Selected quad for the lemma: justice_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
justice_n	judge_n	king_n	power_n	3,562	5	5.1146	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13122	1582. Ianuarij decimus. The pathwaie to martiall discipline Now newly imprinted, and deuided into three bookes. Wherevnto is added the order and vse of the Spaniards in their martiall affaires: which copie was lately found in the fort in Ireland, where the Spaniards and Italians had fortified themselues. The first booke: entreateth of the offices from the highest to the lowest, with the lawes of the field, arming, mustering, and training of souldiers. The second boore [sic]: entreateth of sundrie proportions and training of caleeuers, and how to bring bowes to a great perfection of seruice: also how to march with a campe royall: with diuers tables annexed for the present making of your battells, as otherwise to know how many paces they require in their march & battels from 500. to 10000. The third booke: comprehendeth the very right order of the Spaniards, how to traine, march, and encampe, with diuers tables therein contained.; Pathwaie to martiall discipline	Styward, Thomas.; Gutierrez de la Vega, Luis, b. ca. 1509. De re militari. English. aut; Lichefield, Nicholas.	1582 (1582)	STC 23414; ESTC S117930	83,311	166

in their seruice and from their Captaines which otherwise will be a cause of greater disorder and manie discommodities ⸫ An Oration to be made by the Generall before the Battell be fought VAliant Knights and Companions in Warre most thankfullie I accept your seruice for that you doe offer your liues as true subiects to accompanie me the Kings high General in the warres wherein you greatlie show your duties For of right you ought too loose your goods and to venture your liues at the commaundement of the King and for the defence and suretie of your Countreye giuing vnto you not onelie thanks for your companie but much more for your good counsell which dailie you giue me For in great conflicts seldome is found together both good counsell and stoute hearts minding not too enterprise this battell in hope of mans power for then had you reason wee should not giue battell seeing the great multitude in respect of vs. For as you saie the waightie affaires of a publike weale should not bee vnaduisedlie committed too the vncerteine of Fortune the which hath caused the King my Maister to apoint me in this daungerous and perilous warres First trusting that on our part there remaineth Iustice and sith God is the same onelie Iustice I trust assuredlie he will giue mee the victorie in this perillous conflicts for Iustice auaileth princes more that they haue then the men of Warre doe which they lead Wherefore sith our cause is iust and that we haue God the onelie Iudge thereof on our sides mee thinks no worldlie feare should make vs cease to giue the battell for I should show my selfe to be of small faith and also blaspheme God saying hee were of small Iustice for God sheweth his power there where the frailenesse of man hath least hope Then since by the King our Maister and Gouernour we are appointed and procured to come to this warre I haue determined my most louing Companions and fellow Souldiers to enter in battell and valiantlie to aduenture my life with you and if I perish therein I shall be sure it shall be for the saluation of my soule and the memorie of my person for to die through Iustice is not to die but to change death for life and thus doing if I loose my life yet I loose not my honour and all this considered I doe that which to my Prince and the Common-wealth I am bound For to a Prince it were great infamie and dishonour the quarrell being his owne should by the bloud of others séeke reuenge minding this daie to trie in battel whether the pleasure or will of the liuing God bee to giue vs victorie the which maie bee a warning to others of the great wrong offered vs if otherwise he suffer vs to perish the ende of the sword of the enimie is but the scourge of our offences The best I see therefore in this matter to be done is that we confesse our selues vnto the celestial God preparing our selues to receiue our redéemer euery man to pardon and forgiue his brother if hee haue done wrong or iniurie vnto him for oftentimes though the demaund of the warres be iust yet many mishaps befal therin through the offences of those which pursue and follow the same Now each thing accomplished as behooueth according too my saying then let God dispose things as hee shall seeme good Wherefore my louing valiant and stout Souldiers doubt not at all for this daie I must either vanquish mine enimies or els suffer death and if I die I do that which I néeds must Wherefore I will now cease to exhort you any more desiring you most louingly to consider that wherevnto your dutie leadeth you remembring that you are come as Knights and in the defence of your Countrie to wage battell beeing now come to that pinch that deedes must more auaile vs then words for peace ought too bee maintained by the tongue but warres ought to be atchiued by the sword Of the ordering of the battailes before they fight THe oration being made by the Generall and praiers finished to the immortall God it is requisite that thou haue care too bringe forth thy armie to the field with bright and shining armour which easilie maie bee done by giuing charge in time to the Captaiues and so to the officers that their burgonets corslets enleeuers holberds and euerie other peece of armour forasmuch as the cleannes and brightnes of the weapons maketh the armie séeme terrible and putteth feare and trauell in the minds of the enimies Then call forth thy bands the which being set in araie the Generall beeing expert hauing seene the preparation of the enimies giueth in charge too the Sergeant maior and the principall corporalls too accommodate and ordaine his souldiers in battaile according to the armie the men and the manners of them And if the enimie bee more puissant of horsemen thou hauing the commoditie choose thee straight and difficult places or at the foote of mountaines and where the horse cannot easilie serue If in footmen hee exceedeth then it is requisite to get the hills and places of aduauntage as the Sunne and winde c. and that with diligence to choose such fit places whiche either bee neere Rockes or Riuers and aboue all things where thou maist put in araie thy battailes and by the qualitie of thy place be able to let thy enimes that they neither compasse thee about nor inclose thee the which requires not onelie the counsaile and prudence of a wise Captaine but the counsaile of the most expert in the camp because oftentimes an Armie hapneth vpon such places And notwithstanding the Captaine ignorant how to choose such situation of ground as is best for him but of those that are present it is good to choose the best and to foresee which maie bee most profitable is surely a signe of a wise Captaine Caius Sulpitius to feare his enimies got a great manie of mules and other beasts vnprofitable for the warres causing a greate number of sackes to bee gotten which were so ordered vppon the backes of the beasts as they seemed men at armes giuing in charge whiles he was a fighting they should appeare vppon a hill whereby grew his victorie against the Frenchmen The Spaniards to ouercome Amilcar set in the fronts of their battels cartes ful of towe drawen with Oxen that béeing readie for the encounter they set it on fire causing the Oxen behementlie to thrust forwards into the armie of the enimie deuiding the same Thy number small and the fields large and open it is good to make ditches the which being filled with bowghes and slightlie couered with earth leauing voide spaces for thy horse and shot to procure skirmish the which being of the enimie encountered maie faine a running awaie and béeing prosecuted by the enimie shal be ouerthrown in the ditches where they are easilie slaine manie such notable diuises by wise Captaines hath beene practised the which vppon the sodeine put in

that hee was forewarned that whatsoeuer is to be done by them may be done in their course and order thereby to auoyde all brawles and iarres which myght happen amongest Officers euerie man knowing what appertaineth to his charge When the face of the Battaile must bée turned hee muste giue warning that euerie manne turne his face and not his Weapons that there doe no noise arise in such cases And this may be done best and most readilie if euerie souldier kéepe the point of his weapon in his hande which doth giue a glorious shew and besides that doth make them readie to lay on their shoulders againe if they haue cause to march againe at length and he shall giue order whē the army remouing do come to any straight passage or other discommodious place which may break their order that euerie ranke doe passe after another and when they he beyond y e straight that then they place them in order againe which being obserued in euerie rank they may presently be in some order as they were before the readier to be brought to the formes squares before rehearsed And when anie charge or commandement is to be giuen see it set and ordeined in the Rereward and when there is nothing to bee done hee shall raise the armie Hée shal likewise commaund that euerie Ensigne march with his owne companie to the end when they come to be incamped they may the easiliar be brought to their lodging appointed for them Of the electing and office of the foure Corporals of the fields GReat regard woulde be had to the choosing of these as well for their calling yeares and valiantnesse as otherwise for their experience lenitie and wisedome Whereby these Warlike affaires may be the readier and sooner executed otherwise it may be preiudiciall to the whole Armie These be vnder the Sergeant generall to appoint set order and make battaile and battailes and and to guide euerie particular personne therein according to their degree and office and as the necessitie of the same shall require to instruct and reforme whose commaundementes all Captaines and Souldiers with their Officers must obeie But in march approch camizado skirmish retraite watch warde or what other seruice by them shal be commanded whose authoritie likewise is such as if any resist they shall by the Prouost matiall be punished as rebels of what calling or degrée soeuer they be Two of these are appointed to the placing and ordering of shot and the other two for the embatteling of the pikes and bile who according to their worthinesse if death happeneth are to succeed the great Sergeant or Sergeant maior Of the warlike counsell and their oathes SUch must by the Generall of the armie be appointed and chosen twelue honest wise graue men the which saide twelue he shall appoint to bee his iudges and determiners in all martiall discipline and correction His choise is to bee made of Captaines or otherwise at his pleasure so hee bee of staied iudgement and of honest sobrietie The which said iudges being is elected and chosen shall haue their wages accordingly appointed them who except in great extremitie shall bee watch frée These shall sweare and protest solemnitie by the almightie God vnto the saide Generall that they will serue the Prince by the moneth in that p●●●● which they are chosen and called to that they wil seriusly faithful obedient and dutiful vnto the Generall in all néedfull and lawfull affaires and at al times vprightly indifferently to iudge all causes comming before them to bée obedient to the commandements of the Generall standing with equitie and the lawes of the fielde that they will to the vttermost power indeuour them selues to giue counsaile and aduise to see Generall to the well-fare and commoditie of the Prince and his subiects and iustly to iudge the rich as the póore not regarding friendship kindred or any other corrupting cause which may lead affection to the hinderance of Iustice but to their knowledge to minister equitie according to the tenour of the lawes as they wil that God helpe them at the last dreadful day of iudgement Also that in mustering they doe diligently foresée to their vttermost power that the prince their maister be not deceiued in giuing double paie to such as are not worthie and that they shall also deliuer the names of the souldiers vnto the Generall as they mustered them with a note of their aloweance and wages vnder their hands and seales faithfully without anie deceipt Of the othes that euerie officer ought to take of what Office so euer he be Of the Pretor THe Pretor shall take his oath giuen him by the Generall who shall sweare by almightie God that whatsoeuer he shall iudge ordaine or determine in court or out of court that he shall kéepe it close and secret to his liues end and that he shall bee true and iust to the Lords and that he shall execute iustice to his vttermost power and that he shall not during the warres take anie gift of any man for any matter in controuersie to be tried before him but shall vse indifferent iustice to all men without respect of persons friendship or malice as God shal help him at the dredfull daie of iudgement Of the Prouost Martiall HIs oath is likewise giuen by the Generall that these points whereof doe consist herein that hée shall sée all faultes duelie and according to the lawes punished in al offenders without regard or respectt of persons That hée shall in the market place set vp a paire of gallowes both for the terrour of the wicked as for execution vpon them that offend the lawes Also that he shall set on all victuals brought to the market a reasonable price that the seller and the buier may reasonably liue by it And that he exact nothing beyond his duetie of anie man that he neither vse extortion or briberie that hee let no prisoner taken of the enemie or offendour otherwise to his witting escape with other Articles conteined in his office at the discretion of y e Generall the which he must bée sworne vnto Of the master of the watch HIS oath is to be true and iust in his office and nightly to attende vpon the Generall to receiue the watch word the which at the setting of the watch hee shall secretly deliuer vnto the Captaines Hée shall diuers times proue the watch as well to see if they sleepe not and such as hee findeth in fault to accuse them to the higher officers who ought to appoint their punishment according to the tenour of the Articles otherwise appertaineth vnto his office at the discretion of the Generall of the armie Of the chiefe Purueiour of the victuals HIS oath is to bee true and iust in his office and not to bee slacke anie time in procuring in his office good fit and wholesome victualles as well for those souldiers in extraordinarie as for those which are in ordinary seruice prest not to

werie or driue away from the victualing of y e Campe anie victualer by giuing him a more or lesse summe then they are wel worthie to procure as many to serue the campe with good victuals as he can both in giuing of them good and faire language as also now and then to giue them some piece of money to encourage the saide victuallers to take paines with the like And that hee shall with diligence faythfully shun all things that shall anie wayes be vnprofitable vnto the Prince and the souldiers And to deuise as farre as his wit and iudgement will serue him to profit his Lord and Maister and his souldiers as well for wholesome victuals béere and wine for their bodies as for good swéet and wholesome meate for their horses as well for such as serue in the fielde as such as trauaile worke in the wagon cart or otherwise which followe for the reliefe of the campe and that of all these their doings he kéepe a true perfect booke of accountes and reckonings for the Generall when and as often as it shall please him to call for it that the rest of the counsell may be priuie to it if so it shall bee thought good of the Generall of the fielde for the better tryall of all his dealings Of the fire Maister HIs oth is to be true and iust in his office that without speciall commaundement of the Generall not to aduenture to set anie thing on fire vnlesse that the enemie bée encountred withall and then without delay all mattters laide aparte to annoy the enemie by his skill what hee may And that hée doe not burne or waste anie cornehouses or other thing that maye anie waies profite the campe and that to his knowledge Hée shall not hurt or hinder any poore creature or aged person that he may well spare but extend mercie and pitie on them Of the Clarke or Notarie of the Court. THe Notarie shal be sworne before the xii Iudges of the Court that he shall trulie without fraude exercise his office not adding or diminishing for friendship malice or bribery any thing deliuered to him in Court or els where to the hinderance of equitie and iustice And that he precisely kéepe vndefaced and vncanceled all the recordes the whole actes dealings of all men hanging in the Court whether they be tried or vntried in controuersie not determined and that he kéepe conceale all things that he heareth in the court either said or done as ended determined secrete close to his liues end and if he doe otherwise he shall haue the lawe prouided for such an offender Of the common crier of the Court. HEe shall take the like oth before the Iudge to doe trulie and faithfully in his office at all times and places as the Iudge shal command him so that through his diligence there bée no fault found in him at the court day that hee kéepe close and secret all such matters as he shall heare handled by the Iudges vntill his liues end as God helpe him Certeine necessarie points concerning the Captaines charge THe noble custome of English warriours is to choose appoint to the leading of men such Captaines as bée circumspect skilfull expert in the noble art of martiall affaires also hardie valiant of courage painfull ingenious liberall in rewarding iust in seruice to their powers aboue all thinges on the earth ouer mindfull to render a iust account of that charge daily regarding that their numbers bee furnished with men armour weapons and munitions to them apperteining with all other things to them néedfull to be vsed distributed in times conuenient oft calling foorth their numbers to muster march and traine the same in all such necessarie points of warre as to such apperteineth They may not suffer any to continue and spend their time in idlenesse leauing their armour weapons and other furniture vnreadie to seruice at néede but giue commaundement vnto their officers in their absence circumspectly to looke vnto the same They may not suffer their souldiers to liue in too much libertie neither to be outragious as some haue done in other countries in times past as in whoorehunting dronkennesse common swearing quarrelling fighting defrauding or any other thing contrarie to the lawes of God and our Prince and the order of the field but vpon approuing any such offence shall reforme correct and amend the same immediatly Good Captaines will haue speciall regard that such prouision be made for his souldiers in due time as vnto their numbers shall be néedfull and necessarie as wel for victuals as for armour and munitions the same to be discretly vsed and in due time by vitlers appointed and to be distributed to their souldiers to pay their wages truly also to sée the vitlers and other artificers lending vnto soldiers vpon their credit at néed vntill the pay day to be satisfied paied also if any of their souldiers be taken prisoners be raunsomed home in due time that their bands be not long vnfurnished of men to the hinderance of seruice Captaines haue oft times committed to their charge and leading soldiers of great honestie substance credit so haue they others of small regard both ignorant and wilfull whom through their worthy and prudent gouernment may be so trained and instructed by word and déed courteously gratifying the good and sharply correcting the euill that in short time all be brought to one ciuilitie of seruice The Captaines charge CAptaines haue also oftentimes certeine exploits and points of seruice committed vnto them wherein they must be very secret vsing therein great discretion knowledge as occasion of seruice shall require as to vse to cownuoie camisado ambush eskermish approch assault retraite c. The which sometimes requireth counsaile of the skilfull and expert souldiers whose opinion they will diligently obserue and learne gratifieng and rewarding according to the value of their counsaile so shal they sometime proue circumspectly trie by fained pretenses saying they mind exploits wil trauaile to some place nothing pretending the same but finding such rash busy bodies vnsecret to counsaile presuming without knowledge or experience afterward reuealing the same will trie the truth punish the offenders as to their demerits is méet Captains must be verie circumspect in choosing of souldiers to their officers of their bands placing auncient trauailed and skilful men to charge according to their experiences as lieuetenants ensigne-berers sergeants of bands and other whose duties are hereafter mentioned Many other noble points vnto good captaines do apperteine the which for tediousnesse in this I omit wishing that such be chosen painful in trauaile circumspect in wit hardie of courage liberall of hart in rewarding of seruice Thus trusting this briefe remembrance may signifie vnto the noble and expert also to the vnperfect auaileable Certeine points to the Lieuetenants charge LIeuetenants of euery band ought to be men of

as periured persons with all seueritie be punished and if any souldier or souldiers shall offend in any manner of thing that dooth belong and appertaine to the dutie of a souldier whereof there is no mention made in these articles such an offender shall bée punished at the discretion of the chiefe Captaine THese Articles must bée openly read in the presence of the chiefe Captaines by the notarie or scribe of the court and after that it is read the oth shall be ministred vnto euery man by the pretor in this wise or the like wordes to the same end and purpose speaking vnto the whole companie and saying My brethren and friends that are héere present ye haue héere heard the articles of the Quéene our souereigne conteining the chiefe principall points of our rights and lawes of the field and of the oth and the manner thereof which euery souldier ought to take All you therefore that doo meane faithfully and valiantly to obserue mainteine fulfill confirme and kéepe the aforesaid articles let him héere now either openly refuse to be a souldier or with me hold vp his finger and say after me ALl these Articles which haue béene openly read vnto vs we hold allow as sacred and good and those will we truly and stoutly confirme fulfill mainteine and kéepe so helpe vs God and his diuine word Amen These Articles with others which for tediousnesse I omit would be published some vpon paine of death some greater and some with lesser punishment to euery one that doth offend without any remission or forgiuenesse or regard of bloud degrée kindred or frendship specially at the beginning to lye in Campe whereby the army may the better be set in good order and to make it fearefull of God of iustice and of the Generall with loue and feare The execution héereof onely apperteineth to the Maister of the Campe for the hearing ordering and determyning of causes of iustice vnder the Generall as the Liuetenant of a Citie or Towne Deputie for the Prince For the Maister of the campe is the chiefe of the orders who hath place in the Field in many things as principall next to the Generall who hath the chiefe gouernement in pitching the Campe and dislodging briefly from the Generall downeward it is the greatest charge and burden that is in the Armie and therefore it is requisite that hée haue good knowledge and remembrance of all the orders whereby the warres is to be gouerned and that he be of good practise and experience But such cases as are capitall and of great importance should bee heard and determined by the Generall and his Iudges it sufficeth that God is the knower and determiner and next vnto him his ministers on earth who failing to doe iustice either for zeale loue or hatred shall yéeld account thereof before the diuine Iudge and this law cannot be auoyded by vs but we shall be cited and called by way of appeale How Captaines according to their worthinesse are preferred to great charge SOme Ensignes haue in times past ben accompanied with one hundred some with two some with thrée some with foure some with fiue hundred men according to the worthinesse and experience of Captaines of which all were not throughly except at the first the better to traine exercise and order such numbers to seruice appertayning Here followe certeine perticular practises in proportion by letters signifying men from one hundred vnto fiue hundred in quadrant or two-folde battaile to the greatest strength for defence of enimies shewing euery weapon particularly in their place and order to march any waies to seruice conuenient or els to kéepe the ground of aduantage as winde Hill and Sunne will permitte in which consisteth great profit Certaine words to be vsed of the Captaine in time of trayning AT such times as the Captaine or any other officer determine to exercise their company to traine them they must cast them into a Ring or such like necessary and to vse these words vnto the souldiers saying as after followeth My louing friends and fellowes we be gathered together being also appointed to serue God and our Prince and to defend our countrie to the death and for that none through ignorance shall perish or runne in daunger of the lawes of the field ye shall from time to time by mée or the officers of my band be instructed by words or déedes in such pointes as to our calling and the necessitie of Seruice shal require the which you must diligently obserue and followe though such to you many times séeme both daungerous and painfull Also if any of you my fellowes shall find an occasion conuenient to declare to mée his minde and opinion in any thing touching seruice I will diligently heare and gratifie the partie the double value thereof and God willing I will vse equitie and iustice with the same Also regard that all Souldiers knowe and obeye their Officers in their place according to their calling Heere are set foorth certeine points to traine exercise and in order to place one hundreth men three in a ranke also how to bring them into a Ring an Esse or a Snaile very profitable for young Souldiers AS before I haue set foorth what number of weapons apperteineth to euery band frō one hundred vnto fiftéene hūdred men euen so to march thrée in a ranke thrée thirty rankes containe one hundred men suting your weapons in this order following that is in the front or voward .25 shot next your shot .20 pikes then 10. Billes to gard the Ensigne and next your Bils your other twentie pikes and then your other .25 shot the which béeing thus placed may by your Officers be brought to these proportions and orders as followeth greatly auaileable to diuers Seruices The Voward The rereward FIrst for that a C. is the least number that a Captaine hath in charge I will therefore begin with one hundred the which after you haue taught to march .3 in a ranke right foorth you shall bring them in this proportion of a ring otherwise called a limasson And although it is not of any force it is necessary to traine the vnperfect also by bringing them in close cōpasse together they may better heare and vnderstand any precepts touching their charge spoken by the Captaine or any other officers as oft as is méete This is not of force bicause the Ensigne lyeth open to the enimies without gard of Pikes A Ring SOmetimes vpon good occasion you shall bring your pikes in order of an esse your billes placed in the midst with the Ensigne whereby it may bee enuironed with Pikes for defence of horse your shot placed betwéene euery ranke of Pikes so that they may serue to the skirmish either rescuing other within gard the which retiring into the voyd place the Pikes couched euery way for defence the ouerplus of shot with the Captaine and Liuetenaunt with other officers to be placed in the midst of the Esse with the Ensigne