govern'd States both moderne and ancient used for Rome in her greatest pitch of glory had their money Ere argento auro puro puto and so have all the absolute Monarchies to this day in Christendome And I believe it may be wrought to his Majesty of good value and to the state of much ease if it may be put in practice with discreet caution and constant resolution for the danger may only be in the venting of the quantity which may clog the State with the uselesse money in extention of example which may work in by degrees an abasement of Bullione The proportion that I would hold beneficiall and safe should be in the Masse at first one hundred twenty thousand pound by which his Majesty should gaine ten hundred thousand pound cleerely the encrease annually twelve thousand pound in which his Majestie should gaine a thousand pound And the limitation that none be inforced to take any but in summes under 20 s. and then but the twentieth part proportionably Against this some may object that it will either not advantage the King so much as is projected either from the difficultie in venting or facilitie in counterfeiting or else prejudice the State with a worthlesse money The benefit to the King will easilie fall out if he restraine Retailers of victuals and small wares from using their owne tokens For in and about London there are above three thousand that one with another cost yearely five pound a peice of leaden tokens whereof the tenth remaineth not to them at the yeares end when they renew their store which amounteth to above fifteene thousand pound And all the rest of the Realme cannot bee inferiour to the City proportion and the forme and figure may with an Engine so subtile bee nulled that the charge will prevent all practise of false play for the prejudice since London which is not the 24 part in people of the Kingdome had in it found above 800000 by a late inquiry by the order of the late Queene and so falleth out to be 2. pence a person in the intire State it may bee nothing either of losse by the first uttering being so easie nor burthen any with too great a Masse at a time since continuall use will disperse so small a quantity into so many hands But on the other side wil be to the meaner sort except the Retaylers that made advantage formerly of their own Tokens as the King shall now of necessary use and benefit for the buyers hereafter shall not be tyed to one seller and his bad Commodities as they are stilll when his tokens hereafter made current by authority shall leave him to the choyse of any other Chapman And to the poore in this time of small Charity It will be of much reliefe since many are like ro give a farthing Almes that will not part with a greater sum Besides it cannot but prevent much wast of silver that by the minting pence and halfepence is occasioned there wil be no cause hereafter to cut Bullion into proportion so fit for losse what that hath beene may bee conjectâ—red If wee marke but of the great quantities from the penny downward since H. 8. time stamped how few remain Whereas of all the Coynes from three pence upwards which are manuable or manuall plenty passe still in daily payment Regalities mixt As for restitution of the temporalities of Abbots and Bishops for which H. 7. receiued great sums Corodaries in Cathedrall Churches And having in every Cathedrall and collegiate Church as incident to his Crowne a Corodarie and made money of it at the highest rate he could Vacancie of Bishopricks The benefit of the vacancy of any Bishop some Kings have used to their best advantage making a Circular remove of as many as in reputation and profit were inferiour to the place void Concurrent Jurisdiction as the Pope had in former times Besides these there are two of no mean Commodity 〈…〉 The one is grounded upon a concurrent Jurisdiction with every Ordinary in the Diocesse with the King by having the power Papall in that point invested in him by Act of Parliament may exercise by his Commission or otherwise remit to the Ordinary for some valuable respect Thus did Cardinall Wolsey with Wareham the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury and all other the Bshops of the Kingdome after hee had got his Legative power Ex. Composâ—t Orig. inteâ— Wolser Arch. Cant. dat 14. H. 8. And this if it were put in practise would draw to the King two hundred thousand pound into his Coffers The other is the short accompt yeelded the King of such Ecclesiasticall Tenths and duties as were often or annually paid unto the Pope in former times Tenths of the Church Lands now in the Laitie And now by Statute invested in the Crowne for in former times the Sea of Româ— received them not as onely out of the meere Spiritualties of Spirituall persons which Lands being now divided from the Church into the hands of the Laitye yet ought they to pay this duty since they were setled in the Crowne by a former Law and no subsequent ever hath discharged them FINIS
deposition of the other No lesse fatall was the like to Empson and Dudley Proc. contra Dudley An. 1. H. 8. and there is no string will sooner jar in the Common-wealth then this if it be generally touched 3. For Letters of favour either for mitigation or dispatch of Iustice Of the first sort there be many found in H. 6. and E. 4. their times sometimes of Protection although by course of the Common Law none are warrantable but to such as are going in Obsequium Regis or Ibidem Moraturi sometimes freeing men from Arrests by calling them up to appear before the Kings Councell sometimes in cases highly criminall releiving the Prisoner in commanding the Judges to make stay of all proceedings upon supposall of indirect practises untill the King was better informed Of the second sort there are many in H. 7. Lib. Acquit inter H. 7. Dudley his time where the King hath taken for writing to the Iudges of Assize money for his Letters of favour 4. For Offices thus did King Iohn with the Chancellorship selling it for terme of life to Gray for five thousand Markes Divers Offices now in the gift of the Master of the Rolls were engaged to the Chancellor and Treasurer of England as are to be found in Records of H. 4. H. 5. and H. 6. to bee passed by warrant under the Kings hand and upon some Consideratâ—on And H. 7. renewed this course using Dudley as his instrument to compound with Suitors for those and any other places and by that Record we finde the Chancellor the chiefe Iustice the Keeper of most of the Record the Clerks of the Assizes and peace the Masters of the game and Parkes and what else carrying either profit or reputation paid to the King Familius in vita Lewis 12. some proportion of money for their places Neither is this different from the course of other States for in France Lewis the 12. called the father of his Countrey did so with all the Offices not being of Iudicature which his Successors did not forbeare Vasques C. 12 40 43. In Spaine it is usuall and Vasques the Spanish Advocate and Charles the fifth precsribeth it to his sonne as a rule in his last instruction drawing his ground of reason and Convenience from the example and practice of the Sea of Rome Instruct Car. 5 to Phil. 2. The like might bee of all inferior promotions that are or may bee in the Kings Guift whether Ecclesiasticall or Temporall if they were after the true value in profit and reputation listed into rankes according to the severall Natures of their imployments respectively 5 For honour and that either by power legall or election Of the first it is onely in respect of Land whereby every man is to find when the King shall require that hath ability to bee made a Knight and is not Of this sort there is plenty of examples The other out of choice and grace As Hugo de putiaco Bishop of Durham was by King R. 1. created Earle of Northumberland for a great summe of money And I doubt not but many of these times would set their ambition at as high a price And for his Majestie now to make a degree of Honour hereditary as Barronets next under Barons and grant them in Tayle taking of every one a thousand pound In Fine it would raise with ease ten thousand pound And by a Iudicious election be a meanes to content those worthy Persons in the Common-wealth that by the confused admission of Many Knights of the Bath held themselves all this time disgraced 6 For Coyne and Bullion by which although some Kings out of a last shift have seemed to relieve themselves yet was it in truth full of danger and distrust to the Common-wealth being assured token of a Bankerupt State and to the Prince in conclusion of most disadvantage for the Revenewes of the Crowne being commonly in certaine Rents they must in true value howsoever in verball sound bee abated to the proportion that the money shall bee abased and every man will rate his Commodity in sale not according to the accompt of pence or pounds but to the weight of the pure Silver contained in the current money As for example that which was before the descrying of the Coyne worth five shillings in the pound weight will if the allay bee to the halfe bee held at ten shillings and so in every proportion respectively for money is not meerely to bee esteemed in respect of the sculpture or figure but it must value in Pecunin quantum in Massa and Silver is a Commodity as other wares and therefore holdeth his estimation as they doe according to the goodnesse And the Lord Treasurer Burleigh in Anno one thousand five hundred sixty one when the Court of State affected an abasement of Coyne after a grave deliberation advised the Queene from it and never would give way to any such resolution in his time But that benefit which truely the King may make more of Bullion then now hee doth is to erect againe Cambrium Regis his owne Exchange an Office as antient as before H. 3. and so continued untill the middle of H. 8. the profit of it being now ingrossed amongst a few Gold-smiths and would yeeld above two thousand pound a yeare if it were heedfully regarded and then should the King himselfe never want the materialls if two things were observed the one to permit all men bringing in Bullion to Trade outward the value thereof in domesticke Commodities at an abated Custome the other to abate the mighty indraught of Forraine Manufactures and unnecessary Wares that the outward Trade might over-ballance the inward which otherwise will as it hath done draw on this desperate consumption of the Common-wealth which in Anno twenty seaven E. 3. was otherwise for then the exitus exceeded the introitus pounds and in the last times of the late Queene for at this time the unmeasurable use of Luxurious Commodities was brought in as Wine Spices Silke and fine Linnen c. For of the latter sort above ten Groates the Ell there is above 360000 pound yearely spent which is halfe the value of our Cloths transported maketh the State to buy more then they doe sell whereas a good Father of a Family ought to be Vendacem and not Emacem Besides the condition of our people is now such that the greater part neither get nor save which in a private house is an apparant Argument of ruining and must be no lesse in a Common-wealth And it is observed generally that hence the want of Bullion now is such that there is not money in specie sufficient to pay the Lenders their principall so that Usury is paid for money upon supposition and not really If then his Majesty shall be pleased to advise of his Counsell to advantage himselfe any otherwise by Coynage it will be safeâ— to doe it upon a simple Metall then by any impliant or better suite which well
AN ABSTRACT OVT OF THE RECORDS OF THE TOVVER Touching The KINGS Revenue AND How they have supported themselves By Sir ROBERT COTTON Knight and Baronet LONDON Printed for G. Tomlinson T. A. and A. C. AN ABSTRACT OVT Of the Records of the Tower touching the Kings Revenue THE Kings of England have supported and repaired their estates either 1. By annuall proportioning their Issues and Expences with their certaine and casuall Revenues and that either by 1. Advice of their privie Councell Or 2. Parliament 2. By abating and reforming the excesse of 1. Houshold 2. Retinue and Favorites 3. Gifts and Rewards 3. By raising of Money and improving the Revenues of the Crowne and that either by the 1. Grant of the Subject Or 2. Power absolute in the Soveraigne First for proportioning the Issues and expences with their certaine and casuall Revenues H. 4. Anno 12. when the Revenue and profits of the Kingdome together with the Subsidy of Wooll 〈◊〉 and Tenth of the Clergy amounted to no more then 48000 l' of which 24000 l' was alotted for the expence of house most of the rest to the guard of the Sea and defence of this Kingdome the Realme of Ireland Ex Rot. orig intent Act. Conc H. 4. Marked 21. and Dominions in France In this estimate the profit by Wards and Marriage was but two thousand And then an Ordinance was made by the King Prince and all his Councell theâ—e named the Roll. The like was Anno 11. when for the charge of House was appointed 16000 l' and 7000 l' to the City of London in discharge of the Kings debt Ex Rot. in actis Conc An 2. H. 5. H. 5. Anno 2. did the like as his father entring upon the Roll as an ordinance in future That the Treasurer of England or of the Exchequer shall annually make declaration of the state of their office and the Revenue of the Realme together with the charge of the Kings House Chamber Wardrobe Garrisons Navie and debts Anno 3. H. 5. the like assignments were made proportionable to the Revenue which in the great custome of Woolls Ex Rot. orig A. 8. H. 5. Mâ—râ—ed B B. the petty custome Tunnage and Poundage Revenue of Wales and the Dutchy of Cornwall the Hamper the accounts of Sheriffs and Escheators the exchange of Bullion and the benefit of Wards and Marriage then rated at but 1000 Markes a peece rose not to above 56966 l' and being at such time as hee undertooke the conquest of France Anno 9. H. 5. the Revenue of the Kingdome amountting to 55743 l' 20 s. 10 d. was so by the King with advice of his Councell Ex ordinat anno 9 H 5. Marked Ox 7. ordered as before And by this Record it appeareth that the Clerke of the Navie and not the Treasurer was the officer only for that place Ex Rot. Par. anno 12. H. 6. H. 6. anno 12. in Parliament Cromwell then Treasurer delivering up an account of the axitus and introitus of the Exchequer setled the estate of his expence of which there was allowed for his House 10978. and to his Chamber and Wardrobe 2000 l' The rest to defray the debts and necessary occasionâ— of the State Ex computo Dom. Burleigh Tâ—â—â—â—aâ— Queene Elizabeth anno 12 at which time besides the Wards and Dutchy of Lancaster the profit of the Kingdome was 188197 l. ' 4 s. The payments and assignments 110612 l' 13 s. of which the houshold was 30000 l' privie Pursâ— 2000 l' Admiralty 30000 l' which by an estimate 1. Mali anno 1604. was 40000 l' and iâ— now swolne to neere 50000 l' yearly by the error and abuse of Officers 2. For abating and reforming the excesse of 1. Houshold 2. Retinue and Favorites 3. Gifts and Rewards 1. For abating and reforming the excesse of houshold either by 1. Parliament 2. Councell-Table 1. By Parliament Anan 3. E. 2. An ordinance was maâ—e pro hospitio Regis Ex Angl. Manuscrip fol 29. in ease of the people oppressed with purveyance by reason of the greatnesse thereof and the motive of that Ordance was Al honneur de dieu et al honneur et profit de Saincte Esglise et al honneur de Roy et son profit et au profit de son peuple selons droit et reson delserement quod le dit nostre Signeur le Roy fist à son Coronment Ex libro dicto a ula Râ—gis And about this time was the Kings house new formed and every Officer limited his charge and salary Anno 36. E. 3. Rot. Par. anno 36. E. 3. The houshold was brought to such moderation of expence as may be answerable to the Revenues of the Crowne and a Commission granted at the Petition of the Commons to survey and abate the houshold which not taking thâ—â—â—esired effect Anno 5. Rot. Par. anno 5. 6. R. 2. the Commons petitioned that 〈◊〉 excessive number of Meniall servants may bee remedied or otherwise the Realme will be utterly undone and that his houshold might not exceed the ordinary revenues of the Realme c. Anno 4. H. 4. Rot. Par. an 4. 7. 11. H. 4. the people crave reformation of the Kings house And anno 7. that hee would dismisse some number of the Retinue since it was now more chargeable but lesse honourable then his progenitors And that the ancient Ordinances of the houshold in ease of the people might be kept and the Officers of the household sworne to put the Ordinances and Statutes in due execution and so consider the just griefes of his subjects by unjust purveyance contrary to the Statute that hereafter Vous poir viure le vostre biens propres in ease de vostre peuple Ex ordinat in â—oâ— â—ct Conc. anno 11. H. 4. Marked R R. which the King willingly doth as appeareth by an ordinance in Councell whereby the charge of the houshold is limited to 16000 Markes Rot. Parl. anno 12. 18. H. 6. Anno 12. 18. Hen. 6. the charge of the Kings house is reduced to a certainty and lessened by Petition and order in Parliament Ex rot Parl. anno 12. E. 4. Ex lib. Orâ—in hospitâ— tempore E 4. Anno 12. E 4. The King promises to abate his household and hereafter to live upon his owne So setling a new forme of his Court which is extant in many hands intituled Ordinations for the Kings House And to ease the charge of the Kings house the Queens have allowed a portion of their joincture suiâ—ng to their owne expence to the Treasurer of the houshold as did Philippa the wife of Edward the third And so likewise Henry the fourth his wife anno 7. And H. 6. his wife allowed 2000 l' a yeare out of her estate 2. Excesse of houshold abated and reformed by Councell Table Ex aula regis fact tempore E. 3. Edward the third caused his houshold
to bee certaine in allowances making thereof a Booke by way of Ordinance which is called Aula Regis Act Conc. 8. H. 4. Marked P P. Henry the fourth counselled his sonne the Prince and the rest of his Councell to ordaine such moderate governance of his house that may continue Au pleiser du Dieu et du peuple Hen. 6. Anno 27. Mich. recept 27. H. 6. reduced his charge of house to 12000. l' whereof 2000. l' was out of the Queenes Joynture Ed. 4. Anno 12. reformeth it againe Ex lib. Ordin hospitiâ— temp E. 4. and publisheth a booke of Orders for their better direction which afterwards Cardinall Wolsey for the more honour and profit of the King amendeth Ordinat Card. Wolsey temp H. 8. And that still remaineth the ground-work of the present government which being now so much corruâ—ted it may seeme fit either to put down the Tables and leave all the attendants to allowance of money as France and Spaine doth or else by setting up the Hall againe reduce the Houshould to the best first and most magnificent order So all things being spent in publick will be to the Kings honour and the secret waste by chamber-diet purloyning prevented to the Kings benefit For there is never a back doore in Court which costs not the King so little as 2000 l' yearly And few meane houses in Westminster that are not maintained with food and firing by stealth of the Court Instruments 2. By abating and reforming the excesse of Retinue and Favorites Thus Henry the second did with William de Ipre Earle of Kent a Netherlander Ex Gerratio Dorobornens and all his Countrey men and followers when they grew heavie and a burden to the State unable to foster more then her owne naturall children Thus Richard 1. did with Otho Earle of Yorke Ex Ric. Canonico in vita R 1. and all thâ— Bavarians although hee was the sonne of his sister taking from him that Earldome for that the people opposed it and giving him in exchange the Title of Poictou Thus Henry the third did with his halfe brethren the Earle of Pembroke and Bishop of Winchester Ex libro sancti Alâ—an Wil. Râ—shâ—nger liber Baron P P. and all the Poictors their followers Ex ordinat 3. E. â— in libro lâ—gum M S. fol. â—85 Thus Edward 2. did by his Ordinance Lâ—â— toâ—â—â—gâ—age sire Pieres de Gaveston sâ—it entirement â—â—stre desire entâ—vi◠〈◊〉 Roy de son servis Item Burgois de Till soit ouste son fiaâ— quod est Marâ—scall del Exchequer Iteâ— quod Bertram Assabi son frere ceux de Gascoigne Aymerick de Triscâ—mband seiâ—s oustre ses Terres prises en le main le Roy. Ex rot Par. anno 10 R 2. Thus Richard 2. did with the Bohemians anno 10. by an Act of Parliament at the petition of the people surcharged Thus Henry 4. did with the Gascoines and Welsh in like sort overburdening and impoverishing the King and Realm Ex rot Par. anno 7. 12. H. 4. with perpetuall suits so that in Court as the Record saith there were Ne ad nul substance des personnes vaylantes suffesants si besâ—igne seroit mes de Rascailâ— par la grendre part 3. By abating and reforming the excesse of Gifts and Rewards Hence was it that the wisedome of former times foreseeing the mischiefe that the open hand of the Soveraigne may bring the State into made a Law 11. R. 2. That whatsoever cometh to the King by Judgement Rot. Par. anno 11. R. 2. Anno 2. 4. 5 H. 4. Escheat Forfeiture Wardship or any other wayes shall not be given away and that the procurer of any such gift shall be punished Rot. Par. anno 7. H. 4. Thus the Parliament continued 7. H. 4. untill the King was out of debt making frustrate the grant and ordaining a penalty of double value to every mover or procurer of any such Rot. Par. anno 11. H. 4. N. 23. The like anno 11. H. 4. and that no petition for any thing should be delivered the King but in the presence of the Councel who might examine it lest the Kings wants should light upon the Commons Rot. par 2. anno 25. H. 6. M. 24. And to keep the hands of King Henry 6. from wastfull â—iving the Councell induced him to convey to the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury and others all profits of Words Marriages Reliefes Escheats and forfeitures to defray the charge of his house It is one of the greatest accusations against the Duke of Summerset Ex Rot. Par. anno 28. H. 6. for suffering the King to give away the possessions of the Crowne in manner of a spoile for so are the words of the Record And it was made the first and chiefest Article to depose King Richard for wasting and bestowing the Lands and Revenue of the Crowne upon unworthy persons Ex rot Par. anno 1. E. 4. and thereby over-charging the Commons by exaction 3. By raising of money and improving the Revenue of the Crowne either By the 1. Grant of the Subject which is 1. generall as Parliament Or 2. Particular 2. Power absolute in the Soveraigne as by Loanes Or Benevolence 1. Generall as in the Parliament Ex lib. Rubro in Scaccario ex Ioh. Eversden wherein they give the King part of their owne by way of retribution onely as for I. defence of the State hence grew the scrâ—tage granted to H. 2. R. 1. King John and H. 3. To E 2. Ex histor Roffensi Ex Rot. tempore Ed. 3. Ex rot Par. anno 2. 3. 7. R. 2. diverse Fifteenes and Tenths for his warres against the Scots and Welshmen The Subsidie of Woolls and other contributions to Edw. 3. for his wars And the like granted to Rich. 2. an 2.3.7 so they may be imployed in the wars and particular Treasurers to account in Parliament So in the 8. and 9. H. 4 on the like condition Tonnage and Poundage began an 5. E 3. Rot. Pâ—r. anno 8. 9 H. 4. had thence his originall And therefore 13. Ed. 4. and 1. Hen. 5. they are granted so in expresse words and that they proceed of good will and not of duty Presidents of this nature are plentifull in all the Rolles of Parliament Ex benedicto Monacho in vita H. 2. II. For maintenance of Religion and Church as in the yeare 1266. Ex Adamo Merioneth To H. 2 was given 12 d. in the pound And in the 18. of E. 1. a Fifteenth was granted to expell the Iewes Ex rot Par. anno 4 R 2. And anno 4. R. 2. a Tenth of the Clergy and Fifteenth of the Commons for his help to suppresse the Wicklivian heresie Ex Radulpho Cogshâ—ll ex hist Roffensi Rot. Par. anno 23. E. 1. 13. E. 3. 7 H. 4. III. For support of the lawes and liberty of
all Merchants might come faciendo rectas et debitas consuetudines sed tibi timeant de Malistoltis for it had no better name then Maltolts Stat An. 25. E. 1. Some Impositions being laid by Ed. 1. he in Anno 25. taketh them away with promise that neither hee nor his Successours should doe any such thing without assent of Parliament Rot. Par. 31. E. 1. M. 42. granting in Anno 31. to the Merchants many immunities as release of prisage for which they requite him with some encrease of Customes but not as imposed by his owne power Stat. 34 E. 1. Ca 1. 2. for he in Anno 34. declareth that no tallage or ayde should bee levyed without the assent of Parliament nor nothing to be taken of wools by colour of Maltolt in E. 2. it appeareth that levying of new Customes and raising olde was the destruction of Traffique and therefore repealeth all Maltolts onely in Anno 11. 12. he taketh by way of Loane Rot. Clâ—us An. 11. E. 2 and with leave of the Merchant some former encrease upon wooll ascribing nothing to any supream power to impose Rot. Finem 4 E. 3. The like did E. 3. Anno 1. confirming in Anno 2. the great Charter for free Traffique But having about Anno Quinto granted certaine Commissions for a new kinde of raysing Tallage Stat. 2. E. 3. Ca. 9. rhe people complayned the yeare followng whereupon he repealeth the said Commissions and promiseth never to assesse any Stat. An 11 E 3. Cap 1. but as in time of his Ancestors After in Anno 11. by reason of a Statute then made restraining all men upon paine of death from transporting any woolls without Licence from the King and Councell Rot. Almaine 12 E. 3. M. C. 22 in Dors E. 3. made great advantage by selling of dispensations of that Law and grounded upon it many impositions but it fell so heavy upon the people that their discontents so farre increased that the King was enforced to cause the Archbishop of Canterbury to perswade them to patience by his godly exhortations Stat. 13. E. 3. Rot. Parâ— 13. E Stat 14. E 3. yet notwithstanding hee continued by gentle intermissions the advantage hee had by that Law taking an improvement of Custome for opening the passage that thereby was shut in Anno 13. untill the same yeare the State made purchâ—se of their former freedome and discharge of the Maltolt by granting the tenth Sheafe and fleece c. And thus it continued all his Raigne being a time of great necessity and expence by reason of the warrs he sometimes taking the advantage either to raise an imposition or else to gaine an aide from the people in discharge thereof they continually urging the injury in barring them their Birth-right and the King on the other side the greatnesse of his owne occasions and it may be gathered by Record that thus it held on untill the fifteenth of R. 2. in which yeare is the last Petition against Impositions generally grounded in likelihood from the Kings power in restrayning or permitting trade all the time after though License with Non obstante were ordinary Lcience grantâ—d by H. 4. H. 5. H. 6. to many Merchants with Non obstante any Statute yet were they to private persons and for particular proportions of commodities whereby the King succeeding raised no lesse benefit then by sale of any generall permission To this of impositions I may adde the Rule I find Anno 20. H. 6. made in counsell That all goods for payment of Subsidie shall berated of commodities domestick as they may be sold betweene Merchant and Merchant and if forraine then so as it shall appeare upon Oath of the Merchant or his Factor they stood them in at the first and the generall Maxime which limits all Regall advantage upon Trade of Merchants is Vt causa honesta sit necessaria ratio faciliâ— tempus idoneum Farming out of Customes So did Ed. 3. Claus Au. 5. E. 3. Orig. 17. E. 3. Rot. with the new and old customes at London for 1000. Markes monethly to be paid into the Wardrobe The like he did Anno 17. R. 2. Anno 20. letteth out for terme of life the Subsidie of Cloth in diverse Countries and E. 4. Anno 1. the Subsidie of ulnage of Cloth Thus did H. 8. with his Customes and since his time the late Queene and our late Soveraigne Lord King Iames and it was so then in use in the best govern'd State Rome which let out their portions and Decims to the Publicans Kings raise money and improve the Revenewes of the Crowne By Regalities 1 Temporall or 2 Mixt. As for 1 Liberties c. 2 Penalties of Lawes 3 Letters of favour 1 Liberties in granting restraining or renewing them It is a course usuall that the Kings have raised money by calling in question the Charters and Liberties of Corporations Leetes free Warrens and other Royalties Thus did R. 1. proclaiming Quod omnes Chartoe confirmationes quae prioris Sigilli impressione roboraverint irrita forent nisi porsteriori sigillo roborentur Ex. Rado Cogsh ll And H. 3. Anno 10. enjoyned all qui suis volebant libertatibus gaudere ut innovarent Chartas suas de nova regio sigillo getting money thereby Edw. 1. by diverse Commissions with Articles called Articuli de Ragman annexed to them Rot. Ragman Anno 7. E. 1. called in question about Anno 7. all the liberties and freedomes of England Gilbert de Thornton his Attourney putting in information by quo warranto against all persons as well bodies politicke as others whereby they are inforced anew to renew their Charters and Fine for their Liberties Ex. quo Warrant 13. E 3. The like was in Anno 13. E. 3. in whose time Anno 9. Al clauses of allowances by Charter of Amerciaments Fines c. imposed by the Kings Ministers upon any of the Tenants of other men were adjudged voyd and the penalties made payable to the Kings Officers Com. term Hill An 9. E 3. 9. 3. Rot. 8. unlesse they made a new purchase of their Liberties and this was one of the usuallist and easiest meanes to raise money from the people because it lighteth only upon the best abilities and if there were now but twenty pound taken of every Corporation of every Person that holdeth by Charter his liberties 50. pound for renewing of them And of every one that claimeth by prescription ten pound for purchase of a Charter All which would bee easie and acceptable it would amount to above one hundred thousand pound 2. For penall Lawes they have been sometime but with ill successe wrought upon When R. 2. Anno 22. began his Course Instruct Orig. 22. R. 2. appointing in all his Commissions Bushey onely to be of the Quorum for compounding with Delinquents it wrought in the affections of his people such distaste that it grew the death of the one and