Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
justice_n	peace_n	place_n	say_a	4,085	5	6.7304	4	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A67922	Actes and monuments of matters most speciall and memorable, happenyng in the Church. [vol. 1] with an vniuersall history of the same, wherein is set forth at large the whole race and course of the Church, from the primitiue age to these latter tymes of ours, with the bloudy times, horrible troubles, and great persecutions agaynst the true martyrs of Christ, sought and wrought as well by heathen emperours, as nowe lately practised by Romish prelates, especially in this realme of England and Scotland. Newly reuised and recognised, partly also augmented, and now the fourth time agayne published and recommended to the studious reader, by the author (through the helpe of Christ our Lord) Iohn Foxe, which desireth thee good reader to helpe him with thy prayer.; Actes and monuments	Foxe, John, 1516-1587.	1583 (1583)	STC 11225; ESTC S122167	3,006,471	816

for that we had left so long vncorrected the insolencie of the byshops and other officers that if remedy in these cases were not had with spede they wold withdrawe themselues from our allegeance and the couenaunt which they had sworne vnto to the vtter subuersion of our kingdome our perpetuall ignominie and the euerlasting shame of our English nation which God our most mercifull father forbid shoulde come to passe in our daies in whom is fixed immoueably the anchor of our hope Whereuppon entending the due correction of our officers we remoued from offices as semed good to our wisdome diuers persons whom we suspected in causes euideÌ„t of euil administration of iustice of subuersion and oppressioÌ„ of our subiects of corruption of bribes and other hainous offences Others also of inferiour degree offending in the premisses we caused to be deteined in safe custody least by their liberty iustice might be troden vnder foote and the inquisition of the trueth concerning the premisses not to come to light Forasmuche therefore as the knowledge of the trueth in these cases might of none more certainly be knowen then from the secrete brest of our sayd Archbishop for that nothing pertaining to our information ought to lie hid from him vnto whome of so long a time had bene committed the administration of our whole common weale and summe of our businesse Wee sent vnto him our faithfull subiect Nicholas de Cantilupe with special commandement from vs all delayes set a part that he should forthwith make his personall appearance before vs at our City of London But he as one alwaies timerous as wel in prosperity as in aduersity and fearing where no feare was vntruely alleageth that some of our assistents had threatned hym and laid wait for his life if at any time he departed froÌ„ the Church of Cant. which God wee take to witnesse and a pure conscience wee neuer meant nor any of our assistents Wee suppose he touched thereby our Cousin although to all other aswell of the cleargy as comminalty through his malicious misdemeanors he was become odious Wherfore intending the safegarde of our subiects by letters or otherwise called before vs we appoynted our trustie and welbeloued Rasse Stafforde our Harbynger to offer vnto hym safeconducte and moreouer to present vnto him our letters patentes vnder our seale willing and commanding him therby againe personally to come before vs that we might be enformed what of so long a time hee had done touching the affaires of the kyngdome Wherunto contemning our commanndement gentle request he answereth that neither he wold in person appeare neither yet in any matter conferre wyth vs except it were in a full Parliament which for diuers reasonable causes coulde not then be called Thus may you see this archb whom our royal benignity had amplified wyth large honours admitted into all familiarity receiued into the bonde of vnnimitie and frendship vpon whome as on a father our whole hope did consist who so long as wee accomplished his will in all things pretended towardes vs a face of counterfet loue cloaked wyth dissembling beneuolence euen as though he had bene a louing father howe cruelly against reason he hath now forsaken vs requiting benefits with ingratitude oppressing his benefactour wyth the arrogancie of feare and finally according to the vulgare prouerbe rewarded vs as a horse in a satchell a Snake in a mannes bosome and fire cherished next the skinne rewardeth their receiuers When we were first exalted vnto the throne of our kingdome descended vnto vs by right of inheritaunce Gods diuine prouidence so working we thought and alwayes thinke it a detestable thyng to abuse so high authoritie but rather desire to gouerne wyth clemencie leuitie and moderation of iustice that peace of all men desired might firmely take place Neuerthelesse our sayde Archbyshop hath gone about to defame our innocencie and the fidelitie and diligence our faithfull counsailers prosecutours of true iustice openly declaring in hys letters patent and publishing abroade in diuers places that hee was oppressed by the kings power contrary to iustice the Clergy and comminaltie confounded and the church ouer charged wyth diuers grieuous taxes exactions He subtilly vsurped the name of a good pastour when in deede he was nothing lesse but rather as it should seeme by his owne coÌ„fession and the common opinion had of him a very hireling He cloked his craftie subtilnesse with the zeale of defending the Churche although he hymselfe in very deede was the onely cause by his euill counsaile and craftie deuises of the tribulations of the same Hee also fained that not long agoe certaine wrytings were brought vnto him to be sealed containing in effect the defence and excusation of all such in generall that were violaters of the liberties of the Churche hoping thereby to defame the opinion had of vs and our faythfull counsailours to stirre vp sedition amongst the people and finally to withdrawe from vs the hearts of our nobilitie Hee gaue commaundement by hys letters that these things shoulde be proclaimed in all places of great resorte by diuers speciall articles contrary to his former order in his prouinciall Councel Wherefore respecting the integritie of our fame entending to preuent the malice of the sayde Archbishoppe and also to decline from vs the snares prepared for vs and ours wee haue thought good at thys present ouer besides those which before are rehersed amongst so many which wee omitte to declare vnto you some of hys peruerse and wicked actes When in our minoritie wee were constituted ouer our dominions hee caused vs through hys vnaduised counsaile and rash perswasion therby to winne excesiue fauour to geue away so many wastfull giftes and so many vnlawfull alienations that nowe by meanes thereof our treasury is cleane consumed the reuenewes of our Exchequer without all order dimished and he corrupted with bribes innumerable Oftentimes also without cause why when neither necessitie nor vtilitie so required onely through his perswasion wee forgaue diuers men great summes of money due vnto vs yea and the rents and reuenewes which ought to haue bene conserued for our necessitie and profite we applied to the vse of his frendes largely bestowing vppon such as euill deserued it Moreouer accepting aswell persones as money contrary to our minde and hys othe of fidelitie made vnto vs he admitted vnto publique offices throughout our dominions persones vnworthy neglecting those that had well deserued Many other things he rashly tooke in hand to the detrimeÌ„t of our state the hurt of our dignitie royall and no smal dammage of our subiectes by abusing his authoritie office committed vnto him But if he persist in his proude obstinacie and stout rebellion wee shall heereafter in conuenient time and place cause it to be more openly knowen willing and commaunding you to publish and cause to be published all and singular the premisses openly and distinctly in places where you shall thinke it

is now lately dead and the maister here of the Dominike Friers is not now present Wherfore we dare not determine in such a weighty cause touching the priuileges of our order without the presence of them And ther fore we desire you of the Uniuersity to holde vs therin excused and not to be so lightly stirred against vs for we are not the worst and vilest part of the Uniuersity c. The next day being the 8. day of the same moneth whithe is also dedicate to the conception of our Ladye vpon which day it was determined likewise that one of the dominicke Friers should preach in the Church of the Franciscane or gray Friers and so he did tending to the same end as the other frier in the other church had done before Whereby it may seeme the prouerb well aunswered vnto whereof we read in the Gospell Facti sunt amici Herodes Pilatus in ipsa die It was not long after that the feast of S. Thomas the Apostle folowed in whose Uigile all the heads of the Uniuersity againe were warned the third day after to congregate together in the Church of S. Bernard at the sermon time Which being done and the assembly meeting together an other SermoÌ„ was made by a Diuine of the Uniuersity whose theame was Prope est Dominus omnibus inuocantibus eum in veritate c. Wherein he with many words and great authorities argued agaynst them that woulde not be obedient vnto theyr Prelats c. The sermon being ended then rose vp againe the Bishop Ambianensis who prosecuting the rest of the Theame and comming to the word in veritate deuided it in three parts according to the common glose of the decretals Est verum vitae doctrinae iusticiaeque Primum semper habe duo propter scandala linque Shewing and declaring by many authorities both of canonicall scriptures and out of the law and by euideÌ„t demonstratioÌ„ of experience that the Friers first had no verity of life because they were full of hypocrisy neither had they verity of doctrine because in their hart they bare gall and in theyr toung hony neither verity of iustice because they vsurped other mens offices And thus concluding with the same caused agayn to be read the sayd priuileges with the constitution aboue specified And so expouÌ„ding place by place did argue and proue that the sayd constitution in no part was euacuat or infringed by that priuilegies aforesayd Which thing being declared he added moreouer that where as the Friers say sayd he that I should be present in the obteining of the priuileges I graunt it to be true when word came to me thrise thereof I went to the Pope reclayming requiring the sayd priuileges to be renoked But the next day after it so pleased the Pope to send me out abroad vpon weighty affayres so that then the matter had no end After that we sent also other messengers with our letters for the same cause vnto the Court of Rome whom the Friers say not to haue preuailed but they lye therein For the sayd messengers agayne brought vs letters from the chief of the court of Rome sealed with their seales which letters we haue diuers times presented to our king wil shortly shew them vnto you all In the which letters the Lord Pope hath promised the sayd priuiledges either to be vtterly abrogate or els to be mitigated with some more playnely interpretation of the which we trust shortly to haue the publicke Bulle or writ from the Pope At last the sayd Bishop required desired of all there of what Dioces or countrey so euer they were that they would copy out the foresayd priuiledges and send them abroad into their couÌ„tries that all men might see what they were and how far they did exteÌ„d In fine the matter comming into open disputation it was coÌ„cluded by M. Giles one of the Austine Friers who was thought to be most reasonable of all the other Friers in this wise that after his sentence the Prelates were in the truer part c. Haec ex Godfrido de Fontanis Â¶ Concerning this wrangling contention betwene the Uniuersity and Friers of Fraunce heretofore mentioned whereof partly the original cause there may be vnderstand by that which hath bene sayd to rise vpon certaine priuilegies grauÌ„ted by popes to the Friers to intermedle in matters of Parish churches As to heare confessioÌ„s to preach and teach with power there to annexed to gather for theyr labor to bury within their houses and to receiue impropriations c. because it were long here to describe the full circumstances therof also because the sayd contention dyd endure a long time not onely in frauÌ„ce but also came ouer to englaÌ„d The whole discourse therof more ample Christ willing shal be declared in the beginning of the next booke folowing when we come to the story of Armachanus About what time yere this brawle was in the Uniniuersity of Paris betwene the Friers and Prelats there as hath bene declared the like conteÌ„tion happened also in the vniuersity of Oxford in the yeare aboue prefixed 1354. saue onely that the strife amoÌ„g the maisters of Paris as it rose vpon Frierly ceremonies so it went no farther then brawling wordes and matter of excoÌ„munication but this tumult rising of a dronken cause proceeded further vnto bloudy stripes The first originall wherof began in a tauerne betwene a scholer the good man of the house Who falling together in altercatioÌ„ grew to such heat of words that the student contra ius hospitij poured the wine vpon the head of the host and brake his head with the quart pot Upon this occasion geuen estsoones parts began to be taken betwene townes men the scholers In somuch that a grieuous sedition conflict folowed vpoÌ„ the same wherin many of the townes men were wounded to the number of 20. slayn Diuers also of the scolers grieuously hurt The space of 2. dayes this hurly burly continued Vpon the second day certain religious and deuout persoÌ„s ordeined a solemne processioÌ„ general to pray for peace Yet notwithstanding all that procession as holy as it was it would not bring peace In the which procession the skirmish stil waxing hoat one of the studentes being hardly pursued by the townesmen for succour in his flight came running to the Priest or Frier which caried about as the maner was the pixe thinking to finde refuge at the preseÌ„ce of the transubstaÌ„tiated God of the aultar there caried inboxed Notwithstanding the God there not preseÌ„t or els not seing him or els peradueÌ„ture being a sleepe the scholer fouÌ„d there small helpe For the townesmen in the heate of the chase forgetting belike the vertue of the popes transubstaÌ„tiation folowed him so hard that in the preseÌ„ce of the pixe they brake his head wouÌ„ded him greuously This done at length some peace or truce for that day was taken The

day wast shall haue lyuery therof out of the hands of the king of the landes tenements aforesayde so of them holden as hath bene vsed in case of attaynder of felonies except the lands and tenements which be holden of the ordinaries or their commissaries before whom anye such empeached of heresye be conuict which landes and tenements shall wholy remaine to the king as forfeit And moreouer that all the goodes and cattels of such conuicted be forfayt to our right soueraigne Lord the king so that no person conuict of heresye left vnto the secular power according to the lawes of holy Church do forfeit his landes before that he be dead And if any such person so conuicted becuse offed whether it be by fine or by deede or without deed in landes and tenements rentes or seruices in fee or otherwise in whatsoeuer maner or haue any other possessions or cattels by gift or graunt of any person or persons to the vse of any other then only to the vse of such conuits That the same landes tenementes rentes nor seruices nor other such possessions nor cattelles shall not be forfeite vnto our soueraigne Lord the king in no maner wise And moreouer that the Iustices or the kinges bench the Iustices of peace Iustices of Assise haue full power to inquire of all such which hold any errors or heresies as Lolards and who be their mayntayners receiuers fautors and susteiners common writers of such bookes as well of their sermons as scholes conuenticles congregations and confederacies that this clause be put in the coÌ„missions of the Iustices of peace And if any persons be indited of any of the points aboue said that the sayd Iustices haue power to award agaynst them a Capias and that the Shriffe be bound to arest the person or persons so indited as soone as he can finde them either by himselfe or by his officers And for so much as the cognisance of heresies errors or Lolardies appertain to the Iudges of holy church and not vnto the secular Iudges that such persons indited be deliuered vnto the Ordinaries of the places or to theyr Commissaryes by Indentures betwene them to be made within x. dayes after their arest or sooner if it may be done to be therof acquited or conuict by the lawes of holy church in case such persoÌ„s be not indited of any other thing the cognisaunce whereof appertayneth to the Iudges secular officers in which case after they shal be acquited or deliuered before the secular iudges of such thinges as apperteineth to the secular Iudges they shal be sent in safe custody vnto the said Ordinaries or their commissaries to theÌ„ to be deliuered by Indentures as is aforesayd to be acquited or coÌ„uicted of the same heresyes errors and Lolardies as is aforesaid according to the lawes of holy church that with in the terme abouesayde Prouided that the saide indightments be not taken in euidence but onely for information before the Iudges spirituall agaynst such persons indighted but that the Ordinaries begin their proces against such persoÌ„s indited in the same maner as though no such iudgement were hauing no regard to such inditementes And if any be indited of heresy error or Lolardy and takeÌ„ by the Shiriffe or any other officer of the king he may be let to mayneprise within the sayde x. dayes by good surety for whoÌ„ the said Shriffes or other officers wil answer so that the person so indighted be readye to be deliuered vnto the sayd Ordinaries or to their Commissaryes before the end of the tenth day aboue recited if he may be any meanes for sicknes And that euery Ordinary haue sufficieÌ„t Commissaries or Commissary abiding in euery Countye in place notable so that if any such person indited be taken that the sayd Commissaryes or Commissary may be warned in the notable place of his abiding by the Shiriffe or any of hys officers to come vnto the Kinges Bayle within the sayd Countye there to receiue the same person so indighted by Indenture as is aforesayd And that in the Inquestes in this case takeÌ„ the Shiriffes and other officers vnto whom it apperteineth do impanell good and sufficient persoÌ„s not suspected nor procured that is to say suche as haue at the least euery one of theÌ„ that shal be so impanelled in such inquestes within the Realme a hundred shyllinges by the yere of lands tenements or of rent vpon payne to leese to the kings vse xx pouÌ„d And that those which shal be impanelled vpon such enquestes at sessions and gayles haue euery one of them to the value of xi shillings by the yeare And if any such person arested whether it be by the Ordinaries or the officers of the king either escape or break prison before he be therof acquit before the Ordinary that then all his goods and cattelles which he had at the day of such arest shall be forfeite to the king And his landes and tenementes which he had the same day be seised also into the kings handes and that the king haue the profites therof from the same day vntill he render himselfe to the sayde prison from whence he escaped And that the aforesaid Iustices haue full power to enquire of all suche escapes and breaking of prisons and also of the lands tenements goods and cattels of such persons indighted Prouided that if any such person endighted doe not returne vnto the sayde prison and dyeth not being conuict that then it shall bee lawfull for his heyres to enter into the landes and tenements of his or their auÌ„cester without any other sute made vnto the king for this cause And that all those which haue liberties or franchises royall in England as the couÌ„ty of Chester the county and liberty of Durham and other like And also al the Lordes which haue iurisdictions and franchises royall in Wales where the kings writs do not run haue like power to execute and put in execution in al pointes these articles by them or by their officers in like maner as doe the Iustices and other the kinges officers aboue declared Â¶ Notes touching the statute prefixed Thus hauing recited the wordes of the statute nowe let vs consider the reasons obiections of this aduersary who grounding peradueÌ„ture vpon the preface or preamble of this foresaid statute will proue thereby the L. Cobham and Sir Roger Acton with the rest of their abettours to haue bin traitors to their king and their countrey Wherunto I answere first in generall that although the face or preface prefixed before the statute may shew and declare the cause occasion originall why the statute was made yet the making of the statute importeth no necessary probatioÌ„ of the preface alwaies to be true that goeth before which being but a colour to induce the making therof geueth no force materiall therunto nor is any necessary part of the body of the said statute But onely adhereth as a declaration

neyther holy neither meritorious Item that reliques as dead mens bones ought not to be worshipped or digged out of theyr graues or set vp in Shrynes Item that prayers made in all places are acceptable vnto God Item that men ought not to pray to any saynt but only to God Item that the vels and ringing in the church was ordeyned for no other purpose then to fill the pristes purses Item that it is no sinne to withstand the ecclesiasticall preceptes Item that the catholick church is onely the congregation of the elect These were the Articles which were generally obiected agaynst them all wherin they did so agree in one vniforme sayth that whatsoeuer one did hold all the other did mayntayne hold the same By the which theyr consent doctrine it appeareth that they all receiued it of some one instructor who was William White which being a scholer and folower of I. Wickliffe resorted afterward into thys country of Norfolke and there instructed these men in the light of the gospell And now as we haue declared the names and Articles of these good men so it remayneth somewhat to speake of theyr troubles how they were handled beginning first with William White Â¶ William White Priest THis William White being a folower of Iohn Wickliff and a priest not after the common sort of priests but rather to be reputed amongst the number of them of whom the wise man speaketh He was as the morning starre in the midst of a cloud c. This man was well learned vpright a well spoken priest He gaue ouer his priesthood benefice took vnto him a godly yong woman to his wife named Ioane notwithstanding he did not therefore cease or leaue froÌ„ his former office duty but continually labored to the glory and prayse of his spouse Christ by reading writing preaching The principal points of his doctrine were these which he was forced to recant at Canterbury That men should seeke for the forgeuenes of their sins onely at the handes of God That the wicked liuing of the Pope and his holynesse is nothing els but a deuilish estate and heauy yoke of Antichrist and therfore he is an enemy vnto Christes trueth That men ought not to worship Images or other Idolatrous payntings That meÌ„ ought not to worship the holy men which are dead That the Romish church is the fig tree which the Lord Christ hath accussed because it hath brought forth no fruit of the true beliefe That such as weare coules or be annointed or shorne are the lanceknightes and souldiors of Lucifer that they all because theyr lamps are not burning shall be shut out when as the Lord Christ shall come Upon which articles he being attached at Cant. vnder the Archb. Henry Chichesley in the yeare of our Lord 1424. there for a certayne space stoutly and manly witnessed the truth whiche he had preached but like as there he lost hys courage and strength so afterward he became again much more stouter and stronger in Iesu Christ and confessed his own error offence For after this he going into Norfolk with his said wife Ioane there occupying himself busily in teaching conuerting the people vnto the true doctrine of Christ at the last by meanes of the kings letters seÌ„t down for that intent and purpose he was apprehended taken brought before Wil. bishop of Norwich by whom he was conuict condemned of 30. articles there was burned in Norwich in the moneth of September an 1424. Â¶ The burning of William White This William White and his wife had his most abode with one Tho. Moone of Ludney This maÌ„ was of so deuout and holy life that all the people had him in great reuerence and desired him to pray for them in so much that one Margaret Wright confessed that if any sayntes were to be prayd to she would rather pray to him then to any other When he was come vnto the stake thinking to open hys mouth to speak vnto the people to exhort confirme them in the verity one of the bishops seruants stroke hym on the mouth therby to force him to keepe silence And thus thys good man receiuing the crowne of martyrdome ended this mortall life to the great dolor griefe of all the good men of Norfolke Whose sayd wife Ioane folowing her husbaÌ„ds footsteps according to her power teaching and sowing abroad the same doctrine confirmed many men in Gods truth wherefore the suffered much trouble and punishmeÌ„t the same yeare at the handes of the sayd bishop About the same time also was burned father Abraham of Colchester and Iob. WaddoÌ„ priest for the like articles Concerning them which abiured how by whom they were examined What depositions came in agaynst them and what was the order maner of the penance inioyned them here it might be set out at large but for auoyding of prolixity it shall be sufficient briefly to touch certaine of the principals wherby the better vnderstanding may be geueÌ„ to the Reader after what maner order al the other were intreated First amongst them which were arested and caused to abiure in this yeare afore specified 1428. was Thom. Pye and Iohn Mendham of Aldborough who being conuict vpon diuers of the Articles before mentioned were enioined penance to be done in theyr own parish Church as by the bishops letter directed to the Deane of Rhodenhall that parish priest of Aldborough doth more at large appeare the tenour wherof here ensueth The copy of the Bishop of Norwich his letter WIlliam by the sufferance of God Bishop of Norwich to our welbeloued sonnes in Christ the Deane of RodÃ©hal of our Dioces and to the parishe priest of the parish Churche of Aldborough of the same our dioces health grace and benediction For so much as we according to our office lawefully proceeding to the correction and amendment of the soules of Thomas Pye and Iohn Mendham of Aldborough of the dioces aforesayd because they haue holden beleued and affirmed diuers and many errours and heresyes contrary to the determination of the holy Churche of Rome and the vniuersall church and catholicke fayth haue enioyned the sayd Thomas and Iohn appearing before vs personally and confessing before vs iudicially that they haue holden beleued and affirmed diuers and many errors and heresyes this penaunce hereunder written for theyr offences to be done and fulfilled in maner forme and time hereunder written according as iustice doth require that is to say sixe fustigations or displinges about the parish church of Alborough aforesayd before a solemn procession sixe seuerall sondayes and three displinges about the market place of Herelston of our sayde Dioces three principall market dayes bare necked head legs and feet theyr bodyes being couered onely with theyr shyrtes and breeches either of them carying a taper in his hand of a pound waight as well rounde about the Church as about the market

the second vpon his workmen and builders of his new works whereof he had great delight cunning the third vpon strangers Likewise the other second halfe vpon spirituall vses he did thus diuide in foure portions One to the releuing of the poore An other to monasteries The iij. portion to the schooles of Oxforde for the mainteining of good letters The iiij he sent to foreine Churches without the Realme This also is left in stories written to his commendation for his great tolerance and sufferance that when he had builded the new Monastery at Winchester and afterward hys sonne Edward had purchased of the Byshop and the Chapter a sufficient peece of grounde for certaine offices to be adioyned vnto the same had geuen for euery foote of ground mancam auri pleni ponderis which was as I thynke a marke of golde or more yet Alfrede therwithal was not greatly discontented to see his coffers so wasted Ouer and besides how sparing and frugall hee was of time as of a thing in this earth most pretious and howe farre from al vain pastimes and idlenes he was this doth well declare which in the storie of William de Reg. other wryters is tolde of hym That hee so deuided the day and night in three parts if he were not let by warres or other great busines that eight houres hee spent in studie learning and other eight houres he spent in praier and almes dedes and other eight houres he spent in his natural rest sustenance of his body and the needes of the realme The which order he kept duely by the burning of waxen tapers kept in his closet by certaine persons for the same purpose Guliel How studious he was carefull of the commoÌ„ wealth and maintenance of publike tranquillitie his lawes most godly set forth and diuised by him may declare Wherein especially by him was prouided for the extirping and abolishing all theft and theeues out of the Realme Wherby the Realme through his vigilant care was brought into such traÌ„quillitie or rather perfection that in euery crosse or turning way he made be set vp a golden brouch at least of siluer gilded through his dominioÌ„s and none so hardy neither by day nor night to take it downe for the more credit wherof the wordes of the Latin story be these Armillas aureas iuberet suspendi quae viantium auiditatem irritarent dum non essent qui eas abriperent c. Guliel Lib. de Regibus Angl. And no great maruel therein if the Realme in those dayes was brought in such an order and that iustice then was so well ministred when the king him selfe was so vigilant in ouerseeing the doings of his iudges and officers Whereof thus also we read in the saide author testified Iudiciorum a suis hominibus factorum inquisitor perperam actorum asperrimus corrector 1. he was sayeth mine author speaking of the king a vigilant inquisitor of the doings of his iudges and a strict punisher of theyr misdoinges Iornalensis also wryting vpon the same thus sayth Facta ministrorum suorum potissimÃ¨ iudicum diligenter inuestigauit adeo vt quos ex auaritia aut imperitia errare cognosceret ab officio remouebat that is he did diligently search out the doings of his officers especially of his iudges so that if he knewe any of them to erre eyther through couetousnes or vnskilfulnes them he remooued from their office And thus much concerning the valiant actes and noble vertues of this worthy Prince whereunto although there were no other ornameÌ„ts adioyning besides yet sufficient were they alone to set foorth a Prince worthy excellent commendation Nowe besides these other qualities gifts of Gods grace in him aboue mentioned remayneth an other part of his no litle praise commendation which is his learning and knowledge of good letters wherof he not onely was excellently expert hym selfe but also a worthy mainteiner of the same through al his dominioÌ„s where before no vse of Grammer or other sciences was practised in this Realme especially about the Westparts of the laÌ„d there through the industrie of this king schooles began to be erected and studyes to florish Although amoÌ„g the Britaynes in the towne of Chester in Southwales loÌ„g before that in kyng Arthurs tyme as Galfridus writeth both Grammer and Philosophy with other tongues was theÌ„ taught After that some writers record that in the tyme of Egbert kyng of Kent this Ilande began to florishe with Philosophy About which tyme some also thinke that the Uniuersitie of GrauÌ„techester neare to that which nowe is called Cambrige began to be founded by Bede following this coniecture therein for that Alcuinus before meÌ„tioned which after went to Rome from thence to Fraunce in the tyme of Charles the great where he first began the Uniuersitie of Paris was first traded vp in the exercise of studies at the same schoole of GrauÌ„techester Beda Lib. 111. cap. 18. writing also of Sigebert king of Eastangles declareth how the sayd Sigebert returning out of Fraunce into England according to the examples whiche hee did there see ordered and disposed schooles of learning through the meanes of Felix then Bishop and placed in them maisters and teachers after the vse and maner of the Cantuarites And yet before these times moreouer is thought to be two schooles or vniuersities within the realme the one Grek at the town of Greglade which afterward was called Kyrklade The other for Latine whiche place was then called Latinelade afterward Letthelade neare to Oxford But howsoeuer it chaÌ„ced that the knowledge and study of good letters being once planted in this realme afterwarde went to decay yet King Alfrede deserueth no little praise for restoring or rather increasing the same After whose time they haue euersince continued albeit not continually through euery age in like perfection But this we may see what it is to haue a Prince learned him selfe who feeling and tasting the price and value of science knowledge is thereby not only the more apt to rule but also to instruct frame his subiectes from a rude barbaritie to a more ciuile congruencie of life to a better vnderstanding of thinges as we see in this famous Prince to happen CoÌ„cerning whose first education bringing vp although it was somewhat late before he entred any letter yet suche was the apt towardnesse docilitie of his nature that being a childe he had the Saxon Poemes such as were vsed then in his owne toung by hart and memory Who afterward with yeares and time grewe vp in such perfection of learning and knowledge in so much that as mine author sayeth Nullus Anglorum fuerit vel intelligendo acutior vel in interpretando elegantior The which thing in him the more was to be marueiled for that he was xij yeares of age before he knew any letter Then his mother careful and tender ouer him hauing by chance

both of faythful chastity and high prudeÌ„ce so tempering the matter that both she obtayned to her husband the kingdome and retayned to her selfe agayne her husband whom she so faythfully loued an 1186. Ex Historia manu scripta cui initium Rex Pictorum ex Bibliotheca Cariensi mutuata As I haue hetherto described the publick acts of king Henry so now I meane to touch something of his priuat conditions He was of meane stature eloquent and learned manly and bolde in chiualry Fearefull of the mutability and chaunce of warre more lamenting the death of his souldiars dead theÌ„ louing them aliue none more curteous liberall for the obtayning of his purpose in peace and tranquility none more roughter stubberne agaynst the stubberne sometimes mercifull to those whom he had vanquished straight to his householde seruauntes but liberall to strauÌ„gers publickly of publick thinges liberall sparing of his owne whom once he tooke a displeasure agaynst hardly or neuer would he receiue agayne to fauor somewhat lauash of his tongue a willing breaker of hys promise a louer of his ease but an oppressor of his nobility a seuere reuenger and furtherer of iustice variable of word and crafty in his talke an open adulterer a nourisher of discord amongst his children Moreouer the Papistes bearing him for Thomas Beckets quarell such like as may be gathered no good will terme him to be an aduersary of the sayth the maule and beetle of the church Also in the Chronicle intituled Scala mundi I finde of him that he followeth the steppes maners and conditioÌ„s of Henry the first his grauÌ„dfather in euery poynt He preserued firme peace executed straight iustice through all his dominions He loued marueilous well his forrest agayne those that were transgressors either to his crown or person he most seuerely punished Moreouer in a certayne history intituled De regibus Angliae I finde that this king was sondry times admonished to reforme and ameÌ„d his life And first by one that was an olde man at the castle of Cardâ—f in Wales at that time of the yeare called Dominica in albis the eight day after Easter Where also after that he had heard masse and was going to take his horse there stood a certayne man by him somewhat yelowish his heare being rounded leaue and illfauoured hauing on a white coat and being barefoote looked vpon the king and spake in this wise good olde king That done thus he proceedeth The king saluteth you and his blessed mother Iohn Baptist Peter straightly charging you that vpon the Sundayes throughout all your dominions there be no buying selling or other seruile businesse those onely except which appertayne to the preparation of meat and drinke which thing if thou shalt obserue whatsoeuer thou takest in haÌ„d thou shalt happely finish and bring to passe Then spake the king in French to the knight that held his horse by the bridle Aske of this chourle whether he dreamed this or not And in the meane while that the knight should haue interpreted the kinges wordes and message he spake before and said Whether this be a dreame or not mark wel what day this is for vnlesse that thou do these things and amend thy life such newes shalt thou heare within these 12. monethes that will make thee lament and mourne till thy dying day And when these wordes were spoken the man vanished out of his sight And within one yeare next after Henry Bawfride and Richard his sonnes for sooke him their father and took part with the French king The king of Scottes the Earle of Chester and Earle of Leciter made an insurrection agaynst the king Many other premonitions were geuen also to the king but all these did he little esteme The second which did admonish him was a certayne Irish man geuing him certayne secret signes And thirdly a certayne knight of Fyndesey named Phillip de Easterby sayling with him ouer into Fraunce declared vnto the king in Normandy seuen articles which he should amend Which thing if he wold do he should raigne seueÌ„ yeares most honorably and should take the holy crosse from his enemies or els he in the fourth yeare should dye in great ignominye The 3. first thinges were these which he at his coronation sware to obserue that is to defend the Church to mayntayne good lawes and to condemne no man to death without iudgement The fourth was for the restoring of inheritauÌ„ce wrongfully takeÌ„ The fift was in doing iustice without reward The sixt was of ministers officers wages and stipeÌ„des The seuenth was of expelling the Iewes leauing them some money to depart withal But the king not ameÌ„ding his life there rose vp agaynst him 3. strong enemies that is to say his three sonnes with the Frenchking But after that the king forsooth had gone a pilgrimage to the Martys tombe barfoote William the king of Scots the Earles of Chester and Lecester were taken at Alnewick In the 35. yeare of his raigne being in the Castle of Chiuen in Normandy he dyed at whose death those that were preseÌ„t were so greedy of the spoyle that they left the body of the king naked and not so much could be fouÌ„d as a cloth to couer it till that a Page comming in and seing the king so ignominiously to lye threw his cloke vpoÌ„ his nether partes wherein sayth the author was verified the surname which from his youth he bare being called HeÌ„ry court Mantill Â¶ King Richard IN this yeare of the Lord aboue recited which was 1189. King Richard the eldest sonne of Henry 2. succeeding his Father entred his crowne at which time Pope Clement sate at Rome succeeding after Gregory which dyed a litle before with sorrow for the losse of the holy crosse During the time of whose coronatioÌ„ it befell that not withstanding the king the day before his coronation and by publicke edict commaunded both the Iewes and their wiues not to presume either to enter the church or els his pallace during the solemnization of his coronation amoÌ„gest his nobles and Barons yet whilest the king was at dinner the chiefetayne of the Iewes with diuers other of his Iewish affinity and supersticious sect agaynst the kings prohibition together with other prease entred the court gates Wherat a christian man being offeÌ„ded stroke one of them with his hand or fist bad him stand further from the court gate as the king had geuen in commaundement whose example others also following being displeased agaynst the Iewes offered them the like contuinely Other also supposing that the king had so coÌ„maunded in deed as vsing the authority of the king fel vpoÌ„ all the Iewes that stood by without the court gate And first they bet them with theyr fistes but afterward they tooke vp stones and such other thinges as they could get and threw at them and bet them therewith And thus driuing them from the court gates some of them they wounded

author came afterward to passe and were testified of the same Honorius being pope afterward in his publike sermons at Rome All which I graunt may be and yet notwtstanding this fabulous narration may be a piece of the popes old practises subtilly inuented to driue men forth to IerusaleÌ„ to fight c. Againe after Honorius when he had gouerned x. yeres followed Gregorius the ix Whiche two popes were in the tyme of this king Henry 3. and of Fredericke the Emperour of whome we mynde Christ willing farther to touch after that we shall haue prosecuted more concerning the histoâ—â— of kyng Henry and matters of England After that it so pleased the mercifull prouidence of almighty God to worke this great mercy vpon the stock of K. Iohn which notwithstanding the vnkinde prelates with their false prophetes had declared before that neuer none should succeed in the throne after that K. and also vnto the whole common wealth of the realme in deliuering them froÌ„ the daÌ„gerous seruice of Ludouike the foresayd FreÌ„ch men After their departure the next yeare following anno 1218. which was the third of this kyngs raigne the Archbyshop S. Lancton and the bishops Erles and Barons resorted to LondoÌ„ vnto the kyng at Michaelmas next following and there held a great parliament wherein were confirmed and grauÌ„ted by the king all yâ— franchises which were made geueÌ„ by K. Iohn his father at Ronemedow and them he confirmed and ratified by his charter whiche long tyme after sayth my author vnto hys dayes did continue and were holden in England For the which cause by the nobles and the commons was geuen grauÌ„ted agayn vnto the K. ij shillinges for euery plow laÌ„d through England And Hubert of Burgh was made chiefe Iustice of Englad of whose troubles more is to be said hereafter And this was the third yeare of K. Henry and 50. yeare after the death of Tho. Becket wherefore the said Becket the same yeare or next following was takeÌ„ vp and shryned for a new S. made of an old rebell Thether came such resort of people of England and of Fraunce that the country of Kent was not sufficient to sustaine them Ex histor De Scales About the same tyme Isabell the kinges mother was maryed to the Earle of March. And William Marshall the good Erle dyed whiche was the gouernour of that king and the realme not without great lamentation of the people of England Then was the king committed to the gouernment of Peter B. of Winchester This noble Erle left behinde him v. sonnes and v. daughters The yere next insuing an 1219. It was ordeined and proclaimed through all the laÌ„d that all aliens foreiners should depart the realme and not to return to the same agayn onely such excepted as vsed trafick or trade of marchaundise vnder the kings safe conduct This proclamation was thought chiefly to be set forth for the cause to auoid out of the land Faukes de Breute Phillip de Markes Engelardus de Ciconia William Erle Albemarke Robert de veteri ponte Brihenne de insula Hugo de Bailluel Robert de Gaugi with diuers other straungers mo which kept castles and holdes of the kinges agaynst his will Of whom the foresayd Faukes was the principal who fortefied held the castle of bedford which he had by that gift of K. Iohn with might and strength against the K. and his power nere the space of 3. monthes Moreouer he went about to apprehend the kings iustices at Dunstable but they being warned therof escaped all except Henry Braibrocke whom he imprisoned in the said castle The K. hearing therof coÌ„sulting with his clergy and nobles made his power against the same Which after long siege and some slaughter at length he obteined it hanged almost all that were within to the nuÌ„ber of 97 which was as Parisiens writeth about the 7. or 8. yere of his raigne Faukes the same time was in wales who hearing of the taking of the castle conueyed himselfe to the church of CoueÌ„try At length submitting himselfe to the kings mercy vpon consideration of his seruice done before to the kings father was committed to the custody of Eustace bishop of London and afterward being depriued of all his goods possessions tenements within the realme was forced to perpetuall banishment neuer to returne to England agayne Here by the way I finde it noted in Parisiens that after this foresayd Faukes had spoyled and rased the church of S. Paule in Bedford for the building vp of his Castle the Abbase of Heluestue hearing thereof caused the sword to be taken from the Image of S. Paule standing in the Church so long as he remayned vnpunished Afterward she hearing him to be coÌ„mitted to the custody of S. Paule in LondoÌ„ caused the sword to be put into the hands of the Image agayne Mat. Parisiens in vita Henr. 3. About this yeare the young king the second time was crowned agayne at Westminster about which time begaÌ„ the new building of our Ladye Churche at Westminster Shortly after Gualo the Legate was called home againe to Kome For the holy Father as Math. Pariens reporteth being sicke of a spiritual dropsie thought this Gualo hauing so large occupying in england to be able somewhat to cure his disease And so that Legate returned with all hys bagges well stuffed leauing Pandulphe behynde hâ—m to supply that Baliwike of hys great graundfather the Pope The lyfe and Actes of pope Innocentius the 3. are partly described before how he intruded StepheÌ„ LanghtoÌ„ against the kings wil into the archbishopricke of Canterbury stirring vp also 64. Monkes of the same Church of Canterbury priuily to work agaynst the king Moreouer how he did excommunicate the sayd kyng as a publike enemy of the Church so long as the sayd King withstoode his tirannical doyngs putting hym and his whole kingdome vnder interdiction for the space of 5. yeares and 3. monthes And at length deposed and depriued hym from hys scepter keeping it in his owne handes for v. dayes Now he absolued hys subiectes from their due obedience subiectioÌ„ vnto hym Now he gaue away his kingdoÌ„es possessions vnto Lewes the Frenche kyngs sonne commaunding the sayd Lewes to spoyle hym both of landes lyfe Whereupon the K. being forsakeÌ„ of hys nobles prelates commons was enforced agaynst hys will to submit himself and sware obedience vnto the P. paying vnto him a yearely tribute of a M. markes by yeare for receauing hys kyngdome agayne wherby both he his succescessors after him were vassals afterward vnto the P. And these were the Apostolicall actes of this holy Vicar in the realme of England Moreouer he condemned Almericus a worthy learned man a byshop for an hereticke for teaching holding agaynst images Also he condemned the doctrine of Ioachim Abbas whoÌ„ we spake of before for heritical This pope brought first into the church the paying

nowe confirmed in his seat came to the King complaining of Hubert the Lord chief Iustice oft mentioned before for withholding him from the castle and towne of Tunebrydge with the appurtenance to the same belonging and other landes of the Earle of Clare late deceased which landes appertained to the right of his seat to the church of Cant. for the which the said Earle with his aunceters were bound to do homage to him and to his predecessors and therfore required the keping of the foresaid castle with the demaines therof to be restored vnto him To this the king answered againe that the sayd Erle did hold of hym in Capite and that the Castles being vacaunt of Earles and Barons with theyr heyres did belong to hys crowne till the lawfull age of the sayd heires The Archb. when he could get no other answer of the king did excommunicate all such as inuaded the foresaid possessions wyth all other that tooke their parte the king onely excepted Which done eftsoones speedeth himselfe to Rome there to prosecute his sute before the pope The king hearing therof not long after sendeth vp maister Roger Cantelu wyth certaine other messengers to Rome against the Archb. Thus Richard the Archb. comming before the Popes presence beginneth first to complaine of his king for that he committed all the affaires of the realme to the disposition and gouernement of Hubert his iustice vsing only his counsaile all his other nobles despised Against the sayde iustice moreouer he complained laying to his charge First that he had maried a wife being the kinswomaÌ„ of her whom he had maried before also that the said Hubert the iustice did inuade hold and wrongfully deteine such possessions as belonged to the see Church of Canterburie Â¶ As touching the wife of this Hubert heere is to be noted that he maried the elder sister of the king of Scottes which semeth could be of no great kinne to her whome hee maried before Farther he complained of certaine Bishops his Suffraganes who neglecting their pastorall function did sit on Checker matters belonging to the King and exercised sessions and iudgements of bloud Ouer and besides he complained of beneficed persons and clerks within orders for hauing many benefices ioyned with cure of soule And that they also taking example of the Bishops did intermeddle in secular matters and in iudgements of lay men Of these and such other defaults he required redresse to be had The Pope weying and considering the cause of the Archb. to stand vpon right reason at least wise seeming so to his purpose commaunded incontinent his petitions and requests to be dispatched according to iustice Against these complaints of the Archbishop the kings atturneis alledged and defended in as much fauour of the king as they might but coulde doe no good Such fauour found the archbishop in the popes sight being as the story reporteth of a comely personage of an eloqueÌ„t tonge that he obtained whatsoeuer he asked Thus the Archbyshop with all fauourable speede being dispatched at Rome after his owne will and desire returned homewarde who in his iourney within 3. daies of his setting forth departed in the house of the gray Friers at S. Gemmes and so hys cause departed with him who winning his sute lost hys life for whome it had bene better I suppose to haue taried at home And here of him and end with all his complaintes also Ex Paris After the death of this Richarde the monkes of Cant. according to the manner addresse them selues to a newe election at which was chosen Radulfe Neuill Byshop of Chichester who was the kinges Chauncelor much commended in stories to be a man faithfull vpright and constant which from the way of iustice declined neither to the right hand nor to the left But vpright and sincere both in word and deede This Rauffe thus chosen of the monks was presented to the king to be their Archbishop wherewith the king was right well contented and glad also of this election and foorthwith inuested him for Archbyshop of the Church of Canterb. But this inuesting of the King was not inough vnles he should also be confirmed by the pope Wherefore the Monkes ready to take their iourney vnto Rome came to the newe Archb. requiring hys helpe for their expenses by the way and to know what seruice he would commaunde them to the Court of Rome But hee fearing in his mind the same not to be without some scruple of sunonie ambition said he would not geue an halfpenie and holding vp his handes to heauen thus prayed saying O Lorde God if I shall be thought worthy to be called although in deede vnworthy to the seat office of this church so be it as thou shalt dispose it But if otherwise in this troublesom office of Chancerie and this my inferior ministerie whereunto I haue bene assigned I shall seme more necessary for this thy kingdome and people I refuse not my labour thy will be done The monks beholding the constancie of the man notwtstanding they had of him no money yet refused not their trauail and iourny to Rome to haue their election confirmed by the Popes authoritie The Pope inquiring of Simon Langhton brother of Stephen Langhton Archb. of Cant. before mentioned of the person of this man it was reported againe to him by the sayde Simon maliciously deprauing the good man behind his backe declaring to the Pope that he was a courtier vnlearned hasty and feruent in his doings and such one who if he should be promoted to that dignitie would go about with the help of the king and of the whole realme to remooue and bring the realme of England from vnder the yoke of the Pope and of the Churche of Rome And so to bereeue the See of Rome of the tribute vnder which king Iohn had once subiected himselfe and his realme at what time he yelded his crown to the handes of Pandolfus the Legate c. with these and such other words Simon Langhton falsly and maliciously depraued the godly bishop The pope hearing with one care crediting what he heard wtout farther inquisition made of the other party accused sendeth incontinent to the monks of Cant. to procede in a new election and to chuse them an other Arch. such as were an wholesome pastour of soules profitable to the church of England deuout to the church of Rome And thus was the lawfull election of thys good Archb. made frustrate too good peraduenture to serue in that place whereunto he was elected After the repulse of thys Radulphe the Caunterburie Monkes entring a new election agreed vpon Iohn their prior to be their Metropolitane Who going vp to Rome to haue his election confirmed by the Pope was 3. dayes together examined of the cardinals And when they could finde no insufficiency in him touching these things wherin they tried him yet notwithstanding the pope finding a fault with

any decrees or statutes shal hereafter be made and set forth contrary to these foresaid articles the same to stand voyd and of no effect for euer Besides these articles also in the same compositioÌ„ was conteined that all grudge and displeasure betwene the king and the Barons for not going to Flaunders ceasing the Earles and BaroÌ„s might be assured to be receiued againe into the kings fauor These things thus agreed vpon and by mediation of the Prince also confirmed and sealed with the kings seale his father so was all the variance pacified to the great comfort of the people and no lesse strength of the Realme agaynst theyr enemies And most chiefly to the commeÌ„dation of the gentle and wise nature of the king Who as he was gentle in promising his reconcilement with his subiectes so no lesse constant was he in keeping that which he had promised After the death of Iohn Peckham Archb. of Canterbury aboue mentioned who in the Parliament had resisted the king in the right of certayne liberties perteing to the crowne touching patronages and such Church matters succeeded Robert Winchelsei with whom also the king had like variance and accused him to the Pope for breaking the peace and tooke part with them that rebelled agaynst the king about vsages and liberties of the Realme Wherefore the king being cited vp to the court of Rome was there suspended by the meanes of the said Archb. directed his letters agayne to the Pope taken out of the parliament rolles where I finde diuers letters of the king to P. Clement agaynst the sayde Robert Archbishop of Canterbury the contentes wherof here followeth videlicet qualiter idem And as this king was troubled in his time with both the Archbishoppes Iohn Peckham and also Rober Winchelsey so it happened to all other kinges for the most part from the time of Lancfrancus that is from Pope Hildebrand that euery king in his time had some busines or other with that see As William Rufus and Henry the first were troubled with Anselmus HeÌ„ry the second with Thomas Becket King Richard and all England wyth William Bishop of Elye the Popes Legate King Iohn with StepheÌ„ Langthon King Henry the third with Edmund Archbishop called S. EdmuÌ„d Polic. lib. 7. Likewise this king Edward the first with Iohn Peckham Robert Winchelsey aforesayd And so other kinges after him with some Prelate or other whereby ye haue to vnderstand how about what time the church of Rome which before time was subiect to kings and Princes began first to take head aboue and agaynst kings and rulers and so haue kept it euer since By this Iohn Peckam afore mentioned was ordayned that no spiritual minister should haue any mo benefices then one which also was decreed by the constitutions of Octo and Octobonus the popes Legats the same time in England About the beginning of this kinges reigne after the decease of of Walter Archbishop of Yorke William Wicewanger succeeding in that sea minding to go on visitatioÌ„ came to Duresme to visit the Church and Chapter there But the clergy and the people of the City shoote the gates agaynst him and kept him out wherupon rose no smal disturbance The Archb. let flie his curse of excommunicatioÌ„ and interdiction agaynst them The Bishop of Duresme agayne with his clergy despised all his cursinges grounding themselues vpon the constitution of Innocentius the fourth De censibus ex actionibus And so they appealed to Rome saying that he ought not to be receiued there before he had first begon to visit his owne Chapter dioces which he had not done For to say the wordes of the constitutions We ordayne and decree that euery Archbishop that will visite his prouince first must procure to visit hys owne Church City and Dioces c. Among other thinges in this king to be noted that is not to be passed ouer that where complaynt was made to him of his officers as Iustices Maiors Shiriffes Bailiffes Excheters and such other who in their offices abusing themselues extortioned and oppressed the kinges liege people otherwise then was according to the right conscience the sayd king not suffering such misorder to be vnpunished did appoint certain officers or inquisitors to the number of 12. which inquisitioÌ„ was called TraibastoÌ„ or Trailbastoun by meane of which inquisition diners false officers were accused such as were offenders were either remoued from their place or forced to buye agayne their office at the kinges hand to their no small losse and great gayne to the king and much profite to the common wealth In the Chronicle of Robert Amesbury it is recorded of the sayd king that he being at Amesbury to see his mother who was then in that monastery professed there was a certayn man that fained himselfe blind a long time brought to the presence of the sayd Alinore the kinges mother saying how that he had his sight agayne restored at yâ— tombe of king Henry her late husband in so much that she was easely perswaded in the miracle to be very true But king Edward her sonne knowing the man a loÌ„g time to be a vile dissembler and a wicked persoÌ„ vsed to lying and crafty deceiuing disswaded his mother not to geue credite to the vile vagabon declaring that he knew so well of the iustice of his father that if he were aliue he would twise rather pluck out both his eies then once restore him one Notwithstanding the Queene the mother remayning stil in the former fond perswasion would heare or beleue nothing to the contrary but was so in anger with her sonne that she bid him depart his chamber and so he did By the example whereof may easely be conceiued how and after what sort these blinde myracles in those dayes and since haue come vp amoÌ„g the blinde superstitious people For had not the king here bene wiser thaÌ„ the mother no doubt but this would haue bene roong a miracle percase king Henry bene made a Saint But as this was fayned a miracle and false no doubt so in the same author we read of an other maner of miracle sounding more neare the trueth and so much the more likely for that it serued to the conuersion vnto Christian fayth to which vse properly all true myracles do appertayne The myracle was this In the raigne of this king and the latter yere of his raigne Cassanus king of the Tartarians of whome commeth these whome now we call Turkes which fighting agaynst the Souldan king of the Saracens in the plain of Damascus slew of them 100000. of Saracens and agayne at Babilon fighting with the sayd Souldain slew him in the field 200000. of his Saracens calling vpon the helpe of Christ and therupon became ChristiaÌ„ This Cassanus I say had a brother a Pagane who being in loue with the daughter of the king of Armenia a Christian woman

seÌ„ding out their monition of excommunication against theÌ„ that stand bound concerning the same contractes 6. Item the Byshoppes and Prelates decree prouinciall couÌ„cels and Sinodall Statuts enacting ordering therin many thinges to the high great preiudice of the temporall iurisdiction wherin they ought to haue no cognitioÌ„ at all neither to intermeddle themselues therwith 7. Item the foresayd Officials take vpon theÌ„ before Notaries to sweare persons for performance of contractes bargaynes made by them in places vnder the iurisdiction temporal concerning the sale of inheritance or otherwise incroching thereby vpon their iurisdiction when verelye they haue nothing to do with any contracts and obligations but with such as are made and agreed vpon within the compasse of their owne seat and iurisdiction 8. Item the sayd Officials of ther meere office call before them the laity to aunswere to such matters of correctioÌ„ as shal be layd to theyr charge the cognition where of as they say doth appertayn vnto them And when the sayd persoÌ„s do appeare before them deny the crime obiected against them the Officials deteyne them and put them in prison although in such cases they are to be released and that imprisonment appertaineth onely to the temporall power not to them 9. Item in the cases aforesayd although by making of their purgations and other the proces therein they be fouÌ„d cleare of that which is layd to theyr charge and are acquitted these yet the said officials will in no wise discharge and dismisse theÌ„ before they haue to the vttermost payd for the writings and proces in that behalfe a good piece of mony when by law it ought to be done gratis and for nothing 10. Item it must not be forgotten to talke of the senteÌ„ce of excoÌ„munication which is decreed by vertue of one only citation so often times as a man sayleth in his appearance 11. Item mentioÌ„ is to be made of those kinde of obligatioÌ„s De nisi whereby a man is excommunicated by and by if he make not payment at the day prefixed although he be not able so to do 12. Item whosoeuer by vertue of excommunicatioÌ„ in the Bishops court is excommunicate and he â—â— excoÌ„municate do not satisfy the summe due about the excommunication by by the summ is doubled And the secular power charged by the bishops or their officials that they vnder paine of excoÌ„mmunication compell the excoÌ„municate by attaching their goods to pay the sayd summe and not to misse a iote which monitioÌ„ if the layry refuseth to put in executioÌ„ they themselues are then excommunicate in no wise to be absolued before they disburse that mony the which the principall excommunicate person should haue payd 13. Item if the Balifes Hedborowes or other the kings officers and iudges of the temporaltye receiuing the foresayd monitions do put the same in execution finde those that be excoÌ„municate to be beggerlye and nothing worth the sayd officers are bound at their owne proper costs and charges to resort to the Bishops sea or consistory where soeuer it is there to take a corporall oath that the partyes excoÌ„municate are nothing worth This if they fayle those officers are sure to be excommunicate and therby inforced to disburse the due of the first excommunicate persons 14. IteÌ„ if two lay men be in sute together before a temporall iudge about an action either reall or personall one of theÌ„ after contestation of law and great proces therin do appeale vnto an ecclesiasticall iudge he will presume then to deteine before him the plea of such cases actions both reall personal causing by vertue of his monitions authority the temporall iudge to cease leaue of from medling therein which if the secular iudge obeyeth not he is pronounced excommunicate compelled to make satisfaction by occasions wherof the teÌ„poral iurisdiction is much annoyed and cleane loseth the prerogatiue thereof because by law no man may appeale from a spirituall iudge to the temporall law 15. Item if a lay man inhabiter of any the kings townes procureth his debter being also a lay man to be arested by vertue of secular iustice in that place he which is so arrested appealeth causeth also his creditor to be arrested the officials will take vpoÌ„ them to heare this matter And if any thing be atteÌ„pted concerning the appeale they misse not to demauÌ„d cost and satisfaction both of the iustice and also of him to whom the arrest was made And if any of the Princes retinne compelleth them to resist this iniury they are straight wayes pronounced excommunicate 16. Item if the sayd Bishops haue a number of Officials vnder them whom they terme Deanes of the clergy which vsually causeth all sorts of people through the kinges dominions onely by word of mouth to come afore theÌ„ that sometime without commissioÌ„ when that in euery Dioces there ought onely to be but one seat or Consistory wherâ—â— matters should be heard and decided And hereby it hapneth diuers times that many are wrongfully without cause cited to the end that they may pay mony enough to rid themselues thereof which is to the no small preiudice of the Kinges Maiestyes subiectes and the temporall iurisdiction 17. Item the sayd rulers of the clerks sealeth vp the houses of their clergy which are situate in the kinges townes and other of his noble mens villagyes to the preindice of the kinges maiestyes iurisdiction other of his nobility for that in such kinde of places the Bishops haue no suche kinde of iurisdiction 18. Item the sayd Prelates or their officials doe presume to seale vp the moueable goods of maryed Clerkes and of marchaunts where in such cases the order thereof apperteineth to the temporall law 19. Item they compel the laity to put in surety to answere clerkes before them in the spirituall court yea and chiefly the kinges owne seruitures 20. Item they presume to heare and haue the cognition of actions which are reall or at leastwise mixt that is both reall and personall 21. Item the sayd prelates go about to haue cognition of such temporall mens matters as dwel in hospitals almes houses the kings peculiars and in villagies of his subiectes although the plea thereof apperteineth to the King himselfe and his subiects forbidding vnder payne of excoÌ„munication great forfeits no man so hardy to commeÌ„ce any sute agaynst any of them but before theÌ„selues in pain of a great summe of mony 22. Item to the end the Clergye and Ecclesiasticall rule should be multiplied they conferre a number of Tonsures to children vnder age some of them being sonnes of bondmen other some bastardes borne yea and to many more maried folkes insufficient vnable and vnlearned 23. Item they do cause by the gouernors of their clerkes widow women to be inforced defiled and will haue the discussing therof as in like maner they will determine the matters

of Pupilles applying their goods wheÌ„ they died as they do the goodes of them which dye intestate to theyr owne vse the cognition wherof belongeth to the king him selfe because those kinde of persons with their goods are ward to the kind and vnder his tuition 24. Item they procure through the sayd Deanes of the clergy of malice temporall men of the kings dominioÌ„s or other where without all order of law to be apprehended obiecting agaynst them that they haue strayed from some article of christian fayth therewith shut them vp when that theyr imprisonment appertaineth to the king while they be conuicted therof 25. Item they exercise their iurisdiction in all places hauing no regard neither to the kings peculiar townes nor yet to his subiects but runneth in euery hole wheÌ„ by law they ought to haue no iurisdiction without their owne limits and precinct 26. Item when these Prelates or their officials by vertue of their monitions do charge the kinges officers his iustices to execute any thing if they doe not performe that which is prescribed vnto them the forfet which the monition conteyneth is taken yea and excommunication denounced And this is a new inuention sprong vp of late amongst them much to the preiudice of the King and his subiectes 27. Item when the Bishops or their oâ—â—rals do prosecute a matter of office before themselues against any temporall man and haue no proofe therof They compell many of the laity to be deposed therin what they know hauing no respect whether they be the kinges burgesses or no or what they be and yet will they not allow any charges expeÌ„ses for their paynes taken in that behalfe But if they appeare not at theyr day they are sure to be excommunicate 28. Item if malefactours be apprehended by any of the kinges iustices and indicted of thest and he whose goods they were which were stollen commeth before the kyngs Sheriffes and proueth theÌ„ to be his and therfore the matter to be ordered by theÌ„ if afterward the Bishops or theyr officiall affirme the sayd selon or malefactor to be a Clerke they will by vertue of their decrees or monitions compell the Kinges Sheriffes to restore and bring in the stollen goodes and if they doe it not they are pronounced excommunicated 29. Item if it happeÌ„ the kings Shiriffe or Baylife to take an offender for his defence and he affirmeth himselfe to be a clerke although he neuer tooke any kinde of tonsures or orders wearing no habite apertaining thereunto Yet the Bishops or their Officials will cause the detayners of theÌ„ by their censures to deliuer vnto them the sayd malefactor as their clerke 30. Item if it happen the kinges Shiriffe or other his iustices to take a theefe or murderer which beareth a clerkes mark and tonsure and therfore deliuereth him to the clergy to be ordered It shall not be long before he be acquited by them although he afterward recognise his fact yea notwithstanding his felowes and parteners of that offeÌ„ce being mere temporall receiued iustice for the same and appeacheth him therof And so the like malefactors to be incouraged therby to commit after the like 31. Item if any complayneth and sayth that he is spoyled by and by the Officials will decree a monitioÌ„ agaynst the spoyler by vertue whereof some one of the Deanes of the clergy shall monish him to restore the thinges comprised in the monition also minister to him an oath whether he hath not spoyled the plaintife of such thinges as he sayth he was spoyled of But if he refuse to take an oath before him then the Deane will straightwayes seale vp the monition excommunicate him and by no meanes shal be absolued before he restore and satisfy the contents in the monition wherof the playntif sayd first he was spoyled of 32. Item if any for his offence be cast into prison by the secular power although at the time of his taking he were teÌ„porall habite and was in no orders but all the dayes of his life liued like a temporall man yet if he shall auouch vow himselfe to be a clerke to the intent to haue more expedition at the clergyes hands and to escape vnpunished The clergy wil incontinent geue to the laity in commauÌ„dement to restore vnto them the malefactor or els suspeÌ„sion to be denouÌ„ced throughout the whole township where the said malefactor shal be so imprisoned And for auoiding the ieopardy which might arise of the sayd seasement the secular iudge of necessity is compelled to deliuer them the offeÌ„der to the great preiudice of the kings temporall iurisdiction to whom the cognition thereof might appertaine in case of resort and prerogatiue 33. Item when any offender is deliuered by the temporal Magistrates to the clergy as their clerke his frendes wil make sute to the Bishops Officials for him and compouÌ„d with them by reason wherof they demisse them vnpunished and so doe worse and worse although theyr fact was neuer so notorious 34. IteÌ„ so soone as any maryed clerke being a marchant or of whatsoeuer other science he be of for any his offence by him committed is called before he secular iudge The sayd clerk obtayneth of the Officials a monition bringing with them some priest who doth inhibit the secular iudge vnder payne of 100. or 200. Markes yea and of excommunication to not to proceede farther nor to meddle in such causes and not to molest such parties neither in body nor in goods But if the iudges obey not they shall be suspended froÌ„ hearing of Masse in that place although the matter concerneth the fact of marchaundise 35. Item the sayd Officials graunt citations without nuÌ„ber agaynst the laity in cases of warranties personally to ascite before theÌ„ persons vnknown But if they be known it is contained in the citation that in no wise and that vnder a great payn he cause his aduersary to be called before a secular iudge during the returne of the citation 36. Item when one is excommunicated in any place the Officials graunt out personall citations agaynst them which do perticipate and are conuersant with the excommunicate causing a whole country by the space of 8. miles about to be cited together And further the frendes and acquaintaunce of the party so excommunicate sometime by 40. somtime 60. yea and sometime by 100. at once are compelled to make theyr purgation before them that they doe not participate nor keepe company with their frendes the excommunicates Wherby ensueth that many honest olde and auncient men for auoyding of troubles and expenses do pay some 12. d. some 2. s. By occasion wherof many vines are vnlooked to much ground vntilled yea and many good men constrayned to lay the key vnder the doore and runne away 37. Item the sayd Officials doe burden many persons of good name and fame to be vsurers whereby they are constrained to agree with them for auoiding the infamy that thereby might ensue

the church with very good reason doth receiue And that to the great merite both of the geuer and offerer as it appeareth of Constantine and others In the which foresayd 1. cap. the reason of diuersity is well proued For that the Apostles did foresee that the Church should be among Gentiles and not onely to be in Iuda c. And further at the beginning Christ and his Apostles were wholy bent and geuen to our health saluation crudition litle sticking or standing vpoÌ„ the exercise of euery churches iurisdiction hauing regard to that which is written in the 6. chapter to the Corinthians All thinges are lawfull vnto men but all things are not expedient And likewise in the 8. chapter of Ecclesiastes it is read that euerye thing hath his time But now through the grace of God the whole people of the realme of Fraunce haue submitted themselues to the christian fayth worthely therefore the Church is occupyed about ministring of Iustice and punishing of vice For peace shal be the work of Iustice Esay the 33. chap. And in these iudgements this onely is to be considered that the life of man be reformed c. Thus you see how this our conclusion somewhat is confirmed by the Scriptures Now will I proue it by naturall law reason first after this maner He seemeth most fittest to play a good iudges part which followeth nerest God For properly God is the ruler and directer of al iudgements who sayth Prouerb capite octauo By me the law maker shall decree iustice and iust thinges But Ecclesiasticall persons follow next to God and be neerest him For that they be elected of God into a peculiar people Whereof it is sayd 1. Peter 2. you are a chosen generation a royall priesthood a holy nation and a peculiar people that you should shew the vertues of him that called you c. Ergo it is most fittest that persons Ecclesiasticall and churchmen should iudge of such matters Moreouer none doubteth but that the correction and punishment of sinne belongeth to ecclesiasticall persons wherfore wheÌ„ such things be not committed without sinne offence of the one party it is euident that the Church may haue cognition thereof Also who so hath power to iudge of the end hath also power to iudge of thinges ordeined to the end for the consideration of the thinges ordeined to the end riseth of the end When therefore the body is ordeined for the life and soule and teÌ„porall thinges for spirituall as to the end The Church which doth iudge of spirituall things may in like maner lawfully iudge of teÌ„porall things All which is sufficiently confirmed In extra c. Iudicijs Where it is sayd that the Accessarye followeth the nature of the principall which appeareth sufficiently by example For so much therfore as these two iurisdictions be compared to two lightes that is to say to the Sunne and to the Moone and all the whole clearenes and brightnesse of the Moon both in forme and vertue dependeth of the Sunne in the Sunne And that the brightnes of the Sunne is not of the Moone or in the Moone it is playne that spirituall iurisdiction which is compared to the Sunne hath it both in forme vertue the iurisdiction temporall and not contrary Many other like reasoÌ„s might be brought in But for that the time waxeth short I will omit them Thirdly I proue by the ciuill law Auth. Diffe Iud. Â¶ Si tamen ix col where it is sayd If a secular iudge be suspected let the Bishop of the Citty be ioyned vnto him But if he be negligent then let the whole iudgement be referred to the bishop In like sort Theodosius the Emperor enacted such a law that whosoeuer suter being plaintife in any kinde of matter whether at the beginning thereof or after contestation of law or when the matter came to confirmatioÌ„ or to senteÌ„ce If the plaintife had once chosen the court iurisdiction the holy sec there without all doubt though the defendant resisted and dissented the matter before the bishops other ecclesiastical Iudges should be determined and ended Which law afteward Carolus the great who was king of FrauÌ„ce confirmed in these words We will commaund that all our subiectes as well Romaines and Frenchmen as others vnder our dominion whatsoeuer be by law and custome henceforth bound and charged to keepe this for a perpetuall and prescript law That whosoeuer began or commenced a sute c. as is aboue mentioned c. 11. q. i. Quicunque c. 2. But that you may obiect and say that this law is abrogated as the glose seemeth there to touche But all will not serue For although this law is not redacted into the body of the law yet for al that it is not abrogated But surely it is a priuiledge honorably graunted to the whole vniuersall church which the Emperor cannot take away no more then any other liberty of the Church By the canoÌ„ law also this priuiledge is confirmed extra de iud c. timor Nouil and moreouer seemeth to be confirmed by the ciuill law C. de sacros Si eccl priuilegium although it be not expressely but generally named And so it is cleare by the ciuill law that such iurisdictiuÌ„ doth pertain to Ecclesiastical persoÌ„s By canon law in like maner in places infinit Dist. 22. cap. Omnes Patriarchae 2. quest 5. ca. Si quis praesbyter 11. quae 1. cap relatum 25. distinct cap. ecce Extra de iudicijs Nouit De competenti foro cap. licet With many other places infinite yea further the canon law so farre proceedeth that whosoeuer goeth about by custom to interrupt or hinder any hauing such iurisdiction encurreth sentence ipso facto of excommunicatioÌ„ as is proued cap. quoniam intelleximus de immunitate eccl li. sext Which is most playne by the notorious custome time out of mind in the dayes of the good christian Princes where to violate such custome it is playne sacriledge 11. quest 1. tit 1. c. 2. For by law custome winneth and gaineth iurisdiction especially to him that is Capax thereof yea and further custome time out of mind is amongst all persons in place of written confirmed law Now seing the church of FrauÌ„ce hath in common vsed with the temporalty to iudge decree both of actions personall and reall touching the Church it is playne that such custome winneth iurisdiction to it Ergo. c. But the Lord Peter auouched that the custome could not preuayle in this case because here lacked true dealing Besids the said law is called inprescriptible for that it is Ius fisci But this maketh nothing agaynst vs. For the Church of Fraunce rather chalengeth this law by custome then by prescription Which custom semeth rather to be brought in of the free will and election of the people frequeÌ„ting more the ecclesiasticall Consistories then the secular courts Besides this custome in that it hath bene oftentimes

also slue and killed aboue 130. Knightes being all men of great possessions and prowesse and tooke other small cities and townes to the number of 300. Yet for all thys Phillip de Ualois the french king durst neither rescue his towns nor relieue his owne men but of hys great armie hee lost which is to be marueiled at being in the midst of his own countrey by famine other inconueniences for want of water more then 20000. men without any battaile by hym geuen Whereupon at the treatie of the sayde Phillip by hys embassadours to the king sent and by the mediation of the Lady Iane sister to the sayd Philip mother to the Earle of Henault whose daughter king Edwarde as you heard had married A truce containing the number of 15. articles for one yeare was concluded the king of Englande being very vnwilling and loth therunto Yet notwythstanding partly by the instance of the foresayd Lady but specially for that the king was greatly disappoynted through the negligence of his officers in England which sent hym not ouer such mony as he neded for the continuance of hys warres and paiment of his soldiors wages the articles being somewhat reasonable he agreeth to the truce therof the coÌ„ditions of which truce there concluded heere followe vnder wrytten 1. First that during the sayde truce no tales or mistrust of either part shall be a detriment or cause of breache of the same 2. Item that during the sayd respite or truce eyther of the Princes their helpers coadiutors and allies whatsoeuer shall remaine and be in the quiete possession of all such possessions holdes territories and landes as at thys preâ—ent day they kepe and enioy within the realme and dominion of Fraunce in what maner so euer they haue atchieued the same during the sayd truce 3. Item that the sayd princes their aiders coadiutors and allies whatsoeuer shall passe safely from one country to an other and all marchants with theyr marchandise as well by sea as by land as accustomably they haue ben wont except such banished men as haue ben banished out of that sayd realmes or any of them for other causes then the warres betwene the sayd princes 4. Item that the said two princes shal not procure either by themselues or any other any practice or other molestation to be made the one to the other by the byshop of Rome or any other belonging to the holy church whatsoeuer eyther for the warres begon or any other cause nor for the seruice of any of their allies coadiutors and aiders or any of them And that our holy father the Pope nor any other shal disturbe or molest either of the sayd two kings during the sayd time 5. Item that immediatly after the truce be proclaimed in both the hostes that they may stand bound of either side to kepe and obserue al and euery such article as shal be therein contained 6. Item that wythin 20 dayes next and immediately ensuing eache of the Princes shall cause to be proclaimed in Gascoyne and Guyen and other their lands these articles of truce to the intent they may be the better obserued kept and knowne 7. Item if by any the sayd princes their allies people or coadiutours any siege be layd in Gascoyne or the Dutchy of Guyen or any other Isles of the sea Gierncley or Gersey or any other that the same sieges be raised so soone as they shall heare of thys truce 8. Item that suche as are theeues and fugitiues out of the Countrey of Flaunders shall not returne during the truce and if they do that then such as appreheÌ„d them shal see iustice done vpon them and forfaite all the goodes they haue in Flaunders 9. Item it is accorded that the debtes due to Arras Tresponois or other titles of Fraunce shal neither be demaunded nor executed during the sayd truce 10. Item that all suche prysoners as haue bene taken during these warres shal be released out of prison sent home vpon theyr faith and othe to returne if they be not raunsomed during the sayd truce And if any shal refuse so to doe that then the Lord vnder whom he is shall constraine him to returne againe to prison 11. Item that all the bandes whatsoeuer they be whyche be made before thys sayde truce in the time of warre whether they be of goods spirituall or temporall be released wtout restitucion during the sayd truce 12. Also that these conditions of truce immediately may take effect betwene the Englishmen Scots their Lords aiders and allies and the same to endure vntill the Natiuitie of S. Iohn Baptist. And that certain persons be appointed by a certaine day to be at the marches of England and Scotland to confirme the same truce vnder such coÌ„ditions as haue bene accustomed in those partes And if the said Scottes refuse so to doe that then they to haue no aide out of Fraunce during the sayd truce 13. Item that this sayd truce be proclaimed in England and in ScotlaÌ„d wythin the 26. dayes after the date therof 14. Item it is accorded that within this truce be contayned Espamels Chatellon Geneuos the Byshop and the towne of Cambrey and castels of the same c. In witnes wherof we Iohn by the grace of God king of Bohemia and Earle of Luxemburgh Adulphe Byshop of Liege Raoule Duke of Loreine Ayemes Earle of Sauoy Iohn Earle of Darminacke on the one party And B. Duke of Brabante C. Duke of Gelre D. Marques of Iuliers sir Iohn of Henault and sir Beawmount on the other party betwixt the high puissant princes of France and England Have scaled thys instrument of truce and peace and deliuered the same accordingly in the church of Espleteline on monday the 25. day of September the yere of grace 1340. This truce thus finished king Edwarde brake vp hys campe remoouing his siege from Tourney came againe to Gaunt FroÌ„ whence very early in the morning he with a small company tooke shipping and by long seas came to the tower of LoÌ„don very few or none hauing vnderstanding thereof And being greatly displeased with diuers of his counsel and high officers for that through their default he was constrained against his will not hauing money to maintaine hys warres to condescende vnto the foresayde truce he commanded to be apprehended and brought vnto him to the tower the Lorde Iohn Stonhore chiefe iustice of England and syr Iohn Poulteney with diuers others and the next morning he sent for the Lorde K. Byshop of Chichester and the Lord Wake the Lorde Treasurer diuers other such that were in authority and office and commanded them al to be kept as prisoners in the said tower onely the sayd byshop excepted whom for feare of the constitution of Pope Clement whych commaunded that no Byshop should be by the king imprisoned he set at libertie suffered him to goe his way in his place substituted sir Roger Bourcher knight

Phillip of Fraunce a truce is taken For seeing that you without our consent tooke truce with hym wee by the aduice of our Princes which know the bonds dedes and couenants betwixt vs who also thought no lesse but that sauing your honour we might do the same haue also made a league with the said Phillip king of Fraunce and for certaine causes doe reuoke and call backe the Liefetenantship which we assigned vnto you by our letters Neuerthelesse geuing you for a certaine to vnderstande that in our saide treaties and peace concluded wee haue so brotherly considered you that if you wil agree condescend vnto our counsel your cause by our meane and help shal be brought to good passe and effect About which things farther to conferre with your brotherhode herein we haue sent a deuout religious man Eliarhardus reader and brother of the Heremites of S. Augustine and Chaplaine of our Courte whome about the premisses we desire with speedy expedition to be sent to vs again Dated at Franckforde the 14 day of Iune in the 24. yeare of oure raigne and 14. of our Empire The answere of the King of England to the Emperour TO the high and mighty Prince Lorde Ludouicke by the grace of God Emperor of the Romanes alwaies Augustus Edward by the same grace king of Fraunce and England and Lord of Ireland salutation and prosperous successe We haue reuerently receined your highnes letters amongst other thinges containing that the noble Phillip de Valois to the intent a peace and concorde betweene vs and him might be concluded hath geuen vnto you by his letters ful power and authoritie thereunto at your highnesse request And that if the same might content vs to doe in like sort your highnesse woulde trauaile to bring the concorde to passe And that it would not moue vs any whit at all that your highnesse and the sayde Phillip are in league together For in so much as wee without your astent and consent you say tooke truce with the sayd Phillip you haue also done the like with him which thing you might well do sauing your honoure by the counsaile of all your Nobles and Princes and for certaine causes reuoke againe the Lieftenauntship which you committed vnto vs. Doubtlesse the zeale and good will you haue to make this concorde and agreement we much commend letting you to vnderstand that we alwayes haue bene desirous still are to haue a reasonable peace with the sayde Phillip which peace as much as to vs our honour saued appertained we haue in iustice and by law prosecuted and in very deede it should be to vs acceptable and as wee woulde wish if by such a Mediatour as your Celsitude is it might be brought to passe But forasmuch as we vnderstande the same our right and title to the kingdome of France to be manifest and cleare inough we purpose not to commit the same by any of our letters to doutfull arbitrement But while wee well consider and reuolue with our selues howe your highnesse vpon circumspect consideration manifestly beholding our iust and rightful doing and the straight dealing and obstinate purpose and iniurie of the sayd Philip with vs and in our behalfe against the said Philip your graces highnes made a special league adopting vs of your great and bountifull loue towardes our person to be one of your sonnes Wherefore thus againe to alter and breake the same wee cannot sufficiently maruell Seeing your inuincible highnes being instituted of God to the laude and commendation of good men and reuenge of euill and wicked doers hath made a league against vs with the saide Philip de Valoys our notorious and iniurious enemy And as touching that which you say without your assignement and consent wee tooke a truce or dayes of respite with the said Phillip which we ought not to haue done If your grace well consider the circumstance of the matter we haue done but as we might therein For when we laide oure siege to Tourney it was requisite we followed their aduise whose aide and societie therein we had Besides the soden and imminent necessity which we there stood in the distance of the place betwixt your highnesse and vs furthermore was suche as by that no meanes wee might attaine the same nor vse your assent therein Yea further if your grace wel remember your self your graunt vnto vs was such that whensoeuer oportunitie thereunto should serue we might entreate of any peace and graunt what time wee thought mete thereunto without your consent therin So that to conclude any finall peace with the saide Philip de Valois without either your consent or otherwise making your highnesse priuie thereunto it might not be lawfull for vs Which thing wythout your said counsaile consent and aduise we neuer minded or purposed to do But haue in all our doings done that which vs beseemed so farre as by any meanes our power would stretch hoping likewise that your brotherly beneuolence for a time would haue more louingly supported vs. It is thought also by some that the reuoking backe againe or restraint of your foresayd Liefetenantship was prematurate or done all out of time when as according to your promise made to vs herein by your letters imperiall you ought not so to haue done before the Realme and kingdome of Fraunce or at the least the greatest part thereof were of vs obtained and quietly in peaceable wise enioyed These premised therefore we desire you according to our nobilitie duely to consider and heereafter to doe that which shall be thought both meete and conuenient because that God willing we meaâ—e to recoÌ„pence and gratifie both you yours according to the measure of your beneuolence bestowed vpon vs. The almighty graunt vnto your Celfitude so much felicitie as your hart desireth Dated at London the 18. day of Iuly in the 2. yeare of the raign of our kingdom of Fraunce and of England 15. In this meane time died Pope Benedict the 12. mentioned a little before after whome succeeded in that roume Pope Clement the 6. Of whome it is reported in storyes that he was very liberall and bountiful to hys Cardinals of Rome in riching and heaping them with goods possessions not of his owne but with the Ecclesiasticall dignities and preferments of the Churches of England For so recordeth the author that he bestowed vpon his Cardinals the liuyngs and promotions suche as were or should be vacant in churches of England and weÌ„t about to set vp new titles for his Cardinals here within this realm But the kyng beyng offeÌ„ded therwith made voyd and frustrate all those foresayd prouisions of the pope chargyng moreouer and commaunding no person whatsoeuer to busy himself with any such prouisions vnder paine of prisonment lâ—syng his lyfe Which law was made the next yere folowing which was an 1344. It followed then that the said Pope Clement agayne began to make new pronisioÌ„s for two of his Cardinals of benefices and

of the kings chiualrie till at length by the occasion of the French warres it came downe to ix If a weeke By the example whereof the Frenche king being prouoked began also the like round table in Fraunce for the maintaining of the knighthoode At which tune the sayd French king moreouer gaue free libertie through his realme to fel downe trees for making of ships maintayning of his nauie whereby the Realme of Englande was not a litle damnified During the same yere the Clergie of England graunted to the king tenthes for 3. yeres for the which the king in recompence againe graunted to them his Charter containing these priuiledges that no Archbishop nor Bishop should be arreigned before his Iustices siue ad sectam suam siue partis if the sayd clarke do submit claime his cleargy professing himselfe to be a member of holy Church who so doing shall not be bound to come to his answer before the Iustices And if it shall be layd vnto them to haue maryed two wiues or to haue maried a widow the Iustices shall haue no power to proceede against them to inquire for the matter So that the cause shall be reserued to the spirituall court c. About this present time at the setting vp of the rounde table the king made Prince Edwarde his eldest sonne the first prince of Wales At this while yet continued the truce betweene the 2. kings Albeit it is likely to be thought that yâ— French king gaue many attempts to infringe the same Wherupon Henry earl of Lancaster with 600. men at armes and as many archers as were sent ouer to Gascoin yâ— yere after an 1345. who there so valiantly is said to behaue him selfe that he subdued 55. towneships vnto the king 23. noble men he toke prisoners encountring with the French men at Attebroke So curteously and liberally he dealt with his souldiors yâ— it was a ioy to them and a preferment to fight vnderneath him His maner was in winning any towne litle or nothing to reserue to himself but to sparie yâ— who le spoile to his souldiors One example in the author whom I follow is touched howe the foresaide Earle at the winning of the towne of Bryers where he had graunted to euery soldior for hys bootie the house with all the implements therein which he by victory should obtaine among other his soldiors to one named Reh fell a certaine house with the implements thereof wherein was contained the mint and mony coyned for that country to the valure of a great substance which when the soldior had found in breaking vp a house where first the grosse mettall was not yet perfectly wrought he came to the Earle declaring to him the treasure to know what was his pleasure therein To whome the Earle answered that the house was his whatsoeuer he found therein Afterwarde the souldior finding a whole mint of pure siluer ready coyned signified the same to the earle for somuch as he thought such treasure to be to great for his portion to whom the sayd Earl againe answering declared that hee had once geuen him the whole house and that he had once geuen he would not call backe againe as childreÌ„ vse to play And therfore had hym enioy that which was grauÌ„ted to him And if the mony were thrice as much it should be his owne Ex chron Albanens Which story whither it was true or otherwise in those dayes I haue not to affirm But certes if in these our couetous wretched daies nowe present any author should reporte the like acte to be practised I would hardly beleeue it to be true As the erl of Lancaster was thus occupied in Gascony the Scots were as busy here in England wasting spoyling without mercy which were thought not vnlike to be set on by yâ— French king And therfore was iudged both by that by other diuers wayes to haue broken the coutnants of truce betwene him and the king of England Wherfore yâ— next yere insuing An. 1346. king Edward first sending his letters to the court of Rome therin coÌ„plaining to the pope of Philip de Ualois how he had traÌ„sgressed and brokeÌ„ the truce betwene them made which by cuideÌ„t probations he there made manifest about the moÌ„th of Iuly made hys voyage into Normandy in suche secrete wise that no man wel knewe whether he intended Where first he entred the towne of Bogs from thence proceeded vnto Cardone Where about the 27. of Iuly by the riuer of Cardone he had a strong battel with the Normands other French men which to stop hys passage defended yâ— bridge At the which battel were taken of the Lords of France the erle of Ewe the erle of Tankeruile And of knights wyth other men of armes to the number of an 100. of foote men 600. and the towne and suburbs beaten downe to the hard wals And all that could be borne away transported to the shippes A little before mention was made how the French K. began first to infringe the truce taken and howe the Earle of Lancaster vpoÌ„ the same was sent vnto Gascony Now for the more euidence of the matter coÌ„cerning the falling of the French king from the league and other his wrongs vntrue dealing It shal better in the kings letter appeare who hearing word that the Lord Philip de Ualois contrary to the forme of truce taken at Uanes had appreheÌ„ded certaine of his nobles of Englande and had brought them to Paris to be imprisoned put to death beside other slaughters and spoilings made in Britaine Gascony and other places moe He therfore seing the truce to be broken of the French kings part being thereto of necessity compelled In the yeare aboue prefixed the 14. of the month of Iune did publish and send abroad hys letter of defiance containing thys effect The kings letters of defiance against the French king TO all and singular to whom these presents shal come publike greeting We thinke it is not vnknowen vnto you all that after the decease of Charles late king of Fraunce of famous memorie brother to our redoubted Lady mother Quene Isabel Quene of England That the crowne of Fraunce by iust inheritance hath fallen vnto vs as to the next heire male now liuing after the sayd king Nowe Phillip de Valoys being sonne but only to the vncle of the foresayde king Charles and therefore by degree of consanguinity being further of remoued from the same we being in the time of our minoritie hath violently by force and power coÌ„trary to God and iustice vsurped occupied and yet doth occupy the same inuading further and spoyling our landes in the Dukedome of Aquitania and ioyning himselfe with our rebellious ennemies the Scots seeking our subuersion both by land and by sea to the vttermost of hys endeuour And although wee to preuent the damages which might rise by warre haue offred to the sayde

with victuals Thus fare you well Written at the siege before the towne of Calis the 14 day of September After the siege and winning of Poisie the third day of September an 1346. the king through the midst of FrauÌ„ce directed his passage vnto Calis as by the tenor of this letter you heare besieged the same which siege he continued from the third of September aforesayd til the third day of August the yeare next ensuing vpon the which day it was rendered vp vnto the sayd king Edward the third and subdued vnto the crowne of England as after the Lord willing shall more appeare In the mean time during the siege of Calis Dauid the Scottish king at the request of the French king with a great army brast into the North parts of England and first besieging the towne of Lidell within sixe daies obteined the greatest part of the towne there taking all that he could find with Sir Walter Salby a valiant knight which was the keper of the hold caused him vncurteously to be put to the sword and so from thence proceeded further into England till at length being met with all by William Surthe Archbish. of Yorke and the L. Percy and the L. Neuell with other nobles of those parties calling gathering their men together in the plain nere to Durham the 17. day of October in the yere abouesayd through the gracious hand of Christ there were subdued conquered In the which conflict the Earles of Murrise and Stratheron with the flower of all the chiualry and principall warriors of Scotland were slaine Also the foresayd king Dauid with the Earles of Mentiffe Fiffes and other Lords and WilliaÌ„ Douglas Mas klime fleming and William Douglas other many moe men of armes were taken prisoners so the mischiefe which they intended to other fell vpon theyr owne heads During moreouer the sayd siege of Calis the foresayd Pope ClemeÌ„t the 6. writing to the king of England weÌ„t about vnder the pretence of peace to stop hys proceedings whose letters here follow nuder written The letter of the Pope to the king of England in the behalfe of the Frenchmen CLement the Bishop seruaunt of Gods seruaunts To his welbeloued sonne in Christ Edward the puissaunt king of England Salutation and Apostolical blessing If you diligeÌ„tly consider deare sonne as ought a catholicke Prince to do the slaughter of such an innumerable sort bought with the precious bloud of Christ our redemer the losse of their substaunce soules and the lameÌ„table perils which the dissentions and warres stirred vp betwene you and our welbeloued sonne Philippe the noble king of FrauÌ„ce haue brought vpoÌ„ vs and yet dayly do without intermissioÌ„ And also the bewayling of so many poore people crying out of Orphans and pupils lamentation of widowes and other miserable people which be robbed and spoyled and almost famished what exclamation they make with teares running downe theyr cheeks yelling and crying vnto God for helpe as also the destruction of churches monasteries holy places holy vessels and other ornameÌ„ts vnto gods seruice dedicated the sacrilegious robberies takings imprisonings the spoyling of holy churches religious persons with many other such innumerable detestable execrable mischiefes offending the eies of the diuine maiesty All which if your princely hart woulde consider and well remember with this also that Catholicke sayth especially in the East partes and the Christians there abiding by meanes of the same dissentions and warres destitute of the helpes of such catholicke men as are in the West parties are so afflicted of the Infidels seyng the other partes of Christendome so troubled with cruell persecutions yea and more crueller then euer it hath bene although in these times to amplify this our sayth in the sayd East parts is cruell persecution shewed more then hath bene of many yeares past doubtles we beleue it would pity your hart And to the end that such and so great euils should no further proceed nor yet that so great good as might be done by delating of our foresayd fayth in these times should be let hindered we desire you that ye would applye your minde to make some agreement and peace with the foresaid king For if my welbeloued sonne God hath geuen vnto you-prosperous successe and fortune ye ought rather to humble theÌ„ to extoll your selfe and so much the more readier to encline to his peace and to indeuour your selfe to please God which loueth peace and delighteth in peaceable men and to eschew the foresayd euils which without doubt doe grieuously offend him Furthermore we maruell greatly that vnto our reuerend brother Anibaldus Byshop of Tusculane and our beloued sonne Stephen of the title of S Iohn and Paule priest and Cardinall of the apostolicall sea being sent as Legats by vs and the same see Apostolical to intreat a peace who diligently and faythfully laboring for the same as louers of verity iustice and equity and therwithall regarders of your honour could not be suffered touching the intreatye of the same peace to come vnto your Graces presence Wherefore we desire your kingly highnesse more earnestly for the mercy of God with more vehemence require the same that you taking vp the foresaid horrible euils and preuenting the sweetnes of piety and compassion may escape the vengeance of Gods indignation which were to be feared if you should perseuer in your former euils as God forbid And as touching the intreaty for peace for which our foresayd Cardinals were sent vnto you howbeit secretly least it should be any derogation to your honor we desire you to condescend therunto with all your affection you will incline your minde to the same so pleasaunt vnto God so desired of the world as also to you the foresayd king vnto the catholicke sayth profitable And that the same peace by Gods help grace established made perfect you might assay your puissant strength about gods busines in the foresaid east partes so good occasion seruing as before is sayd in these our times being so apt aduasicements of your honor happy increasing of your princely name for serueÌ„tly we haue heard of you reported to behaue your selfe in all your attemptes Thus we doubt not but that you wil write vnto vs again touching the premisses and the purpose of your intention touching the same Dated at Auinion the 18 of February and 5 yeare of our Papacy The aunswere of the king of England to the foresayst letter of the Pope MOst holy father we vnderstand by the letters of the reuereÌ„d fathers in God the Byshop of Tusculan and Stephen of the title of S. Iohn Priest Cardinals Legats of the Court of Rome as also by the letters of your holynesse sent vnto vs that ye maruell greatly for that your sayd Legates were of purpose sent vnto vs and commaunded to intreat of a peace betwene our aduersary of Fraunce and vs that we would not

next morow folowing other townesmeÌ„ in the villagies about ioyning with the townesmeÌ„ of Oxford confederated together in great force and power to set vpon the studeÌ„tes there and so did hauing a black flag borne before theÌ„ and so inuaded the Vniuersity men WherupoÌ„ the scholers being ouermatched compelled to flee into their haules and hostles were so pursued by theyr enemies that 20. of the doores of their haules and chambers were broke open many of them wounded and as it is sayd slain and throwen into priuies their books with kniues and bils cut all in pieces and much of theyr goods caried away And thus the studentes of that Vniuersity being conquered by the townesmen of Oxford and of the country about departed left the vniuersity So that for a time the scholes there and all schole acts did vtterly cease from all exercise of study except onely MertoÌ„ Colledge haule with a few other remayning behinde This being done the 12. day of February the Queene at the same time being at woodstock was brought to bed and purified on the first Sonday in Lent with great soleÌ„nity of Iusting About which time the Bishop of Lincoln their Diocesane hearing of this excessiue outrage sendeth his inhibition to all Parsons and Priestes forbidding theÌ„ throughout all Oxford none to celebrate Masse or any diuine seruice in the presence of any lay persoÌ„ within the said Towne of Oxford interdicting withal the whole Town Which interdiction endured the space of a whole yere and more The king also seÌ„t thether his Iustices to examine and enquire of the matter Before whom diuers lay men of the clergy were indicted And foure of the chiefe burgeses of the sayd towne were indicted by the kinges commaundement sent to the tower of London were there imprisoned At length through much labor of the nobles the king so tooke vp the matter that sending his writings vnto all Shiriffes in England offered pardoÌ„ to all singular students of that Vniuersity wheresoouer dispersed for that transgression whereby the Vniuersity in short time was replenished againe as before Moreouer was graunted to the Vice chauncellor or Commissary as they terme him of the towne and Vniuersity of Oxford to haue the aâ—ise of bread ale wine and all other victuals the Maior of the sayd town being excluded Also was grauÌ„ted and decreed that the commoÌ„s of Oxford should geue to the vniuersity of Oxford 200. pound sterling in part of satisfaction for theyr excesses reserued notwithstanding to euery one of the students his seuerall action agaynst any seuerall person of that townesmen c. About the yeare of our Lord. 1354. The king with the consent of his counsell reuoked home agayne out of flauders the staple of wolle with all things thereunto appertayning stablished the same in sondry places within the realme namely in Westminster Canterbury Chichester Bristow Lincolne and in Hulle Which Staple after an 1362. was translated ouer into Calice Of Simon Islip Archbishop of Canterb. mentioned a litle before pag. 363. I read in the said author aboue specified that he by his letters patent directed to al parsons vicars within his prouince straitly charged them theyr Parishioners vnder payne of excoÌ„munication not to abstaine froÌ„ bodely labor vpoÌ„ certaine Saints dayes which before were wont to be hallowed consecrated to vnthrifty idlenes Item that to Priests should be geuen no more for their yearely stipend but 3. pound 6.5.8 pence whiche made diuers of them to robbe and steale c. an 1362. The next yeare following which was 1363. the foresayd Kyng Edward kept his Parliament at London in the month of October wherein was prohibited no gold nor siluer to be worne in kniues girdles brooches ringes or in any other ornament belonging to the body except the wearer might dispend 10 pouÌ„d by yeare IteÌ„ that none should weare either silks or costly furres except such as might dispeÌ„d 100 pound by yeare Also that Marchaunt venterers should not export ouer any marchauÌ„dise out of the realme or seek for wines in other country wherby other nations should be constrayned rather to seeke to vs. c. But none of thys did take any great effect After this Simon Islip as is aboue recorded folowed Simon Langham then W. Wittelesey after whome next in the place succeeded Simon Sudbury Much about the same time the Nunnes of S. Bridgits order began first About which time also was builded the Queenes Colledge in Oxford by Queene Philippe of England wife to king Edward the third Circa annum domini 1360. Moreouer in the time of this Pope Innocent Fryer Iohn Lyle Bishop of Ely moued with certaine iniuries as he thought done to him by the Lady Blanche made his complaynt to the Pope Who sending down his curse to the Bishop of Lincolne and other Prelates to be executed vpon the aduersaries of the Bishoppe of Ely commaunded them that if they did know any of the sayd aduersaries dead and buried that notwithstanding they should cause the same to be taken vp which also they performed accordingly of whom some had bene of the Kings counsell Wherefore the king being displeased and not vnworthely did trouble and molest agayn the sayd Prelats This comming to the Popes hearing certayne were directed downe from the court of Rome in the behalf of the foresayd Bishop of Elye who meeting with the Byshop of Rochester the kinges treasurer deliuered vnto him being armed letters from the Bishop of Rome the tenour whereof was not known Which done they incontinent auoyded away But certayne of the kinges seruaunts pursuing did ouertake them of whom some they imprisoned some they brought to the iustices and so were condemned to be hanged Wherein may appeare what reuerence the Popes letters in this kinges dayes had in this realme of England Ex Chro. Walsing This Pope InnoceÌ„t ordeined the feast of the holy speare and of the holy nayles And here to make an end of this fourth booke now remayueth after our order and custome before begunne to prosecute the race of the Archbishops of Canterbury in this foresayd fourth booke conteined beginning where before we left pag. 170. at Lancfrancus A Table of the Archbishoppes of Caunterbury in this fourth Booke conteyned 34. Lanfâ—ancus 19. Polyd. Virg. lib. 9. numbereth this Lanfrancus to be the 33. Archbish. But by the count of other authors namely by that chronicle of the Monke of Douer semeth to be deceiued as he was in the 28. yeares of Dunstane whiche in deede did sit but 19. or 20. at that most This errour of Pol. seemeth to come by leauing out either Elsius which was the 23. or by leauing out Elfricus whiche was the 26. as in some authors I finde Moreouer here is to bee noted that although the sayd Elfricus were left out yet Lanfrancus cannot be 33. Note also that in the table of the 3. Booke before after Siricius to put in Sanctus

semeth to haue no remedy but that as other thinges other kingdomes haue theyr endes and limittes set vnto them which they cannot ouerpasse 80 it must needes be that such a domination gouernment of the Church haue an end by reason of the demerites and obstinacyes of the gouernors prouoking and requiring the same like as we reade in the Prophet Ieremy cap. 8. There is no man that taketh repentaunce for his sinne that will so much as say wherefore haue I done this But euery man runneth forth still like a wilde horse in a battell And the Prophet Ieremy in the 13. chapter of his prophecy Like as the man of Inde may chaunge his skinne and the Cat of mountayne her spottes so may ye that be exercised in euill doe good Whereunto also accordeth that which is written of the same Prophet chap. 17. speaking of Iuda signifying the Church The sinne of Iuda sayth he is written in the table of your hartes and grauen so vpoÌ„ the edges of your altars with a penne of Iron and with an Adamant claw which is as much to say as indelible or which cannot be raced out as also Ezechiell speaking of the punishment chapter 21. sayth I the Lord haue drawne out my sword out of the sheath and cannot be reuoked Notwithstanding all these signifye no impossibility but difficulty because that wicked men are hardly conuerted for otherwise the Scripture importeth no such inflexibilitye with God but if conuersion come he will forgeue So we read in the Prophet Ionas cap. 3. Who can tell God may turne and repent and cease from his fierce wrath that we perish not And to the like effect sayth the same Lord in Ieremy cap 26 Looke thou keepe not one word backe if peraduenture they will harken and turne euery man from his wicked way that I also may repent of of the plague which I haue determined to bring vpon them because of their wicked inuentioÌ„s c. For the further proofe wherof Niniuy we see conuerted and remayned vndestroyd c. Likewise the Lorde also had reuealed destruction vnto Constantinople by sundry signes and tokens as Augustine in a certayne Sermon doth declare And thus for the third part or member of my deuision Fourthly and lastly remayneth to declare some wholesome concluding now vpon the causes preceding That is if by these causes and signes heretofore declared tribulation be prepared to fall vpon the Church then let vs humble our mindes mildely and wisely And if we so returne with hart and in deed vnto God verely he shall rescue and helpe after an inestimable wise and will surcease from scourging vs as he promiseth by his Prophet Ieremy 18. If that people agaynst whom I haue thus deuised coÌ„uert from their wickednesse immediately I will repent of the plague that I deuised to bring vpon them speaking here after the maner of men c. Now therefore for so much as tribulation and affliction is so neare comming toward vs yea lyeth vpon vs alreadye let vs be the more diligent to call vpon God for mercy For I thinke verely these many yeares â—here hath not hene so many and so despightfull hartes and euill willers stout and of such a rebellious hart aganst the Church of God as be now adayes neither be they lacking that would worke all that they can agaynst it and louers of new fanglenes whose hartes the Lord happelye will turne that they shall not hate his people and worke deceipte agaynst his seruauntes I meane agaynst Priestes whom they haue now in little or no reputation at all Albeit many yet there bee through Gods grace good and Godly But yet the furye of the Lord is not turned away but still his hand is stretched out And vnlesse ye be conuerted he shaketh his sworde he hath bent his bowe and prepared it readye Yet the Lorde standeth wayting that he may haue mercy vpon you Esay 30. And therefore as the greatnesse of feare ought to incite vs so hope of saluation may allure vs to pray and call vpon the Lord especially now toward this holy and sacrat time and solemnity of Christes natiuity For that holy and continuall prayer without intermission is profitable and the instant deuotion and vigilant deprecation of the iust man is of great force And if terreine kinges in the day of celebration of their natiuity be wont to shew themselnes more liberall and bounteous how much more ought we to hope wel that the heauenly king of nature most benigne now at his natall and byrth day will not denye pardon and remission to such as rightly call vnto him And now therefore as it is written in Iosue chap. 7. Be you sanctified agaynst to morow c. And saw vnto him as it is written in the first booke of Kinges chap. 25. Now let thy seruaunts I pray thee finde fauour in thy sight for we come to thee in a good season Moreouer ye may finde that ye aske if that ye aske that which he brought in the day of his Natiuity that is the peace of the Church not spirituall onely but also temporall which the angelicall noyse did sounde and experience the same time dyd proue testifyed by T. Liuius Plinius and other heathen storywriwriters which all maruelled thereat saying that such an vniuersal peace as that â—ould not come on earth but by the gift of God For so God did forepromise in the Prophet Esay chap. 66. Behold I will let peace into Ierusalem like a waterfloud c. And in the Psalme 71. In his time righteousnesse shal florish yea and aboundance of peace c. Therefore now O reuerend fathers in the Lord you here in this present assembly behold I say the day of life and saluatioÌ„ Now is the oportune time to pray vnto god that the same thing which he brought into the world at his byrth he will graunt in these dayes to his Church that is his peace And like as Niniuye was subuerted ouerturned and not in members but in maners so the same wordes of my theame Iuxta est iustitia mea vt reueletur may be verified in vs not of the primitiue iustice but of our sanctification by grace so that As to morow is celebrated the natiuity of our Sauiour our righteousnesse may rise together with him and his blessing may be vpon vs which God hath promised saying My sauing health is neare at hand to come c. Whereof speaketh Esay the Prophet chapte 51. My sauing health shall endure foreuer c. This health graunt vnto vs the Father Sonne and holy Ghost Amen This SermoÌ„ was made by maister Nicholas Orem before Pope Urbane and his Cardinals vpon the eueÌ„ of the Natiuity of the Lord being the fourth Sonday of Aduent in the yeare of our Lord 1364. and the second of hys Hopedome In the 5. yere of this forenamed Pope Urbane began first the order of the Iesuites And

by no tribulation could they be compelled to forsake the faith Wherfore of them this seemeth to me to be vnderstanded TheÌ„ I wil bring vpon thee some of the most strongest people they shal draw their naked swordes c. By these things it may plainly apeare why at this time rather then in time past thys matter is stirred vp and why in this kingdome rather then in other kingdomes the calling of the Gentiles is intreated of to the verifying of the Gospell through the disclosing of Antichrist But forasmuch as many tales and fables are tolde of Antichrist and his comming and many things whych doe rather seduce then instruct the hearers are applied to hym out of the scriptures of the prophets we will briefly wryte those things which are spoken of hym and we will shewe that the same fable sprang from the error of people imagining from no truth of the scriptures prophesying Now then they do say that Antichrist shall be borne in Babylon of the tribe of Dan conceiued of the mixture of man and woman in sinne because that Christe was borne of a virgin and conceiued of the holy ghost They say that he shall be an ill fauoured personage because that it is wrytten of Christ comely and beautifull is he beyonde the sonnes of men They say that he shall preach three yeres and an halfe where Christ preached that he shall circumcise himselfe and say that he is Christ and the Messias sent for the saluation of the Iewes And they say that he shal 3. maner of waies seduce the people by false miracles giftes and torments So that whom he shall not be able to ouercome with myracles nor with gifts those shall he goe about to ouercome with diuers kinds of tormeÌ„ts And those that he shal seduce will he marke with hys tokens in their forehead or hands He shal sit in the temple of God and cause himselfe to be worshipped as God He shall fight as they say with the 2. witnesses of Christ Enoch Hely and shal kill theÌ„ and he himselfe shall finally be slaine with lightening To this imagined man of their own imagination but of none of the prophets foreshewed at least in no such wyse as this is do they apply the Prophets as this of Daniel When yâ— cotinual sacrifice shal be taken away abhomination shall be placed to desolation That is say they when the worshipping of God shal be taken away desolation to wit Antichrist shall abhominably shewe foorth hymselfe to be worshipped then shall there be 1290. dayes that is to say 3. yeres and a halfe And this time doe they say is the time times and halfe a time And when it is sayde in Daniell Blessed is hee that looketh for and coÌ„meth to a 1335. dayes This do they say is thus to be vnderstanded 45. dayes of repentance to such as haue worshipped Antichrist whych 45. dayes added to the 1290. make 1335. daies Which dayes they that shall reach vnto shal be called blessed They apply also to thys Antichrist this saying of the Apocalips I saw a beast rising vp out of the Sea hauing 7. heads and 10. horns who had power geueÌ„ him to make 42. moneths Which moneths as they say do make 3. yere a halfe in which Antichrist shall raigne And many other things there are told and applied vnfitly to this imagined Antichrist that are not truly grounded vpon the scriptures Now let vs shew the errors of this fable First of al if there shall come such one saying expresly that he is Christ what Christian would be seduced by him though he shuld do neuer so many miracles neither shall he come after the maner of a seducer which shal shew himself an expresse aduersary Neither is it likely that the Iewes can be seduced by such a one seeing that Christ is not promised vnto them of the stocke of Dan by any of the Prophets but of the stocke of Iuda nor yet is he promised to theÌ„ to be a king warlike but peaceable taking warre away not making warre For of Christ sayeth Esay And in the last dayes shall there be prepared the mountaine of the house of the Lorde in the toppe of the mountaines and it shal bee exalted aboue the hilles and to it shall all the nations haue great recourse and manye people shal goe and say Come let vs go vp to the mountaine of the Lord and to the house of the God of Iacob and hee shall teache vs his wayes and wee shall walke in his pathes For out of Sion shall there goe a lawe and the word of the Lord from Ierusalem and he shall iudge the nations reproue much people And they shall turne their swordes into plowshares and their speares into sithes There shall not a nation lift vp it selfe against an other nation nor yet shall they bee any more exercised to warre And againe A litle babe is borne to vs and a sonne is geuen to vs and his Imperiall kingdome vpon his shoulder and his name shall bee called The great counsailour The mighty God The father of the world to come The Prince of peace His Empire shall be multiplied and there shal be no ende of his peace He shall sit vpon the seat of Dauid and vpon his kingdom that he may make it stedfast and strong in iudgement and in iustice from hencefoorth for euermore Zachary doeth say of Christ Reioyce thou greatly O thou daughter Sion be thou exceeding merye O daughter Ierusalem Beholde thy king shall come a righteous person and a Sauior vnto thee and yet he a poore man and getting vp vpon an asse euen vpon a yong colt of the she asse And I wil scatter abroad the chariot of Ephraim and the horse of Ierusalem And the bow of warre shal be dispersed and he shall speake peace to the nations and hys power shall be from the sea to the sea and from the floud vnto the borders of the earth By which thinges it is manifest that the wise Iewes knewe well inough Christ to be promised to them of the stocke of Iuda and not of the stocke of Dan that he was geuen all to peace not to warre Therfore it is not likely that they caÌ„ be seduced by such a one But if there should haue beene in time to come some such singular Antichrist then would Christ seing he loued his haue sayd somwhat vnto theÌ„ of him Now of one singularly doth he not speak but of many saying Many shall come in my name say I am Christ and they shal seduce many persons But now let vs see how the prophecies in Daniell the Apocalips aforesayd be falsly and erroneously applied to the same imagined Antichrist For in Daniel the ix chapter thus it is written And after 72. weekes shall Christ be slaine and they which will deny him shall not be his people And the Citie

rooted out or otherwise punished by any that hath authoritie and the feare and loue of God And also they are not afrayd openlye to write the same articles and so being written to deliuer theÌ„ to your kinglye parliament and obstinately to affirme the same The venemous and disdainfull recitall of which articles vpon good aduisement at this present we passe ouer lest the sufferaunce of such sensualitie might fortune to renue the wouÌ„d that reason may heale Yet notwithstanding least so great and contagious an euil should escape vnpunished and that without deserued vexation and also that it might not get more hart and waxe stronger we therefore according to that our office and duetie is where such neglygence and sluggishnes of our prelates being present where this thing is do commit and geue in commaundemeÌ„t to our reuerend brethren Canterbury and Yorke Archbishops by other oure letters that they stand vp in the power of God agaynst this pestilent and coÌ„tagious sect and that they liuely persecute the same in forme of lawe roote out and destroy those that aduisedly and obstinately refuse to withdraw their foote froÌ„ the same stumbling block any restraint to the contrary notwithstanding But because the assistance counsaile fauour and ayde of your kingly estate highnes are requisite to the execution of the premisses we require exhort and beseech the same your princely highnes by the bowels of the mercy of Iesus Christ by his holy fayth by your owne saluation by the benefit that to all men is common and by the prosperitie assured to euery man and woman that not onelye your kingly seueritie may readily shewe and cause to bee shewed vnto our Archbishops and their Commissaries in this behalfe requyring the foresayd due execution conuenient ayd and fauour as otherwise also to cause them to be assisted But that also you wil enioyne your Magistrates and Iustices of assise and peace more straightly that of their owne good wils they execute the authoritie committed vnto theÌ„ with al seueritie against such damned men according as they are bouÌ„d by the office which they are put in trust with Against those I mene which haue determyned obstinatly to defile theÌ„selues in their malice and sinnes those to expell banish and imprison and there so long to keepe them til coÌ„digne sentence shall pronounce them worthye to suffer punyshment For your kingly wisedome seeth that such as they be do not only deceiue poore simple souls or at the least do what they can to deceiue theÌ„ but also bring their bodies to destructioÌ„ and further prepare confusion and ruinous fall vnto their temporall Lordes Go to therefore my sweete sonne and indeuour your self to worke so in this matter as vndoubtedly we trust you will that as this firebrand burning and flaming ouer sore beganne vnder your president or gouernment so vnder your seuere iudgement and vertuous diligence might fauour and ayde not one sparke remaine hid vnder the ashes but that it be vtterlye extinguyshed and spedely put out Â¶ Geuen at our palace of S. Peter at Rome the xv Calendes of October in the sixt yere of our pontificalitie Â¶ The Kynges Commission RIchard by the grace of God kyng of Englande Fraunce and Lorde of Irelande To all those vnto whom these present letters shall come greeting Know ye that where as lately at the instance of the reuerend father William Archbishop of Caunterbury Metropolitane of all England and Legate of the Apostolycal seate we for the redresse and amendement of all those whych would obstinately preach or maintaine publiquely or priuely any conclusions of the holy scripture repugnant to the determynatioÌ„ of our holy mother the church notoriously redounding to the subuersion of the Catholique faith or coÌ„taining any heresie or errour within the prouince or bishopricke of CaÌ„terburie Haue by our special letters patents in the zeale of the fayth geueÌ„ authoritie and licence vnto the foresayd Archbishop to all and singular his suffraganes to arest all and euerye of them that will preach or maintaine any such coÌ„clusions wheresoeuer they may be found and to coÌ„mit them either to their owne prisons or any others at their owne pleasure and to kepe theÌ„ in the same vntill they repeÌ„t them of the errours prauities of those heresies or til that of such maner of arests by vs or by our counsayle it shoulde be otherwise determined that is to say to euery one of them and their ministers throughout their cities and dioces And nowe the reuereÌ„d father in god Iohn B. of Herford hath for a certaintie informed vs that although the same B. hath accordinge to iustyce coÌ„uinced a certain felow named W. Swinderby pretending himself to be a chaplaine one StepheÌ„ Bell a learned man and hath pronounced theÌ„ heretikes and excoÌ„municate false informers among the coÌ„mon people and hath declared the same by the definitiue sentence of the aforesaid bishop for that they haue presumed to affirme and preach openly in diuers places within the dioces of Herford many conclusions or naughty opinions notoriously redounding to the subuersion of the Catholike sound faith and tranquilitie of our kingdome The same Bishop notwithstandinge neyther by the ecclesiasticall censures neyther yet by the force and strength of our coÌ„mission was able to reuoke the foresaid William and Stephen nor yet to bridle the malice and indurate contumacie of them For that they after that they were vpon such heretical prauitie conuict by the same bishop to the intent they might delude his iudgement and iustice conueyed theÌ„selues by and by vnto the borders of Wales with suche as were their factours and accomplices in keping themselues close vnto whoÌ„ the force of our said letters doth in no wise extende Whereupon the sayde Bishop hath made supplycation vnto vs that wee will vouchsafe to prouide a sufficient remedye in that behalfe Wee therfore which alwayes by the helpe of almightie God are defeÌ„dours of the fayth willing to withstand suche presumptuous and peruerse enterprises by the most safest way and meanes we maye geue and coÌ„mit full power and authoritie to the foresayd bishop and to his ministers by the tenour of these presents to arrest or take or cause to be arrested or taken the foresayde William and Sthephen in any place within the citie dioces of Hereford and our dominioÌ„ of Wales with al the speede that may be and to coÌ„mit theÌ„ either to our prison or els to the prison of the same bishop or any other prison at their pleasure if such neede bee and there to keepe theÌ„ safe And afterwards vnles they will obey the commaundements of the Church with dilygence to bring them before vs and our couÌ„sel or els cause them to be brought That we may determine for their further punishment as we shall thinke it requisite conuenient to be done by the aduise of our couÌ„sell for the defence and preseruation of the Catholike faith And

Such a stroke heareth ambition in thys Apostolicall see whiche we are wont so greatly to magnifie But of this inough whiche I leaue and referre to the consideration of the Lorde seeing men will not looke vpon it Drawing now toward the latter end of king Richards raigne it remaineth that as we did before in the time of K. Edward the third so here also we shewe forth a summary recapitulation of such parliamentall notes proceedinges as then were practised by publique parliament in this kings time against the iurisdiction of the Bysh. of Rome to the intent that such if any such be that thinke or haue thought the receauing of the popes double authoritie to be such an auncient thing within this realme may diminishe theyr opinion As euidently may appeare by diuers arguments heretofore touched concerning the election and inuesting of byshops by the king As where king Oswin coÌ„maunded Tedde to be ordayned Archbish. of Yorke Also where king Egfride caused Cuchbert was brought to K. Canuce and at his commaundement was instituted Byshop of the same see Ex lib. Malmesb. de gestis pontif Anglorum And likewise Math. Parisiensis testifieth that king Henry the 3. gaue the Archbishopricke of Caunterbury to Radulphus then Bishop of London and inuested him wyth staffe and ring And the sâ—â—re king gaue the Bishopricke of wint to W. Gifford and moreouer following the steppes both of his father and brother before him endued him with the possessions pertaining to the sayd Bishoprick the contrary statute of pope Urbane forbidding that Clerkes should receaue any Ecclesiasticall dignitie at the hand of Princes or of any lay person to the contrary notwithstanding c. Innumerable examples of like sort are to be seen in auncient historyes of this our realme As also out of the parliament tolles in the time of king Edward hath sufficiently bene touched a little before Whereunto also may be added the notes of such parliamentes as haue bene holdeÌ„ in the raygne of this present king Richard the second the collation whereof in part here followeth * Notes of certayne Parliamentes holden in the the raigne of king Richard 2. making agaynst the Pope IN the first yeare of King Richard 2. in the parliament holden at Westminster it was requested and graunted that the popes collector be willed no longer to gather the first fruites of benefices within this realme being a verye noueltie and that no person doe any longer pay them Item that no man doe procure any benefice by prouision from Rome on payne to be out of the kinges protection Item that no Englishman do take to farme of any Alien anye Ecclesiasticall benefice or Prebende on the lyke payne In which byll was rehearsed that the French men had 6. thousand poundes yearely of such liuinges in England Item that remedy might be had against the popes reseruations to dignities electiue the same being done against the treaty of the pope taken with king Edward 3. In the second yeare of the sayd king Richard the secoÌ„d it was by petitioÌ„ requested that some order might be takeÌ„ touchyng Aliens hauyng the greatest part of the Church dignities in their handes Whereunto the kyng auÌ„swered that by aduise of the Lordes he will prouide therfore Item it was enacted that all the benefices of Cardinals and others rebels to pope Urbane that now is shal be seased into the kynges handes An Acte that Pope Urbane was true lawfull Pope and that the liuynges of all Cardinals and other rebels to the sayd Pope should be seased into the kinges handes and the kyng bee aunswered of the profites thereof And that whosoeuer within this Realme shall procure or obtayne any prouision or other instrument from any other Pope then the same Urbane shall be out of the kynges protection Moreouer in the thyrd yeare of kyng Richard the second the Prelates and Clergie made their protestation in this Parliament expressely agaynst a certaine new grauÌ„t to wit their extortions That the same neuer should passe with their assent and good will to the blemishyng of the liberties of the Churche if by that worde extortion they ment any thyng largely to proceede against Ordinaries others of the Church But if they ment none otherwise to deale hereafter therin theÌ„ before that the time had bene done then would they consent Wherunto it was replied for the king that neither for the same their sayd protestation or other wordes in that behalfe the king woulde not stay to graunt to his Iustices in that case and all other cases as was vsed to be done in times past and was bound to doe by vertue of his othe done at his coronation Furthermore in the fourth yeare of the sayd king Richard 2. it was requested that prouision might be had agaynst the popes collectors for leuying of the first fruits of ecclesiasticall dignities within the realme Item that all Priors Aliens might be remoued out of their houses and licensed to depart neuer to reuert And that English men may be placed in their liuinges answering the king as they did And in the 9. yeare of the foresayd king touching matter of the Staple the speaker of the Parliament pronounced that he thought best the same were planted within the realme considering that Calis Bruges and other towns beyond the seas grew very rich therby and good townes here very much decayed and so much for the common profite Touching the king he affirmed that the subsidie custome of wool more yelded to the king wheÌ„ the staple was kept in England by one thousand markes yearely then it did now being holden beyond the seas Item that inquisition and redresse might be had against such religious persons as vnder the licence to purchase 10. li. yearly do purchase 80. li. or 100. li. Item that all Clarkes aduaunced to any ecclesiasticall dignitie or liuing by the king will graunt to the king the first fruites of their liuinges none otherwise then they would haue done to the Pope being aduaunced by him In the 11. yeare of K. Richard 2. it was put vp by the petitions of the commons that suche impositions as are gathered by the popes bulles of Volumus and imponimus of the translations of B.B. and such like might be imployed on the kinges warres agaynst the schismatickes of Scotland And that such as bring into the realme the like bulles and nouelries may be reputed for traytors In the 13. yeare of his raigne followed an other parliameÌ„t in which although the archbish of Canterbury and Yorke for them and the whole Clergie of their prouinces made their solemne protestations in opeÌ„ Parliament that they in no wise ment or would assent to any statute or law made in restraynt of the popes authoritie but vtterly withstood the same willing this protestation of theirs to be enrolled yet the sayd protestation of theirs at that time took no great effect

the presence of the Duke In the meane time such as were the setters forward of the Councell agaynst M. Iohn Hus and M. Ierome that is to say Michael de Causis and M. Palletz and other their accomplices required that the sayde mayster Hierome should be cited by reason of hys intimations certayne dayes after the citation hereunder written was set vpon the gates and porches of the citty and Churches which followeth here in this maner This most sacred and holy Synode and general councell of Constance faithfully congregated and gathered together in the holy Ghost representing the vniuersall militant Church vnto Hierome of Prage which writeth himselfe to be a mayster of Arte of so many Uniuersities and pretendeth those things which are onely pertayning vnto sobriety and modesty and that he knoweth no more then he ought c. Know thou that there is a certayne writinge come vnto our vnderstanding and knowledge the whiche was set vp as it were by thine owne person vpon that gates of the Churches and Citty of Constance vppon the Sonday when there was song in the Church of God Quasi mo do geniti Wherein thou doest affirme that thou wilt openly answere vnto thy accusers and slaunderers which shall obiect any crime errour or heresie agaynst thee whereof thou art meruailously infamed and accused before vs and specially touching the doctrine of Wickleff and other doctrines contrary vnto the catholicke fayth so that thou mightest haue graunted vnto thee a safe conduct to come But for so much as it is our part principally and chiefly to foresee and looke vnto these crafty Foxes which goe about to destroy the vyneyarde of the Lord of hostes therefore we do cite and call forth by the tenour of these presentes thy person manifoldly defamed and suspected for the temerarious affirming and teaching of manifold erroures so that within the term of 15. dayes to be accompted from the date of these presentes wherof 5. dayes are appoynted for the first term fiue for the second and other fiue for the third we do ordein and appoynt by Canonicall admonition and warninge that thou do appeare in the publique Session of the sacred Councell if there be any holden the same day or els yâ— first day immediately following when as any Session shal be according to the tenour of thy sayd writing to answere to those thinges which any person or persons shall obiect or lay agaynst thee in any cause of thy fayth and to receiue haue as iustice shall require Wherupon so much as in vs lyeth as catholike faith shall require we offer assigne to thee by the tenour hereof our safe coÌ„duct froÌ„ all violence iustice alwayes being saued certifying thee that whether thou doest appeare or not the sayd terme or tyme appoynted notwithstanding processe shall goe forward agaynst thee by the sayd sacred Councell or by their CoÌ„missary or CoÌ„missaries for the time aforesayd not obserued and kept thy contuinacie or stubburnes in any thing notwithstanding Geuen in the 6. Session of the generall Councell the 17. day of Aprill vnder the seale of the presidentes of the foure nations Â¶ Grumpert Faber Notary of the Germaynes AFter that Sigismund king of Hungary with the rest of the Councell vnderstood by the foresaid Duke Ioh. that M. Hierome was taken they were earnestly in hand requiring that M. Hierome shold be brought before them vnto the Councell The whiche Duke Iohn after hee had receiued letters of the kyng and the Councell brought M. Hierom bound vnto Constance whom his brother Duke Ludouicus lead through the Cittie to the Cloyster of the Friers Minors in Constance whereas the chiefe Priestes and Elders of the people Scribes Phariseis were gathered together attending and wayting for hys comming He the sayd mayster Hierome caryed a great handbolte of iron with a long chayne in hys hand and as he passed the chayne made a great ratlyng and noyse and for the more confusion and despite towardes hym they led him by the same chayne after Duke Ludouicus aforesaid holding and stretching out the chayne a great way from him with the whiche chayne they also kept him bounde in the Cloyster When he was brought into the Cloyster they reade before hym the letter of Duke Iohn which was sent with that sayd mayster Hierome vnto the Councell contayning in effect how that the sayd Duke Iohn had sent mayster Hierome vnto the councell who by chance was fallen into his handes because he heard an euill report of hym that he was suspected of the heresies of Wickleffe that the Councell might take order for him whose part it was to correct punish such as did erre and stray from the truth besides many other flattering tales which were written in the sayd letter for the prayse of the Councell After this they read the citation which was geuen out by the councell agaynst maister Hierome wherof we haue spoken before Then certayne of the Byshops sayd vnto hym Hierom why diddest thou flye runne awaye and diddest not appeare when thou wast cited He answered because I could not haue any safecoÌ„duict neither from you neither from the king as it appeareth by these letters patentes of the Barons whiche you haue neither by my open intimations could I obtain any safe conduict Wherfore I perceauing many of my greuous heauy frendes to be here present in the Councell would not my selfe be the occasion of my perils and daungers but if I had known or had any vnderstanding of this citation wtout al doubt albeit I had bene in Boheme I would haue returned agayne Then all the whole rabble rising vp alledged diuers and sondry accusations and testimonies agaynst him with a great noyse and tumulte When the rest held their peace then spake maister Gerson the Chauncellour of Paris Hierome when thou wast at Paris thou thoughtest thy selfe by meanes of thy eloquence to be an Angell diddest trouble the whole Uniuersitie alledging openly in the schooles many erroneous conclusions with their correlaria and specially in the question de vniuersalibus de Idaeis with many other very offensiue questioÌ„s Unto whom Mayster Hierome sayd I answere to you mayster Gerson Those matters which I did put forth there in the Schooles at Paris in the whiche also I aunswered to the argumentes of the Maysters I did put them forth Philosophically and as a Philosopher and mayster of the Uniuersitie and if I haue put foorth anye questions whiche I ought not to haue put forth teache me that they be erroneous and I will most humbly be informed and amend the same Whiles he was yet speaking an other as I suppose the mayster of the Uniuersity of Colleyne vpon the Riuer of Rheine rising vp sayd when thou wast also at Coleyn in thy position whiche thou diddest there determine thou diddest propound many erroneous matters Then sayd M. Hierome vnto hym shew me first one errour whiche I propounded Wherwithall he being

place in euery of the foresayd appoynted dayes which tapers the last sonday after theyr penance finished we will that the sayde Iohn Thomas do humbly and deuoutly offer vnto the high aultar of the parish church of Alborough at the tyme of the offertory of the high Masse the The description of the penance of Tho. Pye and Iohn Mendham same day and that either of them going about the market place aforesayd shall make foure seueral pauses or stayes and at euery of those same pauses humbly and deuoutly receiue at your handes three displinges Therefore we straightly charge and commaunde you and either of you ioyntly and seuerally by vertue of your obedience that euery sonday and market day after the recept of our present commaundement you do effectually admonishe and bring foorth the sayde Thomas Pye and Iohn Mendam to begin and accomplishe theyr sayde penance and so successiuely to finish the same in maner and forme afore appoynted But if they wil not obey your monitions or rather our commaundementes in this behalfe and begin and finish their sayd penance effectuallye you or one of you shall cite them peremptoryly that they or eyther of them appeare before vs or our Commissary in the chappell of our palace at Norwich the 12. day after the citatioÌ„ so made if it be a court day or els the next court day folowing to declare if they or any of them haue any cause why they should not be excommunicate for theyr manifest offence in this behalfe committed according to the forme and order of lawe and further to receiue such punishmeÌ„t as iustice shall prouide in that behalfe And what you haue done in the premisses whether the sayde Thomas and Iohn haue obeyed your admonitions and performed the said penance or no we will that you or one of you which haue receiued our sayd commaundement for the execution thereof do distinctly certify vs betwene this the last day of Nouember next comming Dated at our palace of Norwich vnder our Commissaryes seale the 8. day of October an 1428. This gentle Reader was for the most part the order of theyr whole penaunce howbeit some were oftentimes more cruelly handled after theyr penance they were banished out of the dioces and other some more straightly vsed by longer imprisomeÌ„t wherof we will briefly rehearse one or two for example Iohn Beuerley alias Battild IOhn Beuerley alias Battild a labourer was attached by the Vicar of Sowthereke the parish priest of Waterden and a lawyer and so deliuered vnto Mayster Wil. BernaÌ„ the Byshops Commissary who sent him to the Castle of Norwich there to be kept in irons wheras afterward he being brought before the commissary and hauing nothing proued agaynst him he took an othe that euery yeare afterward he should confesse his sinnes once a yere to his curat and receiue the Sacrament at Easter as other Christians did and for his offence was enioyned that the Friday and Saterday next after he should fast bread and water and vpon the Saterday to be whipped from the pallace of Norwich going round about by Tomelands by S. Michaels Church by Cottle rew and about the market hauyng in his hand a waxe candle of two peÌ„ce to offer to the image of the Trinity after he had done his penaunce And for so much as he confessed that he had eateÌ„ flesh vpoÌ„ Easter day and was not shriuen in all lent nor receiued vpon Easter day the iudge enioyned him that he shoulde fast Tuesday Wednesday and Friday in Whitsonweke hauing but one mealt a day of fish and other whitte meates and after hys penaÌ„ce so done he should depart out of the dioces neuer come there any more Iohn Skilley of Flixton Miller IOhn Skilley of Flixton Miller being apprehended and brought before the bishop of Norwich the 14 day of March 1428. for holding mayntayning the Articles aboue written was therupon conuict and forced to abiure and after his abiuration solemnly made which here to anoyd tediousnes we omit he had a most sharpe sentence of penance pronouced agaynst him the effect wherof being briefly collected was this That forsomuch as the said Skilley was conuict by his owne confession for holding and mayntayning the Articles before written and for receiuing certain good and godly meÌ„ into his house as sir Wil. White priest and Iohn Wadden whom they called famous notorious and damnable heretickes and had now abiured the same being first absolued from the sentence of excommunication which he had incurred by meanes of his opinions he was enioyned for penaunce 7. yeares imprisonment in the monastery of Langley in the dioces of Norwiche And forsomuch as in times past he vsed vpon the Fridayes to eate flesh he was enioyned to fast bread water euery Friday by the space of that 7. yeares to come and that by the space of 2. yeares next immediately after the 7. yeares expired euery wednesday in the beginning of LeÌ„t euery Maundy thursday he should appeare before the bishop or his successor or coÌ„missary for the time being in the cathedrall church of Norwich together with the other penitentiaryes to do open penance for his offences Besides these there were diuers other of the same coÌ„pany which the same yeare were forced to like abiuratioÌ„ penaÌ„ce And so to proceed to the next yeare following which was 1429. there ensueth a great nuÌ„ber in the same register which were examined and did penaunce in like sorte to the number of 16. or 17. In the number of whom was Iohn Baker otherwise called Usher Tunstall who for hauing a booke with the Pater noster the â—ue and Creed in English and for certayn other articles of fasting confession and inuocation contrary to the determination of the Romish Church after much vexation for the same was caused to abiure and sustayne such penaunce as the other before him had done The story of Margery Backster ANother was Margery Backster wife of Wil. Backster Wright in MarthaÌ„ the same yere accused against whom one Ioane wife of Cliffelande was brought in by the bishop and coÌ„pelled to depose and was made to bring in in forme following First that the sayde Margerye Backster did informe this deponent that she should in no case sweare saying to her in english dame beware of the Bee for euery Bee will sting and therefore take heede you sweare not neyther by God neither by our Lady neither by none other saynt if ye do contrary the Bee will sting your tongue and venome your soule IteÌ„ this deponeÌ„t being demauÌ„ded by the said Margery what she did euery day at church she answered that the kneled down said 5. Pater nosters in worship of the crucifixe as many Aue Maries in worship of our Lady whoÌ„ Margery rebuked saying you do euill to kneele or pray to such Images in the churches for God dwelleth not in such churches neither shall come downe out of heauen will geue

the way that he might reigne king alone In the meane time while al this ruffling was in hand what bread sorow the tender harts of these fatherles and friendles children were in what little ioy of them selues what smal ioy of life they had it is not so hard as dolorous for tender harts to vnderstand As the yonger brother lingered in thought and heauines so the prince which was a 11. yeare old was so out of hart and so fraught with feare that he neuer tyed his poyntes nor ioyed good day till the trayterous impictie of their cruell vncle had deliuered theÌ„ of their wretchednes whiche was not long in dispatching For after king Richard their vncle first attempting to coÌ„passe his diuelishe deuise by Robert Brakenbury Constable of the tower and could not winne him to suche a cruell fact to die therefore then he got one Iames Tyrell ioyning with him Iohn Dighton and Miles Forrest to perpetrate this heinous murder Which Dyghton and Forest about midnight entring into their chamber so be wrapped and entangled them amongst the clothes keeping downe the fetherbed and pilowes hard vnto their mournes that within a while they smoothered and stifeled them pitiously in their bed And thus ended these two yong princes their liues thorough the wretched cruelty of these forenamed tormentors who for their detestable and bloudy murder committed escaped not long vnpunished by the iust hand of God For first Miles Forest at S. Martines le grand by peecemeale miserably rotted away Iohn Dighton liued at Callis loÌ„g after so disdained and hated that he was pointed at of all men and there died in great misery Sir Iames Tyrell was beheaded at Tower hill for treason Also King Richard himselfe within a yeare and a halfe after was stayne in the field hacked and hewed of his enemies handes torne and tugged like a curre dogge Furthermore the said iustice of gods hand left not the Duke of Buckingham escape free Whiche was a greate maintainer and setter vp of this butcherly vsurper for les then within a yeare after so God wrought that hee was himselfe beheaded for treason by the sayd king whom he so vniustly before had aduaunced and set vp In the same catologue and order of these wicked doers afore recited we haue also to comprehende two other as well worthy of memoriall as the best or rather as that worst The name of the one was doctour Shawe aboue rehearsed The other doctor Pinkie prouincial of the Austen Friers both famous preachers and both Doctors in diuinitie both of more learning then vertue sayth the story of more same theÌ„ learning yet of more learning theÌ„ truth Shaw made a Sermon in the prayse of the Protector before hys coronation Pinkie preached after thys coronation Both were so full of tedious flatterye that no good cares coulde abide them Pinkie in his sermon so lost his voyce that he was sayne to leaue of came downe in in the midst Doctour Shaw by his sermon lost his honenesty and soone after his life for very shame of the world so that he neuer durst after that shew his face againe But as for the Fryer he was so farre past shame that the losse therof did little touch him Mention was made a little before of Doctor Morton Bishop at Ely by whose meanes the deuise was first broched for the conioyning the two houses of Yorke Lancaster together This deuise was first broken to the Duke of Buckingham which soone after cost hym his life But that bishop more crafty to saue hymselfe incontinent fled into Brittain Notwithstanding the deuise once being broched was so plausible and tooke such effect that message was sent ouer the sea to Henry Earle of Richmond by his mother and by the Queene mother to the Ladye Elizabeth that if he would make hys returne and promise to marry with the sayd Lady Elizabeth King Edwards daughter he should be receaued To make a longer discourse of thys matter which is sufficiently set forth by S. Tho. More so ornately it needeth not Briefely to contract that in a small compasse of wordes which was not so small a thing in doing after that the Earle Henry with such other banished meÌ„ as fled out of EnglaÌ„d at the taking of the Duke of Buckingham had perfect intelligence by his mother and by the Queene and other frends moe out of England how the case of that realm stoode and how it was here purposed by his frendes that is that he should with all conuenient speede hast hys returne ouer into England promising to mary with Ladye Elizabeth he with all diligence as tyme and preparation would serue aduauÌ„ced forward his iourny being wel helped and furnished by Fraunces Duke of Britayne and so shipped his meÌ„ Albeit his first voyage sped not for that the winds turning contrary by force of weather his ships were disparcled and he repulsed backe into FrauÌ„ce agayn His second viage was more prosperous Who taking the seas at Harslet in the moneth of August an 1485. accompanied onely with two thousand men and a smal number of shippes aryued at Milford Hauen in Wales and fyrste came to Dale then to Harford West where he was ioyfully receiued and also by the coÌ„ming in of Arnolde Butler and the PeÌ„broke men was in power encreased FroÌ„ theÌ„ce he remoued by Cardigan to Shrewsbery then to Newport and so to Stafford from thence to Liechfield his army still more and more augmented Lyke as a great floud by comming in of many small riuers gathereth more aboundaunce of water so to this Earle diuers noble Captaynes and men of power adioyned themselues as Richard Griffith Iohn Morgan Rice ap Thomas theÌ„ sir Georg Talbot with the yong Erle of Shrewesbery his warde Sir William Stanley Sir Tho. Burchier and Sir Walter Hungerford knightes At last the said Erle hearing of the kinges comming conducted his whole army to Tam worth King Richard first hearing of the arriuall of the Erle Henry in the partes of Wales after such a slender sort did giue little or no regard vnto it But after vnderstanding that he was come to Lichfield without resistaunce or incombraunce he was sore moued and exceedingly tooke on cursing and crying out against them which had so deceaued him in all post speed sent for Iohn Duke of Northfolke Hen. Erle of NorthumberlaÌ„d Tho. Erle of Surrey with other his frendes of special trust Robert Brakenbury also liesetenaunt of the tower was sent for with Sir Tho. Burchier and Sir Walter Hungerforde with certaine other knightes and Esquiers of whome he partlye misdoubted or had some suspicious gelousy Thus K. Richard after most forceable maner well fortified and accompanied leauing nothing vndone that dilligence could require set forward toward his enemies The Earle by this time was come to Tamworth to whoÌ„ secretly in the Euening resorted sir Iohn Sauage sir Bryan Sanford sir Simon Digby and many other forsaking

The like also might happen by other bishoprickes whereof as Aeneas Syluius witnessed there are in Germany to the number of 50. besides Abboes whereof a great number are confirmed at Rome And admitt that in Germany there were greater profite and reuenewes rising of the ground mines and toles notwithstanding the Emperour and the other Princes should lacke treasure and munition of warre agaynst their enemies and specially the infidels and to preserue Germany in peace and quietnesse to minister iustice vnto euery man for which purpose the Councell of the chamber being most holyly instructed and furnished with great cost charges doth chiefly serue Besides that the Emperour hath need of treasure to suppresse the rebelles in the Empyre to banish and driue away theeues and murtherers whe rofa great nuÌ„ber are not ashamed to spoyle churches onely and to robbe them of theyr goods but also to assaile the Clergy themselues Finally our nation and country of Germany hath need of great riches and treasure not only for the repayring of Churches monasteries but also for hospitals for children thar are layd out in the streetes for widowes for women with childe for Orphanes for the mariage of the daughters of poore men that they be not destoured for such as haue neede and necessity for the olde and weake for the sicke and the sore whereof the more is the sorrow Germany is fully replenished and filled Â¶ Aduertisementes vnto the Emperours Maiesty LEt the Emperors maiesty foresee and prouide that the begging friers do not preach against his maiesty which are wont to complayn gladly vnto the Apostolick sea fearing to lose their priuiledges which I would to god were aswel grounded vpon Christ as they are vpon profite Let the Emperours maiesty also beware that the Pope do not geue coÌ„maundement vnto the Electours to proceed to the electioÌ„ of a new king of Romaines as he did agaynst Frederick the second when as the Lantgraue of Churm and William Earle of Holland were elect by the commaundement of the Pope Let the Emperours maiesty also feare and take heed of all the Prelates of the Churches and especially of the Presedentes which by theyr oth are bounde to aduertise the Pope Let the Emperours Maiesty also feare and beware that the Pope do not take away from his subiectes their obedience prouoke the people bordering vpon him to make inuasioÌ„ into the Emperours dominioÌ„s and Archduchy of Austrich which those men vnder colour of shewing obedience vnto the Popes commaundemeÌ„t be ready to do Let the Emperours Maiesty also take heede of the Apostolicke censures froÌ„ which the pope will in no case refraine Finally let the Emperours maiesty diligently foresee take heede that the pope do not perswade the people with most subtile argumeÌ„tes contrary to the pragmaticall sanction excusing himselfe and getting the good will of the simple alledging that w e great costes charges he will repayre the Church of S. Peter in Rome build in certaine places against the Turkes and recouer againe the landes patrimony pertaining vnto the Church of S. Peter as he is bouÌ„d by his office Therfore let your maiesty diligeÌ„tly forsee and deliberate how through your most wise discrete counsaile if neede shall require you will answere to those subtilties of the Pope Â¶ A certaine godly exhortation vnto the Emperours Maiestie YOur maiesty caÌ„ do nothing better nothing more acceptable or more worthy eternall remembraÌ„ce theÌ„ to moderate the great exactions and oppressions of the Germaines to take away all occasion froÌ„ the laitie to persecute the Clergy also to take away the benefices out of the handes of courtisans which can neither preach comfort nor counsaile any man of which benefises as Aeneas Syluius writeth some are equall to the Byshoprickes of Italye to encrease Gods honour and worship and so to bridle the auarice vngodlines of those courtisans wherby your maiesty may the better prouide for the children of many noble famous men and Cityzens in Germanie which being brought vp from their youth in the vniuersities learning both the Scriptures and other humaine letters may without vnquiet vexations and most sumptuous charges contentions aspire to the Ecclesiasticall promotions who by their couÌ„saile prayers may be helpes vnto the whole Church For there is no small occasion why the realme of Fraunce should so florish hauing so many notable learned meÌ„ in it If the Emperour would abolish this unâ—iety and restore Germany vnto their auncient liberty which is now oppressed with greuous tributes and would make way for learned honest meÌ„ vnto Ecclesiasticall promotions then might he truely perpetually be called of all men in all places the restorer of Germany to his auÌ„cieÌ„t libertie the father of his countrey should obtayne no lesse glory thereby vnto himselfe and profite vnto Germany then if he had by force of armes subdued any prouince vnto th eÌ„ And so shall Germany render no lesse thankes vnto the saide Maximilian then vnto all the rest which hauing translated the Empire from the Grecians vnto Germany haue raigued many yeares before Hereafter ensueth the copy of a certaine letter of the Emperour MaximiliaÌ„ geuen out in maner of a decree or coÌ„maundemeÌ„t against certaine abuses of the Clergy Wherunto we haue also annexed the aunswere of Iacobus Selestadiensis vnto the Emperours letters wherein he seemeth also to haue sought aduise for the remedy of the like abuses which we thought good here not to be omitted An Edict of Maximilian Emperour WE according to the example of our dearely beloued father Fredericke Emperour of Rome reuerensing the chiefe Pastour of the Church and all the Clergy haue suffered no small reuenewes of the Ecclesiasticall dignityes to be caryed out of our dominion by the Prelats and Clergy that are absent whose faultes committed by humayne frailty with Constantine our predecessor we haue not disdeyned to hide and couer But for so much as thorugh our liberality the decay of Gods honour is risen it is our part to foresee which are elect vnto the Empyre without any desert that amongest all other affayres of peace and warre the Churches do not decay Religion quayle not or Gods true worship be not diminished which we haue manifestly experimented and dayly doe perceiue by the insatiable couetousnesse of some which are neuer satisfied in getting of benefices through whose absence being but resident onely vpon one Gods honour and worship is diminished houses decay Churches decrease the Ecclesiasticall liberty is hurt learning and monuments are lost and destroyed hospitality and almes diminished and by their vnsatiable greedinesse such of the Clergy as for theyr learning and vertue were worthy of Benefices and theyr wisedome profitable in common wealthes are hindered and put backe Wherefore according to the office and duety of our estate for the loue of the encrease of Gods honour we exhort and require that no man from henceforth hauing any Canonship or

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