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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A65093	The works of the famous antiquary, Polidore Virgil containing the original of all arts, sciences, mysteries, orders, rites, and ceremonies, both ecclesiastical and civil : a work useful for all divines, historians, lawyers, and all artificers / compendiously English't by John [i.e. Thomas] Langley.; De rerum inventoribus. English	Vergil, Polydore, 1470?-1555.; Langley, Thomas, d. 1581.	1663 (1663)	Wing V596; ESTC R28374	121,672	340

use of Dancing as Livy saith came from the Hetruscans to Rom● which we exercise much on Holidayes as they did not without slander of our Religion and hurt and damage of chastity As for Masks they be so devillish that no honesty can be pretended to colour them Zacharias Bishop of Rome made a decree against it but that availeth nothing At the Kalends of May the Youth as well men as women are wont to go a Maying in the fields and bring home boughs and flowers to garnish their houses and gates and in some places the Churches which fashion is derived of the Romans that use the same to honour their Goddess Flora with such Ceremonies whom they named Goddess of fruits The Christmas Lords rhat be commonly made at the Nativity of the Lord to whom all the houshold and family with the Master himself must be obedient began of the equality that the servants had with their Masters in Saturnus Feasts that were called Saturnalia wherein the Servants have like Authority with their Masters during the time of the said feasts And this furnishing of our bellies with delicates that we use on Fastingham Tuesday what time some eat till they be enforced to forbear all again sprung of Baccbus feasts that were celebrated in Rome with great joy and delicious fare And our Midsummer bone-fires may seem to have come of the Sacrifices of Cer●s Goddess of Corn that men did solemnise with fires trusting thereby to have more plenty and abundance of Corn. Disguising and Mumming that is used in Christmas time in the North parts came out of the Feast of Pallas that were done with Vizors and painted Visages named Quinquatria of the Romans CHAP. III. The manner of anointing Priests Kings them that be Christned confirmed of sore sick WHen Moses had builded the Tabernacle he was commanded to make a confection of holy Ointment wherewith both the Work the Vessels Priests and also Kings which be called to that office or dignity ought to be anointed so that it came to passe that the anointing was the very token and difference whereby Kings were known among the Hebrews as the Emperours in Rome were known by their Purple Roabs Aaron and his Sons were the first anointed Priests and Samuel anointed Saul first King over Israel and so consequently it grew into a custome that Priests and Kings were anointed By which thing is signified that they be specially favoured of God and like as Oyl lyeth aloft on the water or other Liquor so the office of a Priest and dignity of a Prince surmounteth all other degrees of Ministers both in the active and also contemplative life Silvester Bishop of Rome ordained first that all that were Christned Churches and Chalices should be annointed with Oyl Our oyl that is now used is made of Oyl Olive and natural Balm Fabianus commanded that it should be renewed every Munday and Thursday Clement the first ordained that all Children and other that were Christned should be anointed again with Crisme and he instituted also the Sacrament of Confirmation supposing that no man were a perfect Christian if that Rite and Ceremony were by negligence omitted For this cause that the Holy Ghost might more plentifully be given to them by the hands of the Bishop This thing began of the example of the Apostles which sent Peter and John into Samaria to lay their hands on them that they might receive the Holy Ghost It is onely ministred by a Bishop in this wise first he asketh the name of the child and then maketh the sign of the Crosse in the forehead with the Chrisme saying I sign thee with the token of the Crosse and confirm thee with the Crisme of Salvation In the name of the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost that thou may be reple●ished with the Holy Spirit and have everlasting life So 〈◊〉 And then he smiteth the cheek of 〈◊〉 Child softly but if he be of a great age he giveth a sharp stroke that he may remember that mystery saying Peace 〈◊〉 with thee Felix the fourth did institute That such as were in extreams should be anointed following the example of the Apostles which as Mark wi●nesseth cured many diseases by anointing them and S. James speaketh of a like thing in his Epistle CHAP. IV. The beginning of Marriage of Priests when it was forbidden with other Laws touching Marriage MOses the Minister of God among the Israelites which were desirous to augment and amplifie their issue ordained that all men indifferen●ly as well Priests as Lay-people should take wives lest the debarring them from matrimony might be occasion of greater enormity and inconvenience among them Albeit because of the dignity of the ordet of Priesthood he made restraint that they should marry none that was taken prisoner bond-woman or divorced from their former husband and the Bishops might not be married but to Maids As concerning our Priesthood Sylvester the first after the Text of S. Paul commanded that a Priest should marry but one wife and after to live sole alone as Paul had a wife as may appear in his Epistles to the Philipians and Corinthians And Clement Bishop of Alexandria and Ignatius which was in Paul's time witnesse the same Peter and Philip had wifes and daughters whom they bestowed honestly in marriage to husbands And S. Peter seeing his Wife led to death for the profession of Christ with great joy of her constancy said Wife remember the Lord. This order the Greeks and all the East parts of Christendome do use which would not consent to the Councel of Neece wherein it was propounded That the Priests should forsake their Wives and namely Paphnutius the holy and chaste Bishop that came out of the borders of Egypt withstood that Decree very earnestly Stiricius the first forbade the Priests of the West parties and Deacons to marry the year of our Lord 337. He instituted also That he that either wedded a Widow or took a second wife could not be made Priest Pelagius the second enforced the Sub-deacons to forsake their wifes And Gregorius because he thought it violent to divorce them ordained That from his time none should be Sub-deacon unlesse he vowed Chastity before Notwithstanding the Lawes before made took no effect among the Priests of the West parts untill the time of Gregory the seventh which was the year of our Lord 1074. And here Polidore protesteth That the single life of Priests doth more harm to the Religion shame to the Order and grief to honest men then their constrained chastity profieth If they were restored to the liberty and choice it were no prejudice to the Christian Common-wealth and honesty for the Order In the beginning men married their sisters and kinswomen but Moses restrained them of the Hebrews from the first and second degrees and Fabianus forbade the third and fourth which Custome standeth now in effect Theodorus did inhibit first That a

and Evila of whom came the Evelites And semblably we must believe that of them came all other Nations and people of the world which be now in so great number that they cannot easily be numbred CHAP. IV. The beginning of Marriage and sundry rites of the same GOD after that he had fully accomplished and perfectly created the world and when all the creatures therein were in their kind consummate as Moses teacheth he made man last of all to be Lord and Sovereign of the whole body of the world as one of whom all his work should be subject because he was fashioned after his own likenesse And lest so worthy a creature should by death perish or the world might want his governour ruler it pleased him to make woman out of the body of man and so with the bond of Matrimony combined them together that they should not live after the manner of brute beasts therefore hath God joyned Adam and Eve in Marriage in Paradise before they knew sin that by the congression and company of these two sexes and kinds their issue might be enlarged and so replenish the whole World In this sort was Matrimony instituted albeit antiquity feigneth Cecrops King of the Athenians to have ordeyned Matrimony for which cause he was reported to have had two faces But all Countreyes did not enter like bond of Matrimony neither kept it after one fashion For the Numidians Egyptians Indians Hebrews Persians Parthians Thracians and almost all the Barbarians every one according to his substance married Wives some ten some more The Scythian the Stoicks and Athenians used their children and wives in common and copulated with them abroad openly like beasts The Messagites married every one a wife but they used them commonly Among the Arabians it is the manner that all Kinsmen should have but one wife and he that came to meddle with her should set his staff at the doore for their custome was to bear a staff albeit she lay every night by the eldest by this means they were all brethren An Adulterer was there condemned to death which was perceived by this if he were of another family or kindred Where chanced on a time a strange thing worthy to be had in memory there was a certain Kings daughter of excellent beauty which had fifteen brethren that loved her all intirely well and used one after another to resort to and keep company with her she began by such daily dalliance to be weary of their wanton company and devised this feat she prepared staves like her brothers staves and by and by as one was gone she set a staff at the door like to his and by that deceit the other when they came to the door supposing one to be within pressed no further and it fortuned on a day when they were all together in the Court one of them departed from the other and repaired to her house and when he espyed a staff at the gate thinking it to be some Adulterer for he was assured that he left his brethren in the Court he ran to his father and accused his sister of Adultery but when the matter was known it was perceived that he had falsly slandered her The Assyrians and the Babylonians bought their wives in open Market at a common price which custome among the Saracens and Arabians yet still remaineth When the Nazamones were first married they used to suffer their wives to lie the first night with all her guests in the worship of Venus and from thenceforth they kept themselves chaste and pure of living A certain people of the Carthaginians which border on Aegypt were wont to offer such maidens as should be married to the King of that Region to deflour whom it pleased him In Scotland also the usage was that the Lord of the soyl should lye with the bride before her husband but for so much as it was unfitting to be frequented among Christians their King Malcolme the third of that name about the year of our Lord M.XCIX did abolish that beastly abomination and ordained that every maid should give the Lord for the redemption of her maidenhead a Crown of Gold Some people lived single as certain Nations called Cristae and Esseni among the Hebrews which did abhor the calamities and troubles in marriage Wedlock was observed sincerely and reverently of the Romanes till Divorcement began which although it be an occasion that Women should more earnestly keep their chastity yet our Religion doth scarcely permit it One Spurius Servilius the year after the City was founded 522. Marcus Pomponius and Caius Pap●rius being Consuls first sued a Divorce from his Wife because she was barren for which fact although he affirmed openly before the Censors that he did it only because he would have issue yet he was evil spoken of among the common sort This decree of divorcing was taken out of the Laws of Moses which made the first constitution of that statute yet was there this difference For by Moses it was onely lawfull for the Husband to forsake his Wife but the Romans decree gave them both like liberty The Rites of Marriage were divers in Rome the manner was that two children should lead the Bride and another bear a Torch before her of white-thorn in worship of Ceres that like as she with fruits of the earth doth nourish men so the new bride like an houswife should bring up her children Which manner is used in England saving that instead of the Torch there is born here a cup of Silver or Gold before them A Garland also of Corn-eares was set on her head or else she bare it in her hand or if that were not when she came home wheat was scatered abroad over her head in betokening of plenty and fruitfullnesse Also before she came to bed to her Husband Fire and water were given her which have power to purify and cleanse signifying thereby that she should be chaste and honest of her body There were besides these divers Rites which I omit The maids of Greece and Rome as it may appear by Homer and Catullus were usually accustomed to gird their Privity with a lace or swathel till the day of their Marriage The Bride anointed the posts of the doors with swines grease because she thought by that means to drive away all misfortune whereof she had her name in Latine Neither might she step over the threshold but must be born over to declare that she loseth her Virginity unwillingly with many other superstitious ceremonies which be too long to rehearse CHAP. V. The Institution of Religion and who Worshipped gods first with sacrifice IT is no doubt but men which at the first without any Governour led a barbarous and rude manner of life did highly advance their first Kings honour and prayses and by the perswasion of the Devil either for their wonderfull courage

where the Priests were customably shaven in token of sorrow and heavinesse for the death of their God Apis. And they were also shaven daily because they should be without filth in their quotidian Sacrifice The signification of the Priests crouns is to declare that they ought to reject terrene and Earthly substance reserving to themselves onely a competent sufficiency Anacletus first forbad Priests to have beards or long hair Siricus decreed that all those men that were twise married or wedded a Widow should be no Priests Anastasius commanded that none that was lame or maimed should be admitted to be a Priest Bonifacius instituted That no man could be a Priest before he were 30 years old for that was the age of Priests in the old Law But the Council of Laterane thought it sufficient if he were 25 years old after the example of the Levites which at that age ministred in the Tabernacle Anacletus also appointed that every Bishop should be installed and consecrated of other ancient Bishops CHAP. VI. Who devised Parishes and Diocesses the Order of Cardinals Notaries and Chamberlains AFter that the Priesthood was ordained both lest the cure should be over-great and also that every man might know what his charge was and ho far his Office extended Dionysius the year of our Lord 267 divided both in Rome and other places Churches Church-yards and Parishes to Curates and Diocesses to Bishops and commanded every man should be contented with his prescript bounds But before that Euaristus appointed titles of Cures to the Priests in Rome whose duty was to christen all that were converted from Paganism to Christian Religion and resorted thithen 〈◊〉 received ●he faith and to bury the dead And afterward Marcellus decreed that there should be 〈◊〉 in number These because they were the chief Priests in Rome and had the prerogative before the rest were named Cardinals and of them without doubt the order of Cardinals sprung first which for as much as they were in daily presence with the Bishop of Rome that then had the primary o● of Christ endome were had in great reputation and reverence And Innocentius the fourth of that name which was about the year of our Lord 1●54 willing to augment and advance their dignity commanded by 〈◊〉 that from thenceforth they should ri●● when they came to the Bishop's Palace and wear a red hat whereby was mean that they ought to be in ●●●endinesse to adventure themselves for the love of Religion and spend their blood in Christ's Cause and Paulus Bishop ordained that they should have Scarlet Robes or Kirtells This order standeth of three sorts for some be Bishops and be in number s●x The Cardinals of Hostia Sabine Portua Tusculane Prenestine and Albane The other were either Priests or Deacons albeit in no certain or speciall number But there is another Order in Rome of Notaries which were appointed by Julius the first of that name to write the Acts of all godl● Martyrs and Confessors and register them for a perpetual example of constant and vertuous living Albeit I think it rather to be the invention and device of Clement which ordained seven Notaries to inroll the notable deeds of Martyrs And Antherius after did more firmly ratifie it Also Leo the first a godly and well disposed man seeing the people repair thither from all parts of the world for pardon appointed certain Officers of the Priests whom he named Chamberlains to keep the Tombs and Sepulchres of the Apostles and Martyrs that they perceiving the holy reverence about the Apostles graves might be more enflamed with devotion But all such Offices be now perverted and turned from that godly purpose to a vain worldly ostentation and pomp and be ready Merchandise in Rome the promotions be so grear CHAP. VII The Prerogatives of the Bishop of Rome and his Election ONe special Prerogative and Priviledg of the Bishop of Rome i● that he may change his name if it seem to him not very pleasant to his ears As to speak merrily if he be a malefacto●● he may call his name Bonifacius if he be a coward he may be called Leo for a Carter Vrbanus and for a cruel man Clemens if nocent Innocentius if ungodly Pius This was the ordinance of Sergius and they say they do it after the example of Christ which changed Simon Barjona his name into Peter and of this it came to passe that every Bishop when he was elected chose the name of one of his predecessours The Bishop of Rome is also born on mens shoulders which custome came of the election of Stephanus the second whom the people for his great vertue and godlinesse with much joy of the election bare on their shoulders The manner of the pomp of bearing was admitted but the imitating and following of his vertue and sincere living was omitted Albeit it might spring of a gentile custome that was among the Romans that every rich man or high Potentate should be born of his servants in a bed The authority to choose the Bishop of Rome belonged first to the Emperour of Constantinople and the Deputy of Italy till the time of the Emperour Constantine which licenced the Cardinals and the people of Rome to elect him This was about the year of Christ 685. A few years after Gregory the third with other his Successours when they were vexed by the Lombards seeing they could not have ready help of the Emperour of Constantinople required ayd of Charls Martelle Pippin and Charls the Great King of France For which benefits Leo the third made and denounced Charlemain Emperour and gave him authority to ratifie and confirm the election of the Bishop of Rome but Nicholas the second rerestrained the election onely to the Cardinals which custome remaineth at this day The great possessions that the Bishop● of Rome have contrary to the example of Christ whose Vicars they name themselves and Peter's poverty their predecessor were given them by 〈◊〉 and L●wi● Emperours And yet notwithstanding all that large benigni●y and kindnesse shewed to him and his Auncestors John the 12th made Oth● King of Germany Emperour and afterward Gregory the third a Ger●●● born for to gratifie the Empero●● his Countryman Decreed that the 〈◊〉 shops of Mogunce Treverance and C●●len the Marquess of Brandenburgh 〈◊〉 County Palatine Duke of Saxony and King of Bohemia should have full power to choose the Emperour about the year of our Lord 1002. Thus the Bishops of Rome have been inhanced in worldly power that they think themselves equal with Princes Kings and Emperours But as it was falsly Usurped so shall it by the Word of God be rooted out and extirpateds as an unprofitable Tree CHAP. VIII The dividing of Priests into sundry degrees A manner of Swearing and Excommunication GRegory sirnamed the Great where before time Priests and chief Priests 〈◊〉 onely used in the Congregation first divided them into

man might not marry that Maid to whom his father was a God-father It was confirmed first by Gregory and after by Alexander the third That no man should marry his brother's wife lest it should be thought to be a counterfeit of the Hebrews Lanuch was the first that ever had two wives whose example many others ensued afterwards The custome of purifying of women was taken of the Hebrews but there is no day or time appointed for it Nevertheless for an honest order they use commonly not to be purified before the moneth day and then with a few honest Matrons she cometh accompanied to the Church and offereth a wax Taper and the Chrisome CHAP. V. Of the Temples Church-yards when the Crosse was first had in reverence IN the Old Testament Moses set up a Tabernacle curiously edified to God wherein Supplication and Intercession was made to him for the 〈◊〉 of the people And in that he made the Ark of Covenant in the which he put the two Tables of stone containing the Law of the Ten Commandements Aaron's rod and the pot of Manna After him Solomon King of the Hebrews made at Hierusalem ● Temple of costly array and sumptuously wrought I cannot to say truth perfectly tell where the first Church of Christians was builded but by all conjecture it seemeth that it was made of the Apostles either in Ethiopia where Matthew preached or in Lower India where Bartholomew taught or in Scythia where Andrew shewed the Word of God Where they doubtlesse either cause new Churches to be edified or else transposed the Idol's Temples to serve the Christians use abolishing Superstition and planting the true Religion of Christ Albeit it were not against reason to suppose there was a Temple or house of prayer appointed by James at Jerusalem In Rome the first that I read of was consecrated by Pius Bishop of Rome in the street called Patricius at Novatus Baths in honour of the Virgin Prudentia at the request and suit of Praredis her sister And after Calistus made a Temple to the Virgin Mary in a place beyond Tiberis and instituted a Church-yard in Apius's street and called it after his own name But Abraham was the first that made any place of burial in Hebron where he bought of Ephron an Hittite the double Cave for 300 shekels of silver with the the ground about it and there was Sarah his wife and he himself buried Noah builded the first Altar and offered upon it a burned Sacrifice to the Lord. And Bonifacius the third caused that they were covered with linnen cloaths Constantinus when he had won the battail against Maxentius by reason of a vision that he saw of the crosse the day of the battle ordained that from thenceforth no man should suffer death on the crosse And so in processe of time it was had in much reverence and worship And Theodosius made a law That there should no Image of the crosse be graven in stone marble or in earth lest men should tread on it Hellen Constantine's Mother a very vertuous woman repaired to Jerusalem to seek the Crosse of our Lord where with great labour and diligence she fouud it and with it the other two whereon the Theeves were hanged but it was ease to perceive Christ's Crosse by the Title which then did remain albeit sore wasted and corrupted with Antiquity CHAP. VI. Of the ancient rite or sacrificing Feast-dayes dedicating Temples the mystery of Fire Holy Water CAin and Abel the two sons of our first Father Adam offered in sacrifice to God the first fruits of their goods Abel his oblation was a Lamb Cain his gift was Corn. Afterward when the Priesthood was ordained Aaron and his sons offered divers things with sundry Ceremonies which he shewed at large in the book of Leviticus The Gentiles almost all sacrificed to the Idols men or women after sundry rites as appeareth in the Histories of Gentile-Authors And if it fortuned that they omitted any such abominable idolatry they had great punishment destruction of their fruit corruption of their water infection of the Ayr death of Cattel great droughts women had evil deliverance with many such plagues as Dionysius Halicarnasseus witnesseth which the spirits of the ayr procured to delude and seduce men and confirm them in their errour The holy-dayes among the Jews were divers as the Sabbath-day the Feast of the new Moon the Passeover the Feast of unleavened bread Pentecost the Feast of Tabernacles the Dedication day which be all shewed largely in the Old Testament The use of dedicating Churches is of great antiquity for Moses did sanctifie the Tabernacle and Solomon consecrated the Temple that he builded at Jerusalem And Esdras after when they returned from the Captivity of Babylon hallowed the Temple new again Of them we receive our Rite of hallowing of Churches albeit we have more ceremonies then they had Fire was kept continually on the Altar by the Priests for without it and salt could no sacrifice be duly made or ordinarily offered and we in our Masses have ever a Taper of Wax burning And the Emperours of Rome had Fire born before them and the Vestals had ever perpetual Fire in the Temple where they served Vesta The spirits of the ayr that gave doubtfull answers to them that enquired any question of them were at the coming of Christ all destroyed For when he was carried into Egypt which is a Country full of superstition and Idolatry all the Idols of that Region were overthrown and fell to the ground at his coming thither And in the time of Adrian the Emperour both the wicked sacrifices were abolished and also the Oracles of Apollo at Delphos Jupiter-Hammon in Egypt with like vanities were subverted by the power of God through his Son Jesus Christ Holy Water was ordained by Alexander the first to be consecrated to drive away Spirits and was commanded that it should be kept as well in Churches as in private houses for the same use whereof are grown among the common people many superstitious errours contrary to the Word of God CHAP. VII Who ordayned Praying Why we look Eastward Ministring the Sacrament of the Altar FOrasmuch as we are created of God after his own Image for the intent to honour and serve him and so finally to enjoy the eternal inheritance of Heaven which we must attain to by Prayer acknowledging our own infirmities and referring us to the mercy of our most loving Father It shall therefore be convenient to declare the institution of Prayer Prayer therefore was from the beginning as Abel prayed Noah Abraham Isaac Jacob with other Patriarks prayed to God in all their doubtfull affairs and gave thanks for the good atchieving of them Moses and Aaron with other as Anna the wife of Helcanah shewed us an example of Prayer But Christ is the first that did shew us any special form of Prayer as appeareth in the Gospell of Matthew

The Crouch or Crosse Friers began about the year of our Lord 1215. by the device of Syracus Bishop of Jerusalem which shewed Helen mother of Constantine where the Crosse lay hid and in memorial of the Cross he caused this brotherhood and Colledge of Friers to bear the Cross and yet they never knew what the Cross weighed in their bodies or in their hearts and forasmuch as they were sore wasted Innocentius the third renewed the Religion CHAP. IV. Black and Grey-Fryers the Trinity-order● Brigidians Jesuits new Hermites and Bonhomes ABout the time of Innocentius the third arose two famous founders of two superstitious Sects I mean Dominick the Spaniard and Francis the Italian of the Country of Vmbria Dominick at the first was a Canon but because he could not suffer to have a superiour and was also weary of the Cloyster he invented a new fraternity named Dominicans Black-Fryers or Fryers-Preachers because they had the charge to preach the Gospel without mixture of any Pharisaical leven The new guise of their Vesture made innocent Innocentius to wonder But Honorius the third by his Bull honourably admitted them the year of our Lord 1220 and Gregory the 9th put the matter all out of doubt canonized Dominick and by his Bull under Lead allowed him for a Saint Frances that was first of the Friers Augustines thinking that sect not to be sufficiently furnished with Hypocrisie began a new trade of living in the Mount Appenninus in a place named commonly Laverna doubtless a ground worthy for such a foundation as was beside the Word of God it was set up in the time of Honorius aforesaid They were named Minoribes of the humility and lowliness of heart that they should have but that was smally regarded and farthest from their study Two years after the year of our Lord God 1229 Francis was sanctified by Gregory and made a Saint Francisoans afterward fell at contention for the rules of their profession They that failed somewhat of the unperfect perfection of them retained the name of Minorites still the other entituled themselves Observants more worthy to be called Obstinate The latter fellows were brought in●o England by King Edward the 4th and were greatly inhanced by the famous Prince King Henry the 7th At the same time was Clara the Virgin Countrey-woman to Saint Francis which was a great Foundress of Nuns of the same Rule that Francis gave his Covent of them sprung the bastard Penitencers in the dayes of John the 22 and the year of our Lord 1315. The Order of the Trinity under Innocentius was begun by John Matta and Felix Anachorita in France in the County of Meldine Then also was founded or else not long after in the time of Martin the fourth the Religion of Virgins or Servants by one Philip of Florencia a Physitian and Benedict the 11th confirmed it in the year of our Lord 385. The Order of Brigidians was instituted by Brigidia a Widow that was Princess of Sueta under Vrban the 5th in the year of our Lord 1370 it was as well of men as women albeit they dwelt severally by themselves The Family of Jesuits was the Invention of Johannes Columbinus in the City of Senes in the time of the same Urban the year of our Lord 1368 they were no Priests nor consecrated persons but were men of the lay sort given and addicted to prayer and had the name of Jesuits because that name of Jesus should be often in their mouth they be much like to our Beads-men in England The Sect of new Hermites began in Urbin a City in Italy in the Countrey of Umbria where Polidore Virgil was born and was the device of one Petrus an Hetrurian and they had in the same City a goodly Hospitall or Guild-Hall The Bonhomes were instituted in England by Edmund son of Richard Earl of Cornwall which was brother to Henry the third and was elected King of the Romans and heir apparent to the Empire by the principal Electors about the year of our Lord 1257. The speciall head place of that Religion was Astrige where the noble King Henry the eighth hath now a goodly Palace This Edmund brought the bloud of our Saviour as it was said into the Realm CHAP. V. The original of sacred Knights and white sect WHilest the City of Jerusalem before our Christian men had conquered it in the year of our Lord 1099 was in subjection to the Saracens the Latine Christians that lived there tributaries purchased a licence to build near unto the Holy Sepulchre dwelling houses and among other they made an Hospital of our Lady to receive the strange Pilgrims and appointed a Provost to entertain them This was in Silvester the first his time the year of our Lord three hundred twenty and four and renewed the year of Christ one thousand three hundred ninety and seven in the time of Celestine the third Bishop of Rome After the pattern of this house was devised a like house of Virgins in memorial of Mary Magdalen to receive the Women that resorted thither It began in the 2d Vrbanes dayes the year of our Lord 1099. Notwithstanding because the multitude of Latine Pilgrimes waxed very great they builded three Hospitals of Saint John Baptist as some say Albeit some think it was of John Eleemosinarius that was the Patriarch of Alexandria in the reign of the Emperour Phocas This Sect one Gerardus adorned with a white Cross in a black vesture grand Captain of these Knights was Ramundus when Clement the fifth had the See of Rome about the year of our Lord 1310 yet some affirm that the beginning of them was in the 3d Alexanders dayes the year of Christ one thousand one hundred seventy and nine and they be called of the order of Saint John or Knights of the Rhodes because they won the Rhodes from the Turks which afterwards they lost again in January in the year of our Salvation one thousand five hundred twenty three albeit they did long defend it manfully The Temples order was begun in Gelasius the second his dayes in the year of Christs Incarnation one thousand one hundred twenty and eight by Hugo Paganus and Gaufridus de sancto Alexandro they were named Templers because they kept in a part of the buildings near to the Temple they kept Bernardus rule in their living But Clement the fifth deposed them partly for that they renounced the Faith and conspired with the Turks and partly for other notable crimes The order of Teutonicks or Dutch Lords began in Jerusalem by a Dutch man whose name is not known Their office was to fight against the enemies of Christs Cross it began in the dayes of Clement the third the year of Christs incarnation 1190. Petrus Ferdinandus a Spaniard began the order of Saint James Knights that lived after St Austins rule under Alexander the third and in the year of our Lord one thousand one hundred and sixty in the same