Common People then neglect or forsake that which conduced to the King's service SECT XXXVI THis message which the Post brought from Segovia to the Governors declaring the crueltie done in that Citie possessed them with much trouble and care These risings touched the Cardinal to the heart and hereupon hee entred into consultation with those Gentlemen whom his Majestie had appointed to assist him After this the Gentlemen and Regidores of Segovia sent another Messinger to make their excuse to the Governor alledging That they had nothing to doe in the Death of Tordesillas nor the other two men neither were they able to hinder it in regard of the Mutinie of a great multitude of teazers of Wooll who made that scandalous uproar and outrage men of strange places vagabonds and who were already dispersed and fled from the Citie That if it could bee proved that anie man of account or worth in the Citie was amongst them or but anie waie favoured assisted or so much as consented to their barbarous proceeding they would willingly submit themselvs to anie Punishment that could bee inflicted on them The President of the Council Don Antonio de Rojas Arch-Bishop of Granada grew so cholerick and furious that through excess of passion hee gave the Messengers whom the Gentlemen Regidores and Citizens had sent to make their excuses such reproachful language and high threatnings that it spoiled all For returning to their Citie much distasted with this answer They were all scandalizâ—d at it and those that before were very quiet and peaceable began to incline to the Mutiniers The Cardinal beeing arrived at Valladolid the 5th of Iune 1520 the day before Corpus Christi eve the Arch-Bishop beeing gon thither two daies before Hee assembled all the Council and asked their opinions which were very different concerning this matter And becaus they are of so much importance to the Historie I will set down som of the most remarkable which were then taken in writing The first that spake was Don Antonio de Rojas President of the Council who declared himself in these words The opinion of Don Antonio de Rojas concerning Segovia MY LORDS wee who are dedicated to the Divine Sacraments have not the libertie to speak over boldly iâ— matters which concern humane rigors and chastisements becaus our profession is to shed tears for those which transgress against the God of Heaven and not spill the blood of those who offend earthlie Kings You see My Lords if the dignitie of Arch-Bishop invite's me to Clemencie the office of President which is conferred upon mee constrain's me to Iustice. This I say My Lords that you mâ—y not bee scandalized if I declare my self in this my vote I denie not that our Lord God giveth a beginning to all things with his Providence but yet manie of them hee persu's and concludeth with his rigor and Iustice. And this hee doth that the Good may bee incouraged to serv him and the wicked refrain from displeasing him According to this saying of the Prophet Misericordiam Judicium cantabo tibi Domine To com to the Purpose which now is in agitation This action of Segovia for my particular I hold it so hainous and scandalous that I cannot think of any Punishment great enough for it For where the offence is without weight the Penaltie ought to bee beyond measure Those of the Citie of Segovia have offended God in so barbarously putting to Death a man who better deserved to live then They. Which wicked action is of no less consequence then that it should wreak God's Iudgments upon them for the blood of his Innocencie is no other then the Crier or Proclaimer of Vengeance Again in my sense they are guiltie of Crimen laesâ—e Majestatis and it is very palpable for they did not murther Tordesillas for any offence hee had done them but for the service hee did the King in the Parlament And since for the King hee lost his life the King is obliged to see him revenged and in respect his Majestie is gone out of Castilla to receiv the Imperial Crown in Germanie It will bee sufficient if hee return in prosperitie that hee reward his wife and Children with some gratuity And wee are to proceed according to Iustice considering that the offence is as hainous as if it had been done to his own person For if I have served his Majestie beeing here present in giving him good Counsel I shall serv him more now My Lords in punishing misdeeds in his absence Moreover Since the King our Sovereign took shipping at the Groyn This is the first act of disobedience in Spain Wherefore I judge their crime the greater For an offence committed in absence alwaies argueth the more malice and where the malice is so great the Punishment ought to bee correspondent Item it is alleadged by those of Segovia that the Citie in general is not guiltie of this fact but only som particular men Carders did hang Tordesillas upon the Gallows I would fain know of them what was the reason why they did not punish those fellows since they were but few for there is no such testimonie of Innocence as to execute Iustice upon offenders In my opinion the Citie of Segovia cannot plead Non-Guiltie in this case for Five Thousand Citizens if they had listed might easily have withstood the furious insolence of Fiftie Teazers and those Strangers too But some secretly with their counsels others publickly using violence committed this insolent outrage For if it bee a crime in Wicked men to murther the good It is no less crime in good men not to resist the Wicked You have seen My Lords the peremptoriness of those of Toledo The King our Lord beeing at his Parlament in Santjago and the Groyn which was so great and scandalous that for my part I know not which was more to bee condemned their malicâ— in so doing or Xeures his negligence in not remedying it Wherefore I say that if that which was done hee being here hath pas't unpunished and this which hath bin committed in his absence be not remedyed from henceforwards I give all Castilla for lost and ruined For this is a General maxime if Iustice once lose her force presently start's up insulting Tyrannie Item since his Majestie 's departure out of this Kingdom This is the first scandal wherein it is requisite that the Council make appeare their Counsel and wisdom And there is nothing that can give a greater evidence thereof then in governing the People in such sort that wee may gain the affections of the good and bee no less feared by the evil If the death of this Regidor bee thus smothered and the insolence of Toledo dissembled the Carders of Segovia will thinke and the Cap-makers of Toledo will Proclaime that wee doe not let these things pass with our good wills but that wee dare not punish them And by this means Iustice will bee defamed in that shee cover's Feare and which is worst of all will
people for I am more beholding to my friends and neighbors then I am to Strangers If the Officers doe any thing against Law and Iustice which hitherto they have not done like Christians and Gentlemen wee are obliged to advise and reprove them in secret and not defame them publickly and if this which I say now unto you soundeth not well in your ears perchance that which will result hereof will please you wors for ill words inconsiderately spoken somtimes are dearly repented This speech was so ill taken by them all that with shouting and great violence they seized on him cast a rope about his neck and with huge nois and exclamations they dragged him out of the Citie but they bruised him with so many stripes that hee was dead before hee came to the gallowes yet they hung up his body upon it As they returned from hanging this unfortunate Melon they met by the way a companion of his called Roque Portalejo To whom one of them said as they came along Portalejo thy Companion Melon remember's him to thee there hee hang's upon the gallows and hee saies hee hopes thou wilt beare him Company there to morrow and t' were no great matter if wee made thee accept of his invitation for since thou wast his companion in the fault it is but reason thou shouldst beare a share of the punishment Portalejo replyed God preserve the King my Lord and his Iustice for one day you may repent you for what you haue done and Segovia for permitting it for the blood of the Innocent although men doe forget it is alwaies crying out for vengeance before God Hereupon and because they saw him with a pen and paper one of them began to say that hee tooke the names of those that had killed Melon upon which words they all cryed out kill him kill him So with the same fury in a disorderly rout as they had done to Melon they layd hands on him and dragged him to the gallows where they hang'd him by the feet so the poore man dyed They spent all that day in execution of those two The next day being wednesday The Citie sat in counsell the Regidor Tordesillas went thither to give account of what hee had don in Parlament although hee was advised to the contrary The place of meeting was at St Michael's Church The People beeing told that Tordesillas had granted the subsidie and that hee was at the Council a great number of Carders ran in a tumultuous manner thither and climing over the dores and breaking in at the windowes they violently layed hands upon him and dragged him out of the Church Antonio de Tordesillas intreating them to forbeare sayed Gentlemen heare me I come to give you an account See here the Articles which I bring bee pacified and let us goe to some place where you may bee informed of the truth But this satisfied not the multitude of Teazers was so outragious some cryed let us carry him to Santa Olalla and poor Tordesillas said whither you please Gentlemen Others cryed Kill â—im kill him Others sayed Tordesillas give us those articles Hee answered Since you will haue it so there take them then hee drew a paper out of his pocket wherein was conteined all that hee had done in the Parlament Which they tore in peeces without ever reading it And with one voice they cryed out to prison with him there wee shall see his treason then they set him upon a Mule beeing clad with a long cassock or gaberdine of crimson velvet Hee had not gone faâ—r but some of them crying Art thou catched layed hands again upon him and having knocked him off the Mule they hurried him into the Prison others cryed out A rope a rope let â—im not stay in prison let us have him strait to the gallowes And presently with lowd exclamations they cryed out all together Let him die let him die And a rope beeing brought they put it about his neck and plucked him down to the ground then dragged him along the streets punching him and giving him great blowes upon the head with the pummels of their swords and although hee cryed out to them with grievous sighs and pitiful groans saying Gentlemen heare me why doe you kill mee it availed nothing Hee desired to confess and they would not suffer him The Dean and Canonâ— with their Sacerdotal habits came forth to them carrying the holy Sacrament And which was most grievous of all Tordesilla's own brother a Franciscan Fryer a very grave man in his habit ready to say mass and the holy Sacrament in his hands with all the rest of the Fryers of St Francis order came out and kneeling all before this crew they begged of them with tears to spare his life for Christ Iesuâ—s sake But in regard all that Rabble was of the common and baser sort of People they made no reckoning of them nor bore any respect or reverence to the Church Then the Fryers desired if there was no remedy but that hee must die that they would give him leav to make his confession which they refused And when they had brought him to the gallows half choaked already with the rope they tyed his feet and hung him with his head downwards betwixt the two others they had hanged the day before Thus this poor Gentleman ended his life and doubtless his companion Iohn Vazquez had tasted of the same cup had hee not absented himself but hee escaped being advertised by this disaster SECT XXXV THis done the Common People of Segovia elected their Deputies of the Commonalty turned out all tâ—e King's officers of Iustice and authorised others to officiate for them then seized upon all the gates of the Citie About that time was come to Segovia Don Hernando de Bovadilla Earl of Chinchon who had great power in the Citie having the command of the Forts Gates and Mint-hous which place was given his ancestors and him by the King for former services The Common People possessing themselvs of the Gates and a hous Don Hernando had within the Citie Hee presently made all his servants and the officers of the Gates retire into the Forts that there might bee men enough to defend them in case they should be assaulted and leaving them to his brother Don Diego'â— charge and care hee went to a Fortress of his own in the Countrie and took out all the peeces of Artillerie hee had there which hee brought with more servants and other People to reliev his brother who was by that time besieged and streightned in those Forts by the Commons which siege lasted all the time of the troubles and the warre was cruell on both sides Don Diego defending himself with great dexterity and valor The generositie and loyaltie of these Gentlemen was so great that to defend the Forts committed to their charge by the King they disarmed their own choosing rather to leave their own Townes and Holds openly exposed to bee destroied by the fury of the
High Constable out of the Citie But hee seeing fair words and gentleness prevailed nothing at all with them determined to carrie it with an high hand and make them to submit per force having taken the Command of the Fort from them To bring this resolution to effect one daie hee drew up his souldiers and servants all in Arms in a broad place before his own hous thither repaired to him forthvvith Don Iohn de la Cerda Duke of Medina Cely Don Luis de la Cerda Marquis of Cogolludo his son Don Alonso de Arellano Earl of Aguilar Don Antonio de Velasco Earl of Nieva with his two sons Don Hernando de Bobadilla Earl of Chinchon Don Bernardino de Cardenas Marquis of Elche eldest son to the Duke of Maqueda and son in Law to the Lord High Constable besides divers other persons of honor with their kindred and servants who were all resolved to venture their lives with him in this design which the people perceiving they all assembled likewise intending to fight with these Noblemen and they were so near engaging that som Arrows were interchanged from each partie and the bullets began to flie also but the chief of the Citie seeing the advantage the Nobles had over the People they speedily sent to require and command the Commoners to bee quiet and peaceably laying down their Arms to obey the Commands of the Lord High Constable as their vice-Vice-King and Governor which they did without much contestation and followed very submissively and quietly the Lord High Constable who went directly to the Fort requiring the Governor to deliver it him presently otherwise hee protested hee would enter it by force and execute Justice upon him and all the rest with him Som disputes and controversie there was thereupon but before night it was surrendered and the Lord High Constable put in another Governor for his Majestie placed a Corregidor in the Citie and re-established the government in the same manner it had been formerly Thus Burgos not beeing able to resist was pacified and reduced to the obedience of his Majestie wherein that Citie continued ever after SECT XVI THis done the Lord High Constable sent Don Iuan Manrique the Duke of Naxara's eldest son to suppress those of the Merindades and by reason hee was very young Martin Ruiz de AvendanÌ„â— and Gomez de Butron Gentlemen of great account in those parts and in Biscaya were appointed to go along with him beeing arrived there those Gentlemen carried the business so discreetly that there was a peace concluded betwixt the Lord High Constable and those of the Merindades But it lasted not long for Gonsalo de Barabona the Abbat of Rueda Garcia de Arce but chiefly Don Pedro de Ayala Earl of Salvatierra infringed it who was grown very powerful in those mountainous parts and so besotted with that inconsiderate passion that by his obstinacie hee brought himself to a miserable end to the utter ruine and destruction of one of the most honorable and most antient families of Castilla and the Mountains SECT XVII AT the time that most of the Cities of Castilla declared for the Commonaltie in the province of Alava and Citie of Vitoria that opinion was not generally received nor allowed although som did take the libertie to speak over lavishly especially against those of the Council In this season was brought to the said province and Citie of Vitoria a Letter from Burgos wherein that Citie as the chief of Castilla desired those of that province to send two persons whom they pleased to confer with them at Burgos At the same time were brought other Letters from the province of Guipuzcoa and the Countie of Biscaya desiring that they might all unite together The Citie of Naxara and Town of Haro desired that they would assist them against the Lord high Constable and the Duke of Naxara who they said did tyrannize too much over them Vitoria returned civil answers to all Burgos onely excepted to whom they would not write becaus they made themselvs their Superiors in styling that the Metropolitan Citie of Castilla for the Citie of Vitoria did presume that they and their province of Alava were absolute of themselvs without any dependencie or relation to Burgos as their Head But they sent Iohn de Alava who at that time was Merino Mayor that is Chief Judg of Vitoria to let their Embassadors understand by word of mouth the preheminence of that Countrie and that they could not condescend to the Union which they desired for they understood that Burgos had shaken hands with their obedience to his Majestie and they would not bee participant of their disloialtie This answer was no less unexpected then unwelcom to those of Burgos About the same time some Towns of the Province of Guipuâ—coa infected with the Common Contagion fell foul upon the Citie of San Sebastian becaus they would not approve of their extravagant opinions cutting down and spoiling their Orchards for they have no Vineyards and doing them divers other mischiefs But prevailing not there they wrote and held correspondence with divers other places by means of Pedro Ochoa de Santa Maria de Mondragon a subtil fellow who was their Mercurie At length Vitoria tainted with the same diseas had joyned in confederacie with them but that Diego Martinez de Alava Deputie-General of that province with others his allies and kinsmen endeavored to restrain them from a design so wicked and prejudicial to his Majestie SECT XVIII THe Earl of Salvatierra beeing at difference with Madama Margarita his Ladie insomuch that hee would not live with her shee addressed her complaints to his Majestie of her grievances and of the indignities which through his cross and unworthie disposition shee was enforced to suffer Whereupon it was ordered by his Majestie that the said Countess with her Children should remain in Vitoria and that the Earl should allow them maintenance according to their qualities and an exprâ—ss Command from his Majestie was sent to Diego Martinez de Alava Deputie general of that Province to see the said order punctually observed who desiring to execute this Command by the Autoritie and means of the Council the Earl thought to counterpois that power by making the Commonaltie of his side who did him little good in this particular although those of the Iunta sent to that Province and to the Citie of Vitoria a Judg called Antonio Gomez de Ayala who afterwards was executed for a notorious Commoner at Valladolid with orders and power to give sentence in favor or against any that should bee brought before him his addresses were particularly to the Earl of Salvatierra to the end that hee might assist and support him The Eaâ—l gave him fiftie men who attended on him at his coming into Vitoria which the Deputie Diego Martinez de Alava and Pedro Martinez his brother with others of their kindred seeing and knowing that hee brought particular orders against them from the Iunta at Tordesillas
in his hand a Lance all plated with iron wherewith meeting Don Pedro Baçan who was a corpulent heavie man and but slightly armed him hee gave so rude a salutation that hee was soon unhors't Iohn de Padilla still charged on crying Santjago Libertad which was the Commoner's word and the Cavalier's word was Santa Maria y Carlos at last hee broke his Lanâ—e to the cost of som of his enemies after which Don Alonso de la Cueva singled him out and having wounded him bade him deliver his Arms which hee did Beeing thus a prisoner Don Iohn de Ulloa a Gentleman of Toro came riding up and asking who that was som told him that 't was Iohn de Padilla whereupon hee gave him a cut over the Bever and hurt his nose but not much for which hee was mightily condemned by all that saw or heard of that ungentleman-like action So John de Padilla was dismounted and remained Prisoner John Bravo Captain of the Segovians who would also signalize himself was likewise taken and Francisco Maldonado Captain of the Salamanca forces had the like destinie but his men having all forsaken him hee was catch't running after them as hard as hee could The Cavaliers spent all the rest of that daie in wounding killing and taking having the pursuit of their enemies two long leagues and a half Many dying men desired to make their confessions but there was no bodie would assist them nor take any compalsion of their condition which was a lamentable spectacle beeing all Christians friends and kindred The Cavaliers beeing masters of the field stript all both living and dead sharing the spoil equally amongst themselvs John de Padilla vvould oft bemoan his sad misfortune saying If after the taking of Torrelobaton hee had followed on his victorie hee should never have been reduced to so deplorable a condition vvhich vvas very true for by his staying tvvo months there the Cavaliers cunningly delaied the time vvith Cessations until they had so strengthened their Partie that they over-povvered him But the All-seeing Providence disposed it othervvise At first the Commonalties hearing that their Armie vvas routed and John de Padilla taken gave out that it vvas som plot or treacherie of his to lose the battle laying many other things of this nature to his charge but they vvere better satisfied of his realitie to their Caus vvhen they savv hee lost his head for it SECT XIX THe next morning betimes the Governors commanded Don Pedro de la Cueva to convoy the prisoners Iohn de Padilla Don Pedro Maldonado Francisco Maldonado Iohn Bravo to the Castle of Villalva While they were preparing to go Iohn de Padilla asked Don Pedro whither hee was commanded to carrie them who answered him That for the present they were to go to Villalva whither afterwards hee knew not Soon after they were sent for thence to Villalar and put into a hous with a good guard upon them The Governors beeing infomed of their arrival there gave order that Iohn de Padilla Iohn Bravo and Don Pedro Maldonado should bee beheaded and Francisco Maldonado carried to the Castle of Tordesillas But as hee was on the waie thither a messenger overtook him from the Governors who told Malbaseda Lievtenant to Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoça who had the charge of him that hee should bring Francisco Maldonado back again to execution for the Earl of Venavente had desired them not to behead Don Pedro Maldonado in his presence beeing his Nephew And becaus it had been divulged that Don Pedro Maldonado should bee beheaded which at the Earl's entreatie was countermanded the Lords had Voted that Francisco Maldonado should bee executed in his place So hee beeing returned the Governors sent for the Alcalde of the Chancerie of Valladolid Commanding him to execute Justice upon the persons of Iohn de Padella Iohn Bravo and Francisco Maldonado The Alcalde presently went to the hous where they were prisoners and bade them prepare themselvs for the Governors had given order for their executions Iohn de Padilla desired him to send him a learned Priest to confess him and a Notarie to make his Will and som witnesses The Alcalde replied That in the place where they then were hee could not exspect to finde any men of extraordinarie learning yet hee would enquire and if hee could finde one hee would satisfie his desire therein but as for a Notarie to make his Will hee need not trouble himself for all his goods and estate were Confiscate In the condemnation of these Gentlemen there was no process nor formal proceeding made as used to bee in other criminal causes by reason of the evidence of the fact and the qualitie of the offence At last a Priest was sent to them and Iohn de Padilla beeing at Confession a Franciscan Frier came who was thought an abler man so Iohn de Padilla and the rest made use of him Their Confessions beeing ended they were brought forth and carried upon Mules to the place of Execution Before them went a Crier saying This is the Justice which his Majestie and the Lord High Constable with the other Governors do command in his name to bee executed upon the persons of these Gentlâ—men Their command is that they shall bee beheaded as Traitors disturbers of the Kingdom and usurpers of the Roial Crown c. The said Alcalde Zarate and the Licenciado Cornejo Alcalde de Corte went along with them to autorise the execution of the Justice John Bravo hearing the Crier saie that they were to suffer for beeing Traitors hee replied Hangman thou liest and those that bid thee saie so we are no Traitors but zealous for the publick good and defendors of the Kingdom 's liberties Hereupon the Alcalde Cornejo bid John Bravo hold his peace whereunto John Bravo answered I know not what and the Alcalde gave him a punch in the breast with his staff wishing him to consider his present condition and not affect such vanities And John de Padilla said moreover to him SenÌ„or John Bravo yesterday was the time to fight and shew your self a valiant Gentleman this daie to die like a Christian. So the Crier continued his lesson until they came to the place of execution where being arrived they all alighted from their Mules to receiv the fatal blow John Bravo beeing first called to execution they bid him bend and settle himself in a fit posture hee replied That they might force him if they would and so they did seizing on him and stretching him upon a carpet which done the Hangman cut his throat and would do no more until the Alcalde Cornejo commanded him to cut his head quite off saying Traitors were so to bee used and their heads to bee set upon the gallows which was done accordingly The next beeing Padilla's turn hee very willingly prepared himself and having taken of certain Reliques which hee wore about his neck hee gave them to Don Enrique de Sandoval y Rojas
the vanitie of anie earthly Crowns Having received this repuls hee agreed with Lewis King of France that hee should make the match betwixt him and Madam Germana daughter to Gaston de Foix and to the said French King's sister which was concluded upon this condition That King Lewis in stead of her Dowrie should grant and pass over to Don Fernando the right which hee pretended to the kingdom of Naples and that if the Queen should die before him without issue hee should succeed and inherit the same title but if shee should survive Don Fernando that Lewis should repossess the said claim These Articles beeing confirmed they made a Peace betwixt France and Spain for a hundred and one years but it scarce continued so manie weeks and Don Iuan de Silva Earl of Cifuentes with the Vice-Chancellor of Aragon went into France to attend and conduct her Majestie into Castillia SECT IV. THe Castillians in mean time beeing very desirous to have their Natural Sovereign amongst them importuned by frequent messages and invitations Donnia Iuana and her husband to return and bring their Children with them into Spain Whereupon Don Philip having provided a Fleet for the purpose they departed Flanders leaving the Prince Don Carles under the care and tuition of the Emperor Maximiliano and Donnia Margarita widdow to the Duke of Savoye and at last though tossed with much storm and tempests by the waie they landed safe at the Groyne in Galicia Don Fernando hearing of their arrival went to meet them betwixt La Puebla de Sanabria and Asturianos This interview occasioned no small discontent betwixt these Princes for Kings will admit of no competitors or Companions no not of their own châ—ldren in matters of Government and Command Whereupon Don Fernando forsaken by all but onely the Duke of Alva and the Earl of Altamira with som few others took his waie to Villafafila and Tordesillas and King Philip with his Queen to Venauente attended by all the Nobles and flower of Castillia besides strangers to the number of above two thousand hors One caus of their discord was about the title and inscription of Commissions Patents and other dispatches Roial which at last was determined and agreed that all things should pass in the names of Don Fernando Don Philip and Donnia Iuana But this style was soon altered by the unexspected dâ—ath of Don Philip which hapned at Burges hee had but seven daies of sickness which was thought to bee a surfeit and past from this life to the eternal on fridaie the fifth of September annoâ—â—0â— â—â—0â— beeing aged but twentie eight years and having enjoied the Kingdom of Castillia a year and ten moneths lacking one daie hee commanded that his heart should bee carried to Bruxels his bodie to Granada and his bowels to remain there His death was much lamented by the Emperor his Father for besides that hee was his onely son hee was one of the handsomest men of his time therefore hee was called Philip the Fair and the nobleness of his minde was answerable to the feature of his bodie Donnia Iuana his Queen was so sensible of his loss that with the extremitie of sorrow and her incessant weeping shee became in a manner distracted An old woman in Galicia seeing him at his landing and beeing told who hee was said That hee should bee a longer time and travel more leagues in Castillia beeing dead then living which proved so for the Queen carried his bodie with her from place to place and would not suffer it to bee buried for manie years after Hee left two sons Don Carles and Don Fernando both Emperors and three daughters all mightie Queens Donnia Leonor first reigned in Portugal and afterwards was married to the King of France Donnia Catalina was wife to Don Iohn the Third King of Portugal Aunt and Mother-in-law to Philip the Second of Spain And Donnia Maria had for her husband Lewis King of Bohemia and Hungaria SECT V. IN mean time Don Fernando beeing married to the Queen Germana and distasted in Castillia retired himself into Aragon from thence beeing upon his â—ournie to Naples the Castilliâ—ns gave him notice of Don Philip's death and of the necesâ—itie that there was of his Roial presence but hee refused to return beeing incensed against som of them for their ingratitude to him By the death of Don Philip and the absence of King Fernando divers tumults and seditions arose in the kingdom the people refusing to obeie the Magistrates and Officers of Justice and the Nobles wanted not factions and partialities amongst them to trouble and disquiet the Countrie and almost everie Citie throughout the Kingdom was infected with the same contagion Som crying up Charls or Don Carles others Fernando no small number stood for Maximiliano but verie few made anie mention of Donnia Iuana who whether out of a sens of her own disabilitie or overcom with melancholie for her husbands deceas had retired her self at Tordesillas refusing to govern or trouble her head with State-affairs Whereupon with the consent of most part of the Peers and Nobles of the Realm the Cardinal Ximenez Don Bernardino de Velasso Lord high Constable and Don Pedro Manrique Duke of Naxara took upon them the administration of Government for the present they made Don Alonso Suarez Bishop of Iaen President of their Council assisted by Doctor Tello el Licenciado Polanco and other learned Lawyers They called a Parlament wherein they ordered to send to Don Fernando desiring him in the name of the Queen and the whole Kingdom to return and undertake the Government for his Daughter and Grandchilde Which hee beeing more readie to accept then they to offer did not refuse but returned answer that having setled the business which had called him to Naples hee would satisfie their desires And after som time leaving Don Iuan de Aragon Earl of Ribagorsa his Vice-Roy hee embarqued himself for Spain with his Queen Germana Don Gonsalo Fernandez de Cordova commonly called the gran Capitan and a great train of Spanish Gentlemen that attended him in his voiage Beeing arrived at Valentia the Queen Donnia Iuana went to meet him whom hee received with signs of much affection and fatherlie tenderness which shee answered with all the honor and due obedience that could bee exspected from an observant Daughter for although the excess of sorrow had weakned her intellectual faculties yet shee never lost her respect to her Father but paied him with all humilitie and filial dutie neither was shee ever heard to utter anie mis becoming words which is common to people tainted with her infirmitie The eighth of October the King and Queens came to Arcos where Donnia Iuana desiring to staie Don Fernando went with his Court to Burges leaving her a good number of Noblemen and Ladies besides guards suitable to the dignitie of her person Som years after Don Fernando left the troubles of this transitorie life to enjoie the quietness and bliss of the
his Mother Donnia Iuana was living who was right heir to the Crown and that hee first should swear to maintein and observ the fundamental Laws and Customs of the Kingdom especially that no Offices or places of Benefit or Trust either Ecclesiastical or Temporal should bee conferred upon anie that were not Natives of that Countrie But at last all beeing agreed both the Grandees and Commissioners of the kingdom took the Oath the Cerimonie was in this manner On Sundaie the 7th of Februarie 1518 the Prince accompanied by all the Embassadors and Nobles of his Dominions having heard Mass in St Paul's Church at Valladolid was seated in a chair before the Altar and Adriano Cardinal of Tortosa holding the Evangelists in his hands Don Garzia de Padilla read with a loud voice the contents of the Oath which don the Infante Don Fernando swore first upon the book then went to kiss the King's hand but the King refusing to give his hand embraced him and laid his cheek to his brother's After that the Infante took his Sister Donnia Leoner by the hand and led her to swear and afterwards to kiss his Majestie 's hand but the King arose and kissed her cheek then they passed on the King's right hand and Don Fernando stood close to his chair bare headed Immediately came the Infante of Granada with the Arch-Bishop of Santiago the Bishop of Granado and other Prelates to take the Oath after them followed the Grandees and Nobles there present to whom the Infante Don Fernando held the Book Don Garzia read the Oath to the Nobles and likewise to the Commissioners of the several Cities who having sworn went all to kiss his Majestie 's hand After all which the King swore upon the same holy Evangelists to keep and fulfil all and everie thing and Article which hee had promissed and agreed of with the Commissioners Moreover was added if at anie time it should pleas God to restore the Queen Donnia Iuana his mother to her perfect health and abilitie to rule her Kingdom that hee should desist from the Government and that onely shee should reign That in all Writings Letters Commissions or publick Acts whatsoëver during the said Donnia Iuana's life her name should bee set in the first place and then his And that hee should bee styled onely Prince of Spain This don Te Deum laudamus was sung with great solemnitie and varietie of musical Instruments The Commissioners of the Kingdom beeing all assembled in Valladolid made a very discreet speech to the King in answer to that which the Bishop of Badajos and Don Garzia de Padilla had propounded in his Majestie 's name intimating that amongst themselvs they should seriously consider and weigh those things which were important to the good preservation and increasing of those kingdoms The Commissioners desired with very valid and good reasons That his Majestie would put in execution the holie and Catholick Propositions which hee had expressed in favor of his kingdom and the Subjects thereof And that they might enjoie the fruit of his so virtuous and holie desires they came to put him in minde how by a decree and express order from Heaven hee was chosen and called to bee King whose office was to govern well and to govern well was to administer Iustice giving to everie one that which is his and they desired that his chief ends and intention might tend thereunto for although Kings do possess divers other qualities and things recommendable as their linage dignities power honor riches delights estimation c. none of all these make a King according to right but onely the administring of Iustice And for this onely and in the name thereof the holie Ghost hath said That kings do reign That Iustice and the ruling therewith do require that when the Subjects sleep their kings should watch And that it was his part so to do for in effect hee was as an hireling to his Subjects for that caus did they give him part of their fruits and estates and serv him with their persons if need requiring it bee his pleasure to call them That by a certain tacit contract the King is obliged to do Iustice to his people which is a thing of such excellencie and Dignitie that God hath made it one of his own attributes calling himself the Iust Iudg that God beeing so great a friend and lover of Iustice would likewise bee a friend to him that should bee careful in preserving and administring thereof That the charge of him that is to judg beeing of such high importance hee whom God hath called to manage a Scepter hath need of som assistant therefore it is necessarie that the King should have som inferior Ministers that may bear a part of that weightie burthen and incessant cares which accompanie the Roial dignitie the supream Power still remaining in his own hands That a good King ought to choos and seek out such men for his Ministers as Moses did when hee received a command from God to elect seventie and two men out of his people who might assist him in the Government and eas him of a part of the care and troubles wherewith hee was surcharâ—â—d those men were to bee wise of mature years fearing God enemies to Covetousness and all other passions which may blinde and pervert the understanding That although they doubted not to finde all these perfections in his highness yet they humbly desired him to ratifie the ensuing Articles 1. That the Queen Donnia Iuana his mother might have a Court and attendants suitable to the Dignitie of her person as beeing the Queen and Ladie proprietarie of those Kingdoms whereunto hee answered That hee thanked them and assured them that hee had nothing in greater recommendation then what concerned that particular as they should finde by effects 2. That hee would bee pleased to marrie with what convenient speed might bee it beeing very requisite for the good of the kingdom that hee should leav a prosperous issue to rule manie years over them the King replyed That hee would consider thereupon and do that which shall bee most conducing to his honor the benefit of his Kingdoms and the succession thereof 3. That the Infante Don Fernando might not go out of the kingdom until hee were married and had children the king made answer That hee was not more careful of anie thing in the world then of the advancement of his brother the Infante and that hee would order nothing to bee don concerning his person but what should bee for his advantage and the good of those kingdoms 4. That hee would bee pleased to speak Spanish for by practising hee would the sooner learn and better understand his Subjects and bee understood by them Hee answered That hee was well contented and would strive so to do and the rather becaus they desired it in the name of the Kingdoms so afterwards hee did speak Spanish with them and others 5. That hee would not alienate anie
do him anie disservice It will appear more evidently in the Progress of this Historie and by the letters which passed between them whereof som I have set down in the same manner as they were written in the originals becaus the particularitie of the Historie doth require it in a matter of such weight and danger And since the Loialtie of Spain come's in question who have alwaies had their Princes in so high a reverence that they honored and respected their verie Statues and pictures as if they had been their Sovereign's whom they represented I will before I go anie further declare the ground and reasons upon which the Castillians founded their complaints and grievances as I have gathered them from those who were eie-witnesses and have penn'd all the several passages with much discretion respect fear of God and with a minde free from partialitie SECT II. THe familiaritie of Monsieur de Xeures with the King was so great that hee rather seemed to bee the King and the King his Son then to bee Xeures his Vassal and Creature as hee was There was no access nor speaking with the King but when Xeures pleased if anie thing succceded well Xeures assumed the glorie to himself giving out that hee had don it if ill hee alwaies laid the fault upon the King saying The King would have it so And indeed this was the first occasion that begat the innocent Prince the ill will of his People I have seen a memorial of these Passages which a Gentleman one of the King 's Domestick servants wrote and averreth to have been an eie-witness of them Hee report's that while the King was yet in his minoritie and unacquainted with State-affairs Xeures would suffer no bodie to speak with him unless hee were first informed of the business that so hee might put into the King's mouth what hee would have him to answer and if anie refused to impart their business to him they were so far from having audience that hee would not suffer them to enter into his Majestie 's presence Thus did hee deal with those that were sent from Toledo and divers other Cities Indeed at that time all the Castillians were very much discountenanced and not treated as their's and their Predecessor's services had deserved The Flemings perceived the mindes of the Spaniards disposed for all mischief much ambition and little friendship beeing amongst them for som devoted themselâ—s particularly to King Ferdinand the Catholick others to King Philip the Fair. These were kindes of Factions wherewith were possessed for som daies the mindes of manie People Mercurino Gatinara Lord high Chancellor was second in the Emperor's favor and as the Autoritie and familiaritie with Princes admit of no Competitor Xeures and this Chancellor could not endure each other they both presumed so much that each of them would command alone and ambitioned a Power above the other these made themselvs the Heads of those two Factions and added more poison to their malice and discontents Xeures favored those of Ferdinando and the Chancellor sided with those of Don Philip's Partie And all was ill as the Proverb saie's for the poor Pitcher for the distressed Countrie of Spain had all the sufferings Xeures was so corrupt and covetous that he sold all the King's Favors Offices Bishopricks Honors and whatsoëver hee conceived would yield him money The Chancellor did the like with all Iustice-ships and other Offices so that secluded Iustice was enforc'd to give up her Seat and Sword to the Tyrannie of over-ruling Avarice onely monie then bore the swaie no Right no Equitie was able to counterpoiz the weight of Gold all things and places as in the times of Catiline at Rome were then put to sale The Flemings were much encouraged with this fine gold and Ingots of pure Silver that came from the Indies and the simple Spaniards so blinde in giving it for their pretensions that it became as common as a Proverb for a Fleming to call a Spaniard My Indian And indeed it was not improper for the Indians never gave so much gold to the Spaniards as the Spaniards did to the Flemings this in time grew to such a pass that it was publickly sung along the streets Double Pistol it 's well for thee That from Xeures thou art free It is reported that a certain Pretendent or Petitioner who had presented Xeures with a very handsom Mule and hee beeing asked by another Gentleman where hee had gotten that curious beast answered That hee knew not who had given it him beeing within hearing and very much aggrieved to see himself so soon forgotten and the business hee had communicated to Xeures so neglected give 's forthwith order to have his Mule cried declaring all his marks and describing the furniture hee had bestowed on him which the same Gentleman hearing of went presently and told Xeures that according to the marks it must needs bee that this Mule had been stolen Thus the poor Petitioner recovered what hee had given him and lost not all as most men do in such occurrences for there is no memorie so weak as that of a covetous man in Power who digest's gold with more facililitie then Estriches do Iron SECT III. THere was no monie to bee got in the whole Kingdom but pieces of nine Marauediz which is three half-pence English for all better coins Xeures had transported What shall I saie Besides that which was ship't for Flanders from Barcelona beeing 750 Millions from the Groyne 950 Millions and from other parts 800 Millions so that it exceeded the number of twentie five hundred millions which was enough to make him equal to the most powerful and richest King But consider in what condition did poor Castillia remain after such a dreining Besides all this the Flemings held the â—paniards in so mean esteem that they insulted over them as if they had been their slaves or rather beasts they would break open their houses at their pleasures abuse their wives in their own presence carrie away their goods and no Justice to bee had against them It hapned that a Castillian having killed a Fleming at Valladolid took Sanctuare in St Marie Magdalen's Church Som Flemings violently breaking in upon him and stabbing him in divers places there made him a sad sacrifice to their revengeful furie which don they went cleer away unchastiled unquestioned That which bred the People's greatest dislike of their King was that they could not bee admitted into his Presence treat with him nor â—o much as know him For Xâ—uâ—es would suffer no bodie to speak with him if at anie time hee did give audience Xeures would still bee at his elbow and in regard hee did not throughly understand the Spanish Tongue hee seemed as if hee had not been spoken to This gave the rise of the People's general ill opinion of him They presently spake him a man of a weak apprehension and of an ill disposition they call'd him Dutchman and an Enemie to Spaniards They said
proceedings of Toledo said if his counsel might bee taken the Emperor should go thither it would bee but ten daies work and inflict som exemplary punishment upon them that were occasion of those troubles whereby the rest might bee deterred and quieted I wish to God hee would said Ortiz for then his Majestie would see the great damages they suffered and give order for som redress So they parted and Ortiz went that night to speak with the Lord Chancellor for hee saw there was no possibilitie of delivering his letters to the Emperor nor of speaking with him The Chancellor and Ortiz spent a great part of the night without concluding anie thing to the purpose The Emperor remained at Santjago untill the thursday in Easter week and then departed for the Groyn where hee made his entrance on Saturday following Thither repaired also the Parlament-men and Commissioners to conclude all their businesses There were produced the testimonies supplications and Acts which the Regidores and Council of Toledo had made concerning the commanding them to appear at the Court and the Power which the Citie sent to Alonso Ortiz charging him to do all the diligences therein expedient which hee did and presented himself to the Secretary Ramirez And moreover were delivered the second Orders for their appearance with greater penalties which had bin sent to Toledo and notified to the gentlemen there SECT XX. BY this time Toledo had notice of their Commissioner's banishment and of the ill success of their affairs in Court which added to the distaste those Orders had bred in them so exasperated their mindes that their passions grew beyond the bounds of moderation Som were seazed with fear others with vaporing speeches carried it very high and set themselvs to excite the People against the Iudges and those that shewed themselvs desirous to advance their Prince's service possessing them that this was for the publick good and that it was their interests and profit that then was in agitation especially Hernando de Avalos Iohn de Padilla and som others of their faction It is true at the beginning of these disorders Iohn de Padilla was the onely Bouttefeu Hernando de Avalos and other gentlemen were his Abettors and Promoters who added fewel to the fire beeing persons of mature age and experience and had acquired the repute of wise men amongst the Common people Iohn de Padilla's fault was that hee was young not above thirtie years of age and not verie readie witted either but good natured and easie to bee perswaded to any thing they would put him upon and hee wanted no instigation from these gentlemen and his wife Donia Maria Pacheco who was one of the Kingdome 's firebrands They possessed the vulgar with a thousand follies and lies intermingled with som trueths That the Emperor deserted the Kingdome that hee left Strangers to govern that his favorites and Officers had robb'd the Kingdom leaving the Countrie lean poor and dismantled of all it's fruits and wealth These things they caused to bee published in the Pulpits And to the end they might the better communicate their passion and give everie one a dose of this infectious drug they advised to assemble the people In that Citie there is a great Congregation or fraternitie called the fraternitie of Charitie which used every year to make a Solemn Procession upon this occasion there was one ordained to go from St Iusta's Church to the Cathedral Som especially Don Hernando de Silva Antonio Alvarez de Toledo and others of their opinion knowing to what end this Solemnitie was ordayned highlie opposed it saying that it was prejudicial to the King and that it was onely a plot and cunning trick of those that were disaffected and Don Hernando required the chief of the Congregation not to make anie such tumultuous meetings under color of devotion to disturb the People to the King's prejudice and dishonor of justice for if they did hee with his friends and servants would hinder it They valued not these words but rejoiced that Don Hernando de Silva did appear in the business for that would open them the way as they desired to augment the distemper of the People and enkindle their indignation And it fell out so for the People resenting and condemning highly Don Hernando's request looked on him as an enimie of the Countrie and as one that did not onely contradict and hinder the good of the common people But also the most sacred practices of devotion To bee short they did go in Procession and in the Letanie they praied that God would enlighten the understanding and direct the Heart of the Emperor well and piously to rule and govern those Kingdoms Don Hernando did not execute his Intention beeing advertised to the contrarie by the Governor to avoid further scandal In the Procession there were som things done more then needed in scorn and derision of those that did not follow that opinion and much murmuring against them Wherewith the People generally thence forwards were so infected and divers grew so audacious that justice had no force nor respect among them The disorder and confusion became excessive and there was nothing in the Citie done for the most part or concluded in Council or without but what was dictated or approved by Hernando de Avalos and Iohn de Padilla So Don Hernando de Sylva resolved to leav Toledo and go to the Emperor SECT XXI THe Emperor knew all this when Alonso Ortiz petitioned concerning the Orders for the Officers of Toledo to appear in Court and Commanded to bee delivered the Second Orders that I mentioned which were notified Iuan de Padilla delt with two gentle-men his kinsmen one called Pedro de Acunia who married one of his sisters the other Diego de Merlo who married a Cousin-german of his both powerful men in Toledo telling them they knew that the Emperor had sent for him and other gentlemen of the Citie to make their personal appearance at Court. And that upon the first and second Orders they had excused themselvs but the third Command beeing com they could not bauk it They had a thought becaus they would not have their not obeying seem to bee their faults but rather that they could not go That those gentlemen with their Allies Abbettors friends and servants assembling together should make a kinde of mutinie in the Citie and apprehending them should detain them and by no means consent to their departure whereof having certificate they might send it to the Court for their defence and by that invention bee freed from the Penalties mentioned in the Orders Those two gentlemen Pedro de Acunia and Diego de Merlo who had bin bred at Court prudently considering what Iohn de Padilla and the rest of his Consorts demanded told them that Proposition sounded not well in their ears and they desired to bee excused for not ingaging in so rash and unadvised an enterprise Iohn de Padilla and the rest perceiving there was no
bee no lodging allowed for those of the Council Judges nor anie such like Officers That the King should not give general or particular billets for the lodging of anie That the taxes and impositions should bee reduced to a certain number and the Pole-monie set at a just and moderate rate whereby the People might perceiv the grace and favor his Majestie did them That the subsidies granted by the Commissioners at the Groyn should not bee received nor demanded neither should there bee anie â—ew taxes or extraordinary tribute imposed upon the Kingdome without som evident necessitie and that it were thought requisite for the good of the Kingdom and his Majestie 's service That the King should not â—end any instructions to the Cities or form of granting Powers nor nominate any particular men for Officers but that the Cities and towns should have the freedom and libertie to bestow and confer their Powers upon such men as they should finde zealous for the good of their Republicks That the Commissioners in Parlament should have the libertie to meet when and where they pleased and to discours and confer freely with one another That such Commissioners during their emploiment should not receiv of the King anie Office favor or gift whatsoever for themselvs their Wives Children or kindred under pain of death and confiscation of goods and that those goods should bee employed for the publick reparations of the Citie or Town whereof they were Commissioners to the end that they should bee the more careful to do onely that which was most expedient for the glory of God the service of his Majestie and good of the Kingdom That everie Commissioner or Burgess should have a competent allowance from the place whose persons they represented That the Parlament beeing ended the several Commissioners should return within forty dayes to give account of what they had done under pain of losing their wages and emploiment That no gold or Silver coyned or to bee coyned should bee transported out of the Kingdom under pain of death In regard the contrary having been done the Kingdomes were impoverished and destroied That there should bee monie coyned differing as well in value as stamp from that of the neighboring Countries and that it should bee of a base alloy two Carats under the rate of the finest gold That in Weight and value it should bee answerable to the Crowns of Gold which are coyned in France Becaus that would bee a means that it should not bee transported Manie other artickles were given in touching gold and silver the particular favors and rewards of the King and other matters of justice But that which they insisted most upon was that the Councils should bee strictly looked to That the Chancery and other Courts in the Kingdom should bee visited or reviewed from six to six years and that all suits should bee dispatched in order and determined whithin a certain time without any delay That there should bee no appealing from Court to Court but that each case should bee decided at it's own Tribunal That no Counsellor or other whosoever should enjoie two offices but should apply himself to one onely These and manie other things the Nobles and Commissioners of the Kingdom desired but they fell into the hands of Strangers the King beeing young and full of thoughts of his Voiage and possession of his Empire So they remained And in regard these and other such like propositions were slighted and layd aside though presented with much zeal and affection the whole Kingdom burst out and slipping in one they fell into the Precipice of manie inconveniences as it is commonly seen They desired one thing verie Holie in the Chapter concerning Ecclesiastical dignities and pensions That they should not bee conferred upon strangers and that the acts of Naturalization which had been made should bee revoked That in the Ecclesiastical Courts there should bee no more duties payed then in the secular and that they should observ the same Statute Which I would it were well seen unto in these times There were likewise som complaints and Petitions given in against Pedrarias de Avila a gentleman of good note and quality brother to the Earl of Punio en Rostro and who had done great services yet hee was accused by som of his enemies and charged for having put manie to death unjustly at the discoverie of the Indies and committed divers Robberies and Tyrannies There were seaven consultations hereupon and Pedrarias was quitted by them all and the Emperor himself taking particular notice of the services which hee had done at Oran in Africa and the taking of Buxia besides other places in the Indies freed him notwithstanding these fals and passionate accusations and confirmed him in the government and charge which formerly had been conferred upon him and gave him som rewards besides But all this was not sufficient to stop the mouths of his enemies who gave occasion to strangers not onely of speaking ill but also of writing against this gentleman who was valiant in his own person and of antient extraction in this Kingdom And others not knowing to the contrary have followed them in the prejudicial censure of this nation and the Nobilitie thereof SECT XXXII TO the grief of those gentlemen who took ill Cardinal Adriano's beeing Governor by a general consent of the Council and Don Antonio de Rojas Arch-Bishop of Granada then President Hee was confirmed Governor of Castilla and Navarra jointly with those of his Council who were Don Alonso Tellez Lord of la-Puebla de Montalvan Hernando de Vega Chancellor of the order in Castilla Don Iohn de Fonseca Bishop of Burgos Don Antonio de Rojas Arch-Bishop of Granada and President of his Majestie 's Council of Justice and Francisco de Vargas Treasurer general these were to reside at Valladolid Antonio de Fonseca Lord of Coca was appointed Captain General of the kingdom and Don Iohn Brother to the Bishop of Burgos his Treasurer Don Iohn de la Nuza was Governor of Aragon Don Diego de Mendoza brother to the Marquis of Zenete Vice-Roy of Valencia All being thus ordered for the Government of the kingdom and the winde coming faire upon Saturday the 19.th of May at Sun-set The Emperor commanded to bee Proclaimed That all the mariners and his retinue should goe on board that night for the next day in the morning hee would set saile Sunday the 20.th of May before day hee did his devotion and received the Sacrament after which hee tooke ship Don Alonso de Fonseca Arch-Bishop of Santjago Don Iuan de Fonseca Bishop of Burgos Don Inigo de Velasco Constable of Castilla and Leon Don Diego Lopez Pacheco Marquis of Villena Don Alonso Pimentel Earl of Benavente Don Iohn Osorio Marquis of Astorga and divers other persons of quality waited on him to the Sea-side Those that imbarked with him were Don Fadrique de Toledo Duke of Alva the Marquis of Villa Franca and his son Don Hernando de
Andrade Earl of Andrade Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza who did great services to the Emperor and Monsieur de Xeures with the rest of the Flemings So with a most harmonious noise of Minstrels and Trumpets they weighed ancker and set saile with great acclamations of joy leaving sad Spaine over-charged with sorrow and misfortunes They shaped their course directly for England and the sixth day the whole Fleet arrived at the Downs The same day being whitsunday The Emperor landed with all his nobility and servants where hee was received by the Cardinal of England favorite to King Henry the Eight and by whom hee was much governed The same night the King of England came by post thither the expressions of affection and the great contentment which the King of England seemed to take in his Majestie 's company were beyond relation The next day the two King 's went to visite St Tho of Canterburie's tomb where Queen Katherine wife to King Henry and Aunt to the Emperor attended them in a sumptuously adorned Palace wherein they spent the three dayes of whitsuntide with great Jollity and feasting The holy-daies being past and the Princes having treated sufficiently of what concerned them and confirmed a Peace with great testimonies of affection on both sides the Emperor took leave of his Aunt and the King and went to Deal a harbour in the same Island And so imbarked again and sailed to Flushing His arrivall was incredibly welcom to the Inhabitants of all those Provinces the same expressions of joy were all Germany over assoon as they knew of his landing where hee was infinitely desired Hee went from Holland into Flanders without anie stay but in all places where hee did pass hee was most Splendidly entertained especially at Gant where Margarita his Aunt and the Infante Don Fernando his brother who was Arch-Duke of Austria exspected his coming Thence hee went towards Calis to visit again the King and Queen of England who mean time the Emperor was at Sea met the King of France there who endeavoured all hee could to possess the King of England with a disaffection of the Emperor whose power and greatnesse hee envied and repined at Having made this second visit the Emperor returned to Gant where hee put himself in fit equipage to receiv the Crown at Aquisgran Where we will leave him for the present and return to relate the the miseries and troubles of Spain SECT XXXIII THe Emperor's departure was diversly resented in Spain Those that were honestly minded and of sober and quiet dispositions approved of it esteeming it just and requisite but feared much what after did ensue But the factious and Seditious Party were otherwise affected They rejoiced at it and hugged themselvs in the fancie and vain hope of increasing their estates and reputation with these dissensions and alterations delighting as the Proverb saith to fish in troubled water The Emperor being gone from the Groyn all the Nobilitie and Gentrie which stayed behinde returned to their owne houses and the Commissioners or Burgesses of Parlament repayred to their respective Cities and towns with feare enough of their Republicks The Cardinal and those of his Council tooke their way towards Valladolid and before they arrived there newes was brought them of the Commotions of the Cities of Castilla The Emperor was very ill advised in not leaving the government of those Kingdoms to some Nobleman of that Countrie as was desired of him in Parlament whom as a Grandee of note and power they might feare and love honor and respect him as their Countryman Or if they had done as when necessitie constrained them they did afterwards all had been well The fault being laid upon Xeures hee sayed That it was not so ordered that his Majestie thought there were no Noblemen in Castilla worthy of that honor but because of the factions and partialities amongst them the conferring it upon one should not disgust the others SECT XXXIIII THe Cardinal and his Council being arrived at Venavente an express from Don Iohn de Acunia Governor of Segovia came to them purposely to inform them of a notoriously haynous accident befallen in that Citie which was thus One of the Commissioners or Burgesses that was sent thence to the Parlament at Santjago named Iohn or Antony de Tordesillas Regidor and native of that Citie gave his consent to the granting the Subsidies his Majestie demanded Hee brought for the Citie the Pole-money to bee payed by way of excise and a gratuity of one hundred thousand Maravediz for reparation of the walls and for himself hee had procured a very good governement and received an office which the Mint or coyning house had given for lost It is a custome in Segovia every Tuesday in whitsonweek that the Collectors meet to treat concerning the Revenue of Corpus Christi Church It hapned that being all together one of them inconsiderately sayed Gentlemen you know that Don Iohn de Acunia is Governor of this Citie and that hee never set foot in it and yet not satisfied to under value us hee maintein's here certain Officers to robb us rather then to administer Iustice. And I vow to God if the former stole away our Cloaks these strip us to the very Skins Moreover know that the Governor hath put in here a Deputy more fool then valiant Hee is not satisfied with the injuries hee doth us by day but hee leads a dog to catch men in the night And my opinion is That if any one hath done what hee ought not to doe Hee should apprehend him in his house like a Christian and not hunt him with doggs in the Mountains like a Moore For a man of any credit is more troubled at his being apprehended in the open street then at his Imprisonment A certain old man called Melon chanced to bee present at these words who had for many years executed the office of a Sergeant or Catch-pole as they call them and therefore was hated and abhorred by all the people This poore man having heard the other out and every body else holding their peaces stood up and spake these words in favor of the Justice Indeed Gentlemen that which this man hath sayed seemeth to me not well and mee thinks it is wors that men of such honor and credit as here are should give eare to such a man for hee that will speak in publick of the Ministers of Iustice ought to have some respect and moderation in his tongue and in an officer of the King 's hee ought not to look onely at his person but to consider what his staff represent's As touching the dog hee speak's of that my Master carrie's with him I sweare by this cross that being a yong man hee takes him with him more for his pleasure in the day time then to catch men in the night and if it had been so you doe not I hope take me to be so base but that I should haue made it known to the
through all the streets and walls to the great hinderance of Commerce and destruction of the Citie In the same manner rose Siguenca Guadalaxara Salamanca Murcia and manie other places of importance where were divers things committed not unlike those which I have already declared which would bee an endless business for mee to describe particularly The seventh of Iune in this present year 1520 the Citie of Leon was verie quiet and stood much for the King's service for it seemed that Valladolid had written to them to know whether they had received anie Letter from Toledo concerning their business or not Whereto Leon made Answer That as yet they had received nothing in particular from Toledo touching that matter and that the Citie of Leon was fully determined not to do or consent to anie thing for the whole world that might bee anie disservice to his Cesarean Majestie or contrarie to the fidelitie they owed him especially the most Reverend Cardinal remaining Governor with the Lord President and the rest of the Council to whom that Citie was so much obliged â—t had been well for that Citie if they had continued in that minde SECT XLII THe 24 of Iune 1520 the Emperor beeing at Bruxels received information of all the passages in Toledo and other places and of the Letter which Toledo sent to Valladolid and their Answer Whereupon hee wrote to Valladolid giving them a full relation of his Voiage by Sea how hee was entertained by his Uncle and Aunt in England and that they had confirmed a most sure League of Peace and Amitie together That thence hee intended about the middle of September to bee at Aquisgran to receiv his Imperial Crown with manie other circumstances and at last That he resolved God willing to return into that Kingdom much sooner then hee had promised at the Parlament mean time hee incharged them Peace quietness and obedience to the Commands of the Cardinal his Governor President and Council c. and if there should arise anie mutinies or Commotion in anie other Towns that they out of their antient and well approved fidelitie would indeavor to pacifie and suppress them for they knew the love and affection which hee bore that Citie which might sufficiently appear by the favors hee had granted them in former Parlaments according to the Copie which hee sent with that Letter There was also a General Letter to all the Cities and Towns of that Kingdom who had Votes in Parlament but passion had gained such a transscendence over the hearts of the major part that they would not believ those Letters to bee from the Emperor but said openly that they were counterfeited neither did they anie waie abate their resentment of his so sudden departure out of that Kingdom leaving them by the counsel of his Favorites involved in so great a fire and with so much povertie and pain SECT XLIII AFter this came news to the Cardinal how the Citie of Guadalaxara was revolted in the same manner and taking up Arms like the other Cities of the Kingdom They chose for their Captain the Earl of Saldania eldest son to Don Diego de Vega y Mendoça Duke del Infantado and making use of his horses they pursued Diego de Guzman and Luis de Guzman their Commissioners in the late Parlament who for fear of their lives were fled from the Citie but not being able to overtake them they went to their houses which they razed and having plowed up the ground they sowed it with Salt saying That in regard they were Traitor's houses they must bee salted lest they should infect the rest with their infidelitie Thence they went to the Duke beseeching him to favor and assist them if not they would have him to know that no Grandee must staie within that Citie which hee and his son were enforced to grant to satisfie them but the Duke seeing the Citie in so great disorder and the Kingdoms all over inflamed with such Combustions sent an Express to the Cardinal desiring him since God and the King had constituted him in that Office to use all possible diligence and care to stop the current of those exorbitances and that without passion or affection hee would grant a general pardon for if hee suffered the sore to fester hee would not bee able to cure it when hee pleased That hee would take off the Subsidie That all Tallages and Impositions should bee reduced to the same estate as they were twentie five years past That Offices and benefices should be taken from strangers and conferred upon the Natives of the Countrie And that all this should suddenly bee performed The Cardinal was well contented with his Letter but durst not do otherwise then was ordered by the Council until hee received further Commission from the Emperor SECT XLIV THe Order from the Council was that Ronquillo a famous Judg in those times should presently march to Segovia with all the men hee could make and punish the Delinquents They sent with him a thousand Hors-men most of which were of the Guards under the Command of Don Luis de la Cueua and Ruy Diaz de Rojas who had Orders in case the Judg was not received into the Citie to batter and beat it down But when his coming was known in Segovia those that were quiet and peaceable before jealousies and fears distracting their ill-tempered mindes rose and associated themselvs with the others and in particular one principal Gentleman of the Citie called Don Hernando who had written to the Cardinal that hee kept the Citie the Fort and the great Church for the King and that hee had driven the Commonaltie into the Suburbs and moreover that there was great partialitie and difference amongst them upon whose advice and intimation the Judg was sent directly thither but when they heard in what manner hee came Don Fernando the Common-people agreed so together that the Gates were shut against him and the towns-men all up in Arms. Ronquillo perceiving their strength and resistance to bee great retired himself to the Town of Arevalo and the Cardinal sent to him to return to Valladolid until the Council should take further order therein But the Judg did otherwise and from thence went to Santa Maria de Nieva five Leagues from Segovia where hee made his Requests and Protests to those of the Citie began by Criers to publish Acts and Writs against them requiring them to submit to Justice or to appear and give a reason why they would not Whereunto those of Segovia 'mongst whom at first there was no person of credit or respect but onely a furious and indiscreet Rabble not onely not obeied nor answered but after som daies spent in parâ—ying and treating without fear or wit they sallied out to the number of four thousand men almost all on foot on purpose to meet Ronquillo and fight with him and in this manner they marched towards the place where hee was quartered Hee with his Captains came presently
these sums for in effect no bodie could rightly understand what they would have had yet they saie the Emperor desired no more then the ordinarie Subsidie that his Predecessors the Catholick Kings had which was two hundred millions everie year and that the over-plus they stole from him and the Kingdom contrarie to his will or knowledg SECT XI THe affairs of Spain were so imbroiled and men so inconsiderately raving that it seemed as it were a scourge from Heaven which threatned no less destruction to that Countrie then that during the reign of Don Rodrigo They trusted in Southsaier's Prognostical judgments of the succeeding mischiefs Som Divels invented I know not what Prophecies which they father'd upon Saint Isidorus Arch-Bishop of Sevilia others upon Frier Iohn de Roccacelsa and one Merlin besides others which they said were of Saint Iohn Damascenus and other Doctors that of Saint Isidorus was his complaints or lamentations over Spain I have read all those ill presâ—ges of calamitie and destruction to Spain which so much affrighted and dismaied the people and I find them onely idle things which deserv not the setting down here unless it were to make us wonder at the facilitie and weakness of men in those times to give credit to anie such like fopperies The ignorant people were particularly besotted with one which pourported That there should reign over Spain a Prince called Charles who should destroie the Kingdom and make the Cities desolate but hee should bee overcom and driven out of the Kingdom by an Infante of Portingal and that the said Infante should reign over all Spain and mee think's wee see the contrarie Such follies doth blinde passion work in thoughts of ignorant and indiscreet people SECT XII TOledo wrote to the other Cities the last year 1519 inviting them to assemble and consult of what was most meet and expedient for them to supplicate the Emperor before his departure out of the Kingdom And in regard that Assemblie went not forwards and that now things were in such disorder that the breaking out was universal through the whole Kingdom yet they did not well understand nor trust one another so for the begetting a better intelligence amongst them and to the end they might the more firmly establish the Commonaltie which thâ—y called Holie Toledo sent other Letters to all the Cities of Castillia pressing them with manie powerful arguments to send without delaie their Commissioners to the Holie Assemblie at Avila and not to return them anie such excuse as formerly becaus such kinde of Congregations and Assemblies were condemned by strangers for in that Holie Assemblie nothing was to bee debated but what concerned the Service of GOD. And that they might studie or invent Remedies against the Seven sins of Spain treating first Of their fidelitie to the King their Lord. Secondly the Peace of the Kingdom Thirdly the Remedie or settling of the Roial Patrimonie Fourthly the grievances of the Natives Fifthly the Injustice done by Strangers Sixtly the Tyrannies w th som of their own Countrie-men had invented Seventhly the intolerable Impositions taxes which that Kingdom suffered Urging moreover that they should not value what censure passed upon them amongst their enemies for so doing in regard wicked persons are alwaies ready to blast with opprobrious tongues all good and religious actions which presupposed although things should fall out contrarie to their exspectations or desires and that they should bee in danger of their persons theiâ— houses should be plucktdown their goods taken away and at last should lose their lives In such case they were to esteem disgrace a favor danger securitie povertie riches banishment a glorie loss profit persecution a crown death life for nothing is so glorious for a man as to spend his life in the defence of the Republick After all these and divers other persuasive arguments they desired each Citie to give ful credence to their Messenger who had instructions to treat further with them SECT XIII THe fifth of Iulie 1520 the Lord Deputie of Murcia made a complaint to the Cardinal and Council how the Citie beeing risen had killed their Governor a Judg and one of the Sheriffs besides several other persons and that the people were all in Arms and so disorderly that becaus hee went about to pacifie and allaie their furie gently and in a peaceable manner representing to them the foulness and enormitie of what they had don they drove him out of the Citie and placed Guards and Rounds which committed very great disorders Hereupon it was ordered by the Council that Leguizama a Judg of Oyer and Terminer should go thither with large powers taking Officers along with him and that the neighboring towns should furnish him with men sufficient to bring them to reason Leguizama the Judg beeing arrived at Murcia entred peaceably into the Citie Hee intimated his orders to the Chief Justice Gentlemen Council and Assemblie of the Citie requiring their favor and assistance Which at first they did obey and the Judg began to make his privie search and examination whereby hee found som guiltie which hee gave order to apprehend This pleased not the People who began to think of turning him out of the Citie Hee sentenced a Shoomaker to bee whipp'd who beeing brought through the streets the Beadles still whipping him the people mutinied and manie beeing armed they rescued the prisoner with great nois and hubbub which done they went into a hous to consult what they were to do The Judg perceiving that presently betook him to his heels and fled into the Marquess of Velez his hous who then was in the Citie The Marquess hearing that the Judg was gone to his hous hee would not staie with him but presently took hors and rode out of the Town as fast as hee could to Mula a Citie ten leagues from Murcia The Judg made all haste possible after the Marquess and overtook him in the field a good waie from Murcia where hee shewed him his Orders charging him in the King's name under pain of Death and Confiscation of all his Estate to go back again with him into the Citie and to aid and assist him to do Justice The Marquess answered him very angerly for hee had desired him before to bee very careful how hee proceeded to consider the times and not to be too rigorous but he would not follow his counsel saying Iudg Go make these Requests to such men as your self is not to mee for in respect I am very much a servant to his Majestie I give you this answer and no other But to obey and shew the reverence I bear to the Roial Crown in whose name you require mee to return with you let your Notarie publick com after mee and I will give him an answer to what you demand of mee With that hee turned the reins of his Hors and rode on towards Mula The Judg went back to Murcia and set up his Hors in the same
lodging hee was at before By this time the Commonaltie was monstrousty distempered and a multitude not onely of the Towns-people but also of the neighboring Farms and Cottages ran thither with clamorous outcries and a full resolution to burn him and all that were in the hous and they had executed their purpose but for Diego de Vera who happily was then at Murcia with his souldiers and hearing they had such an intention hee rode presently to the Judge's lodging which hee found encompassed with a number of people crying out Let him die let him die Yet at the instance and earnest request of Captain Diego de Vera they forbore who desired them not to commit anie such violence but leave it to him and hee would take such order that the Judg should go out of the Citie and meddle no more in that business Hee obteined at length with much trouble and importunitie a promise from them to do whatsoëver hee commanded upon condition that the Processes made against anie of the Inhabitants of that Citie should be delivered to them and that the Judg should depart the Citie within one hour Diego de Vera having promised their desires should bee performed went into the Judge's lodging who presently delivered him the said Processes which hee gave to the people making them promise him that they would not in anie kinde molest the Judg nor anie of his servants but would let him go quietly and safely away so hee departed without making anie longer staie in those parts which was no small matter to obtein of such Mutiniers the autoritie and grey-hairs of Diego de Vera besides the repute hee had of beeing a gallant Souldier was very useful at that time Having pacified the people and persuaded them to return to their own homes he conducted the Judg with his servants out of the Citie and a league beyond where they parted and the Judg went in a great chafe fume to Mula There hee demanded men to return with him to Murcia which coming to the people's ear they rose also against him and having sounded an Alarm with much furie they presently gaue notice thereof to Lorca and so from Village to Village to Murcia and in very short time they were together in Arms about eight thousand men with those of Murcia who marched a Judgcatching directly to Mula But hee was too wise to wait for their coming and flying night and daie hee never staied until hee got to Valladolid Where hee remained but two daies and on Sundaie night he went to Aldea Mayor three leagues thence for hee durst not staie in Valladolid knowing they did not greatly love him for som things past and there was but a kinde of counterfeited â—eace in that Citie hee was affraid they would kill him SECT XIV THe Citie of Sevilla or Sevil that all this while stood as it were looking on the rest had likewise its disturber who indeavoured to plunge it as deep as the other Cities in these unhappie Commotions The beginning was thus Don Iohn de Figueroa brother to Don Rodrigo Ponze de Leon Duke of Arcos the Duke beeing at his Town of Marchena set himself to rais the people of the Citie in favor of the Commonaltie with intent to bee Captain and Governor himself To vvhich effect having already moulded and vvorked them to his mind and beeing agreed vvith those that vvere his complotters and confederates in this design on Sundaie 17 of September 1520 after dinner time hee and som Gentlemen kinsmen and followers of the Duke his brother went to the Duke's hous in Sevilla where they assembled and gathered together above seven hundred men with Arms which done hee and the rest of the Gentlemen beeing on hors-back and the people on foot they took four pieces of Ordnance out of the Duke's hous with them and so marched into the streets crying out God bless the King and Commonaltie Thus they went as far as St Francis place and no bodie els stirred nor offred to join with them but onely looked on as they passed By the waie Don Iohn caused the staves to bee taken away from the King's Officers of Justice and gave them to others in behalf half of the Commonaltie In this time the Duke of Medina Sidonia Don Alonzo Perez de Guzman beeing very young was yet under the Guardianship Tuterage of Donia Leonor de Suniga his mother Who being a Ladie of an high Spirit and courage and seeing so dangerous a fire kindled in Sevilla assembled all their domesticks with all the friends and welwishers to her Son's Partie that shee could so suddenly get together and sent them under the Conduct of Don Valencia de Venavides a valiant Gentleman who had married the Duke's sister against Don Iohn de Figueroa But beeing approached near each other and ready to fight som Gentlemen of note mediating betwixt them composed their quarrel insomuch that the Duke of Medina's men returned home again and Don Iohn advanced to the gate of the Fort Roial which finding shut hee battered it down with his Ordnance and beeing entred with all his men hee took the Commander of it Don Iorge de Portugal Earl of Gelves which done becaus it was grown late hee quarter'd there all night thinking that all the people of Sevilla would presently flock to him applauding this exploit and back him in his enterprise but they were so far from countenancing his design that the greatest part of those that followed him that daie forsook him in the night and returned to their own houses The next daie very early in the morning the Officers of Justice and the Veynte y Quatros by whom that Citie is governed beeing assembled they ordered that immediately the King's Standard should bee brought forth and that by command of the Citie the people should all go in Arms and assault the Fort which beeing re-taken should forthwith bee delivered unto the Charge of him who before commanded it for the King Don Fernando de Zuniga Earl of Venalcazar and divers other Gentlemen fitted themselvs to assist the people in this enterprise But before they were in a posture to put this design in execution Don Valencia de Venavides by order and command express from the Dutchesses Donia Leonor de Zuniga and Donia Anna de Aragon and the Duke of Medina who was sick in bed having rallied and re-assembled the men that followed him the daie before with great courage and resolution marched to the Fort of which after three hours hot dispute hee became Master took Don Iohn de Figueroa prisoner who was wounded in two places and re-delivered the Fort to Don Iorge de Portugal So in less then 24 hours this cloud was quite blown over which threatned so furious a tempest SECT XV. THe Citie of Segovia sent to Salamanca desiring Hors for their defens against Ronquillo The Common people and soâ— Gentlemen gave their Votes to send them succor but the greatest part of the
Gentrie opposed it saying it was a great dissâ—rvice to the King and contrarie to Justice Manie distastfull words passed amongst them but at last the Commons prevailed and turned all those Gentlemen out of Salamanca One stately hous that belonged to the Archbishop of Santjago's Steward they burned down to the ground Neither did those Gentlemen hold themselvs secure until they were got into Valladolid where they gave a full account of all these passages This was the beginning of the rising publickly in Salamanca After which they kept their Rounds and Guards in the Citie and sent Hors to the relief of Segovia but before they departed Salamanca with other Cities sent two men to the Cardinal and Council beseeching them to forbear from chastising Segovia for if they did not the Citie of Salamanca could not refrain from sending them succor Their chief Captain in this uproar was Don Pedro Maldonado Nephew to the Doctor Talavera who drove the rest of the Gentlemen that were not of his faction out of the Citie and made the Corregidor go away also leaving the administration of Justice more out of fear then otherwise which done the Citie ordered the Justice and did what you shall see hereafter SECT XVI THe Cardinal Governor seeing these troubles and disorders increas daily without anie hope of remedie notwithstanding all the endeavors and gentle means hee and those of the Council had used to procure it The President and the rest agreed to give his Majestie an exact account of all the Commotions and particular exigencies of the Kingdom of Castillia and in what danger they themselvs were by reason of the people's furie desiring his Majestie to take som speedie order for the rectifying of so great disorders SECT XVII THe Emperor had already received som intelligence of these troubles in Spain by means of Flemish Merchants and other particular letters But when those from the Cardinal and Council came to his hands at Lovain Hee was seized with unexpressible sadness The necessitie of his going to bee crowned in Germanie was very urgent and his returning into Spain seemed yet of more importance The Letter 's sad Contents brâ—d divers discontents and no less different opinions as the custom is amongst the Courtiers of the nearest relation about the Emperor The Flemings condemned the Spaniards for raising these tumults ond commotions in their King's absence The Spaniards retorted the blame upon the Flemings saying That their ill Government had been the occasion of the ruine and loss of Spain and that they had robbed it and indeed to saie the truth They were both in fault for the Flemings were as short of discretion and prudence to Govern as they abounded with a too insatiable Covetousness And the Spaniards although they had som reason to complain could not bee excused for rising up in Arms. Monsieur de Xeures grew much discontented and ashamed upon the report of this breaking out of Spain partly becaus hee knew what opinion went of him in the Court but chiefly becaus hee thought as justly hee might the Emperor would derive the fault upon him who whil'st hee was in Spain commanded with so absolute a power that it was commonly said The Emperor Don Carlos is King by right and Monsieur de Xeures in effect The Emperor beeing thus disquieted called a Council and desiring to have their advices hee propounded That they would consider what means was to bee vsed that Hee might go into Germanie and receiv that Crown which Hee so much desired and provide som remedie to settle the disturbances of Spain which was of no less importance to him for his Coronation could bee no longer suspended and the remedying of Spain ought not to bee differred Hee had of his Council in this occurrence Germanes Flemings Italians Aragoneses and Castillans and their opinions were as different as their Nations For the Germanes urged that it was repuisite his Majestie should continue his journie into Germanie The Italians said it was necessarie that hee should makeâ— a progress into Italie The Flemings were very importunate for him to staie in their Countrie The Aragoneses pleaded that Valencia was also risen up in Arms. And the Castillans used all means possible to persuade him to reâ—urn into Castillâ— The case beeing so general and nearly concerning so manie Kingdoms the Emperor did wisely to take the advice of manie But at last the resolution of the business was given by few as great Princes use to do in like occurrences The result of this Consultation was That the Emperor should continue his journie into Germanie and having received the Imperial Crown there to remain until hee had fully settled the affairs of that Countrie not being everie daie to return thither It was likewise resolved That his Majestie should send amiable and gracious Letters to all the Cities and Towns of Castilla requiring som of them to return unto themselvs and his service and expressing his thankfulness to others for their good intentions towards him That hee should desire and encharge the Nobles and Gentrie to favor and assist those of his Roial Council promising to all upon the faith of his Roial word that with all possible expedition hee would return into Castilla for the thought of the Emperor 's never returning into Spain bred in the Common people the boldness to commit such outrages and exorbitances Moreover it was determined That the Emperor should write unto the President and Council condoling their troubles and persecution commanding them withall that in one place or other six of them should alwaies bee about the Cardinal and hold Council To the end they might serv as a Refuge for the good people to appeal unto and bee a terror to the evil for if the Council omitted the doing of Justice the Roial Autoritie must needs fall And also That the Emperor should appoint two other Governors to bee joined in Commission with the Cardinal and those to bee men of noble extractions well experienced and advanced in years of generous dispositions powerful in estates but chiefly Natives of that Kingdom This advice seemed very sound and pertinent to the Emperor whereupon hee gave order it should bee put in execution accordingly and those whom they Voted to bee joined in Commission with the Cardinal were Don Fadrique Enriquez Lord High Admiral of Castilla and Don Inigo de Velasco Lord High Constable who were both antient Gentlemen of great generositie and gallantrie Which Election gave no small satisfaction to the Castillan partie for they had shewen themselvs in their commands not onely wise but valiant and were alwaies fortunate in their undertakings These Noblemen governed with such valour and prudence that the Emperor in his Letters to the Lord High Constable give 's him thanks for his services acknowledging that by his means hee was King of Castilla And indeed the Emperor said but what was true Besides all this his Majestie sent an especial Command That the subsidie which was granted him at the
enemie's advance thought not fit to stay for him but quitting the Fort went and associated himself with the Cavaliers of the Loyal Partie as you shall hear Thence forwards the Bishop stuck close to the Iunta and the Farl as eagerly followed the King's counsel each of them so much favoring their Partie that there were not anie two more remarkable then they The Bishop was threescore years of age but as vigorous and lively as if hee had been but five and and twentie I was acquainted with one that knew him and received orders from him who told me that hee was excellent at handling his arms That hee had more then foure hundred Priests under his command all well armed and valiant men and that hee still charged at the head of them himself Saying Here my Priests The rest hereafter SECT XX. I Have told you in what manner Segovia was fortified the resolution of the Inhabitants the relief which they received from manie places notwithstanding Ronquillo's endeavors to hinder it how Toledo incouraged them with promises both of men and monie Madrid Guadalaxara and Salamanca did the like making their case their own Medina del Campo secured them their trading offering to bear what loss soëver they should sustein either of persons or goods At last the Citie of Avila seeing what Ronquillo did against Segovia and the adjacent Towns that hee entred into the Villages belonging to Avila taking killing and executing Justice in a severe manner and that by order of the Cardinal and the Council hee had taken from Segovia all the Places and Towns under its jurisdiction commanding them not to obey or bee anie waie subject to that Citie neither to furnish them with provisions anie more then if they were their enemies under pain of death and confiscation of goods giving them power and Autoritie to keep Justice amongst themselvs as beeing a distinct jurisdiction and other priviledges to the distruction of that Citie They assembled in Council and agreed to send a Petition in the name and with the subscriptions of the Officers of Justice the Regidores Gentrie Religious Persons and of all the Commonaltie humbly beseeching the Cardinal that hee would bee pleased to set a remedie to those disorders and not proceed with so much rigor against Segovia for that Citie would bee reduced sooner by fair means then by such severitie That hee would command Ronquillo to rais his Siege and that hee should not molest nor use such crueltie against Segovia The Cardinal and those of the Council did not weigh much this Petition of Avila which so incensed that Citie that thereupon they sent them word peremptorily that since they would not rectifie those disorders they were resolved to seek their own remedie Mean time Ronquillo was at Santa Maria de Nieva making what preparations hee could against Segovia making incursions into their territories and laying Ambuscado's for those that came out of the Citie It happened that two young men coming out of Segovia fell into the hands of Ronquillo's Guards who asking them whence they were and whither they went They answered That they were of Salamanca that they came from Segovia and were returning to their own homes At first the Guards were in the minde to let them go becaus they seemed to bee but poor fellows yet afterwards they laid hands on them and brought them before Ronquillo who asking them who they were whither they went and whence they came They said they were Carders who seeing Segovia streightned and trading dead they were upon their return to their ovvn houses Hee examined them severally concerning the manner of Tordesillas his death and they agreed not in their relation Ronquillo thereupon began to press them further demanding more and more more questions till at last one of them confessed he fetched the rope vvherevvith they dragged Tordesillas along the streets and the other that hee plucked him by the hair Upon this confession hee condemned them both to death one to bee dravvn and quartered the other vvho said hee pluck't him by the hair had first his hand cut off and then vvas hanged It seemed a dirâ—ct Judgment of heaven to put those men into the hands of the Justice and that they should confess vvithout torture SECT XXI AFter this Ronquillo met vvith one Francisco Peralta a sufficient man and vvell beloved in Segovia but not thinking fit to execute Justice upon him presently sent him prisoner upon on an Ass to a Castle belonging to the Bishop of Palencia But meeting by the waie a man that was very zâ—alous for the caus of the Commonaltie and satisfying his curiositie by telling him the occasion of his imprisonment through his means hee was rescued by the Common People of Duenias and taken away from the Alguazil that had charge of him who had so much a doe to escape with his life and Peralta after courteous entertainment in the Town had a hors given him vvheâ—evvith hee went to Burgos which then was declared for the Commonaltie Iohn de Padilla you have heard marched out of Toledo at the head of two thousand men well armed and having passed the Port de la Tablada hee came within sight of Segovia where in a Plain not far distant hee pitch't his camp the next daie hee sent a Trumpetter to Ronquillo with a peremptorie message to bid him get him gon if not that hee would forth with put in execution what the Citie of Toledo had Commanded him Hereupon Ronquillo retreated to Antonio de Fonseca at Arevalo and so they fled both together not beeing able to withstand Iohn de Padilla's Forces SECT XXII THe Cardinal President and those of the Council labored all they could to persuade the Queen Mother to signe certain orders which they would send throughout the Kingdom against the disturbers of it becaus the greatest Autoritie which those of the Junta pretended to have was to saie that whatsoever they did was for the Queen's service whose that Kingdom was and other things to that purpose The President therefore and some of the Council went to Tordesillas and spake publickly with the Queen who was very merrie with them but complained saying that for fifteen years past shee could never know the truth of anie thing then turning towards the Marquis of Denia shee said this Marquis told mee the first lye At which words hee fell upon his knees and with tears in his eyes hee said it is true Madam I did tell you a lye but it was to moderate the violence of your passions and now I give you to understand that the King your father is dead and I did bury him Shee answered Bishop believ mee All that I see or hear mee thinks is but a dreame The President answered Madam in your hands under God lyeth the remedie of this Kingdom and your Highness will do a greater miracle in Signing what wee demand then ever did San Francisco Shee bid them go to bed and come againe next daie The daie following
whole Commonaltie of the Citie infected with his pernitious doctrine rose in so tumultuous a manner that the Câ—rregidor was forced to flie away they took away the stavâ—s from the King's Officers and gave them to som of the Commonaltie They turned out of the Citie the Provisores dâ—l Obispo or Officers of the Bishop's Couâ—t they turned out the Regidores whom the Bishop had constituted and the Commonaltie put others in their places At the ringing of a bell the people all assembled and most of them beeing Armed they ran furiously to Villamuriel which was a Fort and the Bishop's hous and pulled down a part of one of the Towers thereof The 15th Sept. 15â—0 they cut down the greatest part of a Wood called Santillana which belonged to the Bishop divers other strange disorders and mischiefs they did in and about the Citie as if they had been in an Enemie's Countrie things indeed befitting the blinde and furious rage of the common people SECT XXX THe Cardinal governor of the Kingdom seeing the disturbed estate of things and that in Valladolid hee was not obeyed as the dignitie of his person and place required but rather in danger daiely to bee affronted took a resolution to retire himself to a Gentleman's hous out of the Citie where hee might bee secure This was no sooner known in Valladolid but some of the Citie-Officers came to â—peake with him desiring to know wherefore hee would go away from them The Holy man with much meekness answered that hee would willingly retire himself with the Lord Admiral at Medina de Rioseco But those of Valladolid holding it their best waie to keep him there would not let him go They presently set guards at the Gates of the Citie that none of the Common people should go out for they began already to feare lest they should go joyn with the Lord high Constable who was levying forces to resist and suppress those Tumults which were grown so excessive in the Kingdom to whom were repaired those of Council that escaped from Valladolid to the end that Castilla might not remain without Justice The next morning early the Cardinal beeing fully resolved to bee gon departed from his hous with an hundred and fiftie men on horsback and on foot besides divers of the principal persons of the Citie who guarded him on both sides But coming to the bridg they would not let him pass there hee stayed a good while still commanding his people to bee quiet and offer no violence for they would have broke down the Gates and forced their way through This beeing known in the Citie there was presently a great hubbub and a crying out The Governor 's goeing away The Governor 's goeing away Hereupon one Alonso de Vera a Deputie of a ward without any Command or Order from the Captain Generall of the Commonaltie ran in great hast to ring the Council Bell which beeing heard the Citie presently took the Alarme and in a trice there was such a hurly-burly and confusion of people in the streeâ—s that it was wonderful they all locked up their houses and shops and posted with their Arms towards the bridg as if the Citie had been stormed by an enemie where in a moment's time in a manner was assembled a very numerous Armie of compleat men with new shining arms but without order and without Captain The Cardinal seeing this tumult turned back againe towards the Citie and beeing half way ouer the bridg some of his servants said to him My Lord your Eminence should do well to stand still there untill you see what is the meaning of this boldness of the People So hee did remain a while having a strong guard before him But the people came swarming to that place like emmets Whilest the Cardinal was at this stand came Don Pedro Giron to whom all the people bore as much respect as if hee had been their Lord. Hee was mounted upon a stately Ginnet his body was covered with Armor as bright as silver his head with a richly guilded helmet his hors proudly praunsing along the streets made waie through the disorderly throng untill hee came where the Governor stood to whom after salutation hee thus spake My Lord I am sorry that your Eminence would offer to go away thus without the consent of the Citie and Kingdom if my Counsel might prevail you should return to your lodging for if you stay longer here it will not bee in the power of man to remedie or hinder the mischief which your departure may produce The Cardinal's men not throughly understanding Don Pedro's speech began to draw their swords which some of the people that had crowded neer seeing cryed out Arm Arm Commoners help help Hereupon grew such a noise and so great a tumult that had not the President of the Chancerie Don Pedro Giron and other Gentlemen been there to appease the furie of the people they scarse had left one man alive of all those that were with the Cardinal But all beeing pacified hee returned with his guards to his lodging accompanied with other Prelates and divers Gentlemen of qualitie and after all followed his traine of bagage in the same order as they marched outwards The Common People went before him all armed with sound of drums and trumpets conducting him to his lodging with all due honor and reverence By this time it was full twelve of the clock so that they spent six hours at least in this contention The Infante of Granada Captain of Valladolid was so much displeased that St Michael's Bell had been rung and that the people had all taken Arms in that manner without his order or knowledg that hee threatned to leave his charge Thereupon strict order was given that no man thenceforwards should dare under a great penaltie to ring the Bell or to rise in Arms without their Captains order Vera who rung the Bell to avoid the punishment which was intended and his offence deserved fled to Tordesillas After this Valladolid ordered that every five and twentie men should have a particular Captain that should command them upon occasion having first received orders from the Captain General The newes beeing carried to Tordesillas how those of Valladolid had opposed and detained the Cardinal besides the good order they kept for the guard and defens of their Citie The Iunta sent an express with Letters to give the People thanks in their names extolling their valor to the skies which puffed up the people's hearts with a kinde of vanitie and incouraged them to commit greater exorbitancies another time SECT XXXI THe Cardinal seeing it was not possible for him to go publickly out of Valladolid and considering how much it behoved him to depart thence where hee had no more then an honorable prison resolved to steal away privately which hee did one night all alone beeing disguised and hee had been gone ten daies before it was known in the Citie or his own Guard of Hors missed him His Foot
submissions to him saying that God had sent him to give them libertie and that hee would procure them much monie and arms Those of Xativa adored him as their Redeemer and called him El Encubierto or the man disguised saying God had sent him for the redressing of the oppressed People Hee made them believ that hee was the Prince Don Iohn Son to the Catholick King and Queen deceased and that for certain â—ecret causes and Revelations of God's Judgments it was convenient for him not to bee publickly known in the world for long time past but now since the Kingdom 's were in so distressed a condition and in so great necessitie of their naturall King to own and defend them and settle them in the same peaceable Government as they injoyed during his Father's Reign hee desired to reveal himself unto them and that it was God's will also This those wretched Confederates beleiving followed and honored him as if hee had been their God Thus having gained the affection and esteem of these Rebels hee conferred with divers of the Citie of Valencia of la Huerta and other places thereabouts inticing them to put in execution what that Tyrant Vicente Periz had alreadie moved Hee dealt likewise with some places of Aragon and Catalunia which were alreadie tottering and half at least inclining to Commotion ingaging them that at the same instant if possible as hee should make his Attempts upon Valencia they should all rise in arms and secure those parts for him Within Valencia hee had his intelligencers and instruments whom hee imployed to murder the Marquis of Cenete then Governor of the Citie These were so faithful to him in this treacherous design that hee wanted not assistants to convey him over the walls into the Citie whereby hee might the better contrive his plot seeing the disposition of the place and having a more free communication with the inhabitants allure and draw to his byas more complices to strengthen his partie and execute his wicked intention This was so cunningly carried that if God had not otherwise disposed it the whole Kingdom at that time ran a notable hazard of beeing absolutely destroied The Citie of Valencia as I have told you beeing in so miserable a condition the Religious men with other good and loial people went to petition the Marquis of Cenete who then was in the Camp to take upon him the Government of that distressed Citie Which hee did like a noble man as hee was The people expressed so much contentment and comfort in his presence that in all the Monasteries and Churches they sung with great solemnitie the Te Deum laudamus and all the bâ—lls rung out in testimonie of an universal joie The Marquis was a man of such courage and resolution that when throughout the whole Citie of Valencia no bodie durst so much as name God King or Iustice hee took divers of the rebellious disturbers and hanged them So that they began to bee affraid and sculked in corners Soon after having notice of a band of these Confederates which were fled from Valencia hee marched out against them and meeting them about Monviedro hee brought away their Colors having routed and put them all to flight Amongst divers great hazards which the Marquis ran of losing his life by the insolence or treacherie of these Confederates one I shall give in particular A monstrous disorderly multitude of these wretches beeing gathered together in Valencia fell like a furious storm upon the Marquis his hous with huge clamorous out-cries and â—lashing of weapons not understanding each other's minde nor knowing what they would have The Marquis hearing the nois went down to quiet the tumult beeing well provided and attended but his Ladie seeing him engaged amongst a throng of such vile respectless people and fearing lest hee should bee murthered by them took such a fright that her weak Constitution beeing not able to resist the violence of that sudden apprehension shee presently expired Vicente Periz Captain of the Rebells with a numerous Armie intrenched himself and planted his Cannon within sight of Valencia where hee remained som time In his Camp hee had a bell at the sound whereof a numberless gang of thievs such as his Armie was composed of ran out of the Citie to him And had not the Marquis been very circumspect without question they had suprised the Citie but finding little probabilitie of effecting their design upon Valencia they marched towards Monviedro thinking to make the Vice-Roy rais his siege thence but within two daies after Monviedro was surrendered to him which was of no small importance for thereby hee had an open and free passage to receiv succour out of Castilla The Marquis hearing that the Confederates were marched towards Monviedro with their Cannon and having intelligence of their intentions followed them but with no considerable force and meeting some of his own foot companies which having been much galled by their Cannon and small shot were retreating towards Valencia quite disheartned hee strove to incourage them as well as hee could representing to them the service of God and their King but prevailing not with them howëver heâ— advanced and set upon the enemie crying aloud Let the King live and the Traytors die and without fear of their muskets or Cannon which played fiercely upon him hee charged into the middest of them God whose caus hee fought preserving him and striking their baser hearts with fear insomuch that hee had them all at his mercie Yet his nobleness and generositie was such though they deserved it not that hee commanded his men who were very busie in killing to forbear further execution crying out Let them not die let them not die having thus quite routed these Mutiniers hee returned to Valencia with the spoil and all their Artillerie where hee was received with joy and tears The Vice-Roy afterwards beeing before Xativa with intent to reduce it to the Emperor's subjection the Rebels dealt so cunningly with some of his Souldiers who sowed the same dissention in his Camp as was within the Town that by certain signs they understood each others intentions and they agreed at one and the same time to fall upon the Loyall Partie and murther them and having taken their Artillerie to storm Valencia sack it and kill all that were for the Emperor in it This conspiracie was discovered but there was no remedie to hinder it neither in the Vice-Roy's Camp nor in Valencia for the Confederates were very numerous and the Loyall Pâ—â—sons but a small Partie The Marquis at the intreatie of the honest people of Valencia went to the Vice-Roy's Camp before Xativa where hee found more disorder then was reported and the infection less curable then hee imagined The sign that these Conspirators had agreed upon was that in the night at a certain hour those of the Camp should cry out Paie Paie Mutinie Mutinie and those within the Citie should answer Paie Paie Mutinie Mutinie The Vice-Roy and
those that are made for the fâ—vorites and great persons of his familie is daiely spent one hundred and fiftie thousand Maravediz and that the table-expences of Don Fernando the King and Donia Isabel who were excellent and powerfull Princes besides the Prince Don Iohn whom God receiv in his glorie and the Infantes with a multitude of attendants amounted to no more then twelv or fifteen thousand Maravediz per diem And hence proceed's his Majestie 's wants and the impoverishing of the People and Commonalties by â—ubsidies and other taxes imposed upon them Item In regard it hath been and is a very excessive charge to allow wages to such as are not domestick's That hence-foâ—wards there bee no Salaries given to any Courtier 's wives or children or any other persons whatsoëver noâ— in immediate service or shortly to bee entertained and admitted But if any man should die in his Majestie 's service in satisfaction or equivalence thereof hee might allow a pension or stipend to the wife or children of the deceased although they bee not of age to serv. Item In regard after the most â—llustrious Queen our Ladie Donia Isabel his Majestie 's Grandmother was taken with the sickness whereof shee died divers superfluous offices were crept into the Royal Familie which never were before That whosoëver injoyed any such office or offices might forthwith bee discarded and bee allowed no Salarie And all such superfluous expences bee imployed for necessarie uses more conducing to his Majestie 's service Item That in his Majestie 's houshold no Grandee might have any office concerning the Revenue or Royal Patrimonie and if any enjoy any such office at present that it maie bee taken from them For this is very inconvenient and maie greatly impaire the said Patrimonie and Royal Revenue Item That during his Majestie 's absence from these Kingdoms his houshold officers and other persons who have relation or attendance upon his Majestie bee payed out of the Royal Revenue Concerning GOVERNORS THat In regard in his Majestie 's absence it is requisite to have one or more Governors in the Kingdom such Governor or Governors might bee Natives of the Kingdoms of Castilla and Leon appointed and chosen with consent of the Kingdoms and that with their beeing Natives may concur the other qualities which by the Law established by the King Don Alonso called Ley de La Partida is required That the said Law may bee observed and fulfilled to perpetuitie As also the Order of Election and Provision with the Conditions which dispose in what case a Governor or Governors are to bee chosen as in respect of minoritie absence or whatsoëver other occasion Item that the Provisions Orders or Commissions which his Majestie had given in those Kingdoms contrarie to the above specified form might be declared void and that hee would command those and every of those Governors whom hee had autorized to forbear the execution of that office Item that the Governor or Governors beeing constituted in the abovesaid manner and form may bee invested with power to confer dignities offices administration of Justice and to redress grievances And this not onely in the Kingdoms of Castilla but also in the Isles and firm land alreadie discovered or to bee discovered and that they provide them within ten daies That they may present Dignities and places Vacant and do as much therein as the King himself in person but not give any gâ—ft or gratuitie out of the Royal Patrimonie nor any tâ—ing thereunto belonging Concerning BILLETS THe lodging by Billets which is practised no where neither amongst Infidels nor Christians but in this Kingdom beeing a thing most exorbitant and whence have proceeded and do proceed inconveniences and dammages so excessive that a small volume cannot contain them and his Majestie 's subjects suffer thereby not a little aswell in their honors and lives as in their estates That for ever henceforth they may bee freed from so abominable and prejudicial a servitude And that in these Kingdoms no such Billets bee given in any kinde neither by the King 's themselvs nor any Lords Noblemen or Prelates whatsoëver and in case any should bee given That the People may not bee obliged to accept of them unless with their own conâ—ents they paying for their lodgings as shall bee agreed upon with the owners or inhabitants of the houses whither such Billets shall bee brought or directed But in his Majestie 's progresses That lodging and linnen should bee allowed Gratìs for those of his houshold and Court so that hee exceed not the term of six daies in one place which expired they should paie for their lodging according to the ordinarie rate and custom Likewise That the Souldiers of the Guard should have free quarter after the usuall manner Item That their Majestie 's the King's Princes and Infantes his predecessors had given and allotted convenient lodgings for their Royal Persons and Familie and to the number of seventie but no more for the officers which were of necessitie to bee neer the Palace were appointed in the same Citie or Town where the Court was and in such houses as the Council Iustice and Regidores of the said place should finde convenient and suitable to the conditions and qualitie of the persons to bee lodged and the said seventie lodgings to bee paid according as the said Council Iustice and Regidores should rate or tax them And that for paiment hereof all the Cities Towns Villages or Burrougsh should contribute without exâ—mption according to the cessment made by the said Council Iustice and Regidores without troubling or asking leav of his Majestie insomuch that under colour thereof there should bee no more cessed or gathered then what the rent of the said lodgings would amount to under penaltie of the Law Item That these lodgings which are allowed for his Majestie 's familie are not intended for those of the Council for the Alcaldes of his hous and Court nor the Alguaziles or other Judges or Officers whatsoëver nor the High Treasurers or any such like for these are to paie for their lodgings by the order and form before mentioned Item That his Majestie or the Kings or Princes his Successors might not give anie Billets in general or particular or other Command whatsoëver that the Inhabitants of such Cities Towns or Villages should furnish lodgings contrarie to their own wills and consents And that in case any such Billet general or particular by waie of intreatie or command should bee given it might bee received with respect but not fulfilled neither the Owners or Inhabitants of the said houses bee obliged to accommodate the bearers thereof Coâ—cerning Customs Taxes the Revenues Roial Pole-monie and Fee farms THat the Customs and Thirds which belong to the Crown may bee reduced to the same number and quantitie as they were instituted by the Catholick King Don Fernando and Donia Isabel Anno 1494. That at the same rates and value all the Cities Towns Villages with their several Lordships and
And that the Officers of Justice may take the said Woolls from the Shepherds or buiers and deliver them to such persons as is before-mentioned not suffering any fraud or contention to arise hereupon but the truth beeing known speedily to deliver them to the said Merchants and others to be wrought in these Kingdoms paying in ready mony or giving the said securitie And in case any Officer neglect his dutie herein that hee may lose one whole years Salarie and be obliged to make good the dammage and interest of the Partie Concerning the Council Courts and Iustices THat his Majestie would bee pleased to dismiss those of the Council whom hitherto hee hath kept in regard they have advised him to the great prejudice of his Majestie 's Roial Crown and the excessive dammage of the Kingdoms That they never bee admitted to bee of his Privie Council the Queen's Council or Council of Justice That their Majesties would select som of the Natives of those Kingdoms to bee of their Roial Councils who were known to bee loial and zealous for their service and which would set aside their particular interests for the people's good Item that the President Council Judges Alcaldes and Officers of the Courts and Chanceries may bee visited every four years according to the usual manner That those who are found faultie may bee punished as the Laws of the Kingdom have ordered according to the hainousness of their crime and those who are found otherwise may bee acknowledged to bee good men and rewarded by his Majestie Item that the said Offices aswel of the Council as of his Majestie 's familie Chanceries and other Courts bee not given by favor or procured by the Petitions or importunate sollicitations of any Grandees or other persons near about his Majestie but that they may bee bestowed upon able and deserving men and that the provision may bee to Offices not to the Persons that enjoie them And if any shall have or procure them contrarie to the tenour hereof the kingdom may not acknowledg such as Officers but that they may bee disabled to keep or execute any the aforesaid or other publick Offices Item that the said Offices of the Council Roial Alcaldes de Corte Chanceries or other Courts may not bee provided or possessed by such as com but newly from their Studies but by persons â—ndued with qualities and parts necessarie and fit for his Majesties service having been experienced and practised in the exercise of the Office of Counsellors at Law and Judges for the contrarie having been don hitherto hath been the occasion of great inconveâ—iences and dammages to these Kingdoms Item that the Judges of the Council Roial Chanceries and other Courts which Voted in the first sentences may not Vote nor sentence anie processes upon review but pass the View and Votes of such Suits by order to the Judges of another Court as is usual in Suits which by reason of discoâ—d are remitted from one Court to another for of the sentences pronounced by those of the Council and Judges of the said Courts beeing reviewed by them have proceeded and do proceed great inconveniencies For they shew themselvs very passionate and desirous to confirm their sentences defending them as if they were Advocates for the partie in whose favor they formerly had given sentence And that all Suits may bee determined by two Courts without any inconvenience that that those Writs may bee useless which they that are in Suit procure in like cases to make their Suits pass through all Courts Item That his Majestie provide and appoint a Superintendent to bee constant and resident in every one of the Courts and Chanceries as was accustomed in the time of the Catholick Queen Donia Isabel our Ladie and that they bee persons of Autoritie and good intention who may provide that the ordinances bee observed and see that the suites bee conformable thereunto That Clients applying themselvs to them may finde redress and help for their grievances and that his Majestie may bee informed by them of the State of his Courts and of the justice administred in them Item That the said offices of the Council Chancerie and Alcaldias bee not perpetual in regard it is so expedient for his Majestie 's service and the good of the Kingdoms That the Judges and Alcaldes may not hold themselvs Lords of those offices nor think it to bee an injurie to them to bee displaced and others appointed to officiate Concerning the Council and Courts THat the offices of the privie Council in what concerns the Kingdoms of Castilla and Leon and judges his Majestie 's Alcaldes de la casa e Corte Chanceries and all other offices of justice may not bee given to any strangers but to the inhabitants and natives of the said Kingdoms And that for this respect no act or letters pattents of naturalization may bee given and if any should bee given that they may bee respectively received but not fulfilled That the number of the judges of the Council of justice may bee twelve neither more nor less and those to bee of such qualities and parts as the Laws of the Kingdom do require Item That Suits bee determined in the Council and Chancerie in their order and as they stand registred and by the Courts where they are depending without joyning of any others to them That concerning this particular his Majestie may give no writs in derogation of ordinances Also that those which were to bee pleaded and determined in Chancerie bee not kept still nor removed by wrâ—ts to the Council And that those judges that can take recognisance of Suits and causes may not bee put by from hearing and determining the said Suits by writ or order from his Majestie And in case the judges bee suspected the Parties may have the remedie of appeal Or if his Majestie have given any such writs that hee revoke and annul them That henceforwards it may remain as a perpetual and inviolable Law that the Judges of the Council and Chancerie present or to com may not obey the said writs under pain of beeing deprived of their offices and paying one hundred thousand Maravediz each for his Majestie 's exchequer And that the same may bee observed in the writs which shall bee given by his Secretarie the Suites depending Item That those of the Council Judges of Courts and Chancerie and Alcaldes de Corte may not possess or hold more then one office And in case they should have two or more that they may bee taken from them and that they may receiv Salarie for no more then one office Item that matters of Justice which may bee prejudicial to the parties henceforwards may bee determined and dispatched by those of the Council and not by the privie Chamber for by this means things will bee carried according to Justice and without grievances Item that the Secretaries appointed for the Chamber may not have Vote in the Council of Justice concerning those matters which depend on private Writs
or Mandamus from their Majesties to the end they may not defend in the Council any Writs which they had so signed whereby the parties might bee aggrieved Item that the said Secretaries appointed for the Chamber may not receiv any thing besides the Salarie which his Majestie is pleased to allow them it beeing competent For by experience it hath been seen they have demanded and adjudged divers unjust things concerning the taxes and impositions of the Kingdom And they keep intelligencers through the whole Kingdom to give them notice of what is vacant and how they may charge new taxes and impositions And this Office beeing in their own hands they may ask what they list and it is granted them But in case the said Secretaries or any of them should demand any thing for themselvs their children or friends that for so doing they may lose their Offices and not onely bee disabled to execute the said Offices but all others whatsoëver Item that the diffinitive sentences pronounced by the Alcaldes de casa e Corte and Chanceries in case of death or mutilation of members may have the libertie of appeal to those of the Council and Judges of the Courts Roial And that tâ—e said Alcaldes may bee obliged to grant the said appeals and supplications according to Law Item that the said Alcaldes de casa e Corte and Chancerie or their Notaries may not exact or receiv either more or less duties or fees then the ordinarie Alcaldes of the Corregidores of Cities and Towns in this Kingdom where there is Counsel and Chancerie Item that the Alcaldes and other Officers of the Court called the Hermandad which is properly for High-way-men may have a constant place of Residence when they leav their Office which those that succeed them may enjoie and that these may have power to question and execute their sentence against the said Judges and Officers their Predecessors Item that the Corregidores Alcaldes Officers of Cities Towns Villages Burroughs and other places of Justice in these Kingdoms may not bee continued in the said Offices above the space of one year after their donomination although the Cities Towns and Commonalties should desire it for the said Offices having been continued for longer time hath occasioned many inconveniencies and defects of Justice to such Cities and Towns Item that henceforwards no Corregidores may bee provided or appointed for any Cities or Towns of these Kingdoms but when the said Cities or Towns shall require it in regard it is so ordained by the Laws of the Land And that the said Cities and Towns may place and provide their ordinarie Alcaldes beeing men of abilities that so the Salaries of Corregidores their Lievtenants and other Officers may bee saved That the Cities and Towns may appoint and allow moderate and reasonable Salaries to the said ordinarie Alcaldes out of the publick stock And that the said stipendarie Judges may bee tied to serv onely that Town or Citie which giveth them the Salarie Item that in cases wherein a Judg Inquisitor is required those that are appointed for Judges Inquisitors may go with the limited Salarie at the charge of the King's Exchequer and not at the charge of the Delinquents for to recover their Salaries they make Innocent men Delinquents and after that the said Salaries and charges bee recovered of those who were condemned and declared guiltie by those of the Council or other Judges the said Examinations may bee reviewed by waie of Appeal Commission or otherwise Item that henceforwards no Corregidor or other Judg of what qualitie soëver may bee allowed to receiv his Salarie or any part thereof or by waie of Ayuda de costa which is to help bear his charge out of anie fines or forfeitures adjudged by them but may return them to the Exchequer to the end hee may not bee thought to have pronounced an unjust sentence out of covetousness thereof And that whosoëver shall receiv anie monie in that kinde may bee condemned to paie four times as much into his Majestie 's Exchequer and bee made incapable of any Office ever after Concerning Encomiendas or promotions to Dignities and Council of the Orders THat those of the Council of the Orders as Presidents Judges and other Officers bee visited in the same manner as is ordered for the Council Roial Item that the Treasurers and Officers of the Orders and Maestrazgos or Masterships make their Visitations from three to three years that it may appear how they behave themselvs in their Offices and those that shall bee found guiltie may suffer punishment Item that the Encomiendas of the Militarie Orders of Santjago Calatrava Alcantara may not bee given or conferred upon any Strangers although they bee naturalized But that herein may bee observed the same rule as in Ecclesiastical Offices Dignities and Benefices whereby they may bee provided according as is constituted and ordeined in the Statutes of the Order Concerning Bulls Cruzadas and Compositiones THat no Bulls Cruzadas or Compositions of what qualitie soëver bee suffered to bee preached in these Kingdoms unless upon som real and urgent occasion debated and approved in Parlament That the monie which shall bee raiâ—ed tâ—ereby may bee deposited in the Collegial or Cathedral Church of the Bishoprick and not to bee taken out thence spent or emploied otherwise then in the same urgent occasion for which the Bull was granted Item That in case there bee such necessitie of preaching the Bulls Cruzadas and Compositiones as above said this manner and order may bee observed That there bee care had to choos honest men of good consciences and learned that they may know and understand what they preach That they exceed not in their preaching the cases and things contained in the Bulls That they preach in none but the Collegial or Cathedral Churches That in places where there are no Collegial or Cathedral Churches the Bulls may bee sent to the Curates or their Vicars to the end they may divulge and publish them to their Parishioners That they advise and â—dmonish the people but impose no Penaltie if they take them not and that they might receiv them if they would That there may bee no such exorbitance as was usual heretofore injoyning the people to com and detaining them perforce in their Sermons not suffering them to follow their callings and occupations unless they took their Bulls and other such ill demeanors Item That whatsoëver was to bee recovered and gathered by virtue of the Bulls thus received may not bee recovered by waie of excommunication or interdict but by demanding it before the secular Justice of the Citie Town or Village where the Bull had been received That the Alcaldes of the Villages may have power herein for the contrarie having been done hath much indangered the Souls of laboring-men Priests and other persons and the people suffer very many and great oppressions in this manner of recovering it Item That henceforwards for ever the Commissaries of the Cruzadas and Compositiones may not
with a Notarie publick to require him with great protestations that hee should not permit the mischiefs and dammages which might bee occasioned by the Iunta and the Armies of the Advers Partie They sent others also with trumpets to require the Lord High Constable and the Earl of Alva not to levie anie Souldiers becaus that would bee prejudicial to the Roial Crown and hurtful to the Kingdoms The Lord High Constable received those that brought him this message very courteously and commanded a dinner to bee prepared for them After which hee sent them to the Earl of Alva with twelv of his own men on hors-back The Earl apprehended the chief man of them commanding him to bee clapt in prison and afterwards they saie hee caused him to bee strangled and gave no other Answer to the Iunta whereat they were very much displeas'd others said The Earl did like a worthie Gentleman for no Law or Word is to be observ'd or kept with Traitors The unfortunate man whom the Earl thus put to death had been not long before preferred by those of the Commonaltie to the Office of Chamberlain to the Queen Donia Iuana In revenge of which crueltie as they termed it those of the Iunta commanded the Lord Constable and the Earl of Alva to bee proclaimed in manie Cities and places of Castilla Traitors and capital enemies of the Kingdom alledging That they raised forces against the Roial Crown and to the prejudice of the Kingdom That they had made a new Broad-Seal contrarie to the Laws of the Kingdom wherewith they did seal Orders against his Majesties Subjects and contrarie to all right and Justice That they did favor and uphold those of the evil Counsel and that they had apprehended her Majesties Chamberlain all which was in dis-respect or contempt of her Majestie and to the prejudice of the publick good And therefore those of the Iunta in order to the service of God and the Kingdom did finde themselvs obliged to declare them Capital Enemies and accordingly that their Estates and Land should bee seized and forfeited to the Roial Crown SECT V. THose of the Iunta beeing possessed of Tordesillas and having the Queen with her familie and the whole Kingdom in their own hands manie people believed that shee was recovered and that shee was well-pleased with the proceedings of those of the Iunta The increasing of this opinion and their credit with the people raised their thoughts to things of higher consequence and the novelties which everie daie did produce were already swoln to so great a number and spred into so manie parts that it is impossible to relate them so cleerly fully and distinctly as I would The pretence of the Iunta was so plausible bearing the sugared name which they gave it of Libertie and exemption from unjust taxes and evil government that divers other places were likewise in Arms for them And it was a miracle that anie place stood out For they favored and countenanced them that followed their faction and those of the contrarie Partie were perpetually under the lash of their persecution In Palencia the people mutinied and would have killed the brother to their Bishop Mota with divers Canons and other Priests of the Citie becaus they had given possession of the Bishoprick to the said Mota whom they extreamly hated In Alcala de Henares they turned the Governor and the Vicar-General to the Arch-Bishop out of the Citie becaus they hated the Arch-Bishop for beeing a kinsman to Xeures and a stranger Medina prepared to make open War against Coca and Alaejos in revenge of the mischiefs and losses which they had susteined by Antonio de Fonseca It would bee an endless task to undertake to give a particular relation of their outrages what persecutions robberies and murthers were committed in each place Those of Segovia did not lie still either but were perpetually making new attempts against the Earl of Chinchon and the Town of Espinar which they assaulted and sacked as if they had been Infidels carrying away their wives and daughters some of whose husbands following after the Segovians said That if their wives went with them beyond a certain limit they should keep them for ever SECT VI. I Mentioned in the rising of Burgos the prudence and courage which the Lord high Counstable to detain and suppress the furie of that disorderly people had shewed in taking upon himself the Autoritie and care of administring Justice to the great contentment and rejoicing of the Citizens But the inconstant Vulgar upon no occasion lost the respect which was due to so honorable a person never considering how advantageous it would have been for them to have suffâ—red themselvs to bee governed by him in such troublesom times That which they pretended to bee the caus of their respectless audacitie was That when Medina del Campo did besiege Alaejos Segovia Salamanca Avila and other Cities having assisted them with men to destroie that Town out of the exceeding hatred which they bore Antonio de Fonseca Burgos would do the like out of revenge of the Merchandise which they lost in Medina by Fonseca's burning it But the Lord High Constable satisfied them otherwise And becaus his son offered himself to bee their Captain which the people imagined hee did onely out of subtiltie and cunning to amuse them or for som other by-respect they began to bee jealous of him this suspicion ingendred a mortal hatred insomuch that their furie grew beyond the bounds of moderation and obedience The Lord high Counstable had privately conveyed into his hous four hundred Lances Which beeing known in the Citie the Regidores and Gentlemen assembled and sent two of their companie to summon him Hee excused himself saying hee was very ill and could not go to them But they told him that they could not bee satisfied with that answer hee must rise and go with them At last hee went and was civilly received beeing com amongst them two of the Assemblie in the names of all the rest rose up and thus bespake him Wee are very sorrie and grieved that the honor and affection wherewith this Citie hath alwaies served your Lordship and your Ancestors beeing Persons of so great qualitie natives and in a maner Lords of all this Citie which is the chief of Castilla should bee so ill requited as that you should keep secretly in your hous four hundred Lances to destroie the people wee require you forthwith to dismiss them and reserv onely twentie servants about you if not the Citie will take their remedie This was not very pleasing to the Lord Constable but it behoved him to satisfie their desires Yet notwithstanding hee condescended to their wills the suspicions ceased not neither were the people pacified Upon our Ladie 's daie of September their furie broke out and all the Commonaltie rose up in Arms against him in such a raging manner that they had killed him if hee had not retired to his hous where almost
intention came to Toledo very well attended and was driven out by the Common people Such was the confusion of that Citie which DonÌ„a Maria Pacheco did uphold with as much courage as if shee had been a Captain long exercised in Martial affairs and therefore shee was generally callâ—d la Muger valerosa the valiant Woman The report goe's that shee made use of the Crosses in stead of Colors and to excite the people to compassion shee made her son to bee carried up and down the streets upon a Mule with a mourning Hood and Cloak on and in a Streamer the picture of her husband Iohn de Padilla beheaded Divers other things were said of her it may bee they were but feigned Amongst the rest That shee had a fancie that shee should bee a Queen which was put into her head by som Morisco witches at Granada At length her partie began to weaken and diminish Don Estevan Gabriel Merino prevailing against her who shewed himself a person of great conduct and prudence This Prelate who afterwards was Cardinal of San Vidal then governing the Bishoprick of Iaen and beeing Dean of Toledo assisted by the Marshal Payo de Ribera and other â—entlemen of that Citie having routed DonÌ„a Maria and her adherents turned them out of Toledo and shee having disguised herself in a Countrie-woman's habit and riding upon an Ass with som Gees in her hands escaped otherwise shee had lost her head aswel as her Husband So shee spun out the rest of her daies in exsile After this the Citie was reduced and enjoied the benefit of the general pardon with other good conditions which by reason of the War of Navarra were granted them and as they desired neither Don Iohn de Ribera nor any of his kindred were permitted to com into the Citie until the King returned into Spain they received Don Estevan Gabriel Merino and Doctor Zumel for their chief officers of Justice They pull'd down Padilla's hous to the ground which done they ploughed it and sowed it with Salt becaus the soil where the Captain of so great troubles and mischiefs had his birth and habitation should not produce so much as grass or weeds erecting there a pillar with an Inscription declaring the manner of his life and deplorable end SECT XXV ALthough the whole Kingdom almost was reduced the fear of punishment exceeding the hopes they had of carrying on their design Yet the Fort of Fermosel which was under the command and properly belonging to the Bishop of Zamora stood peremptorily upon their defence The Governors hereupon sent the Earl of Alva de Lista with a competent number of men to take it who requiring the Governor to deliver it to the Emperor hee answered that hee kept it in the Bishop of Zamora's name for his Majestie that if his Majestie did com thither and bring the Bishop with him whom the Duke of Naxara had taken prisoner hee would presently surrender it otherwise not The Earl laid siege to it hereupon but to small purpose for it was very strong The Duke of Naxara not long after sent to the Governors desiring them to command the siege to bee raised before â—ermosel becaus it belonged to his son the Bishop having â—xchanged it with him The Governors gave order forthwith that the Earl of Alva should give them Truce for twentie daies whilest they sent to the Emperor to know his Majesties pleasure The taking of the Bishop of Zamora was in this manner Hee seeing all his partie routed and that it was no boot for him to staie in Spain resolved to make France his refuge But beeing in the confines of Navarra at the same time the French King made his attempt upon that Countrie at a place called Villamediana a league from LogronÌ„o although hee had disguised himself hee was discovered and taken prisoner by an Alferez named Perote Who carried him thence to Navarrete a Town two leagues from Naxara where hee delivered him to the Duke Don Antonio who kept him there until the Emperor commanded him to bee carried to the Castle of Simancas where hee ended his daies as you shall hear SECT XXVI THe Citie of Valladolid wrote to the Lord Admiral desiring him to stand their friend as his Ancestors had done in former times Whereunto hee returned a very kind answer assuring them all the favor hee could do them or procure them from his Majestie so that they continned their contrition and acknowledgment of their errors and refrained from acting any thing misbecoming the obedience of Loyal and faithful subjects And to conclude this tedious relation I shall tell you onely that the Emperor beeing returâ—ed into Spain called a Counsel in Palencia where hee consulted of and concluded a general pardon for the whole Kingdom But some of the Commoners beeing brought to execution as shall bee hereafter mentioned the Castillians not knovving what had past in his Majesties Counsels began to bee possest with fears For the absolute distruction and banishing whereof the Emperor upon the 28th of October 1522 caused a great scaffold to bee erected in the chief market place of Valladolid and covered with rich cloth of gold and silk whereon his Majestie cloathed with long robes after the Antient manner all his Grandees and Council about him beeing seated his Attornie General with a rich Herald's Coat and one of the Clarks of the Exchequer named Gallo having made a long narration of the troubles and insurrections of Castilla read with a distinct loud voice the general pardon which his Majestie granted to the whole Kingdom wherein were excepted onely some threescore or fourscore persons whom in regard the greatest part of them were but ordinarie people some of them Friers and others already punished I shall not trouble my self to particularize onely the execution of Don Pedro Pimentel de Talavera who was taken at the battle of Villalar and his head was cut off in the publick place of Palencia The Commissioners of Guadalaxara and Segovia with some others beeing prisoners at la Mota de Medina del Campo the Alcalde Leguizama was sent thither to do Justice upon them Beeing there arrived hee commanded seven of them to bee brought out of the Common Gaol vvhere they were put with ropes about their necks and set upon Asses until they came into the chief market place of Medina where all their heads were cut off In the Citie of Vitoria a skinner of Salamanca and two or three more of his complices were executed on Fridaie the 14th of August 1522. That which was chiefly laid to the charge of the Commissioners and other Gentlemen vvas their daring to take possession of the Queen at Tordesillas turning avvaie the Marquis of Denia and his Ladie vvho had commands from his Majestie to attend her person And besides that some of them held correspondence vvith the King of France SECT XXVII THe Bishop of Zamora beeing taken as is related vvas brought aftervvards prisoner to the Fort of