discipline_n 58._o ll._n canut_n cap._n 58._o if_o they_o follow_v their_o rule_n which_o be_v make_v not_o by_o the_o arbitry_n of_o the_o general_n but_o by_o parliament_n these_o among_o other_o scatter_a principle_n concern_v sea-affaire_n may_v serve_v to_o let_v we_o know_v that_o the_o law-martiall_n and_o that_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v branch_n of_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n settle_v by_o the_o general_a vote_n in_o the_o wittagenmot_n and_o not_o leave_v to_o the_o will_n of_o a_o lawless_a general_n or_o commander_n so_o tender_a and_o uniform_a be_v those_o time_n both_o in_o their_o law_n and_o liberty_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o saxon_a kingdom_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o first_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o kingdom_n into_o shire_n and_o their_o officer_n if_o the_o saxon_a government_n be_v regular_a in_o time_n of_o war_n how_o much_o rather_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n all_o great_a work_n be_v do_v by_o parcel_n and_o degree_n and_o it_o be_v the_o saxon_n ancient_a way_n in_o germany_n to_o divide_v their_o territory_n into_o several_a circuit_n or_o circle_n and_o to_o assign_v to_o each_o their_o several_a magistrate_n all_o of_o they_o rule_v by_o one_o law_n like_o one_o soul_n work_v in_o several_a member_n to_o one_o common_a good_a thus_o they_o do_v here_o in_o england_n have_v find_v the_o land_n already_o divide_v into_o several_a government_n they_o likewise_o what_o they_o conquer_v divide_v into_o several_a part_n call_v comitatus_fw-la or_o county_n from_o the_o word_n come_v that_o signify_v a_o companion_n and_o the_o county_n thence_o call_v be_v nothing_o but_o society_n or_o association_n in_o public_a charge_n and_o service_n but_o the_o saxon_a word_n be_v shire_n or_o share_n that_o be_v a_o portion_n or_o precinct_n of_o ground_n belong_v to_o this_o or_o that_o person_n or_o great_a town_n and_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o that_o person_n or_o town_n and_o sometime_o of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o people_n as_o north_n or_o south_n folk_n east_n or_o south_n sex_n or_o saxon_n this_o division_n by_o the_o name_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o saxon_a original_a and_o though_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o ingulfus_n and_o other_o writer_n hon._n seld._n tit._n hon._n it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v do_v by_o alfred_n yet_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v more_o ancient_a if_o the_o reader_n mind_n the_o grant_n of_o peter_n penny_n make_v by_o king_n offa_n wherein_o be_v record_v the_o several_a diocese_n and_o shire_n out_o of_o which_o that_o grant_n be_v make_v under_o the_o very_a same_o name_n that_o they_o own_o at_o this_o day_n 794._o m._n westm_n an._n 794._o and_o that_o grant_v be_v more_o ancient_a than_o alfred_n time_n by_o the_o space_n of_o 80_o year_n each_o of_o these_o shire_n or_o county_n have_v their_o two_o chief_a governor_n for_o distributive_a justice_n of_o these_o the_o sheriff_n be_v more_o ancient_a and_o worthy_a officer_n be_v the_o lieutenant_n sheriff_n sheriff_n and_o aid_v by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o county_n in_o certain_a case_n for_o his_o commission_n extend_v not_o to_o levy_v war_n but_o to_o maintain_v justice_n in_o that_o county_n and_o within_o the_o same_o and_o in_o this_o work_n he_o be_v partly_o ministerial_a and_o partly_o judicial_a in_o the_o one_o he_o be_v the_o king_n servant_n to_o execute_v his_o writ_n in_o the_o other_o he_o regulate_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n under_o his_o survey_n 35._o ll._n edw._n c._n 35._o he_o be_v choose_v in_o the_o county_n court_n call_v the_o folkmote_a by_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o freeholder_n and_o as_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o the_o heretock_n be_v entitle_v to_o their_o honour_n by_o the_o people_n favour_n coroner_n coroner_n the_o coroner_n though_o in_o original_a late_a be_v nevertheless_o very_o ancient_a he_o be_v the_o more_o servant_n or_o officer_n to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o two_o his_o work_n be_v to_o inquire_v upon_o view_n of_o manslaughter_n and_o by_o indictment_n of_o all_o felony_n as_o do_v contra_fw-la coronam_fw-la which_o former_o be_v only_o contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la and_o triable_a only_o by_o appeal_n 13._o miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sec._n 13._o as_o also_o he_o be_v to_o inquire_v of_o all_o escheate_n and_o forfeiture_n and_o they_o to_o seize_v he_o be_v also_o to_o receive_v appeal_n of_o felony_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o roll_n of_o the_o crown_n plea_n within_o the_o county_n it_o be_v evident_a he_o be_v a_o officer_n in_o alfred_n time_n 300._o miror_fw-la p._n 300._o for_o that_o king_n put_v a_o judge_n to_o death_n for_o sentence_v one_o to_o suffer_v death_n upon_o the_o coroner_n record_v without_o allow_v the_o delinquent_a liberty_n of_o traverse_n this_o officer_n also_o be_v make_v by_o election_n of_o the_o freeholder_n in_o their_o county_n court_n as_o the_o sheriff_n be_v 164._o fit_v n._n br._n 163_o 164._o and_o from_o among_o the_o man_n of_o chief_a rank_n in_o the_o county_n and_o swear_v in_o their_o presence_n but_o the_o king_n writ_n lead_v the_o work_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o county_n court_n and_o the_o sheriff_n tear_v the_o government_n of_o the_o county_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n consist_v much_o in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v do_v in_o the_o public_a meeting_n of_o the_o freeholder_n &_o their_o meeting_n be_v either_o in_o one_o place_n or_o in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o county_n in_o each_o of_o which_o the_o sheriff_n have_v the_o manage_v of_o the_o act_n do_v there_o court_n folkmote_a or_o county_n court_n the_o meeting_n of_o the_o freeman_n in_o one_o place_n be_v call_v the_o folkmote_a by_o the_o saxon_n save_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o honourable_a reporter_n coke_n instit_fw-la 2._o p._n 69._o and_o of_o latter_a time_n the_o county_n court_n the_o work_n wherein_o be_v partly_o for_o consultation_n &_o direction_n concern_v the_o order_n of_o the_o county_n for_o the_o safety_n and_o peace_n thereof_o such_o as_o be_v redress_v of_o grievance_n election_n of_o officer_n prevention_n of_o danger_n etc._n etc._n and_o partly_o it_o be_v judicial_a 147._o miror_fw-la p._n 147._o in_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o common_a plea_n of_o the_o county_n the_o church_n affair_n and_o some_o trespass_n do_v therein_o but_o not_o matter_n criminal_a for_o the_o bishop_n be_v judge_n therein_o together_o with_o the_o sheriff_n and_o by_o the_o canon_n he_o be_v not_o to_o intermeddle_v in_o matter_n of_o blood_n yet_o neither_o be_v the_o bishop_n nor_o sheriff_n work_v in_o that_o court_n other_z then_z directory_n or_o declaratory_a for_o the_o freeman_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o the_o other_o do_v but_o edocere_fw-la jura_fw-la populo_fw-la 15._o ll._n canut_n miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sec._n 15._o yet_o in_o special_a case_n upon_o petition_n a_o commission_n issue_v forth_o from_o the_o king_n to_o certain_a judge_n of_o oier_n to_o join_v with_o the_o other_o in_o the_o hear_n and_o determine_v of_o such_o particular_a ease_n 1._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o but_o in_o case_n of_o injustice_n or_o error_n the_o party_n grieve_v have_v liberty_n of_o appeal_n to_o the_o king_n justice_n nor_o do_v the_o common_a plea_n original_o commence_v in_o the_o county_n court_n edgar_n ll._n canut_n ll._n edgar_n unless_o the_o party_n dwell_v in_o several_a liberty_n or_o hundred_o in_o the_o same_o county_n and_o in_o case_n any_o mistake_n be_v in_o the_o commence_v of_o suit_n in_o that_o court_n which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v upon_o complaint_n the_o king_n write_v reduce_v it_o to_o its_o proper_a place_n and_o in_o this_o also_o the_o king_n own_o court_n have_v no_o preeminence_n 22._o council_n brit._n p._n 197._o tit_n 22._o in_o those_o ancient_a time_n this_o county_n court_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v but_o twice_o a_o year_n by_o the_o constitution_n of_o king_n edgar_n but_o upon_o urgent_a emergency_n often_o and_o that_o either_o by_o the_o king_n especial_a writ_n 35_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 35_o or_o if_o the_o emergent_a occasion_n be_v sudden_a and_o important_a by_o extraordinary_a summons_n of_o ring_v the_o moot-bel_n unto_o this_o court_n all_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n assemble_v to_o learn_v the_o law_n to_o administer_v justice_n 35_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 35_o to_o provide_v remedy_n for_o public_a inconvenience_n and_o to_o do_v their_o fealty_n to_o the_o king_n before_o the_o bishop_n and_o sheriff_n upon_o oath_n and_o in_o the_o work_n of_o administer_a justice_n 4._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 4._o cause_n concern_v the_o church_n must_v have_v the_o precedency_n so_o as_o yet_o the_o canon_n law_n have_v not_o get_v foot_v in_o england_n the_o other_o court_n wherein_o the_o sheriff_n have_v the_o directory_n be_v in_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o free_a man_n in_o several_a
withstand_v all_o though_o he_o have_v twice_o consent_v and_o once_o subscribe_v to_o they_o clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n have_v also_o receive_v some_o kind_n of_o allowance_n thereof_o even_o from_o rome_n itself_o 12._o cap._n 12._o clergy_n man_n hold_v per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la shall_v do_v such_o service_n as_o to_o their_o tenure_n belong_v and_o shall_v assist_v in_o the_o king_n court_n till_o judgement_n of_o life_n or_o member_n two_o thing_n be_v hereby_o manifest_a first_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o conqueror_n law_n former_o mention_v bishop_n still_o sit_v as_o judge_n in_o the_o king_n court_n as_o they_o have_v do_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n but_o it_o be_v upon_o cause_n that_o mere_o concern_v the_o laity_n so_o as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n extend_v only_o to_o separate_v the_o laity_n out_o of_o the_o spiritual_a court_n and_o not_o the_o clergy_n out_o of_o the_o lay_v court_n second_o that_o the_o clergy_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o great_a sort_n question_v their_o service_n due_a by_o tenure_n as_o if_o they_o intend_v neither_o lord_n nor_o king_n but_o the_o pope_n only_o doubtless_o the_o use_n of_o tenor_n in_o those_o time_n be_v of_o infinite_a consequence_n to_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o government_n of_o these_o king_n when_o as_o by_o these_o principal_o not_o only_a all_o degree_n be_v untie_v and_o make_v dependent_a from_o the_o lord_n paramount_n to_o the_o tenant_n peravale_fw-mi but_o especial_o the_o clergy_n with_o the_o laity_n upon_o the_o crown_n without_o which_o a_o strange_a metamorphosis_n in_o government_n must_v needs_o have_v ensue_v beyond_o the_o shape_n of_o any_o reasonable_a conceit_n the_o one_o half_a almost_o of_o the_o people_n in_o england_n be_v absolute_o put_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o a_o foreign_a power_n sanctuary_n shall_v not_o protect_v forfeit_v good_n 14._o cap._n 13_o 14._o nor_o clerk_n convict_v or_o confess_v this_o be_v law_n but_o violence_n do_v both_o now_o and_o afterward_o much_o obliterate_v it_o church_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o be_v alien_v with_o out_o licence_n 15._o constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n cap._n 15._o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o saxon_n that_o no_o tenement_n hold_v by_o service_n can_v be_v alien_v without_o licence_n or_o consent_v of_o the_o lord_n because_o of_o the_o allegiance_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n now_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o church_n may_v lie_v in_o tenure_n as_o well_o as_o other_o tenement_n but_o the_o strife_n be_v by_o the_o churchman_n to_o hold_v their_o tenement_n free_a from_o all_o humane_a service_n which_o the_o king_n withstand_v son_n of_o the_o laity_n shall_v not_o be_v admit_v into_o monastery_n without_o the_o lord_n consent_n 16._o cap._n 16._o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n with_o the_o former_a for_o the_o lord_n have_v not_o only_o right_a in_o his_o tenant_n which_o can_v not_o be_v alien_v without_o his_o consent_n but_o also_o a_o right_a in_o his_o tenant_n child_n in_o regard_n they_o in_o time_n may_v by_o descent_n become_v his_o tenant_n &_o so_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o ground_n of_o law_n for_o although_o this_o be_v no_o alienation_n by_o legal_a purchase_n yet_o it_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o the_o same_o relation_n for_o he_o that_o be_v in_o a_o monastery_n be_v dead_a to_o all_o worldly_a affair_n these_o than_o be_v the_o right_n that_o the_o king_n claim_v and_o the_o clergy_n disclaim_v at_o the_o first_o although_o upon_o more_o sober_a consideration_n they_o general_o consent_v unto_o the_o five_o last_o but_o their_o captain_n archbishop_n becket_n withstand_v the_o rest_n which_o cost_v he_o his_o life_n in_o the_o conclusion_n with_o this_o honourable_a testimony_n that_o his_o death_n samson_n like_v effect_v more_o than_o his_o life_n for_o the_o main_a thing_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o pope_n gain_v to_o be_v friend_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o great_a a_o stickler_n in_o the_o church_n affair_n as_o becket_n be_v in_o this_o tragedy_n the_o pope_n observe_v how_o the_o english_a bishop_n have_v forsake_v their_o archbishop_n espy_v a_o muse_n through_o which_o all_o the_o game_n of_o the_o popedom_n may_v soon_o escape_v and_o the_o pope_n be_v leave_v to_o sit_v upon_o thorn_n in_o regard_n of_o his_o authority_n here_o in_o england_n for_o let_v the_o metropolitan_a of_o all_o england_n be_v a_o swear_a servant_n to_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o the_o christian_a world_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o english_a bishop_n not_o concur_v it_o will_v make_v the_o triple_a crown_n at_o the_o best_a but_o double_a 1179._o antiq._n brit._n 302._o f_o xe_n an._n 1179._o alexander_n the_o pope_n therefore_o mean_v not_o to_o trust_v their_o fair_a nature_n any_o long_o but_o put_v a_o oath_n upon_o every_o english_a bishop_n to_o take_v before_o their_o consecration_n whereby_o he_o become_v bind_v 1._o to_o absolute_a allegiance_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o romish_a church_n 2._o not_o to_o further_a by_o deed_n or_o consent_v any_o prejudice_n to_o they_o 3._o to_o conceal_v their_o counsel_n 4._o to_o aid_v the_o roman_a papacy_n against_o all_o person_n 5._o to_o assist_v the_o roman_a legate_n 6._o to_o come_v to_o synod_n upon_o summons_n 7._o to_o visit_v rome_n once_o every_o three_o year_n 8._o not_o to_o sell_v any_o part_n of_o their_o bishopric_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o thus_o the_o english_a bishop_n that_o former_o do_v but_o regard_n rome_n now_o give_v their_o estate_n body_n and_o soul_n unto_o her_o service_n that_o which_o remain_v the_o king_n of_o england_n may_v keep_v and_o well_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v not_o worse_o 1167._o m._n paris_n an._n 1167._o consider_v that_o the_o king_n have_v vow_v perpetual_a enmity_n against_o the_o pope_n but_o he_o wise_o perceive_v that_o the_o king_n spirit_n will_v up_o again_o have_v thus_o get_v the_o main_a battle_n dare_v not_o adventure_v upon_o the_o king_n rear_n lest_o he_o may_v turn_v head_n and_o so_o he_o let_v the_o king_n come_v off_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o appeal_n 11._o baronus_fw-la anal._n 1164._o sec._n 11._o and_o a_o order_n to_o annul_v the_o custom_n that_o by_o he_o be_v bring_v in_o against_o the_o church_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v none_o this_o be_v too_o much_o for_o so_o brave_a a_o king_n as_o henry_n the_o second_o to_o loose_v to_o the_o scarecrow_n power_n of_o rome_n yet_o it_o befall_v he_o as_o many_o great_a spirit_n that_o favour_n prevail_v more_o with_o they_o then_o fear_v or_o power_n for_o be_v towards_o his_o last_o time_n wear_v with_o grief_n at_o his_o unnatural_a son_n a_o shadow_n of_o the_o kindness_n of_o the_o pope_n legate_n unto_o he_o win_v that_o which_o the_o clergy_n can_v never_o former_o wrest_v from_o he_o in_o these_o particular_n grant_v by_o he_o 1176._o m._n paris_n an._n 1176._o that_o no_o clerk_n shall_v answer_v in_o the_o lay_v court_n but_o only_o for_o the_o forest_n and_o their_o lay_n fee._n this_o savour_v more_o of_o courtesy_n than_o justice_n and_o therefore_o we_o find_v not_o that_o the_o same_o do_v thrive_v nor_o do_v continue_v long_o in_o force_n as_o a_o law_n although_o the_o claim_n thereof_o last_v vacance_n shall_v not_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n above_o one_o year_n unless_o upon_o case_n of_o necessity_n this_o seem_v to_o pass_v somewhat_o from_o the_o crown_n but_o lose_v it_o nothing_o for_o if_o the_o clergy_n accept_v of_o this_o grant_n they_o thereby_o allow_v the_o crown_n a_o right_a to_o make_v it_o and_o a_o liberty_n to_o determine_v its_o own_o right_a or_o continue_v the_o same_o by_o be_v sole_a judge_n of_o the_o necessity_n killer_n of_o clerk_n convict_v shall_v be_v punish_v in_o the_o bishop_n presence_n by_o the_o king_n justice_n in_o the_o licentious_a time_n of_o king_n steven_n wherein_o the_o clergy_n play_v rex_n they_o grow_v so_o unruly_a that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o have_v commit_v above_o a_o hundred_o murder_n to_o prevent_v this_o evil_a the_o king_n loath_a to_o enter_v the_o list_n with_o the_o clergy_n about_o too_o many_o matter_n let_v loose_v the_o law_n of_o feud_n for_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v to_o take_v revenge_n and_o this_o cost_n the_o blood_n of_o many_o clerk_n the_o laity_n haply_o be_v more_o industrious_a therein_o then_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v be_v because_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n for_o the_o most_o part_n favour_v they_o as_o a_o expedient_a to_o all_o which_o this_o law_n be_v make_v and_o so_o the_o clergy_n be_v still_o leave_v to_o their_o clergy_n and_o justice_n do_v upon_o such_o as_o seek_v their_o blood_n clergy_n man_n shall_v not_o be_v hold_v to_o trial_n by_o battle_n it_o be_v a_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o either_o
like_a manner_n 11._o that_o debt_n between_o clerk_n due_a be_v determine_v in_o the_o temporal_a court_n 12._o that_o bishop_n be_v compel_v by_o distress_n to_o cause_n clerk_n to_o appear_v in_o lay_v court_n without_o cause_n 13._o that_o the_o church_n lose_v its_o right_n by_o the_o cease_n of_o rent_n or_o pension_n by_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n 14._o that_o nun_n be_v compel_v to_o sue_v in_o the_o lay_v court_n for_o their_o right_n in_o possession_n befalling_a by_o decease_n of_o their_o kindred_n 15._o that_o church_n be_v deprive_v of_o their_o privilege_n till_o they_o show_v quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la they_o hold_v they_o 16._o that_o eccelesiastical_a judge_n be_v stop_v in_o their_o proceed_n by_o sheriff_n and_o great_a man_n 17._o that_o bishop_n refusal_n of_o clerk_n present_v be_v examine_v in_o the_o lay_v court_n 18._o that_o patron_n of_o religious_a house_n do_v oppress_v they_o by_o extreme_a quarter_n 19_o that_o bigamy_n and_o bastardy_n be_v try_v in_o lay_n court_v 20._o that_o the_o king_n suffer_v his_o live_n to_o be_v vacant_a for_o many_o year_n 21._o that_o the_o clergy_n be_v wrong_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n here_o be_v all_o and_o more_o than_o all_o that_o be_v true_a and_o more_o then_o enough_o to_o let_v the_o reader_n see_v that_o the_o writ_n circumspect_a agatis_fw-la be_v but_o a_o face_n put_v on_o for_o the_o present_a after_o lay_v aside_o and_o the_o clergy_n leave_v to_o the_o bare_a canon_n they_o likewise_o show_v what_o the_o clergy_n aim_v at_o and_o in_o that_o they_o do_v not_o obtain_v be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o laity_n and_o not_o to_o any_o neglect_n in_o themselves_o for_o the_o archbishop_n die_v in_o the_o service_n and_o its_o thought_n that_o grief_n for_o these_o matter_n be_v no_o little_a cause_n thereof_o but_o the_o time_n within_o a_o while_n grow_v troublesome_a brit._n antiq._n brit._n and_o the_o king_n in_o pursuit_n of_o the_o french_a war_n be_v unadvised_a in_o in_o his_o way_n anger_v the_o people_n by_o his_o arbitrary_a levy_n of_o man_n and_o money_n cleri_fw-la articuli_fw-la cleri_fw-la as_o it_o bring_v forth_o a_o state_n scowl_v little_a inferior_a to_o a_o quarrel_n and_o to_o pacify_v the_o clergy_n he_o grant_v they_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr consultatione_n habenda_fw-la in_o all_o matrimonial_a and_o testamentary_a case_n i._n stat._n the_o consul_n that_fw-mi 24._o e._n i._n which_o be_v of_o their_o least_o doubt_a privilege_n and_o this_o qualify_v the_o first_o article_n of_o complaint_n next_o forego_v if_o such_o cause_n they_o have_v of_o complaint_n and_o this_o be_v all_o that_o the_o clergy_n get_v at_o edward_n the_o fir_v hand_n edward_n the_o second_o be_v a_o man_n that_o be_v neither_o well_o affect_v to_o rome_n nor_o weak_a in_o spirit_n and_o yet_o so_o unhappy_a that_o his_o way_n neither_o promise_v good_a success_n nor_o ever_o have_v it_o and_o so_o he_o become_v a_o servant_n unto_o the_o humour_n of_o his_o servant_n to_o keep_v his_o head_n above_o water_n but_o especial_o after_o he_o be_v chase_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o quite_o out_o of_o breath_n he_o call_v for_o help_v of_o all_o but_o first_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o bespeak_v they_o with_o the_o ordinance_n of_o articuli_fw-la cleri_fw-la wherein_o he_o give_v some_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o complaint_n former_o mention_v which_o it_o seem_v by_o baronius_n be_v exhibit_v in_o parliament_n ecclesiastical_a cognisance_n extend_v unto_o tithe_n oblation_n 1._o cap._n 1._o and_o mortuary_n and_o to_o pecuniary_a recompense_n in_o the_o first_o time_n neglect_v or_o denial_n of_o church-duty_n be_v punish_v in_o the_o king_n court_n by_o fine_a afterward_o the_o bishop_n be_v join_v in_o that_o work_n 6._o ll._n alfred_n c._n 9_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 6._o and_o the_o tythable_a good_n be_v seize_v eight_o part_n whereof_o be_v take_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o bishop_n use_v by_o moity_n a_o nine_o part_n leave_v to_o the_o owner_n and_o the_o ten_o to_o the_o church_n 8._o ll._n canut_n c._n 8._o nor_o have_v the_o bishop_n any_o peculiar_a court_n of_o cognisance_n of_o cause_n till_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_n nor_o as_o yet_o in_o those_o time_n have_v they_o power_n to_o all_o intent_n for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o roman_a tribute_n of_o peter-pence_n be_v allow_v by_o the_o conqueror_n law_n to_o the_o bishop_n court_n 180._o ll._n gul._n 20._o cap._n spicileg_n 180._o yet_o we_o find_v no_o law_n for_o tithe_n and_o other_o profit_n to_o be_v recover_v by_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n till_o about_o the_o end_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o reign_n or_o king_n stevens_n time_n for_o at_o a_o council_n at_o london_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n it_o be_v ordain_v that_o three_o summons_n in_o the_o pope_n name_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o such_o as_o pay_v not_o their_o tithe_n 1173._o binius_fw-la tom._n 7_o foe_n 661._o a_o 1173._o and_o in_o case_n they_o then_o refuse_v they_o shall_v be_v anathema_n and_o after_o that_o time_n in_o a_o council_n at_o oxford_n under_o steven_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o the_o laity_n shall_v be_v entreat_v first_o to_o pay_v their_o tithe_n 19_o baronius_n annal._n 1222._o cap._n 19_o and_o then_o if_o necessity_n require_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v compel_v by_o ecclesiastical_a censure_n so_o as_o their_o power_n creep_v up_o by_o degree_n in_o recover_v of_o church-duty_n as_o it_o do_v in_o testamentary_a matter_n and_o at_o length_n henry_n the_o three_o wear_v and_o spend_v with_o the_o baron_n war_n about_o his_o latter_a end_n yield_v to_o boniface_n the_o archbishop_n his_o importunate_a demand_n and_o first_o give_v liberty_n to_o the_o clergy_n to_o be_v their_o own_o judge_n and_o yet_o the_o lay_v judge_n although_o divers_a of_o they_o be_v clergy_n man_n do_v not_o sudden_o forbear_v till_o this_o law_n come_v which_o give_v some_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o first_o and_o four_o article_n of_o complaint_n forego_v ecclesiastical_a cognisance_n extend_v not_o to_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o tithe_n of_o any_o live_n 2._o cap._n 2._o nor_o to_o pecuniary_a mulct_n for_o sin_n save_v by_o way_n of_o commutation_n the_o complaint_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n be_v against_o the_o king_n prohibition_n in_o case_n of_o tithe_n indefinite_o for_o in_o those_o time_n &_o afterward_o in_o edw._n the_o fir_v time_n the_o king_n court_n have_v the_o cognisance_n of_o all_o tithe_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o westm_n 2._o c._n 5._o the_o writ_n of_o indicavit_fw-la be_v allow_v in_o case_n of_o right_n of_o any_o portion_n of_o tithe_n yet_o the_o church_n still_o gain_v ground_n and_o about_o or_o before_o the_o death_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o the_o temporal_a judge_n have_v yield_v unto_o the_o clergy_n the_o cognisance_n of_o a_o portion_n of_o tithe_n under_o the_o value_n of_o the_o four_o part_n 1._o artic._n 1._o for_o in_o the_o article_n next_o forego_v the_o clergy_n complaint_n be_v that_o the_o king_n justice_n hold_v cognisance_n of_o the_o four_o part_n &_o here_o they_o be_v confine_v thereto_o by_o this_o law_n which_o the_o clergy_n can_v never_o remove_v for_o violence_n do_v to_o clerk_n the_o offender_n shall_v render_v damage_n in_o the_o king_n court_n but_o excommunication_n 3._o cap._n 3._o penance_n and_o commutation_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o bishop_n court_n the_o canon_n law_n have_v a_o ancient_a claim_n to_o the_o protection_n of_o clerk_n both_o as_o touch_v their_o person_n and_o estate_n and_o prevail_v so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v thereby_o embolden_v to_o offer_v violence_n unto_o other_o but_o as_o i_o former_o show_v by_o a_o law_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n the_o temporal_a judge_n resume_v his_o original_a power_n and_o this_o become_v a_o sore_a evil_n between_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n for_o though_o it_o be_v allow_v that_o clerk_n shall_v not_o be_v sue_v but_o before_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n in_o such_o case_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o warrant_n for_o the_o laity_n likewise_o to_o be_v call_v before_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n in_o such_o case_n and_o therefore_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n show_v that_o the_o matter_n be_v doubtful_a and_o that_o the_o lay_v judge_n general_o maintain_v his_o jurisdiction_n although_o sometime_o he_o disclaim_v it_o as_o it_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o trespass_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o riot_n commit_v upon_o the_o priory_n of_o st_n john_n of_o jerusalem_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o when_o as_o it_o be_v adjudge_v per_fw-la curiam_fw-la that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n to_o punish_v 30_o fi_n harb_n 7_o hen._n 3._o prohibition_n 30_o but_o
the_o king_n high_a way_n or_o open_a street_n but_o by_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o special_a writ_n because_o distress_n be_v incident_a to_o service_n and_o that_o be_v due_a as_o from_o the_o fee_n and_o therefore_o by_o common_a right_n the_o same_o must_v be_v recover_v from_o the_o fee_n and_o such_o as_o owe_v service_n in_o the_o same_o but_o the_o high_a way_n or_o open_a street_n be_v more_o proper_o a_o franchise_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n although_o the_o soil_n haply_o may_v be_v the_o lord_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o old_a law_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v under_o the_o king_n safeguard_n inae_fw-la ll._n inae_fw-la sit_fw-la pax_fw-la publica_fw-la per_fw-la commune_v vias_fw-la and_o no_o violence_n must_v be_v there_o tolerate_v but_o by_o the_o king_n especial_a writ_n which_o presuppose_v the_o especial_a notice_n take_v by_o the_o king_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o occasion_n a_o moderation_n also_o must_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o take_n of_o the_o distress_n for_o it_o must_v not_o be_v excessive_a and_o also_o in_o keep_v thereof_o for_o if_o the_o owner_n will_v he_o may_v replevy_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a course_n 12._o marlb_n cap_n 21._o glanvil_n lib._n 12_o cap._n 12._o and_o the_o sheriff_n must_v grant_v replevy_n if_o it_o be_v demand_v although_o former_o no_o replevy_n be_v without_o special_a writ_n and_o yet_o they_o also_o not_o always_o ready_o obey_v for_o the_o time_n be_v such_o as_o the_o lord_n be_v bold_a with_o the_o king_n court_n and_o minister_n and_o refuse_v the_o order_n of_o the_o law_n now_o in_o such_o case_n wherein_o the_o matter_n concern_v contempt_n of_o the_o king_n authority_n a_o fine_a be_v set_v upon_o the_o offender_n but_o in_o case_n it_o concern_v only_o a_o tort_n do_v to_o the_o party_n he_o be_v amerce_v the_o one_o be_v call_v redemption_n because_o the_o penalty_n otherwise_o must_v lie_v upon_o the_o person_n 3._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 3._o if_o it_o be_v not_o redeem_v by_o pecuniary_a fine_a the_o other_o be_v call_v amercement_n which_o be_v original_o a_o satisfaction_n unto_o the_o party_n wrong_v by_o recompense_n out_o of_o the_o personal_a estate_n of_o the_o delinquent_n 12._o distric_n scac._n artic._n mag_z cart_n cap._n 12._o three_o as_o touch_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o distress_n it_o must_v not_o be_v of_o plough_n beast_n or_o sheep_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o damage_n fesant_n if_o other_o distress_n may_v be_v have_v for_o the_o law_n have_v a_o care_n of_o such_o cattle_n as_o be_v most_o of_o public_a concernment_n and_o which_o be_v the_o main_a stock_n of_o subsistence_n so_o far_o as_o justice_n will_v allow_v and_o therefore_o the_o unjust_a take_n of_o any_o man_n cat-tail_n by_o any_o person_n whatsoever_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o penalty_n that_o unjust_a distress_n be_v 16._o west_n 1._o cap._n 16._o four_o concern_v the_o use_n of_o the_o distress_n it_o must_v not_o be_v sell_v no_o not_o in_o the_o king_n case_n till_o fifteen_o day_n be_v pass_v after_o it_o be_v take_v scac._n marlbr_n cap._n 4._o distric_n scac._n nor_o must_v it_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o county_n but_o it_o must_v be_v so_o impound_v as_o the_o owner_n may_v come_v to_o feed_v it_o and_o it_o must_v be_v discharge_v if_o the_o owner_n give_v security_n of_o satisfaction_n before_o the_o return_n of_o the_o writ_n 12._o artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 12._o five_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o distress_n must_v be_v that_o which_o be_v just_a and_o therefore_o not_o for_o other_o suit_n then_o by_o the_o feoffment_n be_v due_a or_o else_o by_o prescription_n and_o in_o case_n many_o be_v joint_o seize_v 9_o marlbr_n cap._n 9_o the_o suit_n shall_v be_v by_o one_o and_o the_o rest_n shall_v contribute_v 22._o cap._n 22._o nor_o must_v any_o man_n be_v compel_v to_o show_v his_o title_n to_o his_o land_n by_o distress_n 13._o cap._n 13._o the_o common_a plea_n shall_v be_v hold_v in_o one_o certain_a place_n the_o office_n of_o judge_n of_o the_o common-plea_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n distinct_a and_o several_a from_o that_o of_o the_o crown_n plea_n nor_o though_o one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n may_v execute_v both_o authority_n do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o power_n as_o if_o be_v judge_n he_o have_v thereby_o power_n in_o all_o matter_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n and_o also_o of_o the_o crown_n for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o bracton_n say_v the_o king_n have_v one_o proper_a court_n wherein_o be_v the_o chief_a judge_n nostri_fw-la capitale_n just_a nostri_fw-la which_o both_o by_o his_o own_o testimony_n and_o briton_n also_o do_v hear_v and_o determine_v cause_n of_o all_o sort_n yet_o be_v it_o true_a also_o that_o it_o be_v by_o appeal_n or_o writ_n of_o error_n as_o in_o case_n of_o false_a judgement_n and_o that_o the_o king_n have_v plures_fw-la curias_fw-la 20._o marblr_n cap._n 20._o which_o doubtless_o have_v their_o proper_a work_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o its_o clear_a that_o six_o be_v especial_o assign_v for_o the_o common_a plea_n throughout_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o yet_o by_o another_o especial_a commission_n or_o letter_n patent_n the_o same_o man_n may_v also_o have_v power_n to_o determine_v matter_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o at_o this_o day_n in_o their_o several_a circuit_n this_o law_n therefore_o do_v not_o as_o i_o conceive_v work_v any_o alteration_n but_o only_o in_o this_o that_o whereas_o former_o the_o judge_n of_o common_a plea_n attend_v on_o the_o king_n court_n continual_o as_o all_o other_o judge_n do_v and_o whither_o the_o king_n remove_v they_o do_v the_o like_a which_o be_v a_o great_a uncertainty_n and_o grievance_n unto_o the_o commons_o henceforth_o they_o be_v fix_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n and_o mortdancester_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o the_o proper_a county_n only_o 14._o cap._n 14._o and_o by_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a send_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o chief_a justice_n the_o law_n be_v so_o declare_v in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n and_o be_v questionless_a put_v in_o practice_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o with_o convenience_n to_o the_o judge_n may_v be_v but_o now_o the_o convenience_n of_o the_o people_n be_v prefer_v and_o they_o must_v not_o be_v bring_v up_o to_o the_o king_n court_n but_o the_o justice_n must_v come_v down_o to_o they_o and_o yet_o in_o case_n of_o difficulty_n the_o bench_n where_o the_o common_a plea_n be_v hold_v must_v determine_v the_o matter_n and_o where_o the_o time_n in_o the_o iter_fw-la in_o one_o county_n be_v too_o scant_o the_o remanet_n shall_v be_v adjourn_v over_o to_o be_v try_v elsewhere_o in_o that_o circuit_n which_o show_v that_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a have_v their_o time_n proportion_v out_o to_o every_o county_n these_o trial_n also_o be_v so_o favour_v 51._o westm_n cap._n 51._o as_o in_o the_o then_o holy_a time_n of_o advent_n and_o septuagesima_fw-la or_o lent_n they_o may_v be_v try_v which_o although_o be_v gain_v by_o prayer_n make_v by_o the_o king_n to_o the_o bishop_n as_o the_o word_n of_o that_o law_n be_v conclude_v yet_o it_o show_v that_o the_o parliament_n have_v so_o much_o light_n as_o to_o hold_v the_o time_n not_o inherent_o holy_a but_o mere_o sequester_v by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o plaintiff_n also_o in_o mortdancester_n may_v be_v divers_a if_o there_o be_v divers_a heir_n of_o one_o ancester_n by_o one_o title_n 6._o stat._n gloc._n ca._n 6._o and_o if_o there_o be_v joyntenant_n and_o the_o writ_n be_v against_o but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o plead_v 1_o conjanct_n feofat_fw-mi an._n 34._o e._n 1._o stat._n gloc_n ca._n 1_o the_o writ_n shall_v abate_v but_o if_o joyntenancy_n be_v plead_v and_o the_o plea_n be_v false_a the_o defendant_n shall_v be_v fine_v and_o imprison_v and_o if_o in_o the_o action_n the_o verdict_n be_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n he_o shall_v recover_v damage_n 15._o cap._n 15._o darraine_a presentment_n shall_v be_v take_v only_o in_o the_o common_a bank_n trial_n in_o the_o common_a bank_n or_o other_o court_n at_o westminster_n have_v ever_o have_v a_o honourable_a esteem_n above_o those_o in_o the_o county_n by_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la although_o all_o be_v equal_o available_a this_o may_v be_v one_o cause_n why_o the_o title_n of_o church_n be_v still_o retain_v at_o the_o common_a bank_n when_o as_o all_o other_o ride_v circuit_n for_o that_o church_n affair_n in_o those_o time_n be_v of_o high_a regard_n speed_v of_o trial_n also_o be_v not_o little_o regard_v herein_o for_o justice_n by_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la proper_o be_v but_o for_o inquiry_n till_o the_o statute_n at_o westm_n the_o second_o make_v they_o of_o oyer_n
shall_v be_v trouble_v with_o every_o such_o occasion_n and_o therefore_o the_o give_v of_o advice_n to_o william_n the_o conqueror_n what_o course_n he_o shall_v take_v to_o settle_v the_o law_n of_o england_n according_a to_o the_o instance_n in_o council_n hold_v a_o 1060._o and_o 1070._o and_o to_o gain_v favour_n of_o the_o great_a man_n according_a to_o that_o in_o a_o 1106._o and_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o endowment_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o battle_n as_o in_o pag_n 25._o of_o the_o opponent_n discourse_n and_o what_o to_o do_v upon_o the_o read_n of_o the_o pope_n letter_n according_a to_o that_o in_o a_o 1114._o and_o whether_o the_o pope_n legate_n shall_v be_v admit_v as_o in_o pag._n 18._o and_o how_o king_n steven_n and_o henry_n shall_v come_v to_o agreement_n as_o a_o 1153._o and_o how_o to_o execute_v law_n by_o judge_n and_o justice_n itinerant_a as_o a_o 1176._o and_o touch_v the_o manner_n of_o ingage_a for_o a_o voyage_n by_o croisado_n to_o jerusalem_n a_o 1189._o and_o to_o give_v answer_n to_o ambassador_n of_o a_o foreign_a prince_n pag._n 25._o and_o how_o king_n john_n shall_v conclude_v peace_n with_o the_o pope_n a_o 1213._o where_o nevertheless_o math._n paris_n say_v 23._o pag._n 23._o be_v turba_n multa_fw-la nimis_fw-la i_o say_v all_o these_o may_v well_o be_v do_v by_o a_o council_n of_o lord_n and_o not_o in_o any_o posture_n of_o a_o parliament_n albeit_o that_o in_o none_o of_o all_o these_o do_v any_o thing_n appear_v but_o that_o the_o commons_o may_v be_v present_a in_o every_o one_o or_o many_o of_o they_o all_o second_o as_o touch_v judicature_n the_o lord_n have_v much_o power_n therein_o even_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n have_v better_a opportunite_v for_o knowledge_n and_o learning_n especial_o join_v with_o the_o clergy_n than_o the_o commons_o in_o those_o time_n of_o deep_a darkness_n wherein_o even_o the_o clergy_n want_v not_o their_o share_n as_o in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o discourse_n i_o have_v already_o observe_v whatsoever_o then_o may_v be_v do_v by_o judge_n in_o ordinary_a court_n of_o judicature_n be_v inferior_a to_o the_o regard_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o the_o plea_n between_o the_o archbishop_n and_o aethelstan_n concern_v land_n instance_a a_o 1070._o and_o between_o lanfranke_n and_o odo_n a_o 1071._o and_o between_o the_o king_n and_o anselme_n pag_n 15_o 16._o and_o the_o determine_n of_o treason_n of_o john_n afterward_o king_n against_o his_o lord_n and_o king_n richard_n pag_n 23._o and_o the_o difference_n concern_v the_o title_n of_o a_o barony_n between_o mowbray_n and_o scotvile_n pag_n 25._o and_o give_v of_o security_n of_o good_a behaviour_n by_o william_n brawse_v to_o king_n john_n pag._n 26._o all_o these_o may_v well_o be_v determine_v only_o before_o the_o lord_n and_o yet_o the_o parliament_n may_v be_v then_o sit_v or_o not_o sit_v as_o the_o contrary_a to_o either_o do_v not_o appear_v and_o therefore_o can_v these_o form_n no_o demonstrative_a ground_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o parliament_n consist_v in_o those_o time_n only_o of_o such_o as_o we_o now_o call_v the_o house_n of_o lord_n a_o three_o work_n whereby_o the_o opponent_n will_v prove_v the_o parliament_n to_o consist_v only_o of_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n be_v because_o he_o find_v many_o thing_n by_o they_o conclude_v touch_v the_o solemnisation_n and_o the_o settle_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o king_n both_o which_o he_o say_v be_v do_v by_o the_o lord_n in_o parliament_n or_o those_o of_o that_o house_n and_o i_o shall_v crave_v leave_n to_o conclude_v the_o contrary_a for_o neither_o be_v the_o election_n or_o solemnisation_n of_o such_o election_n a_o proper_a work_n of_o the_o parliament_n according_a to_o the_o opponent_n principle_n nor_o can_v they_o prove_v such_o convention_n wherein_o they_o be_v to_o be_v parliament_n not_o the_o election_n of_o king_n for_o than_o may_v a_o parliament_n be_v without_o a_o king_n and_o therefore_o that_o instance_n concern_v william_n rufus_n page_n 16._o will_v fail_v or_o the_o opponent_n principle_n who_o will_v have_v no_o parliament_n without_o a_o king_n the_o like_a may_v also_o be_v say_v of_o the_o instance_n concern_v king_n steven_n page_n 18._o much_o less_o can_v the_o solemnisation_n of_o the_o election_n by_o coronation_n be_v a_o proper_a work_n for_o the_o parliament_n nevertheless_o the_o opponent_n do_v well_o know_v that_o both_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n and_o the_o solemnisation_n of_o such_o election_n by_o coronation_n be_v spiritless_a motion_n without_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o people_n and_o therefore_o though_o his_o instance_n page_n 17._o concern_v the_o election_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o by_o the_o bishop_n and_o prince_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v restrictive_a as_o to_o they_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o such_o in_o fact_n if_o matthew_n paris_n may_v be_v believe_v honor._n mr._n selden'_v title_n of_o honor._n who_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o conventus_fw-la omnium_fw-la be_v clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la universus_fw-la and_o may_v have_v be_v note_v by_o the_o opponent_n out_o of_o that_o learned_a antiquary_n so_o often_o by_o he_o cite_v if_o he_o have_v please_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o such_o matter_n a_o four_o sort_n of_o instance_n concern_v matter_n ecclesiastical_a and_o make_v of_o canon_n and_o hereof_o enough_o have_v be_v already_o say_v that_o such_o work_n be_v absolute_o challenge_v by_o the_o church-mote_n as_o their_o proper_a work_n and_o therefore_o the_o instance_n page_n 16_o 17._o of_o the_o council_n in_o henry_n the_o fir_v time_n and_o the_o canon_n make_v by_o the_o bishop_n there_o and_o that_o other_o call_v by_o theobald_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o instance_a by_o the_o opponent_n page_n 19_o i_o say_v both_o these_o do_v fail_v in_o the_o conclusion_n propound_v five_o as_o touch_v the_o most_o proper_a work_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v the_o make_n of_o law_n concern_v the_o liberty_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o people_n the_o opponent_n produce_v not_o one_o instance_n concern_v the_o same_o which_o do_v not_o conclude_v contrary_a to_o his_o proposal_n for_o as_o touch_v those_o two_o instance_n in_o his_o thirteen_o page_n anno_fw-la 1060._o they_o concern_v not_o the_o make_n of_o law_n but_o the_o revive_n of_o such_o as_o have_v be_v difuse_v former_o which_o may_v well_o enough_o be_v do_v by_o private_a council_n but_o as_o to_o that_o in_o his_o fifteen_o page_n of_o the_o law_n make_v by_o the_o conqueror_n concern_v remigius_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o we_o find_v not_o the_o particular_a title_n of_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n yet_o beside_o the_o council_n of_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbat_n and_o prince_n we_o find_v the_o common_a council_n for_o so_o the_o word_n be_v communi_fw-la concilio_n &_o concilio_n archiepiscopus_fw-la episcopus_fw-la abatus_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la principum_fw-la although_o the_o opponent_n will_v seem_v to_o wave_v these_o word_n et_fw-la concilio_n but_o put_v they_o in_o a_o small_a character_n and_o the_o rest_n in_o a_o voluminous_a letter_n that_o the_o reader_n eye_n may_v be_v fill_v with_o they_o and_o overlook_v the_o other_o second_o as_o to_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o council_n at_o clarindon_n in_o his_o nineteenth_o page_n which_o he_o cit_v out_o of_o matthew_n paris_n matthew_z westminster_z and_o hoveden_n although_o he_o please_v to_o mention_v the_o several_a rank_n of_o great_a man_n and_o those_o in_o black_a letter_n of_o a_o great_a size_n and_o say_v that_o not_o one_o commoner_n appear_v yet_o master_n selden'_v hoveden_n in_o that_o very_a place_n 703._o tit._n honour_n pag._n 703._o so_o often_o by_o the_o opponent_n cite_v tell_v he_o that_o both_o clerus_fw-la and_o populus_fw-la be_v there_o three_o the_o opponent_n cit_v a_o instance_n of_o law_n make_v by_o richard_n the_o first_o in_o his_o twenty_o four_o page_n and_o he_o set_v down_o the_o several_a rank_n of_o great_a man_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n ingenious_o mention_v milites_fw-la but_o it_o be_v with_o a_o gloss_n of_o his_o own_o that_o they_o be_v baron_n that_o be_v make_v knight_n when_o as_o former_o baron_n be_v mention_v in_o the_o general_a and_o therefore_o how_o proper_a this_o gloss_n be_v let_v other_o judge_n especial_o see_v that_o not_o only_a milites_fw-la and_o milites_fw-la gregorij_fw-la but_o even_o ministri_fw-la be_v present_a in_o such_o convention_n even_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o master_n selden_n in_o the_o former_a know_a place_n mention_v a_o observation_n that_o 703._o tit._n honour_n pag._n 703._o vniversi_fw-la personae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la sicut_fw-la ceteri_fw-la barones_n debent_fw-la interest_n judicijs_fw-la curiae_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la cum_fw-la baronibus_fw-la four_o he_o cit_v in_o his_o twenty_o five_o page_n
a_o sufficient_a seal_n to_o all_o weight_n and_o measure_n which_o they_o commit_v to_o some_o clerk_n who_o they_o trust_v and_o at_o this_o day_n though_o a_o lay-person_n bear_v title_n of_o clerk_n of_o the_o market_n and_o although_o ancient_o they_o may_v not_o interest_n secularibus_fw-la yet_o afterward_o it_o become_v a_o part_n of_o their_o office_n to_o assist_v judge_n in_o secular_a cause_n to_o see_v that_o justice_n be_v not_o wrong_v and_o have_v the_o sole_a cognisance_n of_o all_o cause_n criminal_a belong_v to_o the_o clergy_n their_o tenant_n or_o servant_n and_o in_o their_o synod_n their_o power_n reach_v to_o such_o crime_n of_o layman_n as_o come_v within_o the_o savour_n of_o the_o canon_n though_o it_o be_v but_o in_o the_o cold_a send_v as_o the_o law_n of_o athelstane_n and_o other_o his_o successor_n sufficien_o set_v forth_o and_o thus_o dress_v up_o let_v they_o stand_v aside_o that_o room_n may_v be_v make_v for_o their_o train_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o saxon_a presbyter_n these_o follow_v their_o lord_n the_o bishop_n as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v hunt_v 576._o council_n brit._n p._n 576._o for_o be_v of_o the_o same_o order_n as_o the_o less_o proud_a time_n acknowledge_v they_o will_v not_o be_v under_o foot_n and_o the_o other_o above_o the_o top_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o bishop_n load_v they_o with_o canon_n and_o keep_v they_o under_o by_o hard_a work_n under_o the_o trick_n of_o canonical_a obedience_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o part_n of_o their_o meaning_n to_o suffer_v they_o to_o become_v vile_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o laity_n for_o they_o know_v well_o enough_o that_o the_o presbyter_n must_v be_v their_o bridle_n to_o lead_v and_o curb_v the_o people_n and_o their_o eye_n to_o see_v whether_o the_o wind_n from_o below_o blow_v fair_a or_o foul_a for_o they_o who_o conscience_n already_o tell_v they_o that_o they_o merit_v not_o much_o favour_n from_o the_o people_n they_o see_v it_o therefore_o necessary_a to_o enhance_v the_o price_n of_o a_o presbyter_n somewhat_o within_o the_o alloy_n of_o a_o bishop_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o presbytery_n may_v not_o be_v too_o like_o the_o babylonian_a image_n who_o head_n be_v gold_n and_o foot_n of_o iron_n and_o day_n a_o presbyter_n therefore_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v of_o equal_a repute_n with_o a_o baron_n 9_o council_n brit._n p._n 448._o will_v ethelst_n 13._o ibid._n 406._o council_n brir_fw-fr p._n 273._o l._n aethel_n c._n 2._o ll._n canut_n c._n 12._o mag._n cent_n 8._o cap._n 9_o and_o his_o person_n shall_v be_v in_o repute_n so_o sacred_a as_o that_o all_o wrong_n do_v thereunto_o must_v be_v double_o punish_v with_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o party_n and_o to_o the_o church_n his_o credit_n or_o fame_n must_v not_o be_v touch_v by_o lay-testimony_n nor_o be_v he_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o any_o secular_a power_n but_o to_o be_v honour_v as_o a_o angel_n such_o be_v these_o instrument_n of_o the_o bishop_n government_n and_o these_o be_v put_v as_o a_o glass_n between_o the_o bishop_n and_o people_n and_o can_v represent_v the_o people_n to_o the_o bishop_n black_a or_o white_a and_o the_o bishop_n to_o they_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o they_o please_v and_o so_o under_o fear_n of_o the_o bishop_n curse_v keep_v the_o people_n in_o awe_n to_o themselves_o and_o it_o chap._n x._o of_o other_o inferior_a church-officer_n among_o the_o saxon_n they_o have_v other_o inferior_a degree_n of_o the_o clergy_n which_o because_o they_o be_v mere_o subservient_fw-fr and_o not_o considerable_a in_o church-government_n i_o shall_v only_o touch_v upon_o they_o the_o first_o be_v call_v deacon_n deacon_n deacon_n which_o be_v attend_v upon_o the_o presbyter_n to_o bring_v the_o offering_n to_o the_o altar_n to_o read_v the_o gospel_n to_o baptize_v and_o administer_v the_o lord_n supper_n then_o follow_v the_o subdeacons_n who_o use_v to_o attend_v the_o deacon_n with_o consecrate_a vessel_n deacon_n sub._n deacon_n and_o other_o necessary_n for_o the_o administer_a of_o the_o sacrament_n acolites_n acolites_n next_o these_o acolites_n which_o wait_v with_o the_o taper_n ready_a light_v while_o the_o gospel_n be_v read_v and_o the_o sacrament_n consecrate_v then_o exorcist_n exorcist_n exorcist_n that_o serve_v to_o dispossess_v such_o as_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o devil_n a_o office_n as_o it_o may_v seem_v of_o little_a use_n lecturer_n council_n brit._n p._n 54._o lecturer_n yet_o very_o ancient_a for_o they_o be_v find_v at_o the_o synod_n at_o arles_n which_o be_v within_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o christ_n death_n lecturer_n come_v next_o who_o serve_v to_o read_v and_o expound_v and_o these_o be_v of_o use_n when_o church_n begin_v to_o multiply_v and_o presbyter_n grow_v idle_a last_o ostiaries_n ostiaries_n ostiaries_n which_o use_v to_o ring_v the_o bell_n and_o open_a and_o shut_v the_o church-doore_n these_o be_v the_o several_a rank_n of_o church-officer_n be_v seven_o in_o number_n for_o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n make_v but_o one_o and_o may_v be_v as_o thus_o order_v the_o seven_o head_n of_o the_o beast_n whereon_o the_o woman_n sit_v 750._o council_n brit._n 261._o an._n 750._o and_o with_o much_o ado_n make_v up_o a_o kind_n of_o church-service_n somewhat_o like_o a_o great_a hoe_n in_o a_o ship-yard_n at_o the_o stir_n of_o a_o little_a log_n and_o be_v nevertheless_o well_o pay_v for_o their_o labour_n chap._n xi_o of_o churchmen_n maintenance_n among_o the_o saxon_n i_o take_v no_o notice_n in_o this_o account_n of_o the_o abbat_n and_o prior_n &_o other_o such_o religious_a man_n as_o they_o be_v then_o call_v nor_o can_v i_o pass_v they_o among_o the_o number_n of_o church-governors_n or_o officer_n be_v no_o other_o than_o as_o a_o sixth_o finger_n or_o a_o excrescence_n that_o the_o body_n may_v well_o spare_v and_o yet_o they_o suck_v up_o much_o of_o the_o blood_n and_o spirit_n thereof_o but_o as_o touch_v the_o maintenance_n of_o those_o former_o mention_v who_o have_v a_o constant_a influence_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o public_a worship_n of_o god_n and_o regard_n of_o the_o salvation_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o people_n i_o say_v their_o maintenance_n be_v diverse_o raise_v and_o as_o diverse_o employ_v first_o through_o the_o bounty_n of_o king_n and_o great_a man_n land_n and_o manor_n be_v bestow_v upon_o the_o metropolitan_a and_o bishop_n in_o free_a alm_n and_o from_o these_o arise_v the_o maintenance_n that_o ascend_v up_o in_o abundance_n to_o the_o high_a region_n of_o the_o clergy_n but_o come_v again_o in_o thin_a dew_n scarce_o enough_o to_o keep_v the_o husbandman_n hope_n from_o despair_n otherwise_o have_v not_o the_o prelate_n so_o soon_o mount_v up_o into_o the_o chair_n of_o pomp_n and_o state_n as_o they_o do_v i_o say_v these_o be_v give_v in_o free_a alm_n or_o more_o plain_o as_o alm_n free_a from_o all_o service_n and_o this_o be_v doubtless_o soon_o think_v upon_o for_o it_o be_v former_o in_o precedent_n with_o their_o heathenish_a priest_n and_o druid_n as_o caesar_n note_v 6._o com._n 6._o that_o they_o have_v omninm_fw-la rerum_fw-la immunitatem_fw-la yet_o with_o the_o exception_n of_o work_n of_o public_a charity_n and_o safety_n such_o as_o be_v maintain_v of_o high_a way_n repair_v of_o bridge_n and_o fortify_v of_o castle_n etc._n etc._n and_o hereof_o the_o precedent_n be_v numerous_a the_o work_n whereto_o this_o wage_n be_v appoint_v be_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n and_o increase_v of_o religion_n and_o thus_o not_o only_o many_o of_o the_o king_n subject_n be_v exempt_v from_o public_a service_n but_o much_o of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o kingdom_n former_o employ_v for_o the_o public_a safety_n become_v acquit_v from_o the_o service_n of_o the_o field_n to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o bead_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n much_o impair_v and_o the_o subject_n much_o grieve_v who_o in_o those_o early_a time_n see_v the_o inconvenience_n abb._n m._n paris_n in_o vit_fw-mi eadrick_n abb._n and_o complain_v thereof_o to_o their_o king_n but_o can_v not_o prevail_v this_o be_v the_o vintage_n of_o king_n and_o great_a man_n but_o the_o glean_n of_o the_o people_n be_v much_o more_o plentiful_a for_o beside_o the_o court_n which_o swell_v as_o the_o irregularity_n of_o those_o time_n increase_v and_o thereby_o enrich_v the_o coffer_n of_o that_o covetous_a generation_n 31._o an._n 1009._o council_n brit._n 523._o ll._n aetheld_a 31._o the_o great_a part_n whereof_o aught_o by_o the_o canon_n to_o go_v to_o the_o public_a the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o settle_a maintenance_n especial_o of_o the_o inferior_a degree_n arise_v from_o the_o good_a affection_n of_o the_o people_n who_o be_v either_o forward_a to_o offer_v or_o easy_o persuade_v to_o forgo_v constant_a supply_n for_o the_o churchman_n out_o
they_o have_v usurp_v in_o their_o synod_n which_o they_o hold_v only_o for_o church-visitation_n which_o they_o can_v never_o have_v because_o the_o sapientes_fw-la regni_fw-la have_v their_o vote_n therein_o as_o free_o as_o they_o nor_o can_v the_o prelate_n by_o any_o law_n entitle_v themselves_o to_o such_o power_n or_o privilege_n so_o contrary_a to_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o wtttagenmote_a for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o german_a priest_n have_v a_o liberty_n to_o be_v present_a in_o these_o grand_a assembly_n and_o to_o have_v some_o presidency_n therein_o as_o to_o command_v silence_n etc._n etc._n yet_o it_o be_v no_o title_n to_o these_o tacitus_n tacitus_n unless_o they_o will_v interest_n themselves_o as_o their_o successor_n to_o possess_v by_o a_o jus_o divinum_fw-la that_o jus_o diabolicum_fw-la which_o those_o priest_n former_o have_v in_o a_o way_n of_o immediate_a providence_n somewhat_o like_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o mantle_n of_o eliah_n find_v by_o elisha_n they_o may_v i_o grant_v plead_v the_o title_n from_o king_n but_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v also_o that_o king_n as_o yet_o have_v no_o more_o power_n over_o the_o church_n then_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n nor_o can_v they_o have_v that_o from_o the_o lord_n which_o the_o lord_n never_o have_v but_o be_v ever_o account_v among_o the_o majora_fw-la and_o of_o which_o the_o wittagenmot_n have_v the_o only_a cognisance_n as_o it_o will_v appear_v in_o some_o particular_n ensue_v unto_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o clergy_n must_v be_v add_v as_o i_o say_v the_o freeman_n to_o make_v up_o the_o micklemote_a complete_a and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o no_o monument_n of_o story_n speak_v of_o this_o grand_a meeting_n from_o their_o be_v in_o germany_n until_o after_o the_o come_n of_o austin_n yet_o when_o as_o the_o saxon_a history_n than_o find_v they_o in_o the_o same_o condition_n that_o the_o german_a story_n leave_v they_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o in_o the_o interval_n they_o continue_v their_o wont_a custom_n although_o they_o have_v no_o learning_n to_o leave_v monument_n thereof_o unto_o the_o world_n and_o hereof_o the_o example_n be_v not_o rare_a in_o those_o remembrance_n that_o those_o ancient_a time_n have_v leave_v we_o for_o within_o six_o year_n after_o augustine_n arrival_n aethelbert_n call_v a_o common-council_n tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_fw-la 53._o council_n brit._n 126._o ll._n sax._n lamb._n cantab._n foe_n 1._o ibid._n foe_o 22._o ibid._n foe_o 53._o ina_n after_o he_o make_v law_n suasu_fw-la &_o instituto_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la omnium_fw-la senatorum_fw-la &_o natu_fw-la majorum_fw-la sapientum_fw-la populi_fw-la in_fw-la magna_fw-la servorum_fw-la dei_fw-la frequentia_fw-la alfred_n after_o he_o reform_v the_o former_a law_n consulto_fw-la sapientum_fw-la after_o he_o aethelsian_n call_v a_o council_n in_o which_o be_v the_o archbishop_n and_o with_o he_o the_o optimates_fw-la &_o sapientes_fw-la frequentissimi_fw-la beside_o other_o whereof_o i_o shall_v treat_v now_o that_o i_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n handle_v in_o this_o court_n the_o matter_n in_o agitation_n in_o the_o wittagenmot_n general_o be_v all_o both_o of_o public_a and_o private_a concernment_n that_o which_o concern_v the_o public_a be_v such_o as_o regard_v removal_n of_o inconvenience_n such_o as_o be_v law_n for_o league_n and_o affinity_n with_o other_o nation_n for_o prevent_v of_o war_n and_o thus_o become_v the_o saxon_n and_o briton_n unite_v 36._o council_n brit._n p._n 219._o ll._n lamb._n cantabr_n foe_fw-mi 36._o and_o the_o mortal_a feud_n between_o those_o two_o nation_n lay_v aside_o and_o they_o make_v one_o and_o the_o saxon_n and_o dane_n reconcile_v by_o a_o covenant_n agree_v unto_o and_o swear_v between_o both_o nation_n the_o like_a also_o may_v be_v say_v of_o their_o make_n of_o war_n of_o defence_n against_o foreign_a invasion_n matter_n of_o public_a and_o general_a charge_n also_o be_v debate_v and_o conclude_v in_o that_o assembly_n as_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n 139._o ll._n edw._n lamb._n cam._n foe_n 139._o it_o be_v say_v they_o be_v grant_v rege_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la such_o also_o as_o concern_v the_o church_n for_o so_o edwin_n the_o king_n of_o northumberland_n upon_o his_o marriage_n with_o a_o christian_a lady_n be_v importune_v to_o renounce_v his_o paganism_n answer_v he_o will_v so_o do_v 51._o antiq._n brit._n p._n 51._o if_o that_o his_o queen_n religion_n shall_v be_v account_v more_o holy_a and_o honourable_a to_o god_n by_o the_o wise_a man_n and_o prince_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o all_o the_o church_n law_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n be_v make_v in_o the_o miklemote_a monastery_n be_v by_o their_o general_a consent_n dedicate_v 321._o council_n brit._n 127._o ibid._n 321._o &_o their_o possession_n confirm_v the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n make_v the_o metropolitan_a matter_n also_o of_o private_a regard_n be_v there_o proceed_v upon_o as_o not_o only_o general_a grievance_n but_o pervert_v of_o justice_n in_o case_n of_o private_a person_n as_o in_o that_o council_n call_v synodale_n concilium_fw-la under_o beornulfus_fw-la the_o mercian_n king_n 332._o ibid._n 332._o quaesitum_fw-la est_fw-la quomodo_fw-la quis_fw-la cum_fw-la justicia_fw-la sit_fw-la tractatus_fw-la seu_fw-la quis_fw-la injust_a sit_fw-la spoliatus_fw-la the_o name_n of_o which_o council_n call_v synodall_n mind_v i_o to_o intimate_v that_o which_o i_o have_v often_o endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o but_o yet_o can_v viz._n that_o there_o be_v any_o difference_n between_o the_o general_a synod_n and_o the_o wittagenmot_n unless_o mere_o in_o the_o first_o occasion_n of_o the_o summons_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o credit_n to_o be_v allow_v to_o that_o book_n call_v 3._o cap._n 1._o sec._n 3._o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n it_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o grand_a assembly_n be_v to_o confer_v of_o the_o government_n of_o god_n people_n how_o they_o may_v be_v keep_v from_o sin_n live_v in_o quiet_a and_o have_v right_o do_v they_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o law_n and_o more_o especial_o of_o wrong_n do_v by_o the_o king_n 2._o sec._n 2._o queen_n or_o their_o child_n for_o that_o the_o king_n may_v not_o by_o himself_o or_o justice_n determine_v cause_n wherein_o himself_o be_v actor_n 11._o cap._n 4._o sec._n 11._o and_o to_o sum_n up_o all_o it_o seem_v a_o court_n make_v to_o rise_v and_o stoop_v according_a to_o occasion_n the_o manner_n of_o debate_n be_v conclude_v by_o vote_n and_o the_o sum_n take_v in_o the_o gross_a by_o noise_n lacedem_fw-la tacitus_n plut._n lycurg_n thucyd._n lib._n 1._o de_fw-la lacedem_fw-la like_v to_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o determine_v what_o be_v propound_v clamoro_fw-la non_fw-la calculis_fw-la yet_o when_o the_o noise_n be_v doubtful_a they_o take_v the_o vote_n several_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o saxon_n at_o this_o assembly_n in_o the_o first_o time_n be_v certain_a tacitus_n tacitus_n viz._n at_o the_o new_a and_o full_a moon_n but_o religion_n change_v other_o thing_n change_v these_o time_n to_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n pentecost_n and_o the_o nativity_n at_o which_o time_n they_o use_v to_o present_v themselves_o before_o the_o king_n at_o his_o court_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o person_n and_o to_o consult_v and_o provide_v for_o the_o affair_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o at_o such_o time_n king_n use_v to_o make_v show_n of_o themselves_o in_o their_o great_a pomp_n crown_v with_o their_o royal_a crown_n this_o custom_n continue_v till_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o 1158._o an._n 1158._o who_o at_o worcester_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o the_o nativity_n offer_v his_o crown_n upon_o the_o altar_n and_o so_o the_o ceremony_n cease_v this_o grand_a assembly_n thus_o constitute_v be_v hold_v sacred_a and_o all_o the_o member_n or_o that_o have_v occasion_n therein_o be_v under_o the_o public_a faith_n both_o in_o go_v and_o come_v unless_o the_o party_n be_v fur_n probatus_fw-la if_o a_o member_n be_v wrong_v the_o delinquent_n pay_v double_a damage_n and_o fine_a to_o the_o king_n by_o a_o law_n make_v by_o aethelbert_n above_o a_o thousand_o year_n ago_o 35_o council_n brit._n p._n 127._o ll._n canut_n p._n 2._o cap._n 79._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 35_o this_o privilege_n of_o safe_a pass_n be_v thus_o ancient_a and_o fundamental_a and_o not_o by_o any_o law_n take_v away_o rest_v still_o in_o force_n but_o how_o far_o it_o belong_v to_o such_o as_o be_v no_o member_n and_o have_v affair_n nevertheless_o depend_v on_o that_o court_n i_o be_o not_o able_a to_o determine_v yet_o it_o seem_v that_o privilege_n outreach_v member_n unless_o we_o shall_v conceit_v so_o wide_a that_o the_o state_n do_v suppose_v that_o a_o member_n may_v be_v a_o notorious_a and_o know_a thief_n last_o this_o assembly_n though_o it_o be_v call_v the_o wittagenmot_n or_o the_o meeting_n of_o wise_a man_n yet_o all_o that_o will_v come_v may_v be_v
15._o nor_o out_o of_o the_o county_n without_o allowance_n of_o the_o sheriff_n or_o other_o governor_n of_o the_o same_o and_o if_o any_o controversy_n arise_v between_o the_o pledge_n the_o chief_a pledge_n by_o they_o choose_v call_v also_o the_o dean_n or_o headburrough_n may_v determine_v the_o same_o 20._o ll._n edw._n c_o 20._o but_o this_o hold_v only_o in_o matter_n of_o light_a consequence_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o francheses_n and_o first_o of_o the_o church_n franche_n we_o have_v hitherto_o tread_v in_o the_o ride_v way_n of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o commonweal_n but_o private_a regard_n have_v make_v by-path_n which_o we_o must_v trace_v or_o else_o the_o footstep_n in_o many_o particular_n will_v remain_v unknown_a these_o be_v call_v exemption_n but_o more_o ordinary_o francheses_n from_o which_o scarce_o any_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n remain_v free_a and_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v eithet_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o place_n or_o person_n in_o the_o late_a i_o intend_v that_o of_o the_o churchman_n who_o person_n and_o estate_n in_o many_o particular_n be_v exempt_v from_o the_o civil_a power_n of_o this_o kingdom_n their_o person_n devote_v to_o a_o peculiar_a work_n they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v under_o a_o peculiar_a law_n call_v the_o canon_n law_n which_o at_o the_o first_o extend_v only_o to_o their_o own_o person_n and_o that_o only_a pro_fw-la reformatione_fw-la morum_fw-la 258._o council_n brit._n p._n 258._o for_o so_o a_o archbishop_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o do_v teach_v quomodo_fw-la canonici_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la regulares_fw-la clerici_fw-la vivere_fw-la debent_fw-la but_o when_o it_o grow_v to_o its_o full_a charge_n it_o give_v a_o loud_a report_n quicunque_fw-la aliquid_fw-la tenuerit_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o fundo_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la mansionem_fw-la habuerit_fw-la extra_fw-la curiam_fw-la ecclesiasticam_fw-la non_fw-la placitabit_fw-la quamvis_fw-la foris_fw-la fecerit_fw-la conf._n ll._n edw._n conf._n and_o thus_o as_o church_n ground_n increase_v by_o the_o blind_a charity_n of_o those_o time_n so_o long_a churchman_n multiply_v and_o the_o canon_n enlarge_v from_o the_o person_n of_o reguler_o to_o all_o clergyman_n and_o from_o they_o to_o their_o tenant_n and_o neighbour_n from_o thence_o to_o certain_a spiritual_a or_o ecclesiastical_a crime_n or_o scandal_n wherever_o they_o be_v find_v and_o wherever_o it_o touch_v it_o take_v and_o bind_v by_o excommunication_n 7._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 7._o and_o upon_o significavit_fw-la being_n first_o deliver_v to_o satan_n they_o deliver_v he_o over_o to_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o law_n to_o be_v imprison_v if_o the_o offender_n be_v out_o of_o reach_n by_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o and_o one_o day_n he_o be_v outlaw_v so_o as_o there_o be_v no_o way_n leave_v to_o escape_v the_o church_n fury_n chap._n xxviii_o of_o the_o second_o franche_n call_v the_o march_n franchise_n of_o the_o place_n be_v such_o as_o be_v limit_v within_o precinct_n of_o place_n &_o annex_v thereto_o and_o of_o this_o sort_n first_o be_v those_o of_o the_o border_n of_o which_o those_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a that_o border_v the_o briton_n now_o call_v the_o march_n of_o wales_n in_o which_o be_v a_o peculiar_a government_n so_o far_o as_o concern_v administration_n of_o justice_n for_o otherwise_o the_o subject_n each_o of_o they_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o service_n of_o their_o own_o prince_n this_o be_v therefore_o a_o three_o different_z and_o mix_v government_n agree_v upon_o joint_o between_o the_o briton_n and_o saxon_n who_o after_o a_o long_a and_o burdensome_a war_n wherein_o both_o people_n be_v well_o weary_v by_o degree_n become_v friend_n enter_v traffic_n and_o into_o the_o strict_a society_n by_o marriage_n thus_o find_v the_o sweetness_n of_o peace_n they_o provide_v against_o future_a occasion_n of_o strife_n that_o may_v arise_v in_o commerce_n by_o the_o justle_n of_o two_o law_n together_o &_o agree_v in_o one_o law_n &_o upon_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o judge_n elect_v by_o common_a consent_n who_o be_v to_o see_v to_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o law_n as_o joint_a assessor_n from_o these_o as_o i_o conceive_v arise_v those_o which_o be_v now_o call_v the_o lord_n marcher_n 3._o ll._n aetheld_a cap._n 3._o and_o be_v at_o the_o first_o twelve_o in_o number_n viz._n six_o saxon_n and_o six_o briton_n it_o seem_v this_o form_n of_o government_n be_v first_o institute_v by_o aetheldred_n and_o by_o way_n of_o prescription_n or_o custom_n continue_v till_o this_o day_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o birth_n of_o truce_n so_o for_o the_o future_a become_v both_o mother_n and_o nurse_n of_o peace_n between_o those_o two_o people_n like_o the_o twilight_n between_o the_o day_n and_o night_n until_o both_o be_v bring_v under_o one_o head_n and_o by_o divine_a providence_n settle_v in_o a_o last_a day_n chap._n xxix_o of_o county_n palatine_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o francheses_n be_v these_o which_o be_v call_v county_n palatine_n which_o be_v certain_a parcel_n of_o the_o kingdom_n assign_v to_o some_o particular_a person_n and_o their_o successor_n with_o royal_a power_n therein_o to_o execute_v all_o law_n establish_v in_o nature_n of_o a_o province_n hold_v of_o the_o imperial_a crown_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n writ_n pass_v not_o within_o this_o precinct_n no_o more_o then_o in_o the_o march_n these_o be_v occasion_v from_o the_o courage_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o stout_o defend_v their_o liberty_n against_o the_o usurp_a power_n of_o those_o great_a king_n that_o endeavour_v to_o have_v the_o dominion_n over_o the_o who_o heptarchy_n and_o not_o be_v easy_o overcome_v be_v admit_v into_o composition_n of_o tributary_n and_o therefore_o be_v find_v very_o ancient_a for_o alfred_n put_v one_o of_o his_o judge_n to_o death_n for_o pass_a sentence_n upon_o a_o malefactor_n for_o a_o offence_n do_v in_o a_o place_n where_o the_o king_n writ_n pass_v not_o 1._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o and_o the_o same_o author_n recite_v another_o example_n of_o his_o justice_n against_o another_o of_o his_o judge_n for_o put_v one_o to_o death_n without_o precedent_n render_v the_o king_n reason_n for_o that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o commissioner_n ought_v to_o determine_v such_o case_n except_v those_o lord_n in_o who_o precinct_n the_o king_n writ_n pass_v not_o chap._n xxx_o of_o francheses_n of_o the_o person_n francheses_n of_o the_o person_n be_v such_o liberty_n annex_v unto_o the_o person_n as_o be_v not_o absolute_a lordship_n but_o only_o tend_v thereto_o and_o limit_v within_o a_o precinct_n but_o not_o annex_v thereto_o and_o these_o be_v matter_n of_o profit_n rather_o than_o power_n as_o those_o of_o bury_n st._n edmond_n doncaster_n dorchester_n circester_n all_o which_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n 5._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o and_o these_o or_o some_o of_o they_o have_v juridical_a power_n in_o case_n of_o felony_n and_o robbery_n arise_v within_o that_o precinct_n so_o as_o the_o delinquent_n be_v both_o inhabitant_n and_o take_v within_o the_o same_o this_o be_v call_v infangtheoff_n infangtheoff_n infangtheoff_n and_o if_o upon_o fresh_a pursuit_n make_v by_o the_o right_a owner_n or_o possessor_n the_o delinquent_n be_v take_v with_o the_o prey_n in_o his_o possession_n or_o as_o the_o old_a dialect_n be_v handhaben_n backbearend_a 26_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 26_o then_o be_v he_o carry_v immediate_o before_o the_o coroner_n of_o that_o liberty_n and_o the_o sakeber_n or_o party_n wrong_v make_v his_o proof_n by_o witness_n and_o thereupon_o judgement_n forthwith_o pass_v without_o answer_n and_o execution_n immediate_o ensue_v some_o liberty_n have_v outfangtheoff_n 15._o outfangtheoff_n bracton_n lib._n 3._o tract_n 2._o cap._n 35._o briton_n cap._n 15._o that_o be_v the_o trial_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o such_o delinquent_n be_v no_o inhabitant_n and_o yet_o take_v within_o the_o liberty_n or_o inhabitant_n and_o not_o take_v within_o the_o liberty_n but_o this_o trial_n be_v always_o by_o jury_n the_o antiquity_n of_o these_o liberty_n be_v not_o obscure_o manifest_v in_o their_o name_n and_o more_o clear_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n and_o act_n 21_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 21_o for_o it_o be_v observe_v of_o alfred_n that_o he_o seize_v a_o franche_n of_o infangtheoff_n because_o the_o lord_n of_o that_o franche_n will_v not_o send_v a_o fellow_n take_v within_o his_o liberty_n for_o a_o felony_n commit_v without_o the_o same_o to_o the_o gaol_n of_o the_o county_n 1._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o as_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v other_o liberty_n there_o be_v grant_v also_o by_o charter_n a_o taste_n whereof_o may_v be_v see_v in_o one_o grant_v make_v by_o king_n edgar_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o glastenbury_n wherein_o be_v grant_v sack_n hamsockne_v friderbrece_n forstel_n teme_n flemone_n ferdre_fw-fr hundred_o setene_n sock_n tholl_n adae_fw-la horda_fw-mi bufan_n orderan_n bene_n orderan_n the_o
meeting_n or_o concourse_n of_o people_n for_o the_o sale_n of_o such_o commodity_n as_o their_o neighbourhood_n will_v not_o take_v off_o their_o hand_n and_o thus_o the_o great_a town_n that_o have_v wall_n or_o castle_n become_v the_o great_a market_n and_o other_o less_o and_o this_o make_v the_o neighbourhood_n of_o those_o town_n to_o repair_v thither_o to_o buy_v as_o other_o to_o sell_v but_o time_n discover_v a_o double_a inconvenience_n herein_o viz._n that_o by_o these_o less_o public_a sale_n in_o small_a village_n where_o little_a or_o no_o care_n of_o right_n or_o justice_n be_v have_v and_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o word_n pagan_n become_v a_o word_n of_o reproach_n many_o man_n good_n by_o clandestine_v contract_n be_v lose_v and_o no_o care_n have_v of_o their_o recovery_n and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o public_a that_o the_o great_a town_n appoint_v for_o the_o strength_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n become_v ill_o provide_v with_o supply_n of_o victual_n either_o for_o the_o present_a or_o future_a and_o what_o be_v have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v get_v at_o the_o second_o hand_n and_o high_a rate_n than_o the_o country_n village_n have_v the_o wise_a man_n by_o public_a edict_n lay_v a_o restraint_n of_o market_n in_o small_a village_n and_o more_o private_a place_n and_o thus_o the_o great_a town_n have_v market_n former_o become_v more_o public_a market_n not_o by_o any_o new_a right_n or_o privilege_n from_o the_o crown_n for_o it_o neither_o have_v such_o power_n nor_o can_v have_v but_o upon_o usurpation_n against_o the_o common_a right_n of_o such_o town_n and_o place_n of_o public_a defence_n this_o restraint_n upon_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a be_v make_v first_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o their_o law_n but_o more_o clear_o declare_v and_o confirm_v afterward_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o norman_n which_o never_o give_v any_o new_a right_n of_o market_n overt_a unto_o those_o place_n of_o public_a defence_n but_o only_o do_v inhibit_v the_o same_o in_o the_o small_a village_n and_o private_a place_n in_o which_o respect_n although_o the_o king_n of_o this_o nation_n in_o future_a time_n take_v leave_v to_o abolish_v that_o restraint_n which_o do_v lie_v upon_o some_o of_o those_o more_o private_a place_n for_o certain_a reason_n of_o state_n and_o so_o these_o place_n become_v market_n overt_a which_o former_o be_v none_o yet_o can_v they_o never_o take_v away_o that_o privilege_n which_o nature_n itself_o cast_v upon_o those_o great_a town_n be_v the_o very_a limb_n of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o wrong_n do_v to_o common_a right_n and_o the_o public_a good_a nor_o abridge_v they_o of_o that_o power_n but_o that_o they_o may_v still_o use_v their_o liberty_n at_o time_n and_o place_n within_o their_o precinct_n as_o may_v best_o conduce_v with_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o place_n even_o as_o any_o particular_a free_a man_n may_v govern_v his_o own_o estate_n as_o he_o like_v best_o and_o thus_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n it_o be_v to_o be_v conclude_v that_o the_o ancient_a burrough_n of_o this_o kingdom_n proper_o do_v not_o hold_v their_o liberty_n of_o market_n overt_a by_o prescription_n or_o charter_n but_o by_o common_a right_n and_o not_o as_o a_o corporation_n make_v by_o charter_n but_o as_o they_o be_v a_o multitude_n of_o people_n ancient_o gather_v together_o and_o unite_a upon_o who_o the_o strength_n and_o wealth_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v or_o do_v former_o much_o more_o depend_v then_o on_o any_o of_o the_o small_a village_n &_o open_a town_n even_o as_o every_o free_a man_n possess_v and_o use_v his_o proper_a inheritance_n and_o estate_n without_o particular_a privilege_n derive_v from_o the_o crown_n nor_o can_v the_o king_n take_v away_o the_o liberty_n of_o market_n overt_a from_o such_o place_n more_o than_o he_o can_v take_v away_o the_o liberty_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v from_o any_o free_a man_n to_o who_o the_o law_n allow_v a_o liberty_n of_o ownership_n this_o i_o submit_v to_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o different_a opinion_n concern_v the_o same_o this_o liberty_n of_o township_n thus_o make_v and_o the_o place_n and_o people_n inhabitant_n thereof_o be_v of_o such_o consequence_n in_o the_o public_a administration_n have_v for_o their_o better_a support_n and_o safety_n liberty_n of_o fortification_n gloss_n ll._n edw._n cap._n 1._o ll._n aethelst_n cap._n 12._o ll._n aethelst_n cap._n 13._o gloss_n and_o power_n to_o charge_v one_o another_o with_o the_o maintenance_n of_o these_o fortification_n by_o a_o imposition_n call_v burghbote_n and_o hold_v their_o tenement_n under_o a_o rent_n to_o their_o lord_n or_o king_n call_v burgage_n as_o they_o be_v a_o body_n aggregate_v chap._n xxxiv_o of_o the_o forest_n beside_o other_o prerogative_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n they_o have_v also_o a_o franchise_n for_o wild_a beast_n for_o the_o chase_n which_o we_o common_o call_v forrest_n be_v a_o precinct_n of_o ground_n neither_o parcel_n of_o the_o county_n nor_o the_o diocese_n nor_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o rather_o appendant_a thereunto_o this_o savour_v of_o the_o old_a german_a sport_n but_o by_o custom_n turn_v from_o sport_n to_o earnest_n for_o although_o in_o the_o first_o time_n the_o saxon_n be_v so_o few_o and_o the_o country_n so_o spacious_a that_o they_o may_v allow_v the_o beast_n their_o farm_n as_o well_o as_o themselves_o their_o own_o people_n nevertheless_o so_o multiply_v as_o of_o necessity_n they_o must_v intercommon_a either_o with_o beast_n or_o fish_n the_o former_a whereof_o however_o more_o cleanly_a yet_o the_o latter_a have_v the_o sure_a footing_n and_o be_v choose_v as_o the_o least_o of_o two_o evil_n rather_o than_o for_o any_o likelihood_n of_o good_a neighbourhood_n for_o as_o nature_n teach_v beast_n to_o prey_n for_o themselves_o so_o man_n to_o defend_v their_o own_o and_o this_o breed_v such_o a_o feud_n between_o beast_n and_o man_n as_o that_o king_n doubt_v to_o loose_v their_o game_n take_v in_o with_o the_o weak_a that_o the_o world_n may_v see_v the_o happiness_n of_o england_n where_o beast_n enjoy_v their_o liberty_n as_o well_o as_o man_n but_o this_o be_v as_o it_o be_v by_o compromise_n for_o it_o have_v be_v very_o hard_o to_o have_v please_v the_o free_a man_n who_o have_v liberty_n of_o game_n within_o their_o own_o ground_n by_o common_a right_n 77_o ll._n canut_n c._n 77_o and_o to_o preserve_v the_o king_n liberty_n of_o forest_n coincident_a therewith_o have_v not_o the_o king_n employ_v on_o the_o one_o side_n the_o power_n of_o a_o dane_n that_o look_v somewhat_o like_o a_o conqueror_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o which_o look_v as_o like_v to_o the_o bounty_n of_o a_o king_n in_o allow_v liberty_n of_o ownership_n to_o man_n inhabit_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o forest_n which_o at_o the_o first_o be_v set_v apart_o only_o for_o the_o king_n pleasure_n and_o all_o his_o wit_n to_o make_v a_o law_n somewhat_o short_a of_o a_o full_a freedom_n and_o yet_o outreach_v that_o of_o bondage_n which_o we_o since_o have_v commend_v to_o posterity_n under_o the_o forest_n charter_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o it_o prove_v a_o hard_a matter_n for_o king_n to_o hunt_v by_o law_n and_o the_o law_n itself_o a_o yoke_n somewhat_o too_o heavy_a for_o a_o commonwealth_n to_o bear_v in_o old_a age_n if_o self_n deny_v majesty_n shall_v please_v to_o take_v it_o away_o chap._n xxxv_o concern_v judge_n in_o court_n of_o justice_n thus_o far_o of_o the_o several_a tribe_n and_o member_n of_o this_o commonweal_n which_o like_o so_o many_o conduit_n head_n derive_v the_o influence_n of_o government_n through_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o this_o island_n and_o in_o every_o of_o which_o judiciary_n power_n act_v itself_o in_o all_o cause_n arise_v within_o the_o verge_n of_o that_o precinct_n some_o of_o which_o have_v more_o extraordinary_a trial_n before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n of_o lord_n according_a as_o the_o party_n concern_v be_v of_o great_a degree_n or_o the_o cause_n of_o more_o public_a concernment_n example_n hereof_o be_v the_o case_n between_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o leoftin_n in_o aetheldreds_n time_n and_o between_o the_o two_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o durham_n in_o edward_n time_n but_o custom_n make_v this_o court_n stoop_v to_o small_a game_n in_o latter_a time_n and_o to_o reach_v at_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o county_n court_n by_o send_v the_o king_n writ_n to_o remove_v certain_a cause_n from_o the_o cognisance_n of_o those_o rural_a judicatories_n to_o their_o sublime_a determination_n 8._o glanvil_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 6_o 7_o 8._o and_o thus_o become_v the_o council_n of_o lord_n as_o a_o oracle_n to_o
people_n for_o he_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o make_v room_n for_o his_o rise_n true_a it_o be_v he_o have_v the_o good_a will_n of_o his_o father_n but_o he_o be_v dead_a and_o probable_o the_o people_n as_o little_a regard_v it_o as_o he_o do_v they_o nor_o be_v it_o ever_o observe_v that_o the_o english_a crown_n be_v of_o so_o light_a account_n as_o to_o pass_v by_o devise_n of_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n and_o therefore_o though_o it_o be_v design_v to_o he_o from_o his_o father_n yet_o both_o right_a and_o possession_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o people_n to_o determine_v and_o maintain_v the_o clergy_n first_o lead_v the_o way_n paris_n eadmer_n hist_o wigorn._n m._n paris_n have_v fist_n take_v a_o recognizance_n of_o he_o for_o his_o good_a behaviour_n towards_o they_o which_o he_o assure_v as_o far_o as_o large_a promise_n and_o protestation_n will_v serve_v the_o turn_n and_o within_o one_o year_n after_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o maintain_v possession_n against_o his_o brother_n robert_n he_o give_v they_o as_o good_a security_n as_o the_o clergy_n have_v which_o he_o keep_v in_o such_o manner_n that_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n that_o one_o of_o so_o small_a interest_n in_o the_o title_n but_o what_o he_o have_v by_o the_o people_n leave_n and_o favour_n shall_v rule_v in_o such_o manner_n and_o yet_o die_v a_o king_n the_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n be_v like_o a_o meteor_n that_o must_v be_v continual_o feed_v or_o it_o soon_o go_v out_o and_o fall_v for_o evident_a it_o be_v that_o the_o right_n of_o inheritance_n be_v his_o elder_a brother_n roberts_n who_o be_v the_o brave_a man_n and_o more_o experience_a soldier_n and_o upon_o these_o principle_n have_v obtain_v the_o love_n of_o the_o norman_a baron_n the_o flower_n of_o his_o father_n chivalry_n 1088._o m._n paris_n an._n 1088._o &_o the_o like_n of_o the_o clergy_n after_o they_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n the_o emptiness_n of_o their_o hope_n in_o his_o brother_n william_n and_o be_v every_o way_n so_o superior_a to_o his_o brother_n in_o advantage_n as_o we_o be_v leave_v to_o believe_v that_o william_n get_v the_o day_n without_o any_o other_o ground_n but_o only_o that_o god_n will_v so_o have_v it_o it_o be_v true_a the_o english_a stooke_v close_o to_o he_o but_o how_o they_o be_v gain_v or_o contain_v writer_n speak_v not_o but_o tell_v we_o of_o his_o promise_n which_o also_o they_o tell_v we_o be_v vain_a and_o never_o have_v issue_n further_o than_o will_v stand_v with_o his_o profit_n exit_fw-la william_n rufus_n first_o henry_n first_o and_o in_o come_v his_o young_a brother_n henry_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n a_o prince_n that_o excel_v in_o wisdom_n and_o by_o it_o rule_v his_o courage_n which_o serve_v he_o so_o far_o as_o his_o aim_n and_o end_v reach_v his_o title_n be_v no_o better_a than_o his_o father_n or_o brother_n but_o rather_o worse_a for_o he_o have_v no_o colour_n of_o last_o will_n to_o propound_v he_o to_o the_o people_n and_o his_o elder_a brother_n robert_n be_v still_o alive_a and_o by_o his_o service_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o war_n of_o jerusalem_n may_v merit_v that_o respect_n of_o the_o clergy_n as_o not_o to_o permit_v he_o to_o be_v a_o loose_a by_o so_o well_o deserve_a service_n as_o in_o those_o day_n that_o be_v account_v nevertheless_o the_o english_a look_n upon_o henry_n as_o the_o fit_a man_n for_o their_o turn_n be_v now_o at_o hand_n and_o robert_n at_o jerusalem_n and_o be_v a_o native_a bear_v in_o england_n civilise_a into_o the_o english_a garb_n by_o education_n and_o of_o a_o wise_a and_o fair_a demeanour_n and_o more_o incline_v to_o peaceable_a government_n which_o both_o norman_n and_o english_a much_o incline_v to_o as_o be_v weary_a of_o thirty_o year_n service_n in_o the_o war_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o marvellous_a if_o they_o apply_v themselves_o to_o he_o in_o a_o way_n of_o capitulation_n speed_n math._n paris_n 1100._o eadmer_n speed_n and_o less_o wonderful_a if_o he_o hearken_v thereunto_o and_o yet_o neither_o unadvised_o yield_v unto_o by_o he_o nor_o traitorous_o propound_v by_o they_o as_o some_o in_o zeal_n to_o monarchy_n conclude_v the_o point_n the_o worst_a of_o the_o whole_a matter_n rest_v in_o this_o that_o the_o king_n bind_v himself_o to_o be_v just_a that_o he_o may_v be_v great_a and_o the_o people_n to_o submit_v unto_o justice_n that_o they_o may_v be_v free_a like_v as_o their_o ancestor_n be_v and_o themselves_o by_o the_o law_n establish_v aught_o to_o be_v for_o that_o capitulation_n be_v in_o substance_n settle_v by_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o saxon_n mix_v with_o some_o addition_n of_o law_n make_v by_o the_o king_n father_n with_o the_o joint_a advice_n of_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n all_o which_o both_o the_o norman_a williams_n have_v often_o cofirm_v by_o solemn_a protestation_n and_o promise_n however_o their_o action_n upon_o sudden_a surprisal_n be_v malae_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la and_o exactiones_fw-la injustae_fw-la paris_n math._n paris_n by_o this_o king_n own_o acknowledgement_n thus_o these_o three_o norman_a king_n make_v their_o way_n to_o the_o throne_n the_o first_o by_o arm_n under_o colour_n of_o title_n the_o second_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o title_n under_o colour_n of_o arm_n and_o the_o last_o by_o favour_n but_o all_o enter_v the_o same_o by_o capitulation_n election_n and_o stipulation_n and_o for_o the_o general_n have_v some_o regard_n to_o suit_v their_o course_n in_o order_n of_o retain_v the_o good_a will_n of_o their_o people_n although_o in_o a_o different_a measure_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o occasion_n chap._n xlvi_o that_o the_o government_n of_o the_o norman_n proceed_v upon_o the_o saxon_a principle_n and_o first_o of_o parliament_n the_o principle_n which_o i_o mean_v be_v these_o first_o the_o legislative_a power_n and_o influence_n thereof_o upon_o the_o whole_a second_o the_o member_n of_o that_o government_n with_o their_o several_a motion_n three_o the_o law_n &_o custom_n or_o rule_n of_o those_o motion_n and_o first_o concern_v the_o legislative_a power_n although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o first_o williams_n great_a and_o most_o constant_a labour_n be_v to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v and_o have_v but_o little_a time_n or_o liberty_n to_o enjoy_v yet_o that_o time_n of_o rest_n which_o have_v he_o do_v apply_v it_o and_o himself_o in_o the_o settle_n of_o the_o law_n by_o advice_n of_o common-council_n i_o say_v not_o by_o advice_n of_o his_o own_o heart_n or_o two_o or_o three_o norman_a lord_n or_o of_o the_o norman_a nobility_n only_o as_o some_o man_n take_v the_o confidence_n to_o aver_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v eye-witness_n to_o the_o action_n of_o those_o day_n but_o by_o the_o joint_n advise_v of_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o wise_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n 5._o spicileg_n p._n 5._o i_o will_v not_o insist_v upon_o force_n of_o argument_n to_o show_v that_o common_a reason_n must_v of_o necessity_n sway_v the_o king_n into_o this_o course_n but_o shall_v reserve_v that_o to_o another_o place_n the_o testimony_n of_o writer_n must_v now_o serve_v the_o turn_n and_o herein_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o leichfield_n must_v have_v the_o first_o place_n which_o speak_v both_o of_o a_o council_n of_o lord_n and_o say_v that_o by_o their_o advice_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v summon_v a_o meeting_n of_o all_o the_o noble_n and_o wise_a man_n through_o all_o the_o county_n of_o england_n to_o set_v down_o their_o law_n and_o custom_n this_o be_v in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n or_o rather_o after_o his_o entry_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o kingdom_n be_v bring_v into_o any_o reasonable_a posture_n of_o quiet_a and_o which_o beside_o the_o intention_n of_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n according_a unto_o law_n do_v strong_o pretend_v that_o the_o parliament_n have_v the_o legislative_a power_n and_o right_n of_o cognisance_n and_o judicature_n in_o those_o law_n that_o concern_v the_o kingdom_n in_o general_a and_o for_o the_o particular_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o several_a place_n or_o precinct_n it_o be_v refer_v to_o a_o committee_n or_o jury_n in_o every_o county_n to_o set_v they_o forth_o upon_o oath_n second_o that_o this_o council_n have_v power_n to_o change_v law_n may_v likewise_o appear_v in_o that_o act_n make_v concern_v the_o introduction_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n 4._o spicil_n 167._o fox_n mart._n l._n 4._o which_o show_v not_o only_o the_o power_n of_o that_o council_n in_o church-matter_n but_o also_o that_o the_o canon_n be_v no_o further_o in_o force_n then_o the_o same_o will_v allow_v and_o this_o be_v also_o do_v by_o the_o common_a council_n and_o the_o council_n
law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o concern_v the_o county_n court_n which_o recite_v it_o as_o a_o custom_n in_o his_o time_n use_v 7._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 7._o that_o the_o bishop_n and_o earl_n with_o other_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o that_o county_n be_v there_o present_a as_o assistant_n in_o directory_n of_o judgement_n and_o that_o in_o order_n be_v handle_v first_o matter_n of_o the_o church_n second_o crown_n plea_n three_o and_o last_o common_a plea_n however_o therefore_o the_o king_n speak_v fair_a they_o either_o act_v not_o at_o all_o or_o so_o cooly_a as_o the_o current_n of_o the_o custom_n be_v too_o strong_a but_o most_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n speak_v fair_a till_o they_o be_v settle_v in_o their_o throne_n and_o afterward_o please_v themselves_o for_o by_o the_o general_a thread_n of_o story_n it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o clergy_n in_o those_o time_n be_v more_o fear_v then_o love_v and_o therefore_o riden_v with_o a_o straight_a rein_fw-mi the_o prelacy_n on_o the_o contrary_n grow_v unruly_a yet_o too_o weak_a for_o the_o rugged_a spirit_n of_o the_o norman_a king_n they_o be_v glad_a to_o be_v quiet_a and_o the_o pope_n himself_o to_o drive_v fair_a and_o soft_o as_o judge_v it_o expedient_a potestatem_fw-la regalem_fw-la mitius_fw-la tractandam_fw-la 9_o greg_n epist_n l._n 9_o and_o continue_v that_o course_n and_o posture_n till_o the_o calm_a time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o 95._o eadmer_n hist_o l._n 4_o p._n 95._o wherein_o they_o mend_v their_o pace_n and_o get_v that_o without_o noise_n which_o they_o have_v long_o strive_v for_o viz._n the_o preeminence_n and_o presidency_n in_o the_o synod_n though_o the_o king_n himself_o be_v present_a and_o if_o the_o historian_n write_v advise_o the_o whole_a ordain_v or_o legislative_a power_n for_o so_o run_v the_o stile_n or_o phrase_n of_o the_o author_n archiepiscopi_fw-la &_o episcopi_fw-la statuerunt_fw-la in_o praesentia_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o if_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o baron_n and_o people_n be_v but_o as_o a_o great_a amen_o at_o the_o common_a prayer_n after_o the_o old_a stamp_n to_o set_v a_o good_a colour_n upon_o a_o doubtful_a matter_n to_o make_v it_o go_v down_o the_o better_a how_o the_o king_n brook_v this_o draught_n i_o can_v say_v but_o it_o have_v make_v the_o kingdom_n stagger_v ever_o since_o and_o it_o may_v be_v fear_v will_v hardly_o recover_v its_o perfect_a wit_n so_o long_o as_o the_o brain_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o laity_n thus_o lie_v divide_v in_o several_a cels._n chap._n xlviii_o of_o the_o several_a subservient_fw-fr jurisdiction_n by_o province_n march_n county_n hundred_o burrough_n lordship_n and_o decennary_n have_v the_o norman_n own_v no_o other_o title_n then_o that_o of_o conquest_n doubtless_o their_o mother_n wit_n must_v needs_o have_v teach_v they_o the_o expediency_n of_o preserve_v the_o particular_a subservient_fw-fr jurisdiction_n of_o the_o kingdom_n entire_a and_o unquash_v if_o they_o regard_v either_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o conquest_n or_o reward_v of_o their_o partner_n and_o ally_n unless_o it_o shall_v be_v allow_v unto_o conquerous_a to_o be_v more_o honourable_a for_o they_o to_o do_v what_o they_o will_v rather_o than_o what_o be_v meet_v but_o hereof_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n of_o question_n in_o this_o present_a subject_n for_o nothing_o be_v more_o clear_a than_o that_o wales_n enjoy_v in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n and_o for_o age_n after_o he_o its_o ancient_a liberty_n tribute_n except_v nor_o do_v conquest_n ever_o come_v so_o nigh_o to_o their_o border_n as_o to_o trench_v upon_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o march_n for_o as_o it_o have_v be_v a_o piece_n of_o state_n nonsense_n to_o have_v hold_v two_o people_n under_o conquest_n and_o their_o march_n in_o freedom_n or_o to_o preserve_v they_o in_o good_a neighbourhood_n by_o march_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o conquest_n be_v make_v one_o so_o be_v it_o no_o less_o vain_a if_o all_o have_v be_v once_o subdue_v by_o conquest_n to_o have_v raise_v up_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o march_v any_o more_o and_o as_o they_o have_v less_o cause_n to_o have_v invade_v the_o bound_n and_o ancient_a limit_n and_o partition_n of_o the_o county_n court_n county_z court_n so_o questionless_a have_v they_o so_o do_v they_o will_v have_v take_v the_o old_a course_n of_o the_o micklemote_a 96._o eadmer_n hist_o l._n 4._o p._n 96._o as_o they_o do_v divide_v the_o diocese_n of_o lincoln_n into_o two_o diocese_n by_o advice_n of_o the_o bishop_n prince_n and_o other_o wise_a and_o holy_a man_n 6._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 6._o and_o turn_v the_o abbey_n of_o ely_n into_o a_o bishop_n see_n but_o it_o be_v their_o wisdom_n to_o preserve_v the_o ancient_a landmark_n and_o no_o less_o both_o wisdom_n and_o care_n to_o continue_v their_o due_a privilege_n and_o interest_n to_o each_o every_o county_n have_v its_o court_n 42._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 41._o &_o 42._o and_o every_o court_n its_o wont_a jurisdiction_n no_o complaint_n must_v be_v to_o the_o king_n court_n if_o right_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o county_n no_o distress_n must_v be_v take_v but_o by_o warrant_n from_o the_o county_n and_o that_o must_v be_v after_o complaint_n thrice_o make_v the_o county_n court_n must_v be_v call_v as_o our_o ancestor_n have_v appoint_v 64._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 64._o such_o as_o will_v not_o come_v as_o they_o ought_v shall_v be_v first_o summon_v and_o in_o case_n of_o default_n destrain_v at_o the_o four_o default_n the_o complainant_n shall_v be_v satisfy_v out_o of_o the_o distress_n so_o take_v and_o the_o king_n also_o for_o his_o fine_a these_o be_v the_o express_a law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n own_o establishment_n 64._o ibid._n c._n 64._o the_o last_o of_o which_o also_o be_v confirm_v by_o another_o express_a law_n save_v that_o he_o will_v allow_v but_o of_o two_o summons_n and_o two_o distress_n before_o execution_n and_o as_o it_o be_v one_o principal_a work_n that_o he_o undertake_v to_o reduce_v the_o law_n into_o course_n which_o have_v be_v intermit_v during_o the_o violent_a time_n of_o his_o father_n and_o brother_n the_o first_o of_o who_o never_o have_v liberty_n for_o reformation_n and_o the_o latter_a never_o have_v will_n so_o among_o other_o law_n he_o settle_v those_o concern_v the_o county_n court_n 7._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 7._o namely_o that_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o chief_a man_n shall_v be_v present_a for_o direction_n 2._o that_o it_o shall_v be_v hold_v once_o each_o month_n 3._o that_o the_o church_n matter_n shall_v precede_v and_o then_o the_o crown_n plea_n and_o last_o the_o common_a plea_n beside_o some_o other_o particular_n concern_v plead_v and_o proceed_n in_o the_o handle_n of_o cause_n neither_o be_v these_o cause_n of_o a_o petty_a regard_n only_o but_o of_o great_a concernment_n one_o example_n i_o shall_v remember_v the_o reader_n of_o 197._o epicil_n 197._o and_o not_o recite_v in_o terminis_fw-la but_o refer_v to_o mr_n selden_n own_o pen._n the_o occasion_n be_v this_o odo_n the_o conqueror_n half_a brother_n be_v by_o he_o make_v earl_n of_o kent_n and_o therewith_o have_v the_o gift_n of_o a_o large_a teritory_n in_o kent_n and_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o king_n displeasure_n at_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n stigand_n stigand_n possess_v himself_o by_o disseisin_n of_o divers_a land_n and_o tenement_n belong_v to_o that_o see_v lanfrank_n the_o succeed_a archbishop_n be_v inform_v hereof_o petition_v to_o the_o king_n that_o justice_n may_v be_v do_v he_o secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la and_o the_o king_n send_v forth_o his_o writ_n to_o summon_v a_o county_n court_n the_o debate_n last_v three_o day_n before_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o many_o chief_a man_n bishop_n and_o lord_n and_o other_o skilful_a in_o the_o law_n and_o the_o judgement_n pass_v for_o the_o archbishop_n lanfrank_n upon_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o free_a man_n this_o county_n court_n be_v hold_v by_o special_a summons_n and_o not_o by_o adjournment_n as_o be_v allowable_a by_o the_o saxon_a law_n upon_o special_a occasion_n and_o this_o suit_n be_v original_o begin_v and_o have_v its_o final_a determination_n in_o the_o county_n court_n and_o not_o bring_v by_o a_o tolt_n out_o of_o the_o hundred_o court_n as_o be_v suppose_v by_o a_o honourable_a reporter_n nor_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n can_v the_o suit_n commence_v in_o the_o hundred_o because_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n do_v lie_v in_o several_a hundred_o and_o county_n the_o upshot_n of_o all_o be_v that_o the_o county_n court_v in_o those_o day_n be_v of_o so_o great_a esteem_n that_o two_o of_o the_o great_a peer_n of_o the_o realm_n one_o a_o norman_a the_o other_o a_o italian_a do_v cast_v a_o title_n
rule_n for_o government_n i_o remember_v it_o be_v affirm_v by_o some_o of_o those_o ancient_a writer_n that_o the_o duke_n or_o king_n will_v have_v bring_v in_o the_o custom_n of_o norwey_n but_o the_o earnest_a mediation_n of_o the_o english_a prevail_v against_o it_o and_o it_o evince_v two_o thing_n to_o my_o opinion_n first_o that_o there_o be_v question_n make_v what_o law_n shall_v be_v establish_v second_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o interest_n that_o the_o norman_n have_v in_o the_o kingdom_n they_o can_v not_o prevail_v to_o bring_v in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o their_o law_n or_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o norwey_n which_o be_v not_o only_o the_o prima_fw-la materia_fw-la of_o their_o law_n but_o also_o in_o kind_n have_v a_o settle_n at_o that_o very_a time_n in_o those_o place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n where_o the_o dane_n have_v their_o principal_a seat_n and_o therefore_o not_o altogether_o strange_a to_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o the_o sum_n of_o which_o will_v be_v this_o that_o upon_o debate_v a_o law_n must_v be_v settle_v and_o that_o not_o the_o law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n own_o will_n nor_o the_o law_n that_o suit_v with_o his_o desire_n but_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o unquietness_n of_o some_o of_o the_o english_a bring_v the_o king_n to_o some_o thought_n of_o arbitrary_a rule_n and_o to_o shake_v off_o the_o clog_n of_o saxon_a law_n it_o be_v long_o ere_o it_o stir_v and_o spring_v up_o too_o late_a to_o raise_v the_o title_n of_o conquest_n and_o wither_v too_o soon_o to_o settle_v it_o as_o touch_v the_o change_n of_o custom_n for_o that_o also_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o conqueror_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o some_o alteration_n may_v be_v in_o matter_n of_o small_a consideration_n yet_o be_v the_o writer_n not_o without_o mistake_n in_o the_o particular_a instance_n for_o whereas_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o conqueror_n take_v away_o the_o custom_n of_o gavell_n kind_n and_o bring_v the_o custom_n of_o descent_n to_o the_o elder_a son_n and_o that_o kent_n save_v their_o liberty_n and_o continue_v this_o custom_n of_o gavell_n kind_n i_o shall_v not_o contend_v about_o the_o liberty_n of_o kent_n but_o must_v till_o i_o see_v better_a reason_n hold_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o change_n of_o inheritance_n to_o be_v a_o mere_a conceit_n for_o beside_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v concern_v that_o custom_n of_o gavell_n kind_n if_o we_o believe_v glanvile_n the_o difference_n be_v between_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n 3._o lib._n 7._o cap._n 3._o and_o in_o socage_n the_o first_o of_o which_o in_o his_o time_n by_o ancient_a custom_n always_o descend_v to_o the_o elder_a and_o those_o land_n that_o be_v hold_v in_o socage_n if_o not_o partible_a by_o custom_n in_o which_o case_n they_o go_v equal_o to_o all_o the_o son_n go_v by_o custom_n in_o some_o place_n to_o the_o elder_a in_o other_o place_n to_o the_o young_a so_o as_o the_o rule_n of_o inheritance_n in_o the_o norman_a time_n be_v custom_n as_o well_o as_o in_o former_a time_n and_o furthermore_o if_o the_o custom_n of_o gavell_n kind_n have_v be_v the_o general_a custom_n of_o this_o nation_n the_o king_n by_o his_o change_n have_v contradict_v his_o own_o prerogative_n and_o grant_v as_o great_a a_o liberty_n to_o his_o subject_n as_o can_v have_v be_v invent_v for_o have_v the_o custom_n of_o gavell_n kind_n happen_v upon_o the_o land_n in_o knight_n service_n it_o have_v bring_v all_o the_o son_n under_o the_o law_n of_o wardship_n and_o have_v make_v a_o ready_a way_n to_o enthral_v all_o man_n of_o worth_n and_o undo_v all_o husbandry_n the_o first_o whereof_o have_v be_v as_o advantageous_a to_o the_o king_n private_a interest_n as_o both_o destructive_a to_o the_o public_a nor_o be_v it_o clear_a from_o any_o author_n of_o credit_n that_o the_o norman_n change_v the_o tenor_n of_o land_n albeit_o that_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o such_o land_n as_o he_o have_v by_o forfeiture_n or_o otherwise_o be_v in_o his_o own_o power_n to_o dispose_v upon_o what_o tenure_n he_o please_v for_o as_o well_o before_o the_o norman_n time_n as_o long_o after_o tenor_n be_v like_a as_o the_o service_n be_v all_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o donor_n and_o be_v of_o as_o many_o individual_n almost_o as_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o owner_n some_o be_v of_o more_o general_a regard_n and_o public_a use_n littlet_n littlet_n be_v record_v among_o the_o ground_n of_o english_a law_n none_o of_o which_o appear_v to_o i_o to_o be_v of_o norman_a original_a although_o they_o receive_v their_o name_n according_a to_o that_o dialect_n the_o next_o thing_n object_v be_v the_o change_n of_o language_n which_o thing_n some_o writer_n tell_v we_o the_o king_n endeavour_v or_o which_o be_v worse_o to_o be_v so_o absolute_a as_o to_o be_v absolute_a tyrant_n and_o to_o publish_v law_n in_o a_o foreign_a language_n that_o the_o people_n through_o ignorance_n may_v the_o rather_o transgress_v and_o thereby_o forfeit_v their_o estate_n this_o if_o true_a so_o far_o differ_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o conqueror_n as_o rather_o prove_v that_o he_o be_v put_v to_o his_o shift_n nevertheless_o the_o thing_n taste_v so_o much_o of_o spleen_n as_o it_o may_v occasion_v distrust_n of_o other_o relation_n concern_v this_o subject_n for_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v nonsense_n for_o a_o conqueror_n to_o entitle_v himself_o by_o a_o cheat_n where_o he_o have_v a_o elder_a title_n by_o conquest_n i_o shall_v in_o full_a answer_n to_o that_o calumny_n insert_v a_o passage_n of_o a_o historian_n that_o be_v in_o the_o continual_a view_n of_o public_a affair_n in_o those_o time_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o conqueror_n say_v that_o he_o commend_v the_o confessor_n law_n to_o his_o justice_n in_o the_o same_o language_n wherein_o they_o be_v wont_v former_o to_o be_v write_v ingulfus_n ingulfus_n lest_o through_o ignorance_n the_o people_n may_v rash_o offend_v and_o another_o author_n say_v gulielm_n m._n paris_n fragm_n gulielm_n that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o desire_n to_o learn_v the_o english_a tongue_n that_o he_o may_v the_o better_o know_v their_o law_n and_o judge_v according_a thereto_o it_o be_v probable_a nevertheless_o that_o the_o law_n be_v in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o likely_a that_o the_o plead_n in_o real_a action_n especial_o be_v also_o in_o the_o same_o language_n else_o must_v the_o norman_n be_v put_v to_o school_v to_o learn_v english_a upon_o peril_n of_o loss_n of_o their_o estate_n but_o that_o either_o the_o write_a law_n be_v whole_o conclude_v into_o the_o norman_a tongue_n or_o that_o the_o public_a plead_n of_o cause_n by_o word_n of_o mouth_n in_o all_o action_n where_o the_o issue_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o country_n be_v in_o any_o other_o language_n than_o english_a no_o advise_a reader_n will_v conceive_v see_v it_o have_v be_v a_o madness_n for_o a_o english_a jury_n to_o pass_v their_o verdict_n in_o any_o case_n wherein_o its_o likely_a many_o of_o they_o understand_v scarce_o a_o syllable_n of_o the_o norman_a language_n much_o less_o ought_v of_o the_o matter_n upon_o which_o their_o verdict_n shall_v be_v ground_v add_v hereunto_o that_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a but_o the_o conqueror_n inhibit_v the_o use_n of_o the_o english_a language_n in_o all_o matter_n of_o public_a record_n in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o charter_n make_v by_o he_o to_o corporate_a town_n and_o franchise_n be_v sometime_o in_o the_o saxon_a more_o general_o in_o the_o latin_a but_o seldom_o or_o never_o in_o the_o norman_a dialect_n and_o that_o plead_n and_o indictment_n be_v enter_v in_o like_a manner_n in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n as_o former_o by_o a_o old_a custom_n bring_v in_o by_o the_o clergy_n be_v use_v for_o the_o clergy_n who_o have_v get_v the_o key_n of_o knowledge_n and_o law_n into_o their_o own_o custody_n lay_v it_o up_o in_o that_o language_n whereof_o the_o commons_o have_v little_a knowledge_n that_o they_o may_v thereby_o be_v enforce_v to_o depend_v upon_o these_o man_n for_o justice_n as_o well_o as_o for_o piety_n the_o norman_n therefore_o either_o find_v it_o too_o hard_a to_o alter_v the_o former_a custom_n in_o such_o case_n or_o else_o think_v it_o the_o wise_a way_n to_o choose_v the_o latin_a as_o a_o three_o language_n indifferent_a as_o well_o to_o the_o norman_n as_o saxon_n and_o best_a understand_v of_o any_o foreign_a tongue_n beside_o and_o yet_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v both_o people_n into_o one_o language_n as_o they_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v one_o people_n and_o to_o press_v the_o use_n of_o the_o norman_a tongue_n in_o public_a affair_n so_o far_o as_o may_v consist_v with_o good_a government_n and_o justice_n leave_v
in_o the_o law_n 2._o cap._n 2._o right_n of_o tithe_n of_o a_o lay_v fee_n or_o where_o the_o tenure_n be_v in_o question_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n court_n plea_n of_o debt_n by_o trothplight_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n court._n 3._o cap._n 3._o these_o be_v saxon_a law_n and_o do_v intimate_v that_o it_o be_v the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o get_v the_o sole_a cognisance_n of_o tithe_n because_o they_o be_v original_o their_o due_n and_o of_o the_o debt_n by_o trothplight_n because_o that_o oath_n seem_v to_o relate_v much_o to_o religion_n whereof_o they_o hold_v themselves_o the_o only_a professor_n the_o king_n justice_n shall_v reform_v errourr_n of_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o crime_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n 4._o cap._n 4._o appeal_v shall_v be_v from_o archdeacon_n court_n to_o the_o bishop_n court_n and_o thence_o to_o the_o archbishop_n court_n 5._o cap._n 5._o and_o thence_o to_o the_o king_n court_n and_o there_o the_o sentence_n to_o be_v final_a no_o man_n that_o ever_o be_v acquaint_v with_o antiquity_n will_v question_v that_o these_o be_v receive_v law_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n nor_o do_v the_o clergy_n ever_o quarrel_v they_o till_o the_o norman_n teach_v they_o by_o courtesy_n do_v to_o rome_n to_o expect_v more_o from_o king_n then_o for_o the_o present_a they_o will_v grant_v whereof_o see_v cap._n 47._o but_o king_n steven_n that_o be_v indebt_v to_o the_o clergy_n for_o his_o crown_n and_o can_v not_o otherwise_o content_v they_o part_v with_o this_o jewel_n of_o supreme_a power_n in_o cause_n ecclesiastical_a to_o the_o roman_a cognisance_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v but_o henry_n the_o second_o will_v none_o of_o this_o cheat_n at_o so_o easy_a a_o rate_n this_o strike_v so_o smart_a a_o blow_n as_o though_o the_o popedom_n have_v but_o new_o recover_v out_o of_o a_o paralitique_a schism_n yet_o see_v it_o so_o main_o concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o triple_a crown_n alexander_n the_o pope_n have_v late_o be_v blood_v against_o a_o brave_a emperor_n make_v the_o less_o difficulty_n to_o stickle_v with_o a_o valiant_a king_n who_o in_o conclusion_n be_v fain_o to_o yield_v up_o the_o buckler_n and_o let_v the_o pope_n hold_v what_o he_o have_v get_v notwithstanding_o against_o this_o law_n and_o all_o former_a law_n and_o custom_n and_o thus_o the_o pope_n supremacy_n in_o spiritual_a cause_n be_v secure_v both_o by_o a_o recovery_n and_o judgement_n by_o confession_n thereupon_o clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v vacance_n of_o church_n 6._o cap._n 6._o and_o power_n to_o elect_v by_o his_o secret_a council_n the_o party_n elect_v shall_v do_v homage_n salvo_fw-la ordine_fw-la and_o then_o shall_v be_v consecrate_v this_o certain_o be_v none_o of_o the_o best_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n not_o altogether_o against_o reason_n although_o not_o suitable_a to_o opinion_n of_o many_o yet_o we_o meet_v two_o alteration_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n first_o that_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v by_o the_o king_n and_o secret_a council_n whereas_o former_o the_o election_n of_o bishop_n and_o archbishop_n be_v of_o such_o public_a concernment_n as_o the_o parliament_n take_v cognisance_n thereof_o and_o that_o which_o be_v worse_a a_o council_n be_v hereby_o allow_v call_v a_o secret_a council_n which_o in_o effect_n be_v a_o council_n to_o serve_v the_o king_n private_a aim_n and_o unto_o this_o council_n power_n give_v in_o the_o order_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n without_o advice_n of_o the_o public_a council_n of_o lord_n which_o be_v the_o only_a council_n of_o state_n in_o former_a time_n and_o thus_o the_o public_a affair_n be_v make_v to_o correspond_v with_o the_o king_n private_a interest_n which_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o much_o irregularity_n in_o the_o government_n of_o this_o island_n ever_o since_o the_o second_o alteration_n rest_v in_o the_o salvo_fw-la which_o be_v a_o clause_n never_o former_o allow_v unless_o by_o practice_n in_o stevens_n time_n when_o as_o there_o be_v little_a regard_n of_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o nor_o do_v it_o concur_v with_o the_o file_n of_o story_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v insert_v within_o these_o constitution_n clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n see_v that_o writer_n agree_v it_o be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o quarrel_n between_o he_o and_o becket_n who_o refuse_v submission_n without_o the_o clause_n and_o at_o which_o the_o king_n stooke_v with_o the_o archbishop_n for_o the_o space_n of_o seven_o year_n which_o be_v six_o year_n after_o the_o constitution_n be_v consent_v unto_o and_o conclude_v upon_o 7._o cap._n 7._o no_o clergy_n man_n or_o other_o may_v depart_v the_o realm_n without_o the_o king_n licence_n it_o be_v a_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o must_v be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o no_o reason_n of_o state_n can_v allow_v dispensation_n therein_o especial_o in_o a_o doubtful_a government_n where_o the_o supremacy_n be_v in_o dispute_n and_o this_o the_o wilful_a archbishop_n never_o question_v till_o he_o question_v all_o authority_n but_o in_o order_n to_o his_o own_o for_o but_o the_o year_n before_o when_o he_o go_v to_o turonn_n to_o the_o general_a council_n upon_o summons_n paris_n m._n paris_n he_o first_o obtain_v licence_n from_o the_o king_n before_o he_o go_v no_o sentence_n of_o excommunication_n or_o interdiction_n to_o pass_v against_o the_o king_n tenant_n or_o any_o minister_n of_o state_n 8._o cap._n 8._o without_o licence_n first_o have_v of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o chief_a justice_n in_o the_o king_n absence_n till_o the_o conquest_n no_o excommunication_n pass_v without_o warrant_n of_o law_n make_v by_o the_o joint_a assembly_n of_o the_o laity_n and_o clergy_n but_o the_o conqueror_n have_v let_v loose_v the_o canon_n clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n and_o the_o clergy_n have_v get_v the_o upper_a hand_n in_o counsel_n make_v canon_n as_o they_o please_v and_o so_o the_o laity_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o voluntary_a power_n of_o the_o canon_n cap._n vid._n cap._n only_o as_o well_o the_o norman_n as_o until_o these_o time_n king_n have_v save_v their_o own_o associate_n from_o that_o sudden_a blow_n and_o upon_o reason_n of_o religious_a observance_n lest_o the_o king_n shall_v converse_v with_o excommunicate_a person_n ere_o he_o be_v aware_a the_o laity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v proceed_v against_o in_o ecclesiastical_a court_n 9_o cap._n 9_o but_o upon_o proof_n by_o witness_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o where_o no_o witness_n be_v the_o sheriff_n shall_v try_v the_o matter_n by_o jury_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o bishop_n a_o negative_a law_n that_o impli_v another_o course_n be_v use_v upon_o light_a fame_n or_o suspicion_n ex_fw-la officio_fw-la although_o the_o oath_n at_o that_o time_n be_v not_o bear_v into_o the_o world_n and_o that_o all_o this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o it_o intimate_v a_o ground_n of_o prohibition_n in_o all_o such_o case_n upon_o the_o common_a law_n which_o also_o be_v the_o ancient_a course_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n as_o have_v be_v former_o note_v excommunicate_v person_n shall_v be_v compel_v only_o to_o give_v pledge_n and_o not_o oath_n 10._o cap._n 10._o or_o bail_v to_o stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o church_n upon_o the_o take_n and_o imprison_v of_o the_o party_n excommunicate_a clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n the_o course_n ancient_o be_v it_o seem_v to_o give_v pledge_n to_o stand_v to_o order_n of_o this_o the_o bishop_n be_v weary_a soon_o as_o it_o seem_v and_o therefore_o wave_v it_o and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o other_o invention_n of_o their_o own_o viz._n to_o bind_v they_o by_o oath_n or_o bail_n both_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o law_n for_o no_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v administer_v but_o by_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o do_v it_o belong_v to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n to_o order_v oath_n or_o bail_n and_o therefore_o this_o law_n become_v a_o ground_n of_o prohibition_n in_o such_o case_n and_o of_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr cautione_n admittenda_fw-la 11._o cap._n 11._o person_n cite_v and_o make_v default_n may_v be_v interdict_v and_o the_o king_n officer_n shall_v compel_v he_o to_o obey_v if_o the_o king_n officer_n make_v default_n he_o shall_v be_v amerce_v and_o then_o the_o party_n interdict_v may_v be_v excommunicate_v so_o as_o the_o process_n in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n be_v to_o be_v regulate_v according_a to_o law_n nor_o do_v it_o lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o such_o court_n to_o order_v their_o own_o way_n or_o to_o scatter_v the_o censure_n of_o excommunication_n according_a to_o their_o own_o like_n this_o together_o with_o all_o those_o that_o forego_v the_o archbishop_n upon_o his_o repentance_n absolute_o
the_o clergyman_n then_o his_o richard_n be_v yet_o a_o great_a burden_n his_o reign_n be_v troublesome_a to_o he_o and_o he_o deserve_v it_o for_o from_o the_o begin_n thereof_o to_o the_o end_n can_v never_o the_o guilt_n of_o his_o disobedience_n to_o his_o father_n be_v blot_v out_o but_o it_o be_v more_o troublesome_a to_o the_o people_n because_o it_o cost_v so_o much_o treasure_n be_v manage_v by_o such_o ill_a governor_n except_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o be_v unsuccesfull_a in_o most_o of_o his_o undertake_n yet_o never_o invade_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o commons_o by_o any_o face_n of_o prerogative_n but_o what_o want_v in_o he_o be_v make_v complete_a and_o run_v over_o in_o his_o successor_n john_n who_o to_o speak_v in_o the_o most_o moderate_a sense_n of_o his_o government_n be_v give_v over_o to_o himself_o when_o he_o be_v not_o himself_o rob_v the_o lord_n of_o their_o authority_n bereave_v the_o church_n of_o its_o right_n tread_v under_o foot_n the_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n waste_v his_o own_o prerogative_n and_o have_v bring_v all_o thing_n into_o despair_n come_v a_o desperate_a cure_n the_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o to_o save_v the_o body_n and_o a_o precedent_n leave_v for_o they_o that_o listen_v to_o take_v it_o up_o in_o future_a age_n and_o thus_o that_o which_o steven_n give_v henry_n the_o second_o lose_v richard_n the_o first_o will_v not_o regain_v and_o john_n can_v not_o and_o so_o all_o be_v gainer_n but_o the_o crown_n chap._n lxi_o of_o judicature_n the_o court_n and_o their_o judge_n it_o be_v no_o silent_a argument_n that_o the_o commons_o gain_v where_o law_n grow_v into_o course_n and_o it_o be_v the_o lot_n of_o these_o troublesome_a time_n to_o lay_v a_o foundation_n of_o a_o constant_a government_n such_o as_o all_o man_n may_v learn_v which_o former_o be_v lay_v up_o only_o in_o the_o breast_n of_o wise_a experience_a man_n the_o two_o most_o considerable_a point_n in_o government_n be_v the_o law_n and_o the_o execution_n the_o latter_a be_v the_o life_n of_o the_o former_a and_o that_o of_o the_o commonweal_n i_o say_v not_o that_o the_o law_n be_v augment_v in_o the_o body_n of_o it_o or_o that_o the_o execution_n have_v a_o free_a course_n than_o in_o the_o best_a of_o the_o former_a time_n but_o both_o be_v more_o and_o more_o clear_v to_o the_o world_n in_o many_o particular_n as_o well_o touch_v matter_n concern_v practice_n of_o the_o law_n as_o touch_v rule_n of_o righteousness_n for_o the_o first_o whereof_o we_o be_v behold_v to_o glanvile_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n and_o for_o the_o latter_a to_o king_n john_n or_o rather_o the_o baron_n in_o his_o time_n in_o the_o publish_n of_o the_o grand_a charter_n or_o a_o enumeration_n of_o the_o liberty_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o people_n derive_v from_o the_o saxon_n revive_v continue_a and_o confirm_v by_o the_o norman_n and_o their_o successor_n which_o for_o the_o present_a i_o shall_v leave_v in_o lance_n dubio_fw-la to_o stand_v or_o fall_v till_o occasion_n shall_v be_v of_o clear_v the_o point_n in_o regard_n that_o king_n john_n soon_o repent_v of_o his_o oath_n the_o bond_n of_o his_o consent_n and_o to_o heal_v the_o wound_n get_v the_o pope_n pardon_n and_o blessing_n thereupon_o so_o easy_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o a_o son_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n to_o pass_v for_o a_o good_a catholic_a in_o a_o unrighteous_a way_n the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n be_v do_v in_o several_a court_n according_a to_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o affair_n whereof_o some_o concern_v matter_n of_o crime_n &_o penalty_n and_o this_o touch_v the_o king_n honour_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o person_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o subject_n and_o therefore_o be_v say_v to_o be_v contra_fw-la coronam_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o second_o sort_n concern_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o three_o concern_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o estate_n 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exchequer_n the_o particular_a time_n of_o these_o deputation_n appear_v not_o clear_o out_o of_o any_o monument_n of_o antiquity_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v clear_a to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v before_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n as_o well_o because_o henry_n the_o first_o have_v his_o judex_n fiscalis_fw-la 24._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c_o 24._o as_o glanvile_n so_o frequent_o touch_v upon_o the_o king_n court_n of_o plea_n which_o can_v be_v intend_v at_o the_o court_n of_o lord_n for_o that_o in_o those_o day_n be_v never_o summon_v but_o in_o time_n of_o parliament_n or_o some_o other_o special_a occasion_n but_o more_o principal_o because_o the_o historian_n speak_v of_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a recite_v some_o to_o be_v of_o the_o common_a plea_n hoveden_n hoveden_n which_o show_v that_o there_o be_v in_o those_o day_n a_o distinction_n of_o jurisdiction_n in_o judicature_n and_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v conceive_v that_o this_o distinction_n of_o judicature_n be_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o parliament_n after_o that_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o lord_n be_v lay_v aside_o by_o king_n and_o a_o privy_a council_n take_v up_o unto_o who_o can_v not_o regular_o belong_v any_o juridical_a power_n because_o that_o remain_v original_o in_o the_o grand_a assembly_n of_o the_o lord_n over_o these_o court_n or_o two_o of_o they_o one_o man_n have_v the_o prime_a title_n of_o chief_a justice_n who_o then_o be_v call_v lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o who_o office_n be_v much_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n lieutenant_n in_o all_o cause_n and_o place_n as_o well_o in_o war_n as_o peace_n and_o sometime_o be_v appoint_v to_o one_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o by_o reason_n thereof_o have_v the_o name_n only_o of_o that_o part_n and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o other_o part_n the_o greatness_n of_o this_o office_n be_v such_o as_o the_o man_n for_o necessity_n of_o state_n be_v continual_o resident_a at_o the_o court_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n court_n be_v much_o attend_v by_o all_o sort_n of_o person_n which_o prove_v in_o after_o time_n as_o grievous_a to_o the_o king_n as_o it_o be_v burdensome_a to_o the_o people_n other_o judge_n there_o be_v which_o be_v choose_v for_o their_o learning_n and_o experience_n most_o of_o they_o be_v of_o the_o clergy_n as_o be_v also_o the_o under_o officer_n of_o those_o court_n for_o those_o time_n be_v rome_n hour_n and_o the_o power_n of_o darkness_n other_o court_n also_o be_v in_o the_o country_n and_o be_v vicontiel_n or_o cours_n of_o sheriff_n and_o lord_n of_o hundred_o and_o corporation_n and_o lordship_n as_o former_o and_o these_o be_v settle_v in_o some_o place_n hoveden_n hoveden_n but_o other_o there_o be_v which_o werr_v itinerant_a over_o which_o certain_a judge_n preside_v which_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o lord_n and_o send_v by_o commission_n from_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o throughout_o the_o kingdom_n then_o divide_v into_o six_o circuit_n unto_o each_o of_o which_o be_v assign_v three_o justice_n so_o as_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o justice_n than_o be_v eighteen_o the_o office_n be_v before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o saxon_n over_o hither_o but_o the_o assignation_n be_v new_a as_o also_o be_v their_o oath_n for_o they_o be_v swear_v but_o the_o number_n continue_v not_o long_o for_o within_o four_o year_n the_o king_n redivide_v the_o land_n into_o four_o circuit_n and_o unto_o each_o circuit_n assign_v five_o justice_n make_v in_o the_o whole_a the_o number_n of_o twenty_o and_o one_o justice_n for_o the_o northern_a circuit_n have_v six_o justice_n which_o the_o king_n make_v justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n 445._o hoveden_n 337._o ibid._n 445._o neither_o yet_o do_v the_o first_o commission_n continue_v so_o long_o
this_o day_n hold_v the_o last_o in_o custom_n to_o all_o intent_n whatsoever_o the_o last_o branch_n provide_v the_o remedy_n to_o recover_v to_o the_o heir_n his_o possession_n in_o case_n it_o be_v detain_v either_o through_o doubtfulness_n of_o age_n of_o the_o heir_n or_o his_o title_n and_o it_o direct_v the_o issue_n to_o be_v try_v by_o twelve_o man_n this_o trial_n some_o have_v think_v to_o be_v of_o glanvil_n invention_n and_o it_o may_v well_o be_v that_o this_o trial_n of_o this_o matter_n as_o thus_o set_v down_o be_v direct_v by_o he_o yet_o he_o use_v often_o in_o his_o book_n the_o word_n solet_fw-la and_o in_o his_o preface_n say_v that_o he_o will_v set_v down_o frequentius_fw-la usitata_fw-la and_o its_o past_a question_n but_o that_o the_o trial_n by_o twelve_o man_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v one_o thing_n more_o yet_o remain_v concern_v the_o widow_n of_o the_o tenant_n who_o dower_n be_v not_o only_o provide_v for_o but_o her_o reasonable_a part_n of_o her_o husband_n personal_a estate_n the_o original_a hereof_o be_v from_o the_o norman_n and_o it_o be_v as_o popular_a as_o that_o of_o wardship_n be_v regal_a and_o so_o they_o make_v the_o english_a woman_n as_o sure_a to_o they_o as_o they_o be_v sure_a of_o their_o child_n the_o justice_n shall_v by_o assize_n try_v disseisin_n do_v since_o the_o king_n 10._o 10._o come_v over_o sea_n next_o after_o the_o peace_n make_v between_o he_o and_o his_o son_n this_o be_v call_v the_o assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n or_o of_o disseisin_n late_o make_v it_o seem_v that_o the_o limitation_n be_v set_v for_o the_o justice_n sake_n who_o now_o be_v appoint_v to_o that_o work_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o the_o county_n court_v 33._o glanv_n lib._n 13._o cap._n 33._o and_o to_o prevent_v intrenchment_n of_o court_n a_o limitation_n be_v determine_v although_o the_o copy_n seem_v to_o be_v mistake_v for_o the_o limitation_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v from_o the_o king_n last_o voyage_n or_o go_v into_o normandy_n justice_n shall_v do_v right_a upon_o the_o king_n write_v for_o half_a a_o 11._o 11._o knight_n fee_n and_z under_z unless_o in_o case_n of_o difficulty_n which_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o king_n the_o justice_n itinerant_a end_v the_o small_a matter_n in_o their_o circuit_n the_o other_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o king_n in_o his_o bench_n justice_n shall_v inquire_v of_o escheate_n land_n church_n and_o 12._o 12._o woman_n in_o the_o king_n gift_n and_o of_o castle_n guard_n who_o how_o much_o and_o where_o so_o as_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a have_v the_o work_n of_o escheator_n and_o make_v their_o circuit_n serve_v as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n profit_n as_o justice_n to_o the_o subject_n they_o use_v also_o to_o take_v fealty_n of_o the_o people_n to_o the_o king_n at_o one_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o to_o demand_v homage_n also_o these_o matter_n of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n make_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o judge_n less_o acceptable_a and_o it_o may_v be_v occasion_v some_o kind_n of_o oppression_n and_o as_o touch_v castleguard_n it_o be_v a_o tenure_n in_o great_a use_n in_o these_o bloody_a time_n and_o yet_o it_o seem_v they_o use_v to_o take_v rend_v instead_o of_o the_o personal_a service_n else_o have_v that_o enquiry_n how_o much_o be_v improper_a 13._o 13._o of_o a_o tenant_n hold_v and_o of_o several_a lord_n that_o one_o man_n may_v hold_v several_a land_n of_o several_a lord_n and_o so_o owe_v service_n to_o they_o all_o be_v so_o common_a as_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o nevertheless_o it_o will_v not_o be_v altogether_o out_o of_o the_o way_n to_o touch_v somewhat_o upon_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o mutual_a relation_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o general_a that_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o the_o diversity_n may_v more_o full_o appear_v the_o foundation_n or_o subject_n of_o service_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o land_n or_o other_o tenement_n at_o the_o first_o give_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o the_o tenant_n in_o affirmance_n of_o a_o stipulation_n between_o they_o presuppose_v by_o the_o give_v and_o receive_v whereof_o the_o tenant_n undertake_v to_o perform_v service_n to_o the_o lord_n 4._o glanv_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 4._o and_o the_o lord_n undertake_v protection_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o his_o right_n to_o that_o tenement_n the_o service_n be_v first_o by_o promise_n solemn_o bind_v either_o by_o oath_n which_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o deputy_n by_o the_o common_a law_n have_v power_n to_o administer_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o fealty_n in_o which_o the_o tenant_n bind_v himself_o to_o be_v true_a to_o the_o honour_n and_o safety_n of_o his_o lord_n person_n and_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o tenement_n so_o give_v or_o otherwise_o by_o the_o tenant_n humble_a acknowledgement_n and_o promise_v not_o only_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a but_o even_o to_o be_v devote_v to_o the_o lord_n service_n to_o honour_v he_o and_o to_o adventure_v limb_n and_o life_n and_o to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o the_o lord_n this_o be_v call_v homage_n from_o those_o word_n i_o become_v your_o man_n sir_n and_o yet_o promise_v upon_o the_o matter_n no_o more_o but_o fealty_n in_o a_o deep_a compliment_n albeit_o there_o be_v difference_n in_o the_o adjunct_n belong_v to_o each_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o by_o promise_n of_o be_v the_o lord_n man_n a_o general_a service_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v imply_v yet_o in_o regard_n that_o it_o be_v upon_o occasion_n only_o of_o that_o present_a tenure_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v restrain_v only_o to_o those_o particular_a service_n which_o belong_v to_o that_o tenement_n and_o therefore_o if_o that_o tenement_n be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n although_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o homage_n yet_o that_o homage_n tie_v not_o the_o tenant_n to_o the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n 5_o lit._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 5_o nor_o contrary_o do_v the_o homage_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o knight_n service_n tie_v he_o to_o that_o of_o socage_n upon_o the_o command_n of_o his_o lord_n though_o he_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v his_o man_n nor_o do_v the_o tenant_n homage_n bind_v he_o against_o all_o man_n nor_o ad_fw-la semper_fw-la for_o in_o case_n he_o hold_v of_o two_o or_o divers_a lord_n by_o homage_n for_o several_a tenement_n 10._o glanv_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 1._o lib._n 7._o cap._n 10._o and_o these_o two_o lord_n be_v in_o war_n one_o against_o the_o other_o the_o tenant_n must_v serve_v his_o chief_a lord_n of_o who_o the_o capital_a house_n be_v hold_v or_o that_o lord_n which_o be_v he_o by_o priority_n who_o may_v be_v call_v the_o chief_a lord_n because_o have_v first_o receive_v homage_n he_o receive_v it_o absolute_o from_o his_o tenant_n but_o all_o other_o lord_n receive_v homage_n of_o such_o tenant_n with_o a_o save_n of_o the_o tenant_n faith_n make_v to_o other_o lord_n and_o to_o the_o king_n who_o in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a have_v power_n to_o command_v a_o tenant_n into_o war_n against_o his_o own_o lord_n if_o therefore_o he_o be_v command_v by_o the_o king_n in_o such_o case_n unto_o war_n he_o need_v not_o question_v the_o point_n of_o forfeiture_n 1._o glanvil_n lib._n 9_o cap._n 1._o but_o if_o he_o be_v command_v by_o a_o chief_a of_o his_o other_o lord_n into_o war_n against_o a_o party_n in_o which_o another_o of_o his_o lord_n be_v engage_v his_o safe_a way_n be_v to_o enter_v upon_o the_o work_n because_o of_o his_o allegiancc_fw-la to_o that_o lord_n yet_o with_o a_o salvo_fw-la of_o his_o fealty_n to_o that_o other_o lord._n 4._o ibid._n cap._n 4._o but_o in_o all_o ordinary_a case_n tenant_n and_o lord_n must_v have_v regard_n to_o their_o stipulation_n for_o otherwise_o if_o either_o break_v the_o other_o be_v discharge_v for_o ever_o and_o if_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o tenant_n his_o tenement_n escheat_n to_o his_o lord_n and_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v he_o lose_v his_o tenure_n and_o the_o tenant_n may_v thence_o forth_o disclaim_v and_o hold_v over_o for_o ever_o nevertheless_o the_o lord_n have_v two_o privilege_n by_o common_a custom_n belong_v to_o their_o tenor_n which_o although_o not_o mention_v in_o the_o stipulation_n be_v yet_o more_o valuable_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o one_o concern_v matter_n of_o profit_n the_o other_o of_o power_n that_o of_o profit_n consist_v in_o aid_n and_o relief_n the_o aid_n be_v of_o three_o kind_n 8._o ibid._n c._n 8._o one_o to_o make_v the_o lord_n elder_a son_n knight_n the_o other_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n the_o three_o to_o help_v he_o to_o pay_v a_o relief_n to_o his_o lord_n paramont_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n
they_o irrecoverable_o thus_o favourite_n instead_o of_o cement_n between_o prince_n and_o people_n become_v rock_n of_o offence_n bring_v ruin_n sometime_o to_o all_o but_o always_o to_o themselves_o the_o king_n foresee_v the_o storm_n and_o think_v it_o safe_a first_o to_o cry_v truce_n with_o the_o people_n and_o come_v to_o agreement_n with_o they_o by_o common_a consent_n 2._o prerog_n reg._n 17_o edw._n 2._o for_o the_o extent_n of_o his_o prerogative_n in_o certain_a particular_a case_n questionable_a and_o this_o sum_v up_o become_v a_o statute_n for_o future_a time_n to_o be_v a_o ne_fw-fr plus_fw-la ultra_fw-la between_o the_o king_n and_o people_n homage_n stat._n the_o homage_n the_o like_a agreement_n likewise_o be_v concern_v service_n of_o tenant_n to_o their_o lord_n and_o a_o oath_n frame_v to_o vindicate_v they_o from_o all_o encroachment_n templar_n stat._n templar_n and_o something_o be_v do_v to_o calm_v the_o clergy_n for_o the_o demolish_n of_o the_o templar_n knight_n but_o the_o wound_n be_v incurable_a word_n be_v not_o believe_v if_o action_n do_v not_o succeed_v nor_o will_v oath_n now_o make_v to_o bind_v king_n bishop_n councillor_n of_o state_n sheriff_n major_n bailiff_n or_o judge_n to_o justice_n nor_o direction_n for_o regulate_v of_o court_n nor_o ordinance_n against_o false_a money_n and_o weight_n nor_o all_o of_o they_o settle_v the_o people_n but_o they_o adhere_v to_o the_o queen_n burn_v with_o jealousy_n against_o the_o king_n and_o both_o herself_o and_o the_o lord_n with_o rage_n against_o the_o spencer_n the_o king_n fly_v and_o be_v forsake_v of_o the_o people_n the_o lord_n the_o clergy_n his_o own_o son_n and_o the_o wife_n of_o his_o own_o bosom_n and_o of_o god_n himself_o as_o the_o most_o absolute_a abject_a that_o ever_o sway_v sceptre_n lose_v the_o same_o and_o be_v make_v a_o monument_n of_o god_n revenge_n upon_o inordinate_a desire_n in_o a_o king_n and_o of_o the_o english_a people_n be_v enrage_v not_o long_o survive_v his_o demise_n he_o die_v a_o death_n meet_v to_o be_v forever_o blot_v out_o of_o the_o thought_n of_o all_o subject_n but_o to_o be_v have_v in_o everlasting_a remembrance_n of_o all_o king_n for_o if_o a_o kingdom_n or_o parliament_n mislead_v the_o king_n at_o the_o worst_a he_o be_v but_o mislead_v by_o his_o council_n but_o if_o he_o be_v draw_v aside_o by_o favourite_n he_o must_v thank_v his_o own_o lust_n in_o the_o one_o he_o have_v but_o the_o least_o share_n in_o the_o burden_n in_o the_o other_o he_o must_v bear_v the_o whole_a chap._n lxv_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n till_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o now_o be_v prerogative_n mount_v up_o to_o the_o high_a pitch_n or_o endeavour_v so_o to_o be_v either_o through_o the_o weakness_n or_o power_n of_o these_o king_n of_o who_o the_o first_o and_o last_o have_v little_a to_o ground_n upon_o but_o their_o own_o will_n and_o the_o other_o i_o mean_v edward_n the_o 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as_o in_o case_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n 29_o westm_n 2._o ca._n 29_o and_o of_o the_o assize_n or_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la save_v that_o in_o the_o last_o case_n they_o be_v associate_v with_o knight_n in_o the_o county_n for_o the_o take_n of_o assizes_n 30._o ibid._n c._n 30._o now_o concern_v the_o court_n that_o be_v settle_v some_o be_v settle_v or_o annex_v to_o the_o king_n personal_a residence_n as_o the_o chancellor_n court_n for_o in_o these_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o have_v a_o judiciary_n power_n of_o eminent_a stature_n and_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o great_a chief_a justice_n of_o england_n then_o also_o the_o king_n bench_n be_v annex_v by_o the_o same_o law_n unto_o the_o king_n court_n or_o personal_a residence_n 15._o fleta_n artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 15._o as_o it_o ancient_o ever_o have_v that_o honour_n although_o it_o seem_v the_o endeavour_n be_v to_o make_v it_o like_o the_o common_a plea_n in_o that_o particular_a another_z and_z last_o court_n that_o be_v settle_v in_o this_o manner_n be_v the_o marshal_n court_n which_o in_o the_o original_n only_o concern_v the_o king_n household_n but_o afterward_o compass_v in_o a_o distance_n of_o the_o neighbour_a place_n 129._o 5_o e._n 4_o foe_n 129._o because_o the_o king_n attendant_n be_v many_o in_o those_o time_n when_o as_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n continual_o attend_v on_o his_o person_n and_o this_o precinct_n be_v call_v the_o verge_n and_o all_o case_n of_o debt_n and_o covenant_n where_o both_o party_n be_v of_o the_o household_n 3._o artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 3._o and_o of_o trespass_n vi_o &_o armis_fw-la where_n one_o of_o they_o be_v of_o the_o household_n be_v handle_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o verge_n or_o the_o marshal_n court_n and_o inquest_n of_o death_n within_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v take_v by_o the_o coroner_n of_o the_o county_n with_o the_o coroner_n of_o the_o household_n other_o court_n be_v rural_a and_o affix_v also_o to_o 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of_o corporation_n 23._o west_n 1._o cap._n 23._o fair_n and_o market_n viz._n that_o no_o person_n shall_v be_v sue_v in_o any_o of_o they_o which_o be_v not_o a_o debtor_n or_o pledge_n there_o chap._n lxix_o of_o coroner_n sheriff_n and_o crown_v plea_n 10_o coroner_n westm_n 1._o ca._n 10_o corener_n shall_v be_v choose_v in_o the_o county_n from_o the_o wise_a great_a and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o country_n of_o these_o officer_n former_o have_v be_v speak_v as_o touch_v their_o election_n qualification_n and_o work_v this_o law_n bring_v in_o no_o change_n of_o any_o former_a law_n but_o only_o of_o a_o former_a custom_n gain_v by_o these_o degenerate_v time_n which_o bring_v man_n into_o place_n that_o be_v far_o unfit_a who_o otherwise_o of_o poor_a and_o mean_a condition_n maintain_v themselves_o by_o bribery_n and_o extortion_n and_o be_v find_v guilty_a have_v not_o sufficient_a to_o give_v recompense_n this_o law_n therefore_o revive_v the_o first_o law_n and_o hold_v these_o man_n to_o their_o work_n of_o take_v inquest_n and_o appeal_n by_o indenture_n between_o themselves_o and_o the_o sheriff_n and_o these_o be_v to_o be_v certify_v at_o the_o next_o come_v of_o the_o justice_n 9_o sheriff_n artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 9_o the_o free_a holder_n in_o every_o county_n if_o they_o will_v shall_v elect_v their_o own_o sheriff_n unless_o the_o sheriffwicke_n be_v hold_v in_o see_v this_o be_v indeed_o the_o ancient_a custom_n as_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v eligible_a by_o the_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 2._o miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sec._n 3._o stat._n the_o vic_a 9_o e._n 2._o so_o be_v also_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o county_n choose_v by_o the_o county_n but_o within_o a_o few_o year_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o come_v another_o law_n that_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v be_v appoint_v by_o the_o chancellor_n treasurer_n baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o the_o justice_n which_o law_n be_v make_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n as_o by_o the_o file_n of_o that_o statute_n do_v more_o full_o appear_v for_o though_o at_o the_o first_o blush_v it_o may_v seem_v a_o privilege_n lose_v by_o the_o free_a man_n that_o these_o great_a man_n shall_v have_v the_o election_n of_o the_o sheriff_n yet_o it_o prove_v a_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o common_a quiet_n of_o the_o people_n in_o those_o time_n of_o party_n and_o be_v so_o apprehend_v otherwise_o as_o the_o case_n stand_v in_o those_o day_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o it_o be_v no_o time_n for_o he_o to_o gain_v upon_o the_o people_n liberty_n nor_o have_v the_o statute_n of_o articuli_fw-la super_fw-la cartas_fw-la whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v be_v pen_v with_o these_o word_n if_o they_o will_v and_o questionless_a in_o these_o day_n we_o now_o live_v in_o if_o the_o people_n have_v but_o a_o little_a taste_n of_o this_o seem_a liberty_n of_o elect_a sheriff_n in_o the_o county_n court_n as_o former_o it_o be_v use_v it_o will_v be_v soon_o perceive_v that_o the_o election_n of_o these_o chief_a officer_n be_v better_o dispose_v in_o some_o other_o hand_n if_o right_o pursue_v homicide_n by_o misfortune_n shall_v not_o be_v adjudge_v murder_n 25._o chancemedly_n marlbr_n cap._n 25._o that_o the_o saxon_n make_v difference_n between_o homicide_n by_o misfortune_n and_o that_o which_o be_v do_v felleo_fw-la animo_fw-la or_o with_o a_o spirit_n of_o gall_n former_o have_v be_v show_v now_o what_o it_o be_v that_o alter_v the_o case_n i_o can_v say_v unless_o the_o violence_n cruelty_n and_o oppression_n of_o the_o time_n former_o all_o kind_n of_o manslaughter_n be_v finable_a i_o mean_v in_o the_o norman_a time_n and_o so_o may_v more_o rational_o be_v rank_v into_o one_o degree_n but_o now_o the_o punishment_n begin_v to_o change_v from_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o loss_n of_o member_n to_o death_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o necessary_a to_o make_v the_o 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or_o provide_v for_o future_a generation_n nevertheless_o if_o all_o be_v grant_v viz._n that_o this_o statute_n be_v but_o a_o present_a order_n that_o the_o arm_n therein_o be_v too_o slight_a to_o resist_v a_o enemy_n and_o the_o end_n thereof_o be_v only_o to_o enable_v the_o kingdom_n against_o thief_n and_o robber_n yet_o can_v not_o edward_n the_o first_o pretend_v to_o have_v any_o power_n to_o assess_v arm_n at_o pleasure_n upon_o occasion_n of_o war_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o precedent_n in_o story_n that_o countenance_v it_o seeing_z henry_n the_o third_z and_z henry_n the_o second_o in_o their_o course_n use_v the_o rule_n secundum_fw-la facultates_fw-la as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v and_o the_o rule_n forego_v tend_v only_o to_o freeman_n and_o their_o land_n nor_o do_v king_n john_n disclaim_v the_o same_o but_o pursue_v it_o and_o yet_o if_o there_o be_v any_o precedent_n of_o prerogative_n in_o story_n which_o king_n john_n have_v not_o that_o king_n will_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o king_n of_o wonderment_n i_o say_v king_n john_n pursue_v it_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o distemper_n threaten_v by_o the_o pope_n provoke_v by_o the_o french_a king_n now_o ready_a in_o the_o field_n vex_v by_o his_o people_n and_o himself_o scarce_o himself_o summon_v to_o defend_v himself_o themselves_o 1213._o m_o paris_n an._n 1213._o and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n all_o man_n that_o ought_v to_o have_v arm_n or_o may_v have_v arm_n and_o such_o as_o have_v no_o amre_n and_o yet_o arma_fw-la habere_fw-la possint_fw-la let_v they_o also_o come_v ad_fw-la capiendum_fw-la solidatas_fw-la nostras_fw-la and_o according_o there_o come_v a_o vast_a number_n not_o only_o of_o the_o arm_a man_n but_o of_o the_o unarmed_a multitude_n who_o afterward_o be_v send_v to_o their_o own_o home_n when_o victual_n fail_v hitherto_o therefore_o king_n john_n not_o above_o three_o year_n before_o his_o death_n hold_v himself_o to_o the_o assessment_n to_o arm_n only_o of_o such_o as_o have_v land_n and_o at_o this_o time_n of_o exigency_n other_o unarmed_a be_v summon_v to_o take_v arm_n from_o the_o king_n with_o their_o pay_n or_o otherwise_o they_o must_v fight_v without_o weapon_n i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o last_o general_a point_n which_o concern_v the_o executive_a power_n of_o matter_n concern_v the_o peace_n within_o this_o law_n touch_v which_o the_o statute_n enforce_v this_o that_o constable_n in_o every_o hundred_o and_o franchise_n shall_v have_v the_o view_n of_o arm_n and_o shall_v present_v default_n against_o the_o statute_n of_o justice_n assign_v who_o shall_v certify_v the_o same_o to_o the_o king_n in_o every_o parliament_n and_o the_o king_n shall_v provide_v remedy_n whereby_o it_o seem_v manifest_a that_o hitherto_o no_o law_n or_o custom_n be_v make_v against_o any_o for_o default_n of_o arm_n but_o only_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o that_o tenure_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v a_o shift_n to_o cause_v they_o to_o swear_v to_o maintain_v arm_n and_o so_o may_v proceed_v upon_o default_n as_o in_o case_n of_o perjury_n and_o that_o the_o parliament_n be_v still_o loath_a to_o set_v any_o certain_a rule_n for_o penalty_n and_o absolute_o decline_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o under_o a_o general_a periculo_fw-la incumbente_fw-la which_o its_o likely_a man_n will_v rather_o eschew_v by_o obedience_n than_o adventure_n upon_o out_o of_o a_o dare_a spirit_n unless_o their_o case_n be_v very_o clear_a within_o the_o mercy_n of_o common_a reason_n and_o therefore_o such_o case_n be_v leave_v to_o special_a order_n of_o the_o parliament_n rather_o than_o they_o will_v deliver_v such_o a_o rod_n as_o determine_v power_n be_v over_o into_o any_o uncertain_a hand_n what_o ever_o it_o be_v very_o true_a that_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o this_o also_o have_v be_v controvert_v as_o if_o all_o the_o executive_a power_n have_v be_v turn_v out_o of_o the_o parliament_n order_n into_o the_o directory_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o thing_n reach_v far_o for_o then_o in_o order_n thereunto_o the_o whole_a militia_n of_o the_o kingdom_n must_v have_v be_v under_o his_o safe_a command_n and_o whether_o it_o ever_o enter_v into_o the_o conceit_n of_o that_o king_n i_o know_v not_o but_o somewhat_o like_a thereunto_o be_v not_o obscure_o urge_v to_o nourish_v and_o suggest_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o notion_n and_o so_o derive_v it_o unto_o his_o successor_n upon_o the_o word_n of_o a_o statute_n de_fw-fr defension_n portandi_fw-la armorum_fw-la the_o english_a whereof_o i_o shall_v render_v out_o of_o the_o french_a as_o follow_v it_o belong_v to_o we_o viz._n edw._n 1._o and_o from_o we_o by_o our_o royal_a seignory_n to_o defend_v force_n of_o arm_n and_o all_o other_o force_n against_o our_o peace_n at_o all_o time_n that_o we_o shall_v please_v and_o to_o punish_v according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o usage_n of_o this_o realm_n such_o as_o shall_v oppose_v and_o to_o this_o they_o viz._n lord_n and_o commons_o be_v bind_v we_o to_o aid_v as_o their_o good_a lord_n always_o when_o need_n shall_v be_v two_o thing_n be_v concurrant_fw-la with_o this_o which_o be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o statute_n if_o such_o it_o be_v the_o one_o be_v the_o preface_n or_o the_o occasion_n and_o the_o second_o be_v the_o conclusion_n upon_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o same_o the_o preface_n first_o set_v down_o the_o inscription_n or_o direction_n of_o the_o law_n not_o to_o the_o people_n but_o to_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o bench_n and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o a_o writ_n or_o declaration_n send_v unto_o his_o judge_n then_o it_o set_v down_o the_o occasion_n which_o be_v a_o debate_n between_o edw._n 1._o and_o his_o lord_n with_o a_o treaty_n which_o be_v have_v before_o certain_a person_n depute_v thereto_o and_o it_o be_v accord_v that_o at_o the_o next_o parliament_n order_n shall_v be_v take_v by_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o king_n the_o prelate_n earl_n and_o baron_n that_o in_o all_o parliament_n treaty_n and_o other_o assembly_n which_o shall_v be_v have_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n for_o ever_o after_o all_o man_n shall_v come_v thereto_o without_o force_n and_o without_o arm_n well_o and_o peaceable_o and_o thence_o it_o recite_v that_o the_o say_a meeting_n at_o parliament_n be_v have_v and_o that_o there_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o cominalty_n be_v assemble_v to_o advise_v upon_o this_o matter_n nous_fw-fr eiont_fw-fr dit_fw-fr say_v one_o copy_n and_o nous_fw-fr eions_fw-fr dit_fw-fr say_v another_o copy_n so_o as_o whether_o this_o be_v the_o declaration_n of_o the_o king_n unto_o the_o parliament_n or_o of_o the_o parliament_n to_o the_o king_n be_v one_o doubt_n and_o a_o principal_a one_o it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o this_o then_o the_o conclusion_n of_o all_o be_v that_o the_o king_n command_v these_o thing_n shall_v be_v read_v before_o the_o justice_n in_o the_o bench_n and_o there_o enroll_v and_o this_o be_v date_v the_o 30._o of_o october_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n which_o be_v ann._n 1279._o so_o as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o declaration_n of_o the_o king_n than_o it_o impli_v as_o if_o it_o be_v not_o very_o well_o accept_v of_o the_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n will_v have_v it_o rest_v upon_o record_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o claim_n or_o protestando_fw-la for_o save_v the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n but_o if_o it_o be_v the_o declaration_n of_o the_o parliament_n the_o king_n hold_v it_o so_o precious_a a_o flower_n that_o fear_v it_o shall_v fade_v set_v it_o in_o a_o private_a garden_n of_o his_o own_o that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o careful_o nurse_v against_o the_o blast_n of_o time_n as_o if_o the_o parliament_n have_v not_o assent_v thereto_o or_o if_o they_o do_v mean_v not_o to_o hold_v it_o forth_o to_o the_o world_n for_o future_a time_n to_o be_v a_o constant_a rule_n but_o only_o by_o way_n of_o concession_n to_o ease_v themselves_o of_o the_o present_a difficulty_n in_o make_v a_o law_n against_o wear_v of_o armour_n in_o ordinary_a civil_a affair_n and_o so_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o king_n care_n to_o provide_v against_o imergent_a breach_n of_o the_o peace_n as_o a_o expedient_a for_o the_o present_a inconvenience_n in_o affair_n and_o it_o will_v well_o suit_n with_o the_o posture_n of_o affair_n then_o in_o course_n for_o the_o welsh_a war_n be_v now_o intermit_v and_o a_o quiet_a of_o three_o year_n ensue_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o which_o soldier_n have_v liberty_n to_o do_v nothing_o and_o that_o be_v next_o to_o naught_o but_o recreate_v themselves_o use_v their_o wont_a guise_n as_o if_o they_o be_v not_o dress_v that_o day_n that_o they_o be_v not_o arm_v nor_o fit_a for_o counsel_n
sr._n nathaniel_n bacon_n from_o a_o original_a at_o the_o lord_n viscount_n grimslon's_n at_o gorhambury_n pubd._n augt._n 10._o 1795._o by_o w._n richardson_n castle_n st._n leicester_n square_n a_o historical_a discourse_n of_o the_o uniformity_n of_o the_o government_n of_o england_n the_o first_o part_n from_o the_o first_o time_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o london_n print_v for_o matthew_n walbancke_n at_o grayes-inne-gate_n 1647._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a edward_z earl_n of_o manchester_n speaker_n of_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n and_o the_o honourable_a william_n lenthall_n esqu_n speaker_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o in_o parliament_n may_v it_o please_v you_o to_o accept_v of_o this_o sacrifice_n which_o i_o offer_v before_o your_o supreme_a judicatory_a to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o time_n the_o fire_n be_v that_o of_o loyalty_n neither_o wild_a nor_o common_a nor_o be_v the_o thing_n altogether_o forbid_v and_o unclean_a i_o confess_v its_o maim_a and_o unworthy_a yet_o it_o be_v the_o best_a that_o i_o have_v and_o in_o that_o regard_n while_o i_o now_o stand_v at_o your_o bar_n if_o you_o shall_v please_v to_o dismiss_v i_o without_o kneel_v i_o shall_v in_o that_o posture_n do_v the_o house_n the_o best_a service_n that_o i_o can_v elsewhere_o nath_n bacon_n to_o consideration_n a_o private_a debate_n concern_v the_o right_a of_o a_o english_a king_n to_o arbitrary_a rule_n over_o english_a subject_n as_o successor_n to_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n so_o call_v first_o occasion_v this_o discourse_n herein_o i_o have_v necessary_o fall_v upon_o the_o antiquity_n and_o uniformity_n of_o the_o government_n of_o this_o nation_n it_o be_v clear_v may_v also_o serve_v as_o a_o idea_n for_o they_o to_o consider_v who_o do_v mind_n the_o restitution_n of_o this_o shatter_a frame_n of_o policy_n for_o as_o in_o all_o orhe_a cure_n so_o in_o that_o of_o a_o distemper_a government_n the_o original_a constitution_n of_o the_o body_n be_v not_o light_o to_o be_v regard_v and_o the_o contemplation_n of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o a_o small_a model_n bring_v no_o less_o furtherance_n to_o the_o right_a apprehension_n of_o the_o true_a nature_n thereof_o beside_o the_o delight_n than_o the_o peruse_n of_o a_o map_n do_v to_o the_o traveler_n after_o a_o long_a and_o tedious_a travail_n i_o propound_v not_o this_o discourse_n as_o a_o pattern_n draw_v up_o to_o the_o life_n of_o the_o thing_n nor_o the_o thing_n itself_o as_o a_o masterpiece_n for_o future_a age_n for_o well_o i_o do_v know_v that_o commonweal_n in_o their_o minority_n do_v want_v not_o only_a perfection_n of_o strength_n and_o beauty_n but_o also_o of_o part_n and_o proportion_n especial_o see_v that_o their_o full_a age_n attain_v no_o further_a growth_n then_o to_o a_o mixture_n of_o divers_a form_n in_o one_o ambition_n have_v do_v much_o by_o discourse_n and_o action_n to_o bring_v forth_o monarchy_n out_o of_o the_o womb_n of_o notion_n but_o yet_o like_a that_o of_o the_o philosopher_n stone_n the_o issue_n be_v but_o wind_n and_o the_o end_n misery_n to_o the_o undertaker_n and_o therefore_o more_o than_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o the_o utmost_a perfection_n of_o this_o nether_a world_n best_a government_n consist_v in_o the_o uphold_v of_o a_o due_a proportion_n of_o several_a interest_n compound_v into_o one_o temperature_n he_o that_o know_v the_o secret_n of_o all_o man_n heart_n do_v know_v that_o my_o aim_n in_o this_o discourse_n be_v neither_o at_o sceptre_n or_o crosier_n nor_o after_o popular_a dotage_n but_o that_o justice_n and_o truth_n may_v moderate_v in_o all_o this_o be_v a_o vessel_n i_o confess_v ill_a and_o weak_o build_v yet_o do_v it_o adventure_n into_o the_o vast_a ocean_n of_o your_o censure_n gentleman_n who_o be_v antiquary_n lawyer_n and_o historian_n any_o one_o of_o who_o may_v have_v steer_v in_o this_o course_n much_o better_a than_o myself_o have_v my_o own_o credit_n be_v the_o fraite_n i_o must_v have_v expect_v nothing_o less_o than_o wrack_n and_o loss_n of_o all_o but_o the_o main_a propose_n of_o this_o voyage_n be_v for_o discovery_n of_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o this_o government_n to_o common_a view_n i_o shall_v ever_o account_v your_o just_a censure_n and_o contradiction_n especial_o publish_v with_o their_o ground_n to_o be_v my_o most_o happy_a return_n and_o as_o a_o crown_n to_o this_o work_n and_o that_o my_o labour_n have_v its_o full_a reward_n if_o other_o take_v advantage_n by_o my_o imperfection_n shall_v beautify_v england_n with_o a_o more_o perfect_a and_o lively_a character_n the_o content_n chap._n 1._o of_o the_o briton_n and_o their_o government_n p._n 1_o chap._n 2_o concern_v the_o conversion_n of_o the_o briton_n unto_o the_o faith_n p._n 3_o chap._n 3._o of_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o roman_n into_o britain_n and_o the_o state_n thereof_o during_o their_o continuance_n p._n 5_o chap._n 4._o of_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o their_o manner_n of_o government_n p._n 12_o chap._n 5._o of_o augustine_n come_v to_o the_o saxon_n in_o england_n his_o entertainment_n and_o work_n p._n 17_o chap._n 6._o of_o the_o imbody_v of_o prelacy_n into_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n p._n 21_o chap._n 7._o of_o metropolitan_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n p._n 23_o chap._n 8._o of_o the_o saxon_a bishop_n p._n 25_o chap._n 9_o of_o the_o saxon_a presbyter_n p._n 27_o chap._n 10._o of_o inferior_a church-officer_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 28_o chap._n 11._o of_o churchmen_n maintenance_n among_o the_o saxon_n p_o 29_o chap._n 12._o of_o the_o several_a precinct_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o church-governors_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 35_o chap._n 13._o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o prelate_n government_n of_o the_o saxon_a church_n p._n 36_o chap._n 14._o of_o cause_n ecclesiastical_a p._n 39_o cha._n 15._o a_o brief_a censure_n of_o the_o saxon_a prelatical_a church_n government_n p._n 43_o chap._n 16._o of_o the_o saxon_n commonweal_n and_o the_o government_n thereof_o and_o first_o of_o the_o king_n p._n 46_o chap._n 17._o of_o the_o saxon_a nobility_n p._n 53_o chap._n 18._o of_o the_o freeman_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 55_o chap._n 19_o of_o the_o villain_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 56_o chap._n 20._o of_o the_o grand_a council_n among_o the_o saxon_n call_v the_o micklemote_a p._n 57_o chap._n 21._o of_o the_o council_n of_o lord_n p._n 62_o chap._n 22._o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n p._n 63_o chap._n 23._o of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o saxon_a kingdom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o first_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o kingdom_n into_o shire_n and_o their_o officer_n p._n 65_o chap._n 24._o of_o the_o county_n court_n and_o sheriff_n tear_v p._n 66_o chap._n 25._o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o county_n into_o hundred_o and_o the_o officer_n and_o court_n thereto_o belong_v p._n 68_o chap._n 26._o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o hundred_o into_o decennary_n p._n 70_o chap._n 27._o of_o franchise_n and_o first_o of_o the_o church_n franchise_n p._n 71_o chap._n 28._o of_o the_o second_o franchise_n call_v the_o march_n p._n 72_o chap._n 29._o of_o county_n palatine_n p._n 73_o chap._n 30._o of_o franchise_n of_o the_o person_n ibid._n chap._n 31._o of_o manor_n p._n 75_o ch._n 32._o of_o court_n incident_a &_o unite_v unto_o manor_n p._n 77_o chap._n 33._o of_o township_n and_o their_o market_n p._n 79_o chap._n 34._o of_o the_o forest_n p._n 82_o chap._n 35._o concern_v judge_n in_o court_n of_o justice_n p._n 84_o chap._n 36._o of_o the_o proceed_n in_o judicature_n by_o indictment_n appeal_v presentment_n and_o action_n p._n 85_o chap._n 37._o of_o the_o several_a manner_n of_o extraordinary_a trial_n by_o torture_n ordeale_o compurgator_n and_o battle_n p._n 88_o chap._n 38._o of_o the_o ordinary_a manner_n of_o trial_n among_o the_o saxon_n by_o inquest_n p._n 91_o chap._n 39_o of_o pass_v judgement_n and_o execution_n p._n 94_o chap._n 40._o of_o the_o penal_a law_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 96_o chap._n 41._o of_o the_o law_n of_o property_n of_o land_n and_o good_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o conveyance_n p._n 102_o chap._n 42._o of_o the_o time_n of_o law_n and_o vacancy_n p._n 110_o chap._n 43._o a_o epilogue_n to_o the_o saxon_a government_n p._n 111_o chap._n 44._o of_o the_o norman_a entrance_n p._n 113_o chap._n 45._o of_o the_o title_n of_o the_o norman_a king_n to_o the_o english_a crown_n that_o it_o be_v by_o election_n p._n 115_o chap._n 46._o that_o the_o government_n of_o the_o norman_n proceed_v upon_o the_o saxon_a principle_n and_o first_o of_o parliament_n p._n 120_o chap._n 47._o of_o the_o franchise_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o norman_a time_n p._n 123_o
church-government_n during_o these_o time_n fol._n 146._o xviii_o of_o the_o court_n of_o chancery_n fol._n 162._o xix_o of_o the_o court_n of_o crown_n plas_n and_o common_a law_n foe_n 165_o xx._n concern_v sheriff_n fol._n 168._o xxi_o of_o justice_n and_o law_n concern_v the_o peace_n fol._n 170._o xxii_o of_o the_o militia_n during_o these_o time_n fol._n 175._o xxiii_o a_o short_a survey_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o edward_z the_o five_o and_z richard_z the_o three_o fol._n 181._o xxiv_o of_o the_o government_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o parliament_n fol._n 187._o xxv_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o clergy_n fol._n 191._o xxvi_o a_o short_a sum_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o and_o henry_n the_o eight_o fol._n 194._o xxvii_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o crown_n fol._n 202._o xxviii_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o these_o time_n fol._n 223._o xxix_o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o the_o convocation_n f._n 229._o xxx_o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o their_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n fol._n 232._o xxxi_o of_o judicature_n fol._n 241._o xxxii_o of_o the_o militia_n fol._n 245._o xxxiii_o of_o the_o peace_n fol._n 253._o xxxiv_o of_o the_o general_a government_n of_o edward_n the_o six_o queen_n marry_o and_o queen_n elizabeth_n fol._n 259._o xxxv_o of_o the_o supreme_a power_n during_o these_o time_n fol._n 268._o xxxvi_o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o parliament_n during_o these_o time_n fol._n 277._o xxxvii_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n ecclesiastical_a during_o these_o last_o time_n fol._n 283._o xxxviii_o of_o the_o militia_n in_o these_o late_a time_n fol._n 290._o thirty-nine_o of_o the_o peace_n fol._n 297._o xl._n a_o summary_n conclusion_n upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n fol._n 300._o a_o preface_n contain_v a_o vindication_n of_o the_o ancient_a way_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n the_o more_o word_n the_o more_o fault_n be_v a_o divine_a maxim_n that_o have_v put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o publish_n of_o this_o second_o part_n for_o some_o time_n but_o observe_v the_o ordinary_a humour_n still_o draw_v off_o and_o pass_v a_o harsh_a censure_n upon_o my_o intention_n in_o my_o first_o part_n than_o i_o expect_v i_o do_v proceed_v to_o fulfil_v my_o course_n that_o if_o censure_n will_v be_v it_o may_v be_v upon_o better_a ground_n when_o the_o whole_a matter_n be_v before_o herein_o i_o shall_v once_o more_o mind_n that_o i_o meddle_v not_o with_o the_o theological_a right_n of_o king_n or_o other_o power_n but_o with_o the_o civil_a right_n in_o fact_n now_o in_o hand_n and_o because_o some_o man_n pen_n of_o late_a have_v range_v into_o a_o denial_n of_o the_o commons_o ancient_a right_n in_o the_o legislative_a power_n and_o other_o even_o to_o adnull_v the_o right_n both_o of_o lord_n and_o commons_o therein_o resolve_v all_o such_o power_n into_o that_o one_o principle_n of_o a_o king_n quicquid_fw-la libet_fw-la licet_fw-la so_o make_v the_o breach_n much_o wide_a then_o at_o the_o beginning_n i_o shall_v intend_v my_o course_n against_o both_o as_o touch_v the_o commons_o right_a joint_o with_o the_o lord_n it_o will_v be_v the_o main_a end_n of_o the_o whole_a but_o as_o touch_v the_o commons_o right_a in_o competition_n with_o the_o lord_n i_o will_v first_o endeavour_v to_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o way_n what_o i_o find_v publish_v in_o a_o late_a tractate_n concern_v that_o matter_n and_o so_o proceed_v upon_o the_o whole_a the_o subject_n of_o that_o discourse_n consist_v of_o three_o part_n one_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o ancient_a parliament_n before_o the_o thirteen_o century_n consist_v only_o of_o those_o who_o we_o now_o call_v the_o house_n of_o lord_n the_o other_o that_o both_o the_o legislative_a and_o judicial_a power_n of_o the_o parliament_n rest_v whole_o in_o they_o last_o that_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n of_o parliament_n or_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v not_o know_v nor_o hear_v of_o till_o puny_a time_n than_o these_o this_o last_o will_v be_v grant_v viz._n that_o these_o several_a title_n of_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n be_v not_o know_v in_o parliament_n till_o of_o late_a time_n nevertheless_o it_o will_v be_v insist_v upon_o that_o the_o commons_o be_v then_o there_o the_o second_o will_v be_v grant_v but_o in_o part_n viz._n that_o the_o lord_n have_v much_o power_n in_o parliament_n in_o point_n of_o jurisdiction_n but_o neither_o the_o sole_a nor_o the_o whole_a the_o first_o be_v absolute_o deny_v neither_o be_v the_o same_o prove_v by_o any_o one_o instance_n or_o pregnant_a ground_n in_o all_o that_o book_n and_o therefore_o not_o clear_o demonstrate_v by_o history_n and_o record_n beyond_o contradiction_n as_o the_o title_n page_n of_o that_o book_n do_v hold_v forth_o to_o the_o world_n first_o because_o not_o one_o instance_n in_o all_o that_o book_n be_v exclusive_a to_o the_o commons_o and_o so_o the_o whole_a argument_n of_o the_o discourse_n will_v conclude_v ab_fw-la authoritate_fw-la negativa_fw-la which_o be_v no_o argument_n in_o humane_a testimony_n at_o all_o second_o the_o great_a number_n of_o instance_n in_o that_o book_n be_v by_o he_o suppose_v to_o concern_v parliament_n or_o general_a council_n of_o this_o nation_n hold_v by_o the_o representative_a thereof_o whereas_o indeed_o they_o be_v either_o but_o synodical_a convention_n for_o church_n matter_n whereunto_o the_o poor_a commons_o he_o well_o know_v may_v not_o come_v unless_o in_o danger_n of_o the_o canon_n dint_n or_o if_o they_o do_v yet_o have_v no_o other_o work_n there_o then_o to_o hear_v learn_v and_o receive_v law_n from_o the_o ecclesiastic_n and_o the_o lord_n themselves_o though_o present_a yet_o under_o no_o other_o notion_n be_v they_o then_o as_o council_n to_o the_o king_n who_o they_o can_v not_o cast_v out_o of_o their_o council_n till_o after_o age_n though_o they_o often_o endeavour_v it_o three_o the_o author_n of_o that_o tractate_n also_o well_o know_v that_o king_n usual_o make_v grant_n and_o infeodation_n by_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n without_o the_o aid_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o true_a that_o king_n with_o the_o lord_n do_v in_o their_o several_a age_n exercise_v ordinary_o jurisdiction_n in_o case_n of_o distributive_a justice_n especial_o after_o the_o norman_a entrance_n for_o the_o step_n be_v easy_a from_o be_v commander_n in_o war_n to_o be_v lord_n in_o peace_n but_o hard_o to_o lay_v down_o that_o power_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o justice_n which_o they_o have_v usurp_v in_o the_o rude_a time_n of_o the_o sword_n when_o man_n labour_v for_o life_n rather_o than_o liberty_n and_o no_o less_o difficult_a to_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o their_o deportment_n in_o command_v of_o soldier_n and_o govern_v of_o countryman_n till_o peace_n by_o continuance_n have_v reduce_v they_o to_o a_o little_a more_o sobriety_n nor_o do_v it_o seem_v irrational_a that_o private_a difference_n between_o party_n and_o party_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o a_o more_o private_a way_n then_o to_o trouble_v the_o whole_a representative_a of_o the_o kingdom_n with_o matter_n of_o so_o mean_a concernment_n if_o then_o those_o council_n mention_v by_o the_o author_n which_o concern_v the_o king_n grant_n and_o infeodation_n and_o matter_n of_o judicature_n be_v take_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o precedent_n bring_v by_o he_o to_o maintain_v the_o thing_n aim_v at_o i_o suppose_v scarce_o one_o stone_n will_v be_v leave_v for_o a_o foundation_n to_o such_o a_o glory_v structure_n as_o be_v pretend_v in_o the_o title_n page_n of_o that_o book_n and_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o where_o such_o occasion_n have_v befall_v the_o parliament_n sit_v it_o have_v close_v with_o they_o as_o thing_n take_v up_o by_o the_o way_n four_o it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o author_n have_v also_o observe_v that_o all_o the_o record_n of_o antiquity_n pass_v through_o if_o not_o from_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o clergy_n only_o and_o they_o may_v think_v it_o sufficient_a for_o they_o to_o honour_v their_o write_n with_o the_o great_a title_n of_o man_n of_o dignity_n in_o the_o church_n and_o commonwealth_n omit_v the_o commons_o as_o not_o worthy_a of_o mention_n and_o yet_o they_o may_v be_v there_o then_o present_a as_o it_o will_v appear_v they_o be_v in_o some_o of_o the_o particular_a instance_n ensue_v to_o which_o we_o come_v now_o in_o a_o more_o punctual_a consideration_n the_o first_o of_o these_o by_o his_o own_o word_n appear_v to_o be_v a_o church-mote_n or_o synod_n it_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 673._o call_v by_o the_o archbishop_n who_o have_v no_o more_o power_n to_o summon_v a_o parliament_n than_o the_o author_n himself_o have_v and_o the_o several_a conclusion_n make_v therein_o do_v all_o show_v that_o the_o people_n have_v no_o work_n
part_n of_o the_o county_n and_o this_o be_v ancient_o tear_v sheriff_n tear_v and_o now_o be_v call_v the_o sheriff_n tear_v which_o simple_o consider_v be_v but_o a_o hundred_o court_n 16._o miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sec._n 16._o or_o the_o sheriff_n tear_v to_o keep_v the_o hundred_o court_n it_o be_v order_v to_o be_v keep_v twice_o every_o year_n viz._n at_o the_o lady_n day_n and_o michaelmas_n 35_o ll._n edgar_n cap._n 5_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 35_o or_o soon_o after_o unto_o this_o court_n all_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o hundred_o repair_v and_o there_o they_o the_o bishop_n and_o sheriff_n execute_v the_o same_o power_n and_o work_v for_o kind_n that_o they_o do_v in_o the_o county_n court_n 17._o ll._n canut_n p._n 2._o cap._n 17._o in_o this_o court_n all_o the_o suit_n in_o the_o hundred_o court_n depend_v have_v their_o determination_n and_o other_o have_v their_o commencement_n and_o proceed_n as_o well_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o other_o some_o have_v conceive_v it_o to_o be_v a_o county_n court_n or_o superior_a thereto_o but_o there_o be_v no_o ground_n thereof_o i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o visitation_n of_o the_o county_n by_o parcel_n or_o in_o circuit_n chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o county_n into_o hundred_o and_o the_o officer_n and_o court_n thereto_o belong_v county_n be_v too_o great_a to_o meet_v upon_o every_o occasion_n and_o every_o occasion_n too_o mean_a to_o put_v the_o whole_a county_n to_o that_o charge_n and_o trouble_v and_o this_o induce_v subdivision_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v that_o of_o the_o hundred_o now_o and_o also_o ancient_o so_o call_v but_o as_o ancient_a if_o not_o more_o be_v the_o name_n pagus_n for_o the_o historian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o german_n in_o the_o execute_n of_o their_o law_n tacitus_n tacitus_n a_o hundred_o of_o the_o free_a man_n join_v with_o the_o chief_a lord_n per_fw-la pagos_fw-la vicosque_fw-la and_o in_o raise_v of_o force_n one_o hundred_o be_v select_v ex_fw-la singulis_fw-la pagis_fw-la which_o first_o be_v call_v centenarii_fw-la or_o hundreder_n from_o their_o number_n but_o use_v for_o a_o title_n of_o honour_n like_o the_o triarii_n and_o as_o a_o second_o hereunto_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o testimony_n of_o the_o council_n at_o berkhamsted_n which_o speak_v of_o the_o reduction_n of_o suit_n from_o the_o king_n court_n ad_fw-la pagi_fw-la vel_fw-la loci_fw-la praepositum_fw-la in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v render_v to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o hundred_o or_o burrough_n and_o at_o this_o day_n in_o germany_n their_o country_n be_v divide_v into_o circuit_n call_v centen_a or_o canton_n and_o centengriecht_a and_o the_o hundredere_fw-la they_o call_v centgraven_v or_o hundred_o chief_n 13._o cluer_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 13._o whether_o for_o government_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n or_o for_o command_v in_o time_n of_o war_n the_o late_a whereof_o the_o word_n wapentake_n do_v not_o a_o little_a favour_n among_o these_o one_o be_v per_fw-la eminentiam_fw-la call_v the_o centgrave_n or_o lord_n of_o the_o hundred_o and_o thereunto_o elect_v by_o the_o free_a man_n of_o that_o hundred_o and_o unto_o who_o they_o grant_v a_o stipend_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o rent_n 54._o malmesb._n reg._n gest_n p_o 54._o call_v hundredsettena_n together_o with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o same_o the_o division_n of_o the_o county_n in_o this_o manner_n be_v do_v by_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n who_o be_v the_o sole_a judge_n thereof_o if_o polydore_v testimony_n may_v be_v admit_v and_o it_o may_v seem_v most_o likely_a that_o they_o rule_v their_o division_n at_o the_o first_o according_a to_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o do_v occasion_n the_o great_a inequality_n of_o the_o hundred_o at_o this_o day_n the_o government_n of_o the_o hundred_o rest_v at_o the_o first_o upon_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o hundredar_n but_o afterward_o by_o alfred_n they_o be_v find_v inconvenient_a 4._o ll._n alured_n cap._n 4._o because_o of_o the_o multitude_n and_o reduce_v to_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o bailiff_n and_o twelve_o of_o the_o hundred_o and_o these_o twelve_o be_v to_o be_v swear_v neither_o to_o condemn_v the_o innocent_a nor_o acquit_v the_o nocent_a this_o be_v the_o hundred_o court_n which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v once_o every_o month_n and_o it_o be_v a_o mix_a court_n of_o common_a plea_n and_o crown_v plea_n 20_o ll._n edw._n 35_o ll._n aetheldr_n 1._o ll._n aethelst_n 20_o for_o the_o saxon_a law_n order_n that_o in_o it_o there_o shall_v be_v do_v justice_n to_o thief_n and_o the_o trial_n in_o divers_a case_n in_o that_o court_n be_v by_o ordeale_n their_o common_a plea_n be_v case_n of_o a_o middle_a nature_n as_o well_o concern_v ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o thing_n as_o secular_a 32_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 32_o for_o the_o great_a matter_n be_v by_o commission_n or_o the_o king_n write_v remove_v as_o i_o former_o observe_v saxon._n ll._n aetheldr_n cap._n 1._o lindenbrog_n ll._n allm._n &_o saxon._n all_o freeholder_n be_v bind_v to_o present_v themselves_o hereat_o and_o no_o soon_o do_v the_o defendant_n appear_v but_o he_o answer_v the_o matter_n charge_v against_o he_o and_o judgement_n pass_v before_o the_o court_n adjourn_v except_o in_o case_n where_o immediate_a proof_n be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v albeit_o it_o be_v hold_v unreasonable_a in_o those_o day_n to_o hold_v so_o hasty_a process_n and_o therefore_o the_o archb._n of_o york_n prefer_v the_o ecclesiastical_a or_o canonical_a way_n before_o this_o last_o in_o their_o meeting_n 155._o council_n brit._n p._n 273._o tacitus_n glossar_n 155._o as_o well_o at_o the_o hundred_o as_o county_n court_n they_o retain_v their_o ancient_a way_n of_o come_v arm_v chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o hundred_o into_o decennary_n this_o be_v the_o last_o subdivision_n of_o the_o county_n and_o that_o rest_v upon_o the_o person_n and_o it_o be_v either_o not_o at_o all_o or_o not_o so_o observable_a as_o to_o be_v worthy_a of_o the_o roman_a story_n and_o therefore_o may_v rather_o be_v think_v a_o extract_n from_o moses_n law_n introduce_v by_o alfred_n or_o his_o direction_n i_o say_v this_o rest_v on_o the_o person_n and_o not_o upon_o the_o place_n for_o though_o the_o centeners_n be_v comprehend_v with_o certain_a bound_n yet_o the_o decenner_n be_v not_o limit_v but_o only_o within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o hundred_o and_o of_o these_o also_o it_o appear_v to_o i_o there_o be_v divers_a sort_n for_o such_o matter_n of_o controversy_n that_o do_v arise_v among_o the_o decenner_n if_o of_o great_a moment_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o chief_a justice_n which_o be_v appoint_v super_fw-la decem_fw-la decanes_fw-la which_o i_o conceive_v be_v ten_o chief_a pledge_n and_o these_o may_v bear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o centeners_n although_o they_o be_v not_o the_o centgraven_v and_o the_o rather_o i_o incline_v thereto_o because_o in_o all_o probability_n there_o must_v needs_o be_v above_o one_o hundred_o freeholder_n in_o hundredo_n and_o all_o free_a man_n be_v decenner_n 19_o ll._n canut_n c._n 19_o that_o be_v rank_v into_o several_a ten_o each_o one_o be_v pledge_n for_o other_o good_a bear_n and_o in_o case_n of_o default_n to_o answer_v it_o before_o the_o judge_n and_o in_o case_n of_o default_n of_o appearance_n his_o nine_o pledge_n shall_v have_v one_o and_o thirty_o day_n to_o bring_v the_o delinquent_n forth_o to_o justice_n if_o this_o fail_v than_o the_o chief_a of_o those_o decenner_n by_o the_o vote_n of_o that_o and_o the_o neighbour_n decennary_n be_v to_o purge_v himself_o and_o his_o fellow_n pledge_n both_o of_o the_o guilt_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o of_o be_v party_n to_o the_o flight_n of_o the_o delinquent_n and_o if_o they_o can_v not_o this_o do_v than_o be_v they_o by_o their_o own_o oath_n to_o acquit_v themselves_o and_o to_o bind_v themselves_o to_o bring_v the_o delinquent_n to_o justice_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o can_v &_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o pay_v the_o damage_n out_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o delinquent_n and_o if_o that_o be_v not_o sufficient_a then_o out_o of_o their_o own_o estate_n but_o if_o the_o delinquent_n estate_n be_v sufficient_a the_o surplusage_n thereof_o remain_v with_o the_o pledge_n and_o last_o the_o master_n of_o the_o family_n be_v a_o pledge_n for_o his_o whole_a family_n 28_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 15_o ll._n canut_n c._n 28_o this_o be_v the_o law_n of_o decenner_n and_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v somewhat_o a_o rigorous_a law_n not_o only_o in_o case_n of_o delinquency_n but_o also_o for_o their_o abode_n for_o none_o of_o they_o may_v depart_v from_o their_o dwell_n without_o consent_n of_o his_o fellow_n pledge_n 15._o ll._n alured_n cap._n 33._o ll._n canut_n p._n 2._o cap._n
appellant_n and_o defendant_n whereas_o ordeale_o rest_v only_o upon_o the_o single_a conscience_n of_o the_o defendant_n which_o oftentimes_o be_v rather_o hardy_a then_o innocent_a and_o the_o continuance_n of_o this_o trial_n in_o title_n even_o at_o this_o day_n show_v that_o man_n can_v away_o with_o this_o and_o that_o there_o be_v not_o evil_a sufficient_a in_o it_o to_o eradicate_v this_o weed_n although_o it_o be_v keep_v under_o ground_n partly_o because_o its_o fatal_a and_o partly_o because_o both_o scripture_n and_o experience_n show_v that_o right_a and_o victory_n always_o do_v not_o concur_v chap._n xxxviii_o of_o the_o ordinary_a manner_n of_o trial_n among_o the_o saxon_n by_o inquest_n the_o last_o and_o most_o ordinary_a way_n of_o trial_n be_v by_o witness_n upon_o travers_n of_o the_o matter_n in_o fact_n before_o the_o juror_n inquest_n inquest_n and_o their_o vote_n thereupon_o this_o make_v the_o verdict_n and_o it_o determine_v the_o matter_n in_o fact_n in_o former_a time_n questionless_a it_o be_v a_o confuse_a manner_n of_o trial_n by_o vote_n of_o the_o whole_a multitude_n which_o make_v the_o verdict_n hard_o to_o be_v discern_v but_o time_n teach_v they_o better_a advice_n to_o bring_v the_o voter_n to_o a_o certain_a number_n according_a to_o the_o grecian_a way_n who_o determine_v controversy_n by_o the_o suffrage_n of_o four_o and_o thirty_o or_o the_o major_a part_n of_o they_o emmius_n emmius_n but_o how_o the_o number_n come_v to_o be_v reduce_v to_o twelve_o i_o can_v conjecture_v unless_o in_o imitation_n of_o that_o rule_n of_o compurgator_n that_o ordinary_o exceed_v not_o that_o number_n the_o first_o law_n that_o define_v this_o number_n be_v that_o of_o aetheldred_n about_o 300_o year_n before_o the_o conquest_n in_o singulis_fw-la centuris_fw-la etc._n etc._n lamb._n an._n 675._o ll._n sax._n lamb._n in_o english_a thus_o in_o every_o century_n or_o hundred_o let_v there_o be_v a_o court_n and_o let_v twelve_o ancient_a free_a man_n together_o with_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o hundred_o be_v swear_v that_o they_o will_v not_o condemn_v the_o innocent_a nor_o acquit_v the_o guilty_a and_o this_o be_v so_o strict_o eye_v that_o alfred_n put_v one_o of_o his_o judge_n to_o death_n for_o pass_a sentence_n upon_o a_o verdict_n corrupt_o obtain_v upon_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o juror_n 1._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o whereof_o three_o of_o the_o twelve_o be_v in_o the_o negative_a and_o the_o same_o king_n put_v another_o of_o his_o judge_n to_o death_n for_o pass_v sentence_n of_o death_n upon_o a_o ignoramus_fw-la return_v by_o the_o jury_n and_o a_o three_o for_o condemn_v a_o man_n upon_o a_o inquest_n take_v ex_fw-la officio_fw-la when_o as_o the_o delinquent_n have_v not_o put_v himself_o upon_o their_o trial_n but_o the_o saxon_n be_v yet_o more_o careful_a of_o the_o credit_n and_o life_n of_o man_n juries_n two_o juries_n for_o no_o man_n life_n or_o credit_n rest_v altogether_o upon_o the_o cast_n of_o twelve_o opinion_n but_o first_o twelve_o man_n inquire_v of_o the_o fame_n and_o ground_n thereof_o which_o if_o like_v render_v the_o party_n under_o the_o spot_n of_o delinquency_n and_o meet_v to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o under_o the_o suspicion_n of_o the_o law_n who_o former_o be_v but_o under_o the_o suspect_n of_o some_o particular_a man_n and_o then_o be_v a_o second_o enquiry_n of_o the_o fact_n if_o the_o party_n traverse_v the_o vote_n of_o fame_n in_o both_o which_o trial_n the_o verdict_n ground_v itself_o upon_o those_o allegata_fw-la and_o probata_fw-la which_o be_v before_o they_o the_o first_o of_o these_o inquiry_n be_v before_o the_o coroner_n who_o even_o in_o those_o old_a day_n have_v the_o view_n of_o bloodshed_n the_o second_o be_v have_v before_o the_o judge_n of_o life_n and_o death_n neither_o of_o which_o can_v legal_o endamage_v the_o party_n without_o the_o other_o unless_o the_o judge_n mean_v to_o answer_v it_o with_o the_o peril_n of_o his_o own_o person_n and_o estate_n as_o it_o befall_v in_o alfred_n time_n when_o as_o a_o judge_n suffer_v death_n for_o pass_a sentence_n upon_o the_o coroner_n only_o record_v unto_o which_o a_o replication_n be_v allow_v 1._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o as_o the_o book_n say_v and_o another_o judge_n have_v the_o same_o measure_n for_o condemn_v one_o without_o appeal_n or_o indictment_n forego_v where_o by_o the_o way_n i_o may_v note_v another_o difference_n between_o appeal_v and_o indictment_n 11._o miror_fw-la cap._n 2._o sec._n 11._o in_o this_o that_o appeal_v be_v and_o be_v the_o more_o speedy_a trial_n than_o indictment_n in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a be_v but_o one_o act_n the_o late_a two_n linguae_fw-la medietas_fw-la linguae_fw-la and_o yet_o time_n and_o experience_n refine_v this_o way_n of_o trial_n into_o a_o more_o excellent_a condition_n for_o the_o bloody_a time_n of_o the_o saxon_n first_o age_n pass_v over_o and_o peace_n arise_v by_o degree_n they_o together_o with_o the_o briton_n begin_v to_o intercomon_v and_o about_o the_o march_n become_v a_o mix_a people_n under_o a_o mixture_n of_o government_n and_o law_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v among_o which_o one_o concern_v their_o way_n of_o trial_n of_o matter_n in_o fact_n by_o a_o jury_n mix_v both_o of_o briton_n and_o saxon_n lamb._n ll._n aetheldr_n cap._n 3._o lamb._n which_o be_v settle_v by_o a_o law_n make_v by_o aetheldred_n viri_fw-la sint_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o english_a thus_o let_v there_o be_v twelve_o man_n of_o understanding_n in_o the_o law_n six_o of_o they_o english_a and_z six_z welsh_z and_o let_v they_o deal_v justice_n both_o to_o english_a and_o welsh_a the_o equity_n of_o this_o law_n in_o future_a age_n spread_v itself_o into_o all_o trial_n of_o foreigner_n in_o every_o place_n throughout_o this_o island_n unto_o such_o as_o stumble_v at_o this_o conceit_n because_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v aetate_fw-la superiores_fw-la and_o jure_fw-la consulti_fw-la i_o shall_v only_o note_v thus_o much_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o the_o work_n of_o juror_n require_v chief_a man_n both_o for_o experience_n and_o knowledge_n in_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n to_o enable_v they_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o matter_n in_o fact_n and_o upon_o who_o judgement_n the_o life_n and_o death_n of_o the_o party_n rest_v principal_o and_o as_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o those_o juror_n as_o they_o be_v then_o chief_a man_n so_o they_o sit_v in_o the_o most_o eminent_a place_n of_o the_o assembly_n or_o court_n and_o be_v coassessor_n with_o the_o bishop_n and_o sheriff_n who_o do_v serve_v but_o only_o to_o advise_v the_o rest_n and_o they_o or_o one_o of_o they_o to_o publish_v the_o sentence_n which_o the_o law_n predetermine_v and_o this_o chief_a place_n the_o juror_n may_v have_v possess_v at_o this_o day_n as_o they_o do_v in_o sweden_n have_v the_o chief_a man_n hold_v the_o service_n still_o worthy_a of_o their_o attendance_n but_o great_a man_n grow_v too_o great_a in_o their_o own_o esteem_n for_o the_o service_n of_o their_o country_n peer_n peer_n betake_v themselves_o to_o serve_v themselves_o and_o matter_n of_o high_a employment_n be_v leave_v to_o those_o of_o the_o mean_a condition_n who_o be_v in_o their_o own_o person_n of_o less_o admiration_n be_v think_v unmeet_a to_o sit_v in_o such_o eminent_a place_n and_o so_o from_o the_o bench_n descend_v to_o the_o floor_n as_o at_o this_o day_n this_o desidiousnesse_n of_o the_o great_a sort_n make_v one_o step_n further_o to_o the_o full_a perfection_n of_o that_o manner_n of_o trial_n both_o of_o the_o person_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o english_a which_o have_v be_v the_o envy_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o be_v call_v the_o trial_n per_fw-la pares_fw-la or_o by_o peer_n for_o the_o pride_n of_o the_o dane_n now_o grow_v into_o one_o people_n with_o the_o saxon_n not_o endure_v such_o fellowship_n with_o the_o mean_a saxon_a free_a man_n in_o this_o public_a service_n and_o the_o wise_a saxon_a king_n espy_v the_o danger_n in_o betru_v the_o life_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o poor_a sort_n unto_o the_o dictate_v of_o these_o superbient_fw-la humour_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o prostitute_v the_o noble_a blood_n unto_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o inferior_a rank_n of_o man_n provide_v a_o three_o way_n and_o by_o agreement_n between_o he_o and_o gunthurne_v the_o dane_n settle_v the_o law_n of_o peer_n alured_n ll._n alured_n si_fw-mi minister_n regius_fw-la etc._n etc._n if_o a_o lord_n or_o baron_n be_v accuse_v of_o homicide_n he_o shall_v be_v acquit_v by_o twelve_o lord_n but_o if_o of_o inferior_a rank_n 499._o council_n brit._n foe_o 499._o he_o shall_v be_v acquit_v by_o eleven_o of_o his_o equal_n and_o one_o lord_n thus_o god_n providence_n dispose_v of_o the_o pride_n of_o man_n to_o be_v a_o
conceive_v to_o be_v for_o the_o public_a benefit_n viz._n either_o for_o the_o preparation_n or_o maintenance_n of_o public_a war_n for_o in_o such_o case_n it_o have_v be_v in_o all_o time_n hold_v unreasonable_a that_o those_o who_o person_n be_v employ_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o war_n shall_v hold_v land_n double_o charge_v to_o the_o same_o service_n viz._n to_o the_o defray_n of_o their_o own_o private_a expense_n in_o the_o war_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o public_a charge_n of_o the_o same_o war_n beside_o chap._n liii_o of_o divers_a law_n make_v concern_v the_o execution_n of_o justice_n although_o in_o proceed_n in_o case_n of_o vindicative_a justice_n delinquent_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v leave_v rather_o to_o the_o fury_n then_o mercy_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o so_o long_o as_o man_n be_v under_o the_o law_n and_o not_o without_o the_o law_n it_o have_v be_v always_o hold_v a_o part_n of_o justice_n to_o extend_v what_o moderation_n may_v possible_o stand_v with_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o law_n and_o that_o otherwise_o a_o over_o rigid_a and_o fierce_a prosecution_n of_o the_o guilty_a be_v no_o less_o tyranny_n than_o the_o persecution_n of_o the_o not_o guilty_a and_o although_o violence_n be_v the_o proper_a vice_n of_o these_o time_n yet_o this_o point_n of_o honour_n must_v be_v give_v to_o the_o norman_n that_o their_o sword_n have_v eye_n and_o move_v not_o altogether_o by_o rage_n but_o by_o reason_n no_o sentence_n shall_v pass_v but_o upon_o averment_n of_o the_o complaint_n by_o accuser_n or_o witness_n produce_v 5._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 5._o fine_a and_o pledge_n shall_v be_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o offence_n paris_n ll._n hen._n 1._o m._n paris_n by_o these_o two_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o the_o subject_n be_v deliver_v from_o three_o great_a oppression_n first_o in_o make_v they_o offender_n without_o complaint_n or_o witness_n second_o in_o impose_v immoderate_a fine_n last_o in_o urge_v extraordinary_a bail_n forfeiture_n of_o felon_n land_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n 261_o miror_fw-la foe_n 261_o the_o norman_n have_v reduce_v the_o saxon_a law_n in_o this_o case_n unto_o their_o own_o last_o which_o stretch_v their_o desire_n as_o far_o as_o the_o estate_n will_v bear_v but_o this_o be_v so_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o immediate_a lord_n who_o be_v no_o offender_n in_o this_o case_n and_o so_o contrary_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n it_o be_v both_o do_v and_o undo_v in_o a_o short_a space_n by_o the_o allowance_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o intent_n of_o criminal_a offence_n manifest_v by_o act_n punish_v by_o fine_a or_o mulct_n this_o by_o alfred_n law_n be_v punish_v by_o talioes_n law_n 254._o miror_fw-la foe_n 254._o but_o now_o by_o a_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o reduce_v to_o mulct_n mainperner_n be_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o principal_n unless_o they_o be_v party_n or_o privy_n to_o the_o fail_v of_o the_o principal_a this_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o repeal_v the_o former_a law_n of_o canutus_n which_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v rigorous_a 141._o miror_fw-la foe_n 141._o although_o not_o altogether_o without_o reason_n no_o person_n shall_v be_v imprison_v for_o commit_v of_o mortal_a crime_n unless_o first_o he_o be_v attaint_v by_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n 5._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 5._o by_o imprisonment_n be_v intend_v close_a imprisonment_n or_o imprisonment_n without_o bail_n or_o mainprize_n for_o otherwise_o its_o apparent_a that_o as_o well_o by_o the_o saxon_a as_o norman_a law_n man_n be_v bring_v to_o trial_n by_o restraint_n appeal_v of_o murder_n restrain_v within_o the_o four_o degree_n before_o this_o law_n appeal_v be_v bring_v by_o any_o of_o the_o blood_n or_o kin_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v 7._o miror_fw-la cap._n 2._o sec._n 7._o but_o now_o by_o henry_n the_o first_o restrain_v the_o ground_n seem_v to_o be_v for_o that_o affection_n that_o run_v with_o the_o blood_n grow_v so_o cold_a beyond_o the_o four_o degree_n that_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n be_v of_o so_o small_a account_n as_o can_v it_o scarce_o be_v repute_v a_o loss_n of_o such_o consequence_n to_o the_o party_n as_o to_o expose_v the_o life_n or_o price_n of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o manslayer_n unto_o the_o claim_n of_o such_o a_o one_o and_o thus_o the_o saxon_a law_n that_o give_v the_o satisfaction_n in_o such_o case_n to_o the_o whole_a kindred_n become_v limit_v to_o the_o four_o degree_n as_o i_o conceive_v from_o the_o ecclesiastical_a constitution_n concern_v marriage_n two_o thing_n more_o concern_v juridical_a proceed_n may_v be_v note_v the_o one_o concern_v speedy_a course_n of_o justice_n wherein_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o justify_v the_o saxon_a way_n but_o can_v never_o attain_v to_o their_o pace_n in_o regard_n they_o yield_v so_o much_o time_n to_o summons_n essoine_n etc._n etc._n the_o other_o concern_v election_n of_o judge_n by_o the_o party_n for_o this_o we_o find_v in_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o chap._n liv._o of_o the_o militia_n during_o the_o norman_n time_n the_o power_n of_o militia_n be_v either_o the_o legislative_a or_o executory_a power_n the_o legislative_a power_n without_o contradiction_n rest_v in_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o who_o it_o belong_v to_o establish_v law_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o this_o will_v appear_v in_o the_o preparation_n for_o war_n the_o levy_n of_o war_n and_o manage_v thereof_o after_o its_o levy_a for_o the_o preparation_n it_o consist_v in_o levy_v man_n and_o munition_n or_o of_o money_n in_o all_o which_o questionless_a will_v be_v a_o difference_n between_o raise_v of_o war_n by_o a_o king_n to_o revenge_v a_o personal_a injury_n do_v to_o the_o king_n own_o person_n and_o a_o war_n raise_v by_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o representative_a body_n thereof_o which_o be_v common_o do_v in_o defence_n of_o public_a interest_n and_o seldom_o in_o any_o offensive_a way_n unless_o in_o recovery_n of_o a_o right_a of_o possession_n either_o former_o lose_v or_o as_o yet_o not_o full_o settle_v now_o although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o seldom_o do_v injury_n reflect_v upon_o the_o king_n person_n alone_o but_o that_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v concern_v therein_o to_o endeavour_v a_o remedy_n yet_o because_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o otherwise_o king_n have_v be_v occasion_v to_o leafy_a war_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n but_o in_o such_o case_n can_v neither_o compel_v the_o person_n of_o his_o subject_n or_o their_o estate_n to_o be_v contributory_a and_o of_o this_o nature_n i_o take_v the_o war_n levy_v by_o harold_n against_o the_o conqueror_n to_o be_v wherein_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v never_o engage_v nor_o therefore_o do_v it_o feel_v the_o dint_n of_o the_o conqueror_n sword_n at_o all_o and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o militia_n must_v be_v allow_v to_o such_o as_o bear_v the_o purse_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v conclude_v to_o be_v the_o militia_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o any_o part_n thereof_o although_o it_o may_v connive_v thereat_o but_o to_o set_v this_o consideration_n aside_o as_o not_o coincident_a at_o all_o with_o the_o norman_a engagement_n after_o they_o be_v crown_v and_o to_o take_v all_o the_o subsequent_a war_n to_o be_v mere_o defensive_a of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o in_o sober_a construction_n they_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v as_o touch_v the_o levy_n of_o money_n its_o evident_a that_o it_o lay_v only_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o otherwise_o the_o law_n be_v settle_v that_o no_o tax_n shall_v be_v make_v or_o take_v but_o such_o as_o be_v due_a in_o the_o confessor_n time_n as_o former_o have_v be_v show_v second_o for_o the_o prepare_n of_o man_n and_o munition_n it_o be_v do_v either_o by_o tenure_n or_o by_o special_a law_n as_o touch_v tenure_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o way_n of_o contract_n that_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n shall_v be_v ready_a with_o their_o arm_n to_o assist_v the_o king_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n so_o as_o they_o be_v not_o bind_v by_o their_o tenure_n to_o aid_v he_o in_o any_o other_o case_n 57_o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 57_o other_o be_v also_o by_o especial_a law_n of_o the_o land_n bind_v to_o be_v ready_a for_o their_o service_n in_o that_o kind_n for_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o kingdom_n hold_v their_o estate_n under_o a_o general_a service_n which_o by_o common_a right_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v viz._n in_o time_n of_o danger_n to_o join_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n this_o be_v the_o common_a fealty_n or_o allegiance_n which_o all_o man_n owe_v 59_o ll._n gulielm_n c._n 59_o and_o
ground_n of_o the_o heir_n who_o be_v a_o woman_n disadvantage_v by_o a_o whisper_n of_o wilfulness_n and_o customary_a government_n like_o a_o empress_n which_o be_v too_o high_a a_o sail_n for_o a_o english_a bottom_n wherein_o so_o precious_a a_o treasure_n as_o the_o subject_n liberty_n be_v to_o be_v ship_v thus_o provide_v steven_n step_v up_o to_o the_o english_a throne_n and_o with_o protestation_n of_o good_a government_n enter_v and_o make_v up_o the_o match_n both_o for_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n the_o people_n wave_v the_o title_n both_o of_o empress_n and_o heir_n the_o pretension_n of_o the_o e._n of_o bloys_n elder_a brother_n to_o steven_n give_v way_n to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n to_o fasten_v root_n and_o gather_v recompense_n after_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o norman_a blast_n be_v out_o of_o breath_n thus_o make_v way_n over_o hedge_n and_o ditch_n of_o all_o oath_n till_o the_o king_n be_v quiet_o settle_v in_o the_o throne_n quiet_o say_v i_o that_o i_o must_v retract_v for_o he_o never_o have_v quiet_a during_o his_o life_n though_o general_o be_v victorious_a and_o do_v as_o much_o as_o a_o king_n can_v do_v that_o have_v the_o passion_n of_o a_o man_n and_o soldier_n to_o give_v the_o subject_n content_a the_o true_a cause_n whereof_o be_v a_o error_n in_o the_o tie_n of_o the_o knot_n wherein_o he_o neither_o become_v they_o nor_o they_o he_o for_o the_o fealty_n that_o be_v swear_v to_o he_o be_v but_o conditional_a and_o eousque_fw-la and_o yet_o the_o king_n promise_n be_v absolute_a and_o better_o observe_v then_o the_o people_n be_v possible_o because_o his_o engagement_n be_v more_o for_o beside_o his_o protestation_n the_o king_n pledge_v his_o brother_n the_o legate_n to_o the_o people_n and_o mortgage_v himself_o to_o his_o brother_n and_o to_o boot_n give_v both_o to_o the_o clergy_n and_o baron_n liberty_n to_o build_v and_o hold_v castle_n for_o their_o private_a security_n the_o issue_n 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the_o schism_n in_o the_o popedom_n between_o victor_n the_o four_o and_o alexander_n the_o three_o and_o very_o unfitting_a all_o be_v to_o dispute_v the_o point_n of_o prerogative_n with_o so_o mighty_a a_o prince_n and_o it_o be_v the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n to_o order_v his_o affair_n so_o as_o that_o he_o be_v not_o very_o fit_a to_o dispute_v with_o the_o people_n in_o that_o case_n for_o his_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n be_v not_o very_o excellent_a be_v neither_o heir_n to_o the_o last_o king_n that_o reign_v nor_o to_o the_o last_o of_o that_o title_n i_o mean_v to_o henry_n the_o first_o but_o son_n only_o to_o the_o empress_n who_o be_v now_o alive_a and_o by_o descent_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o all_o other_o his_o title_n therefore_o be_v clear_o by_o compact_n and_o agreement_n make_v between_o the_o lord_n king_n steven_n and_o himself_o all_o be_v then_o ready_a to_o try_v the_o right_n by_o the_o sword_n to_o that_o to_o which_o none_o of_o they_o have_v any_o 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nothing_o of_o a_o king_n thereby_o his_o way_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o church_n man_n down_o that_o have_v during_o his_o predecessor_n time_n grow_v whether_o more_o obstinate_a against_o the_o king_n or_o insolent_a over_o the_o people_n be_v hard_o to_o judge_v and_o in_o this_o he_o have_v the_o people_n to_o friend_n and_o may_v have_v prevail_v much_o more_o than_o he_o do_v but_o that_o the_o people_n fear_v the_o threat_n of_o rome_n more_o than_o he_o and_o himself_o if_o not_o guilty_a of_o becket_n death_n more_o the_o conceit_n of_o fame_n then_o there_o be_v cause_n these_o concur_v with_o unnatural_a trouble_n from_o most_o unthankful_a son_n make_v that_o spirit_n of_o he_o to_o fail_v that_o former_o know_v no_o peer_n as_o it_o be_v often_o see_v that_o the_o most_o generous_a spirit_n be_v soon_o quell_v with_o shame_n and_o grief_n then_o with_o fear_n of_o any_o danger_n whatsoever_o towards_o his_o lay-subject_n he_o be_v more_o regardant_a for_o the_o settle_n of_o law_n and_o execute_v of_o justice_n so_o as_o some_o have_v think_v he_o the_o first_o womb_n of_o our_o english_a law_n other_o more_z true_o the_o first_o maecenas_n since_o the_o conquest_n that_o bring_v on_o the_o spring_n time_n of_o a_o settle_a commonweal_n and_o thereof_o leave_v this_o fair_a testimony_n by_o his_o put_v forth_o that_o primrose_n of_o english_a law_n under_o the_o name_n of_o glanvill_n let_v all_o man_n know_v that_o thenceforth_o england_n will_v no_o more_o vale_n itself_o in_o a_o unknown_a law_n but_o explain_v itself_o unto_o the_o world_n to_o be_v a_o regular_a government_n such_o be_v the_o king_n idea_n yet_o be_v he_o touch_v with_o so_o much_o of_o the_o common_a infirmity_n of_o king_n as_o show_v he_o to_o be_v a_o man_n especial_o in_o his_o old_a
the_o conquest_n and_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o these_o several_a king_n under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n i_o shall_v comprehend_v all_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o great_a eminency_n for_o birth_n or_o wisdom_n and_o learning_n and_o advancement_n into_o place_n of_o government_n and_o honour_n these_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n the_o flower_n of_o the_o people_n flourish_v only_o from_o the_o honour_n that_o ascend_v from_o beneath_o their_o deportment_n then_o be_v full_a of_o cheer_n and_o safety_n to_o the_o people_n after_o that_o royalty_n spring_v up_o the_o influence_n thereof_o upon_o they_o exhale_v such_o a_o reciprocal_a interest_n back_o again_o as_o make_v they_o less_o regardful_a of_o their_o own_o root_n whereas_o we_o see_v the_o more_o mature_a flower_n be_v the_o more_o propence_n to_o turn_v head_n and_o look_v downward_o to_o their_o own_o original_n this_o distemper_n be_v yet_o much_o worse_o by_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n who_o nobility_n beside_o their_o title_n of_o honour_n in_o their_o own_o country_n obtain_v by_o custom_n such_o command_n and_o power_n among_o the_o mean_a sort_n be_v soldier_n under_o they_o in_o time_n of_o the_o service_n in_o the_o field_n that_o when_o the_o war_n have_v breathe_v out_o their_o last_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v forget_v or_o be_v very_o careful_a to_o lay_v aside_o this_o be_v observe_v by_o king_n and_o advantage_n espy_v to_o climb_v to_o the_o top_n of_o monarchy_n by_o the_o help_n of_o these_o great_a man_n who_o if_o they_o can_v make_v their_o own_o all_o will_v be_v they_o and_o wherein_o they_o have_v prevail_v much_o more_o than_o they_o do_v if_o they_o have_v be_v wise_a enough_o to_o have_v maintain_v they_o in_o unity_n but_o in_o that_o fail_n king_n be_v necessitate_v to_o take_v party_n and_o serve_v the_o nobility_n to_o save_v the_o main_a and_o thus_o continue_v they_o a_o considerable_a party_n in_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n from_o the_o norman_n for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o hundred_o year_n well_o nigh_o to_o the_o prejudice_n both_o of_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o king_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o commons_o and_o benefit_n of_o none_o but_o the_o lord_n who_o in_o those_o unquiet_a time_n be_v the_o chief_a commander_n in_o the_o field_n this_o error_n of_o king_n be_v soon_o espy_v but_o can_v not_o be_v avoid_v its_o natural_a to_o man_n to_o be_v proud_a and_o to_o such_o to_o fall_v into_o contention_n another_o course_n therefore_o be_v take_v viz._n to_o raise_v up_o some_o so_o high_a as_o may_v overtop_v all_o and_o keep_v they_o under_o nor_o be_v it_o altogether_o without_o reason_n for_o king_n be_v no_o ubiquitary_n and_o some_o must_v bear_v their_o power_n where_o they_o can_v be_v personal_o present_a yet_o it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o bestow_v too_o much_o upon_o one_o man_n for_o there_o be_v no_o man_n fit_v to_o be_v a_o king_n but_o himself_o that_o be_v a_o king_n and_o where_o king_n be_v immoderate_a in_o bestow_v power_n it_o many_o time_n work_v much_o woe_n to_o the_o people_n and_o not_o seldom_o sorrow_n to_o the_o king_n themselves_o the_o place_n of_o the_o chief_a justice_n be_v in_o show_v but_o one_o office_n yet_o in_o these_o time_n be_v in_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n lieutenant-generall_a throughout_o the_o kingdom_n a_o power_n and_o work_v too_o great_a for_o any_o one_o man_n in_o the_o world_n that_o can_v make_v no_o deputy_n to_o manage_v it_o 14._o hoveden_n 443_o 375._o nubr_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 14._o and_o yet_o in_o those_o time_n you_o shall_v meet_v with_o one_o man_n make_v up_o of_o a_o archbishop_n a_o legate_n and_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n or_o a_o bishop_n a_o lord_n chancellor_n a_o legate_n and_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o a_o strange_a kind_n of_o government_n must_v that_o needs_o be_v wherein_o the_o servant_n throne_n be_v above_o his_o master_n and_o a_o subject_n shall_v have_v a_o plenitudinary_a power_n beyond_o that_o which_o his_o lord_n and_o king_n be_v as_o the_o time_n than_o be_v be_v capable_a of_o by_o these_o and_o such_o like_a plurality_n the_o great_a man_n of_o england_n keep_v the_o commons_o below_o and_o themselves_o above_o and_o probable_o render_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n more_o aristocratical_a then_o in_o after_o age_n and_o if_o their_o personal_a authority_n be_v of_o such_o value_n how_o much_o rather_o in_o their_o joint_a assembly_n or_o court_n of_o council_n concern_v which_o i_o must_v agree_v that_o as_o in_o their_o original_n in_o germany_n they_o do_v consult_v and_o determine_v of_o the_o mean_a matter_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o matter_n concern_v property_n and_o therefore_o be_v in_o their_o most_o ordinary_a work_v meeting_n of_o judge_n or_o court_n of_o judicature_n and_o also_o matter_n of_o defensive_a war_n because_o themselves_o be_v the_o commander_n and_o last_o in_o matter_n of_o sudden_a concernment_n to_o the_o state_n not_o only_o to_o serve_v as_o eye_n to_o foresee_v but_o to_o provide_v also_o if_o they_o can_v or_o otherwise_o to_o call_v in_o the_o aid_n of_o the_o people_n advice_n so_o also_o they_o continue_v this_o course_n and_o it_o may_v be_v now_o and_o then_o as_o all_o counsel_n have_v do_v strain_v their_o endeavour_n beyond_o their_o reach_n especal_o since_o the_o norman_n entrance_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o they_o alone_o with_o the_o king_n and_o without_o the_o commons_o have_v make_v many_o law_n and_o constitution_n some_o of_o which_o now_o be_v call_v statute_n although_o many_o of_o they_o in_o truth_n be_v no_o other_o than_o rule_v for_o judicature_n which_o ordinary_a court_n may_v frame_v or_o judgement_n in_o particular_a case_n such_o as_o be_v the_o constitution_n at_o clarindon_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n and_o many_o other_o law_n which_o be_v report_v to_o be_v make_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o lord_n nor_o can_v i_o look_v upon_o such_o law_n otherwise_o then_o as_o upon_o judgement_n in_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o new_a point_n of_o controversy_n ground_v upon_o ancient_a ground_n which_o proper_o be_v not_o new_a law_n but_o the_o ancient_a rule_n apply_v to_o new_a particular_n and_o be_v so_o publish_v to_o the_o world_n may_v bear_v the_o name_n of_o law_n ordinance_n constitution_n or_o judgement_n the_o word_n statute_n be_v of_o late_a time_n take_v up_o and_o use_v in_o a_o more_o restrictive_a sense_n of_o which_o more_o in_o their_o due_a place_n now_o that_o this_o court_n be_v a_o settle_a court_n of_o judicature_n 1175._o hoveden_n an._n 1175._o and_o so_o use_v may_v appear_v in_o that_o fine_n be_v levy_v therein_o and_o writ_n of_o right_n determine_v as_o in_o that_o great_a case_n between_o the_o two_o king_n of_o navarr_n and_o castille_n ibid._n ibid._n refer_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o try_v in_o this_o court_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o trial_n be_v by_o plea_n and_o if_o need_v whereby_o battle_n the_o judge_n in_o this_o court_n be_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n for_o the_o entry_n of_o judgement_n in_o that_o great_a case_n be_v thus_o comites_fw-la &_o barones_n regalis_fw-la curiae_fw-la angliae_fw-la adjudicaverunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o as_o though_o doubtless_o many_o be_v absent_a some_o be_v enemy_n other_o discontent_v other_o upon_o other_o occasion_n yet_o all_o may_v claim_v their_o vote_n as_o baron_n the_o precedent_n over_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o chief_a justice_n or_o if_o the_o king_n be_v present_a then_o himself_o and_o by_o he_o be_v the_o sentence_n or_o judgement_n declare_v according_a to_o the_o entry_n in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a habito_fw-la concilio_n cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la adjudicavimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o honour_n of_o this_o court_n be_v great_a so_o long_o as_o the_o lord_n have_v liberty_n or_o care_n to_o attend_v thereon_o but_o when_o king_n begin_v to_o have_v private_a interest_n they_o will_v have_v these_o to_o be_v more_o private_a counsel_n which_o weaken_v the_o esteem_n of_o conclusion_n that_o there_o pass_v and_o reduce_v the_o honour_n thereof_o scarce_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o conventicle_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o necessity_n of_o call_v together_o the_o whole_a body_n representative_a be_v make_v more_o frequent_a the_o power_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n decay_v and_o this_o court_n forfeit_v all_o its_o juridical_a power_n to_o the_o three_o court_n at_o westminster_n viz._n the_o king_n bench_n common_a plea_n and_o exchequer_n save_v still_o the_o supreme_a judicature_n unto_o the_o grand_a convention_n of_o estate_n in_o parliament_n where_o all_o the_o lord_n have_v liberty_n of_o meeting_n and_o free_a
the_o high_a nature_n the_o party_n though_o not_o the_o king_n tenant_n lose_v his_o personal_a estate_n to_o the_o king_n for_o ever_o his_o free_a hold_n also_o for_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n after_o which_o they_o return_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n by_o way_n of_o escheat_n it_o seem_v also_o that_o the_o loss_n not_o only_o of_o chattel_n and_o good_n but_o also_o of_o land_n etc._n etc._n extend_v to_o outlary_n i_o conceive_v in_o case_n of_o felony_n and_o the_o king_n pardon_n in_o such_o case_n can_v not_o bind_v the_o lord_n right_a of_o escheat_n although_o it_o may_v discharge_v the_o good_n and_o the_o year_n and_o the_o day_n whereunto_o the_o king_n be_v entitle_v which_o case_n alone_o sufficient_o declare_v what_o power_n king_n have_v in_o the_o estate_n of_o their_o subject_n manslaughter_n manslaughter_n 5._o manslaughter_n make_v not_o bailable_a this_o be_v law_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n although_o it_o cross_v the_o norman_a law_n 3_o glanvil_n l._n 14._o cap._n 1_o &_o 3_o and_o questionless_a it_o be_v upon_o good_a ground_n for_o the_o time_n now_o be_v not_o as_o those_o in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n when_o shed_v of_o blood_n be_v account_v valour_n and_o in_o most_o case_n in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a service_n and_o now_o it_o seem_v it_o be_v a_o grow_a evil_n and_o that_o cry_v so_o loud_o as_o though_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n bail_n may_v be_v allow_v yet_o not_o in_o this_o case_n ubi_fw-la ad_fw-la terrorem_fw-la aliter_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la say_v the_o author_n robber_n robbery_n 6._o robbery_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o the_o sheriff_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n to_o the_o next_o castelane_n who_o shall_v deliver_v he_o to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o the_o justice_n shall_v do_v right_a to_o they_o and_o unto_o trespasser_n upon_o land_n 174._o ll._n gul._n 4._o spicil_n 174._o by_o the_o conqueror_n law_n these_o offender_n be_v bailable_a and_o i_o conceive_v this_o be_v no_o repeal_n thereof_o and_o the_o rather_o because_o glanvile_n allow_v of_o pledge_n in_o all_o case_n except_o manslaughter_n yea_o in_o those_o crime_n that_o do_v wound_v majesty_n itself_o 1._o glanvil_n lib._n 14._o cap._n 1._o although_o they_o concern_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o king_n person_n or_o sedition_n in_o the_o kingdom_n or_o army_n thereof_o the_o justice_n herein_o mention_v be_v intend_v to_o be_v the_o justice_n itinerant_a and_o the_o trespass_n upon_o land_n be_v mean_v such_o as_o be_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o riotous_a and_o forcible_a entry_n for_o some_o trespass_n be_v against_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o sheriff_n as_o former_o have_v be_v observe_v fauxonry_n 7._o 7._o fauxonry_n glanvil_n lib._n 14_o cap._n 7._o be_v of_o several_a degree_n or_o kind_n some_o against_o the_o king_n other_o against_o other_o man_n and_o of_o those_o against_o the_o king_n some_o be_v punish_v as_o wound_n of_o majesty_n as_o falsify_v the_o king_n charter_n and_o whether_o falsify_v of_o money_n be_v in_o that_o condition_n or_o not_o i_o leave_v or_o falsify_v of_o measure_n yet_o more_o inferior_a i_o can_v determine_v but_o its_o clear_a by_o glanvile_n that_o falsify_v of_o the_o deed_n of_o a_o private_a person_n be_v of_o small_a consideration_n and_o at_o the_o utmost_a deserve_v but_o loss_n of_o member_n inheritance_n may_v not_o be_v alien_v 5._o 8._o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 1._o ibid._n c._n 5._o inheritance_n be_v in_o those_o time_n of_o land_n or_o good_n for_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n then_o that_o the_o personal_a estate_n the_o debt_n deduct_v be_v divisible_a into_o three_o part_n one_o whereof_z belong_v in_o right_a to_o the_o wife_n as_o her_o reasonable_a part_n the_o other_o to_o the_o heir_n and_o three_o to_o the_o testator_n to_o make_v his_o will_n of_o they_o and_o of_o the_o other_o two_o part_n he_o can_v not_o dispose_v by_o will_n concern_v land_n it_o be_v regular_o true_a that_o no_o man_n can_v alien_n his_o whole_a inheritance_n to_o the_o disherisin_n of_o his_o heir_n either_o by_o act_n in_o his_o life_n time_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o by_o his_o last_o will_n without_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o heir_n but_o of_o purchase_a land_n he_o may_v give_v part_n by_o act_n execute_v in_o his_o life_n time_n though_o he_o have_v no_o land_n by_o inheritance_n and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o issue_n than_o he_o may_v alien_a all_o and_o where_o a_o man_n have_v land_n by_o inheritance_n and_o also_o by_o purchase_n he_o may_v alien_a all_o his_o purchase_a land_n as_o he_o please_v if_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o gavel_n kind_a no_o more_o of_o the_o inheritance_n can_v be_v convey_v to_o any_o of_o the_o child_n than_o their_o proportionable_a part_n will_v amount_v unto_o this_o law_n of_o inheritance_n be_v divers_a according_a to_o the_o tenure_n for_o the_o land_n in_o knight-service_n always_o descend_v to_o the_o heir_n but_o such_o as_o be_v hold_v in_o soccage_n pass_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n either_o to_o the_o elder_a or_o to_o the_o young_a or_o to_o all_o equal_o and_o thus_o stand_v the_o general_a state_n of_o inheritance_n from_o the_o norman_n time_n hitherto_o 88_o ll._n hen_n 1._o c._n 88_o seem_v somewhat_o too_o straight_o for_o the_o free_a man_n that_o by_o law_n of_o property_n may_v challenge_v a_o power_n to_o do_v with_o their_o own_o as_o they_o please_v but_o the_o norman_n see_v a_o double_a prejudice_n herein_o the_o first_o be_v the_o danger_n of_o ruin_n of_o many_o of_o their_o family_n who_o now_o ingraft_v into_o the_o english_a stock_n and_o yet_o not_o full_o one_o may_v expect_v a_o late_a check_n to_o their_o preferment_n from_o the_o saxon_a parent_n after_o a_o long_a and_o fair_a semblance_n make_v of_o their_o good_a will_n the_o second_o prejudice_n be_v the_o decay_n of_o their_o militia_n which_o be_v maintain_v by_o riches_n more_o than_o by_o multitude_n of_o man_n partly_o because_o that_o rich_a man_n be_v most_o fearful_a of_o offend_v and_o therefore_o ordinary_o be_v most_o serviceable_a both_o with_o their_o body_n and_o estate_n against_o public_a danger_n and_o partly_o because_o by_o their_o friend_n and_o ally_n they_o bring_v more_o aid_n unto_o the_o public_a by_o engage_v they_o in_o the_o common_a cause_n that_o otherwise_o may_v prove_v unsensible_a of_o the_o condition_n of_o their_o country_n the_o heir_n of_o a_o free_a man_n shall_v by_o descent_n be_v in_o such_o seism_n as_o 9_o 9_o his_o ancester_n have_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n 9_o vide_fw-la glanv_n l._n 7._o c_o 9_o do_v service_n and_o pay_v relief_n and_o shall_v have_v his_o chattaile_n if_o the_o heir_n be_v under_o age_n the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o wardship_n for_o the_o due_a time_n and_o the_o wife_n her_o dower_n and_o part_n of_o the_o good_n if_o the_o lord_n withhold_v seisin_n the_o king_n justice_n shall_v try_v the_o matter_n by_o twelve_o man_n the_o first_o of_o these_o branch_n be_v declaratory_a of_o a_o ground_n of_o common_a law_n but_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o last_o be_v a_o introduction_n of_o a_o new_a law_n of_o trial_n of_o the_o heir_n right_a by_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n where_o former_o no_o remedy_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o heir_n but_o a_o writ_n of_o right_n if_o these_o three_o branch_n be_v particular_o observe_v they_o speak_v of_o three_o sort_n of_o heir_n of_o tenant_n by_o knight-service_n viz._n such_o as_o be_v major_n or_o of_o full_a age_n and_o such_o as_o be_v minor_n or_o under_o age_n and_o such_o as_o be_v of_o a_o doubtful_a age_n those_o that_o be_v of_o full_a age_n at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o ancestor_n may_v possess_v the_o land_n descend_v and_o the_o lord_n may_v not_o disseise_v he_o thereof_o but_o may_v be_v resist_v by_o the_o heir_n in_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o possession_n so_o as_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o pay_v relief_n and_o do_v service_n that_o be_v due_a and_o if_o the_o lord_n expel_v he_o he_o shall_v have_v remedy_n by_o assize_n those_o heir_n that_o be_v minor_n shall_v be_v under_o the_o lord_n guardianship_n till_o they_o come_v to_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n tbe_n heir_n of_o such_o as_o hold_v by_o soccage_n be_v say_v to_o be_v at_o full_a age_n at_o fifteen_o year_n because_o at_o that_o age_n they_o be_v think_v able_a to_o do_v that_o service_n but_o the_o son_n of_o burgess_n be_v then_o say_v to_o be_v of_o full_a age_n when_o they_o have_v ability_n to_o manage_v their_o father_n calling_n such_o as_o tell_v of_o money_n measure_v of_o cloth_n and_o the_o like_a yet_o do_v not_o glanvile_n or_o any_o other_o say_v that_o these_o be_v their_o full_a age_n to_o all_o purpose_n albeit_o that_o some_o burrough_n at_o
england_n albeit_o that_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v not_o the_o like_a present_a regard_n as_o the_o city_n of_o london_n have_v 26._o cap._n 26._o the_o writ_n of_o praecipe_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v not_o be_v grant_v of_o any_o free_a hold_n whereby_o a_o man_n may_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o lose_v his_o court_n thereby_o it_o seem_v that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o oppression_n in_o those_o time_n that_o if_o a_o suit_n be_v commence_v in_o the_o inferior_a or_o lord_n court_v concern_v a_o free_a hold_n a_o writ_n of_o praecipe_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la may_v be_v have_v upon_o a_o surmise_n that_o the_o free_a hold_n be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la which_o may_v prove_v a_o absolute_a destruction_n to_o the_o inferior_a court_n and_o be_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o demandant_o case_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n instead_o of_o the_o word_n court_n have_v the_o word_n cause_n there_o shall_v be_v but_o one_o know_v weight_n and_o measure_n 27._o cap._n 27._o and_o one_o breadth_n of_o clothes_n throughout_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n this_o law_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v ancient_o establish_v among_o the_o saxon_n 3._o ll._n edgar_n c._n 3._o as_o former_o have_v be_v show_v and_o continue_v in_o the_o norman_n time_n and_o confirm_v by_o richard_n the_o first_o and_o king_n john_n and_o as_o touch_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o clothes_n although_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o abridge_v the_o liberty_n of_o particular_a person_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o common_a trade_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v settle_v in_o this_o manner_n to_o avoid_v deceit_n and_o to_o establish_v a_o know_a price_n of_o clothes_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o wine_n be_v ordinary_o make_v in_o england_n as_o well_o as_o ale_n otherwise_o the_o measure_n of_o wine_n can_v not_o have_v be_v establish_v by_o a_o law_n in_o england_n if_o they_o have_v be_v altogether_o make_v in_o other_o country_n inquisition_n of_o life_n and_o member_n shall_v be_v ready_o grant_v without_o fee_n 28._o cap._n 28._o it_o be_v a_o law_n of_o latter_a original_n make_v to_o take_v away_o a_o norman_a oppression_n for_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v no_o man_n be_v imprison_v for_o crime_n not_o bailable_a beyond_o the_o next_o county_n court_n or_o sheriff_n tear_v but_o when_o those_o rural_a court_n begin_v to_o lose_v their_o power_n and_o the_o king_n court_n to_o devour_v trial_n of_o that_o nature_n especial_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a which_o be_v but_o rare_a and_o for_o divers_a year_n many_o time_n intermit_v during_o all_o which_o time_n suppose_v offender_n must_v lie_v in_o prison_n which_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o freeman_n among_o the_o saxon_n it_o occasion_v a_o new_a device_n to_o save_v the_o common_a liberty_n by_o special_a writ_n sue_v out_o by_o the_o party_n imprison_v or_o under_o bail_n suppose_v himself_o circumvent_v by_o hatred_n and_o malice_n and_o by_o the_o same_o direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o other_o a_o inquisition_n be_v take_v and_o trial_n make_v of_o the_o offence_n whether_o he_o deserve_v loss_n of_o life_n or_o member_n and_o if_o it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o suppose_a offender_n he_o be_v bail_v till_o the_o next_o come_v of_o the_o justice_n and_o for_o this_o the_o writ_n be_v call_v the_o writ_n of_o inquisition_n of_o life_n or_o member_n and_o sometime_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr odio_fw-la &_o atia_fw-la but_o these_o inquest_n be_v soon_o become_v degenerate_a and_o subject_a to_o much_o corruption_n and_o therefore_o as_o soon_o meet_v with_o a_o countercheck_n from_o the_o law_n or_o first_o rather_o a_o regulation_n 11_o west_n 1._o cap._n 11_o for_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o inquest_n shall_v be_v choose_v upon_o oath_n and_o that_o two_o of_o the_o inquest_n at_o the_o least_o shall_v be_v knight_n and_o those_o not_o interress_v in_o the_o cause_n but_o yet_o this_o can_v not_o rectify_v the_o matter_n for_o it_o seem_v so_o impossible_a to_o do_v justice_n and_o show_v mercy_n this_o way_n 9_o glocest_n cap_n 9_o that_o the_o writ_n be_v at_o length_n take_v away_o and_o man_n leave_v to_o their_o lot_n till_o the_o come_n of_o justice_n itinerant_a but_o this_o can_v not_o be_v endure_v above_o seven_o year_n for_o though_o the_o king_n be_v a_o brave_a soldier_n 29._o west_n 2._o cap._n 29._o and_o prosperous_a yet_o the_o people_n overcome_v he_o and_o recover_v their_o writ_n de_fw-fr odio_fw-la &_o atia_fw-la again_o 29._o cap._n 29._o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o wardship_n of_o their_o tenant_n heir_n although_o they_o hold_v also_o of_o the_o king_n in_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n soccage_n burgage_n or_o fee_n farm_n inferior_a lord_n have_v the_o same_o right_n of_o wardship_n with_o the_o king_n for_o their_o tenor_n in_o knightservice_n although_o their_o tenant_n do_v hold_v also_o of_o the_o king_n unless_o they_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o knight-service_n which_o be_v a_o service_n to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o tenant_n own_o person_n or_o by_o the_o person_n of_o his_o esquire_n or_o other_o deputy_n in_o his_o stead_n but_o as_o touch_v such_o service_n as_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v do_v to_o he_o by_o render_v or_o serve_v he_o with_o arm_n or_o other_o utensile_n this_o be_v no_o knightservice_n though_o such_o utensile_n concern_v war_n 9_o glanvil_n lib_n 7._o cap._n 9_o but_o be_v call_v petit_n serjeanty_n as_o in_o the_o lawbooke_n do_v appear_v nevertheless_o henry_n the_o three_o have_v usurp_v wardship_n in_o such_o case_n also_o and_o the_o same_o among_o other_o occasion_v the_o baron_n war_n 30._o cap._n 30._o no_o judge_n shall_v compel_v a_o freeman_n to_o confess_v matter_n against_o himself_o upon_o oath_n without_o complaint_n first_o make_v against_o he_o nor_o shall_v receive_v any_o complaint_n without_o present_a proof_n this_o law_n in_o the_o original_n be_v set_v down_o in_o another_o kind_n of_o phrase_n in_o the_o first_o part_n thereof_o which_o be_v obscure_a by_o reason_n thereof_o in_o express_a word_n it_o be_v thus_o no_o judge_n shall_v compel_v any_o man_n ad_fw-la legem_fw-la manifestam_fw-la which_o impli_v that_o the_o matter_n be_v otherwise_o obscure_a if_o the_o party_n that_o be_v complain_v of_o or_o suspect_v do_v not_o manifest_v the_o same_o by_o his_o own_o declare_v of_o the_o truth_n or_o matter_n inquire_v after_o and_o therefore_o they_o use_v in_o such_o case_n to_o put_v he_o to_o oath_n and_o if_o he_o deny_v the_o matter_n or_o acquit_v himself_o the_o judge_n will_v sometime_o discharge_v he_o or_o otherwise_o put_v he_o to_o his_o compurgator_n and_o this_o be_v call_v lex_fw-la manifesta_fw-la or_o lex_fw-la apparens_fw-la and_o it_o be_v a_o trick_n first_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o temporal_a judge_n imitate_v they_o therein_o and_o this_o become_v a_o snare_n and_o sore_a burden_n to_o the_o subject_n to_o avoid_v which_o they_o complain_v of_o this_o new_a kind_n of_o trial_n and_o for_o remedy_n of_o this_o usurpation_n this_o law_n revive_v and_o establish_v the_o only_a and_o old_a way_n of_o trial_n for_o glanvill_n say_v ob_fw-la infamiam_fw-la non_fw-la solet_fw-la juxta_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la aliquis_fw-la per_fw-la legem_fw-la apparentem_fw-la se_fw-la purgare_fw-la nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la convictus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la vel_fw-la confessus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la 106_o bracton_n foe_fw-mi 106_o and_o therefore_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v urge_v upon_o such_o difficulty_n unless_o by_o the_o express_a law_n of_o the_o land_n the_o old_a way_n of_o trial_n be_v first_o to_o bring_v in_o a_o complaint_n and_o witness_n ready_a to_o maintain_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o both_o appeal_n and_o action_n then_o use_v to_o conclude_v their_o plea_n with_o the_o name_n of_o witness_n subjoin_v which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v imply_v in_o those_o general_a word_n in_o their_o conclusion_n et_fw-la inde_fw-la producit_fw-la sectam_fw-la svam_fw-la that_o be_v he_o bring_v his_o sect_n or_o suit_n or_o such_o as_o do_v follow_v or_o affirm_v his_o complaint_n as_o a_o other_o part_n also_o be_v imply_v in_o those_o word_n et_fw-la hoc_fw-la paratus_fw-la est_fw-la verificare_fw-la hengham_n seld._n super_fw-la hengham_n for_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n sect_n or_o suit_n of_o witness_n do_v not_o full_o prove_v the_o matter_n in_o fact_n the_o defendant_n averment_n be_v make_v good_a by_o his_o own_o oath_n and_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n and_o so_o the_o trial_n be_v conclude_v no_o free_a man_n shall_v be_v imprison_v or_o disseise_v of_o his_o freehold_n 31._o cap._n 31._o or_o liberty_n outlaw_v or_o banish_v or_o invade_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n nor_o shall_v justice_n be_v
that_o if_o the_o party_n appeal_v be_v acquit_v the_o appealor_n shall_v not_o only_o render_v damage_n but_o be_v imprison_v for_o a_o year_n the_o county_n court_n shall_v be_v hold_v at_o the_o wont_a time_n 36._o cap._n 36._o the_o tear_v shall_v be_v hold_v at_o the_o accustom_a place_n twice_o in_o the_o year_n viz._n after_o easter_n and_o michaelmas_n the_o view_n of_o frank_n pledge_n shall_v be_v hold_v at_o michalmas_n the_o sheriff_n shall_v not_o extort_v the_o sheriff_n court_n have_v now_o lose_v somewhat_o of_o their_o jurisdiction_n though_o for_o time_n and_o place_n they_o be_v confirm_v statu_fw-la quo_fw-la to_o the_o end_n that_o through_o uncertainty_n thereof_o the_o suitor_n may_v not_o make_v default_n and_o be_v amerce_v yet_o they_o lose_v much_o of_o their_o respect_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o these_o few_o year_n by_o two_o law_n 10_o merton_n cap._n 10_o the_o one_o of_o which_o make_v at_o merton_n allow_v all_o suitor_n to_o the_o rural_a court_n to_o appear_v by_o proxy_n or_o attorney_n which_o it_o seem_v have_v power_n to_o vote_n for_o the_o master_n in_o all_o case_n public_a and_o private_a and_o do_v not_o only_a themselves_o grow_v into_o party_n and_o maintenance_n of_o quarrel_n and_o so_o spoil_v these_o court_n of_o their_o common_a justice_n but_o render_v the_o freeman_n ignorant_a and_o careless_a of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o country_n and_o give_v over_o to_o their_o own_o private_a interest_n and_o though_o the_o corruption_n of_o justice_n be_v soon_o feel_v 33._o west_n 1._o c._n 33._o and_o against_o it_o a_o law_n be_v provide_v viz._n that_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v not_o allow_v of_o such_o corrupt_a attorney_n yet_o this_o be_v no_o cure_n to_o the_o free_a man_n who_o be_v still_o suffer_v to_o wax_v wanton_a at_o home_n albeit_o that_o they_o be_v discharge_v from_o do_v their_o suit_n in_o all_o other_o hundred_o but_o that_o wherein_o they_o dwell_v 10._o marlbr_n cap._n 10._o the_o second_o law_n that_o take_v away_o much_o honour_n from_o these_o court_n be_v that_o law_n at_o marlbridge_n ibid._n ibid._n that_o discharge_v the_o baronage_n of_o england_n and_o the_o clergy_n from_o their_o attendance_n at_o such_o service_n and_o this_o also_o open_v the_o door_n wide_a to_o oppression_n for_o where_o greatness_n be_v it_o carry_v therewith_o honour_n from_o the_o mean_a sort_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o awe_n and_o stop_v unto_o the_o mind_n of_o such_o man_n that_o otherwise_o will_v riot_n without_o restraint_n and_o though_o it_o may_v also_o be_v say_v that_o the_o pretence_n of_o great_a man_n in_o such_o court_n will_v oversway_v the_o mean_a and_o make_v strong_a party_n yet_o it_o must_v also_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o these_o party_n be_v great_a be_v the_o few_o and_o do_v not_o so_o general_o corrupt_v all_o sort_n as_o the_o corruption_n of_o the_o mean_a sort_n do_v it_o be_v say_v by_o the_o wise_a man_n where_o the_o poor_a oppress_v the_o poor_a its_o like_a a_o rage_a rain_n that_o leave_v no_o food_n the_o last_o branch_n in_o this_o law_n be_v a_o inhibition_n to_o the_o sheriff_n from_o extortion_n and_o sure_o there_o be_v great_a need_n and_o much_o more_o need_n than_o ever_o now_o that_o the_o lord_n and_o clergy_n be_v absent_a it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o great_a occasion_n of_o the_o sheriff_n oppression_n be_v from_o above_o i_o mean_v from_o the_o king_n that_o raise_v the_o vallews_n of_o the_o farm_n of_o county_n grant_v to_o the_o sheriff_n 2_o artic._n super_fw-la cart_n cap._n 13_o 14._o stat._n the_o vice_n come_v an._n 9_o e._n 2_o for_o in_o those_o day_n sheriff_n give_v no_o account_n as_o of_o late_a time_n they_o have_v do_v and_o therefore_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n between_o the_o 17_o and_o 18_o chapter_n insert_v this_o clause_n omnes_fw-la commitat_fw-la &_o hundred_o wapentag_n &_o trethingi_n sint_fw-la ad_fw-la antiquas_fw-la firmas_fw-la absque_fw-la ullo_fw-la incremento_fw-la exceptis_fw-la dominicis_fw-la maneriis_fw-la nostris_fw-la but_o this_o do_v not_o work_v the_o work_n although_o it_o take_v away_o occasion_n for_o the_o humour_n be_v feed_v from_o within_o and_o turn_v to_o a_o sore_a upon_o that_o place_n that_o can_v never_o be_v cure_v to_o this_o day_n nor_o can_v the_o wisdom_n of_o time_n find_v other_o help_n to_o keep_v the_o same_o from_o grow_v mortal_a but_o by_o scant_v the_o diet_n and_o take_v away_o that_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n which_o former_o it_o enjoy_v 37._o cap._n 37._o the_o 37_o chapter_n have_v be_v already_o note_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o clergy_n next_o forego_v 38._o cap._n 38._o escuage_z shall_v be_v tax_v as_o be_v wont_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n have_v superad_v hereunto_o this_o ensue_a provision_n there_o shall_v be_v no_o escuage_z set_v in_o the_o kingdom_n except_o for_o the_o redeem_n of_o the_o king_n person_n make_v of_o his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o one_o marriage_n of_o his_o elder_a daughter_n and_o for_o this_o there_o shall_v be_v only_o reasonable_a aid_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n shall_v the_o aid_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v set_v and_o for_o the_o assess_n of_o escuage_z we_o will_v summon_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n earl_n and_o great_a baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n special_o by_o our_o several_a writ_n and_o will_v cause_v to_o be_v summon_v in_o general_a by_o our_o sheriff_n and_o bailiff_n all_o other_o our_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v at_o a_o certain_a day_n after_o forty_o day_n at_o the_o least_o and_o at_o a_o certain_a place_n and_o we_o will_v set_v down_o the_o cause_n in_o all_o our_o writ_n and_o the_o matter_n at_o the_o day_n appoint_v shall_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o council_n of_o those_o that_o shall_v be_v present_a although_o all_o that_o be_v summon_v do_v not_o come_v and_o we_o will_v not_o allow_v any_o man_n to_o take_v aid_n of_o his_o free_a man_n unless_o for_o redemption_n of_o his_o body_n and_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n a_o knight_n and_o one_o marriage_n for_o his_o elder_a daughter_n and_o this_o shall_v be_v a_o reasonable_a aid_n only_o thus_o far_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n concern_v this_o point_n of_o tax_n or_o assessment_n and_o if_o the_o history_n say_v true_a the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o king_n john_n then_o either_o this_o be_v not_o leave_v out_o in_o henry_n the_o three_o charter_n in_o that_o historian_n time_n paris_n m._n paris_n or_o if_o it_o be_v omit_v in_o the_o original_n it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v include_v in_o the_o general_a word_n of_o the_o law_n as_o be_v accustom_v in_o time_n past_a and_o then_o these_o particular_n will_v be_v emergent_a first_o that_o the_o aid_n and_o escuage_z in_o henry_n the_o fir_v time_n be_v assess_v by_o the_o same_o way_n with_o that_o in_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n for_o that_o all_o the_o quarrel_n between_o the_o lord_n and_o king_n john_n be_v concern_v the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o which_o the_o lord_n swear_v to_o maintain_v second_o 36._o m_o paris_n an._n 1214_o 1215_o 25_o edw._n 1._o cap._n 6._o 34_o edw._n 1._o cap._n 1._o west_n 1._o cap._n 36._o that_o neither_o aid_n nor_o escuage_n be_v grant_v or_o legal_o take_v but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n although_o the_o rate_n of_o they_o be_v settle_v by_o common_a custom_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o fee._n three_o that_o some_o parliament_n in_o those_o time_n as_o concern_v such_o matter_n consist_v only_o of_o such_o man_n as_o be_v concern_v by_o way_n of_o such_o charge_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o tenancy_n for_o escuage_n only_o concern_v the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o therefore_o those_o only_o be_v summon_v unto_o such_o parliament_n as_o only_o concern_v escuage_z nor_o have_v the_o city_n of_o london_n nor_o the_o burgess_n right_a to_o vote_n in_o such_o case_n it_o be_v say_v p._n 258._o and_o thus_o the_o forest_n law_n that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o ri._n 1._o be_v make_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o archbishop_n 445._o hoveden_n 445._o bishop_n abbot_n earl_n baron_n and_o knight_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o what_o the_o great_a man_n gain_v they_o gain_v for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o in_o those_o time_n although_o public_a damage_n concern_v all_o yet_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o king_n to_o make_v a_o show_n of_o summon_v parliament_n when_o as_o proper_o they_o be_v but_o parliamentary_a meeting_n of_o some_o such_o lord_n clergy_n and_o other_o as_o the_o king_n see_v most_o convenient_a to_o drive_v on_o his_o own_o design_n and_o therefore_o
nation_n who_o value_n their_o estate_n and_o liberty_n above_o their_o own_o life_n 13._o rape_n west_n 1._o cap._n 13._o rape_n upon_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o party_n violate_v make_v within_o forty_o day_n shall_v have_v right_a if_o the_o delinquent_n be_v convict_v without_o such_o complaint_n make_v he_o shall_v be_v fine_v and_o imprison_v before_o this_o law_n this_o crime_n be_v but_o finable_a unless_o the_o fact_n be_v commit_v upon_o a_o virgin_n for_o then_o the_o member_n be_v lose_v and_o this_o be_v the_o saxon_n law_n but_o the_o norman_n inflict_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o member_n upon_o all_o delinquent_n in_o any_o rape_n nor_o be_v this_o make_a felony_n by_o any_o law_n or_o custom_n that_o i_o can_v find_v till_o about_o these_o day_n it_o be_v true_a that_o canutus_n punish_v it_o capitis_fw-la aestimatione_fw-la by_o way_n of_o compensation_n which_o rather_o give_v a_o rule_n of_o damage_n to_o the_o party_n wrong_v then_o import_v a_o punishment_n inflict_v for_o a_o offence_n do_v against_o the_o crown_n as_o if_o it_o be_v thereby_o make_v capital_a but_o for_o the_o more_o certainty_n of_o the_o penalty_n another_o law_n provide_v that_o if_o the_o rape_n be_v commit_v without_o the_o woman_n consent_n subsequent_a she_o may_v have_v a_o appeal_n of_o rape_n 34._o west_n 2._o cap._n 34._o and_o though_o a_o consent_n be_v subsequent_a yet_o the_o delinquent_n upon_o indictment_n find_v shall_v suffer_v death_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o appeal_n but_o if_o a_o wife_n be_v carry_v away_o with_o the_o good_n of_o her_o husband_n beside_o action_n of_o the_o party_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v a_o fine_a if_o the_o wife_n elope_v she_o shall_v lose_v her_o dower_n if_o she_o be_v not_o reconcile_v before_o her_o husband_n death_n all_o which_o now_o recite_v proviso_n be_v comprehend_v together_o in_o one_o chapter_n and_o yet_o the_o chapter_n be_v partee_fw-mi per_fw-mi fess_v french_a and_o latin_a so_o far_o thereof_o as_o concern_v death_n be_v write_v in_o french_a be_v the_o most_o know_a language_n to_o the_o great_a man_n in_o general_a many_o of_o who_o be_v french_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o interest_n that_o henry_n the_o three_o have_v with_o france_n in_o his_o late_a war_n against_o the_o baron_n it_o be_v therefore_o publish_v by_o way_n of_o caveat_n that_o no_o person_n that_o understand_v french_a may_v plead_v ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n that_o concern_v their_o life_n the_o residue_n of_o that_o chapter_n be_v write_v in_o latin_a as_o all_o the_o other_o law_n of_o that_o parliament_n be_v upon_o ground_n former_o in_o this_o discourse_n note_v one_o proviso_n more_o remain_v which_o be_v also_o comprehend_v in_o the_o same_o chapter_n with_o the_o former_a viz._n any_o person_n that_o shall_v carry_v away_o a_o nun_n from_o her_o house_n shall_v suffer_v imprisonment_n for_o three_o year_n and_o render_v damage_n to_o the_o house_n this_o crime_n be_v former_o only_o inwombed_a in_o the_o canon_n law_n and_o now_o bear_v and_o bring_v forth_o into_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o statute_n law_n rather_o to_o vindicate_v the_o right_n of_o the_o free_a man_n then_o in_o any_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o clergy_n 197._o antiq._n brit._n foe_o 197._o who_o have_v be_v very_o bold_a with_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o free_a man_n in_o this_o matter_n for_o archbishop_n peckham_n not_o a_o year_n before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n for_o this_o offence_n have_v excommunicate_v sir_n osborne_n gifford_n nor_o can_v he_o get_v absolution_n but_o upon_o his_o penance_n first_o he_o be_v disple_v with_o rod_n three_o time_n once_o in_o the_o open_a church_n at_o wilton_n then_o in_o the_o marketplace_n at_o shaftsbury_n and_o last_o in_o the_o public_a church_n there_o then_o he_o must_v fast_o divers_a month_n last_o he_o must_v be_v disrobe_v of_o all_o military_a habiliment_n viz._n gild_n spur_n sword_n saddell_n golden_a trappings_o and_o to_o use_v no_o brave_a garment_n but_o russet_a with_o lamb_n and_o sheep_n skin_n to_o use_v no_o shirt_n nor_o take_v up_o his_o order_n again_o until_o he_o have_v spend_v three_o year_n pilgrimage_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o unto_o this_o penance_n the_o knight_n by_o oath_n bind_v himself_o a_o strange_a power_n and_o to_o repress_v which_o it_o be_v time_n for_o the_o people_n to_o look_v about_o they_o and_o rather_o to_o punish_v delinquent_n themselves_o then_o to_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o will_n of_o such_o man_n as_o never_o have_v enough_o concealment_n or_o neglect_n of_o apprehend_v of_o felon_n punish_v by_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n 9_o concealment_n of_o felon_n west_n 1._o cap._n 9_o in_o those_o ancient_a time_n pursuit_n of_o felon_n with_o hui_fw-fr and_o cry_n be_v make_v by_o lord_n of_o manor_n bailiff_n of_o liberty_n sheriff_n and_o coroner_n whereas_o now_o they_o be_v make_v by_o constable_n see_v more_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o peace_n escapes_n also_o be_v punish_v with_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n and_o in_o some_o place_n the_o lord_n have_v the_o fine_a in_o other_o place_n the_o sheriff_n and_o in_o some_o case_n the_o king_n 3._o west_n 1._o cap._n 3._o yet_o it_o in_o no_o case_n be_v any_o fine_a assess_v or_o take_v till_o the_o trial_n before_o the_o justice_n person_n defame_v for_o felony_n â—_o defame_a felon_n west_n 1._o cap._n â—_o not_o submit_v to_o trial_n by_o law_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o close_v and_o hard_a imprisonment_n it_o have_v be_v account_v a_o extreme_a construction_n of_o this_o law_n and_o questionless_a so_o it_o be_v that_o this_o law_n shall_v warrant_v that_o punishment_n of_o press_v to_o death_n which_o have_v be_v of_o late_a time_n more_o constant_o use_v then_o former_a time_n ever_o know_v of_o for_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o some_o trick_n of_o torture_n be_v sometime_o use_v even_o before_o the_o norman_a time_n and_o so_o may_v now_o and_o then_o leave_v some_o few_o example_n after_o the_o norman_a time_n yet_o do_v the_o law_n never_o patronise_v such_o course_n especial_o if_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n suspect_v ensue_v thereupon_o 9_o miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sect_n 9_o but_o account_v it_o manslaughter_n and_o the_o end_n of_o this_o law_n be_v not_o to_o put_v a_o man_n to_o death_n but_o to_o urge_v he_o to_o confess_v and_o so_o briton_n say_v such_o as_o will_v not_o submit_v to_o trial_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o penance_n till_o he_o shall_v pray_v to_o be_v admit_v thereunto_o and_o therefore_o the_o penance_n then_o use_v be_v such_o as_o do_v not_o necessary_o infer_v death_n 24._o briton_n cap._n 4._o sect_n 24._o nor_o be_v it_o a_o final_a judgement_n in_o the_o trial_n but_o only_o a_o mean_n thereto_o and_o therefore_o it_o may_v rather_o consist_v in_o denial_n of_o convenience_n then_o inflict_v of_o pain_n now_o in_o what_o case_n it_o be_v use_v may_v be_v understand_v from_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o indictment_n in_o those_o day_n whereof_o beside_o appeal_n by_o the_o party_n some_o be_v of_o particular_a fact_n do_v other_o only_o of_o a_o fame_n and_o it_o may_v be_v conceive_v that_o the_o course_n in_o the_o second_o be_v 1._o glanvil_n lib._n 10_o cap._n 1._o that_o if_o a_o man_n will_v not_o submit_v but_o will_v stand_v mute_a he_o be_v put_v to_o this_o kind_n of_o imprisonment_n for_o the_o discover_v law_n be_v by_o henry_n the_o three_o take_v away_o but_o if_o the_o delinquent_n be_v positive_o accuse_v of_o a_o felony_n and_o thereupon_o indict_v by_o a_o witness_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o then_o the_o delinquent_n will_v not_o submit_v to_o his_o trial_n by_o law_n in_o such_o case_n the_o final_a judgement_n be_v to_o die_v o_o north_n fame_n etc._n etc._n because_o in_o the_o one_o there_o be_v a_o fact_n affirm_v against_o he_o by_o a_o witness_n and_o in_o the_o other_o only_o a_o fame_n or_o suspicion_n which_o be_v not_o pregnant_a against_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n but_o this_o manner_n of_o indictment_n be_v now_o lay_v aside_o and_o all_o proceed_n being_n upon_o a_o fact_n affirm_v against_o the_o party_n i_o conceive_v this_o law_n of_o no_o use_n at_o all_o in_o these_o day_n 15._o bayle_n west_n 1._o cap._n 15._o bail_n shall_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o outlaw_n fore-jured_n thief_n take_v in_o the_o act_n notorious_a thief_n appeal_v person_n burner_n of_o house_n breaker_n of_o prison_n false_a coiner_n counterfeiter_n of_o the_o broad-seale_a prisoner_n upon_o excommunication_n open_a malefactor_n and_o traitor_n against_o the_o king_n the_o six_o first_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o person_n attaint_v either_o upon_o their_o own_o confession_n or_o such_o manifest_a evidence_n as_o in_o common_a reason_n can_v be_v gainsayd_v all_o which_o be_v before_o this_o law_n under_o bail_n yea_o the_o last_o
chap._n lxxi_o of_o the_o peace_n war_n and_o peace_n be_v two_o birth_n by_o several_a venture_n and_o may_v like_v the_o day_n and_o night_n succeed_v but_o can_v never_o inherit_v each_o to_o other_o and_o for_o that_o cause_n they_o may_v claim_v to_o belong_v to_o one_o father_n and_o that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o power_n shall_v act_v in_o both_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v no_o good_a maxim_n that_o he_o that_o be_v the_o chief_a commander_n in_o war_n ought_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a in_o the_o order_n of_o peace_n for_o it_o natural_o befall_v that_o war_n especial_o that_o which_o we_o call_v civil_a war_n like_o some_o disease_n in_o the_o body_n do_v rather_o breed_v ill_a humour_n than_o consume_v they_o and_o these_o must_v be_v purge_v by_o diet_v the_o state_n and_o constant_a course_n of_o justice_n unto_o which_o the_o rugged_a wave_n of_o war_n have_v little_a or_o no_o affinity_n if_o not_o enmity_n nevertheless_o the_o wisdom_n of_o our_o ancestor_n think_v it_o most_o meet_a to_o keep_v their_o king_n in_o work_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o of_o war_n and_o therefore_o as_o they_o ancient_o refer_v the_o principal_a care_n thereof_o to_o the_o lord_n who_o together_o with_o certain_a select_a person_n in_o every_o county_n do_v administer_v justice_n in_o several_a iter_n or_o circuit_n so_o when_o king_n have_v once_o get_v the_o name_n of_o be_v chief_a in_o civil_a affair_n as_o they_o have_v it_o in_o martial_a they_o soon_o leave_v the_o lord_n behind_o they_o who_o also_o be_v willing_a enough_o with_o their_o own_o ease_n and_o have_v the_o name_n of_o do_v all_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v do_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o directory_n of_o minister_n or_o commissioner_n thereto_o depute_v and_o thus_o that_o peace_n which_o former_o pass_v under_o the_o title_n of_o pax_fw-la domini_fw-la pax_fw-la vice_fw-la comitis_fw-la it_o be_v pax_fw-la regni_fw-la become_v by_o eminency_n swallow_v up_o in_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o king_n peace_n and_o the_o justice_n call_v the_o king_n justice_n and_o himself_o flatter_v into_o that_o title_n of_o fountain_n of_o justice_n which_o belong_v only_o to_o he_o that_o be_v the_o most_o high_a or_o chief_a lawgiver_n the_o manner_n how_o this_o honourable_a care_n of_o the_o safety_n and_o peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v employ_v may_v be_v refer_v to_o a_o double_a consideration_n the_o one_o in_o execution_n of_o justice_n upon_o delinquent_n the_o other_o in_o prevent_v occasion_n of_o offence_n or_o delinquency_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o public_a peace_n may_v be_v endanger_v the_o first_o be_v act_v diverse_o according_a to_o the_o present_a sense_n of_o affair_n for_o what_o be_v at_o first_o do_v by_o the_o prince_n in_o their_o circuit_n tacitus_n tacitus_n with_o one_o hundred_o of_o the_o commons_o call_v comites_fw-la and_o that_o do_v per_fw-la pagos_fw-la vicesque_fw-la be_v afterward_o do_v by_o itinerant_a judge_n send_v from_o the_o king_n for_o the_o great_a matter_n and_o by_o lord_n in_o their_o leet_n governor_n or_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o town_n in_o their_o court_n and_o sheriff_n in_o their_o tornes_n as_o judices_fw-la stati_fw-la for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o people_n in_o matter_n of_o less_o moment_n i_o say_v i_o conceive_v it_o be_v in_o the_o tear_v for_o i_o suppose_v no_o emergent_a court_n take_v up_o upon_o occasion_n can_v by_o the_o law_n draw_v a_o necessity_n of_o a_o sudden_a appearance_n of_o all_o above_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n at_o the_o same_o 25._o 52_o hen._n 3._o marlb_n cap._n 25._o and_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o seem_v that_o one_o certain_a tear_v every_o year_n be_v hold_v for_o inquiry_n of_o homicide_n unto_o which_o all_o above_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n be_v to_o come_v except_o baron_n clergy_n and_o woman_n or_o otherwise_o all_o such_o have_v be_v bind_v to_o attendance_n on_o every_o tear_v nevertheless_o the_o work_n of_o the_o tornes_n continue_v not_o to_o hear_v and_o determine_v as_o ancient_o they_o have_v do_v for_o in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n and_o former_o divers_a man_n have_v prison_n to_o their_o own_o use_n some_o as_o palatine_n 9_o mitor_n cap._n 2._o sec._n 9_o other_o as_o lord_n of_o franchise_n and_o other_o by_o power_n and_o usurpation_n and_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o all_o fine_n incident_a and_o by_o this_o mean_v many_o be_v fine_v that_o deserve_v it_o not_o 19_o mag._n cart_n cap._n 19_o and_o some_o also_o that_o deserve_v worse_o to_o prevent_v which_o evil_a henry_n the_o three_o take_v away_o that_o power_n of_o hold_v crown-plea_n 3._o glocest_n cap._n 8._o west_n 1._o cap._n 3._o and_o edward_n the_o first_o take_v away_o their_o power_n to_o determine_v escape_n and_o leave_v they_o only_o the_o power_n of_o inquiry_n and_o to_o certify_v at_o the_o next_o come_v of_o the_o justice_n but_o these_o injurious_a time_n have_v hold_v too_o long_o to_o be_v forget_v or_o lay_v aside_o by_o such_o cool_a pursuit_n man_n be_v still_o ordinary_o imprison_v and_o so_o continue_v oftentimes_o till_o the_o come_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a for_o whereas_o in_o case_n of_o bloodshed_n the_o writ_n de_fw-fr odio_fw-la &_o gratia_fw-la be_v a_o remedy_n the_o other_o have_v no_o remedy_n but_o by_o procure_v a_o commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n which_o ordinary_o be_v a_o cure_n worse_o than_o the_o hurt_n 1._o stat._n wint._n 13_o edw._n 1._o as_o a_o remedy_n hereof_o edward_n the_o first_o find_v out_o the_o new_a way_n of_o make_v justice_n of_o peace_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o statute_n at_o winton_n which_o law_n be_v purposely_o make_v for_o the_o conserve_n of_o the_o peace_n provide_v for_o penalty_n of_o crime_n already_o commit_v as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o suppress_n of_o future_a ordain_v that_o offence_n against_o that_o law_n shall_v be_v present_v to_o justice_n assign_v to_o inquire_v thereof_o and_o though_o these_o at_o the_o first_o may_v be_v itinerant_a yet_o it_o soon_o make_v way_n to_o resiant_a and_o before_o that_o statute_n it_o seem_v the_o king_n have_v find_v out_o the_o way_n 176_o coke_n inst_z 4._o p._n 176_o if_o that_o note_n be_v true_a which_o be_v leave_v revive_v into_o memory_n by_o that_o honourable_a reporter_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o six_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o say_v that_o then_o prima_fw-la fuit_fw-la institutio_fw-la justiciariorum_fw-la pro_fw-la pace_fw-la conservanda_fw-la and_o yet_o some_o semblance_n there_o be_v that_o it_o be_v yet_o more_o ancient_a even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 1._o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o the_o sense_n of_o that_o clause_n in_o his_o law_n concern_v vagabond_n he_o order_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v carry_v justiciae_fw-la quae_fw-la praeest_fw-la 58._o hen._n 1._o cap._n 58._o although_o the_o language_n be_v not_o so_o clerkly_a as_o to_o speak_v the_o sense_n out_o now_o though_o their_o work_n as_o yet_o be_v but_o in_o trial_n and_o they_o be_v only_o trust_v with_o power_n of_o inquiry_n yet_o it_o induce_v a_o new_a way_n wherein_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o entrust_v to_o intermeddle_v and_o which_o not_o only_o intermit_v the_o course_n of_o his_o proceed_n in_o such_o matter_n but_o also_o lead_v the_o way_n to_o the_o dispoil_n of_o the_o sheriff_n tear_v and_o lord_n leet_n of_o that_o little_a remainder_n that_o be_v leave_v they_o of_o judicatory_a power_n in_o matter_n that_o be_v against_o the_o peace_n and_o make_v their_o inquisitory_a power_n less_o regardful_a and_o ease_v the_o justice_n itinerant_a of_o much_o of_o their_o work_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v speedy_o to_o certify_v up_o to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o these_o matter_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o parliament_n according_a as_o those_o justice_n be_v elect_v in_o parliament_n who_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v jealous_a of_o give_v the_o power_n of_o determine_v those_o offence_n into_o any_o sudden_a hand_n to_o sum_n up_o then_o the_o first_o part_n as_o touch_v the_o punishment_n of_o offence_n against_o the_o peace_n the_o wheel_n be_v now_o in_o the_o turn_n the_o leet_n and_o tornes_n begin_v to_o be_v slight_v the_o labour_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a lessen_v the_o commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n difuse_v by_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o a_o new_a order_n of_o justice_n for_o the_o peace_n especial_o appoint_v and_o the_o parliament_n as_o the_o supreme_a providor_n leave_v as_o the_o reserve_n for_o the_o assert_v and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o same_o albeit_o that_o under_o it_o the_o power_n of_o determine_v much_o rest_v upon_o justice_n or_o judge_n that_o attend_v the_o king_n court_n after_o that_o the_o common_a plea_n be_v settle_v and_o confine_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n the_o preserve_n of_o the_o peace_n for_o the_o future_a
saxon_n p._n 68_o norman_n p._n 133_o hundred_o setena_n saxon_n p._n 68_o i_o idolatry_n punish_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 97_o norman_n p._n 138_o vide_fw-la blasphemy_n imprisonment_n saxon_n p._n 100_o norman_n p._n 151_o incest_n punish_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 101_o indictment_n saxon_a law_n p._n 85_o infancy_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 88_o after_o p._n 198_o infangtheoff_n saxon_n p._n 74_o inheritance_n saxon_n p._n 102_o norman_n p._n 160_o after_o p._n 196_o etc._n etc._n inquest_n saxon_n p._n 91_o interdict_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n p._n 38_o after_o p._n 182_o intent_n punish_v by_o the_o norman_n p._n 151_o intestate_a saxon_a law_n p._n 109_o norman_n p._n 143_o afterward_o 232_o etc._n etc._n 264_o etc._n etc._n john_n p._n 170_o judgement_n vide_fw-la execution_n judge_n vide_fw-la justice_n judicatory_a 189_o etc._n etc._n jury_n grand_a &_o petit_fw-fr among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 91_o justice_n and_o their_o court_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 84_o chief_a justice_n p._n 191_o judge_n or_o justice_n itinerant_a after_o the_o norman_n p._n 192_o 199_o 284_o k_o king_n among_o the_o saxon_n election_n continuance_n covenant_n maintenance_n power_n in_o church-matter_n p._n 46_o etc._n etc._n 56_o among_o the_o norman_n election_n 113_o etc._n etc._n covenant_n 116._o etc._n etc._n power_n in_o church_n matter_n p._n p._n 123_o etc._n etc._n in_o the_o time_n of_o steven_n henry_n the_o second_o richard_z the_o first_o and_z john_n election_n p._n 165_o power_n in_o church_n matter_n p._n 176_o etc._n etc._n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o edward_z the_o first_o and_z edward_z the_o second_o succession_n p._n 208_o etc._n etc._n power_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n p._n 225_o etc._n etc._n 233_o in_o civil_a affair_n 277_o etc._n etc._n 317_o etc._n etc._n knightservice_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 76_o marriage_n p._n 146_o 202_o 255_o acquittal_n p._n 149_o widow_n p._n 256_o l_o language_n endeavour_v to_o be_v change_v by_o the_o norman_n p._n 161_o lashlight_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 99_o lecturer_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 28_o leet_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 78_o legierwit_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 100_o livery_n and_o seisin_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 108_o london_n p._n 257_o lordsday_n maintain_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 98_o by_o the_o norman_n as_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n p._n 139_o lord_n their_o counsel_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 62_o 84_o from_o the_o conqueror_n time_n till_o henry_n the_o three_o p._n 174_o lorica_fw-la what_o it_o be_v p._n 309_o lucius_n p._n 9_o etc._n etc._n luminary_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 31_o lunacy_n vide_fw-la fool_n m_o magna_fw-la carta_fw-la p._n 172_o renew_a with_o the_o curse_n p._n 210_o stat._n etc._n etc._n p._n 253_o cap._n 35._o p._n 244_o cap._n 37._o p._n 245_o mainpernour_n by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 85_o 87_o by_o the_o norman_n p._n 151_o maim_n punish_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 100_o manbota_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 99_o manor_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 75_o norman_n p._n 134_o manslaughter_n punish_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 99_o norman_n p._n 140_o after_o p._n 195_o manumission_n p._n 137_o marriage_n portion_n vide_fw-la dower_n marriage_n vide_fw-la knightservice_n merchant_n magna_fw-la carta_fw-la p._n 272_o march_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 72_o norman_n p._n 131_o market_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 80_o norman_n p._n 143_o vide_fw-la township_n marshal_n court_n p._n 285_o matrimonial_a cause_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 41_o medietas_fw-la linguae_fw-la among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 92_o metropolitan_a among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 23_o micklemote_a among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 57_o the_o primacy_n of_o canterbury_n settle_v there_o p._n 36_o mill_n tithe_v p._n 240_o militia_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 63_o the_o norman_n p._n 152_o during_o the_o king_n next_o ensue_v p._n 205_o during_o henry_n 3_o edward_n 1_o edward_n 2_o p._n 294_o mint_n among_o the_o saxon_n norman_n p._n 137_o monastery_n admission_n p._n 183_o mortdancester_n p._n 198_o 261_o mortmain_n p._n 245_o mortuary_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 32_o n_n news_n scandalous_a p._n 292_o nightwatche_n by_o the_o norman_n p._n 141_o after_o p._n 304_o nobility_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 53_o from_o the_o norman_n time_n p._n 172_o from_o king_n john_n time_n p._n 221_o norman_n their_o title_n etc._n etc._n p._n 113_o etc._n etc._n not_o conquest_n p._n 155_o novel_a disseisin_n p._n 199_o 261_o o_o oblation_n cognisance_n p._n 235_o odio_fw-la &_o atia_n p._n 269_o etc._n etc._n officer_n power_n great_a than_o king_n p._n 173_o ordeale_o among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 89_o ordinary_n intestate_a p._n 232_o outfangtheoff_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 74_o ostiaries_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 28_o oath_n p._n 246_o 271_o p_o palatine_n county_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 73_o parish_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 35_o parliament_n p._n 120_o 278_o park_n trespass_n p._n 292_o passage_n p._n 272_o peace_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 100_o the_o norman_n p._n 140_o after_o p._n 300_o penal_a law_n saxon_n p._n 96_o norman_n p._n 138_o after_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n 2._o p._n 193_o after_o p._n 286_o perjury_n punish_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 40_o 101_o peer_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 93_o peterpence_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 32_o the_o norman_n p._n 139_o pledge_n p._n 150_o plough_v alm_n saxon_n p._n 32_o pope_n power_n p._n 19_o 177_o 184_o oppression_n of_o the_o clergy_n p._n 225_o prelacy_n in_o england_n not_o till_o constantine_n time_n 11._o come_v from_o rome_n by_o austin_n p._n 21_o etc._n etc._n sudden_o grow_v p._n 44_o praecipe_fw-la mag._n carta_fw-la p._n 268_o prior_n vide_fw-la abbat_n presbyter_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 27_o presentment_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 86_o priority_n vide_fw-la tenure_n prohibition_n p._n 228_o 233_o protector_n p._n 209_o province_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 35_o purveyance_n p._n 244_o 265_o etc._n etc._n q_o quare_fw-la clausum_fw-la fregit_fw-la saxon_n p._n 101_o quare_fw-la excommunicavit_fw-la p._n 227_o quare_fw-la non_fw-la admisit_fw-la ibid._n quarentine_n p._n 256_o 282_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la p._n 244_o r_o ransome_n p._n 94_o 260_o rape_n norman_n p._n 141_o after_o p._n 195_o etc._n etc._n 288_o reasonable_a part_n 257_o 264_o vide_fw-la dower_n redemption_n vide_fw-la ransome_n redesseisin_n p._n 292_o relief_n norman_n p._n 145_o after_o p._n 201_o religious_a house_n vide_fw-la abbey_n replevy_n norman_a p_o 142_o 259_o richard_n the_o first_o p._n 169_o roman_n entry_n p._n 5_o the_o papalty_n with_o seven_o degree_n of_o their_o church_n officer_n p._n 29_o seven_o sort_n of_o church_n maintenance_n p._n 35_o romescot_n romesfeogh_n vide_fw-la heardpenny_n robbery_n punish_v by_o saxon_n p._n 101_o by_o norman_n p._n 142_o after_o p._n 193_o 195_o 287_o 304_o s_o sabbath_n day_n saxon_a law_n p._n 98_o sacrilege_n saxon_a law_n p._n 41_o sanctuary_n p._n 139_o 183_o 242_o saxon_n in_o england_n mingle_v p._n 90_o seal_n vide_fw-la deed_n p._n 107_o sheriff_n saxon_n p._n 65_o extortion_n p._n 275_o 286_o simony_n punish_v by_o the_o saxon_n p._n 41_o sorcery_n vide_fw-la witchery_n soulshot_n saxon_n p_o 32_o socage_n saxon_n p._n 77_o steven_n his_o government_n p._n 165_o stat._n magna_fw-la carta_fw-la vide_fw-la magna_fw-la carta_fw-la merton_n cap._n 1_o 2_o 6_o 7_o p._n 156_o cap._n 1._o p._n 282_o cap._n 3._o p._n 292_o cap._n 9_o p._n 252_o cap._n 10._o p._n 275_o cap._n 11._o p._n 295_o marlbridge_n cap._n 1_o 2_o 3._o p._n 259_o cap._n 4._o ibid._n cap._n 5._o p._n 280_o cap._n 8._o p._n 292_o cap._n 9_o p._n 264_o cap._n 10._o p._n 229_o 275_o cap._n 15._o p._n 259_o cap._n 16._o p._n 254_o cap._n 17._o p._n 282_o cap._n 19_o p._n 262_o cap._n 20._o p._n 261_o cap._n 21._o p._n 259_o cap._n 22._o p._n 260_o cap._n 25._o p._n 287_o 302_o cap._n 29._o p._n 229_o westm_n 1._o cap._n 1_o 2_o 5._o p._n 231_o etc._n etc._n cap._n 3._o p._n 289_o 302_o cap._n 4._o p._n 281_o cap._n 6._o p._n 263_o cap._n 9_o p._n 289_o cap._n 10._o p._n 286_o cap._n 11._o p._n 270_o cap._n 12._o p._n 289_o cap._n 13._o p_o 288_o cap._n 14._o p._n 275_o cap._n 15._o p._n 290_o cap._n 16._o p._n 260_o cap._n 20._o p._n 292_o cap._n 22._o p._n 256_o cap._n 23._o p._n 286_o cap._n 32._o p._n 266_o cap._n 33._o p._n 275_o cap._n 34._o p._n 292_o cap._n 36._o p._n 285_o cap._n 51_o p._n 261_o bigami_fw-la p._n 247_o etc._n etc._n glocest_n cap._n 1._o p._n 262_o cap._n 5._o p._n 255_o cap._n 6._o p._n 261_o cap._n 8._o p._n 285_o 302_o cap._n 9_o p._n 270_o de_fw-fr religiosis_fw-la p._n 245_o westm_n 2._o cap._n 13._o p._n 275_o cap._n 16._o p._n 256_o cap._n 19_o p._n 232_o cap._n 24._o p._n 285_o cap._n 26._o p._n 292_o cap._n 29._o p._n 270_o 285_o cap._n 30._o p._n 262_o cap._n 33._o p._n 245_o cap._n 34._o p._n 288_o winton_n p._n 302_o etc._n etc._n circumspect_a agatis_fw-la p._n 233_o etc._n etc._n quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la p._n 274_o de_fw-fr judaismo_fw-la p._n 273_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la p._n 244_o de_fw-fr vasto_fw-la p._n 255_o de_fw-fr consultatione_n habenda_fw-la p._n 238_o de_fw-fr wardis_fw-la p._n 254_o artic._n super_fw-la cart._n cap._n 2._o p._n 266_o cap_n 3._o p._n 285_o cap._n 9_o p._n 286_o cap._n 12._o p._n 260_o cap._n 13_o 14._o p._n 276_o cap._n 15._o p._n 285_o cap._n 18._o p._n 255_o conjunct_a feoffat_n p._n 262_o amortizand_n terris_fw-la p._n 246_o asportat_fw-la bonis_fw-la relig._n p._n 244_o de_fw-fr militibus_fw-la p._n 294_o artic._n cleri_fw-la p._n 219_o 238_o vicecomit_n p._n 219_o 276_o 286_o de_fw-fr priscis_fw-la bonis_fw-la cleri_fw-la p._n 219_o 244_o prerog_n reg_fw-la p._n 220_o cap._n 3_o 13._o p._n 254_o cap._n 7._o p._n 274_o cap._n 9_o p._n 280_o cap._n 11._o p._n 281_o cap._n 14_o 16._o p._n 268_o subdeacons_n p._n 28_o suit_n of_o court_n p._n 202_o vide_fw-la manor_n synod_n briton_n p._n 11_o saxon_n p._n 37_o disadvantageous_a to_o prelacy_n p._n 45_o norman_n p._n 127_o without_o the_o laity_n p._n 187_o power_n p._n 248_o etc._n etc._n t_o tail_n saxon_a law_n p._n 105_o tax_n p._n 278_o vide_fw-la free_n man_n tenor_n vide_fw-la manor_n norman_n change_v they_o not_o p._n 161_o tenor_n by_o several_a lord_n priority_n p._n 200_o by_o escheat_n p_o 273_o term_n saxon_n p._n 110_o testament_n saxon_n p._n 108_o after_o p._n 202_o etc._n etc._n theft_n cognisance_n p._n 193_o 195_o tithe_n original_a p._n 30_o cognisance_n p._n 43_o norman_n p._n 139_o 778_o 238_o 240_o tear_v saxon_n p._n 67_o 275_o torture_n among_o the_o saxon_n p._n 88_o township_n and_o their_o court_n saxon_n p._n 81_o norman_n p._n 134_o treason_n punish_v by_o saxon_n p._n 98_o after_o p._n 194_o trover_n of_o good_n p._n 143_o trotheplight_n p._n 179_o five_o vacancy_n of_o church_n p._n 179_o etc._n etc._n 185_o vacation_n vide_fw-la term_n view_v of_o piedge_n saxon_n p._n 78_o norman_n p._n 134_o after_o p._n 263_o 275_o villain_n saxon_n p._n 56_o norman_n p._n 137_o violence_n do_v to_o clerk_n p._n 235_o use_v in_o deed_n of_o conveyance_n saxon_n p._n 107_o usury_n p._n 273_o w_n wardship_n p._n 148_o 202_o 254_o 270_o warranty_n saxon_n p._n 107_o wear_v p._n 268_o wera_n wergilda_fw-la saxon_n p._n 99_o weight_n and_o measure_n saxon_n p._n 28_o norman_n p._n 142_o 269_o widow_n vide_fw-la socage_n and_o knightservice_n william_n the_o first_o p._n 113_o etc._n etc._n william_n rufus_n p._n 118_o wife_n saxon_n p._n 98_o will_n vide_fw-la testament_n witness_n deed_n saxon_n p._n 108_o witchery_n p._n 40_o punish_v by_o saxon_n p._n 97_o wita_n saxon_n p._n 99_o worship_n saxon_n cognisance_n p._n 39_o wreck_n p._n 281_o finis_fw-la
sell_v delay_v or_o deny_v it_o be_v a_o comprehensive_a law_n and_o make_v up_o of_o many_o saxon_a law_n or_o rather_o a_o enforcement_n of_o all_o law_n and_o a_o remedy_n against_o oppression_n past_a present_a and_o to_o come_v and_o concern_v first_o the_o person_n than_o his_o livelihood_n as_o touch_v the_o person_n his_o life_n and_o his_o liberty_n his_o life_n shall_v be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n and_o his_o liberty_n likewise_o so_o as_o he_o shall_v be_v shut_v into_o no_o place_n by_o imprisonment_n nor_o out_o of_o any_o place_n by_o banishment_n but_o shall_v have_v liberty_n of_o ingress_n and_o egress_n his_o estate_n both_o real_a and_o personal_a shall_v also_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o law_n also_o shall_v be_v free_a neither_o deny_v nor_o delay_v i_o think_v it_o needless_a to_o show_v how_o this_o be_v no_o new_a law_n but_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o old_a and_o reparation_n add_v thereto_o be_v much_o impair_v by_o stormy_a time_n for_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o forego_n discourse_n tend_v thereto_o 32._o cap._n 32._o merchant_n shall_v have_v free_a and_o safe_a passage_n and_o trade_n without_o unjust_a tax_n as_o by_o ancient_a custom_n they_o ought_v in_o time_n of_o war_n such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o enemy_n country_n shall_v be_v secure_v till_o it_o appear_v how_o the_o english_a merchant_n be_v use_v in_o their_o country_n that_o this_o be_v a_o ancient_a law_n the_o word_n thereof_o show_v beside_o what_o may_v be_v observe_v out_o of_o the_o law_n of_o aetheldred_n and_o other_o saxon_a law_n so_o as_o it_o appear_v that_o not_o only_o the_o english_a free_a man_n and_o native_n have_v their_o liberty_n assert_v by_o the_o law_n but_o also_o foreigner_n if_o merchant_n have_v the_o like_a liberty_n for_o their_o person_n and_o good_n concern_v trade_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o same_o and_o be_v hereby_o enable_v to_o enjoy_v their_o own_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n as_o the_o free_a man_n have_v and_o unto_o this_o law_n the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n add_v this_o ensue_a it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o every_o free_a man_n to_o pass_v free_o to_o and_o from_o this_o kingdom_n save_v fealty_n to_o the_o king_n unless_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o then_o also_o for_o a_o short_a space_n as_o may_v be_v for_o the_o common_a good_a except_v prisoner_n outlaws_z and_o those_o countryman_n that_o be_v in_o enmity_n and_o merchant_n who_o shall_v be_v deal_v with_o as_o aforesaid_a and_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o law_n of_o free_a passage_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o ancient_o fundamental_a but_o only_o ground_v upon_o reason_n of_o state_n although_o the_o free_a man_n have_v liberty_n of_o free_a passage_n within_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o that_o original_a law_n sit_fw-la pax_fw-la publica_fw-la per_fw-la commune_v vias_fw-la and_o for_o that_o cause_n as_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v whole_o omit_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o as_o be_v also_o another_o law_n concern_v the_o jew_n which_o because_o it_o leave_v a_o influence_n behind_o it_o after_o the_o jew_n be_v extinct_a in_o this_o nation_n and_o which_o continue_v even_o unto_o this_o day_n i_o shall_v incert_v it_o in_o this_o short_a sum_n after_o death_n of_o the_o jew_n debtor_n no_o usury_n shall_v be_v pay_v during_o the_o minority_n of_o the_o heir_n though_o the_o debt_n shall_v come_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n and_o the_o debt_n shall_v be_v pay_v save_v to_o the_o wife_n her_o dower_n and_o maintenance_n for_o the_o child_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o debtor_n land_n and_o save_v the_o lord_n service_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n of_o debt_n to_o other_o the_o whole_a doctrine_n of_o usury_n fall_v under_o the_o title_n of_o jew_n for_o it_o seem_v it_o be_v their_o trade_n and_o their_o proper_a trade_n hitherto_o 299._o council_n brit._n 299._o it_o be_v first_o that_o i_o meet_v with_o forbid_a at_o a_o legatine_n council_n nigh_o 300_o year_n before_o the_o norman_n time_n but_o by_o the_o confessor_n law_n it_o be_v make_v penal_a to_o christian_n to_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o banish_v and_o therefore_o the_o jew_n and_o all_o their_o substance_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n villain_n as_o touch_v their_o estate_n 16._o ibid._n 623._o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 16._o for_o they_o can_v get_v nothing_o but_o be_v at_o his_o mercy_n and_o king_n do_v suffer_v they_o to_o continue_v this_o trade_n for_o their_o own_o benefit_n yet_o they_o do_v regulate_v it_o as_o touch_v infant_n as_o by_o this_o law_n of_o king_n john_n and_o the_o statute_n at_o merton_n do_v appear_v 1._o m._n paris_n an._n 1229._o merton_n cap._n 5._o stat._n de_fw-fr judais_n a_o 18_o e._n 1._o but_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v not_o put_v it_o into_o his_o charter_n as_o i_o think_v because_o it_o be_v no_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n but_o rather_o a_o prejudice_n thereto_o and_o therefore_o edward_n the_o first_o whole_o take_v it_o away_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o his_o time_n and_o thereby_o abolish_v the_o jew_n tenant_n land_n hold_v of_o land_n escheat_v to_o the_o king_n shall_v hold_v by_o the_o same_o service_n as_o former_o 33._o cap._n 33._o 34._o cap._n 34._o in_o all_o alienation_n of_o land_n sufficient_a shall_v be_v leave_v for_o the_o lord_n distress_n 7._o prerog_n reg._n cap._n 7._o submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o learned_a i_o conceive_v that_o as_o well_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o until_o this_o law_n any_o tenant_n may_v alien_n only_a part_n of_o his_o land_n and_o reserve_v the_o service_n to_o the_o alienor_fw-la because_o he_o can_v not_o reserve_v service_n upon_o such_o alienation_n unto_o the_o lord_n paramount_n other_o than_o be_v former_o due_a to_o he_o without_o the_o lord_n consent_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n can_v they_o not_o alien_a the_o whole_a tenancy_n to_o bind_v the_o lord_n without_o his_o express_a licence_n save_v the_o opinion_n in_o the_o book_n of_o assize_n 17._o 20_o ass_n pl._n 17._o because_o no_o tenant_n can_v be_v enforce_v upon_o any_o lord_n lest_o he_o may_v be_v his_o enemy_n nevertheless_o it_o seem_v that_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la tenant_n do_v usual_o alien_a their_o whole_a tenancy_n and_o although_o they_o can_v not_o thereby_o bar_v the_o lord_n right_a yet_o because_o the_o lord_n can_v not_o in_o such_o case_n have_v the_o distress_n of_o his_o own_o tenant_n this_o law_n save_v so_o much_o from_o alienation_n as_o may_v serve_v for_o security_n of_o the_o lord_n distress_n but_o tenant_n be_v not_o thus_o satisfy_v the_o lord_n will_v not_o part_v with_o their_o tenant_n although_o the_o tenant_n necessity_n be_v never_o so_o urgent_a upon_o they_o to_o sell_v their_o land_n and_o therefore_o at_o length_n they_o prevail_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la to_o have_v power_n to_o sell_v all_o 1._o 18_o edw._n 1._o westm_n 3._o ca._n 1._o save_v to_o the_o lord_n their_o service_n former_o due_a and_o thus_o the_o lord_n be_v necessitate_v to_o grant_v licence_n of_o alienation_n to_o such_o as_o the_o tenant_n can_v provide_v to_o buy_v their_o land_n nor_o be_v this_o so_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o lord_n in_o those_o day_n when_o the_o public_a quiet_n be_v settle_v as_o it_o will_v have_v be_v in_o former_a time_n of_o war_n when_o as_o the_o lord_n right_o be_v maintain_v more_o by_o might_n and_o the_o aid_n of_o his_o tenant_n then_o by_o law_n which_o then_o be_v of_o little_a power_n 35._o cap._n 35._o the_o 35_o chapter_n i_o have_v former_o mention_v in_o the_o chapter_n concern_v the_o clergy_n 36._o cap._n 36._o no_o man_n shall_v be_v appeal_v by_o a_o woman_n for_o the_o death_n of_o any_o but_o her_o own_o husband_n the_o right_a of_o appeal_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o great_a interest_n now_o because_o the_o wife_n interest_n seem_v whole_o to_o be_v swallow_v up_o in_o her_o husband_n therefore_o she_o shall_v have_v a_o appeal_n of_o the_o death_n of_o he_o only_o and_o such_o also_o be_v the_o law_n in_o glanvil_n time_n how_o far_o this_o point_n of_o interest_n shall_v extend_v to_o the_o degree_n of_o consanguinity_n the_o norman_a law_n former_o have_v show_v and_o against_o who_o appeal_n do_v lie_v the_o statute_n at_o westminster_n tell_v we_o viz._n not_o only_o against_o the_o principal_a 14_o west_n 1._o cap._n 14_o but_o also_o against_o accessory_n yet_o not_o against_o they_o till_o the_o principal_n be_v attaint_v and_o because_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o man_n of_o nought_o to_o appeal_v other_o in_o a_o malicious_a way_n 13_o westm_n 2._o ca._n 13_o it_o be_v by_o another_o law_n establish_v