Necessity of Affairs that it was sufficient for a Prince to be Vertuous when he could not dispence with being otherwise that it was good and commendable to know what was just and honest but not always expedient to practise it That there were some Vices which no way hinder'd a Prince from Governing well that Solomon was subject to Women yet look'd upon to be the Greatest and Wisest of all Kings for that there is always a Distinction to be made between the Domestick and Publick Life of a Prince his Royal and his Private Vertues Cardinal Mazarine having thus found out the Genius of his Disciple 't was an easie thing for him to imprint in his Mind these New Lectures of Policy which afterwards serv'd for a Basis and Foundation to the Reign of Lewis XIV who together with the Queen-Mother out of pure Gratitude deliver'd into the Cardinal's hands the Keys of all the Favours and Honours of his Kingdom upheld him in despite of all the Princes of the Blood and notwithstanding all the earnest Importunities of the Parliament and People underwent all the Dangers of a Civil War for some Years and not being able to live without the Cardinal'd Presence the King sent for him twice out of Banishment and receiv'd him with those Honours that were no way due to him even to the going several Leagues to meet him and to express his excessive Joy for his Return by mutual Embraces I shall not here enlarge upon the Authority and Power which that Italian Cardinal had in France 't is sufficient to say That the King during his Minority had all the Deference and Respect for that Prelate which a Son could have for a Father and that it was the Cardinal who only reign'd in France In lieu of which he promis'd the King and Queen That he would make him the Greatest Monarch in Europe In order whereunto he was to do Two things The First was To heap up Treasure and augment his Revenues The Second was To lay aside all Scruples of Conscience when the main Concern was the Aggrandizing his Kingdoms The first Tryal of Skill which the Cardinal made in the behalf of France was during his Nunciature when the Peace was concluded at Chirasco where the crafty wilely Minister deceiv'd the Pope his Master the Princes of Italy and the King of Spain in favour of the French Court and so well Cully'd the Duke of Savoy that he wrested out of his Hands that Important Place of Pignerol to deliver it into the Hands of France which was an Acquisition that all the King's Money and Power could not obtain before though he had had an aking tooth for it a long time And this same Cheat and cunning piece of Knavery it was though the Court of France paid for it in good Ready-Money that purchas'd him the Good-Will of all the Court of France and the Friendship of Cardinal Richlieu which Mazarine still improv'd and kept tite by Presents which he sent him out of Italy from time to time and so well he understood to inveigle all the rest that he was call'd into France in the Year 1639. where a little time after his arrival the Death of Father Joseph the Capuchin became the Life of Mazarine This Capuchin was he who serv'd Cardinal Richlieu in all his Intrigues both within and without the Kingdom and who was sent into England during the Reign of Charles I. to sow Division and raise a Civil War which cost that Nation Rivers of Blood So that the Capuchin had good reason to say at his return out of England That he had set Fire to those Sparkles which would kindle such a Flame as would not easily be extinguish'd in Acknowledgment of which the Court of France promis'd to get him a Cardinal's Cap to cover his Blad Pate But he was not so happy as to see himself clad in Purple Death seizing him in the Habit of a Saint of a Franciscan After which the Court of France bent all her Sollicitations in favour of Mazarine To which Cardinal Richlieu was the more willing to give his Consent as being glad to see himself succeeded in the Ministry by a Person of no less Rank then he was who though he were inferiour to him in Birth yet was his Equal in Dignity Both Princes of the Church yet not without some secret Jealousies between ' em But the King and Queen favour'd him in Consideration of the business of Pignerol and his declar'd Devotion for the Interests of France so that he was advanc'd to the Purple toward the End of the Year 1641. Immediately after his Promotion he went to take Possession of the Principality of Sedan which the two Cardinals had wrested from the House of Bouillon by Violence forasmuch as that Principality border'd too near upon France and also durst make Head against it but at a time when France was not so powerful as now it is 'T is true that the Duke of Bouillon Frederick Maurice who was then Sovereign of the Place had very much contributed to the loss of it by changing his Religion upon his marrying the Countess of Berghe For being at that time Governor of Maestricht and in the Service of the States of the United Provinces whose Protection warranted his Territories from all Assaults of France yet finding himself no longer acceptable to the Prince of Orange his near Kinsman nor to the States themselves he desir'd leave to lay down his Commission and retire to Sedan there to lead a private and quiet Life and wholly to employ himself within his principality to the Propagation of the Roman Religion which he had embrac'd in which Employment he made some Progress during some Years After which he met with Business much more considerable by reason of the Refuge which he gave to the Count of Soissions one of the Princes of the Blood and who was retir'd in discontent from the Court of France by reason of some Quarrel with Cardinal Richlieu and this Count was follow'd by the Duke of Guise Now the Duke of Bouillon thought to have avoided all Occasion of Trouble by giving notice to the Court of France of the Retreat of those two Princes but the Cardinal a subtle and crafty Politician seeing he could not hinder it persuaded the King to approve what he had done till an Opportunity of Revenge presented it self as it appear'd not long after by the King 's taking the Field in order to besiege the City of Sedan Nor had the Duke at that time any other way to preserve himself but by clapping up a League in all haste with the Emperor and Spain by which they were to assist him against France with Seven thousand Men and Two hundred thousand Crowns in Ready-Money But the Emperor only perform'd his Promise and sent him some Forces under the Conduct of General d'Amboi Nevertheless the Germans together with about Four thousand Men which the Duke of Bouillon had rais'd at his Charges defeated the French Army
had the least reason in the world to distrust his Words nevertheless he offer'd to give his Children in Hostage or to submit to whatever Precautions they desir'd to take for the Security of the Young King But this was like knocking at a deaf man's door for the Abbot who had his Instructions told him with a great many Complements That he had only Orders to hear him but that he would make a faithful Report of what he had said adding with great Protestations That it should be none of his Fault that he had not a favourable Answer but that was a thing which was never intended So that Bouillon finding that the Abbot never came at him more resolv'd to address himself directly to the Queen and the Duke of Orleance but both the One and the Other knew so well how to avoid meeting him that he could never find an Opportunity to speak to ' em Which put him into a Rage and caus'd him to let fall some hard words against the Queen and the Duke as being too forgetful of what he had done for ' em However Bouillon unwilling to return Home without a positive Answer apply'd himself again to the Abbot but then he could never find the Abbot at home his Servants having Orders still to deny him whenever Bouillon came to ask for him Nay it happen'd one day that tho' he knew that the Abbot was at home by certain Persons of Quality that waited in his Antichamber to speak with him yet the Abbot was so unmannerly as to send out one of his Servants to tell him bluntly in the hearing of those Gentlemen That the Abbot was gone abroad which put the Duke of Bouillon into such a Rage that he bid the Servant tell his Master That had it not been for the Respect which he bore the Duke of Orleance he would have return'd him such a Treatment for his Sawciness that should have stuck to him as long as he liv'd This Transport of Passion in the Duke made a great noise at Court so that the Queen and the Duke of Orleance were glad of this pretence to ridd themselves of a Person whose presence continually Reproach'd 'em with his past Services and the Cardinal propos'd in Council a second seizure of his Person But Bouillon having notice of it underhand took Post for Turenne there to spend the Remainder of his days having lost not only the Important City of Sedan but the promis'd Equivalent besides Nor does the Court of France do any thing more for the Family of Bouillon then only lull 'em asleep with Cardinals Caps and Benefices of the same value Thus we send Trifles to the Indians and bring away their Gold and Silver I would fain have the French Emissaries tell me what reason the Most Christian King had to make himself Master of the Principality of Orange to beat down the Fortifications of the Castle in the year 1667. when the Sovereign was under Age and afterwards utterly to demolish the Castle and Walls of the City and not content with the same Desolation to sollicite the Corporations to submit themselves to the King threatning if they refus'd to burn and totally ruine the Inhabitants as afterwards the French Forces did notwithstanding their Independant Sovereignty I am perswaded the best reason those Emissaries can give is because the Policy of France cannot brook a Foreign Sovereignty within her Dominions and so it was the Interest of the Court to make themselves Masters of it before the Sovereign was in a Condition to withstand their Power by means of his Friends and Confederates and all the while they pretended that they had done the Prince of Orange a signal Piece of Service because they had spar'd him the Expence of a Garrison But if such be the Charity of the Most Christian King what may we expect from his Severity Without Question the same Spirit it was that inspir'd France to seize upon Burgundy and Franche Comé without any pretence of Claim after the Pyrenaean Treaty and without any other reason but because Spain being weak was not able to defend her self and because it is really the Court of France to aggrandize her self so soon as she finds an Opportunity without any respect to Treaties or Alliances And it may be said that the Ministry of Mazarine was a continu'd Chain of Oppressions and that he made it his Study all his Life-time to extinguish the Nobility of France by all the ways imaginable whether right or wrong tho' he were cunning enough to support 'em during the Troubles which happen'd in the Kingdom during the reigning King's Minority But so soon as he had manag'd 'em so soon as he had humbled their Power by ruining 'em for he who deprives a Prince of Money takes from him the Soul of Authority the Princes of the Blood did nothing but cry out and openly reproach the Court that she was full of nothing but Craft Artifice and juggling Tricks to abuse the People and the Confederates but they might cry as loud as they pleas'd the Ministry went its own way and the Cardinal let 'em say what they pleas'd provided he did his own business For it may be said of him that his Tongue bely'd his Heart and that his Countenance quite differ'd from his inward Thoughts He was often wont to say that the French were naturally Turbulent given to Novelty and prone to Sedition and that the Court was full of Restless Spirits Which was the Reason that he always endeavour'd to cut 'em out Employment without the Kingdom But in regard he had no reason to be satisfy'd with the People he was the Inventor of the greatest part of the Taxes now raging in France the Father of the Publicans and Toll-gatherers He suck'd the Blood of the Subjects in imitation of the Grand Signior for the Support of the Soldiery preferr'd before the People at the Expence of the People and tho' it should be to their utter Ruin to the end he might be able to quell 'em when ever they should be inclin'd to Mutiny and Insurrection Insinuating into the Young King that the Preservation of his Crown depended upon his Soldiers as heretofore the German Legions vaunted to hold the Empire in their Hands And in pursuance of that Maxim we have seen that during this Reign the Court of France has practis'd this Lesson which has ruin'd her People that she has impoverish'd her Subjects depriv'd the Nobility of their Privileges and all this meerly by keeping great Armies on foot to serve her at all times with both Hands to ruin the People when ever they went about to shake off or complain of the Excessive Taxes and Imposts with which they are daily overwhelm'd to chastize the Parliaments when they refus'd to verifie the Edicts and Impositions which the Kings sends to 'em as also that she may have her Legions always ready to invade the Dominions of her Neighbours when they least dream of any such Acts of Hostility or are
fatisfaction in Part. For it is visible that his Intrigues in the Court of Poland have a long time hinder'd his Polish Majesty from being Master of Gaminieck for what could else have hinder'd him but the French Louidores more especially seeing the Polanders ever since this War have had only to deal with a beaten baffl'd Enemy whom their Prince had defeated and forc'd to rise from before the Walls of Vienna with Ignominy and a Prodigious Slaughter Nevertheless these Great Advantages produc'd no great Effect tho' the Pope still continu'd his Supplies of Money to carry on the War But the reason is plain for the Pernicious Policy of the Court of France who was resolv'd to march to the Succour of the Turk her dear Confederate wrought so powerfully at the Court of Poland by means of the Queen and Great Presents that the Louidores which tarnish'd the Honour of Poland surmounted the Pope's Piety and his charitable Assistance both together Moreover the King of Poland being naturally Thrifty and rightly judging that the Prince his Son may one day one day have need of ready Money to hoist him into the Throne had so much power over himself and so much presence of Mind as to keep both the Assistance of Rome and the French Pension His Majesty of Poland who is a wise and an understanding Prince knows also that Money is a good Moveable at a time of Need and by a Knack of Prudence the Criticks may call it Pitiful Mechanick and below himself if they please he provides an Apple against he comes to be adry But if this be the King's Weakness 't is the Strength of the Prince his Son The Policy of France has this particular Gift that it carefully studies the Inclination of Princes the weak sides and where lies the strength of those Courts into which she strives to introduce her self and get to be Mistress or Misrule Thither she sends such Persons as are proper for the Genius of the People either as Publick Ministers or private Spies For Example to sent to the Courts of Italy where Gallantry and Courtship abounds such Persons whose Principal Vertue consists in hard Drinking would be an Idle Thing and spoil all No the Court of France is more refin'dly cunning then so she reserves her Lovers of Bacchus's Liquor for the Courts of Germany where the Temper of the Climate induces the People to drink on purpose to steel their Bodies against Cold Weather and there it is that frequently between the Pear and the Cheese they strike the Home-strokes and do their Business when the Wine has warm'd their Courage As for the Court of Poland 't is a Place where neither Courtship nor the Pleasures of the Table are predominant but the Powder of Gold prevails with a witness and indeed not only there but in most part of the Courts of Europe There are few Courtiers and fewer Women so void of Ambition as to be proof against the Attacks of Money I mean that can refuse to embrace his Interests who courts 'em in Showers of Louidores They are such Irresistible Temptations to those that are short of Money as it usually happens in the Court of Poland where Money does not tumble about proportionable to the Expence and where the Courtiers are not so thrifty as the King The French Men and French Women who generally affect a Port answerable to the Grandeur of their Prince many times sacrifice their Fortunes and their Honour to render themselves useful to their Country and such are easily gain'd A Director of Conscience works Miracles upon the Minds of such People and therefore the Policy of France is very Careful to maintain French both Men and women in the Court of Poland and the Ministers of France are so dextrous as to recommend French Men to serve him with the Character of Publick Ministers his Polish Courts without any Expence to his Polish Majesty while France takes care to provide 'em a Maintenance and by that means the Court of France is inform'd of all that passes not only in respect of the Affairs of Poland but also of all that comes to the knowledge of the Ministers in those Courts where they reside those Ministers having sold themselves to France and only acting and actuated by the Spirit and Counsel of France their Benefactress As we have seen by Experience at the Hague during the Residence of the Sieur Moreau and of which the Proceedings against Grandval and Demont are authentick Proofs We ought to be convinc'd that France would never have pay'd those Ministers but that she receiv'd some Benefit by 'em more particularly in a time of War when she cannot send Embassadours to Princes in Confederacy against Her For tho' that France has not any publick Minister in the Courts of her Enemies nevertheless we find she is inform'd of every thing that passes there she neglects nothing but makes a dextrous Use of the Weak side of Princes that are willing to listen to her and takes her Advantage of all Opportunities 'T is the chiefest and indeed the Main Policy of France to surprize her Friends as well as her Enemies and therefore they had need be always upon their Guard and always distrustful of whatever France proposes to ' em The Kingdom of Portugal since the loss of the Battel in 1578. was possess'd by the Moors and after that by the Spaniards till the Year 1641. at what time John of Bragansa assisted by France and being the next Heir to the Crown was declar'd King of Portugal after a general Revolt of the Kingdom which not being able any longer to endure the Oppression of the Spaniards shook off their Yoke under the Reign of Philip IV. The Kings of Spain always thought they had an Ample Right to Portugal by vertue of a Donation from the Cardinal of Portugal the lawful Heir of the Crown after the Death of King Sebastian his Brother who dy'd without Issue That Cardinal being unwilling to quit the Priesthood was push'd forward by the Sollicitations of the Jesuits who besieg'd him in such a manner that they never let him rest till he had made a Donation of the Kingdom of Portugal to Philip II. King of Spain which could not be done to the Prejudice of the Lawful Heirs whom the Spaniards contrary to their Politicks suffer'd to live and grow up in Portugal Nor did they lie asleep but lay'd hold of the first Opportunity as has been already said And certain it is that France spurr'd on by her own Interest contributed toward it with all her Power for indeed the Policy of France requiring the pulling down and ruine of Spain she could not take a better Course then to dismember and rend a whole Kingdom from the Spanish Puissance in regard that Spain decreasing in Dominions and Revenues must needs decrease in Strength France during the Reign of Lewis XIII and the Minority of Lewis XIV had great cause to fear the Strength of Spain but very little to be
Example of Alexander VI. who notwithstanding his being the Vicar of Christ never forbore to falsify his Word when he found there was a necessity for it tho' never any man promis'd things with more solemn Oaths and his Deceit prov'd successful to him Nor was Fordinand King of Castile and Aragon beholding for his Grandeur to any thing so much as to his Breach of Faith The Emperour Charles V. was always wont to swear By the Faith of a Man of Honour when he had a Design to act contrary to what he promis'd This Mazarine maintain'd as a Maxim never to be contradicted and that it behov'd a Soveraign to observe this Rule if ever he design'd Grandeur and Puissance never to stick to or govern himself according to the establish'd Laws of a Monarchy when they agreed not with his present Interest and the Politicks requisite to enlarge his Power because the same Laws that were made in former Ages were good and wholesom at that time but could not always so continued As much as to say that a King may break and trample over the Fundamental Law of a Realm when they concur not with his Ambition and his Inclination to plunder his Neighbours and ruin his Subjects For this reason it is that for some Years since we have seen Lewis XIV practise all these Maxims with a vehement Swing but with little Circumspection consulting neither the Laws of his Kingdom nor the Prerogatives of other Princes However observing this Rule never to threaten before-hand but to execute his Design at the same time that he set forth his Manifesto that his Adversary might have no time or leisure to oppose his Torrent Morevover Men judge of the Inclinations of Princes by the Ministers and Great Personages that are in favour near their Persons and the Deceas'd Prince of Orange William the First was wont to say in his time with great Reason and upon solid Grounds That a True Judgment might be given of the Natural Disposition of Philip II. King of Spain by the Cruelties which the Duke of Alva his Chief Minister committed without fear of punishment in the Low-Countries If it may be lawful to say the same thing of Lewis XIV What Sentiment ought we to have of that Prince If we look narrowly into the Inclinations and Proceedings of the Ministers that have serv'd him all the whole time of his Reign to begin from Mazarine till this very time we shall find 'em to have been all Birds of Prey and most Cruel and Insatiable Blood-suckers of the People Cardinal Richlieu was the First who laid the Foundation of this Policy now practis'd by the Court of France for that same Minister abusing the Simplicity of Lewis XIII made himself absolute Master in the Kingdom He was naturally Violent nor could he endure any Companion all People must submit to Him He Exil'd and Imprison'd he cunningly got rid of the Baron d'Ancre of Monsieur de Thou and Cinqmarc chose rather to establish the Security of his Person and his Fortune by Rigour and Violence then to hazard either by Clemency or by too much Complacency with those that were belov'd by the King and so he triumph'd over all even over the Protestant Party which was very numerous in France and which he endeavour'd to oppress by all manner of ways against the Edicts of Pacification and ruin'd 'em all by ruining Rochell which that he might the better bring to pass he deceiv'd the English and Hollanders who in good Policy were bound to have ventur'd all to have preserv'd that Important Place which was another State within the State it self and was a kind of Sanctuary and Place of Retreat for all the Malecontents of the Court. And it may be said that the Loss of that City was the Source of all the Calamities that befell Charles the I. King of England for France not only rais'd the Tempest in the two Kingdoms of England and Scotland sent Money into England to Kindle the Fire and feed the Civil War but encourag'd Oliver to lay hands upon the Person of the King in hopes at that time to bring down the Power of that Formidable Monarchy by Sea as is easie to judge by the Entertainment which the Court of France gave to the Princes of the Royal Family of England in that Conjuncture Moreover after what a Treacherous manner did France act with the Old Duke of Lorrain that he might have an Advantage to usurp his Country For Cardinal Richlieu under pretence of Friendship drew him to Lion where Lewis the XIII then lay with a Powerful Army under a false pretence that it behov'd him to come and pay his Respects to that Monarch Thither the Prince suspecting nothing but honest and fair dealing repair'd and was receiv'd at first with Extraordinary Honour and Civility not only by the King and the Cardinal but by all the Grandees of the Court who were order'd to treat him Splendidly But that was but the Bait to draw him on for when the poor Duke laden with the Honours of the Court and satisfi'd with his Kind Reception was about to return home he was stopp'd by the Cardinal's Order nor could he procure his Release but by delivering back into the hands of France a great part of his Territories which afterwards occasion'd the loss of all the rest under pretence that the Prince was an active stirring Soldier and devoted to the House of Austria But indeed because the Policy of the Court of France could not brook so near her a Soveraign Prince whose Territories were a Goad in her sides and might serve for an Inlet into France out of Germany Now in regard it is the Policy of a Minister of State to the end he may be lamented and desir'd after his Death to justifie his Conduct in the Eyes of the People Richlieu was willing to have for his Successour a Minister that should out-do him and finish what he had begun therefore he recommended Cardinal Mazarine an Italian by Birth and of mean Extraction naturally covetous and deceitful in whatever he undertook covering himself with the Foxes Skin the better to deceive others and play his own part not caring for whatever People said of him nor what Mischief was laid to his charge so he could bring about his Grand Design which was to get Money so that all the whole time of his Ministry he was call'd The Horsleech of the People By good luck he came to his Ministry during the Regency of a Credulous Queen and a Young King whom he Christen'd that he might acquire to himself the more Respect and Veneration It was easie for him both to imprint in the mind of this Young Prince and instill into him Precepts according to his own Humour which were to Sacrifice every thing to his own Interest Honour Word Alliances Edicts Promises Oaths when all these Vertues were opposite to his Aggrandizement That it behov'd a Prince that would be great to accommodate himself to the
under the Command of Chatillon the Fruit of which Victory was the taking of Doncheri not far from Sedan And this lucky Beginning of the Duke made the Court of France begin to look about 'em as being afraid lest that petty War should kindle a greater Thereupon the Duke of Brezé was sent the same way with Five and twenty thousand Men and the Cardinal persuaded the King and all the Court to march as far as Rethel But unfortunately for the Duke of Bouillon Lamboy quitted him with all his Men being order'd to march to the relief of Aire which the French had besieg'd So that the Duke finding himself constrain'd to shut himself up within the Walls of Sedan and seeing himself besieg'd began to think of an Accommodation so much the rather because the Count of Soissions who had been the Occasion of the War had shot himself in the head with a Pistol Bullet This was no more then what France desir'd as having at that time a War with Spain several discontented Princes and Lord within the Kingdom who waited only for an Opportunity to rise and the Siege of Aire begun uncertain therefore of Success and having so many Irons in the Fire she durst not venture the besieging of Sedan which they were convinc'd that the Duke would defend with the last drop of his Blood besides that he had Great Men that took his Part at Court as not being willing that Place should fall into the King's hands which upon many Occasions serv'd 'em for a Retiring Place Wherefore being also no less desirous to spite Cardinal Richlieu who was look'd upon as the first Author of that War they persuaded the King who was advanc'd as far as Meziere to hearken to an Accommodation Thereupon the Cardinal seeing it was not to be avoided offer'd his Mediation to the Duke of Bouillon to the end that the Affair passing through his Hands the Duke might think himself beholding to him for this Kindness though his Design were to ruine the Duke some other way To which purpose he made great Protestations to the Duke who took all for Gold that glister'd and being but a new Catholick believ'd that whatever that same Prelate and Prince of the Church assur'd him was sincere and truly honest But whatever Protestation his Eminency made he had always a Reserve which he kept close in his Breast and the better to cover his Design and shew his Good-Will he would needs enter into a Treaty as a Security for the Duke's Sincerity and a Gauranty on the King's behalf That His Majesty would perform the Agreement to the least tittle of the Stipulation the better to lull the Duke asleep and draw him to the Court. Thereupon the Articles being sign'd on both Sides the Duke went forthwith to pay his Respects to the King at Meziere where he was entertain'd with Court-Holy-Water fair Words and Complements and receiv'd by the King the Cardinal and all the Lords with all the Honours imaginable due to his Dignity the Cardinal also gave him large Demonstrations of Friendship and made him extraordinary Promises on purpose to engage him to have a Confidence in him and make him believe that he had forgot the injurious Manifesto which the Duke had printed against him Yet all this was nothing else but Snare and Decoy For his Eminency told the King in the presence of all the Court That he could not do better then to entrust an Army under the Command of the Duke of Bouillon as one that so well deserv'd the Honour seeing that with a handful of wretched Germans he had beaten the Army of France so that there was nothing which he might not well expect from his Valour and Experience when he should once come to Head the Valour of the French This the Duke took in good earnest and so fell into the Snare and though he had been forewarn'd by the Cardinal's Enemies that the more Affection and Kindness that Minister shew'd the less he was to be trusted yet he was so easily wrought upon as to accept the Command of an Army in Italy and that was the very Place where the Cardinal was desirous to keep him For being in the Post he forgot himself to that degree as during the Sickness or Lewis XIII to give the Duke of Orleance a Letter of Credence to be admitted into Sedan together with the Queen-Mother and the Children of France under pretence of retiring thither after the King's Death to avoid the Oppression of the Cardinal tho' the Count of d'Aubijoux who went to him in Italy promis'd him with great Oaths and Imprecations that he would never deliver the Letter unless there should be an Absolute Necessity But the King escap'd that Sickness and the Cardinal having notice of every thing to the smallest Circumstance gave him an account of every particular and thought it a favourable Opportunityto revenge himself for what was past and to put the Principality of Sedan into the Hand of France without the Effusion of Blood For he seldom separated the Remembrance of an Injury and the desire of Revenge It happen'd at the same time that the Duke of Orleance finding his Brother very infirm and sickly and believing that during the Minority of the Young King when the Cardinal would have all the Power in his hands he should lead but an ill life in the Court of France and seeing himself expos'd to the Resentment of his Adversary he bethought himself of making a League with the Spaniards by the mediation of a Gentleman whose Name was Fourraille whom he sent to Madrid But the Cardinal having got an Inkling of it sent his Secretary Chavigni privately to give the King notice of it and in the mean time he left no Stone unturn'd to discover the Contents of the Treaty that had been concluded at Madrid and he set so many Engines at work that he found a way to get a Copy of it from some Secretary to the Duke of Orleance So soon as he had read it he sent it to the King by the same Chavigni and order'd him to assure his Majesty that the Copy was drawn from the Origninal it self and for this same Piece it was that Cinqmarc and du Thou were apprehended and that the King order'd his Brother the Duke of Orleance to be very narrowly watch'd who finding it Impossible for him to make his Escape out of France took a Resolution to submit himself to the King's Mercy and implore his Pardon and wrote a very submissive Letter to the Cardinal which he sent him by one of his Favourites wherein he set forth his Repentance in very moving Expressions and his desire to be beholding for the Favour of his Reconciliation with the King to his Eminency who willingly embrac'd the Opportunity of gaining the Duke of Orleance's Friendship and of having at his Beck an Instrument to ruine the Duke of Bouillon Thereupon he made the Duke of Orleance's Peace with the King upon Condition that he
should deliver into his hands the Original of the Treaty But the king's Brother protested that he had burn'd the Original and had only kept a Copy sign'd with his own Hand and Counter-sign'd by the Secretary of his Commands by vertue of which Copy both Cinqmarc and de thou were both arraign'd and the Fatal End they came to is well known But to return to the Duke of Bouillon you are to understand that Fontraille who was sent into Spain to conclude the Treaty that he might bring it the sooner to pass and imprint a higher Opinion of the Business in the Court of Madrid would needs insert the Duke of Bouillon's Name in the Treaty without his Knowledge and promis'd that he should not only ratifie it but allow Sedan for a Place of Refuge tho' the Duke never ratify'd the Treaty nor ever caus'd his Name to be inserted but quite the contrary had always oppos'd it when the Duke of Orleance had formerly made some Overtures to him of the same nature However there needed no more to ruine him so that the Cardinal dispatch'd away a Courrier forthwith into Italy with Orders for seizing his Person which was done at Casal by the General Officers who commanded under him from whence he was conducted by a numerous Convoy to the Castle of Pierre-en-Cize And there it was that the Duke first understood That he had been comprehended in the Treaty of Madrid of which the Duke of Orleance had given him a Copy sign'd with his own Hand and that he at the same time had discover'd the Queen's and the Duke's Design to retire to Sedan upon the King's Decease The crafty Cardinal observ'd by this Confession how much he was fear'd and dreaded which serv'd to render him more absolute then ever and impower'd him to revenge himself of his Enemies more loftily and more inexorably For whatever Excuse the Duke of Bouillon could make and tho' it could never be prov'd that he ever sign'd or ratify'd the Treaty or gave any order for the inserting of his Name therein there was no other Choice for him to make but either to lose his Head or his Principality of Sedan Which was no more then what France had sought a long time and for the bringing of which to pass there was no foul Play which the Minister had not put in Practise no Snare that he had not laid to entrap the Innocent The Dutchess of Bouillon having notice of her Husband's Imprisonment and of the danger he was in of his Life sent her Sister in Law to Court to let the Cardinal know that if the Duke were put to death she would deliver Sedan to the Spaniards to which purpose she had already sent to Brussells to sollicit their Approach to the Town But Mademoiselle de Bouillon arriving at the Court of France and understanding that du Thou had been condemn'd for only being privy to and concealing Cinqmarc's Design chang'd her note and was so far from delivering the Dutchesses Menaces to the Cardinal according to her Instructions that she told the Cardinal she had Orders to enter into a Negotiation and to engage for the Life and Liberty of her Brother This was that which the Cardinal expected and therefore without giving her any time to recollect her self the Treaty was concluded That the Dutchess should deliver Sedan to the King of France and that the Duke her Husband should be put into possession of other Lands of equal value in the Kingdom and that at the same time that the French Garrison should enter the Town the Prisoner should be releas'd Thereupon Cardinal Richlieu not being able to go himself sent his Coadjutour in the Ministry who took possession of it and secur'd it to all Intents and Purposes Thus that Important City which had withstood the King fell into his Hands partly through the ill Conduct of the Duke of Bouillon but chiefly through the Snares which the Policy of France laid for him ever since he quitted his Religion and the Service of the States For in good Policy they ought to have preserv'd that City which gave Protection to the Protestant Party The Death of the Cardinal happening in one and the same year the Queen being declar'd Regent and Duke of Orleance Chief of the Council the Duke of Bouillon returrn'd to Court flattering himself with being restor'd to his Dominions considering that his Misfortune did not befall him but for the good Services which he was ready to have done those Two Illustrious Persons that now sate at the Helm of State and who had engag'd him without his Knowledge But when he came to Court he only found a change of the Regency but not of the Ministry which was still cunning and wilely For Mazarine who succeeded Richlieu in the Government out-did his Predecessor He found that the Disciple knew more then the Master that he had a double portion of Avarice and Self-Interest that Italian Knavery had succeeded French Refinedness and that he had no mind to let go the Prey which he already held fast in his Gripes and for which he had labour'd conjoyntly with is Predecessour 'T is true that when the Duke of Bouillon first arriv'd he receiv'd a world of Complements from the Queen the Duke of Orleance and all the Court but when he came to talk of Business all that Courship vanish'd nor could he obtain so much as Audience either of the Queen or the Duke of Orleance till at length by dint of Pressing Importunity he got so much favour that the Abbot de la Riviere a Favourite of Orleance's was appointed to conferr with him about his Pretensions and that meerly to be ridd of him Bouillon therefore seeing he could do no better fell upon the Matter with the Abbot and told him That he was willing to fulfill the Treaty made with Lewis XIII but that the Evacuation the Verification in Parliament and so many other Formalities absolutely requisite would infallibly take up a tedious Space of several Years therefore till all those Ceremonies were at an end that'twas but just that Sedan should be restor'd him to be surrender'd back into the King's Hands so soon as he should be put into Possession of the Equivalents that considering the Present Posture of Affairs he foresaw long Delays and infinite Cavils whereas if Sedan were in his Hands it would be look'd upon as the King's Business no less then the Enlarging of France by the Acquisition of a Soveraignty and a City of great Strength and Importance That if these Reasons would not work upon the Queen nor Monsieur he desir'd the Abbot to lay before 'em that the One or the Other might happen to dye before Things could be brought to that perfection as to be fit to be put in Execution which would inevitably prove the Ruine of his Family and that they were engag'd as well in Honour as in Conscience not to expose him to that Extremity To this he added That tho' the Queen and the Duke
have all along given Marks of their Filial Obedience and a devout submission to what ever came from the Holy See And to have seen Lewis XIV persecute the Huguenots in France there is no body but would have sworn that he had been the most Zealous Catholick in the world Nevertheless we have seen the contrary and that what he has done in reference to the Protestants was only to ward off the Accusations that might have been charg'd upon him for openly opposing the Holy See while he affronted as all the world knows he openly did Pope Innocent XI only because the Holy Father would not give way to his Usurpation of the Regale in France which produc'd the Assembly of some Prelates of the French Clergy in the Year 1682. wherein the Archbishop of Paris who presided there being flatter'd in case of a Rupture with the hopes of being Patriarch of the Kingdom or in case of an Accommodation with the expectation of a Cardinals Cap got all the Prelates who were present at the Assembly to degrade the Papal Authority and of a Universal Pontiff to make him a Simple Bishop subjected to Councils And the King constrain'd all the Preachers in the Kingdom and Rectors of Universities to declaim and teach a Doctrine in Opposition to the Authority of the Pontiff Nay the Business went so high that the Court of France undertook to govern Rome it self in opposing the Suppression of the Franchises of Embassadours Quarters in Rome which indeed were no more then a Sanctuary for Robbers and Bankrupts Moreover the King of France that he might remain peaceable Possessour of the Regale went about to set a foot an Old Pretension of the Duke of Parma to the States of Castro and Ronciglione supposing 'em Guarranties only of the Treaty of Pisa which was a Pretence to seize upon the City and Country of Avignon which the Court of France had for a long time look'd upon as an Estate that lay convenient for her and only sought an Opportunity to detain it without being oblig'd to make Restitution and which had taken effect had not Innocent the XI been a quiet and peaceable Pontiff suffering with a Christian Patience while he liv'd all the Affronts of the Court of France referring the Revenge of 'em as he was often wont to say to his Crucify'd Saviour and to him it was that the Holy Father appeal'd when France sent him a Copy of the Extract of the Registers of the Parliament of Paris in the ensuing Words This day the King's Advocate-General coming into the Chamber of Vacations and declaring That the Matters of Fact explain'd by the Letter which the King wrote to Cardinal d'Estrees the 6th of this Month having oblig'd his majesty to let our Holy Father the Pope know That for the future he could not but look upon him as a Prince engag'd with his Enemies consequently that he could not acknowledge him for a Judge of every thing that concern'd his Majestly's Interests the King's Advocate General though it his Duty at the same time to take the Precautions settl'd by the Law practis'd upon several Occasions and grounded upon the Opinions of the Italian Canonists themselves to hinder his Holiness from pronouncing Effectual and Regular Judgments upon these Matters To which purpose he has put in to a Universal Council an Appeal Extrajudicial as to all Proceedings of his Holiness at present or for the Future and as to all Sentences which he may have given or hereafter pronounce to the Prejudice of the King or the Prerogatives of his Crown or of his Majesty's Subjects Of all which the Respect which he owes the Crown has oblig'd him to come and give the Court an Account and present to their view the Act which he has made wherein he cannot but acknowledge the Piety Wisdom and Moderation of the King in this particular which seem to have extinguish'd in the Person of the King those Passions that most vehemently agitage other Men. He hopes that the Court will approve his Conduct and assures himself that they will both zealously and faithfully use all the Authority with which it has pleas'd the King to invest 'em to maintain the Respect which is due to his Majesty and to preserve the Prerogatives of his Crown the Tranquillity of his Subjects and the Liberties which are not only particular to the Gallican Church but which she has preserv'd with more Learning and Vigour then any other Which things being consider'd the Chamber Ordains That the said Act of Appeal be Register'd in the Registers Office that recourse may be had to it as occasion serves and that Thanks be return'd to the King for ordering his Advocate-General to proceed according to the Usual Practise upon the same Occasions and that the First President do assure the King in the Name of the whole Society of their Devotion to his sacred Person and his Service and that they will at all times make use of that Authority which the King has conferr'd upon 'em to support the Prerogatives of the Crown the Liberties of the Kingdom and the Repose of his Subjects It was also further added by M. Harlay the King's Counsellor in his Council of State and his Advocate-General That the Reputation and Piety of our Holy Father Innocent XI causing his Majesty to rejoice at his Exaltation to the Pontificate his Majesty endeavour'd to close with his Holiness in order to a unanimous Care of what ever might be for the Glory and Service of God That his desires and the Progresses he made in order to such a Pious Design not having had that Success which he expected the King however still continu'd in his part to employ the Power which God has put into his hands for the preservation of the Purity of the Faith in his Kingdom and to bring back to the Bosom of the Church a Great Number of Children that are gone astray as also to afford the Church all the Protection which she could expect from the Authority of a Great King his Majesty also has edified by his Example and instructed all his Subjects by his particular Piety Nevertheless our Holy Father the Pope to whom so many wonderful Vertues and Actions ought to have render'd the Person of the King so dear has with great heat embrac'd the Complaint of the two Bishops about the Right of the Regale and his Holiness at the same time rejected the Testimonies of all the rest of the Prelates of the Kingdom touching the Favours they have receiv'd from the King in that particular to the Prejudice of his Prerogatives He went about to take from the King's Embassadours at Rome the Franchises which they enjoy'd even under his Pontificate in a City where it became the Gratitude of the Popes to have preserv'd to our Kings more singular Marks of that Sovereignty of which they formerly despoil'd themselves to enrich the Holy See Our Holy Father has also look'd upon as a dangerous and suspected Doctrine the
govern'd 't is true by one of the best Princes in the World leading a Pious and Exemplary Life and void of any Vicious Inclination and it may be certainly said that the People and Grandees of the Kingdom are happy under so Just a King if they understood their Felicity and would but correspond with the Pacifick Genius of their Prince But most commonly the Ministers and their Adherents make their Advantage of the Good Nature of their Prince to fill their own Purses by emptying his and by that means deprive him of his Ability to withstand the Sworn Enemy of Spain who environs him on every side and who for more then one Age together has study'd nothing but his utter Ruine and makes a dextrous use of his Imbecility The King of France has been a long time acquainted with the Constitution of the present Catholick King and upon that Knowledge it is that the Policy of France has built her Designs and so well understood to carry on her Affairs that she brought about a Marriage of that Monarch with a Princess of France Daughter to the Duke of Orleance and that meerly to be inform'd of what past even in this Catholick Majesty's Bed-Chamber as was seen by the Relations frequent in the Court of France and which meerly serv'd for Sport among the French Ladies who are naturally enclin'd to Gossipry Tittle Tattle and Railliery And therefore 't is a pernicious sort of Policy in the Court of Madrid to bestow the Daughters of Spain upon France and to match their Soveraigns with the Daughters of France and of this there are recent Proofs that make us sensible For it is certain that the Marriage of the Infanta Maria Teresa to Lewis XIV has brought nothing but War and continual Trouble upon Spain and still will become the Occasion of More by reason of the Dauphin's Pretensions n case the Catholick King happens to dye without Heirs 'T will be in vain then to alledge that Lewis the XIV at his Marriage renounc'd his Claims with a Solemn Oath for if he brake his Oath and all the Princes blame him for doing an unlawful and unjust Act tending to Usurpation a Sin against Reason and Conscience 't is presently told ye that he could do nothing to the Prejudice of a Third Person meaning the Dauphin of France the only Offspring by that Marriage and usually in such differences between Soveraigns the longest Sword carries it Ratio ultima Regnum was the Motto which Cardinal Richlieu caus'd to be engrav'd upon the Armes of France Or if it be not reason 't is the definitive Will of Kings and becomes Reason if once it proves successful The want of Issue by the Catholick King 's second Marriage with the Princess Palatine of Newburgh increases and swells the Ambition of France and 't is very probable that Lewis the XIV would not be willing that the King of Spain should happen to dye which God forbid during his being enga'd in a War with almost all Europe in regard that not having his Hands free he could not so easily fall upon Spain with a sufficient Force as he might be able to do to make himself Master of that Monarchy in prosecution of his Hopes and Pretensions if his Catholick Majesty did not prevent him in his Life-time 'T is the Policy of France to insinuate into the Grandees of Spain desires of enriching themselves while they have an Opportunity to the end that after his Death they may be able to erect Petty Sovereignties in every Corner of the Kingdom for there is not any Prince among 'em who wants a Pretension with a promise to every one that she will stand by Him and grant him her Protection against all Assailants They not considering all this while that France will at last swallow 'em all up one after another and that they will become the Sport of Lewis the Great their secret Enemy Who in the mean time by this means enfeebles Spain extenuates the King's Treasure and deprives him not only of the power to recover the Places he has lost but to defend those which he has yet in his Possession which the French wrest from him by degrees because that Spain is not in a Condition to make a Potent Opposition as Experience had taught us too apparently not only during the War but also in time of Peace For that since the Pyrenaean Peace Spain has suffer'd the Usurpation of a great many Provinces as Burgundy Franche Conté and Considerable Portions of the Low-Countries and Catalonia And all this because that Spain is a languishing and sickly Body whose Forces waste by degrees through the too much softness of the Soveraign and the Greedy Covetousness of the Grandees of the Kingdom Whereas if the Catholick King would make use of his Authority forsake his Cabinet and Head his Armes there is no question but that the Face of his Affairs would quickly alter It behoves him for the replenishing of his Coffers to squeeze the Spunges that have swell'd themselves with his Treasures and enrich'd themselves at the Expences of his Crown and People A Prince that leads a Soft and Effeminate Life is neither fear'd by his Enemies nor belov'd by his People He is lookt upon as a Statue and resembles those that wish for mighty Things as if they design'd to leave only their Dreams to Posterity Whereas a Monarch ought with his own Sword to make the Pen that is to write his History that is to say that his Valour and Prowess ought to afford his Historiographer Matter otherwise he only serves to fill up the Catalogue of the Kings and the Day of his Birth and the Day of his Death are the most Illustrious and Memorable Parts of all his History A King receives his Crown from his Ancestors but his Renown must spring from himself The Council of Spain falls asleep presently after a Peace and many times after a Truce not considering that France is always awake and that she never lays down her Armes but that it Costs the King of Spain some or other of his best Towns It would be superfluous to set forth in Painting to the Spaniards the misery of their Condition should they once fall under the Despotick Dominion of France They need no more then cast their Eyes upon the lamentable and wretched Estate to which the French are at this day reduc'd while some are forc'd to wander about the World expos'd to utmost Misery to Hunger and Cold and all this meerly to avoid the Cruelty and Tyranny of their Monarch and they that remain behind lie Groaning under the weight of his Iron Scepter that continually bruises 'em to death with his Oppressions and his Imposts The only way therefore for the Spaniards to prevent their Ruine is to countermine the Policy of France to supplicate their Monarch to appoint his Successour in his Life-time to the end he may be bred up in the Court of Madrid and be ready to oppose the Invasions of
Europe's my own so soon as she beheld James II. upon the Throne of Great Britain I shall not here enlarge upon the Accident that set him in the Throne But certain it is that France and He had long and passionately waited for the happy Minute for that according to their Saying between 'em Charles II. was a meer Slugg and had neither vigour nor courage to put in Execution the Projects that France was a Brewing But far from that Charles II. wanted neither Policy nor Ingenuity and might have gone to his Grave with the Character of Prudent and Vertuous but for his scandalous Inclinations for Women However it may be assuredly said That the Match to which he was in a manner driven against his own Consent made him disgust Matrimony and threw him into a Vein of wanton Courtship 'T is true 't was a Weakness in him too apparent for his Honour but France and his Brother the Duke of York knew how to make their Advantage of it And therefore the Joy of Lewis XIVth's Court was not to be conceiv'd so soon as both He and his Adherents understood the Death of that good Prince and the Elevation of James II. to the Throne the Jesuits rejoyc'd in particular and never was such Posting backwards and forwards between Versailles and London as after the King of England's Death came to be publickly known at the French Court And there was some reason for it for that then it was that the French Council began to take terrible Resolutions in order to the putting in Execution a Design that France had kept conceal'd in her Breast for many Years before She began with the Revocation of the Edict of Nants a Thing which she durst not meddle with so long as King Charles was alive though that Prince in his heart was none of the Devoutest Religionaries but a Politician much more and one who observ'd his Measures by reason of his Parliament that was well inform'd that England was the Garrantee of that Edict But so soon as James II. became sole Master in England the Court of France gave her self her full swinge and push'd on her Design upon Europe might and main because that then there was no longer any fear of England which was the only Puissance that could either disappoint or advance her Enterprize And this was a Truth at all times so well known by the Kings of England that Hen. VIII made a Medal of Gold upon which was engrav'd a Hand stretching it self out of a Cloud and holding a Pair of Scales that were equally poiz'd with this Motto My Friendship turns the Beam But in King James's Time it was not England turn'd the Scale but France while England like an Ox ignorant of his own Strength tamely surrender'd her Neck to the Golden Yoke of Lewis XIV Formerly the Policy of France sent to the Court of England Lovely French Nymphs to cultivate the Hearts of the English Lords and of the Monarch himself But during King James's Reign another sort of Vermin were made use of and Monks and Jesuits were sent in Shoals that like so many Caterpillers and Locusts devour'd the Country and who had already dispers'd themselves over all the Kingdom and had made themselves Masters of the King and his Privy-Council to the great grief of all his good Subjects What a Heart-breaking must it needs be to the sounder Party at Court to see a Father Peters Chief in the Privy-Council pearch'd upon one of the highest Dignities in the Kingdom slighting and domineering over the Lords and Peers of the Realm as having got the Soveraign Authority into his Hands and for that the King and the Queen a Princess transported altogether by her Passion suffer'd themselves to be deluded and govern'd by this Tartuff of a Hypocrite and he over-rul'd by Father La Chaise who had all his Orders from the Court of France By which it may be easie to judge in what Condition France was at that time what Devils haunted both the Court and the Kingdom trampl'd o're the Necks of the King 's best Subjects and were just exposing the People to the Rage of Queen Mary's Reign who allow'd her Subjects no other Choice but of the Mass or the Faggot They who seriously consider the Policy of France in respect of England during the Reign of King James the II. will find the Game but very ill play'd seeing that in so short a time it gave an occasion to a Revolution so dangerous to France But so it happen'd because that Lewis XIV not foreseeing the Consequences after he had once given a loose Liberty to the Monks and Jesuits was no longer Master of the Affair and those Vermin pusht on King James with so much precipitancy that he being desirous to do too much at once they ranvers'd at the same time all the Designs of France and cast him headlong from the Throne into an Abyss from whence he will never be able to rise again so long as he lives nor will all the Power of France nor the detestable Wealth and Politicks of the Jesuits be able to restore him again If the Court of France were so excessive in their Rejoycing upon the Coronation of King James we may assure our selves that they were no less drown'd in Tears of Grief and Rage upon his Abandoning the Crown And then it was that all the best Head-pieces both Jesuits and Courtiers met together which way to apply some proper Remedies to a Blow so fatal and so unlookt for and then it was that Lewis XIV acknowledg'd his Error in following the Marquis of Louvois's Counsel which was to attack Philipsburgh instead of Maestritcht and give the Prince of Orange an Opportunity to pass un-disturb'd into England But that which deceiv'd France was an Army of Forty thousand Men which King James had a foot of which a great part were Irish and a Fleet of Forty Men of War riding out at Sea which indeed was a Force sufficient both by Sea and Land to have resisted so small a number as attended the Prince into England But it may be said that that same great Body was a meer Monster all Arms but no Head and whose Veins were fill'd with Water only instead of Blood And if France had bethought her self to have sounded in the first Place the Heart of King James she would have found there more of Cowardice then Courage and without question she would have march'd her Troops to the Lower instead of sending them to the Upper Rhine But by this we see that there is a certain Destiny which all the Wisdom all the Force and Industry of mortal Man cannot escape But now the Constitution of the Court of England being chang'd by the Alteration of the Government there was a necessity for the Court of France to change her Batteries and to employ all her Politicks which way to dethrone the reigning King whether by the Sword by Fire or by Poyson 't was indifferent to her provided she
nor into any the meanest Offices in the Kingdom and that it would be a very difficult thing not to say an Impossibility to embody all those that go by the Name of Jacobites scatter'd up and down in several Parts of the Kingdom and for the most part known to be such Besides that we find that no sooner a Dozen of these Rebels meet together but they are presently discover'd a visible Sign of the Care that Divine Providence takes for the Preservation of their Brittanick Majesties and that the same Providence watches over 'em while they without intermission labour to settle the Government to protect the Nation against their Enemies and to re-advance the Honour of the British Name beyond what the Princes their Predecessors have done for several Ages There is no question to be made but that the King of France or his Council is very well inform'd of the Constitution of England and that it will be in vain for their Enemies to attempt any thing there so long as the King and his Parliament are united together as we find 'em at this Day Insomuch that this good Correspondence has furnish'd the King with powerful Supplies to oppose his Enemies both by Sea and Land tho' their Number were double to what it is at this Day For that so long as the English have a formidable Fleet upon their Coasts who shall be so daring as to attack ' em Not France I 'm sure Besides that if they can but come to grapple with their lurking Enemy the French would soon be constrain'd to quit their Coasts So that all things being consider'd there is nothing more for France to do but to give over the War with England for that unless they be Masters of the Sea their Trade is lost and they are absolutely ruin'd not being able to sell their Wines their Brandies and other Products of the Kingdom besides that they are fore'd to drein themselves of all their ready Money to pay the King's Subsidies with a number of Impositions and Taxes with which the Kingdom swarms And which is worst of all their Harvests having fail'd for Two Years together from whence shall they have Corn if they be not Masters of the Sea more especially being at War with the Hollanders and excluded out of Spain which has several times supply'd their Wants So that 't is no marvel that the French begin to be weary of the War especially with England and that he no longer observes any Measures with King James who at present resembles one of one those petty Saints to whom they will not put themselves to the trouble of lighting up a small Wax Candle because they neither cure any Diseases nor are able to make their Guardian 's Pot boil France has begun a War which she will not get quit of when she pleases her self Her Monarch has a long time acted Orlando Furioso and affronted both in Word and Deed a Prince that was not in a Condition to defend himself but now that Providence by a miraculous Conduct has plac'd the injur'd Prince upon the Brittish Throhe 't is not for the Court of France to think that God by his Providence has so highly exalted that Prince has conferr'd upon him the Government of several Kingdoms and Provinces and put so great a Power into the Hands of the only Prince that France is afraid of a Prince that has so well united the greatest part of the Princes of Europe in order to make a vigorous War against the common Enemy who by degrees has so largely usurp'd upon their Dominions and all this only to render more conspicuous the Honour of Lewis XIV as his Emissaries give out 'T is never to be believ'd and they that imagine it must be either void of Sence or be of the Number of those Phanaticks that have no more Wit then to adhere to King James But if France can get nothing by a War with England she may be much a loser considering the present Condition of her Affairs For should the English once happen to set Foot in France they have not forgot their Right to Normandy Guienne Poitou and Languedock When the English quitted Calais they promis'd the French Governour who came to take possession of it to return when their Sins were not so crying loud as those of the French At least the Court of France is not to believe that the English will let 'em alone in the quiet Possession of Dunkirk a Place that is no more the Patrimony of the Kings of France then Strasburgh They that sold both the one and the other of those Cities had no right to make the Bargain France treated with those that were under Age. Now we know that what an Infant Sells or Contracts for is lyable to be cancell'd Charles the Second had neither conquer'd nor purchas'd Dunkirk he found it annex'd to the Crown upon his return to his Kingdoms nor was it for him to sell it to satisfie the Avarice of his Chancellor So that the Kings his Predecessors have still an undeniable Right either to regain it by Force of Arms or recover it by Treaty of Peace with much more Equity and Justice then the Chamber of Metz can pretend to make Reunions to the Crown of France The words surrender back are doubtless very hard of Digestion to Lewis the Great who pretends at all times to be the only Person that can restore Peace to Europe and therefore he ought in the first place to understand what Restitution is The Greatest and Wisest of Kings assures us That Destruction presses close upon the Heels of the Proud and as I have already said Fortune grows weary of always carrying the same Prince upon her Back There are many Reasons why France should sink after all the Cruelties she has committed and which are not yet at an end People trail their Chains after 'em for some time without much complaint but 't is with a design to break 'em upon the first Opportunity and there is no question to be made but that if the English once set Foot ashore with their Prince at the Head of 'em but that the greatest part will receive him as their Deliverer And I dare be bold to affirm that there are at Present a Great Number in France who wish it and wait for their Deliverance and that there is hardly a Lord at Court or a Prince of the Blood who does not pray for the bringing down their Monarch and the Prosperity of the Confederates Armes The Race of Valois ended in France for less Crimes then those that Bourbon has committed But there is a precise Time appointed for humbling the Monarchs of the World conceal'd from Humane Knowledge and it is a Folly to go about to penetrate into a Secret which Divine Providence has reserv'd to it self However we see the King of France tries all Ways and Means to Support himself like a Man that strives against Death He ruins his Subjects to maintain his Armies he
Impoverishes 'em to constrain 'em to turn Soldiers He calls in all their Money embases it and pays 'em with New Money enhaunc'd above a Third part of the True Value to fill his Coffers He seizes upon all the Church-Plate and what belongs to private Persons and coins it into Money and the better to inveigle the People as it were to follow his Example he sends his own Plate First of all to the Mint and sends for it back the next day There is not any Tax or Toll or Imposition that has escap'd the Invention of his Flint-Skinners so that the greatest part of all the Handycraft Tradesmen and Peasants have abandon'd their Farms and their Houses to wander about and beg their Bread or else to seek their Livelihoods in foreign Countries I have often with my own Ears heard very good Men and Old Catholicks cry out When will the Prince of Orange meaning the King of England now reigning come and deliver us from all our Miseries Rightly judging That the English are They who can only give that Lucky Blow by reason that their nearness to the Coasts of France facilitates their Entrance into the Kingdom The Court of France knows this to be true and therefore takes so much care to line their Coasts tho' the King of France's whole Army would not suffice to guard a Compass of 300 Leagues in Extent so well as they should do to prevent the Enemies landing in some part or other Where they that land have no more to do then only to stand the First Shot for the Second Discharge will prove very moderate and for the Third there will be no occasion to fear it I affirm then that the English alone are able to harrass France more then any of the Confederates to put her to an Excessive Expence which dreins her Treasury forces the King to oppress his Subjects that he may replenish his Coffers provokes the Malecontents to shake off the Yoke of a Despotick Government and to desire a Government like that of England which beyond all contradiction is the most Just and most Equitable as well for the King as for the People every one there enjoying their Rights and Privileges the King his due Prerogatives and the People their Repose If any one of the Republicks of Europe be able to infuse Jealousies and Fears into France it is the Republick of the United Provinces which is at present the most potent the most Illustrious the most glorious and the most wealthy Republick in the World I acknowledge that Venice may dispute the Point of Antiquity with her otherwise there is no Comparison to be made between ' em No wonder then that her Neighbouring Puissance has drawn upon her the Envy of France The Policy of her Ministers ever since the Beginning of this Reign has very Judiciously exercis'd it self in finding out the most clever and probable ways to swallow up those Provinces either by Conquest or by Ruining 'em to which purpose Measures have been taken a long while ago And Lewis XIV at the Beginning of the War 1672. did verily believe to have compass'd his Designs having invaded the States at a Time when they rely'd upon the Faith and Sincerity of Treaties and had neither any Forces a foot nor any General to lead 'em Good Husbandry being Natural to Republicks in Time of Peace Nevertheless France could not strike that Blow so home as she desir'd without the Consent of England and therefore it was that the Court of France was so careful to improve their Friendship with Charles II. sparing neither for Money nor the Allurements of Pleasure to inveigle and fasten him to their Interests and to cause him to bury in Oblivion all the Benefits he had receiv'd from the Republick and the House of Orange Nor would France quit her Hold till England had in conjunction with her declar'd War against the United Provinces where the Embassadors of France had for some Years labour'd underhand by the Inticing Baits of Gold and Silver to gain Creatures within the Republick since which time the Count d'Avaux understood so well to follow their Steps that he out-did ' em For that being Young and a Courtier he made his Love of Women serviceable to get him Admittance into certain Families that had some share in the Government and there were few Cities where he had not his Creatures who gave him Intelligence of all things that past in Council and some there were who like Nicodemus's came to him by Night not daring to appear in the day-time The Greatest Policy of France was always to foment Division between England and the United Provinces afraid of nothing more then a good Correspondence and Union between the Two Puissances Nor did she see any way more Probable to compass her Ends upon the United Provinces then by sticking close to England which had fallen out luckily for her during the two preceding Reigns while she amus'd those two Princes with Hopes of sharing in the Conquest And upon this Score Lewis XIV had very little trouble to perswade James the Second to close with him for that in his Heart he was an Enemy to the United Provinces and the House of Orange besides that he was besieg'd by the Monks and Jesuits and particularly by Father Peters who kept him under the awe of the Ferula putting him in hopes of Great Rewards from Heaven in case he would lend his Helping hand to destroy the Hereticks perswading him that the United Provinces were the Center of Heresie So that he added to his private Hatred that Biggotry which those Hypocrites of Monks continually blew in his Ears And indeed all things were in a ready forwardness to recommence in Conjunction with France a new War against Holland The King's Inclinations were altogether bent that way and the Thing would have had the Effect desir'd so soon as James the Second had once obtain'd to be Master of his Parliament had abolish'd the Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom and lay'd low the Heads of some of the principal Lords the best Affected toward the Wellfare of the Kingdom and the Preservation of the Privileges of the Nation But the Revolution in England falling out so unexpectedly toward the end of the Year 1688. and the Year following fended off the Blow and broko all the Measures of those Two Princes to which we may add the rejecting of the Cardinal of Furstenburgh from being Archbishop of Cologne All these Events so contrary to the Expectation of Lewis XIV very much contributed toward the Preservation of the Low-Countries For there is no doubt but the Cardinal who is a Man dangerous turbulent actuared by the Demon of France to whom he has sold and devoted himself since he withdrew himself from his Obedience to the Emperor his lawful Sovereign was in t oduc'd into the Chapter of Cologne only to be the Tool and Organ by whose means the Most Christian King might the more easily disturb the States of the United
a Collonel of the Foot-Regiment of Guards he march'd his whole Regiment before the Idol saluted it with his Pike and order'd all his Soldiers to salute it with a Royal Volley insomuch that at first there was no Body durst pass by it without some kind of Genuflexion And by that Statue it is that Men may make a shrew'd Conjecture of the Design and good Intentions of Lewis XIV since he had caus'd to be engrav'd upon the Predestal of the Idol the Hollanders as well as other Nations link'd and chain'd together like Slaves under his Feet By which 't is easie to discern as in a Mirror the very inside of Lewis XIV and his kind Intentions toward the United Provinces in case he could attain his Ends. And he discover'd his wicked Purposes so openly after he thought himself assur'd of King James upon his Elevation to the Throne by the hasten'd Death of Charles II. that 't was the publick Discourse in the Court of France how they were going to fall upon the Hollanders and that they would drown their Provinces under Water to the end they might never rise again to vex the King by their opposing his just Designs This was the common Language of the Court and he that should have contradicted it would have been Empal'd after the Turkish manner I must confess that at present they see with other Eyes at the French Court and their Language is quite another thing 'T is the main Business of the Court at this time to flatter and caress the Hollanders by that means if she can to disburthen her self of a War too ponderous for a Kingdom groaning under Famine and many other Calamities and which are more likely to encrease then abate So that if the United Provinces together with the rest of the Confederates do but stand their station tho' they should gain no ground upon the Enemy France must be forc'd to condescend to what Conditions they please But say some of the more peaceful and quiet sort of People what Assurances have we of being able to constrain the King who makes Head against all the Confederates to restore to Spain so many Towns and Fortresses and so well fortifi'd which he has in his Hands to the end the Hollanders may enlarge their Barriers I answer That in this War the King of France is in an Association with the Turk who by the Diversion he makes cuts out Work for the most considerable Forces of the Emperor and Empire That the Ottoman Empire consists of a capricious and giddy-headed People who have been several times of late and indeed upon all the most considerable Occasions defeated and that by consequences there is nothing of certainty for France to trust to on that side who only sways the Port by the force of her Money and a few frivolous Promises So that there needs no more then an Insurrection of the People or a humour of the Grand Signior the Prime Visier or the Mufti to produce a Treaty of Peace and overturn all the Hopes of France Besides that if we do but consider the bottom of things we shall find that this War which the Turk continues with so many Disadvantages costs the French Yearly those Summs which they are unwilling to boast of Secondly Lewis XIV alone by himself is bound to pay and maintain above Four hundred thousand Men to make head against his Enemies Whereas the Confederates are not bound to keep so many Men in constant Pay for the supply of which every one bears his Proportion nor does he that is most burthen'd bear a Fourth part of the Load of France 'T is true the Body of the Confederates is a bulky Fabrick but it moves upon several Engines which makes it go the surer Now I dare maintain that 't is impossible for the King of France to act alone by himself above Six Years as he does against a Confederated Body without ruining his People At the long-run the Soldier turns the Citizen out of his House and reduces him to beggary for want of Trade The Taxes devour that little which the Inhabitants have heap'd up during the Peace The Treasury fails because the Springs are grown dry the Merchant is ruin'd by his Losses The Customs and Gabells which were formerly the best and most ready Money the King had by reason of the great quantity of Salt that us'd to be utter'd all over the Kingdom must needs be very low when People want Money to buy Bread more then Salt And 't is not long since that I heard one of the Farmers say That the Gabells of Salt are fallen above half in half and it is the same thing with all the other Farms in France A Monarch without a full Exchequer is like a Man without Hands and Eyes Of all the Soveraign Puissances at present in Confederacy with France there is not any one can contribute more to her Ruine then the united Provinces and that two ways the one by preventing all Commerce and all manner of Trade with France and forbidding under severe Penalties the carrying of Provision and Corn to the Enemies Country in regard that Merchants are greedy of Gain and care not whether they supply Friends or Enemies insomuch that 't is said of some People to express their Extraordinary Thirst after Profit that if there were a Fair or Market in Hell they would carry their Goods to the Infernal Gate so they might put 'em off The Other way to Ruine France is to make themselves Masters of the Sea which they might easily do in respect of the French and by that means prevent any thing for going or coming out of the French Ports Add to this the Necessity that France is in to send for Horses into the United Provinces to remount her Cavalry which it is in the Power of the States with ease to prevent Besides all this the United Provinces have had a vast advantage over France during the Continuance of this War by the Trade which she has driven all along into the Indies Italy Turky Spain England the Baltick Sea c. whereas the French have only Italy and Turky free to themselves for if they will have any thing from the Baltick Sea they must put up Swedish or Danish Colours to protect 'em from the English On the other side I must confess that several Merchants Ships of both Nations fall into the Hands of the French Capers and a far greater Number then those that are taken either by Dutch or English but then we must consider that there are a hunder'd English and Dutch Ships for one miserable French-man continually trading upon the Sea and many times our Capers meet with French Prizes that are hardly worth the Taking Then again the Number of French Privateers surpasses double and Treble the Number of the Dutch in regard that the French Merchants having nothing else to do with their Vessels turn 'em all into Privateers that so they may not lie idle Insomuch that all the
of France which was rather encreas'd then abated as we have seen by what was aim'd at by the Match with Portugal which Heaven prevented by a Kind of Miracle his Royal Highness having already taken leave of his Estates The Court of France has always so narrowly watch'd the Duke that she thought it impossible for him to escape her Trains or to withdraw himself from the King's Pleasure who had so near a Relation at the Court of Turin that he had Intelligence of every thing which was acted there and of every Petty Resolution that was taken and the main Business was to hold the Duke under the King 's Ferula but above all from holding any Correspondence with the House of Austria And for proof of the Truth of this it may be remember'd that the Duke of Savoy could not go for his Diversion to Venice with his Electoral Highness of Bavaria but he was follow'd and watch'd by the Envoy of France who was then at his Court and who knew so well to work and undermine with his Louidores that he was inform'd of all that past at that Interview Which gave the First Occasion that Kindl'd the Fire of the War at present between France and Savoy And tho' there be a great Disproportion between the two Contenders nevertheless the Duke gives no small disturbance and trouble to the Court of France whether it be by the Alliances which the Duke has enter'd into or by the Constitution of the Italian Climate which has always cost France a world of Men as having been always call'd the Church-yard for the French and notwithstanding the inequality of Puissance the King has been constrain'd to keep up a numerous and chargeable Army on that side to which he is oblig'd to send at vast Expences out of the Dauphinate and Provence his Ammunition and Provision for their Subsistance Moreover France never imagin'd that the Duke of Savoy could or durst have undertaken any thing against her For which reason the Policy of France ne'er thought it worth while to fortifie her Frontiers on that side to prevent in time of War the Savoyards from entring into Provence and the Dauphinate Nor was ever the King more surpriz'd or madder then when he heard that the Confederates had got footing in those two Provinces So that had it not been for the Accident that befell his Royal Highness and the unhappy Consequences of his confiding too much in the Jesuits of Ambrune which was in part the Cause of the Return of his Army certain it is that the Duke had enter'd Victorious into Grenoble The Dread of his March reach'd not only to Lion but as far as Paris A good part of the Inhabitants of the Dauphinate and Provence had already quitted their Country but the Greatest part impatiently waited for the Conqueror's coming to deliver them out of their Misery and break their Chains but they were frustrated in their Hopes for the Reasons above mention'd The Court of France always flatter'd her self till now that if she restor'd to the Duke of Savoy some Town that she had taken from him that he would be glad to renew his Alliance with her Nay she believ'd it an Honour which he would sue for but she found her self deceiv'd For she met with a Haughty and undaunted Prince who would not listen to any Proposals that tended to disunite him from his Confederates and besides knowing France too well his Royal Highness was absolutely convinc'd that there was no relying upon the Promises and Word of a King much less upon the Faith of his Ministers who glory in deceiving those with whom they have to deal if any Benefit redounds from thence to France The Court of France had her Aim and her Prospects in her Offers which she made last to the Duke of Savoy and it was the Strife of her Policy to bring him off from the Confederates and to have render'd him liable to their Ill Opinion who would doubtless have abandon'd him and thereby have left France at her Liberty to have invaded his Country For should France resign to the Duke all the Places she had taken from him but keep Pignerol and Casal in his Hands that were still no more then lying alwayes between the Hammer and the Avnil His Royal Highness therefore having drawn his Sword against France that continually oppress'd him it behoves him never to sheath it again till he has procur'd his full Freedom and secur'd himself from future Dangers seeing he may well expect to be sincerely succour'd by the Confederates who never will forsake him but always stick by him as hitherto they have done So much the rather because they may be able in case the Catholick King dyes without Issue to seat him in a better Station to which he has already Great Pretensions by the Marriage of Charles Emanuel in the Year 1561. with Katherine Infanta of Spain the Daughter of Philip II. So that by the Addition of Piemont to Milanois he may take upon him the Name and Title of King of Lombardy Which is an Advantage he can never attain to if he depart from the Interests of the House of Austria to embrace the Promises of France which early or late will deceive him 'T is never to be thought that France will ever mend or that she will act for the future with more Fidelity then hitherto she has done To trust to her would be for a Man to put a willing Cheat upon himself The Blackmoor can never change his Skin nor the Leopard alter his Spots So France can never help her Usurping upon her Neighbours Ambition is an inveterate Disease that has seiz'd her never to be Cured but by the Prosperity of the Confederates I know very well that they flatter his Highness with a Match between the Duke of Burgundy the Dauphin's Eldest Son and who in his Turn may wear the Diadem of France with one of the Young Princesses of Savoy but this is still to cast Oyl into the Fire and give France a New Handle to lay hold on who is ready enough to grasp all Advantages without giving her an Opportunity These are Baits which the Emissaries of France throw about at a venture to try whether they will take or no. If not however it fails not to make some Impression in the Breasts of the Ladies who being Members of the Frail Sex easily fall into the Snare and willingly feed themselves with worldly Honours never considering what they will cost 'em nor the Dangers that attend ' em The Antipathy between the Danes and Swedes whether it proceeds from any Hatred of the two Nations one of another or from Interest of Trade by reason that the Dominions of Both Kings lie so close together has in some measure parallel'd 'em with France and Spain Which is the Reason that the King of France has always endeavour'd to procure their Amity or at least to have the one or the other on his side And this has been his Care
all along during this War which began in 1672. at what time Sweden declar'd openly for France Tho' he repented of it afterwards whether it were by reason of his Ill Success and the Advantage of the Electour of Brandenburgh during that War or the Infidelity of the Court of France so far from observing her Word that she never pay'd the Money which she promis'd to that Crown but on the other side depriv'd the Northern Prince of his Dutchy of Deux Ponts Which ill Usage lost the French all their Credit in the Court of Sweden where they were afterwards look'd upon as Cheats insomuch that the Good Correspondence formerly between those two Nations turn'd into Hatred and Scorn After this Change in regard the Policy of France found it Convenient to have one of these two Northern Princes tack'd to her Interests she cast her Affection upon Danemark and so well ply'd the Ministers of that Court with her Louidores that now she governs 'em as she Pleases and makes 'em daunce to the French Ayres I must acknowledge that the King of France pays the Violins but still Levis XIV has the Pleasure to see the Danes dance and foot it to his advantage The Siege of Ratzâ—nburgh cost France Three hunder'd Thousand Crowns which were pay'd at Hamborough upon throwing the First Bomb into that Fortress For the Policy of the Court of France would needs venture that Summ at a time when she had little reason to have spar'd it in hopes that this Siege would have made a notable Diversion and that all the Princes of the House of Luneburg would have recall'd all their Forces from the Low-Countries and the Rhine to defend that Place But here the French were cully'd by the Danes For the Difference was made up between both Parties France not being able to prevent the Reconciliation which seem'd to her to have been Impossible But this is not the First Attempt of the Court of France that has come to nothing So that it cannot be said that she takes her measures so truly as never to be mistaken as her Emissaries give out with high applause For to hear them Chatter a man would swear that the Resolves of the Cabinet of their Great Monarch were the Decrees of Heaven that never err which France does often and more frequently then she would her self In the Present Conjuncture France ready to sink under the Burthen of a Long Chargeable War makes use of Danish Flags and Vessels to get Corn and Naval Stores for her Men of War In short at present she embraces the Danes whom she contemn'd before as her only Patrons and Deliverers to whom she can have Recourse and she would fain have the King of Danemark declare War against the United Provinces The Minister of France residing at Coppenhaghen is continually beating his Brains day and night to furnish the Danish Ministers with Pretences to begin a Rupture he promises Ships and Money to assist 'em and that tho' it should be their Misfortune to come by the worst yet upon the making of the Peace he would never forsake 'em no more then he did he Swede when the Peace of Nimeghen was concluded The Louidores of France are most alluring Baits at the Court of Coppenhaghen but their Interest so undeniably requires 'em to hold a good Correspondence with the Hollanders rather then with any other Nation that only that Consideration out-bâ—llances all the Golden Persuasions of the French Embassadour Bonrepos who having quitted his Religion to please his Master labours by all the Artifices of Fallacy and Deceit to become serviceable to him in acknowledgment of the Honour done him in sending him upon an Embassy for which he thought him a more fit Person then any Body else by reason of his Employment in the Sea Affairs under the Marquis of Segnalai But that which most embarrases France and Danemark both together is this that Swedeland which is the far more potent Kingdom of the two being engag'd in a strict Alliance with the Emperor and the United Provinces and having also Pretensions to Danemark will not be wanting to cross the Enterprizes of the Danish King who all things being consider'd can ne'er hope for any great Assistance from the French in the Present Conjuncture Moreover such is the Jealousie between those two Nations upon the score of Trade that the Danes are always afraid least the Swedes should be too hard for 'em and agree with the Hollanders to furnish 'em with all the Wood and other Naval Stores which otherwise they fetch from Danemark and which would be a loss to 'em that France would never be able to repair If the King of France cannot oblige Danemark to break with the United Provinces he is bound at least to procure as much Succour as he can from the North and to make use of Danish Colours to pass freely without molestation with promise to reimburse all the Losses which the Danes shall sustain by their Protection in regard the Danish Ministers readily foresee that so great a Number of Passports which they give for Money to al Vessels and all sorts of Nations that desire 'em must at length open the Eyes of the Confederates and force 'em to put a stop to a Trade that only serves to carry Counter band Goods into France contrary to Justice and Reason and to the prejudice of the Treaties Bonrepos does all he can to continue this Game and he keeps by him whole Reams of Blank Passports to fill 'em up in favour of those who desire 'em and to encourge 'em to sail France he gives 'em to some and promises 'em to others and bequeaths himself a hunder'd Times a day to the Devil to assure 'em of the Honesty and Sincerity of his Master In short that Embassadour takes a world of Pains so that if he succeed in his Negotiation the King his Master may well bestow upon him the Collar of the Order of St. Lewis in recompence of his Toil and Labour and in exchange for his Religion The Count d' Avaux a Cunning and Crafty Minister at present the French Embassadour at Sweden is so well known in the World that we should do him wrong to write his Panegyrick He acted his part so well during his Embassy at the Hague that his Master sent him to King James to assist him with his Counsel during the Heroick Expedition of that Prince in Ireland His Instructions are not altogether the same with those of Bonrepos's at Coppenhaghen because those two Courts are not both of one Opinion and for that the Promises of France have not that Reputation at Stockholm as at Coppenhaghen And therefore while Bonrepos presses the Danes to a Rupture d' Avaux only sollicits the Court of Sweden to stand Neuter and to continue their Trade with France or instead of that to grant Passports to such as shall desire 'em to the end that Sweden and Danemark may be equally concern'd in case the Confederates should
be this must be agreed in their behalf that they are not only faithful to what they promise but stout upon all occasions as we may see by fourteen Battels which they fouth with the Emperour Fâ—â—derick and three others which they won from Charles the Bold the last Duke of Burgundy and all the Brave Atchievements which they per orm'd in Italy as well for as against France under the Reign of Charles the VIII Lewis XII and Francis I. And for that reason it is that since that time the Greatest Potentates of Europe have always sought their Friendship and their Alliance and that the French have caress'd 'em with a great deal of Artifice and Money not so much out of any Kindness which the French have for the Switzers or for the need which they have of their Men in time of Peace but for fear least the Cantons should enter into a Solemn Engagement with the House of Austria For which reason France is careful to stipulate in all the Treaties which she renews with the Cantons that they shall not send above such a number of Men to any other Foreign Princes and those only for the Guards of their Bodies The Embassadour of France has made choice of Soleurre for the Place of his Abode because the Inhabitants of that Canton are all zealous Roman Catholicks who pin their Faith with great Submission upon the Sincerity of their Curate and the Embassadour resides here to shew the Particular Honour which his Master has for the Roman Catholick Cantons above the Evangelick and that the Monks and Priests may have free Access to him who bear a great Sway among the Catholicks Moreover the little Summs of Money which the Embassadour scatters among the Chief of 'em procure him Creatures that still will be inclin'd to the Interests of France and readily stoop to the Lure And by this means it was that the French got leave to build the Fortress of Huninghen which as long as it stands will be a Hook in the Noses of the Inhabitants of Bale to lead 'em which way the Policy of France shall judge most convenient for her purposes Nor is it long since the Governour of that Fortress made an Essay whether the Cannon of that Place would reach as far as the City that he might take his Measures accordingly For whatsoever Protestations of Friendship France at present makes to the Cantons Lewis the XIV had rather be their Soveraign then their Confederate that Monarch has a long time cast a Covetous Eye upon Bale and Geneva and had e're this been Master of 'em had not other Considerations kept him within Bounds and were he once Master of those Barricado's of Switzerland the rest would soon be expos'd to the Misfortune of lying fit for his Convenience He is a Fox but he has Lyon's Claws and he makes use of his Head to deceive the Catholick Cantons under the Specious Pretence of Propagating Catholicity but he reserves his Paws for the Protestant Cantons There is no question but that among the Switzers among whom there are some who have travell'd and seen the World there are to be found several Persons sufficiently quick-sighted Politick and such as understand how Things are carry'd 'T is not long since a Difference happen'd in the Canton of Glaris which France first kindl'd and fomented to the utmost of her Power but Innocent the XI quickly stifl'd it by his Wisdom and Piety I am convinc'd that those Persons are deeply sensible of the Affronts which France puts upon 'em from time to time and with what Scorn she treats their Embassadours the last of which were forc'd to return without being able to procure Audience of the King after sedulous Applications to Colbert Croisy Secretary of State for the Foreign Affairs But the more prudent sort of Switzers you 'll say would fain have the Lyon chain'd and his Claws par'd before they fall upon him To which I Answer That the Switzers may contribute very much toward the Chaining of the Lyon as furious as he seems to be and yet not openly declare themselves neither by demanding the dismantling of Huninghen and for want of so doing by recalling their Men out of France which compose the greatest part of the French Infantry and are the only Combatants well seconded by the Cavalry upon which the French depend for all their Success The King of France is now Convinc'd of the Value of the Switzers and so has been ever since Louvois's Ministry Formerly they were not well belov'd at Court nay they were contemn'd but since the Alteration of the Face of Affairs they are at present consider'd for the Benefit which France receives from 'em like Twins that are ty'd together and must dye together I must confess that the Establishment of the Swiss Regiments is worth some Money to that Nation and discharges the Country of abundance of idle lazy People but I 'll maintain it that the French Service is the Plague and Destruction of vast numbers of Young Men of Good Protestant Families that ruine themselves by the Debaucheries of Wine and Women which always terminates in a Revolt against their Religion and their Country Which would never happen if they serv'd the Protestant Princes The Court of France knows well that she cannot fasten an Officer of Quality to her Interests with a stronger Tye so as to make him absolutely forget his own Country then by the Change of his Religion And therefore she Labours underhand by means of the Women and Monks and those Snares take Effect with the greatest part that are attack'd by those Vermin as was seen by the Example of the Two Stoupa's Not to reckon the more Inferiour Sort all the Swiss Officers and Soldiers as well those that serve in France as those that are sent to the Mines in Sweden I look upon 'em equally lost both to their Families and their Country for they never return again unless they make their Escapes by some sort of Stratagem but it may be said that the Pleasure and Voluptuousness of France is so great that they are pleas'd with their Misfortune There they are bred and there they dye to make room for other New Commers who are Tempted thither like Young Pigeons with the smell of Roasted Dogs France has had no place from whence to supply her self during this War but the Swiss Cantons Some Seamen she may get indeed from the North but for Land-Soldiers of necessity it behoves her to caress and embrace the Helvetian Body without whose Assistance the French would never be able to bring such Numerous Armies into the Field And the Switzers are the Only Persons upon which the King of France may depend so long as he keeps his Word with 'em and that he pays 'em what he contracts for and what he promises Nor will they stand to the Losses of his enhauncing and re-inhauncing his Money They must have their Money pay'd according to the old value set down and agreed
upon in ther Contracts that is to say the Louidores at Eleven Livres and the White Crowns at Sixty Sols For the Switzers are thrifty Husbands and send a good part of their Pay to their Parents in Switzerland where there is no Variation of the Coin admitted Now it being so certain as I have already said that France stands in need of the Switzers in this Conjuncture this is the reason that the French Embassadour residing in Switzerland has Orders not to disgust 'em nor give 'em the least Subject of Complaint but in every Canton to caress all those in particular who have the best Interest and carry the greatest Sway on purpose to prevent 'em from entring into a more strict Alliance with the House of Austria the King of Great Britain and the State of the United Provinces For which reason it was that the French Minister us'd all his Power and Interest to stop the Levies which M. Cox the King of Great Britain's Envoy would have rais'd not long ago But if the Business did not then succeed France is beholding for it to the want of Management in those that understood not the right knack of dealing with the Switzers seeing afterwards others found the way to discover the forward Inclinations of that Nation toward the Confederates by the Levies that were made underhand which is a terrible Blow to France in regard that those new Regiments draw away a Great Number of their fellow Country-men out of the French Service especially the Protestants However we do not find that France dares to make any great noise about it moderating and restraining her Passion till a more propitious Opportunity but in regard the Cantons on the other side may be assur'd that she Barrels it up and that if at present they escape Scot-free yet whenever it lies in her Power France will never forget such heinous Provocations therefore 't is now the Switzers Interests to labour with the rest the humbling France now the Confederates are following her so close at the Heels For the Lower France is brought the more the French will caress the Switzers and seek their Assistance whereas in their Prosperity they slight and domineer over 'em and would utterly subdue 'em were it in the Power of the Court of France that resembles Fire or the Sea which never will acknowledge they have enough But at present the Policy of the Ministers prompts em as the wisest Course to temporize and to oppose whatever is transacted to the Prejudice of France rather by Remonstrances and Presents then by Force and Menaces As for the Turks they have been all along Enemies of Christ and the Christians because the Gospel destroys their Alcaron The Sultan takes upon him the Title of Musulman or Most Faithful as the King of France assumes the Title of Most Christian Yet we know that the Turkish Emperours have establish'd their Dominion by Cruelty only and that their Throne is soder d together with the Blood of a Great Number of Martyrs and an Infinite number of all sorts of People and Nations yet notwithstanding all this the Turk is at present the sole Refuge of France and she embraces him as her only Patron She is enter'd into a strict Alliance with the Ottoman Port furnishes him with Money Cannon and other Warlike Ammunition supplies him with Able and Expert Officers and Engineers to the great damage of the Christians And which was more pernicious the Policy of the Court of France exerted it self to that degree as to persuade the Turk to break the Truce with the Christians two Years before it came to be expir'd meerly to support the Rebellion of the Hungarians who according to the Opinion of the Ministers of France were to contribute toward the Ruine of the Empire and Emperour of the Christians Had the Bishop of Perefixe been living at this time he must have been forc'd to have recanted what he asserted in his History of Henry IV. where he says That the Valour of the French was made choice of by God to support the Christian Religion Seeing that the Court of France labours nothing more earnestly then to destroy the same Religion She never minds whether or no the Turks change the Churches into Mosquees or set up the Standard of Mahomet above the Cross of Christ provided her Monarch satisfie his Ambition and become Master of the Empire Tho' the Turks are People both Barbarous and altogether Infidels nevertheless they observe this Maxim never to abandon those that put themselves under their Protection and to keep their Words and Promises and this is one of the Points of their Law And therefore it is that they acknowledge that all the Misfortunes and Losses which they have sustain'd during this War have proceeded from their Breach of Faith and Truce And this it was which spurr'd 'em on about two Years ago to send their Envoys to Vienna with Offers of Peace to the Emperour Which hotly alarum'd the Court of France but she being Subtle and Crafty took an Occasion to insinuate into the Turks That they might continue the War without any Scruple of Conscience seeing they had offer'd Peace to the Emperour that he had refus'd it and continu'd his Hostilities against them That now the Turks were to look upon the War as purely defensive on their side and the French Embassadour at the Port understood so well by Considerable Presents to gain the Grand Mufti to his side who is the Oracle of the Ottoman Court and consulted in all Cases of Conscience that the Infidel Pontiff embrac'd the Franch Divinity and made it out to the Sultan and the People after the Return of the Envoys that they might continue the War without any scruple and that their Submission to the Christians was a sufficient Expiation for the Crime they had committed Nor is it a difficult thing to persuade the Turks to these Things who naturally hate the Christians and are easily induc'd to undertake their Destruction and so Self-interested as readily to yield to the Temptations of Presents Moreover their Extraordinary Inclination and their Interest to recover Hungary which they have lost persuades 'em without any Reluctancy to embrace the Proposals of the Court of France and to renew the League between 'em from time to time upon the Assurances Promises and Oaths of the French Embassadour that his Master will make no Peace with the Emperour wherein the Turk shall not be comprehended And yet all the World knows how earnestly the Ministers of France sollicit the Confederates to make a Peace without mentioning the Turk in the least and it was an Argument of the French at Rome to spur up the Pope that a Peace would give the Emperour great Advantages and strengthen him to carry on his Conquests to the very Walls of Constantinople for which France would not be a little Sorry But when these Projects of France were made known at the Ottoman Court and that the Grand Visier upbraided the Embassour with
Declaration which the Assembly of the Clergy made in the Year 1682. of their Opinions concerning Ecclesiastical Power at such a Conjuncture too when some of his Predecessours would rather have been banish'd to the Extremities of the Earth then have suffer'd so man New Converts He refus'd his Bulls to several Ecclesiasticks nominated by the King to supply the vacant Churches in his Kingdom The partial Behaviour of our Holy Father in reference to the Archbishoprick of Cologne his Resolute Refusal to acknowledge or give Audience to the King's Ambassadour at that Conjuncture but thundering out Anathema's against him and Interdicting him from St. Lewis's Church in Rome will perpetuate an Example almost Incredible to Posterity of the King's Zeal for Religion and his desire to preserve the Peace of Christendom and of the Pope's proceedings so contrary to the Obligations of the Place which he supplies Wherefore seeing His Holiness stops his Ears to all the King 's most just Complaints we are constrain'd at length to defend our selves and to maintain the Dignity of the Crown and the Repose of the King's Subjects by the Rules of Justice at a time that his majesty does the same with so much glory by the Puissance of his Armes Thereupon the King 's said Advocate-General having first obtain'd the King's permission declares That he is Appellant in the King's behalf and in behalf of all his Subjects to a Universal Council which His Holiness shall be pleas'd to call in due and Canonical Form c. Protesting in the mean time in the Name and by the Express Command of the King that 't is his Intention to remain inviolably devoted to the Holy See as the true Center of the Church's Unity c. And so soon as our Holy Father being better inform'd shall shew the Equity the Sentiments and Partiality of a Judge and common Father his Majesty will pay to his Person the same Filial Respect as he did before and from which nothing but the ill Conduct of his Holiness causes him to abstain After the Court of France had put these unheard-of Affronts upon the Holy See and thus debas'd the Authority of the Sovereign Pontiff instead of making use of those means which the Catholick Church and Councils have put into his Hands to bring back Princes and People to their Christian Duty the Pope out of a peculiar Fund of Charity and Piety contented himself with making appear to all the World the Justice of his Proceedings and the Injustice of the French Court declaring all along that he was perswaded that the Truth of Affairs had never been truly represented to the King of France only that the Artifices and Passions of those who are no Lovers of Peace had infus'd into him an Idea altogether different Otherwise that it was never to be believ'd that the King would have harbour'd in his Mind those Injurious Sentiments contain'd in Cardinal d'Estree's Letter his Holiness having never fail'd to shew himself a true Father to all Catholicks but more particularly to France who upon several Occasions had receiv'd various Testimonies of his Indulgence and Esteem but instead of being repay'd with Grateful Acknowledgement his Holiness had been expos'd to most heinous Injuries and Affronts not only offer'd to his Person but the Holy See by extending the Regale to above half the the Churches in France that are no way subject to it but by the Second General Council of Lion by prescription of almost 400 Years by the Testimonies and Evidences of Edicts of several Kings Decrees of Parliament and Registers of the Chamber of Accounts as also by the Opinion of the most celebrated French Lawyers ought to be exempted from it The Pope loudly complain'd of the Violence done to the Convents of the Carognes and Urbanistes and that only for applying themselves to the Holy See in Opposition to an Invasion of their Privileges and the Canonical Rules of their Orders which imports That Abbots and Superiours ought to be Elective and continue for three Years together In contempt of which the King had introduc'd Abbots of his own Nomination Besides the Rending away of Five Abbies without the consent of the Apostolick See to erect a Commandery and applying to Other uses the Revenues possess'd by several Monks and Nuns according to the Will of the Donours But that which was more enormous was the King's Prohibiting the Bishops to have any Recourse to the Pope according to their Duty and the Custom of all Times to ask his Counsel in matter of Religion as also in reference to what concern'd Prince Clement of Bavaria tho' in granting him the Eligibility for three Churches that were Legally possess'd by the deceas'd Electour of Cologne all Christendom saw that the Pope had no other Aim then the Publick Good For besides the high Value which it behov'd him to have for that Illustrious House the Merits of the Electour his Brother who had so gloriously defended Christendom against the Invasion of the Turks his Holiness had done nothing in that particular but only imitated the Liberality of his Predecessours who conferr'd the like and greater Favours also upon Persons much Inferiour in Birth Age and Merit then Prince Clement and that too at the Request of the Kings of France And for the Bull granted to Prince Clement the Pope could not be accus'd of any Injustice for so doing since that Affair was exactly and seriously examin'd in a Consistorial Congregation at Rome Besides that the King of France had neither any Reason nor Right to intermeddle in that Affair since it was a Business that only related to a German Archbishoprick and an Electour of the Empire which no way concern'd France either directly or indirectly but the Pope only in respect of Apostolick Confirmation and the Emperour as to the Investiture of the Pincipality in admitting him into the Electoral College to which belongs the Right of Electing a new Emperour and which has a very great Sway in managing the Affairs of the whole Empire So that the Pretence for War which France lays hold on from the Proceedings at Cologne is to be imputed to the King's Passion and his own Interest After what past in the Assembly of some Part of the Clergy at Paris where among other things the King caus'd the Regale to be adjudg'd his Right notwithstanding the Appeal of the Bishops of Alets and Pamise to the Pope and the Propositions so injurious to the Apostolick See supported by Royal Edicts enjoyning every Body to receive and publickly profess and teach 'em in such a manner as was never yet practis'd His Holiness had great Reason to refuse his Bulls to the Ecclesiasticks nominated by the King to supply the vacant Bishopricks because they were present at the said Assembly of 1682. and there openly declar'd themselves Enemies of the Apostolick See and for that the Canon Law and the Agreement made with France that the Pope should be judge of the Capacity of the Persons nominated prove moreover