Selected quad for the lemma: king_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
king_n	aaron_n	mark_n	protest_v	28	3	10.1707	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35234	Historical remarques and observations of the ancient and present state of London and Westminster shewing the foundation, walls, gates, towers, bridges, churches, rivers ... : with an account of the most remarkable accidents as to wars, fires, plagues, and other occurrences which have happened therein for above nine hundred years past, till the year 1681 : illustrated with pictures of the most considerable matters curiously ingraven on copper plates, with the arms of the sixty six companies of London, and the time of their incorporating / by Richard Burton, author of The history of the wars of England.	R. B., 1632?-1725?	1681 (1681)	Wing C7329; ESTC R22568	140,180	238

700 Marks And Aaron another Jew protested the K since his last being in France had taken from him at several times 30000 Marks of Silven beside 200 Marks of Gold given to the Queen At another time this King Henry squeez'd a sum out of the Jews and then let them out to farm to his brother Richard for a considerable sum which he payd him and he was to make what more of them he could He likewise built a Church for Converted Jews in London It happened about this time that a Jew fell into an House of Office upon Saturday and would not be taken out that day because it was the Jews Sabbath Whereupon the Earl of Gloucester said He should not then be taken out on the Sunday because it was the Christian Sabbath So that when Monday came he was taken out dead In the 7. of Edward the First the Jews at Northampton crucified a Christian Boy upon Good-fryday but did not throughly kill him for which fact many Jews at London were after Easter drawn at the horse tails and hanged The same year King Edward called in all the old money and coined new because it had been much clipped and defaced by the Jews for which 297 were at one time executed in London And in the eighteenth year of his Reign all the Jews were banished out of London and England there being at that time above fifteen thousand in the kingdom who had all their Goods seized and confiscate to the Kings use and onely so much money left them as would bear their charges out of the kingdom But before this he ordained that the Jews should wear a Mark or Cognizance upon their upper Garments whereby to be known and restrained their excessive taking of Usury In the Year 1656. several Proposals were made to Oliver Cromwel by Manasseh Ben Israel a Jewish Merchant in behalf of the Hebrew Nation for their free admission to trade and exercise their Religion in England and a Conference was held about it several days at Whitehall by divers Members of the Council and certain Ministers of the most eminent then in esteem and many arguments were urged some for and others against their admission but those that were against it so far prevailed that the Proposals took no effect And so much concerning the Jews To return now to the series of the Story King William Rufus was taxed with great Prodigality because when his Chamberlain brought him a new pair of Hose he asked what they cost and was told three shillings Away base Fellow quoth he are these beseeming a King Bring me a pair of a Mark. His Chamberlain went and bringing him another pair not so good as the former and telling him they cost a Mark I marry saith the King these are something like and was better satisfied with hearing what they cost than with seeing what they were worth and yet this was no disrepute to his wisdom for to say truth it is no defect of wisdom in a King not to know what his clothes are worth And though the Monks that writ in those times charge this King with covetousness yet by the following instance it doth not appear For when two Monks came to Court and offered large gifts to out-vie each other in obtaining an Abbots place lately dead a third Monk who was very sober and mean in attire came with them and stood by whom the King asked what he would give to be Abbot Nothing said the Monk for I entered my Profession to be poor and have hitherto little esteemed the Pomp and Riches of the World Then thou art the man replied the King and art more worthy to he their Abbot for thy Poverty than they for their Presents and conferring the place upon him checked the others But however there arose a great difference between him and Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury because he required the Bishop to give him a Thousand Marks for preferring him to that See which Anselm refused to give as judging it no less Simony to give after the preferment than before but yet afterward offering five hundred pound the King refused to accept it as being worth he said five times as much Whereupon Anselm told him Your Grace may have me and all that is mine to serve your turn in a friendly manner but in the way of servitude and bondage you shall neither have me nor mine Which-words so angred the King that they could never after be reconciled And Anselm often threatning to go to Rome the King told him plainly He would not thrust him out of the Realm but if he would go without his leave he would keep him out during his pleasure and besides he should carry nothing out of the Kingdom with him Yet Anselm ventured it and the King performed it for William Walwerst was sent to rifle him of all he had in his passage to Sea neither was he suffered to return as long as the King lived during all which time the King took the Profits of his Bishoprick to his own use This King enlarged the Tower of London and compassed it with new Walls he also built the great Hall at Westminster being 270 foot in length and 74 in breadth but thinking it too little he intended to have built another Hall which should have reached from the Thames to Kingstreet In the fourth Year of his Reign on St. Lukes day so great a Tempest of Wind happened that above six hundred Houses in London were thrown down therewith and the Roof of S. Mary le Bow Church in Cheapside was blown off which with the Beams were carried into the Air a great height and in the fall six of the Beams being 27 foot long were driven so deep into the Ground the streets not being then paved with stone that not above four foot remained in sight and yet stood in such rank and order as the Workman had placed them on the Church In the ninth Year of his Reign a blazing Star appeared with two Bushes or Tails and other Stars seemed to shoot darts at each other The last of his Reign the Sea breaking over its Banks destroyed a multitude of People and overwhelmed the lands sometime of Earl Goodwin in Kent which are yet called Goodwins Sands There was likewise a Well that cast out bloud instead of water for 15 days together and great flames of fire were seen at divers times and places All which Prodigies seemed to foretel the Kings death approaching for having kept his Christmas at Gloucester his Easter at Winchester and his Whitsuntide at Westminster notwithstanding he was forewarned by many signs of some great disaster as his own dream the night before wherein it seemed to him that the Veins of his arms were burst and abundance of blood streaming on the floor And of a certain Monk who dreamed that he saw the King gnaw the Image of a Crucifix with his Teeth and that as he was about to bite away the Legs of it the Crucifix with his feet spurn'd him

remarkable John Day a famous Printer dwelt in this Gate and built many Houses upon the City wall toward St. Anns Church You may read more of the new building this Gate in Aldersgate Ward In the sixth year of Edw. 6. Three was a Postern Gate made through the City VVall on the Northside of the late dissolved Cloister of Friars Minors commonly called Gray Friars Now Christ Church and Hospital this was done to make a Passage from Christ Church Hospital to St. Bartholomews Hospital in Smithfield and License was given to Sir Richard Dobbs Lord Mayor to do it by Virtue of an Act of Common Council Aug. 1. in the 6 of Edw. 6. The next Gate is on the Northwest and is called NEWGATE and is the fifth Principal Gate though built later than the rest being erected about the Reign of Hen. 1. or K. Stephen upon this occasion The Cathedral of St. Pauls being burnt down in the Reign of William the Conquerour 1086. Mauritius then Bishop of London did not repair the Old Church as some have thought but laid the Foundation of a new one which it was judged would hardly ever have been finished it was so wonderful for length bredth and height and likewise because it was raised upon Vaults or Arches after the Norman fashion and never known in England before After Mauritius Richard Beumore did very much advance the building of this Church purchasing the large Streets and Lanes round about which ground he incompassed with a strong Stone VVall and Gates By reason of this inclosure for so large a Church-yard the High-street from Aldgate in the East to Ludgate in the West was made so streight and narrow that the Carriage through the City was by Paternoster-Row down Ave-Mary Lane and so through Bouger Row now called Ludgatestreet to Ludgate or else by Cheapside through Watlingstreet and so through Carter-lane and up Creed-lane to Ludgate which Passage by reason of the often turning was very Inconvenient VVhereupon a New Gate was made to pass through Cheapside North of St. Pauls St. Nicholas Shambles and Newgate-street to Newgate and from thence westward to Holbourn Bridge or Turning without the Gate to Smithfield and Islington or Iseldon or to any place North or VVest This Gate hath for many years been a Prison for Felons Murderers Highwaymen and other Trespassers as appeareth by the Records of King John and others and among the rest in the 3. of Hen. 3. 1218. That King writ to the Sheriffs of London commanding them to repair the Goal of Newgate for the safe keeping of his Prisoners promising that the Charges thereof should be allowed them upon their Account in the Exchequer In the year 1241. The Jews of Norwich were hanged being accused for Circumcising a Christian Child their House called the Thor was pulled down and destroyed Aaron the Son of Abraham a Jew and other Jews in London were constrained to pay twenty thousand Marks at two Terms in the year or else to be kept perpetual Prisoners in Newgate at London and in other Prisons In 1255 King Henry 3. lodged in the Tower and upon some displeasure against the City of London for the escape of John Offrem a Clerk Convict Prisoner in Newgate for killing a Prior who was Cousin to the Queen He sent for the Lord Mayor who laid the fault on the Sheriffs to whose Custody the Prisoners are committed the Mayor was discharged but the Sheriffs were imprisoned above a month though they alledged the fault was in the Bishops Officers who though he was imprisoned in Newgate yet they were to see that he was kept safe But however the King required three thousand Marks of the City for a Fine In the third year of Edw. 3. 1326. Robert Baldock the Kings Chancellor was put into Newgate In 1237 Sir John Pouitney gave four Marks a year for releif of the Prisoners in Newgate In 1358 William Walworth gave likewise toward their relief and so have many others since In 1414 the Jaylors in Ludgate and Newgate died and 64 Prisoners In 1418 the Parson of Wertham in Kent was Imprisoned in Newgate In the first of Henry 6 1412. The Executors of Richard Whittington repaired Newgate And Thomas Knowles Grocer sometimes L. Mayor brought the wast water from the Cestern near St. Nicholas Chappel by St. Bartholomews Hospital to Newgate and Ludgate for the Accommodation of the Prisoners In 1431 all the Prisoners in Ludgate were conveyed to Newgate by the Sheriffs of London And soon after they fetcht from thence 18 Persons Freemen of the City who were led pinioned to the Counters like Felons by the false suggestion of the Jaylor of Newgate But Ludgate was a while after again appointed for Freemen who were Debtors and they were all carried back again thither In 1427. There was a great Skirmish in the North Countrey between Sir Thomas Percie Lord Egremond and the Earl of Salisburies Sons whereby many were wounded and slain but the Lord Egremond being taken was found to give the occasion and was thereupon condemned by the Kings Council to pay a considerable Sum of Money to the Earl of Salisbury and in the mean time was committed to Newgate and a while after both he and his Brother Sir Richard Percie brake out by night and went to the King The other Prisoners got upon the Leads over the Gate and defended it against the Sheriffs and all their Officers a great while till they were forced to call more Citizens to their Aid who at last subdued them and laid them in Irons Thus much of Newgate LUDGATE is the next in the VVest and the Sixth Principal Gate of this City and Historians say was built by King Lud near 66 years before our Saviours Nativity which shews its great Antiquity This being built for the VVest as Aldgate for the East In the year 1215. aforementioned being the 17th of King John when the Barons who were in Arms against the King entred this City and pull'd down the Jews Houses repairing the VValls and Gates of the City with the Stones thereof It appeareth that they then repaired or rather new built this Gate For in 1586 when this Gate was pulled down in order to its being repaired there was a stone found within the wall which seems to have been taken from one of the Jews Houses there being several Hebrew Characters ingraven thereon which being interpreted are thus in English This is the Station or Ward of Rabbi Moses the Son of the Honourable Rabbi Isaac This it is thought had been fixed upon one of the Jews Houses as a sign he lived there In 1260 Ludgate was repaired and beautified with the Images of Lud and other Kings but in the Reign of Edw. 6. these Images of the Kings had their Heads smitten off and were defaced by such as judged every Image to be an Idol In the Reign of Q. Mary they were repaired and new heads set upon their old Bodies which remained so till the 28 of Q. Elizabeth 1586.

the Kingdom but they go home again frustrate of their desi●es Not long after a Parliament is assembled at London and Henry de Bath one of the Judges and Councellour to the King who by corruption had got a vast Est●te is accused by Philip Darcy and Bath thereupon appears strongly guarded with his Friends The Accusations were many but especially two That he troubled the whole Realm and stirred up all the Lords thereof against the King and that for reward he had discharged a Malefactor out of Prison The King was so enraged to see him with so many men that mounting into an high place he cries out aloud Whosoever kills Henry de Bath shall be pardoned for his death and I do here acquit him and so departs But Sir John Mansel one of his Council spake thus to some who was ready to execute his will Gentlemen and Friends It is not necessary for us to put that presently in execution which the King commandeth in his anger for it may be when his wrath is over he will be sorry for what he hath said Besides if any violence be offered to Bath here are his friends ready to revenge it to the utmost And so Sir Henry Bath escaped the present danger and afterwards with money and friends made his peace About this time the King by Proclamation calls the Londoners to Westminster and there causeth the Bishops of Worcester Chichester to declare his intentions and to exhort the People to undertake the recovery of the Holy Land from the Saracens the King being persuaded thereto by the Pope who usually sent Princes abro●d to recover Palestine on purpose that he might fleece the Subjects of some and seize the Lands of others at home in their absence But the Londoners had no mind to this Pilgrimage and therefore all the Bishops Arguments prevailed onely upon three poor Knights whom the King thereupon in open view embraceth kisseth and calls his Brethren but checks the Londoners as ignoble Mercenaries and there himself takes his Oath for performing this Journey and to set forth upon Midsummer day next In taking his Oath he lays his right hand upon his Brest according to the manner of a Priest and after on the Book and kist it as a Layman Now for money to carry on this the King demands a Tenth of the Estates of the Clergy and Laiety for three years together To which end a Parliament is called at London where the Bishops are first dealt withal as being a work of Piety but they absolutely refuse it then the Temporal Lords are set upon and they answer as the Bishops which put the King into so great a rage that he drove out all that were in his Chamber as if he had been mad Then he falls to persuade them apart sending first for the Bishop of Ely and tells him how kindly he had formerly been to him the Bishop dissuades him from the Journey by the example of the French King and useth many other Arguments which the King hearing commanded the Bishop in great passion to be thrust out of doors and perceiving by this what he might expect from others he falls upon his former violent courses and the City of London is compelled to contribute a thousand Marks Gascoign is likewise ready to revolt unless speedy succour be sent them and general Musters are made which occasions another Parliament at London who it seems began to consider that the Kings turn must be served one way for other and therefore they agreed to relieve him the usual way rather than force him to those extravagant courses which he took Yet so as the Reformation of the Government and the Ratification of their Laws and Liberties might once again be solemnly confirmed After fifteen days consultation a Tenth is granted for this holy expedition and thereupon those often confirmed Charters called Magna Charta and Charta de Forestae are again ratified and that in the most solemn and ceremonious manner that State and Religion could possibly devise The King with all the chief Nobility of the Realm in their Robes and the Bishops in their Vestments with burning Candles in their hands assemble to hear the terrible Sentence of Excommunication against the Infringers of the same and at the lighting of those Candles the King having received one in his hand gives it to the Prelate that stood by saying It becomes not me who am no Priest to hold this Candle my heart shall be a greater testimony and withal laid his hand spred upon his brest during the reading the Sentence Which done he caused the Charter of King John his Father granted by his free Consent to be openly read And then having thrown down their Candles which lay smoaking on the ground they cried out So let them who incur this Sentence be extinct and have no better savour than these snuffs And the King with a loud voice said As God help me I will as I am a man a Christian a Knight a King crowned and anointed inviolably observe all these things And therewithal the Bells rung out and the People shouted for Joy Yet was not all quieted by this Grant for Si●●● M●●tford Earl of ●ercester a while after char●●g the King with breach of promise the King in great rage replied No promise was to be kept with an unworthy 〈◊〉 At which words Montford riseth up and protested That the King lied and were he not or 〈◊〉 by his Royal Dignity he he would make 〈◊〉 ●●pent his words The King commanded his Attendants to lay hold of him but the Lords would not suffer it Yet after this great affront Montford is again sent to Gascoun with a great Fleet by the King who goes also himself into France and there spends a vast deal of money but it is the Londoners must pay for all for returning home about Christmas they presented him with an hundred pound in Money and two hundred pound in plate which was so slighted and so ill taken that advantage was soon found against them about the escape of a Prisoner which cost them Three Thousand Marks and commonly he had every year one quarrel or other with the Citizens which they are sure to make satisfaction for Soon after another Parliament is called at London wherein the Lords again expostulate about their former Liberties requiring that the Lord Chief Justice c. should be chosen by Parliament They likewise require twenty four Conservators should be elected twelve by the King and twelve by themselves to see to the due execution of these Charters which the King knowing their strength yielded to and both he and his Son the Prince sware to confirm the same A while before the King sent to some Monasteries to borrow money his Officers alledging that the King was Lord of all they had who answered they acknowledged that but yet so as to defend it not to destroy it or take it illegally away from them K Henry 6 Murdered in the Tower K. Edward 5.4

his brother Murdered Q. Elizabeth Prisoner in the Tower The Lords having thus got the Government into their hands obliege the King to free them from all Obedience and Allegiance whensoever he infringed their Charter Yet soon after the King sends to R●me to be freed from his Oath which he obtained Whereupon the Lords put themselves into arms and Moniford Earl of Leicester their General takes many Castles The King likewise raises Forces The Barons march toward London under a Banner richly and beautifully flourished with the Kings Arms. And as they passed by the Houses or Possessions of those that favoured the Popes Bulls whereby the King himself and all others who had formerly sworn to observe and maintain those new Ordinances and Laws and to support the Authority of the twenty four Peers were fully absolved from their Oaths they robbed and wasted them as Enemies to the King and kingdom They then approached the City of London and by their Letters desired the Lord Mayor and Citizens to send them word whether they resolved to support the Authority of the Peers or not protesting before God themselves intended nothing else and that if any thing were defective in those Laws they should be reformed The Lord Mayor sends these Letters with all speed to the King who desired likewise to know whether they would support the Laws of the twenty four Peers or not they stoutly answered that they would since by the Kings command they had all sworn so to do The King was extreamly enraged at this answer but he could get no other and the same answer they sent to the Lords who thereupon proceeded in their march and were with much joy and kindness received into London and soon after routed the Prince who came against them with a considerable Army But some of the meaner sort of the City intending under the pretence of these disturbances to do mischief elected two ambitious Fellows whom they called the two Constables of London and agreed that at the tolling of a great Bell in St. Pauls Church as many as would join with them should be ready to act whatever the two Constables commanded them and though all endeavours were used to prevent them yet their desire of plunder so furiously transported them that upon the tolling that Bell a great number met together and marching about eight miles Westward from London they ruined and destroyed the House and Possessions of the Kings Brother Richard King of the Romans carrying away all his Goods with them Which insolent outrage much furthered the succeeding Wars for whereas before Richard being of a mild and virtuous disposition had used all his endeavours to make peace upon all occasions he now became a professed Enemy both to the Barons and the City of London After this the Lords sent a Letter to the King and protested with all humility and submission that they intended nothing but the performance of their Oaths by defending those Laws and Ordinances which had been established in Parliament for the benefit of the King and the Realm But the King his Brother Richard and Edward the young Prince thinking nothing more disdainful than that Subjects should rule and command their Sovereign resolved to revenge it and bid utter defiance to the Lords and both Armies met near a Town called Lewis in Sussex where a cruel Battel was fought and the King his Brother and the Prince were all taken prisoners with many other great Commanders and twenty thousand men slain Yet a while after upon some Conditions they were all three set at Liberty and the former Laws and Ordinances were confirmed in Parliament and the King took an Oath for confirming the power of the twelve Peers After which the Earls of Leicester and Glocester the two Generals of the Lords Party fell into a great difference which Prince Edward taking advantage of raiseth an Army and persuading the Earl of Glocester to join with him they fell upon the Earl of Leicesters Army and utterly routed them himself his eldest Son and many others being slain Which overthrow utterly defeated the Barons and revived the Melancholy King who calling a Parliament all the former Decrees were made void together with the power of the twelve Peers and the King regained his former Liberty and Authority When this Parliament was ended the King perhaps by the instigation of his Brother Richard who was so horridly abused without cause by the baser sort of the Inhabitants of the City resolved utterly to destroy and consume the City of London by Fire because he said the Magistrates and Inhabitants had always hated him and taken part with the Lords against him Whereupon those of the Nobility who were most in favour with the King humbly besought him By no means to do such an execrable deed which would not onely weaken his own Kingdom and Government but would likewise make him infamous throughout the World to all Generations They were very earnest in their suit and their Reasons were unanswerable yet the King prorested That he was resolved to do it and his determination should be unchangeable and his Justice upon such Rebellious Villains should be a President to deter all perverse and obstinate Rebels and Traitors in time to come This severe Resolution made the Citizens tremble at the indignation of their angry King so that perceiving his rage and fury not to be mitigated they caused an instrument to be drawn in writing which was confirmed with their Common Seal wherein they confessed their Rebellion and humbly craved pardon for the same and without any exception or reservation they wholly submitted their Lands Goods and Lives together with the whole City to the Kings Grace and Mercy This Instrument they sent to Windsor to the King by some of the chiefest of the Citizens who were ordered to present it on their knees but so furious was the Kings wrath against them and so implacable was his anger that he reputed none to be his Friends who interposed as Mediators on their behalf neither would he admit any of them into his presence but commanded them immediately to be thrown into prison and five of the principal of them he gave to the Prince together with all their Lands and Goods and all the rest he bestowed among his Attendants who made them Slaves and suffered them to enjoy the least part of their own But when the King had thus a little revenged himself and time had cooled his mighty passion he began to hearken to the importunate intercession of Prince Edward his Son and soon after received the City and all its Inhabitants into favour again and laying onely a Fine upon them of a thousand Marks he restored to them all their Charters Liberties and Customs which for their transgressions he had seized into his hands And now though these Intestine Troubles and Civil Wars which like an outragious Fire dispersed into the midst of a well compacted City had end angered the whole State of the kingdom were thus appeased