Iudeo residentiam in Scaccario Judeorum in servicio regis et quod ad ipsum pertinet secundum legem Scaccarii regis sicut et predecessores sui clerici regis ibidem habere consueverunt Teste ut supra per R. Waker The Iews could not then reside nor enjoy any office in the Iews Exchequer without the Kings special grant and license Neither could they sue for any debt especially upon an Obligation out of their common Chest without the Kings expresse license and grant Witnesse the president in the self same Roll and others forecited King Henry in the 36 of his reign granted by Patent to Aaron of York Elye le Eveske de London and Solomon le Eveske that for 4 years next ensuing they should not be taxed above set summes a year there mentioned to be paid half yearly by them into the Exchequer and that their set sums should be allowed in the original taxes assessed upon the commonalty of the Jews and be abated proportionably as their tax was abated Yea he granted this exemption to Aaron his Wife children not to be distrained and imprisoned for their debts or taxes so long as he had goods to satisfie them and to sue for goods and debts though out of the chest Rex omnibus salutem Sciatis quod concessimus Aaron de Ebor. Iudeo nostro quod nec ipse nec uxor ejus nec eorum pueri distingantur per corpora sua nec imprisonentur quamdiu catalia sua sufficiant ad districtionem faciend pro debitis nostris In cujus c. duratur per biennium T. R. apud VVestm 15 die Marcii Et mandat est Iustic ad custodiam Iudaeorum assign quod sic fieri et irrotulari faciant T. ut supra per Regem Rex omnibus c. Sciatis quod concessimus Aaron de Ebor. Iudeo nostro quod possit placitare coram Iustic nostris ad cust Iud. assign pro catallis et debitis suis recuperandis et ea petere sine occasione usque ad summam 400 lib. sine receptione Usurae licet catalla illa et debita fuerunt extra Archam Cyrogr. In cujus c. T. ut supra The like License to sue for Debts and Chattels out of the Chest to such a summe sine receptione Usurae I finde granted this year to Copin a London Jew to other Jews the same year with a writ to deliver a Jew out of prison committed upon a false complaint and this pardon of two Jews wives for flying to avoid imprisonment for their husbands taxes Rex pardonavit Floriae uxori Elye Blundi et Pigonae uxori Aaron Blundi Wayneriam quam meis Justiciariis promulgarunt pro fuga quam fecerunt pro Tallio super praedict Elye et Aaron assesso et mandat est praedict Justic quod praedict Floria et Pygona propter hoc non occasionentur T. R. apud Windsore 12 die Feb. Per ipsum Regem There was likewise this year a precept to the Iustices to give a Jews wife her full and reasonable dower of her husbands chattels Mandatum est Iusticiariis ad custod c. quod si Rosa quae fuit uxor Leonis Epi Iudei Ebor. nondum plenè habuit Dotem suam de catallis quae fuerunt ejusdem Leonis tunc eidem Iudeae plenam et rationabilem dotem suam habere faciant secundum legem et consuetudinem Judaismi Regis T. R. Per ipsum Regem This year the King assigned certain Jews of London to tax the rest of the Jews upon a common tax then imposed on them in this manner Rex assignavit Eliam Epis et Aaron fil Abrah Iudeos London ad assidend Tallagium super Communitate Iudeorum nostrorum London it a videlicet quod communitas illa eligat ipsis tercium idoneum ad Tallagium illud una cum dictis Eli Aaron assidend Et mandat est Constabul Turris London quod ipsum tercium sic electum eis faciat associari firmiter injungendo eis quod taliter ipsi provideant de Tallagio illo assidendo quod Rex illud terminis Statutis habeat et quod pro defectu eorum non oporteat regi graviter se capere ad Talliatores praedictos Teste per Philip Luvel It seems this tax then assessed amounted to 3500 marks by this ensuing record that year Rex Iustic ad custod Jud c. Sciatis quod Manuel Blund Judeus obtulit nobis dimid marc auri ut de Tallagio 3 mill marc et 500 marc talliaretur secundum catalla sua sicut ceteri Iudei de Communitate London talliantur Et ideo vobis mandamus quod si judicetis hoc esse ad commodum nostrum sic fieri faciatis T. R. How strictly this tax was levied appears by this writ to destrain the Lands Revenues wives children and chattels of all the Jews in York and for the arrears of Aaron too notwithstanding his former exemption Mandat est Vic. Ebor quod distringat Aaron de Ebor Iudeum et omnes alios Judeos Ebor. per terras et tenementa catalla uxores et filios et omnibus aliis modis quibus melius poterit ad reddend Regi Tallagium suum de terminis Sancti Martini et St. Hillarii prox preteritis et id sicut seipsum diligit non omittat T. R. apud Notingh 14 die Ian. I find a Precept of the King this year to detein a convert Jew in prison accused of a Rape and other Trespasses such Converts were they then Mandatum est Vic. Linc. quod M. conversum commorantem apud Tornie capiat et in prisona Regis salvo custodiat donec c. per Orfanna de Geterleg apellat de raptu et pace Regis fracta T. R. And this year Edw. de Westm Will. de Bretun Tho Espernun assignati sunt ad Inquisuionem fac de concelamentis Iudaismi tam in London quam alibi Anno 37 H. 3. The Jews advancing 5000 marks to the King beforehand for his passage into Gascoigne he thereupon made this Grant to them to be exempted from taxes till Easter and granted them writs in form of appeal if over-taxed witness this record Rex concessit omnibus Iudeis Angliae quod pro 4000 marc quas regi praemanibus ad passagium suum in Vascon pacaverint et pro 1000 marc quas Regi Ric. Com. Cornub. ad dictum passagium pro eis solvit quod sint quieti de Tallagio facto ad passagium regis in Vascon pro pred 5000 marc et quod non tallientur citra Pasche et omnes Iudei qui utlagati sunt pro dicto Tall. si placare voluerint quod debeant de dicto Tall. Rex concedit eis quod ad pacē Regis veniant Rex tamen vult quod nullū Breve allocationis valeat alicui Iudeo in isto Tallagio quia R. Com. Cornubiae 1000 marc de dicto Tallagio habere debet Rex etiam vult
Iudaisme to the Prince and a confirmation of his grant to a Jew Rex omnibus c. Sciatis quod cum dudum commissâ—rimus dilect primog nostro Judaismum nostrum Angliae habendum ad certum terminum cum omnibus ad Judaismum illum pertinentibus item quod idem fil noster omnia inde medio tempore illo perciperet Judeorum tam ratione mortis Iudeorum aliunde quam eodem modo-quo nos percipere debuissemus si Iudaismum praedict in manu nostra â—eâ—uissemus et dictus fil noster tertiam partem omnium catal et debitorum quae fuerunt Deulecres filius Aaron qui tunc in fata concessâ—â— ad ipsum filium nostr ratione mortis eâ—usdem Deulecres sicut moris est in Iudaismo pertinentem occasione â—osâ—rae concessionis antedict dederit et concesserit Hagio fil Mosse Iudeo London una cum custodia catal et debitorum pertinent ad pueros haeredes ejusdem Deulacres de catallis et debitis supradictis Nos praedict donationem concessionem ratam habemus acceptam Volentes etiam eidem Hagino gratiam facere specialem concedimus eidem quod de debitis 〈◊〉 extentam vel etiam prorogationem seu quietantiam aliquam vel donum nou faciemus infra quinquenâ—ium a tempore confect presentium In cujus c. T. R. apud Westm 26 die Novemb. In 51 H. 3. I find this grant to divers plundered Jews of Lincoln and other parts to recover their pawns which they could prove though their Charters were lost or not extant on Record Rex dilectis et fidelibus suis custodibus pacis in Com. Linc. North. Ebor. Vic. eorundem Com. et Vic. Norf. Suff. et Rutland et omnibus Ballivis et fidelibus nostris quos c. salutem Volentes Manfro and to sundry other Iews there named Iudeis Linc. et aliis Iudeis nostris ejusdem Civit. pro dampniset gravaminibus eis ab inimicis nostris illatis in insultu habito apud Linc nec non et in turbatione regni nostri gratiam facere ad praesens Concessimus quod Vadia sua nominata in Cyrogr. inter ipsos et debit suos confect de debitis quae sibi rationabiliter monstrari poterint in quorumcunque manibus existent vadia illa in manus suas secundum legem et consuetudinem Iudaismi nostri seisientur donec debita illa levantur et persolventur eisdem sicut praedict est nisi debitores illi rationabiliter monstrare poterint quod de debitis illis debent esse quieti In cujus c. T. R. apud Windsore The like Patent he made to Aaron the son of Lion le Blund a Jew of London this year upon the same grounds being plundered by the King enemies in London and elsewhere In 52 H. 3. the King confirmed the grant of Sâ—m a Jew of York to Hagino a Jew of London of certain houses in York and grants to him further pro nobis et haeredibus nostris sibi et haeredibus suis quod supra domos praedict nulla fiat districtio pro aliquibus debitis in quibus Aaron the father of Samuel nobis tenebatur die quo in fata concessit T. R. 30 die Aug. He likewise ratified the grant of a Jew of Wilton of a debt due to him to Tho. de Irpeign with the grants of several houses in Winton by sundry Christians and Jews to Benedict a Jew of Winton Pardons a fee to a Jew and grants some Jews that had suffered for him leave to levy their debts on their debtors lands There is likewise mention of what moneys were delivered into the Kings VVardrobe this year out of the profits of his Judaisme and an acquittance thereof to his Iustices This year the King granted to Hagino fil Mossei and some other Jews that they should be exempted quieti de omnibus auxiliis et Tallagiis super ipsis assidendis et de quibuscunque debitis in quibus nobis tâ—nentur from the feast of St. Andrew usque in terminum proximo sequent T. R. apud Clarendoâ— 27 die Novemb. In the Clause Rolls this year I find fines made by the Jews to the King to enjoy the goods and debt of other Iews Prohibitionâ— to the Iustices iâ—inerant noâ— to suffer any Iews to be vexed or prosecuted before them cum sicut nostis Iudei Angliae coram aliquibus Iustic nostr de aliquibus Judaismum nostr tangâ—â—â—ibus non debâ—ant placitare vel respondere nisi coram Iustic nostriâ— ad custod Iud. assignatis A grant to some Iews not to pardon acquit prorogue or â—extend their debts for 5 years with a confirmation thereof and repeal of all subsequent grants to the contrary And a Grant of one Jews debt to another and power to levy it notwithstanding any former pardons and releases thereof In the Plea Rolls of Hilary Term Anno 52 H. 3. in the Treasury of the Exchequer theie are several Legal suits and proceedings before the Justices of the Jews in the Exchequer some whereof I shall transcribe Decanus et Capitulus Linc. per suum attornatum opt se 4 die versus Mosseum de Warwic de Placito quod injustè ab eis exigit debitum per quandam cartam falsam et contra Assisam Iudaismi confectam ut dicunt et ipse non venit Et praeceptum fuit Constabulario quod ipsum attachiari faciat ita quod haberet corpus ejus coram Justiciariis c. Upon which the Constable returned Quod dictus Mosseus Non est inventus c. Et similiter praeceptum est Vicecomiti Linc. quod attachiari faciat â— In this Roll there are divers Actions against Jews De placito acquietationis debiti c. to discharge them of Debts and to deliver up their Charters Pawnes and Morgages pretended to be discharged released pardoned or satisfied Done de Walingford petit versus Henricum Cobbe custodem haeredis et terrarum Nicholai Cuppins medietatem unius Messuagii in parochia Sancti Petri in Winton quae quondam fuit Dyay viri sui unde ipse Dyay vir ipsius ipsam secundum Legem et consuetudinem Iudaismi dotavit c. In the 7th Roll there is a Confirmation of the Kings of certain Debts and Annuities assigned by Hagino Son of Moses a Jew to Adam of Stratton and this ensuing Writ to the Sheriff of Essex and elswhere to discharge one Peter Fitz-Roger of all Debts due to the Jews after proclamation made in the Schools and Synagogues of the Iews two or three Sabbaths and not suing for them within a prefixed time after such Proclamations returned Praeceptum fuit Vicecomiti Essex quod clamari faciat per Scolas Judeorum Colecester per duo vel tria Sabbata si aliquis Judeus vel Judea aliquod Debitum exigere poterit de Rogero filio Petri filii Gilberti de debito suo proprio vel c. tunc essent ad compotum Et
Vicecomiti mandatur tam Litera Latina quam Hebraica quod nullus Judeus vel Judea aliquod Debitum exiget de predicto Rogero c. Eodem modo praeceptum fuit Constabulario Castri Norwic. and others by writs both in Latin and Hebrew and the certificate returned upon these writs was made both in Latine and Hebrew The usual form in that age in such cases In like manner Praeceptum fuit Constabulario Turris London quod clamari faciat per Scolas Judaeorum London per duo vel tria Sabbata si aliquis Iudeus vel Iudea aliquod Debitum exigere poterit c. that then they should come in ad computandum c. and the returns of them are in Hebrew and Latin In the same Roll there is a recital of a Charter made by the King dilecto fratri et fideli nostro Willielmo de Valence et haeredibus vel assignatis of an Annuity of 50 marks yearly wherein Peter Fitz Matthew was bound to Aaron ben Abraham a Iew of London usque in finem saeculi the usual form of the Iews charters in cases of fee simple which Annuity the Iew had given to the King In the end of the Charter the King warrants the gift Secundam Assisam Iudaismi In the dorse of the same Roll there is a Confirmation by the King of an Assignment of Annuities Debts to William Charls by Sampson Son of le Mestre a Jew and a VVrit Iusticiariis ad custodiam Iudaeorum assignatis to inroll the Patent dated ad Clarendon with divers other writs of that nature In the 8 Roll * of the Pleas that year there is this writ to the Sheriff Henricus Dei gratia c. Vicecomiti Essex salutem Constat Justiciariis nostris ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis per inspectionem Rotulorum de Scaccario nostro scilicet quod Aaron filius Duessad vendidit et demisit dilecto et fideli nostro G. de Clare Com. Glouc. et Hereford unum debitum de 20 l. de feodo sub nomine Willielmi de Bernham et Magistri Elye Iudei together with other Debts c. Et quod praedictus Aaron habuit seisinam per praeceptum nostrum de terris tenementis quae fuerunt praedictorum VVillielmi et Roberti another of the Debtors in Borham pro debitis praedictis quam quidam seisinam praefatus Comes habuit per praeceptum nostrum occasione venditionis praedictae de terris et tenementis praedictis Ac postmodum Iohanna quae fuit uxor Will. de Berneham et Iohannes Anger in Curia nostra coram Nobis recuperaverunt seisinam de praedictis terris tenementis per Judicium Curiae nostrae praedictae Et quia eadem seisina sic prefatis Iohannae et Iohanni adjudicata c. nihil debet praejudicare predicto Comiti quin secundum Assisam et Consuetudinem Judaismi nostri habeat talem seisinam de terris et tenetis praedictis qualem prius habuit occasione dictorum debitorum ut predictum est Tibi praecipimus quod seisinam quam praefatus Comes prius habuit de terris et tenementis predictis eidem rehabere facias c. In the same Roll there is this Inquisition made upon the Murder of a Jew slain at Oxford Praeceptum fuit Constabulario Castri Oxoniae et Cyrographo Christiano et Judeo Archae Cyrograph ejusdem quod per Sacramentum 12 Iudeorum inquirant quae bona et catalla Iacobus Baseni de Oxon Judeus Oxon interfectus habuit die quo interfectus fuit Eodem modo preceptum est Ballivis Oxon quod per Sacramentum 12 Christianorum inquirant quae catalla dictus Iacobus habuit die quo interfectus fuit c. Which will well explain the Articles in the ancient Eyres and the manner of Inquiry and proceedings thereon De catallis Iudaeorum occisorum c. In the Plea Rolls of the same year and Term there is this record manifesting that all Debts and Stars of converted Jews belonged to the King Iospin fil Solomon de Merlebridge shews to the Court that Iocette his Sister was married to Salom filius Lumbard of Kirkland Et quod ipsa habuit in Archa Cyrogr. Merlebridge unum Cyrographum de 32 marcis sub nomine suo et Hugonis Lovel Rectoris Ecclesiae de Rudburn that Iocette became a convert Christian and then did Solomon alter the Deed in his own name Quae quidem Carta fuit Domini Regis per conversionem praedictae Jocettae et quod hoc totum sit verum obligat omnia bona c. out of spight to his Sister for that she was turned Christian to make her forfeit this debt Et preceptum est Vicecomiti quod venire faciat praedictum Hugonem et Cyrographum Christianum Archae Cyrographorum Merlebrige et 6. Christianos de Merlebrig c. Et postea ipse Iospinus non est prosecutus Ideo omnia catalla dicti Iospini capiantur in manum Domini Regis prout ipse obligavit c. A just requital of his malice Praeceptum fuit Cyrograph Christianis et Iudaeis Archae Cyrogr. Norwic. quod ad Archam accedant c. and there take out 20 l Debt for Edward the Prince due unto him c. Praeceptum est Cyrograph Christian Judeis Archae Cyrogr. Norwic. quod ad Archam praedictam accedant and there take out all the Charters Pawns and Rolls belonging to Abraham a few of Norwich for the Kings use because he had not paid his Tallage of ten pounds to the King Rot. 10 11 and 12. of the Pleas of Hil. 52 H. 3. consist for the most part of Staâ—rs of the Jews some whereof are assignments of Debts and Sales of Annuities by Jews to Adam de Stratton Simon de Zouch and other Christians ratified by the Kings confirmation Others of them releases of Debts by way of Acquittance These Stars usually began thus Solomon de London Judaeus cegnovit per Starrum suum c. In the 53 year of King Henry the 3. a certain Jew abetted by the other Jews in high contempt of Christ crucified in the solemn Procession at Oxford on Ascention day threw down and brake in peeces the Crosse that was carried before the University in Procession and then fled Wherupon by the Kings special command all the in Oxford were apprehended and their goods secured till they out of their own goods and chattels erected a new standing beautifull high Crosse adorned with guilt Pictures of Christ and our Lady in the place where this wickednesse was perpetrated and made another rich portable silver guilded Crosse to be carried before the University of the Masters and Scholars of Oxford in their Processions which were to be made by a time prefixed for the publike manifestation of the honour of God in this behalf as these Records at large inform us though not mentioned by any of our Historians Rex Vic. Oxon. salutem Cum Judaei nostri Oxon. nobis adhuc
Johis Baptistae ad Iusticiam de ipsis faciendam Quia mandat est Iustic illis quod una cum t is ad hoc intendant Also Rex pardonavit Tho. de Pulton 8 lib. quas idem T. debet Mosseo Crespin Iudeo una cum omnibus usuris quae inde proveniant postquam eas ab eodem Iudaeo mutuaverat Et mandat est Baron de Scac. quod ipsum inde quietum esse et cartam suam pro praedicto debito impignoratam eidem Iudeo deliberari fac Et mandatum est Edwardo fil Odonis quod totam pecuniam suam quam rex eidem Tho. donat pro domibus suis occasione praedict debiti arrestatam ei deliberantur The King this year imposed a Tax of sixty thousand marks upon the Jews as appears by these seisures of their debts towards the payment thereof Mandat est Ed. fil Odonis c. quod solvat ad Scac. Regis 23 l. 5 s. 8 d. quas Tho. de Pulton debet Mossâ—o Crespin Iudeo in parte solutionis debitorum quae idem Iudeus reddere tenebatnr ad Pasche proximo preterit de portione tallag 60 mil. marc eundem Jud. contingent T. R. apud Wind. 4 die Iunii It seems part of this Tax or another was payable the next year by this Mandate Mandatum est Iusticiar ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis quod non distringant aut distringi permittant Aaron fil Abraham de tallagio 10 millium marc de termino sancti Michis An. r. n. 31 nisi pro 53 marc et dimid ipsi inde de eodem termino contingent T. R. apud Winds 23. die Augusti These tallages were usually imposed on the Jews in their absence being not privy thereto unlesse specially admitted as appears by this Record concerning the Iews of Canterbury who gave the King half a mark of gold that one of them might be present at the imposing of the next tax Quia Iudei Cantuarii dederunt dimid marc auri quam Regi prae manibus reddiderunt pro eo quod concederet eis quod unus Iudeus ejusdem villae Cantuar. intersit tallagio assidendo quod assideri debet apud Northamp Mandatum est Iusticiaris ad custod Iudeorum assignatis quod unam ex ipsis ad hoc eligi et dicto tallagio assidendo interesse faciant T. R. apud Feversham 20 die April Amongst the records in the Treasury of Receipts in the Exchequer I find this Inter Placita et Assis capt apud Northampton in crast Nativ Sancti Iohan. Baptistae Anno Regis Henrici c. 23. coram Rogero de Thâ—rkelby et sociis suis rot 38. Ivo fil Abraham de Stanford Iudeu rectatus de retonsura denariorum venit et dat Domino Regi 20s quod possit esse sub placito respondend ad preceptum Dom. Regis Plâ—gii sui Solomon fil Sancho fil Isaac Benioy fil Aaron de Stanford Whether he were condemned or acquitted for this his clipping of money for which he was then bailed I find not on Record In the 32 year of Henry the 3. I meet with these Records concerning the Jews Rex mandavit Justic ad custodiam Judaeorum assign quod non distringant vel distringi permittant Aaron fil Abrahami de Tallagio 60 millium marc pro duobus milibus marc de termino sancti Michis anno 32. nisi pro quinquaginta et tribus marcis et dimid ipsum inde de eodem termino contingentibus sicut ipse talliatus fuit ad pasch proximo preteritum Et si sorte ipsum ad plus talliaverint illud relaxari et super communitatem Judeorum assidi faciant Teste Rege apud Farendon 29 die Augugusti By which it appears the Jews were taxed at sixty thousand marks in this one year A vast sum in those dayes The same year the King grants respestum de quibuslibet veteribus debitis Iudei c. Particularly Rex dedit respectum Aaron Judeo Ebor. de centum libris quas Regi solvisse debuit ad scac Pasch anno regni Regis 32. usque ad quindenam paschae sancti Iohannis Baptistae anno eodem et mandatum est Baronibus de Scaccario quod respectum illum ei habere faciant T. R. apud Rading 17 die Maii. There is this record this year concerning the Jews of Canterbury Iudei Cantebr liberaverunt in Garderoba regis apud sanctum Edmundum die Lunae prox post cineres quinque Marc. de quibus praedicti Judei promiserunt regi respiciendas in adventu regis apud Cantebr Et mandat est Justic ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis quod pro predictis quinque marc ipsos Judeos non distringant Teste Rege apud Windesor primo die Maii. Mandar est c. quod distringi faciant terras quae fuerunt Mathei Peverel c. for a debt due to a Jew and to others to answer a debt to Aaron the Jew In the 33 of H. 3. I find these records concerning the Jews An Extent of Robert de Muntenay in Littlebar of a Jews land per Sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum extendi fac c. The King himself in that age appointed the Jews Bayliffs in the Eschequer as is evident by this record Mandatum est Justic ad custodiam Judeorum assign quod non permittant quod aliquis Judeus habeat aliquam Ballivam ad Scacc. Judeorum praeter Jacobum Episcopum Abrah fil Vines et Jacob fil Flurye et si Elyas Episcopus qui prius fuit ad dictum Scac. resideat ad idem Scac. per preceptum Regis tunc Rex vult quod recipiant Aaron fil Abraham tanquam socium suum T. R. apud Westm xi die Julii anno c. The King then likewise appointed the Clerks of the Jews Exchequer and the Cirographers of their publick Chests as this record doth manifest Rex vult quod Abraham fil Vines sit clericus Regis in Scac. suo Iudeorum et quod sit Cyrograph Archae Regis Cyrograforum Iudaeorum apud London loco Abrahamae fil Muriell Et ideo mandatum est Justic. ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis quod acceptis ab eodem Abrahamo fil Vines sufficientibus plegiis de fidelitate ipsum ad praemissa Officia admittant et clavem Archae Cirographorum quam Abraham fil Muriel habet eidem liberari faciant T. R. apud Westm xxix die Junii Rex vult quod Aaron fil Abraham Iudeus London resideat ad Scaccarium Regis Iudeorum tanquam Vines c. ut supra T. R. apud Winton 26 die Maii. The same year I find an Extent of John of Coniz of Brewineston his Land for a Debt to a Jew per sacram proborum et legalium hominum extendi fac c. T. R. apud VVestm 9 die Maii. The same year Aaron of Yorke agreed again with the King to pay a certain Tax to him yearly expressed in this Patent Rex omnibus
pro debitis Ri. Rom. R. deliberet admandatum Justiciariorum vel alterius cujuscunque sine assensu et voluntate Cresse Abrah Judeorum attornat praedict R. Alemanniae T. R. apud Winds 17 die Jan. In Cl. 41. H. 3. m. 7. There is respite of a debt granted to Kok a Jew And Writs to the Justices of the Jewes for some Jews Quod non ponantur in Tallagio quamdiu terminos suos tenuerint of their annual compositions to be exempted from taxes with this prohibition to the Kings Justices itinerant not to hold Psea of any matter belonging to the Jews Quia Rex non vult quod Judei sui placitent vel implacitentur alibi quam coram Justic Regis ad custod Jud. assignatis Mandatum est Rogero de Thurks et sociis suis Justiciariis Itiner in Com. Linc. quod omnia placita tangentia Hagium Jud. Linc. coram eis ponant coram Justic praedict ut ipsi eidem Judeo et aliis de eo contingentibus Justiciam exhibeant secundum legem consuetudinem Judaismi T. R. apud Westm 7 die Ian. Per Phil. Lovel Simonem Passelewe Iustic Iudeorum who had power to grant prohibitions to the Iustices in such cases If the Iewes were sued before their Iustices and made default and could not be found to be distreined the Iustices thereupon used to seise their Charters and Debts in the Chests yea houses into the Kings hands as till they appeared as this record of 42 H. 3. attests Quia Rex accepit per inquisitionem quam per Rog. de Marcio Simon Passelewe Will. de Haslebech fieri fecit quod duae Cartae quae fuerunt Manuel fil Elie Iudei Linc. inventae in Archa Cyrograph regis Ebor. captae fuerunt in manum regis pro defalt is quas fecit vers Will. de Kined al. personam Ecclesiae de Martin Lingeslet in curia regis coram Iusticiariis nostr ad custod Iudeorum assign apud Westm eo quod non potuit alio modo distringi attachiari quod idem Iudeus propter timorem defaltarum illarum pro paupertate sua substraxit se a Villa Linc. non ob aliam causam Rex ad instantiam Alfonsi Reg. Castile Legionum illust remisit quantum ad Regem pertinet eidem Iudeo substractionem praedict ei praedict cartas reddidit ita quod in dicta villa Linc. vel alibi inter Iudeos regis libere in bona pace morari possit stare juri quando et ubi debuerit secundum legem consuetudinem Iudaismi regis Et mandat est Thesaur Baron Scac. Et Iustic quod sic fieri teneri dicto Iudeo praedict cartas suas restitui fac de domibus ad ipsum Iudeum spectantibus in praedict villa Linc. plaenam et celerâ—m Iusticiam exbibeant eidem secundum legem consuetud Judaismi praedict T. R. apud Merton 10 die Junii per Instic Mansell alios de concilio It appears by this and former Records that the Jews gold could procure Kings Queens and other Grandees to be their Intercessors upon all occasions It is plain by this Record that the Jews claimed an exemption from suits for their Tallages before the Barons of the Exchequer Rex de consilio suo provide concessit quod de 500 marc assesso super communitatem Judeorum Regi de tallagio suo arentata de termino St. Michis de an 44. de quibus Barones de Scac. summonitionem fieri â—ecerunt Vic. R. per Angliam ad respondeâ— â—nde coram praedict Baron ad praedict Scac. eidem Vic. respondeant ad Scac. R. Judeorum coram Hugone le Bygod Justic Angl. Justic R. ad custod Judeorum assignat Et mandat est praedict Baron quod sic fieri et teneri faciant T. R. apud Woodst 15 die August per ipsum regem et Consilium This year divers Jews being imprisoned the King and his Council gave order for their release till further provision made concerning them Quia Rex intendit ordinare de Judaismo suo per consilium suum die Dom. prox post fest S. Mar. Magdal Provisum est per consilium regis Et mandatum est Ballivo de Wallingford Constab Castri Winton Turris Lond. quod omnes prisones Judeos in custodia sua detentos deliberent quousque provisiopraedicta facta fuerit Et mandat est Hugoni de Cresse Jude is Lincoln quod nullam interim districtionem faciant super praedict Judeos sed deliberationem illam ipsam ipsi permittant Anno 43. H. 3. A Jews Wife being banished out of England the husband paid a fine in gold to have licence for her to return and dwell there Ex parte Judeae uxor Abrahae Russel quondam Judeus de Wilton factus est finis cum rege pro 20 ralent auri pro habenda licentia Regis revertendi in Angliam ibidem vivendi in pace in rot claus T. Rege After this the Iews giving the King 500 marks towards his passage into France there issued this Patent for the speedy and violent assessing and levying of it Rex Constab Turris London salutem Cum Iudei nostri Angliae dederunt nobis 500 marc sterling ad passagium nostrum in Franc. quod erit deo voleute 1 die Sept. instantis tibi precipimus in fide qua nobis tener firmiter injungimus quatenus sicut honorem nostrum diligis et indignationem et grave dampnum tuum volueris evitare statim visis literis absque omni dilatione facias assidi per Coc fil Aaron Man Blundum et Leon. Preciosae 100l super Commun Judaeorum London quae eis contingunt de praed 500 mar Quibus festinanter assessis statim distringas tres praedictos assessores quam omnes alios Judaeos praed villae per terras catalla et corpora eorum uxorum puerorum suorum et omnibus modis aliis quibus melius scieris et poteris ad reddendum hoc ad opus nostrum portionem quemlibet â—orum contingentem de praed 100 lib. Ita quod eas habeas plenarie penes te per praedict assessores Judeos apud Turrim London die decol Sancti Iohannis Baptist prox instanti et ita quod praedict passag nostrum ad praedict diem pro defectu praedict denariorium nullatenus impediatur Sciturus certissime quod nos in omnibus mandatum nostrum adimplendis tam graviter ad te capiemus quod plus ex hoc senties te gravatum quam si de tuo proprio solveres pecuniam memoratam Quia tuum gravamen dabit aliis timorem delinquendi Et habeas ibi tunc hoc breve T. R. Archidiac Bed Thes nostro apud Westm 6 die Augusti Mandat est Constabul Turris London and three more there named quod omnes Archas Iudaeorum in pred Turri existentes aperiri et omnia catalla et debita in eisdem inventa distrahi et aperte
irrotulari faciant et ea quae ibid. invenient Regi constare faciant In cujus c. T. R. apud Westm 5. die Nov. Anno 44 H. 3. Cok and his Brother two Jews having four years before made a fine of 2000 marks in silver for the goods of their Father except the Chattels the Queen would take for her gold c. The King granted them for a fine to pay the arears of the 2000 mark at certain times and in the mean time to be freed from all Taxes unless only for their own proper goods as appears by a special Patent part of which monyes they were to pay and paid in gold into the Wardrobe This year there issued a Precept to seize and levy all the Jews Debts Mandatum est Justic ad custod Iud. assignatis quod omnia debita tam ea quae sunt in Thesaur Judaismi Regis quaÌ„ ea quae manent in summonitione contenta in rotulis Scacc. Iudeorum quae scil debita excedunt 20 mar liberent sine dilatione The saurario et Baronibus de Scac. ponend in summonitionem ibidem retentis tamen penes ipsis Iustic transcriptis eorundem T. R. apud S. Paulum London 9. die Maii Per H. le Bygod Anno 45 H. 3. The King at the Queens Petition granted Solomon Eveske of London to be free from all Taxes for two years he also issued forth these Letters Patents to search inroll and inquiâ—e after all Jews debts pawns estates c. Rex Vic. Constabular Castrorum Majoribus Ballivis Cirographr et omnibus Ministris suis de Wilton Merleberge Glouc. Bristol Exon et omnibus aliis presentes Literas inspecturis salutem Sciatis quod assignavimus Magist Robert de Meleel et Radul de Hocest ad Archas Citogr Judaeorum aperiendas et scrutandas et ad omnia debita in eisdem inventa irrotulanda et ad inquirend omnibus modis quibus melius viderint expedire de bonis et catallis praed Judeorum mobilibus et immobilibus extra Archas viz. quantum singuli habeant in auro et argento vadiis jocalibus terris redditibus et omnibus rebus aliis in quorum manibus vel custodiis fuerint et devenerint tam in Civitatibus Villis domibus religiosis quam ab omnibus locis aliis ut de predict debitis et catallis et eorum quantitate certificari possumus Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ad omnia praedicta exequenda et expedienda predicto Roberto et Radul sit is intendentes consulentes et auxiliantes in omni forma quam vobis dicent et injungent ex parte nostra In cujus c. T. R. apud Turr. London 16 die Iulii Consimiles Literas Pat. habet Simon Passelewe Archis Winton Oxon. Bed Northam Georgius de Dover Willielmus Hamselbech apud Cant. Essex Norff Suff. et Canteb Roger de la Lye apud Stanford Lincoln Not et Ebor. de Hereford Warwicke Wigorn. This year the King granted this Patent of Safe conduct for a time to Solomon a Jew who had abjured the realm to return for a season for his special service Rex omnibus c. salutem Licet Solomon le Eveske Judeus abjâ—ravit regnum nostrum tamen quia inter homines terrae pro quibusdam negotiis nos specialiter tangentibus in Angl revertat concessimus ei quod salvo et secure venire possit in regnum nostrum Et ideo vobis mandamus quod eidem Judeo in veniendo morando ceu recedendo malum non inferatis vel inferri permittatis impedimentum dampnum vel gravamen Et si quid c. In cujus c. Duratatur usque ad Festum Sancti Trin. prox futur T. R. apud Turrim London 16 die April This year the Wardens and Constable of the Tower of London claimed this priviledge by prescription that they ought to have the atachment imprisonment of all Jews Jewesses of London and other places and of all Christians and Jews that were to be attached or imprisoned by the judgement of the Justices and Exchequer of the Iews for any matters concerning Judaisme and likewise to hold Plea in the Tower of all Debts of Iews under 40 s. which priviledge the King allowed and commanded to be observed by this Writ Rex Justic suis ad custod Iud. assign salutem Quia Custodes et Constab Turris nostrae London semper habere consueverunt omnia attachiamenta tam Iudeorum quam Iudearum Lâ—ndon quam aliorum Iud nostrorum forinsecorum et etiam imprisonamentum tam Christianorum quam Iudeorum quos occasione Iudaismi Prisonae nostrae contigerit adjudicari vel per preceptum nostrum vel per considerationem Scac. nostri Judeorum Quia etiam predicti Custodes et Constab tenere consueverunt placita inter Christianos et Iudeos de vadiis usque ad summam 40 s. Providimus volumus quod de cetero sic fiet in omnibus Et ideo vobis mandamus quod omnes tam Christianos quam Judeos quos contigerit per preceptum nostrum vel considerationem praedicti Scac. nostri Iudeorum caâ—cerali custodia ratione Judaismi quoquo modo committi eos liberari faciatis Constab Turris nostrae et per ipsos et Ministros suos praedict faciatis attachiamenta de Judeis et placita vadiorum teneri sicut praedict est Ita quod nullus nisi Constabularius predict Turris nostrae de caetero se intromittat de hujusmodi attachiamentis vel imprisonamentis vel placitis vadiorum praedict Et hoc faciatis firmiter teneri et observari T. R. apud Sanctum Paulum London 26 die Maii. Which record fully sets forth the Iurisdiction of the Keepers and Constable of the Tower of London over the Jews persons and affairs in that age Rex Iustic ad Custod c. Monstravit nobis Cresse Iudeus de Wilton qui decimo anno preterito finem vobiscum fecisset per aurum ad opus nostrum ut sine occasione implacitare posset coram vobis Galf. de Winelesford de debitis quae ei debet extra Archam JudaeoruÌ„ quod idem Galf. recognovisset coram vobis se debere praefato Iudeo X. libr attamen quidam prefat Iudeo invidentes ipsum super dicto debito fraudulenter et maliciose inquietare et molestare nituntur Et ideo vobis mandamus quod si scrutatis rotulis Scac. nostri Judeorum inveneritis ipsum Judeum finem predict fecisse tunc finem illum secundum irrotulat praedict et consuetudinem Judaismi nostri remanere fac sine occasione T. R. apud Windes 5. die Febr. The King wanting present moneys this year sent forth this writ Quia Rex plurimum indiget ad praesens pecunia Mandat est Justic ad custod Iudeorum assignat quod omnes denarios de Judaismo regis quos reservant ad aurum inde emend ad opus Regis sine dilatione liberent in Garderoba Regis Aberico de
rotulos et brevia Iudaismum tangentia quae sunt in custodia sua liberet Iustic ad custod Iudeor assign custodiend quamdiu Rex aliud inde praeceperit This year the King writing to Hagiâ—o a Jew of London to deliver monyes of the Merchants of Flanders there arrested and left in his Custody begins thus Rex Hagino fil Mossei Iudeo London statum vitae melioris Cum per literas nostras c. The same year the King granted to Aaron le Blund a Jew liberty to sue for his debts which he formerly pardoned his debtors Non obstante pardonatione nostra de debitis dicti Rogeri praefato Judaeo facto The Jews sustaining much loss by the Barons and Kings enemies I find this recitall thereof by the King who granted them other Jews debts for their relief as this and other presidents manifest Rex Iustic suis ad custod c. Soiatis quod pro dampnis et jacturis quae Haginus fil Mossei Iudeus London pro nobis sustinuit in turbatione habita in regno nostro Nos in auxilium relevationis suae status dedimus ei 50 lib. in quibus Willielmus de Dyve defunctus per cartam suam tenebatur Jacobo fil Ladonis Iudeo London nuper defuncto cujus debita et catalla devenerunt ad manum nostram ratione mortis ejusdem Et ideo vobis mandamus quod praedict 50 lib. secundum consuetud Judaismi nostri leuari et eidem Hagino una cum carta supradicta liberari faciatis de dono nostri T. R. apud Westm 1 die April The like grant of another Jews debt upon the same account was this year made to Elyas sonne of Mosse a Jew to be allowed in his Tallages and other debts to the King Ibid. m. 10. The King pardons Peter de Novel and Andrew de Winton the debts they owed to Jews The Iews in London both before and after the battel of Lewes being spoiled of their houses and goods there during the Civil wars by the Kings Enemies and the Barons then in arms against them he thereupon in the 50 year of his reign enabled them to sue for and recover their goods and houses again except such as himself had sold and disposed of and restored them to the self-same condition they were in before the battle of Lewes by this ensuing writ and grant Rex Hugoni filio Ottonis Custodi Civitatis suae London salutem Cum pro variis dampnis et injuâ—is Iudeis nostris Angliae in turbatione regni nostri ab Inimicis nostris illatis de Consilio Magnatum nostrorum qui sunt de Consilio nostro Concessimus omnibus et singulis Iudeis praedictis quod ipsi quoad bona et possessiones suas recuperanda sint in eodem statu quo fuerunt die conflictus de Lewes ac quidem inimici nostri in turbatione in Regno nostro habita domos Iudaeorum nostrorum London in eadem Civitate tà m ante bellum praedictum quà m post occupaverint Ac etiam quidam deorum praedictorum pro timore turbationis praedictae domos suas in eadem Civitate reliquerunt et ad alias partes se transtulerunt Nos eisdem fudaeis gratiam uberiâ—rem facere volentes concessimus et reddidimus singulis Iudaeis nostris London omnes domos suas praedictas ante bellum praedictum et post bellum illud occasione turbationis praedictae occupatas detentas exceptis Domibus quorundam Judaeorum praedictorum London quas in eadem Civitate quibuscunque prius concessimus Et ideo vobis mandamus quod praefatis Iudaeis de Domibus suis praedictis in quorumcunque manibus existâ—nt plenam seisâ—nam habere facias sicut praedictum est T. R. apud VVestm 14 dii Novembris In the Patent Rolls of this year the King grants the Houses and Debts of several Jews escheated to him by their deaths or othewise to several Jews impoverished dampnis et gravaminibus sibi ad inimicis nostris illatis tempore turbationis habita in regno nostro c. volens eis gratiam facere specialem Besides upon this account I find this general Patent and Proclamation of protection for the Jewes of London Rex Rich. de Ceual and 45 more there named civibus London salutem Quia Iudei nostri London tempore turbationis in regno nostro jacturas quamplurimas et enormia sustinuerunt nos dispendiis et â—acturis eorum compatientes ipsos terras res domos redditus et omnes eorum possessiones in defensionem et protectionem nostram suscepimusâ— specialem Nos ad eorum Majorem tuitionem et securitatem custodiam et protectionem vos assignantes Et ideo vobis mandamus firmiter injungentes quatenus per totam civitatem praedict London publice proclamari fac ne quis sub periculo vitae et membrorum praedict Iudaeis in personis vel rebus suis dampnum inferat molestiam aut gravamen et vos ipsi Iudeos illos familias suas terras vel redditus domos et omnes possessiones suas et eorum bona infra civitatem 〈◊〉 et extra quantum in vobis est manâ—teneatis protegatis et defendatis non inferentes c. as in the former Et si quid c. talem diligentiam apponentes ut vobis c. donatur per vicecomitem T. R. Consimiles literae habent Iudei Cantebr Ballivis et probis hominibus Cant. directae durant ut supra This year the King granted the custody of the Iews Rolls and a salary for it by this patent Rex omnibus c. Sciatis quod commissimus dilecto Clerico nostro Tho. Wabrun rotulos et brevia nostra Iudaismi nostri custodiend quamdiu nobis placuerit ita quod capiat per annum ad Scac. nostr 10 lib. vid. 100 s. ab Scac. nostr St. Michis et 100s ad Scac. nostr Pasche ad se sustentandum in officio praedicto quamdiu frerit in eodem The same year the King by Patent granted leave to sundry Jews presently to sue for and levy their debts upon their Creditors and distrain them for them and likewise that he will not release pardon nor respite the debts due to them from sundry particular persons expressed in the Patents in form like those already cited elsewhere Yea I find this Writ for electing a new Cyrographer in the place of one that was dead issued this year Rex Constab castri Winton et Ballivis ejusdem villae saâ—utem Quia Petrus Westman Christianus unus Cyrogr. Arch. Iud. Winton diem clausit extremum ut rex accepit Vobis mandamus quod per Sacramentum 12. tam Christianorum quam Iudeorum villae praedict eligi fac loco praedict Pet. unum alium Coffrarium qui praestito sacramento sicut moris est officio illo de caetero intendat et nomen ejus Regi scire fac T. R. apud Cant. 26 die Oct. And this recital of the Kings grant of his
ne Crestien ne lachate sur forfeiture de son chatel et de son heritage Et ensement est purveu par lavant dit Roy et par le consell Sire Edward et des avant dit prodes homes qe nul Gyvu des ore mes ne puse vendre sa dette a Crestien si il ne eyt primes le conge le Roy. Et si Crestien la chate par le conge le Roy rien ne pusse plus aver ke le Roy ne averoit si la dette eust en sa mein ceo est a saver le chatel qe est troue en chartre saunz Usure This Ordinance within few months after Anno 54 H. 3. was commanded to be put in execution by this writ to the Barons of the Exchequer which thus recites it Rex Baron de Scac. salutem Quia provisum est per. Nos et Edwardum Primogenitum nostrum et alios fideles de consilio nostro ad meliorationem status terrae nostrae et ad relevationem Christianorum a gravaminibus quae hactenus habuerunt per Judeos et Judaismum nostrum Angliae Quod omnia debita Judeorum quae sunt feoda et quae die Sancti Hillarii An. r. n. 53. fuerunt in manibus Judeorum et quae non fuerunt data et vendita Christianis ita quod ante diem illum essent confirmata per nos vel irrotulata in Rotulis nostris ad Scac. nostrum Judeorum quieta sint Christianis qui ea debent et eorum heredibus imperpetuum una cum arreragiis eorundem debitorum et quod Chartae de hujusmodi feodis ubicunque erunt inventae sint liberatae Christianis qui talia feoda debent vel eorum heredibus et quod si forte aliqua hujusmodi Carta sit inventa in Archa Cyrogr. vel extra amodo nullius sit valoris Et quod nullus Judeus a predicto die inantea talia debita de feodo recipiat vel faciat Et similiter quod nullus Judeus talia feoda Christianis vendat a predicto tempore super forisfacturam vitae suae et catallorum ipsius nec Christianus ea emat super forisfacturam catallorum ipsius et suae haereditatis Vobis mandamus quod omnia Cyrographa super hujusmodi feodis per quoscunque confecta coram vobis ad Scac. nostrum venire faciatis et ea quae ante praedict diem Sancti Hillarii non fuerunt per nos confirmata nec in rotulis nostris ad Scac. nostrum Judeorum irrotulata prout superius est expressum cancellari faciatis et creditoribus vel eorum haeredibus quieta reddatis T. R. apud Westm 14 die Maii. The later part of this Ordinance here omitted against selling debts without license is frequently recited in special Licenses granted by the King to Jews to sell their debts the very next year after its making and proved very gainfull to the King and his Officers Rex omnibus c. salutem Cum nuper de consilio Edwardi primogeniti nostri et aliorum fidelium regni nostri in praesentia nostra provisum esset quod nullus Judeus debitum aliquod quod sibi a Cristiano debetur alicui vendere possit ni si prius a nobis optenta super hoc licentia speciali et si Christianus aliquis debitum hujusmodi de licentia nostra emat nihil plus inde habeat quam nos haberemus si debitum illud esset in manu nostra viz. Catallum quod inventum est in Carta inde confecta SINE USURA Nos Jacobo fil Mosse Iudeo Oxon dedimus licentiam vendendi Galf. de Lukenore debitum illud in quo Laur. de Cheleston eidem Iudeo tenetur per cartam suam Et etiam idem Galfredo dedimus licentiam emendi idem debitum à praefat Judaeo in forma provisionis supradictae In cujus c. T. R. apud Westm 7. die Maii. Claus 54 H. 3. m. 10. in sc ed. there is a writ to discharge some debts of the King out of the estate of a deceased Iew directed to the Iustices assigned for their custody In the Patent Rolls of this year I find this recital of the Kings grant of Aaron a Jew to his Sonne Edmond and of Edmonds grant and infranchisement of Aaron and the Kings confirmation thereof Omnibus c. salutem Inspeximus Cartam quam Edmundus fil noster fecit Aaron fil Vynes in haec verba Omnibus praesentem cartam visuris vel audituris Edmundus illustris Regis Angliae filius salutem Cum Dom. Rex pater noster dederit et concesserit Nobis Aaron fil Vynes Iudeum cum omnibus bonis debitis catallis suis liberam et quietam de omnibus Tallagiis auxiliis prestitis et demanmandis quibuscunque ita quod eum cum omnibus bonis catallis suis habeamus et teneamus cum omnibus libertatibus legibus et consuetudinibus Iudaismi Angliae prout hujusmodi concessio in praedicti patris nostri carta super hoc confecta plenius continetur Nos eidem Aaron Iudeo specialem gratiam facere volentes ipsum cum omnibus bonis debitis et catallis suis tenore praesentium donavimus libertati concedentes eidem quod ipse toto tempore vitae suae liber sit de nobis ab omnibus Tallagiis auxiliis prestitis demandis reddend nobis quamdiu vixerit quolibet anno ad festum Pentecost unum par caelcarium deaurator pro omnibus exactionibus demandis In cujus rei testimonium sigillum nostrum fecimus apponi Dat. Winton 11 die Augusti Anno Reg. Dom. patr nostr praedicti 54. Nos autem praedictas donationem concessionem c. pro nobis haeredibus nostris quantum in nobis est concedimus et confirmamus sicut carta praedicta rationabiliter testatur T. ut supra Here the King grants a Jews person with all his goods debts and chattels to his Son like an absolute Villain and his Son thus infranchiseth him afterwards by this Charter which the King confirms and is mentioned in 18 E. 1. * hereafter cited This grant of Aaron by his Son is recited in this Patent Roll with this addition Volumus etiam quod idem Aaron habeat Archam ad reponend Cyrogr. sua loco quo in terris ipsius filii nostri moraturus fuerit secundum legem et consuetudinem Judaismi nostri et quod ministri nostri levari faciant eidem Iudeo debita sua quae ei debentur vel debebuntur de debitoribus suis in regno nostro prout rationabiter monstrare poterit per Cyrogr. sua vel per literas patentes quod ei in debitis illis teneantur prout de jure secundum legem et consuetudinem Judaismi praedict fuit faciendum I find this Patent of the Kings this year contradicting his Title to a Jews house as escheated to him by his death and ratifying the Jews demise thereof by his last Will. Rex omnibus
Inquisitionem upon the trial quod praedicta Alicia quieta est de praedicto debito per praedictam STARR quod est factum ipsius Gente de debito tempore factum c. Consideratum est quod de preÌ„dicto debito xl s. cedat quieta c. The like trial is in Rotulo 5. of this term in dorso Kanc. Eustachius de Peckham and Rot. 6. Suthampt. between Solomon ben-Solomon and others with sundry more overtedious to insert since I intend not to be a Reporter of all their Cases but only of the form of their Law proceedings for which these with the former Instances may suffice In the same 9th year of King Edward the 1. I find these Records relating to the Jews in the Clause and Patent Rolls in the Tower of London The first of them in time is concerning a fine made with the Kings Commissioners by a Jew which another Jew undertook to satisfie for him to the King whereupon there issued this Writ to the Receiver of their goods Rex dilecto Clerico suo Philippo de Wyleby Nuper Receptori bonorum Iudaeorum dampnatorum in diversis Comitatibus salutem Quia Aaron filius Vynes Iudaeus London manucepit solvere nobis 40 s. in quibus Abraham fil Elye filii Magistri Mossei Iudaei London et quinque Marcas in quibus Mosseus fil Hugonis nobis tenentur pro fine quem nobiscum feceruâ—t coram dilectis fidelibus nostris Stephano de Penecestre sociis suis tunc Justiciariis nostris ad Placita de Transgressionibus monetae nostrae andiend et terminand assignatis pro Transgressionibus monâ—tae Vobis mandamus quod praedict Abraham de praedict 40 s. et praedict Mosseum de praedict 5 marcis quietos esse facias Et scire facias Justiciariis nostris ad custodiam Iudaeorum assignatis quod praedict 40 s. 5. marc decidant praefato Aaron in debitis quae eidem Aaroni concessimus in recompensationem cujusdam debiti in quo Galfridus Peche eidem Aaroni tenebatur Et quod idem Aaron carissimae Consorti nostrae et Alianorae Reginae Angliae nuper remisit T. R. apud Westm 28 die Maii. The like writ in effect issued for Sarra a Jewesse of London concerning a like Fine the same year to the Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer Rex Thes et Baronibus suis de Scaccario salutem Cum Sarra de London Judea Northampt teneatur nobis in quinque marcis per quas finem fecit nobiscum coram dilecto Clerico nostro Hugo de Kendale ad hujusmodi fines recipiend nuper assignat pro Hak fil ejus Judeae pro quibusdam transgressionibus monetae eidem Hak impositis ut dicitur ad quarum solutionem bona et catalla ipsius Sarrae ad presens non sufficiant ut accepimus Nos paupertati ejusdem Sarrae quae occasione debiti illius in prisona nostra Northampt. detinetur compatientes et in eo super hoc gratiam facere volentes Concessimus eidem Sarrae quod de illis 5 marcis solvat nobis per annum ad Scaccarium nostrum viz. ad Scacc. nostrum Pasche prox futur unam marcam et sic de anno in annum ad eundem terminum unam marcam quousque dictae 5. marcae nobis fuerint persolutae Et ideo vobis mandamus quod eidem Sarrae terminum illum habere et sic fieri et irrotulari faciatis ipsam Sarram a prisona praedicta si ea occasione et non alia detineatur in eadem sine dilatione deliberari faciatis Teste Rege apud Winton 12. die Octobris The Jews by the custome formerly used and the Statute de Iudaismo could not sell any of their Houses no more than their debts without the Kings special license first obtained in writing for which take this president of the foresaid year Rex omnibus ad quos c. salutem Sciatis quod de gratia nostra speciali dedimus licentiam Samueli de Eborum Judaeo London vendendi cui voluerit quoddam Messuagium suum in Civitae Ebor quod est in vico de Conyngestreet inter domum Paulini de Munbray ex una parte et domum Ade Verdeuel ex altera dum tamen idem Sam messuag illud ad manum mortuam non ponat contra formam Statuti nostri Dedimus etiam licentiam ei qui Messuag illud ab eodem Samuele emere voluerit illud emendi prout magis viderit expedire nisi Messuag illud fit Escaeta nostra vel alio modo jus habeamus in eodem In cujus c. Teste Rege apud Winton 12 die Octobris The like Licenses to sell houses I find in other Patent and Clause Rolls This year the King to search out all the Debts owing to the condemned Jews or others sent forth this Commission to search all the Chests of the Jews and the Stars and writings in them and to recover all the Debts that were due on them somewhat different from those formerly granted Rex dil fidel suis Hamoni Hutteyn Roberto de Ludham et Magistro Henrico de Bray salutem Quia volumus quod omnes Cartae Starra et munimenta omnia Iudaeorum dampnatorum et alia quocunque modo ad Nos ratione Iudaismo pertinentia per vos scrutentur videantur et tunc transcribantur distinctè et aperte Ita quod extractae fieri possint inde ad debita illa ad opus nostrum levanda prout de jure et secundum legem et consuetudinem Scaccarii Iudaismi nostri fuerit faciend et prout ad opus nostrum magis videritis expedire Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ad certos c. praemissa fac in forma praedicta Et de Cartis Starâ—is munimentis et debitis illis tres Râ—tulos faciatis quorum unus liberetur Baronibus nostris de Scaccario alter ad Scaccarium Iudaismi nostri et tertius remaneat in custodia vestra Magistro Henrico nobis liberandus In cujus c. T. R. apud Guildeford 21 die Octobris A like Patent to this with little variation De Archis Cirographorum aperiendis et scrutandis c. I find in the patent Roll of 14 E. 1. m. 20. where all may peruse it at leisure This same year the King confirmed the Grant of his Dâ—odands to the House of the Converts in London towards the repairing of the Chappel and buildings there by this Writ directed to his Justices it inerant Rex Justiciariis itinerantibus in Com. Lincoln salutem Cum nos dudum pro salute animae nostrae et animarum Antecessorum nostrorum Regum Angliae concessimus dilectis Nobis in Christo Fratribus Fraedicatoribus London Elemosinam nostram quae Deodanda vocatur in Regno nostro Angliae in subsidium translationis Domorum suarum usque ad finem triennii percipiendam et post idem triennium eandem Elemosinam dei intuitu concessimus Conversis domus nostrae London ad fabricam
habendum et tenendum eidem Judaeo haeredibus suis in perpetuum eidem Judaeo quod praedictum Gardinum ab eadem Auntlera recipere possit tenore praesentium similiter licentiam concedimus specialem Nolentes quod eadem Auntlera vel haeredes sui aut praedictus Iudaeus authaeredes sui ratione venditionis seu recepitionis Gardini praedicti per nos vel haeredes nostros Justiciarios Ballivos aut alios Ministros nostros occasionentur gravantur in aliquo seu molestantur In cujus c T. R. apud West 17. die Junii The like Patent I find to Aaron the Kings Brothers Jew â—orementioned to sell his house and rents in fee to any Christian who should purchase them by his Lords license even after the Edict past and Letters of safe conduct granted for the Jews banishment and departure hence as appears by comparing their dates Rex omnibus c. salutem Sciatis quod concessimus licentiam dedimus Aaron fil Vynes Judaeo Edmundi fratris nostri carissimi quod ipse domos et redditus suos tam infra Civitatem nostram London quam infra Regnum nostrum de licentia voluntate praedicti fratris nostri Domini sui vendere possit upon his banishment hence quibuscunque Christiaenis voluerit absque impedimento nostri vel aliorum nostrorum quorumcunque eisdem Christianis quod domâ—s illas redditus ab eodem Iudaeo emere valeant similiter licentiamconcedimus specialem jure cujuslibet in omnibus semper salvo In cujus c T. R. apud Langeleye 28 die Julii After the date is the Letters for the Jews safe conduct out of England to the Sheriffs It is very observable that these three last Patents were made but a very little before and the last of them clearly after the Jews universal banishment voted resolved both by the King and Parliament For when as the King his Justices and Parliament by all their Inquisitions Commissions Care Providence and Execution of so many Jews in all parts could no ways suppresse their clipping and falsifying of the Money of the Realme nor yet reforme the manifold other wickednesse and misdemeanors of the English Jewes nor all the industry and pains of the Friers Preachers nor all that liberal provisions and grants of the King forecited to the House of Converts for their comfortable support maintenance and confirmation in the Christian faith so far operate upon their obstinate obdurate hearts as to convert any considerable number or any persons of note amongst them to the Christian faith from which many Converts apostatized nor yet suppresse their continual blasphemies against our crucified Saviour the Christian faith Sacraments of the Church and blessed Virgin Thereupon the King at the earnest frequent solicitation of the Commons assembled this year in Parliament after the Feast of St. Hilary enacted published an Edict or Decree in Parliament for the total universal and final banishment of all these wicked blasphemous unbeleeving Jews out of England then generally execrable detestable to all the people who were so desirous to be for ever quit of their company that they granted the King the 15 part of all their goods and moveables for their banishment and expulsion out of England as I have formerly proved at large by a full grand Jury of Historians and several Records in my former Demurrer against Sir Edward Cooks grosse assertion that they only voluntarily banished themselves because their usury was this year suppressed by the Stat. de Iudaismo which I have proved was made full 15 years before to be no cause at all of their exile now In pursuance of this Parliamentary Edict Decree now no where extant on Record all the Parliament Rolls before 5 Ed. 2. being wholly lost and many since by the carelessenesse or iniquity of the times except only an old Parchment Book of some Pleas in Parliam in E. 1 one Statute Roll of K. Ed. the 1. Ed. 2. and Ed. 3. wherein the Statute De Iudaismo with many other printed Acts are not to be found no more than this Edict for the Jews banishment though mentioned in many Histories and Records the King in this very moneth of Iuly sent several Writs Letters and Patents to the Sheriffs of Counties Mayors of Towns Bayliffs and Barons of the Cinqueports and likwise to Mariners reciting that he had prescrib'd a certain time term day to all and every of the Iews within the Realm for their departure out of it into forraign parts commanding them not to doe nor suffer any injury molestation grievance to be done to them by any in their passage beyond the Seas for which he had given them safe conduct but to grant them their wives and children a safe and speedy passage within the time prefixed them at the Jews own costs paying reasonable rates for their freights and passage without immoderate exactions especially on the poorer sort of them lest their passage should be hindred by such immoderate and unreasonable exactions I shall transcribe these Writs and Letters at large out of the Records themselves as most pertinent to my intended Theame beginning with those to Sheriffs Rex Vic Gloucestriae c. Cum Iudaeis Regni nostri universis certum tempus praefixerimus a Regno illo Transfretanoi Nolentes quod ipsi per Ministros nostro aut alios quoscunque aliter quam fieri consuevit indebite pertrectentur Tibi praecipimus quod per totam Ballivam tuam publicè proclamari et firmiter inhiberi facias ne quis eis intra terminum praedictum injuriam molestiam dampnum inferat seu gravamen Et cum contingat ipsos cum catallis suis quae eis concessimus versus partes London causa Transfretrationis suae dirigere gressus suos salvum securum conductum eis habere facias sumptibus eorum Proviso quod Iudaei praedicti ante recessum suum vadia Christianorum quae penes se habent illis quorum fuerint si ea acquietare voluerint restituant ut tenentur Teste Rege apud Westm 18 die Iulii Anno 18. E. 1. Consimiles Literae diriguntur Vicecomitibus Essex Ebor. Northampt. Lincoln Teste ut supra Item Vicecomitibus Hereford Suthampt. The form of the Letters for protection and safe conduct to particular Jews and their Families which the richer sort of Jews purchased at dear rates was this Rex Majoti et Ballivis Eborum salutem Quia certum diem praefixerimus Iudaeis nostris Angliae regnum nostrum exeundi et â—e ad partes alias transferendi Vobis mandamus quod Bonamico Judaeo Eborum uxori pueris vel familiae suae in personis aut rebus interim nullam molesâ—iam inferatis set ipsos quantum in vobis est manuteneatis protegatis et defendatis Et cum idem Bonamicus cum uxore pueris et familia sua post Terminum Proclamationis factae de vadiis Christianorum acquietandis ad partes maritimas causa transfretandi divertere
se voluerint sibi et suis salvum conductum cum ab eo fueritis requisiti suis sumptibus habere faciatis ne eis super bonis quae secum deferre contingerit periculum emineat pro defectu conductus hujusmodi faciendi T. Rege apud Lang. 26 die Julii Et sunt Patentes By this Patent it appears First that the Jewes had a certain day prefixed them by the King to depart out of the Realm of England into Foreign parts of which they all had general and particular notice 2ly That the wealthier Jews thereupon to preserve their own persons wives children families from corporal violence and their goods from plunder purchased particular Letters of Protection and safeconduct from the King to Mayors and other Officers 3ly That the King published a general Proclamation upon the Edict of their banishment that all the pawns of Christians to them should be redeemed and discharged before their departure or left behind them when they departed hence The next day after this private Letter of Protection and Safeconduct on the 27 of July the King sent these Letters to the Bailiffs Barons and Seamen of the Cinque ports for the Jews safe conduct passage and transportation out of England within the term which he had prefixed to all and every of them being general for all the Jews Rex omnibus Ballivis Baronibus et Nautis Quinque portuum suorum salutem Cum certum terminum omnibus et singulis Iudaeis Regni nostri praefixerimus idem Regnum exeundi Nolentes quod ipsi in rebus seu personis interim aliqualiter injurientur Vobis mandamus quod eisdem Iudaeis cum ipsos ad Portus praedictos cum uxoribus pueris Catallis suis venire contingerit ad transfretand INTRA TERMINUM PRAEDICTUM salvum festinum pâ—ssagâ—um securum conductum habere faciatis sumptibus corundem Ita tamen quod Pauperibus Judaies super freto Navium in transportatione parcatur et aâ—â—is juxta facultates inde fiat exactio moderata prout in hujusmodi passagiis alias fieri consuevit ne quis ipsorum per exactiones immoderatas et irrationabiles super passagio suo impediatur Et sub gravi forisfactura nostra firmâ—ter vobis injungimus ne quis vestrum Iudaeis praedictis in rebus aut pe sonis inferat vel quantum in ipso est inferri permittat injuriam molestiam dampnum impedimentum seu gravamen In cujus c. Teste Rege apud Westm xxvii die Julii Besides these general he granted other particular Letters of safe conduct to the Bailiffs Barons and Seamen of the Cinque Ports for some privat Jews their wives children and families who desired them as appears by this Record Rex omnibus Ballivis Baronibus Nautis Quinque Portuum salutem Cum certum terminum omnibus et singulis Iudaeis Regni nostri praefixerimus idem Regnum exeundi Nolentes quod ipsi in rebus seu personis interim aliqualiter injuriatur Et vobis mandamus quod Mosseo filio Jacobi de Oxon Iudaeo nostro Northampt. cum ipsum ad portus praedictos cum uxore pueris familia et catallis suis venire contigerit Ad Transfretandum intra terminum praedictum salvum et festinum passagium et securuÌ„ conductum habere faciatis sumptibus ejusdem Ita quod ei juxta facultates inde fiat exactio moderata prout in hujusmodi passagiis alias fieri consuevit ne ipse per exactiones immoderatas et irrationabiles which the Jews all feared from the English upon this extraordinary occasion of their peremptory Exile super passagio fuo impediatur â—â—t sub gravi forisfactura nostra firmiter vobis inâ—ungimus ne quis vestrum praedicto Mosseo uxori pueris aut familiis suis praedictis in rebus aut personis inferat vel quatemus in ipso est inferri permittat in uriam molestiam dampnum impedimentum seu gravamen In cujus c. Teste Rege apud Selveston 8 die Aug. It is observable that in all these Writs and Letters the King relates that he had prefixed a certain day time or term to all and every the Jews of the Realm to depart out of the same Realm but mentions not in any of them the precise day time or term at all Therfore it is most certain it was mentioned in some other publike Act and Edict for their Banishment made in Parliament which all our Historians remember then publickly known to all the Jews Sheriffs Officers and people for how else should they certainly know or take notice of it if it were not then as notorious as these Writs and Letters which do not particularly expresse it Matthew Westminster in or near this time precisely writes That the Jews were all to depart out of England with their wives and children by the Feast of All Saints QUOD EIS PRO TERMINO PONEBATUR quem sub poenae suspendii transgredi non est causa This therefore was the term prefixed to them in the Parliamentary Act Decree for their Banishment by that day under pain of being hanged if they departed not England before that term The Liber Rubeus or Red Book in the Remembrancers Office in the Eschequer fol. 252. b. hath this Memorand entred in it touching the time the Jews actually departed from London and England De Iudaeis recedentibus ab Anglia Memorandum quod die Martis in crastino Sancti Dionisii Anno Regni Regis Edwardi silii Henrici decimo octavo et Anno Domini Millesimo ducentessimo nonagessimo recesserunt omnes Judaei de London versus Mare ad transfretandum sub protectione Domini Regis And the same Memorandum in effect is written in a hand of that time at the end of the Original Manuscript Copy of Florentius Wigorniensis Now Saint Dionisius day being the 9th of October this their departure from London must necessarily be on the 10. day of Octob. being the next day after it An. 1290. just 21 days before the feast of All Saints by which day they were all to depart out of England under pain of death and accordingly departed as I have elsewhere manifested except some few poor converted Jews who remained like Almesmen in the House of the Converts and were not banished with the rest whose Infidelity was the chief cause of their exile as our Historians attest The King on the 27 day of October but 17 days after the Jews final departure from London out of England committed the custody of this Domus Conversorum and the Converts in London to Walter de Agmodisham during pleasure by this his Patent Rex omnibus ad quos c. salutem Sciatis quod commissimus Waltero de Agmodisham custodiam Domus nostrae Conversorum London conversorum nostrorum therefore not banished with the rest habendum quamdiu nobis placuerit cum omnibus ad custodiam illam pertinentibus sicut Johis de Sancto Dionis quondam Archidiac Roff. eam dum vixit
habere consuevit Ita quod idem Walterus domos illas in quibus idem Archidiaconus morabatur ibidem inhabitet pro voluntate sua c. T. R. apud Kingestclipton 27 die Octobris On the 16 day of December following the King granted the custody of this house to Richard de Clunpynges by this Patent which manifests that the converted Jews were not banished with the rest Rex omnibus et singulis Conversis Domus suae London salutem Sciatis quod commissimus dilecto clerico nostro Rico. de Clunpynges custodiam Domus praedictae habendum quamdiu nobis placuerit cum omnibus ad dictam custodiam pertinentibus eodem modo quo Johis de Sancto Dionis quondam Archidiaconus Roffensis defunctus eam dum vixit habere consuevit Ita quod dom illas in quibus idem Archidiaconus morabatur ibidem pro voluntate sua inhabitet Et ideo vobis mandamus quod eidem Rico. tanquam custodi vestro in omnibus que ad custodiam illam perâ—inent 〈◊〉 eâ— sitis et respondentes sicut praedictum est In cujus c. T. Rege apud Odyham 16 die Decembris The very next year after the Jews banishment within four moneths of their departure hence I find these Letters Patents directed by the King to all his Sheriffs Bayliffs and Lieges expresly mentioning their banishment hence and the Kings designing of all the rents and profits of their houses from the time of their banishment to be collected and disposed to pious uses as Hugh de Kendale Clerk should appoint specially intrusted with the management of this affair Rex Vicecomitibus omnibus aliis Ballivis fidelibus suis ad quos c. salutem Cum assignavimus totam pecuniam provenientem de Domibus quae fuerunt Judaeorum nostrorum in Anglia in quosdam pios usus convertendam per quod volumus quod totum commodum perveniens ex Domibus illis a tempore exilii eorundem ut ex conventione Domorum earundem rebus aliis in eosdem usus applicetur Assignavimus dilectum Clericum nostrum Hugonâ—m de Kendale ad inquirendum de conductionibus et omnibus receptis hujusmodi plenam veritatem et ad onerandum Vicecomites Ministros et omnes receptoâ—es pecuniae inde provenientis a tempore exilii praedicti et ad pecuniam illam in tuto loco reponendam per Vicecomites vel alio modo prout melius viderit expedire Et ideo vobis mandamus quod eidem Hugoni intendentes sitis credentes respondentes Teste Rege apud Asherugge 22 die Ianuarii King Edward presently after the Jews banishment hence seized upon all their Houses Lands and Revenues throughout England as escheated into his hands by this their sentence of banishment and presently within few moneths after made sale of them to English men by several Letters Patents as appears by a special Pat. Roll of the sales of their houses made in the 19 and 20 years of his reign thus endorsed Carta de Judaismo Literae Patentes de domibus Iudaeorum concessis Post eorum Exilium de Anglia wherein are near one hundred particular Patents of sales of them to several persons running in the selfsame form mutatis mutandis all mentioning their Banishment hence this Kings title to them thereby by way of Escheat take one in the 19. year for an example of all that ensue that year Rex omnibus ad quos c. salutem Sciatis quod concessimus pro Nobis haeredibus nostris Isabellae quae fuit uxor Ade de Sancto Albano Junior Domos illas cum pertinentiis in London quae fuerunt Leonis fil Cressey fil Magistri Eliae Judaei de parochia Sancti Martini Pomer in Ismongerslane Per Exilium ejusdem Iudaei a Regno nostro tanquam Escaeta nostra in manu nostra existentes et quae ad quatuor marcas extenduntur Habendum tenendum eidem Isabellae et haeredibus suis de Nobis et haeredibus nostris imperpetuum Reddendo inde Nobis haeredibus nostris unum denarium per manum Vicecomitis ejusdem Civitatis singulis annis ad Scaccarium nostrum Pasche et faciendo aliis Dominis feodi illius servicia inde debita et consueta In cujus c. Teste Rege apud Asherigge 27 die Decembris Anno regni Regis Edwardi filii Regis Henrici xix This Patent bears date within two Moneths next after the Jews actual departure hence upon the Decree and Edict for their banishment After which follow near one hundred Patents of their houses made this year wherein was the same recital of their banishment as in this transcribed Then follow many other Patents made of the Jews houses by the King in the 20 year of his reign intituled in the Roll and Margin Patentes de Domibus Judaeorum concessis Post eorum Exilium ab Anglia the first whereof in Memb. 2. runs thus Rex omnibus ad quos c. salutem Sciatis quod concessimus pro Nobis et haeredibus nostris Willielmo de Taburet de Bedeford Katerinae uxori ejus Domos illas quae fuerunt Cok filii Benedicti de Bedeford Per Exilium ejusdem Iudaeia Regno nostro tanquam Escaeta nostra in manu nostra existentes et quae ad sex 〈◊〉 extenduatur Habendum et tenendum eisdem Willielmo Kater et haeredibus suis vel cui ilâ—as secundum consuetudineÌ„ villae praedictae donare vel assignare voluerint de Nobis haeredibus nostris imperpetuum Reddendo inde Nobis haeredibus nostris unum denarium per manum Vicecom nostri Bedf. singulis annis ad Scaccarium nostrum ad festum Sancti Michaelis Et faciendo aliis dominis feodi illius servicia inde debita consueta T. Rege apud Westm 29 die Novemb. After which follow near 20 patents more of other Jews houses made that year in the same form Therefore by the unanimous irrefragable verdict of all these manifold Patents the Jews were legally and judicially Banished out of England and by this their Judgment of Banishment both by the King and Parliament all their houses and lands actually escheated into the Kings hands who thereupon seized and sold them to others in fee upon this very Title of Escheat by their Exile out of England which had Sir Edward Cooke known or observed I am confident he would never have asserted this untruth that they voluntarily banished themselves out of England only because their Usury was banished thence To these Records I might annex the case of the Prior of Bridlington which himself cites in the Placita Parliamenti post Pascha apud London 21 E. 1. rot 4. recited again in alio Rotulo Anno 22 E. 1. rot 5. wherein there is this double recital of the Jews exile hence and of a Debt of 200 l. due to the King thereby which he had Judgement to recover against the Prior. Et quia praedictus
Prior cognoscit quod praedicta pecunia praed Judaeo debebatur nec ei solvebatur Ante Exilium Iudaeorum et quicquid remansit eorum debitis catallis in Regno Post eorum Exilium Domino Regi fuit Consideratum est quod Dominus Rex recuperet pecuniam praedictam An unanswerable euidence of their judicial legal actual Banishment hence here twice together repeated in this Plea in Parliament but three years after their exile I have now traced the History of the English Jewes through the obscure untrodden generally unknown and almost forgotten path of our English Records yet remaining in the Tower of London and Exchequer from the very first year of King John where our yet extant Records begin to the 22. of King Edward the first full 4 years after their universal Banishment out of England which as it then put a period to any further memorial of them in our subsequent Records so it now sets a final conclusion to this my Chronological Collection of such Records as concern the generality of the English Jews and their affairs To which I shall only annex some few Records in succeeding times relating to some particular Jewish Converts since their general banishment hence and to the forementioned house of the Iewish Converts now the Rolls in Chancery Lane which are some wayes pertinent like so much gleanings after the Harvest to the Jewish History and so draw toward a conclusion of this my Undertaking There being a great want of Jewish Converts after the Jews banishment hence to receive the Alms Revenues formerly setled on their house by the premised charters of our Kings I find King Edw. the 3d in the 18th year of his reign by special Patents granted to other poor people who had nothing to live on both the benefit and easment of the Houses and Gardens of the House of the Converts together with a penny a day out of the Exchequer and so much besiedes as any one Convert there received out of the Rents and profits of the house Particularly he granted to one Alianor Quae non habet unde vivat quod habeat tantum in omnibus pro sustentatione sua tam de pecunia ad Sc accarium videlicet per diem 1 d. et pro â—isâ—amento Domorum Gardinarum sicutuna Conversorum habet et capit ac de Deodandis aliis proficuis quam de Redditibus Tenementis Conversorum Domus London et alibi infra Regnum Angliae commorant c. quantum una Conversa inde percepit After this a converted Jew John Castell by name coming over into England in the 30 year of King Edward the 3d. the King thereupon granted him such admittance into and sustenance in this house of Convertr as other Converts had in former time received by this ensuing writ of Privy Seal Rex dilecto Clerico suo Hen de Ingleby Custodi Domus nostrae Conversorum in civitate nostra London salutem Quia volumus quod Johannes de Chastell à ritu Judaeorum conversus qui in Regnum nostrum Angliae nuper venit habeat talem sustentationem in Domo nostra praedicta de Elemosina nostra qualem alii ejusdem conditionis in eadem ante hoc tempus habuerunt Vobis mandamus quod ipsum Johannem in domum nostram praedictam admittatis et ei sustentationem hujusmodi pro uno converso consuetum de eadem domo liberari habere facias T. Rege apud Westm primo die Iulii Per Breve de privato Sigillo This Henry de Ingelby afterwards resigning his Office of Keeper or Gardian of the House of Converts to the King thereupon King Edward the 3. in the 45 year oâ— his reign granted this Office to William de Burstall Clerk during his life by this following Patent Rex omnibus ad quos c. Sciatis quod dedimus concessimus dilecto Clerico nostro Will de Burstal custodiam domus nostrae conversorum London vacantem per resignationem Hen. de Ingleby ultimi Custodis domus praedictae et ad nostram Donationem spectantem habendum tenendum cum omnibus ad custodiam illam quoquo modo spectantibus ad totam vitam ipsius Willielm In cujus c. T. R. apud Westm 22 die Julii Per ipsum Regem Et Mandatum est Vicecomit Loudon quod ipsum Will. in corporalem possessionem Domus praedictae inducant vel induci faciant habendum juxta tenorem Literarum Regis praedictarum Teste ut supra Per ipsum Regem This house with the Chappel and other Edifices being greatly ruined after the Jews banishment through the negligence of former Guardians William Burstal being made keeper thereof bestowed much money upon the repairing of it out of his own purse which done upon consideration thereof and to keep the same in constant Repair for the future upon the supplication of the said William then Keeper likewise of the Rolls of the Chancery he procured King Edward to annex the house and Chappel of the Converts to the Custos of the Rolls of the Chancery and his Successors for ever in the 51 year of King Edward the 3d. by this Patent Rex omnibus ad quos c. salutem Sciatis quod Nos considerantes qualiter Domus Conversorum in Suburbio Civitatis nostrae London de Patronatu nostro existens et Capella Edificia Clausura ejusdem tempore quo dilectus Clericus noster Willielmus de Burstall custodiam ejusdem Domus ex collatione nostra primo habuit per negligentiam et incuriam aliorum qui antedictum Willielmum custodiam Domus illius habuerunt et ibidem morari seu inhibitare non curarunt multipliciter debilitata quasi totaliter in ruina extiterunt Et quod praedict Willielmus tempore suo de bonis suis propriis grandes fecit custus et ex pensas super reparatione et emendatione Domus Capellae EdificioruÌ„ Clausurarum praedict At etiam super factura novarum Domorum ibidem Nos ut Domus Conversorum capella edificia clausurae et novae Domus supradicta compatenter sustententur custodiantur in futur ad supplicationem praedicti Will qui Custos Rotulorum Cancellariae nostrae existit in praesenti concessimus de gratia nostra speciali pro Nobis haeredibus nostris quod post mortem ejusdem Willielm dicta Domus Conversorum cum suis Juribus pertinentiis quibuscunque remaneat et moretur in perpetuum Clerico custodi Rotulorum Cancellariae nostrae et haeredum nostrorum pro tempore existenti Et sit annexa ad idem Officium imperpetuum Et quod Cancellarius Angliae vel Custos sive custodes Magni Sigilli nostri et haeredum nostrorum Angliae pro tempore existentes post mortem ipsius Will. habeat et habeant Potestatem ad quamlibet Vacationem dicti Officii custodis Rotulorum per mortem cessionem vel mutationem personae quocunque tempore futuro instituendi successive
two Christians and two Jews c. according to the forementioned Charter of King Iohn Inter Placita apud VVestm Anno x Regis Johannis Termino Hilarii in Octabis Sancti Hilarii Rotulo 9 in dorso Samuel Mucun Muriel Judaea petunt versus Herebertum filium Heb. CCCCl de Catallis de debito Israel per quandam Cartam et producunt duos Christianos duos Judaeos paratos ad hoc probandum prout Curia consideraverit Herebertus dicit quod Carta illa falsa est ideo falsa quia Sigillum illud nunquam suum fuit nec Cartam illam fecit nec pecuniam illam mutuo recepit producit Sigillum suum Eburneum plurimas Cartas Sigillo illo Sigillatas tam de Abaciis quam de confirmatione terrarum And hereupon I find no further proceedings in this Record printed a little out of its due place before these ensuing proceeding it in time could be transcribed It seems every Jew in that age had his proper Seal to Seal Charters Stars and Obligations therewith which yet were good in Law if really sealed by him though with any other Seal than his own In the 5 year of King Iohn the Jews of London being assaulted disturbed and misused by the people against the Kings protection and peace thereupon the King at their request sent this sharp Letter to the Mayor and Barons of London committing the Jews there to their protection and defence and threatning severely to punish and require their blood at their hands if they should suffer any injury through their default Rex c. Majori Bar. London c. Semper dileximus vos multum jura libertates vestras bene observari fecimus unde credimus vos nos specialiter diligere ea quae ad bonorem nostrum pacem tranquilitatem terrae nostrae eduntur libenter velle prestare Verum cum sciatis quod Judaei in speciali nostra protectione sint miramur quod Iudaeis in civitate London morantibus malum fieri sustinetis cum id manifeste sit contra pacem Regni terrae nostrae tranquilitatem Ita quidem magis miramur et movemur quia alii Iudaei per Angliam ubicunque moram fecerunt exceptis illis qui sunt in villa vestra in bona pace consistunt Nunc id tamen diximus pro Iudaeis nostris pro pace nostra quia si â—uidam tantum pacem nostram dedissemus debetur inviolabiter observari De caetero autem Iudaeos in civitate London morantes vestrae committimus custodiae ut si quis eis malum facere attentaverit vos manu forti eis subsidium facientes eos defendatis Vestris enim manibus eorum sanguinem modo requiremus si forte per defectum vestri aliquid mali eis acciderit quod absit Scimus enim bene quod per fatuos Villae et non per discretos hujusmodi eveniunt et debent discreti fatuorum Stultitiam compescere Teste meipso apud Montem fortem 29 die Julii This smart Letter demonstrates the Kings cordial affection to the Jews though more for his own advantage than theirs In the Fine Rolls of the 6 of King Iohn I find this Kecord Galfr. de Salvage dat 10 Mar. ut Willus de Hardreshal acquietet ipsum versus Jacob. Iudaeum Northampton de plegagia debiti unde pleg Willi. fuit versus eundem Iudaeum et unde queritur quod pro defectu ejus distringitur Et mandat est licent quod si ipse Willus non fuerit et ipse Galfr. ips sect c. In the Clause Rolls of the 7 9 years of K. Iohn I find these 3 short records manifesting the Kings power both to remit their usury due upon contracts and to respite their debts themselves Rex Constabulario Wallingford c. Praecipimus tibi quod pacem habere facias Roberto de Maure de usuris debiti Iudaeorum de termino quem monstrare poterit quod fuerit in servicio nostro cum equis et armis ultra mare per praeceptum nostrum Teste meipso apud Wodestoke 25 die Maii per Iusticiarios Rex W. de Warren et sociis suis c. Mandamus vobis quod quietum esse faciatis Abbatem sanct Radegunde de usuris debitorum Iudaeorum de duobus annis proxime praeteritis usque ad instans Pasche anno reg nostri 9. dum fuit in servicio nostro per praeceptum nostrum Et Summoneatis Iudaeos quibus ipse debita debet quod sint coram Iusticiario nostro G. fil Petri eoram nobis a die Pasche in 15 dies ad recipiendum ab eo finem debitis illis Et mandetis Vicâ—quibus necesse fuerit quod nullam interim districtinem faciant eidem Abbati pro debitis illis reddendis T. G. fil Petri apud Suth 25 die Marcii Rex W. de Warren et sociis suis custodibus Iudaeorum c. Mandamus vobis quod quietum esse faciatis Rogerum Wesperill de usuris debitorum quae debet Simoni Iudeo Oxon. ab hoc inst Pasce anno Reg. nostri 9. usque ad Pasche prox sequent et interim ei respectum habere faciatis de praedict debitis T. Aaron Norwic. apud Clarenden 21 die Marcii per eundem By these 3 Presidents it is apparent that the Jews Usury was condemned and no ways favoured by King Iohn and his Justices in that age long before either the Statute of Merton 20 H. 3. c. 5. or De Iudaismo 3 E. 1. c. 1. were enacted and that the King would by no means permit it to run against any whilst actually imployed in his service nor others whom he favoured to whom he released the Usury at his pleasure and his Judges likewise by his command In the Roll of Fines of the 9 year of King Iohn I find these two cases concerning extents of Lands for the debts of Jews in that age Margareta de Lucy dat quinque marcas pro habenda haereditate de Kerchel et de Hammes quam Robertus de Lucy quondam vir ejus invadiavit Iudaeis in vita sua quod Iudaei capiant se a debito quod idem Robertus eis debuit super praedictum vadium ad haeredem ipsâ—us Roberti qui haereditatem suam tenet Et mandatum est Vicecomiti quod accepta ab ea securitate de praedictis 5 marcis faciat ei habere plenariam seisinam de praedicta haereditate sua quae capta fuit in manum Domini Regis occasione praedicta Et mandatum est Iusticiariis Iudaeorum quod de praedicto debito capiant se ad haereditatem praedicti Roberti quam haeres ejus tenet The husband morgaged his wives inheritance to a Jew for a debt and dies for which the wives lands being taken by way of extent into the Kings hands upon the Wives suit and fine of 5 marks her land is discharged the husbands land descended to his heir charged with and extended for
similiter tenementum suum in perpetuum videlicet illud quod tam temere contra praeceptum nostrum obligaverit amittat Teste Rege apud Certes 1 die Sept. The same year Mandatum est Vic. Buck. quod non permittat quod aliquis Judaeus de caetero maneat in villa de VVeycumbe sed Iudaeos qui ibidem sunt manentes sine dilatione amoveri fac et maneant in aliis villis in quibus prius manere consueverant T. R. apud Herwic 28 die Novemb. This year I find this notable proclamation Mandatum est Vicecomiti Norf. et Suff. quod in Civitate de Norwic. et singulis bonis villis Com. suorum clamari faciat quod nulla faemina Christiana de caetero serviat Iudaeis ad alendos puerulos suos vel in aliquo alio officio Teste R. apud VVestm 20 die Ian. per ipsum regem Vrsilla filia Hamonis de Hereford Judaei pays a fine of 5000 marks pro habendis terris domibus et omnibus debitis et caâ—allis quae fuerunt praedict Hamonis to be paid at certain days Such Fines of Iews to enjoy their fathers houses and chattels are frequent in the Fine Rolls Isaac a Jew was this year fined 100l de pluribus transgressionibus de quibus convictus fuit coram Justic Dom. Reg. ad custod Iudaeorum assignatis In this year also the King discharged Aaron a Jew of York from all Tallages whatsoever during his life paying annually into his Exchequer one hundred marks yearly at two terms for his exemption Rex omnibus ad quos presentes litterae perveniunt salutem Sciatis quod concessimus Aaron de Ebor. Judaeo quod ipse toto tempore vitae suae quietus sit de Taâ—lagio reddendo per annum ad Scac nostrum Cent. marc ad duos terminos scil 50 mar ad fest Pasch et 50 marc ad festum Sancti Michis Ita quod de debitis quae nobis debuit de quibus finem fecit nobiscum reddend per annum ad Scac. nostrum cent solidos quietus erit per praedict 100 mar an In cujus c. T. R. apud Suthan 13 die Feb. Et mandatum est Iusticiariis ad custodiam Iudeorum per literas clausas quod ita fieri et irrotulari faciant VVhich exemption is frequently mentioned and ratified afterwards and yet availed him very little as I have elsewhere manifested out of Mat. Paris Aaron de York to pay 100 marks per an to the Kings Exchequer to be free from taxes during all his life In 20 H. 3. I find this pardon of Usury due to a Jew by the King Rex pardonavit Roberto de Peâ—tiling totam usuram debitorum quibus tenetur Isaac Judaeo Nottingh et Benedicto Judaeo Warwic salva praedictis Judaeis â—orte predict debitorum Et mandatum est Justiciariis ad custod Judaeorum assignatis quod de usura praedicta ipsum Robertum quietum esse et ad sortem eorundem debitorum praedict Judaeis redendam eidem Roberto rationabiles terminos habere faciant T. Rege apud Winton 10 die Iunii This year the Inhabitants of Suthampton being weary of the Jews company who intruded themselves into the Town procured this grant from the King to be quit of them unlesse by special command for the future Rex concessit Burgensibus suis Suthampton quod nullus Iudaeus de caetero maneat apud Suthampton sine speciali praecepto Regis Et mandat est Iusticiariis ad custod Iudaeorum assignatis quod illinc nullum Iudaeum mittant ad manendum ibi nec aliquem ibi remanere permittant sine speciali praecepto Regis T. Rege apud Winton 21 die Iunii I conceive all corporations in England will be as unwilling to entertain any Iews now to dwell amongst them as the Inhabitants of Suthampton and those of Newcastle and Wickham forementioned were to receive them in that age In this year I find one Iew extending the lands of another Iew for a debt by this VVrit to their Iustices for that end Mandatum est Iustic ad custod Iudaeorum assignatis quod per Sacramentnm proborum et legalium hominum extendi faciant Domos et terras Aaronis Benedicti Suthampton in Suthampt. et in la Hull videlicet quantum valeant per annum in dominicis redditibâ—s serviciis villenag et omnibus aliis exitibus et fac extendi praedict eidem Aaroni rationabilem finem et rationabiles terminos habere fac ad debita in quibus tenetur David Iudaeo Oxon. et Deuleben fil Ursel Iudaeo Winton secundum valorem praedictar domorum et terrarum eâ— quantitatem praedictorum debitorâ—◠〈◊〉 quod iâ—tâ—rim cessent usurae which here one Jew took of another T. R. apud Winton 11 die Jun. Hen. the 3 in the 21 year of his reign granted the Presbytery of all the Jews of England which I conceive to be rather the Custos Rotulorum or Controlers place in the Kings Exchequer of the Jews than the Priestly function as this Record attests Mandatum â—st Iusticiaâ— iis ad custodiam Iudaeorum assignatis Quod Rex concessit Aaron Iudaeo Ebor. Presbyteratum omnium Iudaeorum Angliae cum omnibus pertinentiis suis tenendum tota vita sua Et quotiens Aaron intendere non possit ad sedend ad Scaccarium Regis ad officium illud therefore certainly it was a temporal office in the Kings Exchequer not an Ecclesiastical Priesthood in the Jewish Synagogues Ioceu fil Copin loco suo recipiat ad ea facienda ad Scaccarium regis quae ad officium illud pertinent therefore a temporal office only to be executed in the Exchequer and that by Deputy as well as in proper person which the Jewish High Priesthood could not be Rotulos etiam qui fuerunt Jocâ—i Presbyteri praedecessoris sui â—his Office therefore was to keep the Rolls as Comptroler eidem Aaron vel praedicto attornato suo habere faciant T. Rege apud Clarendon 29 die September Which record together with that of Claus 27 H. 3. â—ars 2. m. 3. hereafter cited doth most fully convince me upon second thoughts that the Presbyteratus omnium Iudâ—orum totius Angliae granted by King Iohn's Charter forementioned in the 1 year of his reign to Iacob the London Jew was not an ecclesiastical high Priesthood Episâ—opacy or Priestly Aaronical Function but exercised over all the English Jews in their Synagogues as Sir Edward Coook Mâ— Selden Mr. Purâ—has Dr. Fuller and others generally assert as a thing beyond disspute whose venerable Authorities at first induced me to that opinion but a meer secular Office in the Kings Exchequer of the Jews to keep the Rolls of Comptroll which this Aaron had now granted to him in the self-same words as are used in King Iohns Charter and his Predecestors before and successors after him enjoyned by like Charters from the K. A thing now clear to me upon consideration that the Jewish
Priesthood in the old and new Testam Latin Authors and Records is never stiled Presbyteratus but Sacerdotium nor their Priest not High Priest Presbyter omnium Iudeorum but Sacerdos Pontifex max. summus Sacerdos c. and upon my comparing of several records together since the 3 4 and 5. pages of this second Demurrer printed which I could not transcribe nor compare together till afterwards that it is past all dispute This year the King imposed a Tax of ten-thousand marks upon the Jews from the immediate payment whereof no Iew was to be excused or respited but by the Kings special Writ as these two Records informe us in this very year Mandatâ—m est Iusticiariis ad custod Iudaeorum assignatis quod de arreragiis Tallagii Iudaeorum de 10 mille marc quae colligi preâ—ipit rex nullos Iudaeos quietos esse permittant nisi Tallagium illud ad Scac. regis pacaverint vel literas regis de quietancia inde habuerint vel aliud rationabile Warrantum producant quod eis de jure sufficere debeat Teste Rege apud Marleburge 13 die December Rex quietum clamavit Aaron Iudaeum Ebor. de plegiag 10 mil. marc de Tallagio posito super Iudeos unde idem Aaron fuit unus de 10 plegiis In cujus c. T. R. apud Westm 18 die Iunii per Archiepisc Ebor. It seems 40 rich Iews were pledges to the King for the due payment of this 10 thousand marks Tallage whereof Aaron being one was now discharged by this â—oyal instrument Some Iews in Oxford were this year imprisoned for forcibly taking away a Iewish child converted and baptized who being afterwards found they were released by this writ Mandatum est Constab Oxon quod omnes Iudaeos quos cepit et captos tenet in Castro Oxon occasione cujusdam parvi conversi et baptizati qui dicebatur per ipsos Iudaeos raptus esse et qui jam inventus est apud Oxon sine dilatione deliberet Teste Rege apud Westm 4 die Novem. In 22 H. 3. there was a new heavy Tax imposed on the Jews which some Jews in Bristol to avoid thought to flie the Land whereupon they were there imprisoned and at last released upon giving security not to depart the Realm and to pay the Tax as this record attests Mandatum est Constabul Bristol quod si Lumbard et Isaac Iudaei Bristol capti et in prisona Bristol detenti eo quod fugere volebant è terra Regis fecerint eum securum quod moram facient in terra Regis et quod reddent in medio quadragesimae Ann. c. 22. id quod ad eos pertinet de Tallagio Regis tunc eos ita deliberet è prisona T. R. apud Westm 5 die Martii There are several records this year for extending lands for the Debts of Jews take one for a president of the rest Mandatum est Jusâ—ieiariis ad custod Judaeorum assignatis quod extendi faciant terram Roberti de Ardern quae est vadium Crispini aliorum Judeorum et secundum valorem et quantitatem debiti rationabiles terras eos habere faciant T.R. apud Merleburge 25 die Martii The like extent mutatis mutandis is granted this year against the lands of William Marschal In the Clause rolls of 22 H. 3. in the Dorse of the Fine roll of 23. I find this notable case in Law reciting and expounding the Statute of Merton 20 H. 3. c. 5. concerning Usurie made but two years before it Rex Vic. Ebor. salutem Ostendit Regi Ric de Watervill quod cum in Curia Regis coram Justiciariis suis apud Westm per considerationem ejusdem Curiae recuperasset versus Rogerum de Colevill custodiam terrae quae fuit Odmelli de Albano in Dalton usque aetatem haeredis ejusdem Odmelli Aaron de Ebor. Judaeus cujus vadium dicta terra dicitur esse postea per Breve Regis recuperavit seisinam ejusdem terrae tanquam vadium suum Quia vero Rex generaliter concessit in regno suo quod haeredibus infra aetatem existentibus non currant usurae super terras suas quae vadia sint Judaeorum nec hujusmodi invadationes auferâ—e debent Dominis feodorum custodiam tâ—rrarum quae de eis tenentur per servicium militare Mandatum est Vic. Ebor. quod praedict Nicho. de praedicta terra nomine custod talem seisâ—am faciat qualem inde habuit antequam praedicto Judeo per praeceptum Regis seisâ—am inde habere fecit T. R. apud Windsore 17 die Junii If Sir Edw Cook had been so well seen in records as most deem him he would certainly have remembred this in his Commentary on the Statute of Merton cap. 5. I meet with these four records in 23 H. demonstrating what fines Releifs the Jews heirs paid to the King to enjoy their Estates after their decease c. Aaron Judeus Ebor. Benedictus fil Jossei haeredes Samuelis fil Joscei Judei finem fecerunt cum Rege pro habendis terris et catallis quae fuerunt praedicti Samuelis pro centum libris de quibus reddit xx l. per annum scil x l. ad Pasch An. 23. ad festum Sancti Michaelis Anno eodem x l. et sic de anno in annum et de termino in terminum donec praedict 100 lib. plene fuerint solutae Et mandatum est Justic ad custod Judaeorum assignatis quod ita irrotulari omnes terras et catalla praedicta eisdem Aaron et Benedicto deliberari faciant salvo uxori ejusdem Samuelis rationabili dote sua secundum Legem et consuetudinem Judeorum quam quidem doâ—em idem Justiciar ei sine dilatione facient assignari T. R. apud VVoodstock 18 die Novembris Rex Baronibus suis de Scac. salutem Sciatis quod concessimus Ursello fil Hamond de Hereford et fratribus suis quod de fine quem fecerunt nobiscum pro habendis terris 〈◊〉 catallis praedicti Hamonis patris sui habeant eosdem terminos quos eis prius concessimus et tantundem Nobis reddent per annum quantuÌ„ reddere deÌ„bent per praefatam concessionem nostram eis prius factam ita quod primus terminus eorum incipiet ad Pasch an r. n. 23. sic deinceps reddant nobis de termino in terminum tantum denar per ann quant reddere debuerunt per praedict concessionem donec totus finis nobis persolvatur non obstante eo quod praedicti Ursell et fratres sui terminos suos quos eis concessimus non observarunt T. R. apud Westm 18 die Ian. By these two Presidents and many others in the Fine Rols of this Kings reign which I pretermit is is apparent 1. That all the Jews goods chattels houses lands upon their decease remained in the Kings hands neither could their children enjoy them till they had made a special Fine
Berkhamested habere consueverunt Archamque quam fuit apud Berkhamsted similiter habeant apud VVallingford et eodem modo quo ipsam habuerunt apud Berkhamsted Et mandatum est Justic ad custod Jud. assignatis quod sic fieri permittant T.R. How the Jews heirs after their decease made fines to the King for their real and personal estates and how their wives were indowed this Record will manifest of the same year with the former Rex Baron suis de Scac. salutem Mandamus vobis quod distringatis Mayden quae fuit uxor Jacob. Crespin ad reddend Moss fil praedict Iacob et Isaac fratri suo terras domos redditus catalla et omnia debita quae fuerunt praedicti Jacob. patris sui pro quibus ipse Moss et Isaac finem â—ecerunt nobiscum sicut per alias litetas nostras vobis significavimus Et cum praedicti Moss Isaac seisinam habuerint de praedict terris domibus redditibus catal et debitis tunc eidem Mayden rationabilem dotem suam a praedict Moss et Isaac faciatis assignari T. R. apud Merewel 2 die Maii. In the 27 year of King Henry the King issued this precept to have a Convert Iew instructed in the Christian Faith and learning in any place where he might Mandatum est Ebor. Archiepiscopo et VV. de Cantelup then Commissioners or Justices for the Jews affairs Quod Martino converso faciant administrari in aliqua villa ubi possit tam de fide Catholica quam literarum scientia feliciter erudiri T. R. apud Burdegal 3 die Febr. The same year the King commanded the Executors of the Bishop of Winchester by his Writ to pay to W. de Haevenshel and Edward son of Odo 100l ad terras emendas ad opus Conversorum London ad sustentationem eorundem T. R. apud Burd 12 die Aprilis Et mandatum est praedictis VVillo et Edwardo quod denarios illos ab illis recipiant etterras ad opus praedictor conversorum emant Ita quod terrae praedict emptae fuerint citra festum Nativ sancti Iohis Baptistae Such was the care and charity of those times for the converts support This year the King pardoned several debts of particular Englishmen owing to particular Jews respited the payment of other Debts for a time to others by several writs to the Iustices assigned for the Iews And likewise assigned and granted the Office of Aarons Presbyteratus Judeorum Angliae in the Exchequer forementioned to Elie le Eveske a Jew of London or his Attorney with all the Rolls of the Exchequer belonging to Aaron in as ample manner as Aaron formerly had them commanding the Justices assigned for the Jews custody to invest him in this office of Aaron Et nullam decetero summonitionem facere de aliquo debito de quo debetur responderi coram eis nisi per visum et testimonium predicti Elye vel illius quem ad hoc loco suo attornaverit which clearly proves that the Presbyteratus omnium Iudaeorum totius Angliae granted to Aaron and now transferred to Elye was nothing else but the Custos Rotulorum or Controllership of the Exchequer Et mandatum est eisdem quod quotiens idem Elyas intendere non possit ad sedendum ad Scac. Joceum fil Copini loco suo recipiant ad ea facienda ad idem Scac. quae ad Presbyteratum Iudaeorum pertinent Rotulos etiam qui fuerant Jocei predecessoris sui eidem Elye vel attornato suo habere faciatis T. apud Westm 21 die Octob per Will. de Cantil Edward fil Odonis Quia Abraham Iudeus Berkhamsted clamat partem in debito quod continetur in cartae Johannis de Brabini confect inter ipsum Johannem et praedict Abraham et Mosseum Iudeum Hereford Mandatum est Cirographariis custodibus Archae Judaeorum Hereford quod praefata Carta per praefat Mosseum vel per alium nemini liberetur donec Rex aliud inde praeciperit Which shewes that one Jew could not discharge the debt due joyntly to him and another Jew but by the others consent In the 28 of H. 3. two Jews being wrongfully arrested for a Debt due by another the King sent this writ to discharge them and imprison the Jewess that owed it Rex Justic ad cust Iud. assignatis salutem Sciatis quod probatum fuit coram nobis apud Stanford quod Gentilla vidua Iudea de Stanford debet R. Com. Cornub. fratri nostro illas 13 lib pro quibus Coc. Samuelem Judeos de Stanford arrestari fecistis in villa praedict ita quod eam cap. et in prisona detineri praecipimus donec solverit pecuniam praedict Et ideo vobis mandamus quod praedict Coc. Samuel ceterosque omnes Iudeos de Stanford de praedict 13 lib. quietos esse faciatis T. Rege apud Not. 10 die July This year Aaron a Jew of York assigned a Debt of 500 l to the King in part of a debt which he owed the King which the King commanded Hugh Bygod who owed it in right of his wife to pay into the Exchequer And likewise commanded all the Jews to be removed out of Nuberry and Spenbamland by this writ Mandatum est Vic. Berks Quod Judeos qui manent in Villa de Nubury et in villa de Spenhamland remittat sine dilatione usque Winton et ibi maneant sicut prius solent nec de caetero maneant in Villis prae dictis T. R. apud Readings 27 die Decemb. A Jew accused for clipping and falsifying monies fled for refuge to the King who thus remanded him Rex W. de Ebor prepos Beverley Hen de Bath salutem Quia intelleximus quod vos mandaveritis Vic. nostro Hereford ad capiend Cok Judeum Hereford tanquam falsarium et retuntorem Denar et idem Judeus venit ad Curiam nostram apud Reading quaerens subterfugium captionis suae Nos ipsum Judaeum fecimus arrestari ad vos mittentes eundem ut vos super eo quod ei imponitur secundum quod videritis expedire faciatis T. R. apud Reading 12 die May. After which follows this record Rex W. de Havershull Thesaur suo et Constab suo London salutem Mandamus vobis quod Judeos assignatos ad custodiam catallorum debitorum quae fuerunt David Judei Oxon distringatis ita quod illi Judei qui manuceperunt finem 5000 marc quem Licoric quae fuit uxor praedict David fecit nobiscum pro habendis catallis et debitis ipsius David ut eum habeamus terminis assignatis de Tallagio Iudeorum nobis solvend et ipsam Licoric a prisona deliberari faciatis Ita tamen quod nullam habeat administrationem de catallis debitis praedictis ante instans festum Nativitatis beat Mariae donec post eundem festum vobis inde mandaverimus Et Sciatis quod remissimus Aaron Judeo Ebor. custodiam praedict
c. salutem Sciatis quod concessimus Aaroni filio Abrahami Iudeo quod sicut talliatus fuit ad decem octo libras coram Nobis ad terminum Sancti Michaelis Anno c. 33. sic tallietur ad quatuor Annos sequentes ad triginta et sex libras singulis annis praedictorum quatuor annorum videlicet ad festum Paschae Anno c. 34 to ad 18 libras et ad festum Sancti Michaelis proximo sequens ad 18 libras et sic DE ANNO IN ANNUM ad eosdem terminos ad 36 libras Ita quod post praefatum terminum praedictorum quatuor annorum ad majorem pecuniae summam modo talliatur In cujus c. Teste Rege apud VVindsore 21 die Sept. In the Fine Rolls of this year I find these Passages relating to the Jews who all joyntly and severally made great fines to the King this year particularized in the Fine rolls what sum every Jew whose name is there entred at large was to pay to the King whereof take this brief account of some few as a pattern of all the rest Mandatum est Vic. Kanc. quod si Judei Cantuar. invenerint securitatem sufficientem de 7 l. 8 s. 8 d. de novo Tallagio super eos assesso de 11 l. 17 s. 5 d. de veteri Tallagio super eos assesso ad aurum Regi inde emendum unde alias recepit mandatum Regis ita quod pecuniam illam habeat in manu sua quod inde Regi respondere possit ad Scacc. Regis in Crastino Sancti Michaelis tunc praefatos Judeos permittat in pace ita quod eos non distringat pro aliquo alio Tallagio donec aliud a Rege acceperit in mandatis T. R. apud Merton 12 dâ—e Sept. Mandat est Vic. Ebor. quod sicut seipsum diligit habeat ad Scac Regis in Octabis Sancti Michaelis de Aaron de Ebor. Judeo de novo Tallagio super eum assesso 16 l. 11 s. Et de eodem de veteri Tallagio super eum assesso unde Vic. alias recepit mandatum Regis 26 l. 7 s. et de caeteris Judeis Civitatis Ebor. de noâ—o Tallagio 14 l. 11 s. et de eisdem de veteri Tallagio unde Vic. alias recepit mandat Regis 23 l. 7 s. ad aurum Reg. inde emendum T. ut supra Eodem modo scribitur de Iudaeis Exon de Tallag Vic. Devon De Iudeis Bedford Merlebr Bristoll Warw. Glocest Cantebr London Norwic. Colecester Winton Wigorn Hereford Oxon Nottingh Northampton Lincoln and other Towns and to their respective Sheriffs to levy the particular sums both of the New and Old Tallage forementioned there specified in like manner as to the Sheriff of Yorke which particulars fill up an whole roll well nigh In the same Roll the King respites Jacobus Le Eveske a Jew and Flora his daughter a fine of 45 l. 6 s. 8 d. pro Relevio et aliis finibus and sundry other Jews there named paid the like Fines pro Relevio upon their Parents deaths to injoy their estates to be paid at certain times there limited into the Exchequer Et mandatum est Baron de Scac. et Justic ad custod Judeorum assignatis quod sic fieri et irrotulari faciant T. R. apud Guldeford 13 die Sept. The like Fines for relief pro terris catallis Patris eorum ratione relevii Regi contingentibus paid by sundry Iews I meet with in 34 H. 3. and many Fine Rolls else throughout his reign and in Edward the 1. which I pretermit it being entred of some Dederunt Regi 20 s. auri or some other sum of gold prae manibus In 34 H. 3. There was a tax of ten thousand marks imposed on the Jews and this composition made between the King and Salmon Bishop a Jew concerning it future Taxes thus entred in the Fine roll of that year Rex concessit Salmoni Episcopo Judeo London quod de Tallagio 10 mil. marc per annum sit ad 20 l. dum Tallagium Judeorum sit in tali statu et si crescat Tallagium Judeorum crescat ejus portio quae ipsum continget de Tallagio praedicto et si decrescatur simili modo Ita tamen quod si tota Communitas Judeorum Regi gravetur de Tallagio praedicto aut summa X. millium marc debeat decrescere eo quod idem Salmon est ad talem summam respondeat at idem Iudeus ad liberatum librae suae de praedict 20 l. sicut alii Judei faciunt in tallagio suo Et reddat Regi praedict 20 lib. annuatim ad duos terminos viz. 10 l. ad Scac. S. Michaelis 10 l. ad Scac. Paschae Et mandatum est Iusticiariis ad custod Iud assignatis quod sic fieri et irrotulari faciant et pro licentia concessionis dedit Regi unam marcam auri T. R. apud Wyndes 1. die Octob. et habet inde Literas Patentes per eadem verba The like compositions were made with the King by Aaron of York and many other Jews in this and other years In the 34 year of King H. 3. I find this recital in a writ That the King by the long received custome of the Realm ought to succeed the Iews themselves in all houses and other Lands which they should purchase within the realme upon their deaths outlary or departure hence and that he might grant them to whom he pleased as well as tax them and seise their goods at his pleasure Rex Vicecomiti Norff. salutem Licet de consuetudine longeva dicatur obtentum in regno nostro quod Nos in Domibus et aliis quas acquisiverint Iudaei in regno nostro succedere debeamus ipsis Iudaeis aures tamen nostras precibus Edmundi Kake de Norwic. Capellani misericorditer inclinantes concessimus eidem Edmundo de gratia nostra quod non obstante consuetudine praedicta habeat Messuagium illud in Norwic de quo nuper seisinam fieri fecimus Magistro Benedicto et quod Seigumet Iudaeus utlagatus tenuit de praedicto Edmundo in eadem villa de Norwic. Et ideo tibi praecipimus quod eidem Edmundo de praedicto messuagio sine dilatione plenam seisinam habere facias T. R. apud Clarendon 13 die Decembris In the same roll I find a writ to attach both the body and goods of a Jew and to bring them both before the Justices assigned for the Iews Mandatum est Vicecomiti Dorset quod habeat coram Iusticiariis regis ad Custodiam Iudeorum assignatis apud Westm in Crastino Sanctae Mariae Magdalenae corpus Solomonis Iudei de Dorcestria cum omnibus catallis ipsius Iudaei sub sigillo suo T. R. apud Merleberge 21 die Junii In the Patent roll of this year the King granted this License to the Masters of the Law of the Commonalty of the Jews in London to excommunicate
such Jews as refused to contribute that subsidy they had promised towards the sustaining of their common Churchyard in London whom they could not excommunicate without his leave Rex Iusticiariis suis ad Custodiam Iudaeorum assignatis salutem Sciatis quod concessimus Iudaeis nostris London quod Magistri legis eorundem Iudaeorum in Ciuitate London promulgare possint summam Excommunicationem in omnes illos Iudaeos qui subsidium aliquod promiserunt ad Cimiterium London sustinendum et illud non solverint Ita quod Nos non alii de Judaeis excommunicatis sufficientes emendas recipiamus T. R. 28 Die Julii In the 35 of Henry 3. there are these records touching the Jews Mandatum est Philippo Luvel et Sociis suis Justiciariis Judaeorum sicut alias Quod de Tallagio X. milium Marcarum assesso super Communitatem Iudaeorum Angliae faciant habere Reginaldo de Salinis 40 libras ad terras inde emendas ad opus suum vel ad commodum suum alio modo faciendum prout sibi viderit expediri etillas in eodem Tallagio faciendo allocari Communitati praedictae Et Rex bene vult quod eadem 40 l. Ricardo de Salinis allocantur in debitis quod debet in Judaismo pro eodem Reginaldo dum tamen idem Reginaldus securus sit de protione sua T. R. apud Wherewell 25 die Maii. Per ipsum Regem The wives and children of the Jews oft times used to be distrained and imprisoned for their Debts as appears by this record to respite such proceedings against them for a time Anno 35. H. 3. Mandatum est Vic. Devon quod non distringat nec distringi permittat uxorem Boneufaunt Judei Exon. vel pueros suos per corpora sua ipsos imprisonando occasione alicujus debiti seu demandae tangentis ipsum Boneufaunt de fine 100 marc auri quia Rex vult ipsam Iudeam cum predictis pueris suis esse in pace usque ad octabis Sti. Mich. prox futuri Et si ipsos imprisonavit eos interim deliberari faciat T. R. apud Windsore 2 die Septemb. per ipsum regem This year there was a tax of 10000 marks imposed on the Iews as is evident by Pat 35. H. 3. pars 2. m. 4. De tallagio Iudeorum assidendo for assessing it and this Precept concerning it Mandatum est Baron de Scac. ad custodiam Iudeorum assignatis quod provideant etâ—ordment inter se qualiter illa 10 millia marc quae regi debentur de Tallagio Iudeorum regi persolvi possint And in the same membrana there is this command to buy gold with the Jews money for the Kings use Mandat W. de Hoverhull Thes reg Edward de Westm et Phil. Luvell quod de omnibus denariis de Judaismo provenientibus aurum ad opus regis emi faciant sicut rex eidem Philippo dudum injunxit et sicut T. Espernon eis exponet ex parte regis T. R. What great sums of gold the King received of some Iews this year to be exempted from taxes paying set rates for 4 years space will appear by this record Mandatum est Justiciariis ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis quod illas 10 mil. marcas auri quas Elias Judeus London regi dedit pro sic quod a festo St. Mich. An. 34. usque in quatuor annos prox sequentes completos non talliaretur nisi ad centum libr. per annum dum Tallagium regis duraret eidem inde proximis terminis suis Tallagii sui fac allocari Ita quod de cetero respondeat in tallagio suo Judeorum secundum facultates suas sicut rex alias eis mandavit non obstanre gratia regis quam ei concesserit pro donatione predicti auri T. R. apud Clarendon 10 die Iuuii Consimiles literas habet Aaron fil Abrah Judeus London de 25 marc auri allocari ut supra continetur eisdem Justic directas T. ut supra per ipsum regem Et quia Aaron de Ebor. affirmavit coram rege quod predict aurum prefatis Aaron et Eliae alia vice per mandatum Regis de quo Rex non recolit fuit allocatum Mandat est prefatis Justic quod super hoc regem fine dilatione certificent Scituri quod dictus Aaron Regi promisit 200 marc argenti nisi predicta summa auri praedictis Iudeis per regem fuit allocata in Tallagio suo T. R. c. per ipsum regem The King this year allows a Jew to sue for the remainder of a debt which the King had pardoned and the Bond to be taken out of the Chest by this Writ Rex Justic ad custod Iudeorum assign Cum nullus Iudeus debeat plac de Cirograf in Archa Iudeorum inventa et catal Abr. de Berchanster quae capta fuerunt in manum nostram ex toto credebamus ad opus nostrum retinere quoruÌ„ residuuÌ„ ad petitionem R. Com. Cornub. eidem remissimus licet alias dederimus vobis in mandatis quod in quiraretis per sacr legal hominum qualem summam pecuniae Galfr. Mansell de dicto Abr. recepit et dict G. de usuris forte solum quietum remaneret Volumus tamen cum dictus Iudeus residuum catallorum suorum recuperaverit quod dict G. distringi faciatis ad plenam solutionem totius residui dicto Iudeo faciend secundum formam Cyrogr. sui Et ideo vobis mandamus quod sic fieri et irro ulari fac Ita quod dictus Iudeus totam summam in parte sua Cyrogr. contentam cum debito integre possit recuperare Et licet Cyrogr. alias per preceptuâ— nostrum ab Archa sit extract hoc facere non omittatis T. apud Harding 25. die August The Jews in that age could not without the Kings special license remove themselves or goods from one City to another and acquainting the Justices assigned for the Jews of his royal pleasure therein and were enforced to give security for one another to pay their Taxes to the King as this record of 36 H. 3. will evidence Rex concessit Iacobo filio Boneufaunt Judeo quod libere recedat a Villa Gloucestriae et moram facere in civitate London Et quia idem Judeus fecit regi securitatem per Iacobum le Eveske Iudeorum de tallagio suo ad quod tallietur ad festum sancti Martini regi reddendo Mandatum est Vicecom Glouc. quod ad ipsum aut ad familiam suam aut catalla sua manum non apponat sed ipsum cum omnibus praedictis a Villa Gloucestriae libere recedere permittat Teste Rege apud Woodstoke 19 die Augusti per ipsum regem Et mandatum est Iusticiariis ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis quod ipsum inter Iudeos regis in civitate praedicta manere permittant Teste ut supra Mandatum est eisdem quod faciant habere Iacobo le Eveske
Com. praedicto omnibus modis quibus modis sciveris et poteris per corpora et catalla sua infra Archas Cyrograph London et extra inventa ad reddendum Regi ad opus dicti fratris nostri portionem quae eis continget de praedict 522 marc Et si contigerit quod aliquis Iudeus vel Iudea defecerit in solutione porcionis quae ipsum Judeum vel Iudeam contingit de tall et portione predictis tunc accedas ad Arch. praedict et extrahi facias de melioribus et clarioribus debitis suis in Atchis illis inventis usque ad portionem quae ipsum Iudeum vel Iudeam continget de tallio et portione predict ad distringendum omnes debitores eorundem debitotum ita quod habeas omnes denarios illos albos et integros per manum tuam propriam apud Wallingford in vigilia St. Andr. Apostoli an r. n. 40. liberand praedicto Com. vel ipsis qui per ipsum Com. ad haec fuerint deputati et habeas ad eosdem diem et locum de arreragiis Tallagii 100 l. de termino Sancti Trinit praeter de Coc. fil Aaron and 20 other Iews there named ordered to pay special sums there specified as due from each of them liberandos per manum tuam praedicto Com. vel ipsis qui ad hoc fuerint deputati unde alias recepisti mandatum nosâ—rum quod non es exercutus habeas etiam ad eosdem diem et locum corpora Eliae Epi. Aaron fil Abraham Solomon Epi. et Iacob Epi Iudeorum plegios de tallio praedicto una cum corporibus illorum Iudeorum Iudearum quae aliqua arreragia debuerunt de Tallagio praedict Et Ita te habeas in hoc mandato exequendo quod pro defectu tui ad te graviter capere non debeamus nec de terris et catallis tuis praedicta debita levari faciemus T. me ipso apud Westm 24 die Octob. an r. n. 39. Eodem modo mandatum est Vic. Linc. VVigorn Oxon. Suthampt. Linc. Ebor. Devon Wilteshire Gloucest Cantebr Norff. Bedeford Essex Hereford Constab Bristol to levy other particular summes upon particular Jewes there mentioned too tedious to transcribe conteining an whole Roll where all who please may view them at their leasure and the Jews too names being many Then follows Quia Com. Cornub. supplicavit Regi quod mittat aliquem de suis usque Wallingford in vigil St. Andr. prox futur qui inter sit solutioni tunc faciendae ibid. de Tallagio et debitis Judeorum formerly particularized at large quae ei concessit in parte solutionis debitorum in quibus ei tenetur Mandatum est Tho. Espernon quod omnibus negotiis pretermissis eidem solutioni dictis die loco inreter sit ad eam videndam et irrotulaâ—d hoc non omittat T. ut supra Eodem modo mandat est Cyrogr. Arch. Iudeorum Winton quod adjuvantes sint et consulentes Vic. Suth ad levand ad opus dic Com. Cornub. de 160l 12 marc quae communitatem Judeor Winton contingunt de Tallagio nulle libr. super Iudeos Angliae assess de termino St. Martini prox preter et quod permittant predict Vic. Visis literis ipsis habere liberam administrationem debitorum in Archis illis inventorum ad levand praedict 160l 12 marc hoc sicut se et sua diligunt non omittant T. ut supra Eodem modo mandat est Cyrograph Archae Iudaeorum Colecester Wigorn London to levy other particular summs there specified in like manner And Dors 4. there are the same writs in all things pro assidendo levando upon the Commonalty of the Jews of London 247 mar and of other sumsuâ—on all Jews of England in form aforesaid In Claus 39. H 3. m. 7 There is order for Vines a Jew to recover his debts owed by creditors by reason of his poverty Also Commands to Sheriffs to seal up the Iewes Chests and to others to open and view their writings Mandat est Cyrogr. Christianis Judeis Hereford quod petmittant Vic. Hereford Hug. de Pylardington habere accessum ad Arch. Cyrogr. er illam sigillis suis signare et quod permittant Will. Mansell Vic. War praedict Hug. predict sigilla frangere Cyro in praedict Archa invent videre et irrotulare prout injunxit T. per Philip Luvel Eodem modo mandat c. Cyrogr. Christ Jud. et Vic. Wigorn. statim visis literis accedat ad Arch. Cyr. Wigorn. illum sigillo suo signet quod capiat corpota Hake de VVigorn Iud. et Aar et Samps fil suor et eos duci fac Lond. ibi custod Turr. R. Lond. T. ut supra The like command is to the Sheriff of Hereford to seal up the Jews Chest there and for Hugh P. to search it In Claus 39 H. 3. paâ—s 2. dors 16 17. There is a large Catalogue of the Lands Houses Rents Morgages real and personal estate and debts of Abraham a Jew in several Counties amounting to a vast sum taking up near two Membranes which were all imbreviated and confiscated to the Kings use And a proclamation by the King that No Iew should be suffered to depart out of the realm of England In 40 H. 3. the King by his Letters Patents authorized Commissioners to sell the houses and enquire after the goods and chattels of the Jews condemned for crucifying a child at Lincoln Rex omnibus c. Sciatis quod constituimus dilect et fidel nostros Simon Passeleiw et Will de Leighton Vic. nostri London ad vendend per visum et testimonium legalium hominum domos quae fuerunt Judaeoâ—um Linc. suspensorum pro parvo crucifixo ibidem prout commodo nostro magis viderint expedire et ad inquirend quo devenerunt catalla eorundem Iudaeorum et qui ea habeant et quantum valeant Et ideo vobis mandamus quod eidem Simoni et Vis. ad hoc sitis intendenâ—es et auxiliantes cum ab eis requisiti fueritis In cujus c. T. R. apud Woodest 20 die Aug. It seems some of these Jews that crucified this child turned Christians to save their lives for which I find this kind of pardon grated to one of them at the suit of a Frier Rex omnibus c. salutem Sciatis quod ad instantiam dilecti nobis in Christo fratris Iohannis de Dorbuton pardonavi Iohanni Converso sectam pacis nostrae quae ad nos pertinet pro morte pueri nuper crucifixi apud Lincoln dum predictus Iohannis fuit Iudeus â—jusdem Civitatis unde rectatus est et firmam pacem nostram ei inde concedimus Ita tamen quod stet recto in Curia nostra si quis versus eum inde loqui voluerit In cujus c. T. R. apud Westm 10 die Jan. The same year there issued a precept to the Sheriff of Lincoln to
Fischamp Petro de Winton Cler. et faciend inde quod Rex eis injunxit Anno 46 H. 3. I find 18 several Jews paying several fines to the King fot Patents and that they might abide within certain Towns As likewise a Precept to the Constable of the castle of Glocester to seise all the chattels houses Lands and tenements of Caupon a Jew of Glocester and keep them safe till the King gave farther Order with this further command to the Barons Mandatum est Baron de Scac. Quod omnes Cartas Tallias et instrumenta inventa in Archis Regis Cyrographariis de debitis Judeorum per Angliam Regi relictis seu concessis post ultimum scrutinium et proventum fact de debitis predictis per illos quos Rex ad hoc deputavit coram eis venire faciant ad praedicta debita ad usus Regis levanda secundum quod Rex eis injunxit T. c. He likewise made several grants to Jews not to release pardon respite or extend their Debts in this form Rex omnibus c. Sciatis Quod per finem quem Benedictus de Lincoln Judeus fecit nobiscum et de quo nobis satisfecit in Garderoba nostra concessimus eidem Iudeo quod de nullis debitis suis quae eidem debentur aliquam extentam aut terminorum prorogationem quietantiam seu donationem aliquam faciemus infra quinquennium à tempore confectionis praesentium literatum In cujus c. T. R. apud Windsore 15. die Maii. The like Patents were then granted to 4 other Jews and to 8. Jews more on the 19th of February The Jews of Canterbury complaining to the King of violence offered to them by the people in Canterbury who broke open their doores beat them and intended to burn their houses with fire in the night issued this commission to inquire out the Malefactors that they might be punished Cum Rex ex parte Judaeorum Cant. gravem accepit querimoniam quod quidem malefactores et pacis Regis perturbatores tam Clerici quam Laici ejusdem civitatis nuper venerunt noctanter ad domos eorundem Judeorum in eadem villa et ostia et fenestra eorundem domorum securibus exciderunt et fregerunt et ad domus illas comburendas ignem ibidem detulerunt postmodum quoâ—dam ex Judeis praedictis enormiter verberaverunt maletractaverunt contra pacem Regis Rex assignavit Walt. de Bersted ad inquirend per sacram c. qui transgressionem praedict fecerunt quid per eandem inquisitionem invenerit regi in propria persona sua sine dilatione scire fac ut ad insolentiam predict malesactorum reprimendam et correctionem debitam de transgressionibus predict faciendam de consilio suo faciat quod super fuerit faciendum Et mandat est Vic. Kanc. c. The Justices of Assize this year proceeding notwithstanding a Prohibition from the Justices of the Jews to stay the proceedings in a suit for a Jews house in Colchester which was recovered by his default notwithstanding the Prohibition thereupon there issued this writ of restitution for the Jew Rex Vic. Essex salutem Cum Willielmus de Ponte nuper Arraniavit per Breve nostrum quandam Assisam novae disseisinae coram Nich. de True et sociis suis Justic nostris ultimo Itin. in Com. Essex vers Hanekun de Flemeg et Ursellum Judeum de Colecester de ten in Colecester ac per Iohannem de Weston et Tho. de Pynkesden Iustic ad custod Iud. assign eidem Ursello sit inhibitum ne alibi quam coram eis super aliquo respondere praesumeret per quod idem Ursell coram praefato Nicho. et sociis suis Iustic nostris comparere non audebat praefato Willielmo inde respondere Cumque Assisa illa per defaltum praefati Urselli tunc capta fuisset ac idem Willus seisinam de tenem predicto per ret Assisae praedict â—ecuperavit Attendentes absentiam praefati Iudaei occasione Inhibitionis praedict sibi factae ei non debere imputari tibi praecipimus quod praefato Iudeo tenem praedict cum pertinentiis rehabere fac tenendum absque destructione vel absque alienatione aliqua inde facienda vizt usque in crastinum Epiphaniae Dom prox futur ita quod tunc vel citra per praedict Mich. Johan Tho. quos Iustic nostros ad hoc assignavimus exhibeant in praemissis utraque parte Iusticiae complementum Et tu ipse provideas quod per judicium supradictum de tenemento illo nulla fiat alienatio seu domorum deterioratio nec aliquo modo inde fiat destructio per quod tenementum illus interim deteriorari contingat T. apud Westm 20 die Octob. This year the King committed all the Jews to his son Edward granting him the use of the Seales of his Exchequer to seal his Writs and a new Prison as this Record informs us Rex Thesaur et Baron suis de Scac. salutem Sciatis quod concessimus Edwardo fil nostro cui Judaismum nostrum commissimus quod Justic sui ad custod Judeorum assignat habeant Sigillum Scac. nostri Judeorum penes se quod omnia brevia et mandata ad Iudaismum illum spectantia subsigillo Scac. nostri Judeorum mittant ad sigilla nostra de cancellaria vel de Scaccario nostro Ita quod brevia et mandata praedict ibi sine difficultate consignantur Et mandamus Magistro I. de Chishal Cancellario Scac. nostri quod brevia et mandata illa sine difficultate consignari fac et attornatos ejusdem filii nostri omnes denar inde provenient percipere permittat ad opus ejusdem fil nostri Volumus etiam quod idem fil noster habeat prisonam ad Judeos et alios distringendos et Justiciandos prout secundum legem et consuetudinem regni nostri fieri debet et consue vit Et ideo sic fieri faciatis T. R. 12 die Iulii Mandatum est I. de Chishal Cancellar Scac. reg quod omnia brevia mandata quae Justic ad custod Jud. assign sibi mittant sub sigillo Scac. reg Judeorum sine difficultate consignari fac Et attornatos Edwardi fil reg cui rex Iudaismum suum commisit et omnes denarios de praedictis brevibus et mandatis provenientes percipere permittat ad opus ejusdem fil regis T. ut supra This year the King issued out this Writ to extract quoddam feodum out of the Chests of the Iews of Malle a Iew of Canterbury which the King granted to another directed Cyropraph Justiciariis Iudeis Cant. illum habeatis coram Justic nostr ad custod Iudeorum assign at a set day per unum ex vobis sub sigillis vestris praedict Iusticiariis nostris liberand ad faciend inde praeceptum nostrum Et habeas ibi hoc Breve T. W. Bagod apud Westm 4 die Iun. There
are 3 more the like Writs this year The King by his Charters this year granted sundry fees and annuities of several Iews by their assents specified in their Charters in which several persons were obliged by their Charters to these Iews and their heirs unto Robert Walerand Habend tenend eidem Roberto haeredibus suis libere quiete integre in pace sine reclamatione nostri haeredum nostrorum Iudeorum praedictorum in perpetuum secundum tenorem praedict Cartarum c. Dat. per manum nostram apud Westm 2 die Febr. King Henry in the 47 year of his reign confirmed Prince Edwards grant of the Iews to whom he formerly assigned them unto the Caturcensian Merchants to whome the Iews and Judaisme were morgaged for moneys advanced on them by this Patent Rex universis ad quos c. salutem Cum Edwardus noster dilectus Primogenitus ex praecepto assessu et voluntate nostra concesserit tradiderit insolutum Petro Ceraudo Willo Bernand frarribus pro seipsis eorum sociis civibus et Mercatoribus Caturcens pro mutuo per Dom. Edwardum ab eisdem Mercatoribus habito recepto London pro negotiis ipsius Edwardi regn nostri gravibus arduis totum Iudaismum nostrum ipsius regni nostri cum Scac. ejusdem Iudaismi et omnibus et singulis aliis proventibus et exitibus ceterisque ad idem Iudaismum spenctantibus Habend et tenend a die confectionis instrumenti interdict Edwardum et prefatos mercatores super dicto mutuo confecto usque ad quindenam sancti Iohis Baptistae Anno Dom. 1265. Prout in instrumento praedicto Patente seu literis dicti Edwar. quod seu quas eidem Mercatores penes se habent plenius continetur Nos praedict concessionem et traditionem ratas habentes et gratas eisdem praedict mercatoribus pro nobis et haeredibus nostris inviolabiter concedimus ac etiam in omnibus confirmamus Promittentes nos praedict concessionem et traditionem prout in praenominato instrumento seu literis sunt contentae warrantizare protegere seu defendere contra omnes pro nobis et heredibus nostris In cujus rei testimonium has literas nostras eisdem Mercatoribus fieri fecimus patentes Dat apud London 11 die Iunii An. r. n. 47. his Testibus Dom. Rico. rege Aleman fratre nostro Humfred de Bohun Com. Heresord et Essex Tho. Basset Justic nostr Angl. Hugh le Bygod Iohn Mansel Thes Ebor. Rob. Waller Ebulone de Montibus Petro de Essevel et aliis This year some Iews were indicted before the Justices itinerant and imprisoned and outlawed for receiving stollen goods as this Record informs us to stop the Utlawry Rex Vic. Sussex salutem Cum Manuel de Maford et Jacob fil Benedict Iudei nuper indictati coram Iustic nostris ultimo itinerantibus in com tuo de receptamento latrocinium se reddiderunt ad prisonam nostram parati inde secundum legem consuetudinem regni nostri stare juri tibi preceptum fuit ab eisdem Iustic nostris ipsos de Comitatu in comit propter contumaciam suam exigi praeter modum utlagari Tibi praecipimuâ— quod ab utlagaria in ipsos promulgata desistas bona eorundem Iudeorum ad opus nostrum reservari salvo custodiri fac donec aliud inde tibi praecipimus Teste Rege apud Westm 14 die Febr. King Henry Anno 48. made this Proclamation to prevent all violence against the Jews in VVinton and other places and preserve them theirs under his peace and protection as well as his other subjects threatning losse of life and Member to all such as should hurt or molest them as this Patent manifests committing them to the protection of 26 of the chief Citizens of Winchester by this Patent Rex Willo Fromund and to 25 more there named Civibus suis Winton salutem Cum divina cooperante gratia Pax in regno nostro ordinata sit firmata et ubique per ipsum regnum proclamata ac de consilio Baronum nostrorum provisum sit et ex parte nostra et ipsorum publice sit inhibitum ne quis sub poena exhaeredationis et periculo vitae et membrorum super aliquem currat nec homicidia vel incendia de predationes vel roberias seu alia hujusmodi faciat enormia nec cuiquam damnum inferat contra pacem nostram Cumque Judeos nostros Winton in nostram defensionem et protectionemspecialem suscepimus una cnm familiis rebus et omnibus possessionibus suis et ad tuitionem et majotem securitatem eorum vos de consilio Baronum nostrorum ad custodiam ipsorum Judeorum assignavimus Vobis mandamus firmiter injungentes quatenus per totam Civitatem praedict ex parte nostra et Baronum nostrorum praedict publice proclamari et firmiter inhiberi faciatis ne quis sub periculo vitae et membrorum praedictis Judeis vel suis familiis in personis vel rebus suis inferat dampnum molestiam vel gravamen Et vos ipsi Judeos ipsos familias suas res terras et omnes possessiones eorum infra praedictam civitatem et extra quantum in vobis est manuteneatis protegatis et defendatis talem ad hoc diligentiam apponentes quod vos inde merito commendare possumus Teste Rege apud St. Paulum London 14 die Iunii The King by the like Letters Patents committed the Jews of Nothampton to 26 Burgesses of the Town to be garded and protected by them whose names are specified in the Patent which recites Cum propter turbationem nuper habitam in regno nostro et maxime propter conflictum nuper habitum apud Northampt. Judei Northampt. ad cast fugerunt ibidem pro timore moram hactenus fecerunt Castrum illud exire non audentes de quo jacturam non modicam jam incurrimus ac sedata turbatione praedicta et inspirante gratia divina pax inter Nos et Barones nostros ordinata sit ac firmata ac in regno nostro publice proclamata propter quod de consilio nostro providimus quod eidem Judei redeant in villam prxdict ibidem moraturi sicut prius morari consueverunt Ac etiam ad tuitionem et majorem securitatem eorundem vos ad custodiam eorum assignavimus Vobis mandamus quod Judeos illos et omnes possessiones suas manuteneatis c. as in the former Cyrographariis autem et custodibus Archae Judeorum in villa praedicta cum opus fuerit consulentes sitis et auxiliantes ad ea facienda et exequenda quae ad officium suum pertinent in eadem villa pro quo diligentiam vestram merito commendare debeamus T. R. apud St. Paulum 2 die Iun. The like Patents were sent Majori Vicecomitibus London reciting the publike peace proclaimed as the first Patent doth then adding
Because they make much for the Honor and Antiquity of the University of Oxford my Nursing Mother and Step-Mother to though superiours unjust commands This year the King for the fine of 1000 pound per annum paid to him by the Commonalty of the Iews granted them this exemption from Taxes for 3 years Rex Thes et Baron suis de Scac. et Justic suis ad custod Iudeorum assign salutem Sciatis quod per finem mille librarum quam Communitas Judeorum nostrorum Angliae nobiscum fecit concessimus eisdem Judeis quod a tempore confectionis praesentium per triennium sequens respectum habeant de Tallagio super ipsos assidendo nisi nos aut filii nostri juxta votum nostrum interim proficiscuntur ad terram Sanctam ad quod necesse habeamus super communitatem predict Tallagium assidendi Ita quod de fine predict reddant Nobis die Martis prox post octabis Sanctae Trin. 500 marcas et in festo Nativ prox 500 marc in festo Sancti Michaelis prox sequenti residuas 500 marc Et ideo vobis mandamus quod concessionem predict in forma predict coram vobis irrotulari et pecuniam predict ad terminos illos de Communitate predicta ad opus nostrum levari fac Et quia pauperes Judei commun predict ratione finis praedicti ultra quam facultates suae suppetant nimis exonerari possint nisi finis ille circumspecte et fideliter super eos assideatur vobis mandamus quod divitibus Iudeis nostris in contributione facienda ad finem predict non parcatur et quod panperes Iudei ultra facultates suas non graventur T. R. apud Winds 26 die Maii. Yet notwithstanding at the same time he granted this writ to search their Chests and Charters Rex dilectis et fideli suis Iohan. de Westm et VValtero de Croce assignatis ad Archas Iudeorum Angl scrutandas salutem Sciatis c. relating the agreement and fine aforesaid Et ideo vobis mandamus quod omnia debita in Cartis et aliis munimentis infra Archas predict contenta irrotulari faciatis prout vobis injunximus viva voce Et cum praemissa feceritis Coffrariis Archarum predict Archas illas liberetis cariandas et reponendas locis quibus prius repositae extiterunt Ita quod tam Christiani quam Iudei Archarum illarum administrationem habeant sicut alias habere consueverunt T. R. ut supra This year the King called the Iustices of the Jews to give an account of the profits of his Judaism as this record informs us Rex Thes et Baron suis de Scac. salutem Mandamus vobis quod ad certum diem quam duxeritis assignand audiatis compotum Iustic nostr ad custod Iudeorum assignat de exitibus ejusdem Iudaismi à tempore quo dictis Iustic cust ejusdem Iudaismi commissimus custodiend usque ad festum Sancti Martini an reg n. 53. Et cum compotum predict vobis reddiderint sicut predict est nobis significatis qualiter nobis responderint et in quibus finibus stetit compotus eorundem Mandavimus enim eisdem Iustic quod ad diem quem eis sciri fac coram vobis accedant cum Rotulis Talliis et aliis compotum suum contingentibus ad compotum suum predict reddendum in forma praedict T. R. apud West 8 die Nov. Per Regem et totum Consilium Et mandatum est prefatis Iusticiariis quod coram prefat Iusticiariis accedant in forma predicta Per Regem et totuÌ„ Concilium This year the Jews without license stragling abroad and setling themselves in divers places where they had no chest nor former residence whereby they did many mischiefs and seduced and dishinherited many thereupon the King issued this writ to reduce them and rectifie these abuses Rex Vic. Oxon et Berks salutem Quia pro certo intelleximus quod per Judeos in diversis regni nostri partibus extra Civitates Burgos et Villas ubi nulla est Communitas Iudeorum nec Cyrograph Archa sparsim habitantes in contumeliam redemptionis nostri et periculum animarum necnon et multorum exhaeredationem malificia plurima committuntur Nos hujusmodi periculis ne ulterius invalescerent volentes salubriter providere tibi praecipimus firmiter injungentes quod per omnes Civitates Burgos Villas in Balliva tua ubi expediens fuerit ex parte nostra publice proclamari firmiter inhiberi facias Ne quis Judeus vel Judea per se alibi quam in Civitatibus Burgis Villis ubi sit communitas Iudeorum vel Cyrograph Archa super gravem forisfacturam nostram de cetero presumat habitare Et hoc sicut te et tua diligis non omittas T. R. apud Winds 23 die Aprilis One of the principal things of Note concerning the Iews this year is the Ordinance concerning the Iews made by the King by the advice and counsel of Prince Edward his Sonne and other honest men for the relief of the christians touching the grievances they sustained in their Debts and Fees morgaged to the Jews and against the Iews assigning of their debts to others without the Kings special License first obtained Which I find enrolled in French in a very fair hand in the Dorse of the Clause and Patent Rolls of 53 H. 3. and in the Red Booke of the Exchequer in the Remembrancers Office fol. 242. with this Title there prefixed to it Provisiones de Iudaismo liberatae ad Scaccarium per Dominum Walterum de Merton A la feste de Seint Hillayre del an du regne le Roy Henry fiz le Roy Iohan. cinquante tierz purvieu est per memes le Roy et per le conseil Sire Edward son fiz eyne et de ses autres prodes hommes a lamendement de la Tere Et Reliever les Crestiens des Grevances que il ont eu par la Iuerye de Angletere â—e totes les Dettes a Gyvues que sont â—oez et qe aparmenes sunt as meines de Gyvus et ne sont done a Crestien ne vendu issint qe avaunt ceo Jur. seent confirme par le Roy vel arroule al Eschekker soent quites a Crestiens qe les deyvent et a lour Eyres a tuz Jurs. Ensement les arrerages et les chartres par la ou eles serrunt trouees des avant dites dettes de foez seent renduz a Crestiens de ke les dettes sont dues ou a lour eyres Et si par aventure acune Chatre fust mise en huche ou troue des ore mes nul lu ne tyene Et qe nul Gyvu de ceo jur en avant tel manere de dette de foe ne ne preigne ne ne face Et ensement qe nul Gyvu ceo Feo a Crestien ne venda de cest jur en avant sur forfeiture de vie et de chatel
et honestius videritis expedire Volumus etiam quod sicut predicti redditus dictae domui ad sustentationem commorancium in eadem specialiter assignati sunt Ita etiam ad domum deferantur et distribuantur ibidem sicut predictum est Et si quos vobis aut ordinationi vestrae resistentes aut contradicentes inveneritis eos per sequestrationes porciorum suarum et aliter prout opus esse vider is compescatis T. R. apud Wesm 26 die Febr. This year the King granted this ensuing Pardon to a Jew for selling a pretended Debt for which he had no Charter to another for which he was committed Prisoner to the Tower and for making an escape from thence without License for which pardon he paid a Fine to the King Rex omnibus c. salutem Sciatis quod cum Abraham filius Jocei Judeus Ebor. pro quater viginti et undecim libris argenti quas Thomas de Basing civis noster London versus eum disrationaverat in Curia nostra coram Iusticiariis nostris ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis eccasione cujusdam debiti in quo idem Abraham dixerat Will. de Dyve sibi teneri quod quidem debitum ipse Judeus dicto Thomae vendidit unde nulla Carta inter ipsum Judeum et predictum Wil. in Archa nostra potuit inveniri per praeceptum Justic eorundem caperetur et infra Turrim nostram London detineretur et eidem Abrahamo à quibusdam Emulis suis sit impositum quod ab eadem Turri sine licentia custodis sui sive warranto temere recessit licet per literas nostras fecissemus eum deliberari Nos per finem duodecim bisanciarum quas predictus Abrahamus nobis solvit praemanibus pardonavimus eidem Abrahamo transgressionem quam fecisse dicitur vendendo debitum praedictum sine Carta et etiam transgressionem quam fecisse dicitur recedendo a Turri praedicta tempore detentionis suae praedictae Et ideo vobis mandamus quod praedictum Abraham occasione transgressionum praedictarum non occasionetis in aliquo vel gravetis T. R. apud Westm 26 die Martii This year I find a special Licence for a Jew to assign his Debt according to the Provisions in 53. H. 3. therein mentioned in form above rehearsed This year the King appointed this special form of Manucaption body for body for the Jews then imprisoned in the Tower for their Tallages and petitioning to be bailed discovering how strictly the King dealt with them in levying their heavy Taxes Rex Thes Baronibus suis de Scaccario salutem Sciatis nos de Consilio nostro talem formam manucapt onis Iudaeorum incarceratorum apud Turrim London providisse videlicet quod manucaptores manucapiant ipsos Iudeos quos manucapere volunt habendo corpora praedictorum Iudaeorum quos manuceperunt à die Sancti Johan Baptistae in 15 dies corpus pro corpore liberand Constabular Turr. praedictae carceri mancipanda ad voluntatem nostram donec nobis satisfecerint de Tallagiis suis super ipsos assessis nisi praedicta tallagia solvere velint ad terminos subscriptos videlicet medietatem ad quindenam Sancti Johan Baptist prox futur et aliam medietatem ad festum Sancti Jacobi Apostoli prox sequent Ita quod si praedecti manucapti praedictam solutionem fecerint ad praedictos terminos quieti sint praedicti manucaptores Et si in solutione praedicta in toto vel in parte defecerint ad eosdem terminos et praedicti manucaptores habeant corpora manucapta ad praedictum terminum in forma praedicta tunc similiter quod sint de manucaptione sua Ita tamen quod praedicti Manucapti quicquid prae manibus solverint de praedicto tallagio vel etiam ad aliquem terminorum praedictorum nisi totum solverint illud penitus amittant et nihilominus corpora sua una cum omnibus catallis et debitis suis nobis incurrantur ad voluntatem nostram inde faciendam et si manucaptores corpora manucaepta ad praedictum terminum non liberaverint nec manucapti Tallagium suum solverint sicut praedictum est tunc corpora manucapientium una cum omnibus Catallis et debitis suis incurrantur ad voluntatem nostram inde faciendam sicut praedictum est In cujus c. T. R. apud Westm 21 die Iunii In the 57 and last year of King Henry the 3. I find only a special license for a Jew to sell his Debt to a Christian wherein the ordinance of 53. H. 3. is recited I have now run through all the most material Records of King Henry the 3 his long and tedious reign relating to the Jews and their affairs pretermitting some few only of lesse moment and private concerment in some of the Fine Clause and Patent Rolls where those who are not fully satisfied with these already recited may glean them at their leasures I now proceed to the Records in the reigne of King Edward the first omitting all passages of the Jewes in the Fine Rolls of his reign as of lesse moment seeing the Patent and Clause Rolls afford us much plenty and variety of matter concerning our English Jews affairs their final banishment out of England and sale of their houses eascheated by their exile which Records were never yet published to the world in print and are unknown to most men King Henry the 3 deceasing and his Son Edward the 1 succeeding him Anno 1272. thereupon he constituted Hamon Hattayn and Robert de Ludham Justices for the custody of his Jews commanding the Treasurer and the Barons of the Exchequer to deliver to them the keys of the Jews Chests together with the Rolls Writs and other things belonging to the Jews as they had formerly done to other Justices by this Writ Quia Rex constituit Hamonem Haittayn et Robernum de Ludham Justiciarios suos ad custodiam Judaeorum suorum Mandatum est Thesaurario et Baronibus de Scaccario quod eisdem Hamoni Roberto claves Archarum Judaismi una cum Rotulis Brevibus et omnibus aliis Judaismum illud contingentibus liberent prout aliis Justiciariis ibidem prius consuevit Dat. per manum W. de Merton Cancellar apud Westm 27 die Ianuarii These new Justices were constituted not above 5 weeks after Kings Henries death and they were as all their Predecessors in that Office first instituted by King Rich. the 1 Anno 1194. Iusticiarii sui ad custodiam Iudaeorum suorum to shew that the Jews were nothing else but the Kings own VVards and Villaines and under his custody and protection only as such to tax and plunder them at his pleasure as his Father and Grandfather had done before him It appears by the Liberate of 1 E. 1. m. 1. 2. that the King allowed 20 marks a year to these Justices of the Jews for their Salary And the custody of the Rolls and writs of the Jews
suis usque ad summam praedictum debitorum ad opus nostrum in recompensationem eorundem capiatiâ— vel sibi juxta quantitatem catallorum suorum in Archa Cirografforum Iudaeorum exeuntem rationabiles terminos ad quos dâ—bita illa solvere possit salva sibi et familiae suae sustentatione sua assignari faciatis et catalla sua ea occasione in manum nostram capta sibi interim restituifaciatis Testâ—meipso apud VVindsore 28 die Maii. If the rich wealthy Jews in foreign parts have a desire to be impoverished and fleeced of all their wealth by uncessant arbitrary annual Taxes imposed on them at the Assessors pleasures let them now come into England for that purpose where they shall find persons more skilfull and powerfull to tax and excise them now every moneth or two then those who taxed these their Ancestors only once a year till they have scarce a subsistence left them The Jews Usury being totally suppressed to please the Christians by the Statute de Judaismo the King to enable them to pay their Taxes and subsist granted general Licenses to them to exercise merchandizing according to that Statute as this Record demonstrates Rex omnibus ad quos c. salutem Cum propter Inhibitionem quam ad commoditatem Christianorum de Usuris poenis Judaismi nostri Nuper fieri fecimus Concessimus quod Judaei regni nostri Merchandiâ—as legales exercere valeant in eodem regno Iuxta formam Statuti inde de Consilio nostro provisâ— Volumus concedimus quod Magister Elyas 〈◊〉 Magistri Mossei Cresseus fil ejusdem Elie Aaron fil Vynes Judaei nostri London hujusmodi Merchandisas exerceant in regno praedicto et quod debitores suos qui eisdem Judaeis per scripta vel alio modo legitime obligati fuerint ad mercandisas et alia quae eis rationabiliter debuerint soluenda per Jnsticiarios ad custod Judaeorum assignatos distringantur secundum legem consuetudinem Regni nostri In cujus c. T. R. apud Windsore 30 die Maii. By this Record of 5 E. 1. it is most apparent that the Statute de Iudaismo prohibiting Usury to the Jews and enabling them to exercise Merchandise was not made in 18 E. 1. as is erroniously affirmed by Sir Edward Cook being 13 years after this Patent which twice precisely mentions it in these words Inhibitionem quam c. nuper fieri fecimus and Juxta formam Statuti inde de Consilio nostro prouisi but in the 3 year of his reigne scarce two years before it as I have here formerly manifested by two other records in 4 E. 1. the very next year after it And it is likewise evident by this record that the banishment of the Jews Usury out of England by this Statute did not cause them voluntarily ro banish themselves out of England as he grosly asserts since they continued here 15 years after notwithstanding all their Usury was suppressed In this last Patent the King seemes to speak to the Jews with Iacobs Voice but in the very first Patent concerning them the next year after he discovers his Esau's hands imposing an heavy Taxe upon their decayed estates with greatest rigor in the exacting of ir witness this memorable Commission to their Aegyptian Task-masters which I fear some now of late do imitate even towards their English Christian Brethren Rex dilectis fidel suis Fratri Josepho de Chancy Priori Hospit Sancti Johannis Jerusalem in Anglia Waltero de Helynn Johanni de Cobham Philippo de Willeby salutem Sciatis quod assignavimus vos ad assidendum quoddam Tallagium super Communitatem Iudaeorum nostrorum ad opus nostrum quà m citius et commodius videritis expedire et prout vobis inâ—unximus viva voce Dante 's vobis potestatem praedictum Tallagium de bonis catallis et debitis praedictorum Judaeorum levandi et nomine nostro adnuandi nec non et hujusmodi Iudaeos qui in hac parte Rebelles fuerint Per Exilium et Abjurationem Regni si necesse fuerit compellendi ad dictum Tallagium pro proportionibus ipsos contingentibus Nobis fine Difficultate qualibet persolvenâ— Et ideo vobis mandamus quod praemissa faciatis informa praedicta Teste Rege apud Windsore 15 die Iulii Et mandatum est universis et singulis Iudaeis infra regnum Angliae constitutis quod eisdem Josepho Waltero Johanni et Philippo in praemissis intendentes sint et respondentes in forma praedicta In cujus c. Teste â—t supra We may perceive by this Commission how intollerably the poor Jews were taxed and fleeced by the Kings Tax-masters every year and what rigorous penalties and assessments were extorted from them yet neither these heavy uncessant annual Tallages nor the banishment of their Usury by the forementioned Statute would expel or force them hence before a direct Edict of Parliament and Proclamation for their exile by a set day under pain of hanging some years after this enjoyned banishment and abjuration to such as refused to pay this Tallage ferretted them all ouâ— of England In the 7th year of King Edward the first I find this memorable Writ Proclamation and Edict of his to his Justices for the inhibiting and punishing the Blasphemies of the Jews then frequent against Christ crucified and the faith of Christ Jesus with loss of Life and Member with other strict Orders for preventing their Apostacyes and propagation of their Jewish Rites and all communion betwixt them and Christians worthy our special observation Rex dilectis 〈◊〉 fidelibus suis Stephano de Pentecester VValtero de Helynn Johanni de Cobham Iusticiariis suis ad Placita Transgressionum Monetae audienda et terminanda assignatis et dilecto Clerico suo Philippo de VVylegheby salutem Quia datum est Nobis intelligi Quod quidam Judaei Regni nostri fidem Catholicam et Sacra Ecclesiastica hactenus diversimode Blasphemare non formidarunt nec adhuc formidant in Divini nominis contumeliam et totius Christianae profefsionis opprobrium Nos hujusmodi Blasphemias sicut Principem Catholicum decet reprimi cupientes Volumus Quod nullus Iudaeus taliter de caetero blasphemare praesumat videlicet aliquod erronenm detestabile aut abhominabile dicendo vel faciendo in Blasphemia Crucifixi fidei Catholicae seu beatissimae matris Mariae Virginis seu Ecclesiasticorum Sacramentorum Volumus etiam quod hoc per omnia loca Regni nostri in quibus Iudaei morantur publice proclamatur et ne aliquis Iudaeus sub periculo Vitae et Membrorum talia facere vel dicere praesumat Et si quis notorius Blasphemat or inveniatur ita quod per Inquisitionem per Sacramentum Christianorum bonorum et graviorum inde convinci possit evidenter Volumus quod quilibet talis puniretur secundum quod in hujusmodi casibus alias fieri consuevit Idem fiat de ipsis
ut supra Rex dilect et fidel suis Stephano de Pentecester Walt. de Helynn Ioh. de Cobham Justiciar ad placita Monetae audiend et terminand assignatis salutem Quia Omnes Judaei nuper rectati et per certam suspicionem indictati de retonsura Monetae nostrae et inde convicti cum ultimo supplicio puniuntur et quidam eorum eadem occasione omnia bona et catalla sua forisfecerunt et in prisona nostra liberantur in eadem ad voluntatem nostram detinendi Volumus quod omnes illi Judaei qui bona et catalla sua forisfecerunt ut praedict est et qui in prisona nostra ea occasione detinentur et qui pro deliberatione corporum suorum finem facere voluerint vobiscum ad opus nostrum hujusmodi finem juxta vestram discretionem facere possint Et quod mulieres Judeae quae fuerunt uxores Judaeorum dampnatorum et etiam uxores Judaeorum quorum bona et catal forisfact sunt et quae habent unde redimi possunt similit fin facere possunt vobisc ad opus nostr juxta discretionem vestram et juxta quantit bonorum quae viri â—ui habuerunt et quae nondum inventa et per eosdem Judaeos occulte deponantur et sic per hujusmodi finem a prisona qua occasione praedict detinentur deliberari Ita quod Judeae pauperes quae fuerunt uxores hujusmodi dampnat Judeorum et similiter uxores Judaeorum quae bona et catalla sua forisfecerunt et quae non habent unde redimi possunt per vos absque redemptione deliberentur a Prisona Volumus insuper et mandamus quod citra festum sancti Ioh. Baptistae de terris et tenementis Judaeorum hujusmodi quae sunt escaeta nostra diligenter inquiratis in quibuscunque locis existent et pro quanto vendi possint et quis plus dare velit pro eisdem et nobis precium inde citius persolvere Ita quod inde infra Terminum praedict ad plenam nos cerciorare possitis Et ideo vobis mandamus quod fines hujusmodi a dictis Judaeis tam Masculis quam femellis et omnia praemissa faciatis in forma praedicta Test Rege ut supra Consimiles literae diriguntur Iohan. Beks et sociis suis Justiciariis ut supra T. R. ut supra Consimiles literae diriguntur Barthol de Suleye et sociis suis Justiciar ut supra T. R. ut supra Besides these Patents to the Justices the King then issued forth special Patents and Commissions to divers others to sell the Houses and Tenements of the coudemned and hanged Jews for his best advantage in this form Rex omnibus c. salutem Sciatis quod dedimus potestatem dilectis et fidel nostris Thomae de Sodyngton Hugoni de Lendale et Majori Eborum ad domos nostras quae sunt escaeta nostra in civitate Eborum et extra per feloniam quorundam Judaeorum ibid. et alibi nuper suspensorum et tenementa quorundam aliorum Judaeorum qui se in patriam ponere renuerunt vendendi et homines inde feoffandi prout ad opus nostrum magis viderint expedire Dedimus etiam potestatem dilecto et fideli nostro Hamoni Hauteyn praedict Hugoni et Thomae fil Roberti ad hujusmodi domos in Civitate Lincoln et extra vendendi in forma praedicta Dedimus etiam potestatem eisdem Hamori Hugoni Gilberto de Cestreton ad hujusmodi domos in Villa Stanford et extra vendendi in forma praedicta Dedimus etiam potestatem eisdem Hamoni Hugoni Vicecomiti Warw. ad hujusmodi domos in Villa Warw. et extra vendendi in forma praedicta Ratum habituri et firmum quicquid praedicti fideles nostri vel duo eorum in singulis Comitatibus Villis praedictis nomine nostro duxerint faciendum Nos enim factum eorum in hac parte per Literas nostras Patentes ratificabimus In cujus c. T. Rege apud Westm 17 die Novemb. The like Letters Patents and Commission were then issued forth to others to sell the condemned and executed Jews houses lands rents in other places Rex dilecto fideli suo Willielmo de Braybeof salutem Sciatis quod dedimus vobis potestatem vendendi omnes terras et redditus Judaeorum dampnatorum pro transgressionibus sibi impositis in locis in quibus vos ad inquirendum de hujusmodi Transgressionibus assignati estis prout vobis injunximus viva voce et prout ad opus nostrum magis videbitur vobis expedire Et ideo vobis mandamus quod hujusmodi domos terras et redditus Judaeorum sic dampnatorum vendatis in forma praedicta Ita quod de Exitibus venditionis illius Nobis respondere possetis ad mandatum nostrum In cujus c. T. Rege apud Brehul 1 die Aug. When the Jews had all made fines and ransoms for their Trespasses with the Kings Justices and Commissioners as aforesaid then he sent forth a proclamation that they might freely exercise their lawfull Trades Merchandizes with Christians and one another as formerly and buy victuals with other necessaries and have such communion with Christians as they were wont prohibiting any to lay violent hands upon or molest them as this Record with others of the like nature to other Sheriffs attests Mandatum est Vicecomiti Eborum quod in pleno Comitatu Eborum et in Civitate praedicta publice proclamari faciat Quod Judaei ibidem de rebus et mercandisis licitis cum omnibus tam Christianis quam Judaeis libere negociari possint et victualia alia necessaria ab omnibus emere et inter Christianos conversari prout premissa facere consueverunt temporibus retroactis Firtuiter etiam inhiberi fâ—cias ne qui in eos manus violentas injiciant vel alias eis malefaciant contra pacem Regis King â—â—wâ—rd the 1. in the 8. year of his reign issued forth these Letters paâ—ents following for the sale of all the condemned Jews houses Lands and Tenements in London and 14 other several Counties named in them in all which they had Lands Tenements and Possessions 〈…〉 small value 〈…〉 ad quos c. salutem Sciatis quod dediâ—â—us potestaâ—em pro vobis haeredibus nostris dilecto 〈◊〉 nostro Waltero de 〈◊〉 vendendi nomine nostro 〈◊〉 domos terras tenementa cum pertinentiis quae fuerunt quo umcunque Iudaeorum quae ad manum nostram tanquam Escaeta nostra per foâ—isfactur am eorundem occasione transgressionum monetam nostram tangentiuÌ„ devenerunt videlicet in Civitate London Comitatibus Middle Sussex Surr. Kanc ' Essex Hertf. Norf. Suff. Cantuar. Hunt Bucks Bedf. Oxon. Berks. Ita quod ipsi qui ea emerint à praefato Waltero ea habeant et teneant sibi et haeredibus suis in perpetuum In cujus c. T. Rege apud Windsore 28 die
Novombris As the King sold the Houses of these condemned Jews so he likewise took into his hands the Debts of the other Jews to satisfie their Debts due unto him for their Taxes which he levied to his own use and then allowed them for their arrears Rex Thesaurar Baronibus suis de Scaccario salutem Sciatis quod cum nuper capi fecerimus in manum nostram quoddam debitum quinquaginta marcarum in quo Robertus de Percy per Cartam suam in Archa Cyrographar apud Ebor existenti tenebatur Bonamy de Ebor Iudaeo Et quod levari precipimus ad opus nosâ—rum Concessimus eidem Iudeo quod si praedict debitum ad opus nostrum levatum fuerit vel in manum nostram captum sicut praedict est Idem Iudaeus pro dicto debito 50 marcarum in recompensationem habeat de 40 marcis in veteribus arreragiis tallagiis aliis debitis quae nobis debet ad Scaccarum praedictum Et ideo vobis mandamus quod si ita est tunc eidem Iudaeo in hujusmodi veteribus arreragiis tallagiis aliis debitis quae nobis debet ad idem Scaccarium allocationem de praedicâ—is 40 marcis habere faciatis in recompensatione praedicti debiti 50 maâ—carum sicut praedictum est T. R. aâ—ud VVestm 13 die Novemb. By which the King got x. marks clear from this Jew over and above his pretended debt and arrear for which this debt was seized and levied King Edward in the 8. year of his reign at the supplication of the Friers predicanâ—s in England who desired to preach unto the obstinate Jews thereby to convert them to the Christian Faith and turn them from their antient errors blindness and unbelief procured this notable ensuing Writ and Patent to all his â—heriffs Bayliffs and other Leige people commanding them to induce the Jews in all places to resort unto and hear their preaching without blasphemy or disturbance at such times and places as these Friers Predicants should direct c. Rex Vicecomitibus et omnibus Ballivis fidelibus suis salutem Cum dâ—lecti nobis in Christo Fratres de Ordine Praedicatorum in Anglia Judaeis quorum montes vetustas erroris et perfidiae obnubulat et obcaecat praedicaâ—e proponunt verbum Dei quo facilius interveniente gratia Spiritus sancti ad fidei Catholicae converti valeant unitateÌ„ ob hoc dilectus nobis in Christo Prior Provincialis ejusdem Ordine nobis supplicaverit ut vobis demus in mandatis Quod omnes Iudaeos ubicunque locorum in Ballivis vestris conversantes efficaciter moneatis et inducatis quod in locis ubi vobis de Consilio Fratrnm ipsorum magis expedire videbitur ad audiendum verbum Dei conveniant et illus ad eisdem Fratribus absq tumultu contentione vel blasphemia audiant diligenter benigne Et si forte Altissimus velamen duritiae a cordibus eorum auferens aliquibus vel alicui ipsorum Iudaeorum gratiam dederit convertendi quod caeteri Iudaei eis super hoc non impediant nec per alios impediri procurent Nos praediâ—â—um Propositâ—m ipsorum â—ratrum attendentes pium et salubre et precibus predicti Prioris favorabiliter annuentes in hac parte vobis mandamus Quod omnes Iudaeos in Ballivis vestris conversantes ad praemissa facienda efficaciter moneatis et eos ad hoc modis quibus melius sciveritis inducatis prout unicuique vestrum inspiraverit Spiritus veritatis In cujus c. quamdiu Regi placuerat duratur Teste Rege apud Winton 2 die Jan. What good effects this zealous pious project of the Friers preachers and Patents of the King in pursuit thereof produced in converting any considerable number of the Jews to the Catholick faith I find not mentioned in Histories or Record but their universal banishment hence 8. years after principally for their infidelity sufficiently manifests that all the endeavours then used for their conversion by drawing them to these Preachers Sermons and the provisions made by the King for the Converts support hereafter specified were very successlesse Wherefore those Zealots and Enthusiasts who so earnestly plead and write for their readmission amongst us now upon the future probability of their Conversion by their powerfull preaching to and exemplary conversation amongst them are like to find no better successe than these preaching Friers then did and other eminenter Divines than themselves of late years and now do find in foraign parts where the Jews reside where they may do well now to try what good they can do by preaching and conversing with them abroad before they practise upon them at home as these Predicants Friers formerly did without any such successe as they expected King Edward the 1 to promote the Jews conversion and for their better maintenance corroboration when converted to Christianity did this very year by two several Patents grant That whereas all the estates and goos of the Jews converted to Christianity did of right and custome become forfeited to the Crown that from thencforth the Jews should injoy the moity of them for their own sustenance that the other moity of them should accrew to the house of the Converts for the better sustentation of the Converts there And further granted the moity of all the forfeited estates of the Jews that should any ways accrue unto him and all Deodands to be distributed in almes amongst the Converts and imployed towards the maintenance and repair of the Society and house of the Converts now the Rolls erected by his father as these two Patents of his this year most fully relate Rex Thesaurario et Baronibus suis de Scaccario salutem Quia ad augmentum fidei et cultus nominis christiani conversionem Judaicae pravitatis ad fidem Catholicam potissime credimus operari Nos ut illi qui jam a caecitate hujusmodi ad lucem Ecclesiae sunt conversi in ipsa fidei firmitate roborarentur et alii qui adhuc in errore illo persistunt libentius et promptius ad gratiam fidei de caetero convertant disposuimus auctore Domino de ipsorum sustentatione salubriter providere Licet igitur omnia bona et catalla Judaeorum quae convertuntur ad fidem ad nos plenarie de jure et consuetudine pertinent volentes tamen eis postquam filii et fideles Ecclesiae sunt effecti Dei intuitu gratiam facere specialem medietatem valoris omnium bonorum suorum ubicunque in regno nostro ad sustentationem suam concedimus de dono nostro aliam autem medietatem bonor hujusm bona etiam et Catal. Judaeor ex nunc quacunque occasione dampnandorum una cum bonis et catallis quorumcunque Judaeorum quae ex quacunque ratione Nobis forisfieri contigerit nec non et Elemosinam nostram quae Deodanda vocatur post tempus concessionis nostrae Fratribus predicatoribus de Elemosina illa
facta una cum Chevagio Judaeorum nostrorum Angliae quae omnia colligi et deferri volumus ad Scaccarium nostrum ad sustentationem Conversorum et convertendorum qui honestae conversationis extiterint usque ad septennium completum duximus deputanda eisdem per vos et custodem Principalem domus praedictae plenarie assignanda Et quia cura domus praedictae aliquo viro discreto qui continue resideat et negociis dictae domus personaliter intendat indigere dignoscitur volumus quod ad curam hujusmodi aliquis Presbyter idoneus et discretus dicti custodis arbitrio deputetur qui capellae nostrae ibidem cum uno socio Presbytero honesto converso seu alio et Clerico seu Clericis fibi necessariis personaliter deserviat ibidem continue residendo qui redditus praedictae domus collegat bona etiam et catalla una cum commemoratis elemosina et chevagio ad dictum Scaccarium recipiat et hujusmodi conversis et convertendis prociones suas distribuat et gerat negotia dictae Domus in omnibus tam infra quam extra de consilio custodis praedict Illi autem conversi qui habiles fuerint ad artificia seu Ministeria secularia addiscenda volumus quod ad ea decaetero deputentur per custodem praedictum et de portionibus suis eisdem ut dictum est assignatis sustententur donec de Artificiis et Ministeriis suis valeant competenter sustentari et extunc praedictae portiones subtrahantur et ad fabricam et reparationem Capellae nostrae praedictae vel ad sustentationem aliorum conversorum arbitrio custodis Principalis praedicti assignentur Proviso etiam quod bona praedicta quae ultra portiones ad sustentationem conversorum praedictorum assignatas superesse contigerit ad fabricam praedict Capel et usus ejusdem necessarios convertantur Dictus autem Presbyter rationabilem sustentationem suam et Concapellani sui ac Clerici seu Clericorum suorum de bonis et Catallis praedictis percipiet annuatim Volumus autem quod â—i in domo praedicta capellanus conversus Idoneus et honestus extiterit qui capellae nostrae ibidem deserviat illum retineat in socium quibuscunque extraneis praefarend Praefatus etiam Presbyter onera capellae praedictae tam ordinaria quam extraordinaria sumptibus dictae domus totaliter sustinebit et de receptis et impensis suis compot um reddat de anno in annum cum vobis ad Scaccar praedictum prout rationabiliter fuerit faciendum Et ideo vobis mandamus quod medietatem bonorum illorum Judaeorum qui ad fidem amodo se convertent bona etiam et catalla Judaeorum quorumcunque ex nunc quacunque occasione dampnandorum una cum Chevagio Judaeorum Angliae et elemosina nostra praedicta quae Deodanda vocatur statim cum accederint plenarie ac diligenter colligi et levari faciatis Et custodi principali praedicto seu Presbytero liberari faciatis conversis et convertendis praedictis distribuend in forma predicta compotum praedicti Presbyteri de anno in annum inde audiatis prout superius est expressum In cujus c. Teste Rege apud Westm 26 die Maii. The King soon after these Letters Patents to the Treasurer and Barons of his Exchequer constituted John de Saint Denys Archdeacon of Rochester Custos or Gardian of this house of the Converts and thereupon directed these Letters Patents to him agreeing in substance with those to the Treasurer and Barons which I shall insert at large as most fully setting forth his Office of any Record I have seen Rex dilecto Clerico suo Johan de sancto Dionisio Archidiacono Roffens Custodi Domus conversorum London salutem Quia ad aeugmentum fidei et cultus Nominis Christiani conversâ—onem Judaicae pravitatis ad fidem Catholicam potissime credimus operari Nos ut illi qui a caecitate hujusmodi ad lucem Ecclesiae sunt conversi in ipsa fidei firmitate roborentur et alii qui adhuc in errore illo persistunt libentius et promptius ad gratiam fidei decaetero se convertant disposuimus auctore domino de ipsorum sustentatione salubriter providere Licet itaque omnia bona catallae Judaeorum qui conventuntur ad fidem ad Nos plenarie de jure consuetudine pertinent Volentes tamen eis postquam filii fideles Ecclesiae sunt effecti Dei intuitu gratiaem facere specialem mediâ—tatem valoris omnium bonorum suorum ubicunque in Regno nostro eisdem ad sustentationem suam dono nostro concedimus aliam autem medietatem bonorum hujusmodi bona etiam et catalla Judaeorum ex nunc quacunque occasione dampnandorum una cum bonis et catallis quorumcunque Judaeorum quae ex quacunque ratione nobis forisfieri contigerit nec non et Elemo sinam nostram quae Deodanda vocatur post tempus concessionis nostrae Fratribus predicatoribus de elemosina illa facta una cum Chevagio Judaeorum nostrorum Angliae quae omnia colligi et deferri volumus ad scaccarium nostrun ad sustentationem conversorum et convertendorum qui honestae conversationis extiterint usque ad septennium completum duximus deputanda eisdem per Thesaurarium et Barones de Scaccario nostro per vos proportionabiliter assignanda Et ut circa Domus conversorum nostrorum Lond. quo ad praemissa propensius et cum majori solicitudine pertractetur Volumus quod provideatis de aliquo idoneo Presbytero de cujus industria et discretione merito confidend sit qui in domo ipsa certinue resideat et capellae nostrae ibidem cum uno socio capellano honesto et uno vel duobus Clericis personaliter deserviat redditus ad dictam domum pertinentes colligat et bona et catalla supradicta ad praedict Scaccarium nostrum recipiat ac portiones conversis et convertendis assignatas distribuat et ad alia negâ—cia dictae domus fideliter procuranda quotiens vos abesse vel ad hoc personaliter vacari non possetis de consilio vel ordinatione vestra diligenter intendat qui etiam rationabilem sustentatationem suam pro se et socio suo ac Clerico vel Clericis memoratis ad servicium capellae necessariis de redditibus et bonis praedictis recipiat et de omnibus receptis et misis suis compotum suum reddat coram Thesaurario et Baronibus de Scaccario de anno in annum secundum quod literis inde dictis Thesaur et Baronibus directis plenius continetur Et si in domo praedicta capellanus conversus idoneus et honestus extiterit volumus quod Presbiter seu Procurator praedictus ipsum prae caeteris in socium retineat ad administrandum unae secum in capella praedicta Si qui autem de conversis et convertendis habiles fuerint ad doctrinam volumus quod Scolas exerceant
Laici etiam quos ad artificia seu Ministeria secularia addiscenda aptos esse noveritis adeo decaetero deputentur ut habeant singuli eorum sustentationes suas de portionibus eisdem de bonis praedictis rationabiliter assignandis Quod si praedicti Scolares clerici aliquod beneficium Ecclesiasticum adipiscivaleant de quo sustentationem suam rationabilem habere possint subtrahantur eis ex tunc portiones praedictae eas aliis conversis seu convertendis indigentibus facias assignari Et hoc idem fiat de Laicis supradictis quam cito se possint de artificiis seu ministeriis suis sustentationem competentem habere Proviso inter caetera quod de redditibus bonis praedictis quae ultra sustentationem conversorum capellanorum et Ministrorum Ecclesiae superesse contigerit ad fabricam ornatum Capellae predictae divini cultus augmentum faciatis ibidem Provide deputari Et si quae in domo praedicta in personis aut rebus corrigenda seu reformanda videritis ea corrigi reformari cum omni diligentia facias prout indempnitati et honestati dictae domus magis videbitis expedire In cujus c. T. Reg. apud Westm 3 die Junii Yet all this care and diligence both of the King and Preaching Friers forementioned made very few Jewish Converts in that age and those only of the pâ—â—rer sort rather to get a livelyhood to sustein them in this house than out of any real affection to Christ or Christianity In the Plea Rolls of the Kings Exchequer for the Jews in the 9 year of his reign I find this Gardian of the House of the Converts suing forth this ensuing Writ for the moity of the goods and chattels of one Belager an Oxford Jew converted to the Chrisâ—ian faith by vertue of the forementioned Patent whereupon they were delivered unto him for the use of the House as the Record it self will more largely expresse Placita apud Scaccarium Judaeorum Termino Pasche Anno Regis Bdwardi novo part 7. Johannes de sancto Dionisio Custos Domus conversorum tulit Breve Regis de magno sigillo in haec verba Edwardus c. Justiciariis ad custodiam Judaeorum c. assignatis salutem Ex parte conversorum domus nostrae London nobis est ostensum quod cum medietas bonorum catallorum Judâ—orum conversorum sen convertendorum ad fidem Catholicam ad conversos Domus nostrae praedict ratione concessionis nostrae eis inde factae pertineat alia medietate illis qui sic a tempore concessionis nostrae praedict convertunt reservata ac Belager Judeus Oxon. nuper ad fidem Catholicam se converterit c. Thereupon the King commanded that according to his former Charters the one moiety of the goods should be delivered to the convert for his â—ustentation and the other moity to the House of the converts T. Rege apud Woodstock 25 die Aprilis An. Regni nostri nono Per hoc Breve liberantur eidem Johanni bona catalla subscripta videlizet de bonis catallis praedicti conversorum viz. vnus liber Prest Constit precii 12 d. unus Grecismus precii 6 d. una Legenda precii 10 d. unum Doctrinale magnum precii 1 d. quidam liber Constitutionum precii 4 s. quidam codex precii 16 s. quoddam insciatum precii 16 s. e. In the Plea Rolls of this Term and year Pasche 9 E. 1. rot 4 5 6 7 8 9 10. there are very many actions brought by Jews against Christians and Christians against Jews and one Jew against another and many STARS as well of Grant and Release as Obligatory and by way of Morgage pleaded and recited at large and issues joyned upon them whether they were their Stars or Deeds or not when denied by them to bee their Deeds which issues were tried by a Jury of 6. Legal Christians and 6 Jews Their Starrum and Starra as they are there stiled began in this form Solomon Judaeus de Stanford cognovit per Starrum suum c. that he was obliged to such a one in such a summe or that he had assigned and granted such a Debt Starre or Morgage to such a one or that he had released such a Debt Star or Morgage And in their Stars of Release they added this clause Et si inveniatur Carta salis vel obligatio in Archa Cirografforum vel extra nomine praedicti Solomonis c. quod quieta sit et nil valeat quod recognoscit hoc idem sigillo suo When issue was joyned upon Non est factum concerning any of their Stars or Deeds the entry upon the trial by 6 sworn legal Christians and Jews in those Rolls was usually in this form Et Inquisitio inde venit à die Pasche in tres Septim nunc per Thomam Clinch Johannem Hubbard Abraham Sampson c. et alios probos et legales homines Iudaeos expressing all their names Qui dicunt super Sacramentum suum quod praedictum STAR est factum praedicti Solomonis et litera Ebraica manu sua propria signatum quod dictum STARRUM fecit tempore quo habuit liberam administrationem benorum suorum c. I shall transcribe only one of these Records as a Pattern of most of the rest whereby the form of the Legal Process and Proceedings before the Justices assigned for their Custody will be more fully manifested to the Readers together with the forme of their Stars of Release Cum Alicia quae fuit Uxor Clementis de Poringland districta fuisset pro xl s. ad opus Regis de Debito Gente quae fuit uxor Ayey fil Deulegin Eadem Alicia venit et clamat habere quietantiam de dicto debito per quoddam STARRUM coram c. in haec verba Isaac filius Jurn et Muriel Leveske Judaei testantur quod Gente de Glocest concedit quod Alicia quae fuit uxor Clementis de Poringland et haeredes sni quieti sint de ipsa et haeredibus suis de omnibus Demandis Calumniis Placitis a creatione seculi usque ad Pentecosten Anno Edwardi 4to Et si aliquis Judaeus homo vel foemina quid exigat vel calumniatur versus praedictam Aliciam occasione alicujus Debiti quod eidem Gente debebat a principio seculi usque ad praedict festum Pentecost supradict Gente eam est acquietare defendere warrantizare Et praedicti Judaei testantur quod eadem Gente spontanea voluntate hoc recognovit et quod istud STARR est factum praedictae Gente factum quo tempore habuit liberam administrationem bonorum suorum et petit quod inquiratur Ideo praeceptum est Vicecomiti quod venire faciat coram Justiciariis sex probos et legales homines Christianos et sex legales Iudaeos de Civitate Norwic. ad dies c. Et quia constat per praedictam
obedient to him as their Governor His Patent bearing date the 13 of Octob. This same year the Jews still persevering in their Trade of clipping and counterfeiting the Kings coin thereupon there issued out several Letters Patents and commissions to diverse Justices to make inquiry thereof and of all concealed goods and chattels of all the Jews forfeited to the King as this following commission of Association to pretermit all others will resolve us Rex dilecto â—sideli suo Hugoni de Cressingham salutem Qnia dilectus et fidelis noster Henricus le Waleys quem nuper cum dilectis et fidelibus nostris Solomone de Roff. Magistro Henrico de Bray assignavimus ad quasdem Inquisitiones faciendas de omnibus bonis catallis quorumcunque Judaeorum dampnatorum Nobis concelatis forisfactis etiam de Mercatoribus Judaeis invicem vendentibus ementibus seu cambientibus plateas argenteas falsas plateas de stagno alio metallo conflatas et exterius deargentatas de aliis circumstantiis negotium illud qualitercunque contingentibus prout in literis nostris Patentibus quos eisdem Solomoni Henrico Henrico inde fieri fecimus plenius continetur nobiscum in partibus transmarinis pro quibusdam negotiis nostris specialibus quibus ibidem intendit moram facit per quod idem Henricus le Waleys ad praemissa una cum prefatis Solomone Magistro Hen. facienda non potest intendere ad praesens vos loco ipsius H. le Waleyes ad praemissa una cum prefatis Magist Henrico ad praedictas Inquisitiones faciendas juxta tenorem literarum nostrarum patentium praedictarum Et ideo vobis mandamusquod ad praemissa facienda una cum praedictis Solomone Magistro Henrico intendatis in forma praedicta Mandamus enim eisdem Solomoni Magistro Henrico quod vos ad hoc in socium admittant sicut praedictum est In cujus rei c. Teste Ed. Comite Cornubii Consil Regis apud Westm. 26 die Jan. This year I find a strange case A Jew and his wife complained to the King that some had maliciously defamed the Wife in reporting that she had turned Christiand was baptized to their great prejudice and grievance when as it was a malitious scandal Whereupon they procured this Writ from the King to the Justices of the Jews to inquire the truth thereof by an Inquisition of Christians and Jews and to do them right if slandered Rex Justic suis ad custodiam Judaeorum assignatis salutem Monstraverint nobis Mosseus de Hornden Suetecota uxor ejus Judaei Lond. quod cum ipsa Suetecota christiana non sit ne aliquo tempore fuâ—rat baptizata quidam Emuli eorum maliciose confingentes ipsam Suetecotam baptizatam fuisse inter duo bella de Lewes Evesham eam super hocdefamarunt in ipsorum Mossei Suetecotae dampnum non modicum gravamen Et ideo vobis mandamus quod inquisita inde plenius veritate per Christianos Judaeos sicut mos est Si inveneritis praedicta Suetecota non fuit baptizata sicut sibi imponitur tunc eisdem Mosseo Suetecotae juxta officii vestri debitum pacem habere inde faciatis T Com. If the Jews deem it so great a scandal and grievance to them for others to reporr them to have been Christians and baptized there is little hopes of their real general conversion to Christianity now The Jews were such absolute slaves and villains to our Kings that they sometimes granted them with all their goods and chattels to others by their Charters as they did their other villanies as this memorable Record of 17 E. 1. will inform us Rex dilecto fideli suo Rado de Berners Constabul Tur. London salutem Cum Dom. H. Rex pater noster per Cartam suam dedâ—rit concesserit Edmundo fratri nostro carissimo Aaron fil Vynes Judeo London una cum omnibus bonis et catallis suis er omnibus quae ad ipsum patrem nostrum ratione ipsius Judaei quocunque modo possint pertinere et nos postmodum eandem donationem et concessionem continuari volentes ipsam prefato fratri nostro confirmavimus per nostras literas Patentes ac idem Frater noster manuceperit habere coram nobis eâ—ndem Aaron ad voluntatem nostram adstandum recte super omnibus quae ipsum Aaron contingunt quandocunque nos vel alii versus ipsum in aliquo loqui voluerimus per quod eidem fratri nostro per manucaptionem suam praedictam concessimus quod omnia negotia ipsum Aaron contingentia et quae examen judiciale requirunt coram nobis et eodem fratre nostro audiantur et prout justum fuerit terminentur Vobis mandamus quod de bonis et catallis ipsius Aaron aut aliquibus ipsum tangentibus vos in nullo intromittatis contra donationem concessionem et confirmationem supradictas nisi ex voluntate fratris nostri praedicti T. Edmund apud Westm. 24 die Maii. Eodem modo mandatum est Iohanni de Breton custodi civitatis London T. ut supra In the 18 year of King Edward the 1. I find this grant of his on the 12 day of Iune of all his Deodands to the House of the Converts for the better maintenance and support of the Convert Chapel and edifices thereof during his pleasure only Rex Iusticiariis omnibus aliis Ballivis et fidelus suis c. salutem Cum nos dudum concessimus Conversis Domus nostrae London ad sustentationem ipsorum Deodanda quae nobis accidere coram quibuscunque Iusticiariis nostris adjudicari contingent ad certum terminum jam transactum Nos concessionem illam intuitu Dei pradictis conversis convertendis coutinuare volentes concessimus eisdem conversis et convertendis ad sustentationem ipsorum et fabricam Capellae suae et aedificiorum suorum perficiendam omnia Deodanda quae Nobis ubicunque in Regâ—o nostro Angliae accidere et coram quibuscunque Iusticiariis seu Ministris nostris adjudicari contingent Habenda percipienda quamdiu Nobis placuerit T. Rege apud Westm 12 die Iunii On the 17 day of the same month and year I find this special grant made by the King to Auntlera a Jewesse to sell the inheritance of a Garden in London to any Jew and his heirs and for them to purchase it of her without being questioned or molested for it by any of his Officers which without such license she could not sell nor he purchase of her without seisure or forfeiture Rex omnibus c. Sciatis quod de gratia nostra speciali Licentiam dedimus Auntlerae quae fuit uxor Vynes fil Magistri Mossei Judaei London quod quoddam Gardinum suum quod habet in Civitate nostra London in parochia sancti Laurentii in Cattestreet vendere possit cuicunque Judaeo Gardinum illud emere volenti
but commonly 8000. 10000. marks or pounds by the year levyed with the greatest rigour which some of the richest Jews in all places were commonly engaged to see punctually paid in at the terms appointed and when any of them opposed or neglected to pay or levy them their persons wives children families infants were all distrained imprisoned their estates Debts seised confiscated some of them sent Prisoners into Ireland and frequently menaced with perpetual banishment hence and losse of their estates their taxes being levyed by the strictest menacing warrants and all rigorous violent ways the King and his instruments could possibly invent And are not their Taxes in case they will now return again like to be more high frequent oppressive since the very English themselves after all their late contests wars consultations and prodigal expences of their blood treasures estates are now brought under heavy uncessant monthly arbitrary Taxes Excises Imposts decimations levyed with the greatest rigour and such as dare oppose them out of conscience or defence of publike liberty though in a legal way imprisoned close imprisoned ruined yea threatned with perpetual banishment even by such who pretend themselves the Patrons Protectors of the English liberties franchises Properties from such Aegyptian and Jewish Bondage and greatest Antagonists against such arbitrary exorbitant Tyranny 4. That besides these constant annual Taxes our Kings upon all occasions enforced them by way of Loans to lend what sums they demanded under pain of imprisonment confiscation of their estates seisure of all their Debts Pawns Chests And frequently seised searched released granted sold all their gold silver chests debts houses fees annuities pawns and imprisoned their persons wives children to extort and raise monies upon all extraordinary necessities 5. That when they had fleeced them to their very skins and could expect no more moneys from them then they morgaged and sold their persons estates and the revenues proceeding from them unto others to advance present moneys before hand like so many Slaves and Villains And though many of them notwithstanding all their endlesse Taxes Extortions Squeezings fleecings grew rich again in a short time through usury broccage clipping and falsifying coyn plate frauds and extortions of all kinds and their base parsimony industry frugality yet their wives children heirs friends enjoyed little or no benefit at all by it but the King and his Officers commonly fleeced them of al they gained by one device or other So that England was little better than a second Aegypt and our Kings and their griping Officers nothing else but so many new Pharoahs and Aegyptian Tax-masters to them during all their continuance here they having no assurance of lives liberties estates under them by any Charters Grants protection Engagements which they made no conscience to revoke and violate at their pleasures as some of late have done even to their own Christian Brethren in as high a degree as they did to the Jews 6. That they were so exceeding execrable and detestable to the people in all places where they resided both for their infidelity blasphemies apostacies enmity to Christ and Christianity circumcising and crucifying Christian Children clipping of coin falsifying of Charters extortion brokage usury frauds unconscionable Jewish cut-throat dealing and discrepancy of maners from the English that many places and ports opposed their coming over other Towns as Newcastle Winchelse Wycombe Newbury Berkhamsted Suthampton other places purchased exemptions or removals of them And those Towns where they resided frequently rose up in a tumultuous maner against them burning their houses beating abusing kiling their persons pillaging their goods and forcing them to fly to the Kings Castles for Sanctuary notwithstanding all the Kings Charters Proclamations Provisions of all sorts for their protection and defence against violence and committing them to the protection of the Sheriffs Maiors Chief Officers and Burgesses of the places where they resided But especially they were above measure assaulted beaten slaughtered pillaged by the Cruce-signati and Saint-like Souldiers of that age who listed crossed themselves for the Holy-Wars and by the Barons Souldiers who took up arms against their Soveraigns under pretext only of defending the Great Charters Laws Liberties of the Church and Realm of England usually stiling themselves exercitus Dei et sanctae Ecclesiae in Anglia Neither were they free from violence plunder nor the common people satisfied till their universal final banishment hence which they oft sollicited their implacable enmity against them being such that the symptoms thereof yet continue amongst us in our proverbiall speeches I hate thee as I do a Jew I would not have done so to a Jew None but a Jew would have done so and the like 7. That notwithstanding all the Injuries Oppressions Indignities cruelties they here sustained both from our Kings their Officers the generality of the people by Gods just curse and vengeance on them for their sins yea notwithstanding all means used by our Kings Magistates Bishops preaching Friers and others both for their reformation and conversion to the Christian Faith yet the generality of them continued persevered still in their willfull obstinacy infidelity blindnesse enmity malice blasphemies despite against our crucified Saviour and Christianity which they manifested upon all occasions in publike and private by circumcising and crucifying chistian children breaking the Crucifix in Oxford and trampling it under foot in the midst of the Universities soleme Procession and otherwise expressed at large in the forementioned records as likewise in their extorsions clipping and falsifying moneys Charters usuries frauds rapes murders forgeries very few of them turning Christian converts and that either to save their lives or prevent some imminent dangers to their persons families estates and those of the poorer sort for the most part to get a present livelyhood from the Christians who frequently turned Apostates or flagiâ—ious malefactors to the scandal of religion 8. That the Jews here had their Synagogues Schools Priesâ—s Presbyter and Comptroller of their Exchequer Escheator Cofferers Cyrographers Attornies Bayliffs with their proper Judges and Court of Exchequer wherein only they were to be sued proceeded against and by whom they were Iudged their Prisons Attachers Tax-Masters Record-Keepers ordered in all things according as the King by his Writs and Letters directed All which Offices were appointed by the Kings special Patents Writs whose Names Powers Jurisdictions Salaries together with their legal trials and proceedings of all sorts civil criminal the forms of their Starrs Charters Extents of Lands assignments of Debts Releases Reliefs Fines with the names of the chiefest Jews are registred and most clearly fully related in the forecited Records and in no other printed History or Law-book whatsoever 9. That the Jews were exempt from all other Temporal and Ecclesiastical Courts and Jurisdictions but the Justices specially appointed for their custody and the Kings Exchequer for the Jews yea from all publike Taxes imposed on the English and could not be excommunicated by the
defaults before them and thereof to make due punishment as is aforesaid And now Hugh Peters if I may be thy Counsellor in sober sadnesse look to thy neck which as thou hast oft indangered forfeited by thy late Fire-works to blow up Kings Kingdoms Parliaments Lords our old fundamental Lawes Liberties Government as Straffords Canterburies late Impeachments Sentences with Mr. St. Iohns and others Arguments at their Attainders will resolve thee and thy open treasonable advising abetting the seising imprisoning of my self and above 40 more Members of Parliament in Hell on the bare boards Decemb. 6. 1648. whose names thou didst then list with an iron Sword under thy arme instead of the Sword of the Spirit So this thy Iesuitical Project to burn all our old Records whereby all former Judgement Titles Fines Recoveries c. will be nulled reversed which thou publickly abettest counsellest thy Magistrate to effect in Print proclaimes thee by thine own Confession without other evidence a Notorious Felon within this Act in the highest degree The burning avoiding of all our Records in general being a more transcendent Felony yea Treason to the whole Kingdom Nation than the embezelling only of one or two private Records or Writs relating but to one private person And if ever thou be brought to a legal Trial for it before such a Iury and such Iudges as this Act prescibes thou art sure to undergoe a Halter-Martyrdome at Tyburne which all will cry up according to thy Pamphlets Title for A good work of a good Magistrate and a short cut to great quiet for thy devoting all our old Records to a fiery Martyrdom in Smithfield which I trust they shall never undergo And that upon these ensuing weighty Considerations First these old Records which he would have burnt contain in them all the antient Rights Titles Evidences Charters Agreements Leagues Compacts of the Kings Kingdom Nation and people of England to all their pristine and present Dominions Jurisdictions Prerogatives Preheminences Priviledges Hereditaments and enjoyments both at home and abroad by Land and by Sea as they are a Kingdom Nation Republike body Politick in general and that both in relation to themselves and their own intrinsecal affairs at home as they have been owned reputed negotiated treated with upon special occasions as a Kingdom Nation Republike by any forraign Kings Princes Kingdoms States whose ancient undoubted Rights Titles to all or any of our Dominions Territories Jurisdictions Royalties cannot otherwise be legally cleared judicially evidenced upon any emergent occasion or controversie between our Kingdom Nation and other Forraign States and Realms or between our selves at home but by our old Records the only publike evidences of the whole Kingdom and English Nation as necessary to defend maintain justifie their common publick Rights Dominions Possessions Jurisdictions Claims priviledges upon all occasions as any private Noble or Gentlemans ancient Charters Records Writings are to defend manifest his right and Title to his private Inheritance and Injoyments witnesse the famous Letter of the King Parliament and Nobles of England written and sent to the Pope Anno 1302. to clear the subordination of Scotland to the Crown of England and the Homage of the Kings of Scotland made for their kingdom to the Kings of England as their superiour Lords from time to time manifested by the ancient Histories and Records of England beyond all contradiction Mr. Selden his Mare Clausum proving the Dominion and Jurisdiction of the Kings of England over the Narrow Seas by Records and Sir Robert Cottons Posthuma Therefore it must necessarily be as bad and mad a worke for a bad and mad Magistrate to burn all the publick Evidences and Records of the whole Kingdom and Nation upon the frantick motion of a Bedlam in this particular as for a Great landed Nobleman to burne all the old Charters Evidences of his Lands and Honors or for a rich Usurer to burn all his Bonds and Morgages which all wise men will repute an act of Frenzy and Hugh Peters too in his right senses 2. They contein in them all the great publike Charters Contracts Agreements Leagues formerly granted or made by the Kings of England to or with the Prelates Earles Barons Freemen Commons of England Ireland Scotland Wales Gernsey Iersy Man and all other Isles and Dominions belonging to the Crown of England in general all Charters Patents Grants Contracts Writs Releases Gifts Pardons Offices Honors Liberties Franchises Customs Priviledges Faires Markets Inheritances Rents Revenues Licences compositions formerly granted by our Kings to the respective Counties Cities Towns Burroughs Villages Hundreds Arch-bishops Bishops Deans Chapters Prebends Abbies Priories Nunneries Colledges Hospitals Free-schools Universities great Officers Chancellors Generals Admirals Marshals Justices Nobles Gentlemen Citizens Merchants Societies Fraternities most private persons both in England Ireland Wales Scotland all the British Isles and other Territories anciently belonging to England All whose particular patents grants evidences though under seal if alleged to be false forged sophisticated must be tryed only by their exemplifications or inrollments on record They likewise comprise all the Judgements Fines Common Recoveries Verdicts Trials Suits Statute Merchants and Staple Recognizances Inrolments yea in any of the private Conveyances Contracts between our Kings and private subjects and one subject another What a universal confusion subversion then disinherison destruction of all Rights Titles Interests Inheritances Priviledges the burning of all our old Records would immediatly bring upon all and every County City Corporation Nobleman Gentleman Inheriter Freeholder of the Realm of England and all the subordinate Dominions thereto annexed let this Short Cutter himself and all Wise men determine who hold or claim any thing by matter of Record their best and surest evidence 3ly All the good old Laws Statutes for the Governmeâ—t Peace safety defence and wellfare of the Nation are originally conteined in our Records by which they must be tryed examined Yea all the perambulations and deafforestations of our forrests All the Limits Bounds Extents Contents Jurisdictions Customs Priviledges Tenures Rents Services of all Counties Cities Burroughs Ports Honors Mannors Parishes Courts of Justice Offices Officers Civil Military Ecclesiastical Marine all the Pedegree Discents Successions by which all Heirs Successors hold or claim their inheritances are for the most part defined ascertained evidenced proved in and by our Records alone wherein they are enrolled And if they should all be burnt together what ataxies confusions contentions oppressions suits quarrels frauds Disinherisons would thereupon immediatly ensue all wisemen may prognosticke The mighty Nymrods and Grandees of the times wil then soon question al mens Titles devour their lesse potent neighbours estates inheritances adjoyning near to theirs all potent Landlords will exact what services rents customs heriots releifes they please from their poor tenants all superiour inferiour Courts Officers Corporations claim exercise what extravagant Jurisdictions powers they think meet and all legal means of defending mens rights liberties inheritances against