those Decrees of doubtful Authority and do endeavour to restrain their Obligations only to a certain time of Schism and to invalidate the present Power thereof III. Hence it is that the third exercise of the Apostolical Power is to be regulated by Canons established by the Spirit of God and thereunto all the World is to bear Respect and Reverence likewise the Rules Manners and Institutions received by the Kingdom and Church of France as also the Customs of our Fore-fathers are to remain unalterable the which is a clear Demonstration of the greatness of the Apostolical See that the Statutes and Ordinances thereof are established and confirmed by and with the consent of the Churches IV. In Questions of Faith the Pope is chief Judge and his Decrees extend themselves to the Churches in general and to every one in particular nor can his Judgment be repealed unless by the consent and determination of the Universal Church V. These Particulars received from the Doctrin of our Fore-fathers we have by the Inspiration of the Holy Ghost Decreed to send unto all the Gallican Churches and the Bishops residing over them and we do all concur in the same Sense and Meaning of them Subscribed by Archbishops and Bishops and Clergy as before related and Registred as required by the Kings Attorney General March 23. 1681 2. The French King used all means to gain this point of the Pope and thinking that the very bruit of any part of his Army marching into Italy might have a considerable Influence he sent a Protestant General Marshal Schomberg with an Army into Italy and the Fourth of October 1681. he entred Cazal The pretence was That the French King had bought that place of one of the Duke of Mantua's Ministers for three Millions which the Duke disown'd as done without his privity and would not receive the Mony and the Pope and all Italy by fortifying this place and several other apparent Designs of the French King were frequently Alarm'd so that in 1687. his Holiness durst not send his Gallies to assist the Venetians but was put to the charge of raising Forces for his Security The King caused the Declaration of the Clergy and his Edict for conforming it to be registred both in the Chamber of Accounts in France and in the Sorbonne without the Doctors Assent who shew'd their resentment of it and therefore the Parliament of Paris summoned twelve of the Doctors before them and gave them a sharp Reprimand and in June 1682. the King commanded several of the Doctors of the Sorbonne to leave the Society and repair to certain places distant which he appointed He also sent several of the Clergy to the Bastile who had spoke or wrote freely on this occasion The Pope was not idle in the mean time In January 1681. he did by several Briefs require the Jesuits to expel Father Maimburg a French Jesuit out of their Society for having wrote a Book offensive to his Holiness but the King took him into his protection In April 1682. He sent a Decree to the Carmelites at Paris to suspend one of their Members for publishing certain Theses Offensive to the Court of Rome which they performed but the Parliament of Paris commanded the Prior to take off the Suspension and forbad all the Religious Orders to execute any Mandates Letters or Orders which did not concern the internal Ordinary Discipline of their Convents The Assembly at Paris wrote to the Pope the third of February 1682. in unpleasing Terms touching the Regalia And the Pope by his Brief of April the 6th 1682. directed to his Venerable Brethren the Archbishops Bishops c. assembled at Paris check'd them for their Letter and argued his Cause in answer to theirs and reproved them for departing from their Rights and lastly rescinded and annull'd what had been done in their Assembly in the Affair of the Regale and withal excommunicated the Archbishop of Tholouse The Clergy of France before this Brief was made publick to them May the 6th made their Protestation against several Letters that the Pope had wrote into France to the Bishop of Pamiers c. and against all Acts done thereupon and were considering of ordaining that no Appeals should be made to Rome and of setting up a Patriarch of their own Hereupon the Pope sent a Bull of Excommunication of the Deputies of the Clergy of France to be published in their Assembly which the King having notice of stopt their meeting and a little after commanded them to repair to their several Charges and on the Doctors of the Sorbonne's Petition to the Parliament they are restor'd and order'd to give their Opinion on the Propositions of the Clergy wherein they spent much time even to May 1683. and still continued divided in their Opinions Cardinal D'Estree had spent his time in vain at Rome prevailing nothing upon the Pope In the Assembly before they separated the Archbishop of Paris offered several Proposals to accommodate the matter between the Pope and his Eldest Son which with many other things were debated upon 1. That those to whom the King in right of his Regalia shall give any Ecclestical Benifices shall in the Vacancy of the Sees have Approbation and Mission from the Vicars General 2. That the Chapters that are in possession of bestowing Prebends and other Dignities shall as formerly dispose of them in the Vacancy of the See 3. That in those Vacancies where the Collation is alternative between Bishops and the Chapters the same shall be observed during the Vacancies of the Sees that are under the Regality the King having the turn which the Bishops should have had 4. That where the Bishop joyntly with the Chapter disposes of the Prebends the King may in the Vacancy of the See appoint a Commissioner who shall have the same power and place in the Chapter as the Bishop had In January 1682. The French King order'd the Sieur Prior to visit the Monasteries c. where any Divinity Schools are kept and to require the Professors to teach the Propositions of the Clergy in their Assemblies several Books also were seized in France which asserted the Popes Authority and divers Ecclesiasticks and others suspected to be concerned therein were imprisoned thereupon and the Abbot of Meuard was committed to the Bastile for holding correspondence with some persons at Rome After this the French Kings Superintendant forbad the Professors of Divinity at Doway to teach or exercise their Functions because they had refus'd to subscribe the Propositions of the Clergy which so dissatisfied the Pope that the Bulls for confirmation of several Persons nominated by the King to Vacancies were not dispatched tho they were such as the Pope had no pretence against and as to the Abbot of Maupeau whom the King had named to be Bishop of Gastres he absolutely refus'd his Bull because he had signed the Declaration of the Clergy The Pope sent to divers Princes desiring them to cause their Clergy to assemble and
to satisfie themselves with the honour thereof without pay Yet intending to do such things that would render himself obnoxious to ill Men he encreas'd his number of Archers wherein he took all the care he could to have such Men listed as were discreet and sober not given to quarrels or apt to commit Insolencies as the Corsi had done in Pope Alexander VII time which gave him great trouble for upon affronting the French Kings Embassador he sent an Army into Italy which oblig'd that Pope to disband them and erect a Pillar with an Inscription of their Banishment and for what Cause In the next place for due administration of Justice that Criminals might no longer secure themselves in priviledg'd places which were many and very large and for long time had been the common shelters of Villains and the worst of Men he would not allow such places for the future to be Sanctuaries tho they were the Houses of Ambassadors and great Princes in Rome and in pursuance thereof caused a famous Bandito to be seized at Riccia a Seat of the Prince Chigi which was done without any opposition tho afterward the French and this Pope had great contests about it The Pope also confirmed the seventeen Articles which were signed in the Conclave of Cardinals a little before the time of the Election which other Popes in the like case have failed to do These for the most part tended to a Reformation of Manners and to amendment of those abuses which were crept into the Church That himself might be a pattern of Temperance and Sobriety he retrencht the expences of his House and lived so frugally that his own Table diet exceeded not five shillings a meal he reproved the vanity of the Cardinals in their fine Cloaths and Liveries and outward Gaities not becoming the gravity of Men of their Order contrary to other Popes who labour'd to dignifie 'em with honours And because the Corruption of the Church as it began so continued by ill Men's being in it who were commonly preferr'd by Friendship or Mony and not for deserts he appointed four Cardinals and four other Clergy-men to examine the Lives and Manners of such who aspired to the Degree of Bishops ordering them to admit none thereto suspected or in the lest blemished with ill Fame or debauched Conversation or taxed with Ignorance And to shew his dislike of such debaucheries and prevent Temptations he drove out of Rome the Curtesans and Strumpets and persons openly Scandalous and Dissolute in their Manners and Behaviour and in particular banisht a Gentleman of Quality into Germany for endeavouring to ravish a Lady He put down Gaming-Houses and forbad all lewd and unlawful Assemblies wherefore those sort of Men did account this Popes reign but a dull time and were weary of it long before it expir'd Tho in truth Conversation hath been free and unlimited for tho at Rome there is no Printed News yet in the Anti-chambers of Cardinals Ambassadors Princes and particularly at the Queen of Swedens all the News of Europe was usually discours'd not without animadversions or reflections upon it And tho Learning be not much in Vogue there yet those that would apply themselves to it might meet with no discouragements and a general outward Civility according to the Italian way was practis'd over the City and strangers kindly receiv'd being not obnoxious in their Speeches so that they may live there without any molestation and discourse freely enough of any thing that is the common subject of Civil Conversation And for the rights and properties of the meaner people in regard the Barons of Rome by the priviledge of their Nobility were above the reach of their Creditors the Pope ordered Cardinal Cibo to take an account of such Creditors as would bring it in what any of these priviledg'd persons owed them and to pay their dues out of the Chamber causing such persons to assign the Debts due to them to the Chamber which could better deal with them by proceedings out of the Exchequer Many have accounted him Covetous and one that made it his buisness to heap up Wealth and probably there might be more reason to lay that to his charge rather than other vices and one thing they take notice of is That he hath not rais'd any publick Structure or Building for the glory of the City as other Popes have done who advancing their Families at publick expence if not oppression were willing to do somthing of that Nature to stop the Peoples Mouths or else for vain-glory and to perpetuate their memories to Posterity But this Pope found the Chamber greatly in debt by the ill management of affairs before him and also did not know what occasion he might have to defend his Dominions if the Turk had prevail'd at Vienna or the French King should have invaded a people long accustomed to ease and luxury But he hath parted with great store of Mony to carry on the War against the Turk And one particular Act of generosity in this first year of his Reign is observable Christina Queen of Sweden having the greatest part of her Revenue from Sweden stopt through the necessities of the Times the Pope in recompence thereof for her comfortable livelyhood allowed her a Pension of 3000 l. per Annum Having done these things at home he now looks abroad and considering the Turk as the Common Enemy of Christendom he writes Letters to the Emperor the Kings of France and Spain to be at Peace offering himself for Mediator and to assist in it in Person provided the place appointed for the Treaty were some City of the Catholick Religion and animated the King of Poland to continue his War against the Turk for the recovery of Kaminiec and to be reveng'd on the Vizier Kuperlee for taking Contribution from the City of Leopolis and remitted to him the Sum of 50000 Crowns to assist him therein 1677. Whilst the Pope labour'd for Peace abroad the better to repose himself and advance the Affairs of the Church which never have thriven in War unless in some Cases to divert War from Italy the Popes have been incendiaries to raise it in others places and thereby may be said to get advantage I say while he labour'd for Peace among others those very persons whose good he design'd thereby did make but an ill requital tho no advantage could accrue to some of them The first accident that had like to set Rome in a Tumult was this The King of Spains Embassador without the Popes leave pretending the French for his Example knowing his Master wanted Soldiers in Sicily adventured to make some levies of Men at Rome People knowing the hardship his Soldiers used to endure came in slowly to list themselves and a rumour was spread that he had hid Men in Cellars which getting wind among the Vulgar glad of a pretence to be tumultuous and egg'd on by a secret malice they had entertain'd against that Nation they affronted them in all
places which ended sometimes in scuffles and fightings so that several were kill'd and some wounded against such a torrent there was no resistance to be made by a few Spaniards but they were forced to retire and keep close The Pope used severity against such as were found guilty of these Riots tho the Spaniards not thinking that sufficient satisfaction refused or durst not appear at Court and the Vice-Roy of Naples refused to give Audience to the Popes Nuntio there without any colour or ground The Pope was hereat disturbed and in pursuing of his Decree for depriving all places and persons of the priviledge of harbouring Outlaws and Criminals he publishd an Edict forbidding all Persons to affix the Arms of any Ambassador Prince or Noble Man over their Shops looking upon it as a Mark or Sign that they had renounced his Protection and put themselves under the Persons whose Arms they had so affixed and declared he would Govern at Rome as other Princes did in their Dominions This his courage and resolution surprized many who thought it as indeed it was no small thing to take away that which had been allow'd by his Predecessors wherein were so many great Persons concern'd besides the incensing of those Desperadoes who were hereby covered from Justice The Circumstances of the Spaniard would not admit him to contend but desires Audience which the Pope denies till his Nuntio were heard at Naples which being done and the Spaniard desiring by Letter that his Ambassador might have Audience on some emergent Occasion at the perswasion of Cardinals Cibo and Barbarino it was at last granted and the Ambassador departed well satisfy'd with the proceedings of the Court. And this had better issue for Rome than the contest between Paul V. and the Venetians for he intending to make all Kingdoms truckle to him begins with the States of Venice who he thought would not stand upon Points of honour as Crowned Heads might do but he took wrong measures for neither his Spiritual nor Temporal weapons could bring them to recede from their rights and so with shame he desisted The Contests between Popes and Princes have been the troubles of the Court and City of Rome but tho this Pope hath had some share in them yet he hath held his own without War or Bloodshed And it was no mean concern to enter the lists with one that then appear'd and ever since until now the greatest Monarch in Europe I mean the French King who stil'd himself Lewis le Grand The Contest was about the Regalia wherein I shall follow Sir Paul Rycaut's History of this matter who hath for the most part extracted it from the now Bishop of Sarum's tract on that Subject so far as he carries it The point of the Regalia had been an ancient dispute for many Ages in France which was in some sort determined in the Year 1431. by the Council of Basil where it was ordained that Cathedral Churches and others should have a freedom of Elections This afterwards was confirmed by a general Assembly of French Clergy at Bourges and address'd to King Charles the Seventh desiring him to protect that Council At that time the Council of Basil sent to the King an Abstract of their Decrees consisting of Thirty Seven Articles by which Decennial Councils and the Authority of the Councils above the Pope was established c. together with an Abstract of the Decree they had made concerning Elections All which were considered at that Assembly at Bourges where the Dauphin and the chief Nobility of France were present and by their Advice the famous Pragmatick Sanction was made in Confirmation of those Articles which was observed during the Reign of Charles the Seventh But Lewis the Eleventh esteeming it the Interest of France to maintain a good correspondency with the Pope was inclinable to wave the advantage of this Sanction In the beginning of Charles VIII an Assembly of States being called at Tours the Third Estate petition'd that the Pragmatick Sanction might be again renewed and confirmed calling those which were preferred by the Court Court-Bishops so it was again put into force and practice much to the displeasure of the Pope notwithstanding which Lewis XII made a perpetual Edict in confirmation of it Francis I. succeeding to the Crown and having vast Designs in Italy thought it not his Interest to stand at a distance with the Pope and therefore was willing to treat with him about the Abolition of the Pragmatick Sanction on such terms as might reconcile his own Prerogative with the Popes Authority This Design occasion'd an Interview between the King and Pope at Bologna and thence the Concordat was produced which was afterward put into the form of a Bull and confirmed by the Council of Lateran The Sum of which was The King and the Pope agreed to divide the Promotion to all Prelacies between them for the King was to nominate the Person within Six Months after a Vacancy and the Pope was to confirm him if no lawful exception did lie against him When the Emperors were low by adverse Fortune the Popes forced them to be beholding to them and not without some far-fetch'd Notion would make advantage for themselves and sometimes Emperors and Princes have retaliated the like measure to Popes Lewis XIV in the year 1673. being high and Prosperous in his Fortune resolved to put a Period to the Process for the Regale which had continued near Thirty years and made this Declaration That the King had Right of Regale in all his Dominions except only in those Sees that had purchased their Exemption from it And therefore all Bishops who had not yet Registred their Oaths of Fidelity in the Chamber of Accounts were required to do it and to take out a Writ upon it for closing the Regale otherwise their Bishopricks were still to be looked upon as under it All the Bishops of France unwilling to incur the Displeasure of their successful Monarch submitted excepting the Bishops of Alet and Pamiers It was now under the Reign of Clement X an old doting Pope who committed the management of the Pontificate to Altieri a Person from his beginning distastful to the Court of France This was the time for France to move the Pope who knew not his own Interest and Altieri was not able to contend in so litigious a case against so powerful a Prince In January 1676. The Kings Right was claimed in disposal of the Deanry of Alet the Dispute was left to the Bishops to maintain neither the Pope nor his Cardinals taking cognizance of it This Pope dying in August following left the Contest to our Innocent XI more able to maintain it than his Predecessor Another Case also happened one Pawcet was provided in right of the Regale to be Arch-Deacon of Pamiers but was rejected by the Bishop and Chapter howsoever the Regale prevailed for the Archbishop of Tholouse gave Judgment in favour of the Regalist but on the contrary the Bishop
and Nature for the Title prefixt to the Decree for condemning these Propositions runs thus The Decree of our most holy Lord Innocent the XI by Divine Providence Pope by which he hath condemned 65 Propositions of Casuists as at least scandalous and pernicious in practice and hath forbidden the defending and publishing of them by any one under the pain of Excommunication ipso facto and that to be reserved to the Holy Apostolical See This Decree was publisht at Rome in the usual places on the 4th of March 1679. by Francis Perin Cursor to the Pope and Court of Inquisition In December 1682 an Imperial Envoy arrived at Rome to give the Pope an account that the Turks were making very great preparations for a War in Hungary the Pope very readily gave assurance of his Assistance both against the Turks and Count Teckeley who had been some time in Arms in Upper-Hungary and January the 8th a Congregation was held to consider of the best way to give assistance to the Emperor and resolved That the Tenths of all Ecclesiastical Benefices in Italy and Spain and where the Popes Power is acknowledged except in France shall be employed for carrying on this War and in the mean time for present Occasion remitted 200000 Crowns to the Emperor at Vienna He also wrote to the French King to agree the Differences with his Neighbours and assist against the Turks and the French King's Envoy at Vienna declared his Master desired a lasting Peace between him and the Emperor and that he would be ready to assist with his Forces against the Turks But at the same time a Domestick of the Envoy's was found to have Correspondence with Count Teckeley and secur'd the French Troops had about a year before forced in upon the Magistrates and seiz'd Strasburgh which he refused to re-deliver And the French King both now and for some time after so alarm'd the German princes that they could not assist the Emperor promoting in many ways the Turks Invasion of the Empire and assisting Teckeley with Money This last the Pope charged him with and urged it as one ground for his displeasure when the Disputes were about the Regale which suspicion the King endeavoured to remove though with little satisfaction to the Pope And since it will be my part to give an account of the large Assistances the Pope gave both to the Emperor the King of Polâ—nd and the Venetians in carrying on the War it will not be impertinent to give yearly a short account of the Success that ensued thereupon The Turk published his Declaration of War against the Emperor containing many Blasphemous Reproaches of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ which in the Consequence was the occasion of his own Deposing though by his own Soldiers May the 8th 1683 his Holiness had an account that according to his desire the King of Poland had entred into League with the Emperor for assisting in the War which was to be Sworn to by each of their Cardinal Protectors at Rome for every Prince and State that own the Pope for their Head hath a Cardinal at Rome who joyns with his Ambassador if there be any residing there or else alone to take care of the Affairs of that Country at Rome and is call'd the Protector of such a Realm or State Cardinal Pio was for the Empire and Barbarin for the King of Poland In June the Pope sent to the States of Venice to persuade them to enter into the same League with all the Encouragements he was able In the latter end of July this year the Turks besieged Vienna much sooner than was expected the Emperor Court and many Inhabitants speeded out of it almost surprized Count Staremberg the Governor made a very brave Defence notwithstanding the many violent Assaults of the Turks and before Relief came kill'd near 20000 of them The Duke of Lorraine lay with the Emperor's Forces not far off expecting the King of Poland and other Succors to raise the Siege the Turks therefore sent a Body of 15000 Turks and Tartars against him but he kept his Ground killing many of them and foreing the rest to return to their Camp General Dunewald possessed himself of a considerable Post on the Forest near Vienna which if the Turks had been possessed of it might have been difficult for the Christian Armies to have joyn'd September the 9th the King of Poland with his Army and and other Forces came and the whole Christian Army amounted to 64400 fighting Men. On the 12th of September they attack'd the Turks in their Camp and in a short time totally routed them the Turkish Horse fled and there were about 25000 Foot kill'd in the Camp their Baggage two millions of Money 60000 Tents and vast Riches were taken the Garison was brought to its last extremity their Bombs being spent many Cannons burst the Turks were lodg'd in their Ditches so that the Shot from the Garison could not annoy them and the Soldiers within were reduced brought from 15000 to 5000 these sallied out and assisted at the Fight also It was said the Turk lost during the Siege and at the raising 70000 Men. The Christians Chiefs at this Battle were the King of Poland the Electors of Saxony and Bavaria the Duke of Lorraine Prince Waldeek two Princes of Baden Prince D'Anhalt Duke of Croy Prince de Salme Margrave of Brandenburgh the Landgrave of Hess the Prince of Hanouer two Princes of Newburg four Princes of the House of Saxony three Princes of Wirtemberg the Prince of Hobenzeller c. In May this year the Emperor sent to the Pope to desire to grant him the Tenths of the Ecclesiasticks in the Hereditary Countries and for leave to turn Church-Plate into Money towards carrying on the War against the Turks The Pope for the present returned Answer That he would see the War first begun But in August following he called a Congregation and it was resolv'd that a Tax after the Rate of 6 l. per Cent. should be laid on all the Ecclesiastical Revenue per Annum for 10 years in Italy and that the Emperor might renew the Imposition of One pound per Centum upon the Clergy in the Hereditary Countreys for the War The King of Spain in Answer to the Popes Request sent One hundred and seventy thousand Crowns to the Emperor on the same account In November the Pope having notice of the taking of Gran by the Duke of Lorrain receiv'd it with Joy and remitted Money to his Nuncio at Lintz for the Emperors use and sent 30000 Crowns to the Vice-Roy of Croatia to encourage and enable him to assist in the War And being desirous to have the War carried on effectually he not only renew'd his Perswasions to the Venetians to enter into the League offering them the Tenths of the Ecclesiasticks within their Dominions for their assistance but labour'd a Peace between France and Spain and the Empire and was very much troubled he could not effect it then In February
the Venetians entred into League for six years with the Pope the Emperor and the King of Poland to join in War against the Turk and that no Truce or Peace should be Treated of or Concluded with the Turks but by joint Consent By this the Pope engaged himself to pay the Venetians 50 thousand Crowns a month and to maintain six Galleys at Sea during the War The Pope hereupon borrowed 3 millions of Crowns of the States of Genoua This year died Cardinal Caesar Fachenetti and also Cardinal Arch-Bishop of Bologne whereby 21 places were vacant in the Colledge of Cardinals In April 1683 the Pope sent his Brief to France wherein he consents that the Revenues of the Abbies of St. Denis and St. German shall be employed towards the maintenance and for the use of the New-Converts in France The Dauphiness having been last year deliver'd of a Son Created Duke of Burgundy the Pope was desired to be Godfather which he consented unto and promised to send some Blest Clouts for the Child but this was delay'd from time to time until May the 3d 1683 and then the Bishop of Fano was sent as Nuncio Extraordinary with the Present When he landed he was forbid to come to the Court or Paris but ordered to stay at Orleans until the King returned from Alsace which he did so that it was the 22d of July before he could have private Audience of the King 1684. For the carrying on the War this year against the Turks the Pope sent the King of Peland 300 thousand Crowns and a considerable Sum to the Cossacks to encourage them to join with the said King To the Emperor he sent 100 thousand Crowns and also granted the States of Venice the Tenths of all Ecclesiastical Revenues within their Dominions And June the 5th the Popes Nuncio by his Order distributed 200 thousand Florius the one half for such Hungarians as had forsaken Count Teckeley the other half for a Field Hospital for sick and wounded Soldiers He sent also his Galleys to assist the Venetians in the Levant August the 26th the Venetian Ambassador gave the Pope an account that they had this Summer taken the Island of Sancta Maura and what Councils were agitated for further Designs whereat the Pope much rejoyced and told him that his Galleys should Winter in some convenient Port in the Adriatick to be ready to join theirs the sooner next year but in the beginning of December they arrived at Civita Veccbia not being able to Winter abroad without Recruits having lost in this years Expedition 100 Soldiers and 200 Seamen and Slaves They took this year also Prevesa from the Turks In September the Pope sent another Supply of Money to his Nuncio at Vienna to be employed in the War the Emperor having sent several times Auxilliaries to his Army that had besieged Buda which was most vigorously defended by the Garison notwithstanding the many Assaults and violent Attempts made by the Dukes of Lorrain and Bavaria with the loss of many Men on both sides They continued the Siege although the Sarasquier with a potent Army of the Turks had attempted several times to raise it until November when in regard of the Season of the year loss of 12 or 14 thousand Men and near 8000 sick and wounded and the Serasquier continuing so near the Camp as to hinder their Foraging they were forced to raise it and put the Foot in Boats on the Danube while the Horse stood in Battalia lest the Turks should attempt them and so carried off their Men and Artillery without the loss of a Man However the Emperors Forces in Upper Hungary made some progress by beating some small Parties and taking in some Fortresses The King of Poland appear'd with his Army in the Tartars Territories but return'd without doing any thing considerable On a Letter from the French King to desire it the Pope granted a Dispensation for a Marriage between the Duke of Savoy and Madamoiselle and in August the Popes Nuncio had Audience of the same King touching the business of the Regale and after presented the King from the Pope with a Sable set with Diamonds and Pearl and to the Queen a Rose of Diamonds of great value for he took all occasions to be obliging and respective to the King save wherein he thought the Rights of the Romish Church were concern'd or his own Government and therein he would never notwithstanding many applications be brought to yield in the least In October a certain Printer was taken out of the French Ambassadors Quarter which he as others claimed as Franchises exempt from the Popes Officers of which the Ambassador complain'd and declared he would not go to Court until the Printer were restor'd to his liberty nevertheless the Pope continued him in Prison till he had sufficiently suffer'd for his Offence In December at the Request of the Ambassador for the Republick of Venice the Pope gave leave to that State to buy Corn in his Territories so willing was the Pope to advance the War for in yielding thereto he lost his Income that he should have received for so much as they bought which was very considerable as will better appear by the great Imposition that lies upon all Corn that grows in St. Peters Patrimony of which it cannot be impertinent to give this short account Donna Olimpia who rul'd the Church and State of Rome during the greatest part of the Pontisicat of Innocent the Tenth began this Tax or Impost on Corn and all the Popes who have Reigned since have found so great advantage by it that it hath been still continued and it is at present a very considerable part of the Ecclesiastical Revenne The Substance of the Law or Ordinance is this That no Person whatsoever is suffered to sell Corn to any Strangers but all those that raise any are obliged to sell it at a price certain to the Ecclesiastical Chamber which is not above one moiety of the real value and then the Chamber sells it again at double the price and at a lesser measure so that what comes in at 5 Shillings is sold out at 12 Shillings In the Popes Dominions there is no Person either in City or Country who is permitted to make his own Bread but every one is obliged to buy it of the Bakers who are appointed by the Chamber In each Village there is but one Baker establisht in Rome and the great Cities are several They are all obliged to buy a certain quantity of Corn of the Ecclesiastical Chamber for one whole year to come which they pay for at the delivery of the Corn at the Rate of ten Crowns the Salme or Measure whereas the Chamber bought it in of the Owners for 5 Crowns the large measure and although the Bakers may not have vended all they were obliged to take in the year before yet must they take out the like quantity again and return what they had spare at 5 Crowns the Salme into the
and when he had got such a quantity as might serve for a necessary Circulation he call'd in the old Money and gave out new of full weight according to the Sums that he received of the old light Money not respecting its weight or real Value This Year in Sept. the Pope receiv'd the welcome News that he had succeeded in his endeavours for an Agreement betwixt the Emperor King of Spain Princes of the Empire and the French King whereby he had hopes the War against the Turk would be carried on the better which did succeed accordingly He had also another pacifick work to do at this time which he earnestly laid his hands to which was to compose the Breach between the French King and the States of Genoua and since the Pope was concern'd in it what he obtain'd will not well appear unless there be a short Narration of the concern in which he engaged himself In May the 17th this year without any apparent discord or demand of any thing the French King sent Men and Ships well provided before Genoua and after the usual salutes of Friendship between the French Ships and the Fort the States sent six Deputies to complement the Admiral and to know the occasion of their being come thither who answered That their King was not well pleased with the conduct of the States and that he required them to quit the Protection of Spain and joyn four new Galleys they had built to the French Fleet and allow the French to have a Magazine for Salt in Genoua and to send four Senators on board their Admiral to ask their Kings Pardon c. These demands without any colour of right did not a little surprize the Senators but necessitated them to send in answer that if they did not draw off they should give orders to their Fort to fire upon them and after two hours expectation of their going off when they did it not the Fort by order of the Senate first fir'd Powder only and a ter with Ball which was presently return'd from 10 Galleys of the French that continued in their Post with shooting Bombs into the City day and night untill the 28th of May and then they made a descent both on the East and West side of the City but being beaten back they return'd to their Ships with the loss of 200 men slain and 32 taken prisoners and thus with their own cost and damage and no manner of advantage more then damaging others they went off to Sea tho' at their departure they threaten'd a return It was reckon'd that in this time they had often shot 130 Bombs in one Night and in the whole 14000. of which about 2000 might break in the Air and 4000 fall short in the Sea So that about 8000 might do Execution the Dukes Palace was quite beaten down and both he and the Senators forced to remove It was accounted that the City within the outermost wall 25000 Houses whereof not less than 500 were broken down or spoil'd tho' there was not above 120 persons kill'd by the Bombs or fall of Houses some of these Bombs were shot two Miles and weighed 150 English pound weight and 57 pound weight of Charge The Pope made application in their behalf to the French King and in the Truce lately made between that King and Spain Genoua was comprehended saving that the French King would reserve liberty to procure satisfaction of the Republick of Genoua and in September following the French Fleet came before it again but the Sea proved then so boisterous that the Ships could not ride at Anchor and were forced to put off to Sea and afterwards they appear'd before it but put off a second time the Senate sent thereupon to desire the Popes further Mediation in their behalf which he willingly embrac'd and sent a Courier to his Nuntio in the French Court to know what the King yet demanded and in October he held a Congregation of Cardinals to Consider of the affairs of Genoua at which time the Courier return'd with Letters to the Pope and the French Ambassador at Rome purporting that the French King expected that the Senate should send the Doge or Duke and four Senators to France to ask the Kings Pardon After several Messages by the Popes mediation not without great reluctancy of the States of Genoua an Agreement is made and the 12th of February 1684. these Articles were signed viz. That the Doge and four Senators shall repair to some place in France before the 10th of April next following whence they shall continue their Journey to the place where the King is and being admitted unto Audience in their Robes of Ceremony the Doge shall in the name of the Republick declare their great regret for having displeas'd his Majesty and shall use such other submissive and respective Expressions as may best manifest the sincere desire the Republick has to deserve for the future his Majesties kindness That on their return to Genoua they shall re-enter on the exercise of their respective places and functions That the Republick shall dismiss within a Month the Spanish Troops which they have received into any of their places and do by the present Treaty renounce all Leagues and Associations made since the first of January 1683 That the Republick shall reduce their Galleys to the same Number they were three years agone and shall disarm those they have sitted out since That the Republick shall restore what can be found remaining of the effects taken from the French and his Majesty in lieu of other reparations for the losses sustained by his Subjects is content the Genoueses shall give such a sum of Money as the Pope shall think fit for repairing Churches and Convents at Genoua that were ruin'd or damnify'd by the Bombs c. That the Republick shall pay 100 thousand Crowns to the Count de Fisque but without prejudicing the reasons they have against the said Count and his Majesty promises that he will not support with his Arms c. the Pretention of the said Count but will leave them to be decided by the methods of Justice the King will give the Doge and Senators such favourable reception as may satisfy them of the return of his Royal kindness and after they have perform'd the Function they were sent for they may return to Genoua His Majesty declaring that no other conditions or demands shall be imposed upon them but such as are agreed by this Treaty all Acts of Hostility to cease in a Month and all Prisoners to be set at Liberty In April 1685. the Doge and Senators came to Paris according to the abovesaid Articles 1685. March the 29th the Popes Nuntio had Audience at the Dyet in Poland wherein he did in the Popes name exhort them to a vigorous prosecution of the War against the Turks promising considerable supplys of Money from his Holiness for that service and the Pope himself assur'd Cardinal Cibo that he would continue his assistance
to the Emperour In June the Popes Galleys joyned the Venetian Fleet near Corfu and about August they took Coron a very considerable place in the Morea and in the end of the year the Venetian Envoy gave the Pope an account of the good success that their Fleet and Army had this year had in gaining ground of the Turks in the Morea to his great satisfaction and in November the Popes Galleys return'd home to Civita Vecchia without any considerable detriment The Duke of Lorrain with the Imperial Army went on prosperously in Hungary and took the strong Town of Newheusel from the Turk which had been in a manner blockt up near twelve months and also obtained a very considerable Victory over the Turkish Army who had besieged the Imperial Garison of Gran to make a diversion The King of Poland made a great appearance this year but did little it was suppos'd the French Kings Money overweigh'd the Popes The Republick of Venice named four persons to the Pope for his Holiness to choose one out of them to fill the place of the Auditor of the Rota vacant by the death of Signior Palucci that place being always held by a Venetian In September Cardinal Paulo Savelli de Montalio dyed at Rome in the 63d year of his Age and 20th of his Cardinalship whereby there became 27 vacant places in the Colledge of Cardinals The Pope to encourage brave undertakings against the Turk advanced one Dunstar an Englishman to be Lieutenant of his Guards as a reward or shewing his Valour lately at the siege of Coron occasion'd by a lusty Turk who came forth out of the Garison brandishing his Scymiter and Goliah like sent a bold Challenge to the Venetian General that he was there ready to fight any single man of his whole Army for several hours none durst undertake the Combat till it coming to the Ears of this Dunstar whole pay was but 6 d. a day he acquainted his Captain that he would embrace it and being brought before the General Morosini he enquir'd of his name and Country who told him that he was an Englishman bred up near the Bear-Garden in Southwark the General commended his resolution and so he went forth with a good Backsword in his hand and engaged the Turk who with his Scymiter made a stroke to cut off Dunstar's head but he warded off the blow and gave the Turk a cut on the Hamstring which enrag'd him greatly and at a second blow brought him down to the ground and then cut off his head searched his bosom which the Turks use as a Pocket and found 200 Chequins and some Jewels the Hilt of his Scymiter was set with precious Stones the Conquerour bore them all off and presented them with the Turks head at his Generals feet who only accepted the head and gave him the rest with a reward suitable to his Merit and afterwards his Captain presented him to the Pope with a relation of his Exploit upon which he was advanced as aforesaid November the 21. Things being a little quiet betwixt the Pope and French King his Ambassador at last had Audience of his Holiness acquainting him that the King his Master had resolv'd to refer to his Arbitrement with the approbation of the Duke and Dutchess of Orleans the pretensions the Dutchess had by the death of her late Brother the Elector Palatine to certain Lands and the Moveables for these the Dutchess claimed as not belonging to her Brother as Elector but in his natural Capacity and so to her after his decease as nearest ally'd The Ambassador added that the chief motive that induc'd his Master thereunto was to take all pretences from the Princes of the Empire of excusing themselves from assisting against the Turks and that for that reason his most Christian Majesty would not do any thing that might disturb the Peace of the Empire The Pope shew'd all tokens of his favourable acceptance of this Declaration which if it had been real would have been the greatest satisfaction the French King could have given the Pope but he too well knew the contrary and that tho' he did not with his Arms at present molest the Empire it was not out of good will but while he prepar'd by building some new Forts and fortifying others on or near the Rhine for the better carrying on his work when he thought it convenient for his purpose which accordingly he did in 1688. by sending forces into the Palatinate and taking several places and harrasing the Country c. However the Pope sent notice to the Emperour of the French Kings Declaration touching the Dutchess c. And now preparations must be made for the next Campagne in December therefore the Nuntio acquainted the Emperour that his Holiness had remitted to him 400 thousand Florins to be employ'd for that purpose and the Clergy of the Hereditary Countrys brought in their Contributions to the Popes Nuntio at Vienna the Pope also sent a brief for raising an extraordinary Contribution on the Clergy in Spain and desir'd his most Catholick Majesty to assist the Venetians with his Galleys which tho' he did not consent unto yet he ratified a Treaty the Venetians had made with the Governor of Milan for raising forces The Nuntio at Poland continued his applications to that King assuring him to receive from the Pope 500 thousand Florins and to provide cloaths for 6000 foot Soldiers and Money towards a train of Artillery and in February the King assur'd the Nuntio that he would be in the field before the end of May next and command his Army in person the Nuntio therefore employ'd 500 thousand Florins which the Pope had remitted to him in providing Magazines c. for the War without putting it into the Kings Treasure having for two years past had experience that it never turn'd there to good account for the design it was intended he sent also a considerable sum of Money for raising 12000 Cossacks to joyn the Polish Army 1686. In May the Popes Forces were put on board his Galleys and in June they joyn'd the Venetian Fleet and directed their course to Old Navarino in the Morea and soon became Masters of it and then sate down before New Navarino and having intelligence that the Serasquier of the Morea was advancing towards them with 10000 Men and destroyed all the Country as he marched General Conningsmark leaving some Forces to maintain the Siege with 14000 men hasted to encounter him and totally routed the Turkish Army and return'd to the Siege where the place was speedily surrendred to him and having Garison'd both these considerable places he set sail and made Modon which was also surrendred unto him and shortly after he obtained two considerable Victories over the Turks near Napoli di Romania In August the Fleet blockt up 12 of the Turks Galleys eight whereof they took the other four escaping by Night the Land Army also took in the Castles of Argos and Termini and August the 29th
Napoli di Romania the chief City in the Morea was surrendred unto the Generals Morosini and Conningsmark and then the season of the year requiring it the Auxilliaries return'd homeward and the Popes Galleys arriv'd at Civita Vecchia October the 21th his Troops much weakned by sickness of whom the Pope took great care and bestowed Medals on his Officers The Imperial Army set forward toward the Campagne this year in May that part under the Duke of Lorrain's Command consisted of 55000 another under the Duke of Bavaria of 35000 The Muster-Rolls exactly taken in June in all parts of Hungary engag'd in the War as well Field as Garrison was Of Imperialists and Hungarians 75230. Of Auxilliaries 28700. Amounting in the whole to 103930. The 17th of June the Duke of Lorrain invested Buda in Hungary the second time wherein was a very strong Garison being 12000 Foot and 3000 Horse with store of Ammunition and Provision as expecting to be besieg'd and having had time enough to provide it being a year and half since the former siege was raised In August the Turks came with a great Army to raise the Siege and when they came near 8000 were sent before to force their way into the City the Duke of Lorrain drew out a detachment and met fought and drave them back with loss to their main Body and before night return'd with his Men within the Line of Circumvallation The Turks encamped not far off and frequently parties that had advance Money given them were sent to get in to the relief of the Garison some whereof did obtain their Ends but never attempted the Dukes Camp with their whole body September the 2d after two months and ten days close Siege with the loss of a great number of Officers and Soldiers on both sides this strong and eminent place was taken by Assault in the sight of the Ottoman Army in an hours time the first entrance was on that side the Duke of Lorrain made the Attack at the time of the Assault the Garison was reduc'd to 5000 men whereof 3000 were kill'd and 2000 taken prisoners who were employ'd in burying the dead and cleansing the ditches It was now 158 years since the Turks first took this City being led by Solyman the II. 1526. and it was gain'd back by the King of Hungary 1527. but regain'd by the same Solyman 1529 since which time it hath continued in the Turks possession tho' it hath been divers times besieged before this in vain this was very welcome news to the Pope who caused 20000 Crowns to be distributed among the Soldiers wounded at the Siege and gave 50000 more towards repairing the Fortifications of that place and sent a further supply to the Emperour towards paying his Army The Duke of Lorrain marched after the Turkish Army for they decamped quickly but their march was so hasty also that they got over Esseck Bridge before he could reach them and the time drew on for such of his Army that were to have Winter Quarters in Germany to return so that the main business of this Campagne ended Nevertheless the Imperial Forces that remain'd in Hungary had considerable advantages against the Enemy for in October the 23d the Turks and Tartars coming to raise the Siege of Segedin were beaten by the Imperialists and the Town yielded the Town and Castle of Chonad was taken by General Wallis and also the Castle of Five Churches and Syclos yielded to Prince Lewis of Baden who marching towards Esseck the Garison of Darda quitted the Fort leaving their Cannon c. behind them and the Prince march'd on and burnt 800 yards of Esseck Bridge and taking Coposwar was satisfy'd in his this years success and took up his Winter-Quarters June the 4th the Popes Nuntio in Poland assisted by four Bishops of that Country gave the King the Benediction and the King went immediately to head his Troops his own Army consisted of 30000 the Lithuanians had 15000 and the Cossacks Auxilliaries near 10000 in all 55000 men the Nuntio had provided a Magazine at Limberg and other Frontier places and also a Field-Hospital for sick and wounded Soldiers With this Army the King marched toward the Black-Sea and annoy'd the Turks and Tartars in those parts and afterward obtained a great Victory over them but want of Forage hindred his intended march toward the Danube and the season requiring it he return'd to Winter-Quaruers The Muscovites enter'd into League with the King of Poland this year and engaged to enter into the Crim of Tartars Country but made only an appearrnce for nothing of Action occurr'd but the Nuntio to give his Holiness an account that the King of Poland had not only appear'd but done something which he accordingly did with a request of a further supply and the Pope being willing to encourage and reward him for the least services did in November remit to him 300 thousand Crowns And now the Pope having had an account from all places of the successes the Christians Arms had this year obtain'd against the Infidels caused Te Deum to be sung in the Vatican Chappel in testimony of his thankfulness to God for the same This year a differance happen'd between the French King and the King of Spain as well by reason the Viceroy of Gallicia had seized a French Ship with Money at Guoyn and for the seizure of other Ships at Malaga after the late Truce was concluded between the two Crowns but before the News of it arriv'd at those places as also for that the Spaniards had rais'd 500 thousand Crowns on the French effects in the West-Indies whereupon the French King sent 20 men of War and blockt up the Port at Cadiz so that no ships could pass in or out there The Pope by his Nuntio's in both Courts apply'd himself to make up these breaches and at last brought them to an accord so that the Viceroy restor'd the Money to the Captain of the Ship and the King of Spain entered into an Engagement that as soon as the Ships came home from the West Indies the 500000 Crowns should be repaid to the Frenâ—h Ambassadour in that Court the other matters were likewise accommodated and a peace of Commerce at the West-Indies setled between the two Crowns whereupon the French Fleet sailed off from Cadiz and at the return of the Spanish Fleet the Money was paid to the French Ambassador and the seizures made by the French King on the Subjects of Spain in the French New Conquests were taken off Since the time of the Emperour Charles the V. by an agreement the King of Spain yearly on St. Peters Eve with a great deal of ceremony is to present the Pope with a White Spanish Genet by way of acknowledgment for the Kingdom of Naples this year it was not offer'd according to place and order of Ceremony as it ought to have been so that the Pope refus'd to receive it looking upon it that a breach in a small point might
be a president for a greater in future time Notice being sent hereof to Spain That King order'd it should be done in all respects as the Pope requir'd This year upon Easter-Eve the Earl of Castlemain Ambassador from King James the II. of Great Brittain arriv'd at Rome it being the Custom of Princes who own the Pope to be Head of the Church on their first access to the Crown to send an Ambassador to that Court to notify the same to his Holiness Cardinal Howard met him on the way conducted him to his Palace and entertain'd him and his Family very magnificently about 10 days while â—amphilio's Palace was making ready within a weak he had private audience of the Pope being conducted by Cardinal Howard he then fell upon preparations for his publick Entry the splendor and magnificence whereof was such that the Artizans were press'd to hasten it yet it was about the beginning of November before every thing could be fitted and then the Pope fell so ill of the Gout that he could not have audience before the 8th of January and then not in the publick Hall where Ambassadors are usually on such solemn Occasions receiv'd but in the Bed-Chamber Take here a short account of it which you may find at large in Mr Wrights Book on that Subject with Figures of the Arms Coaches c. In the Morning the Arms of the Pope the King of England and the Ambassadors which had been set up some days before above the Gate of the Palace covered were uncover'd with a Flourish of Trumpets the whole was of a prodigious bigness the wood-work whereon the Popes and the Kings Arms were painted being 24 foot in height each and 16 in breadth with supporters on each side devises and Ornaments above and Hieroglyphical figures underneath double the Life one among divers others under the Pope was a Woman clad in White representing the Church and one under the Kings was Britania as she is usually painted the Ambassadors Arms were placed over the Gate being in a round about 2 yards diameter About 2 of the clock in the Afternoon the Prelates with the Popes chief Officers came to attend the Ambassador who received also at the same time the complement of the Cardinals Princes and great men of Rome by their Relations or Gentlemen that brought their several Coaches to wait upon him to the Popes Palace He set out about four in the Evening having six Arch-Bishops in his own Coach and Monsignior Barrolini he had ten Coaches in his own Livery all fill'd with Prelates after which came their own Coaches and others that were sent to attend fill'd with Gentlemen that brought them His first Coach was covered with Crimson Velvet richly embroidered with Gold and lined with a Broccard of Gold with a rich embroidery round the Cornish and in all the void places with abundance of Gold Lace Fringe and Embroidery On the Curtains were embroidered Loops a foot long and eight inches broad the Velvet for Coach Cushions Harness Braces c. amounted to 120 yards the four Vases or Knobbs at the corners of the Coach were three foot high above the roof the body was supported by standards of large carved Images of Tritons and besides divers other Images all the Wood-work to the very spokes of the Wheels were all carved representing Leaves of Oak and Ivy gilt with Gold insomuch that all the Carriage seem'd to be a Massy-piece of Gold The second did almost answer the first being of Blew Velvet A third also very rich in Gold Lace and Gilt Brass-work but covered with Leather and all the rest of the Coaches were Noble and Rich. Before the first Coach went 30 Footmen 20 in Cloaks and 10 in close bodied Coats by the side of it eight Pages and the Dean or Chief of the Footmen in Black Velvet The Gentleman of the Horse followed on a Managed Neapolitan Horse richly Caparison'd the Ambassadors other Coaches had each of them six Horses also and a Groom to attend every one The Livery men were 60 in Number the Pages in Crimson Velvet their Cloaks lin'd with Brocard Blue and Gold laced with Gold Lace mixt with a little White Blew and Black Silk above half a yard deep with rich trimmings of Gold and Blue Ribbons with Feathers in their Hats Poynt Crevats and Cuffs and every thing else very fine The other Liveries were all of Scarlet lined with Silk Brocard and very richly laced The weather was somewhat Rainy yet this splendid shew drew abundance of spectators and thus being come to Monto Cavallo where the Soldiers were drawn up to receive him he was conducted to the Pope and after some stay with him he went to Cardinal Cibo's Aparment and afterwards with the help of Flambeaux return'd to his Palace The next day he visited Cardinal Ludovisio Dean of the Colledge the day after the Queen of Sweden and several others in the same Equipage On the 14 rh of January he gave a noble Entertainment to divers of the great Prelates at Rome in this manner The Entrance was a great Hall surrounded with long Tables furnished with Sweetmeats Fruit and other Delicasies at the upper end being a Cupboard of all kind of Plate and another of Glasses then passing through three Rooms richly furnished in the last of which was a Cupboard under a Canopy of curious Gilt Plate they entred the Dining-Room where was a Table that held 80 Arm'd Velvet Chairs with a space between every four Chairs for a Carver on the one side and a Sewer on the other so that there were eight persons to a Mess with those two Officers and a Servant behind each person to attend The breadth of the Table was eight foot and through the middle ran a range of large Historical Figures ten in number made of a kind of Sugar-Paste sent afterwards as Presents to great Ladies and to fill the vacancies betwixt them were variety of Birds and Beasts of the same make On either side these stood two rows of Intermesses of all relishing bits whether Salt Sweet or Sowr only where the Carver and Sewer were to stand was a void place on each side the Middle range for two large Dishes of meat to stand which were fresh brought in for twelve courses being 24 Imperial Dishes to every Mess but to avoid tediousness they were contracted to ten courses and so but 20 Dishes of which every one was served from the Carvers whether they eat or not and then the Triumphs and Ornaments being taken away the whole table was covered with all kind of Sweetmeats imaginable which at last the standers by snatch'd and carried away The entertainment lasted 3 hours each course was served up with loud Musick and while they eat they were entertain'd with soft Musick as Voices Lutes c. there was plenty of all sorts of delicate Wines and other Liquors wherein the Ambassador about the middle of the Dinner began the Popes and the Kings Healths on one side of the
wanted Conduct c. The Grand Signior promised their Arrears should be paid and that not contenting them sent the Seal to a Chiaus Bassa their Leader in this Mutiny which made him Grand Visier and afterwards the Head of the late Visier but neither would this satisfie though withal word was sent them that the Treasurer and other Great Men of whom they complained were kept alive only to discover their Estates which should be confiscated for pay of the Army whereby Four or Five hundred thousand Crowns were raised and several of them were strangled soon after The Mutiniers not satisfied declare then against the great Expence of the Port whereupon 1000 Women Attendants at the Court and divers others were turn'd off and Ibrahim a former Visier was strangled and several Great Men were sent to the Army that they might see them executed who upon their arrival would not wait for that but in great Rage cut them to pieces and with them an Officer in the Army of their own Accomplices for desiring to forbear killing one only until he should give an account which way the Revenue was wasted and the same day the confiscated Estates were sent them with Orders to stay at Adrianople and come no nearer But nothing of this could quell their Fury they insist upon having the Grand Signior deposed and the setting up his Brother Solyman in his place but Mahomet to prevent this resolved the death of his Brother and Sons and went accordingly to their Apartments but there he found Resistance and the very Officers he took with him would not obey him and so he returned to his own Apartment where was presently a Guard put upon him and his Brother and Sons were conducted to the Old Serail and had a Guard for their Security The Army notwithstanding the former Command marcheth on-ward and some Officers with 1500 Men came in haste to Constantinople and early in the morning met with others in the chief Mosk November 18 and put this Question to the new Mufti viz. Whether for the good of the Empire Mahomet the Fourth might not be deposed and Solyman set on the Throne who answered in the affirmative Thereupon Solyman was Proclaimed Mahomet knew not of this until Noon when asking for Horses he was told he must ask leave of Sultan Solyman who soon after sent an Order under his own hand-writing to this effect That as Mahomet had kept his Brother in Prison 40 years it was but just that he should be shut up as long himself to do Penance for his sins and ordered him to be secur'd Of those that came to seize him he asked What have I done to deserve this usage To which was answer'd That if there were no more in it he had now Reigned 40 years and that might content him All this was done without Blood or so much as disturbance to the Shop-keepers in the City and now he that so vaunted himself in his Declaration as above Christ and his Followers was thus easily deposed by his own Soldiers which he rais'd against the Christians The present Sultan is a person of strong Complexion fair Stature and belov'd by the Priests and Lawyers having much addicted himself to the study of their Law during his confinement His first entrance was easy but the Janizaries and Spahies coming to Town became very tumultuous and committed great Insolencies and Violencies which the Grand Signior could not restrain until they had their Arrears paid and their Donative usual at the setting up a new Sultan given them and notwithstanding that seeing themselves now to be Masters there was no bridling their Appetites for in March following they began again to be mutinous and kill'd the Grand Visier and others plundering both theirs and the best Shop-keepers Houses This they did twice and were suppress'd both times by the Grand Signior's setting up the Standard of Mahomet and the Priests making Proclamation for all true Musselmen to repair to it which they must do or else they are ipso facto divorced from their Wives and withal they look upon themselves obliged in Conscience to do it so that all sorts of People even to the aged and decrepid resorted with Arms to defend it and by them were many of the Mutineers taken and presently cut in pieces and the rest fled and hid themselves and afterwards a Quarrel began between the Horse and Foot wherein many were kill'd and thereby the time of the year also calling them into the Field they were at last appeased The Grand Signior presently after consulted how to bring them to their ancient Discipline and to live according to their Law in not drinking Wine c. And in January this year 1687 8 the strong and very considerable place of Mongatz was surrendered to the Imperialists by the Princess Ragotski Count Teckeley's Wife who with her Children were brought to Vienna where they remain having the whole City for their Prison This year the French King sent the Marquess de Lavardin to be his Ambassador at Rome who came into the City with a very great Train upon the 16th of November although the Pope had forbid that any Notice should be taken of him as an Ambassador in his Journey through Italy because the King had not consented to allow the Bull about the Franchises and the Marquiss knowing it to avoid any disrespect that might be shewed to him came incognito till his arrival near Rome where he was met guarded and attended very splendidly unto the Palace of Farnese The Pope had some notice before his coming that divers strange Persons had resorted to the City and therefore had ordered an account to be taken of what Strangers were lately come into the City and what was their business Before the end of December the Ambassador had twice demanded Audience of the Pope and was denied it until his Master had so far own'd his Holiness Authority as to admit his Bull whereupon the Popes Nuncio in France had the like usage In the mean time the Ambassador caused twelve Men to go the rounds every night about his Palace changing them upon the ringiag of a Bell in the same manner as Sentinels are relieved in time of war some said it was to hinder the City Officers of the Watch from coming near the Palace though the pretence was to hinder Malefactors from taking Sanctuary in his Excellency's Quarters both the Ambassador and the Marchioness his Wife frequently pass'd through the Streets visiting the Churches and places of Devotion St. John of Lateran's Church was endowed in part by Henry the Fourth of France and the French Ambassador residing at Rome usually joined there in the Church Service on the 13th of December being the Feast of St. Lucy celebrated with great solemnity This year the Pope caused it to be omitted to prevent the difficulties that might ensue if the Ambassador should come as formerly for the Pope in his Bull touching the Franchises had declared such as should not conform thereunto
Bavaria Canonically chosen thereunto shall attain to a lawful Age hath thought fit if it shall so seem good to our Holy Father the Pope that the Administration of the Temporalties of the said Church be given to the aforesaid Joseph Clement and that the Administration of the Spiritualties be likewise committed to him on this Condition that he exercise the same joyntly with the Bishop of Hierapolis Suffragan and Canon of the said Church who shall be understood to be deputed to this Co-administration during the pleasure of his Holiness and the Apostolick See And Report being hereof made his Holiness favourably approved the Sentence of the Sacred Congregation Given at Rome the fifteenth of September 1688. Signed as the former In December following the Emperor's Minister by order of the Pope required the Cardinal of Fustenburg and his Party of the Canons to own Prince Clement of Bavaria as their Arch-bishop and Elector of Cologne on pain of Excommunication And afterward six of the Canons who had taken part with the Cardinal not appearing upon Summons of the Official of Cologne were by publick Sentence deprived of their Benefices and Ecclesiastical Dignities May 7. Cardinal Crescentio and on the Ninth Cardinal Felice Rospiglosi died at Rome whereby there were eight places void in the College of Cardinals In June there was a terrible Earth-quake in Naples and other Towns thereabout even perceived at Rome many Persons were destroyed by the fall of Buildings Palaces and eminent Structures A Famous Church of the Jesuits one of the finest in all Italy tumbled down and the neighbouring Town of Benevento was quite demolished The Pope therefore sent large Sums of Mony in particular 50000 Crowns unto Naples for the relief of People that suffered by this sad Calamity This Earthquake continued several days more or less with some Intervals the People feared it would last a whole Moon as one did in December 1456. and therefore many retired into the Country in hopes of more Security but by the violent Storms and Rain which followed the Earth-quake such sudden Floods arose that several were drowned and all People extreamly terrified by the frequent and violent Shakings of the Earth mighty Thunder and Lightning great Hail-stones Besides which a Mountain also split in sunder the Earth opened and out of it issued black Vapors and Flames of Fire the Sun appeared incircled with a Flame about it the Sea though at Calm strangely retired in three times All which Prodigies so terrified the Inhabitants of Naples that scarcely a third part of the People remained therein July 25. being St. James's day began publick Rejoycings at Rome for the Birth of the Queen of Englands Son There was held a Chappel of eighteen Cardinals who assisted at High Mass and Te Deum was sung with rare Musick in the English Church which was richly adorned and the Cardinal of Norfolk made great Expressions of Joy at his Palace Sir John Lydcot Agent at Rome then for King James the Second shewed all the Demonstrations of Joy usual on such extraordinary Occasions viz. A very large Picture or Emblem was set up over his Palace-gate relating to the Subject which consisted of an Effigies of a Child adorned as a Knight of the Garter and about it several Trophies relating to the Prince of Wales Kings of England and Warlike Exploits with the then King and Queen of England's Pictures on each side and the Pope's over it Not only the Windows of his House were illuminated but he had divers Pots of combustible Matter flaming set upon Posts before his House and distributed 1100 Lanthorns with the King's Arms upon them to be hung up with Lights in them before the Neighbouring Houses and a Fountain of Wine ran for three days upon the second day he provided a whole Ox the Belly whereof was fill'd with Fowls c. to be roasted for the common People and entertained divers Persons of Quality in his Palace with all Rarities The Wine and good Cheer had so fill'd the common Peoples Bellies and Heads that they made returns with shouting and noise so that it was said not only the Musick in the Palace was deaded by it but the Drums Trumpets yea the very Chambers and Mortars were not to be heard The Pope was God-father to this Child whose Baptism was defer'd to October 15. 1688. and was represented by his Nuntio in England for as King James had sent an Ambassador to complement the Pope so the like in return was done by him and his Nuntio made his publick Entrance at Windsor in the beginning of July 1687. but the Pope knew how to use his Mony otherwise than to be at so great Charge as the King of England's Ambassador had been at in Rome for his Nuntio had only four Pages twelve Footmen and three Coaches of his own when he made his publick Entry The Pope made Cardinal Pallavicino Legat of St. Vrban and upon his Creation he is reported to have made a learned Speech in the Consistory in relation to the Queen of England's Son and gave a piece of Mony to all that would fetch it at St. Peter's Church where there resorted about 30000 Persons In August the Lord Thomas Howard Envoy Extraordinary from the King of Great Britain had Audience of His Holiness The Pope confirmed the Election of the Baron of Plettenbergh to the Bishoprick of Munster 1689. The Difference between the Pope and the French King not being yet composed April 30. the Marquis of Laverdin left Rome and returned to Paris in July following and the 26th of the same Month the Pope's Nuntio left Paris in order to return to Rome And the Pope's Apprehensions encreasing that the French King might make some Attempt on Italy he made great Preparations to be in a Posture to defend himself by daily enlisting more Men providing Ammunition fortifying and reinforcing his Garisons and denying Audience to the Cardinals d'Estrees and d'Este they and the Duke of Savoy's Minister at that Court prepared themselves for their Departure The Pope resolved also to make use of his Spiritual Weapons and threw his weightiest Thunderbolt Excommunicating in the severest manner all Persons of what Degree or Quality soever that shall usurp possess or separate from the State of the Church any part of its Lands Dominions c. or that shall seize upon any part of its Revenue or that shall interrupt or hinder the Commerce on the Coasts and Seas of the Ecclesiastical Estate as likewise those who shall attempt the calling or appealing to future Councils or that shall write against the Pope or Church Which Bull was affixed at all the usual publick Places in Rome and was ordered to be sent into France that so that Crown might not pretend Ignorance At this time the French King declares War against Spain and before or since against the Emperor and some of the German Princes as likewise against England Scotland Holland c. So that though the Pope had all his Life-long
but proceeding towards the Evening by way of Access Seven only drew unto him On the Sixth day a second Scrutiny being made Corsini had 27 Votes and at the Access in the Evening 14 only appeared for him However Chigi who managed it for him did not doubt of carrying it till Cardinal Nitardo Ambassador for Spain opposing it drew off the Spanish Party and the Grand Duke of Corsini's Faction followed Chigi then endeavours to gain the French Party but was countermined by Altieri and the Flying Squadron things appearing thus a Party of Cardinals united being called the New Squadron who pretended Zeal for the Church and to be solely moved by a Principle of Piety to promote one eminent for Learning and Wisdom without regard to Secular Interest Cardinal Pravina was a chief among these and at his first entrance into the Conclave had fixed upon our Odescalchi for whom he used all his Endeavours and would not be drawn off and Scrutiny being again made he had so wrought that 36 Voices were in his Favour enough to secure the Election insomuch that it was given out That the Election was made and People came flocking to the Gates so that the Guards were doubled to keep off the Crowd who pressed into the Precincts of the Conclave Yet at the Access some fell off for Altieri and Chigi laboured underhand seducing some in hopes of being preferr'd The Spaniards also were willing on further consideration to spin out the time of giving a final dermination expecting to hear from the Court of Spain The French Cardinals were chiefly for Rospigliosi but in case his Interest should fail they approved best of Odescalchi who though he were a Subject of Spain yet his Vertues and sincere Intentions reconciled him to well-meaning Men and made others shy of opposing him unless they could carry it as their respective Interests lead them which none else could form a Party to do because the New Squadron who were firm to him were 16 in number and with their Adherents could always make above a third part which was enough to prevent any other of his Complement though they could not carry it themselves Barberin and Chigi had a Negotiation for Jachenetti that ballanced the New Squadron and were probable to succeed for on Scrutiny he had 22 Votes but on Access in the Evening 11 only Whereupon the New Squdron renewed the Scrutiny and found 29 in their Candidate's favour By these several Scrutinies it appeared the Conclave were inclined most to Odescalchi which again occasioned a rumour in the Town That he was chosen and the other Parties finding they could not prevail were likely to joyn and indeed the Conclave had then proceeded to have compleated the Choice and by Accession created him Pope had not the Cardinal d' Estree suspended the Proceedings by a Request made That their Eminences would for some time suspend their final determination until the Arrival of some French Cardinals who by that Kings Order were on their Journey towards the Conclave which he said was not to hinder the choice of so worthy a Person for whom he also concurr'd but that his Christian Majesty might have opportunity thereby to joyn with them in so sacred an Election by the consent and approbation which he was ready to yield unto The Conclave in the mean time would be practising and set up others every one being willing to leave no stone unturn'd that might any wise conduce to advance one to the Chair that they propos'd to themselves Interest in or at least to gain it by being the Instruments for their Advancement Azzolino promoted Conti whose Interest being small he with Chigi the Spanish Party and the Great Dukes sets up Piccolomini and to allure Altieri engaged to advance his Friend Bichi to be Cardinal Nephew but Altieri had other designs Chigi failing herein sets up Spinola but no more than 7 Votes could be procured in his Favour on the Scrutiny Then some propos'd Crescentio but the Duke d' Estree Ambassador for the French King esteem'd him an Enemy to France whereby that Party was too great for his Promoters Then on a new Scruti Odescalchi had 14 Voices Carpegna 7. Alberici 9. Gastaldi 9. Albici 5. and Crescentio 3. After this manner divers designs and Intreagues were working till the arrival of the four French Cardinals which was the 13th of August and then a speedy Election was expected but those hopes were soon blasted for still they were embroiled and Arbritio by the dextrous management of Altieri and others was in a fair way but the several designs of others were enough to oppose any one that still they thwarted and no one party could gain his Complement On September 1. the French Cardinals entred the Conclave with a great train and concourse of People after them crying out for a speedy Election and naming Rospigliosi and Odescalchi And the French Party seem'd to encline to the later But their King being greater in the Conclave as well as in other Princes Councils they would not joyn a sufficient number to conclude the matter until they had his approbâ—tion and an express is sent with their Informations and for Instructions and so still the time was delayed and the Cardinals began to quarrel among themselves on slight matters since they could not carry their designs in the greater nor so well vent their Gaul about it Colonna and Maldachino could not refrain giving one another such reproachful Words as Fool and Beast upon a small account but with others concerned in it grew a contest between Buglion and Howard for that the former had not return'd a Visit that the latter had made him Buglion to excuse himself frankly told him That it was the King's express Command not to acknowledge the Cardinals of the last promotion Howard would not allow his Excuse alledging divers particular respects that the French King had made him and caused him to be treated in all parts of France as he passed through it from London to Rome as a Cardinal and now the others of the same promotion joyn him but the French opposing the Conclave feared that disorder and confusion would ensue and therefore procured the French Cardinals to subscribe a Letter to their King beseeching him to give Orders to his Embassador and Cardinals to visit and own those Cardinals of Clement the Tenth's Promotion which otherwise might cause a Schism and many Inconveniences to the whole Conclave to the disturbance of the present affair until Answers were return'd to the Dispatches Such an Ascendent had this Monarch though at such distance over this great Council that though they pretend to the Conduct of God's good Spirit and sing the Veni Creator yet the Spirit of France must direct them that they would not joyn in an Election till they heard thence which though by making Parties they could somewhat obstruct yet they could not prevail for any other and in divers Scrutinies it was always most favourable for our Odescalchi
Room against the middle of the Table was the Kings Picture at large in his Royal Robes and over against it divers Hieroglyphick figures with the Kings Arms over them The Ambassador having now done his part he was complemented by several great Persons and Academies in Rome being invited to splendid Entertainments accompanied with Musick Orations Poems Plays Masks Dances and other Exercises as every one thought sit to set forth the respect they bore to the King in the Person of his Ambassador The first that invited him was the Queen of Sweden then Cardinal Pamphilio Cardinal Fran isco Barbarini the Fathers of the Gregorian or Roman Colledge the Clementin Colledge the Academicks of the Infecondi and lastly he was entertain'd at the Popes Palace at the Ceremony of giving Cardinals Hats in open Consistory for the Pope was prevail'd with at length to make a new creation of Cardinals and four that is Ciceri Petrucci Caraffa and Medici receiv'd their Hats the 24th of May 1687. Other Hats had been sent where the Cardinal resided as to the Cardinal of Furstemberg c. and now the Ambassador takes his second leave of the Pope and had his Benediction again for his being present at this Ceremony obliged him to see his Holiness tho' he had before had his Audience of leave the Benediction with a pair of Beads at which hung a Gold Medal of our Saviour and on the 23th of June 1687. he left Rome and return'd homeward I do not find that this Ambassadour was much caressed by the Pope but rather slighted for on his telling the Pope that if he were not better used he would leave Rome the Pope reply'd You are Master of that as you please Whether it were because as some say the Pope was a Protestant in his Heart and did not favour the designed Perversion of England or as others with more probability out of his covetous temper because it was look'd upon that little profit was like to accrue from England to that See at least for his time Or rather because the King of England was link'd in alliance with France betwixt whom and the Pope there were continual differances Or lastly which is chiefly insisted upon because the King of England was altogether influenced by the Jesuits and the Ambassador now there gave himself intirely up to their conduct whose Mortification this Pope always endeavour'd and not without reason for as to their Religion he liked not their Morals and as to their Power in all Christian Princes Courts it exceeded his and they were got into such a condition that if differences should arise between him and them they were likely enough to give him some check and in the mean time lessen'd him in that Grandeur of Government which he aspir'd unto by their interposing in the State Affairs of most Nations without concerning themselves with him at all therein He looked upon them as a distinct and Independant Society Subject to none but their General from whom alone they receive all their prefrements and to whom therefore they pay an absolute Obedience without reserve and that they had got great riches in all places and only us'd it for the advantage of the Society This year 1686. November the 5th the River Tyber swell'd to that prodigious height that it not only drown'd the Neighbouring Country but put several quarters of Rome under water which continued to the 7th and then the waters began to decrease this Inundation was not so high as one that happen'd in the year 1657. yet did an unspeakable damage drowning several people and a great number of Cattle and overthrowing many houses and part of the wall of the Castle of St. Angelo and damnifying one of the Bassions so much that it was in danger to fall the Pope took care to have the People assisted with Boats and Provisions and what else they should want 300 Men were employ'd suddenly to build up the wall of St. Angelo's Castle and assistance was given to people towards their losses The Pope now to give some ease to his Subjects took off the Impositions upon Provisions which was farm'd at 65 thousand Crowns per annum In the beginning of December Father Charles de Noyeles General of the Jesuits dyed and in July following the Society chose Father Thyrso Gonsales a Spaniard for their General who had a contest in himself whether he should visit the French or Spanish Ambassador in the first piace he would willingly have wav'd visiting either but that could not be admitted he at length resolves it and visited the French first at which the King of Spain ordered the Jesuits in his Dominions not to own the new General and the French King in retaliation forbade several Religious Orders to obey their Generals being Spaniards On January the 30th 1686. The Duke D'Estrees who had resided 15 years at Rome in the Quality of Ambassador from France dyed of an Apoplexy The Pope now resolv'd to take the opportunity to put the Bull effectually in Execution for regulating of the Franchises which hitherto he had been easy in and accordingly did abolish the Franchises of the Palace of Farnese where the late Ambassador had had his residence and caus'd the Sbirris or Officers of Justice to appear therein of which the Nuntio at Paris acquainted that King who seem'd not willing to quit that point He afterwards let him know also that the Queen of Sweden had voluntarily quitted the Franchises of that quarter adjoyning to her Palace at Rome admitting the Sbirris to execute what belong'd to their Office therein the King notwithstanding shew'd an unwillingness to admit it and hence grew another Controversy between the Pope and the French King as shall be shew'd hereafter And now its time to be making preparations for the next years War In February the Popes Nuntio in Poland undertook to provide Magazines with Provisions c. for the Army of that King and in March the Prince of Lubmirki Great Marshal of Poland came to Court where the Muscovite Ambassadour gave their reasons why they did not advance further the last Campagne and promised for the next year with their Auxilliaries to have a brave Army in the Field Another Ambassador from thence was also at Vienna who went away well satisfy'd yet in the latter end of June they return'd to the borders of Muscovy after they had made some little incursions into the Tartars Country without ever seeing an Enemy The Pope Emperor and King of Poland had formerly sent Envoys to the Sophy of Persia at Hispahan who were there a year before they could be admitted to audience to have answer to the Letters they brought which were to set forth the advantage the Christians had gained over the Turks in the late Wars and to encourage him to bring an Army at so considerable a juncture of time as this was which if omitted he might expect not only to be frustrate of such another opportunity but be also set upon by the Turk
to consider of and give their Opinions touching the French Clergy's Propositions Those of Poland and part of Hungary met and condemned them And thus the Pope's Thunder having frighted the Clergy the Assembly was dissolved and these high Contests began to cool Nevertheless both Parties held their own pretences neither yielding to the other but while the two Heads strive many Churches remain vacant and that notwithstanding the cry and pretence that a vast number of new Converts stood in need of Instruction to be confirmed in their pretended Orthodox Belief And here I shall leave off this Affair untill the business of the Franchises comes together with it to be treated on having proceeded further than I ought to have done because I was willing to continue the Relation of this Affair with as little interruption by other matters as was possible 1681. The Colledge of Cardinals being diminished to twenty six and those in being many of them very Aged the Pope resolved to create sixteen new ones and reserve the other Ten either to gratifie Princes or please himself as he should afterwards see necessary occasion though he was backward to encrease the Number but rather lessen them looking on many to be a burthen to the Church And this was his first Creation tho many empty Pallaces in Rome craved Inhabitants and herein he shewed he would not fawn upon or flatter the French King by raising any of his Kingdom to that Dignity but chose Italians whose Names are as follow 1. John Baptista Spinola a Genoese aged Sixty Seven Governor of Rome and Secretary of the Congregation of Regulars 2. Anthony Pignatelli a Neapolitan Sixty Six years of Age Bishop of Lecca and Master of the Popes Chamber 3. Stephen Brancaccio a Neapolitan aged Sixty Four 4. Stephen Agostini Archbishop of Heraclea aged Sixty Five 5. Francis Bonvici of Lucca Archbishop of Thessalonica aged Sixty Three 6. Savo Mellini a Roman Archbishop of Cesarea aged Thirty Seven years 7. Frederick Visconti of Milan aged Sixty Three Archbishop of Milan 8. Marco Gallio of Como Bishop of Rimini aged Sixty Nine 9. Flaminio del Tayo of Siena aged Eighty years 10. Raymond Capizucci a Roman aged Sixty Nine 11. John Baptista de Luca a Neapolitan aged Sixty Four 12. Laurentio Brancati of Laurea in Calabria aged Sixty Four years Library-keeper of the Vatican 13. Urbano Lachetti of Florence aged Forty Four Auditor of the Apostolical Chamber 14. John Francisco Ginetti a Roman aged Sixty years Treasurer of the Chamber 15. Benedict Pamphilio aged Twenty Eight Grand Prior of Rome 16. Michael Angelo Ricci aged Sixty five years All these took their Promotions patiently and without much reluctancy only Tayo and Ricci were hardly brought to it The Pope being sensible that the Cheat of Indulgences was apparent to many of the common People and the first thing Luther made use of to encline great numbers to protest against the Encroachments and Superstitions of the Roman Church and also how ridiculous they are esteem'd by Protestants and scandalously made use of by their own Priests especially in remote Countries and particularly disliking that Indulgence of the Immaculate Conception a Controversie among the Dominicans and Franciscans thought it the best way in Reforming his own Church to begin with such things as the Reformers justly took offence at and therefore suppressed divers of them In the first place The Office of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin approved by Paul the First who granted That whosoever should devoutly recite the same should have an hundred days Indulgence as may appear by his Bull of July the 10th 1615. printed at Milan The Pope therefore now Decreed That no Person of what Order Degree or Condition soever should dare to keep read print or cause to be printed the said Book and requiring that whosoever should have the said Office in his keeping should forthwith deliver the same to the Ordinary or to the Inquisitors of the place which Decree was published Febr. 9. 1678. Then he set upon others and suppressed a multitude of idle and foolish Indulgencies which many cheating Priests raised Mony upon from the ignorant People of which kind were those Indulgencies granted by John the Second Sixtus the Fourth to those who should recite the Prayer of Charity of our Lord Jesus Christ by Eugenius the Third to the Revelation made to St. Bernard of a blow on the Shoulder of our Lord Jesus Christ By John the Twenty Second to those who kiss the measure of the Soal of the Foot of the Blessed Virgin By Leo the Tenth to those who wear the Cord of St. Francis printed first at Rome then at Milan 1663. To them that shall say the Angelical Prayer when the Clock strikes to the Image of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary printed in a Circle with the Moon under her feet By Paul the Fifth and Gregory the Fifteenth to those who say Blessed be the Holy Sacrament Likewise those Indulgences for fourscore thousand years copied out of the Ancient Table which is said to be kept in the Lateran Church to those who say this truly pious Prayer O God who for the Redemption of the World c. He also suppressed many others and declared That though according to the Doctrin of the Council of Trent the use of Indulgencies may be useful to the People and doth Anathematise such as shall deny that there is not a Power in the Church to grant them yet he is desirous that the Doctrin thereof be rightly understood and a Moderation used in granting them lest by too great facility or easiness the Discipline of the Church be corrupted and enfeebled It was indeed one of the main businesses that the Council of Trent should have handled that and the Sacrament of the Lords Supper in both Kinds being two principal matters then contested in the German Churches but that Council's Inspiration being brough from Rome in a Cloak-bag the Spirit of the Papacy would not allow it and withal they could not but see that this Doctrin was not solid and would not hold water therefore they slightly touched thereon and nothing was determined in it than only That Indulgences be used with such moderation as was approved by the ancient Custom of the Church of God As this Pope endeavour'd to remove all Remora's of Justice that might hinder the due execution thereof in suppressing the pretended and long abused Priviledges of the Franchises and to take away those Temptations and seeming Encouragements to Vice which had been given by licensing of Stews had suppressed those places and expell'd both Strumpets and other debauch'd Persons out of the City and also had appointed such Magistrates for the due execution of Justice that Rome was become very regular and no publick Vice or Disorders to be seen or heard therein so considering that Men of evil Principles might yet act such things which no positive Law in being could reach That he might at least in some measure eradicate