Selected quad for the lemma: justice_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
justice_n	judge_n	king_n	law_n	9,311	5	5.0328	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A33602	The history of Wales comprehending the lives and succession of the princes of Wales, from Cadwalader the last king, to Lhewelyn the last prince of British blood with a short account of the affairs of Wales under the kings of England / written originally in British, by Caradoc of Lhancarvan ; and formerly published in English by Dr. Powel ; now newly augmented and improved by W. Wynne ...; Historie of Cambria	Caradoc, of Llancarvan, d. 1147?; Powell, David, 1552?-1598.; Wynne, W. (William), 1649 or 50-1711?	1697 (1697)	Wing C488; ESTC R12980	312,583	490

intricate_a that_o the_o justice_n of_o it_o can_v not_o appear_v and_o then_o the_o two_o champion_n put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o controversy_n by_o combat_n whilst_o howel_n dha_n be_v thus_o regulate_v the_o custom_n and_o meliorate_n the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o wales_n aulafe_n and_o regnald_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n forcible_o enter_v the_o country_n of_o king_n edmund_n who_o be_v vex_v with_o their_o incessant_a hostility_n gather_v his_o force_n together_o and_o as_o some_o say_v by_o the_o help_n of_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n who_o be_v afterward_o prince_n of_o wales_n followed_z they_o to_z northumberland_z and_o have_v overcome_v they_o in_o a_o pitch_a battle_n utter_o chase_v they_o out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o remain_v a_o whole_a year_n in_o those_o part_n to_o regulate_v and_o bring_v that_o country_n to_o some_o quiet_a order_n but_o find_v it_o impracticable_a to_o reduce_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o cumberland_n to_o any_o peaceable_a constitution_n have_v spoil_v and_o waste_v the_o country_n he_o give_v it_o up_o to_o malcolme_n king_n of_o scotland_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v send_v he_o succour_n in_o a.d._n 942_o his_o war_n whenever_o demand_v of_o he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o welsh_a have_v but_o little_a occasion_n to_o rejoice_v hubert_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n marclois_n bishop_n of_o bangor_n a.d._n 944_o and_o vssa_n the_o son_n of_o lhafyr_n be_v dead_a and_o short_o after_o the_o english_a enter_v into_o wales_n with_o a_o very_a strong_a army_n put_v the_o country_n into_o a_o great_a consternation_n but_o be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o destruction_n and_o spoil_n of_o strat_n clwyd_n they_o return_v home_o without_o do_v any_o more_o mischief_n the_o same_o time_n conan_n the_o son_n of_o elis_n be_v like_a to_o be_v treacherous_o put_v to_o death_n by_o poison_n and_o everus_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n dye_v the_o next_o year_n edmund_n king_n of_o england_n be_v unlucky_o slay_v upon_o s._n augustine_n day_n but_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o death_n be_v various_o deliver_v some_o say_v that_o discover_v a_o note_a thief_n who_o be_v outlaw_v sit_v among_o his_o guest_n be_v transport_v with_o indignation_n against_o so_o confident_a a_o villain_n run_v upon_o he_o very_o furious_o who_o expect_v nothing_o less_o than_o death_n think_v to_o die_v not_o unrevenged_a and_o therefore_o with_o a_o short_a dagger_n give_v the_o king_n a_o mortal_a wound_n in_o the_o breast_n other_o report_v that_o as_o the_o king_n will_v have_v rescue_v a_o servant_n of_o he_o from_o a_o officer_n who_o have_v arrest_v he_o he_o be_v unwitting_o and_o unhappy_o slay_v by_o the_o same_o but_o however_o his_o death_n happen_v he_o lie_v bury_v at_o glastenbury_n in_o who_o place_n his_o brother_n edred_n be_v crown_v king_n of_o england_n who_o no_o soon_o have_v enter_v upon_o his_o government_n but_o he_o make_v a_o expedition_n against_o scotland_n and_o northumberland_n which_o be_v subdue_v he_o receive_v fealty_n and_o homage_n by_o oath_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o northumbrian_n which_o they_o do_v not_o long_o observe_v short_o after_o howel_n dha_n after_o a_o a.d._n 948_o long_a and_o peaceable_a reign_n over_o wales_n dye_v much_o lament_v and_o bewail_v of_o all_o his_o subject_n be_v a_o prince_n of_o a_o religious_a and_o a_o virtuous_a inclination_n and_o one_o that_o ever_o regard_v the_o welfare_n and_o prosperity_n of_o his_o people_n he_o leave_v issue_n behind_o he_o owen_n run_z roderic_n and_o edwin_n betwixt_o who_o and_o the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n late_a prince_n of_o north_n wales_n great_a war_n and_o commotion_n arise_v afterward_o about_o the_o chief_a rule_n and_o government_n of_o wales_n but_o the_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n as_o some_o writer_n record_v be_v these_o viz._n owen_n who_o do_v not_o long_o survive_v his_o father_n eineon_n meredyth_n dyfnwal_n and_o rodri_n the_o two_o last_o whereof_o as_o be_v conceive_v be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n fight_v near_o lhanrwst_n in_o the_o year_n 952._o by_o the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n run_v lord_n of_o cardigan_n who_o be_v slay_v before_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n conan_n y_o cwn_n who_o possess_v anglesey_n edwin_n who_o be_v also_o slay_v as_o be_v suppose_v in_o the_o forementioned_a battle_n there_o be_v also_o another_o battle_n fight_v betwixt_o howel_n and_o conan_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n foel_n for_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n wherein_o conan_n fall_v and_o gruffydh_n his_o son_n renew_v the_o war_n be_v likewise_o overcome_v and_o so_o cyngar_n a_o powerful_a person_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o island_n howel_n enjoy_v quiet_a possession_n thereof_o and_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o gwynedh_n it_o be_v suppose_v that_o this_o howel_n dha_n be_v choose_v governor_n of_o wales_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o his_o uncle_n anarawd_n son_n who_o at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o father_n be_v too_o young_a to_o manage_v the_o principality_n which_o he_o keep_v till_o his_o return_n from_o rome_n at_o which_o time_n edwal_n foel_n be_v come_v of_o age_n he_o resign_v to_o he_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gwynedh_n or_o north-wales_n together_o with_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o all_o wales_n before_o which_o time_n howel_n be_v style_v brenhin_n cymry_n oll_n that_o be_v king_n of_o all_o wales_n as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o preface_n to_o that_o body_n of_o law_n compile_v by_o he_o jevaf_a and_o jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n after_o the_o death_n of_o howel_n dha_n his_o son_n divide_v betwixt_o they_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n and_o powis_n lay_v no_o claim_n to_o north-wales_n though_o their_o father_n have_v be_v a_o general_a prince_n of_o all_o wales_n but_o jevaf_n and_o jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n have_v put_v by_o their_o elder_a brother_n meyric_n as_o a_o person_n uncapable_a of_o government_n and_o be_v dissatisfy_v with_o the_o rule_n of_o north_n wales_n only_o imagine_v that_o the_o principality_n of_o all_o wales_n be_v their_o right_n as_o descend_v from_o the_o elder_a house_n which_o the_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n deny_v they_o indeed_o they_o have_v be_v wrongful_o keep_v out_o of_o the_o government_n of_o north_n wales_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o howel_n in_o who_o time_n the_o recovery_n of_o their_o own_o be_v impracticable_a by_o reason_n that_o for_o his_o moderation_n and_o other_o good_a quality_n he_o have_v attract_v to_o himself_o the_o universal_a love_n of_o all_o the_o welsh_a but_o now_o he_o be_v go_v they_o be_v resolve_v to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n receive_v by_o he_o upon_o his_o son_n and_o upon_o a_o small_a pretence_n endeavour_v to_o reduce_v the_o whole_a country_n of_o wales_n to_o their_o own_o subjection_n jevaf_a and_o jago_n be_v indeed_o descend_v from_o the_o elder_a branch_n but_o since_o roderic_n the_o great_a confer_v the_o principality_n of_o south_n wales_n upon_o his_o young_a son_n cadelh_n the_o father_n of_o howel_n dha_n it_o be_v but_o just_a his_o son_n shall_v enjoy_v what_o be_v legal_o descend_v to_o they_o by_o their_o father_n but_o ambition_n seldom_o give_v place_n to_o equity_n and_o therefore_o right_a or_o wrong_n jevaf_a and_o jago_n must_v have_v a_o touch_n for_o south-wales_n which_o they_o enter_v with_o a_o great_a army_n and_o be_v oppose_v they_o obtain_v a_o very_a opportune_a victory_n over_o owen_n and_o his_o brethren_n the_o son_n of_o howel_n at_o the_o hill_n of_o carno_n the_o next_o year_n the_o a.d._n 950_o two_o brother_n enter_v twice_o into_o south-wales_n destroy_v and_o waste_v dyfet_n and_o slay_v dwnwalhon_n lord_n of_o the_o country_n short_o after_o which_o roderic_n the_o three_o a.d._n 951_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n die_v but_o his_o brethren_n perceive_v the_o folly_n of_o stand_v only_o upon_o the_o defensive_a muster_v a.d._n 952_o all_o their_o force_n together_o and_o enter_v north-wales_n march_v as_o far_o as_o lhanrwst_n upon_o the_o river_n conwy_n where_o jevaf_a and_o jago_n meet_v they_o a_o very_a cruel_a battle_n ensue_v upon_o this_o and_o a_o very_a great_a number_n be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n among_o who_o be_v anarawd_n the_o son_n of_o gwyriad_n the_o son_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a and_o edwin_n the_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n but_o the_o victory_n plain_o favour_v the_o brother_n jevaf_n and_o jago_n so_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v oblige_v to_o retire_v to_o cardiganshire_n whither_o they_o be_v warm_o pursue_v and_o that_o country_n cruel_o harass_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n the_o next_o year_n merfyn_n be_v unhappy_o a.d._n 953_o drown_a and_o short_o after_o congelach_n king_n of_o ireland_n be_v slay_v the_o scot_n and_o northumbrian_n have_v late_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o king_n edred_n he_o be_v scarce_o return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n but_o aulafe_v with_o a_o great_a army_n land_v

sixty_o eight_o and_o in_o she_o right_o create_v he_o lord_n powy_n this_o john_n charleton_n lord_n powy_n be_v aid_v and_o support_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n quick_o break_v all_o their_o measure_n and_o have_v take_v lhewelyn_n john_n and_o david_n his_o wife_n uncle_n he_o put_v they_o in_o safe_a custody_n in_o the_o king_n castle_n of_o harlech_n and_o then_o obtain_v a_o writ_n from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o shropshire_n and_o to_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n lord_n of_o chirkland_n and_o justice_n of_o north-wales_n for_o the_o apprehension_n of_o gruffydh_n fychan_n with_o his_o son_n in_o law_n sir_n roger_n chamber_n and_o hugh_n montgomery_n who_o be_v then_o in_o actual_a hostility_n against_o he_o and_o his_o wife_n hawys_n but_o gruffydh_n fychan_n and_o his_o accomplice_n suspect_v their_o own_o strength_n and_o have_v lose_v thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n their_o main_a support_n think_v it_o most_o advisable_a to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o king_n pleasure_n touch_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o and_o hawys_n who_o find_v upon_o record_n how_o that_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n ancestor_n to_o the_o say_v hawys_n upon_o his_o submission_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o become_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o thereupon_o be_v create_v baron_n of_o powy_n which_o barony_n he_o and_o his_o posterity_n have_v ever_o since_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la from_o the_o king_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o hawys_n have_v more_o right_o to_o her_o father_n possession_n now_o in_o their_o hand_n than_o any_o pretence_n they_o can_v lay_v to_o her_o estate_n but_o to_o make_v a_o final_a determination_n of_o this_o matter_n and_o to_o compose_v the_o difference_n more_o amicable_o betwixt_o they_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o hawys_n shall_v enjoy_v her_o inheritance_n in_o fee-simple_a to_o she_o and_o her_o heir_n for_o ever_o after_o the_o tenure_n of_o england_n and_o that_o her_o uncle_n lhewelyn_n john_n david_n and_o gruffydh_n shall_v quiet_o enjoy_v their_o portion_n and_o the_o same_o to_o descend_v to_o their_o heir_n males_n perpetual_o but_o in_o default_n of_o such_o heir_n males_n the_o same_o be_v to_o descend_v to_o hawys_n and_o her_o heir_n but_o william_n lord_n of_o mowdhwy_a the_o four_o brother_n call_v otherwise_o wilcock_n mowdhwy_a because_o he_o do_v not_o join_v with_o the_o rest_n against_o hawys_n have_v all_o his_o land_n confirm_v to_o he_o and_o to_o all_o his_o heir_n both_o male_a and_o female_a for_o ever_o he_o marry_v elinor_n the_o sister_n of_o elen_n owen_n glyndwr_n mother_n who_o be_v lineal_o descend_v from_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n by_o who_o he_o have_v issue_n john_n de_fw-fr mowdhwy_fw-fr who_o daughter_n elizabeth_n be_v heir_n to_o his_o whole_a estate_n be_v marry_v to_o one_o sir_n hugh_n burgh_n knight_n his_o son_n sir_n john_n burgh_n lord_n of_o mowdhwy_a marry_v jane_n the_o daughter_n of_o sir_n william_n clapton_n of_o glocestershire_n by_o who_o he_o have_v four_o daughter_n elizabeth_n ancreda_n isabel_n and_o elinor_n the_o first_o of_o who_o be_v marry_v to_o thomas_n newport_n the_o second_o to_o john_n leighton_n of_o stretton_n the_o three_o to_o john_n lingen_n and_o the_o young_a to_o tho._n mytton_n who_o by_o equal_a distribution_n have_v the_o lordship_n of_o mowdhwy_a divide_v betwixt_o they_o but_o john_n charleton_n lord_n of_o powy_n have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n hawys_n a_o son_n name_v john_n who_o enjoy_v the_o same_o lordship_n for_o about_o seven_o year_n and_o then_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o son_n of_o the_o same_o name_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o powy_n fourteen_o year_n and_o than_o it_o descend_v to_o his_o son_n call_v also_o john_n charleton_n who_o enjoy_v his_o father_n estate_n twenty_o seven_o year_n but_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o lordship_n of_o powy_n fall_v to_o his_o brother_n edward_n charleton_n this_o edward_n have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n elinor_n the_o daughter_n and_o one_o of_o the_o heir_n of_o thomas_n earl_n of_o kent_n and_o the_o widow_n of_o roger_n mortimer_n earl_n of_o march_n two_o daughter_n jane_n and_o joyce_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v marry_v to_o sir_n john_n grace_n knight_n and_o the_o second_o to_o john_n lord_n tip●oft_a who_o son_n be_v by_o king_n henry_n vi_o create_a earl_n of_o worcester_n but_o after_o the_o death_n of_o elinor_n this_o edward_n lord_n powy_n marry_v elizabeth_n the_o daughter_n of_o sir_n john_n barkley_n knight_n and_o so_o after_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1420._o the_o lordship_n of_o powy_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n whereof_o his_o widow_n elizabeth_n have_v for_o her_o jointure_n lhannorch_n hudol_n ystrad_n marchel●_n deudhwr_n and_o teirtref_o and_o be_v afterward_o marry_v to_o lord_n dudley_n jane_n his_o elder_a daughter_n have_v caereneon_n mechain_n mochnant_n and_o flasdinas_n and_o joyce_n have_v cyfeilioc_n and_o arust_o but_o the_o lordship_n of_o powy_n continue_v in_o the_o family_n of_o sir_n john_n grace_n for_o five_o descent_n in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n jane_n the_o last_o of_o who_o edward_n grace_n lord_n powy_n marry_v anne_n one_o of_o the_o daughter_n and_o coheir_n of_o charles_n brandon_n duke_n of_o suffolk_n and_o die_v without_o any_o lawful_a issue_n 284._o dugdale_n bar._n engl._n tom._n ii_o p._n 284._o this_o edward_n lord_n powy_n in_o 15_o henry_n viii_o accompany_v the_o duke_n of_o suffolk_n in_o the_o expedition_n then_o make_v into_o france_n and_o be_v at_o the_o take_n of_o bray_n and_o other_o place_n then_o win_v from_o the_o french_a and_o in_o 36_o henry_n viii_o be_v again_o ready_a to_o march_v in_o the_o king_n service_n he_o make_v his_o last_o testament_n whereby_o he_o settle_v the_o succession_n of_o his_o whole_a barony_n and_o lordship_n of_o powy_n his_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o pool_n with_o divers_a other_o lordship_n in_o the_o county_n of_o montgomery_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o the_o county_n of_o salop_n upon_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o own_o body_n lawful_o beget_v or_o to_o be_v beget_v and_o in_o default_n of_o such_o issue_n his_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o charlton_n and_o pontisbury_n in_o shropshire_n upon_o jane_n orwell_n daughter_n of_o sir_n lewis_n orwell_n knight_n and_o her_o assign_v during_o her_o natural_a life_n and_o in_o case_n he_o shall_v die_v without_o any_o issue_n of_o his_o own_o body_n lawful_o beget_v that_o then_o edward_n grey_n his_o illegitimate_a son_n by_o the_o same_o jane_n orwell_n shall_v have_v and_o enjoy_v his_o say_a barony_n and_o manor_n of_o powy_n his_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o pool_n and_o all_o other_o his_o lordship_n in_o the_o county_n of_o montgomery_n with_o the_o reversion_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o charlton_n and_o pontysbury_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n lawful_o beget_v and_o for_o lack_v of_o such_o issue_n to_o remain_v to_o that_o child_n in_o case_n it_o shall_v be_v a_o son_n wherewith_o the_o same_o jane_n orwell_n be_v then_o great_a by_o he_o and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n lawful_o beget_v but_o if_o it_o shall_v not_o prove_v a_o son_n or_o if_o the_o son_n die_v without_o issue_n then_o that_o the_o whole_a barony_n of_o powy_n and_o all_o the_o premise_n beforementioned_a shall_v come_v to_o jane_n grey_n his_o daughter_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o her_o body_n lawful_o beget_v and_o for_o lack_v of_o such_o issue_n to_o anne_n grey_n his_o other_o daughter_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o her_o body_n lawful_o beget_v and_o last_o for_o default_n of_o such_o issue_n to_o such_o woman-child_n as_o shall_v be_v bear_v of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o say_v jane_n orwell_n but_o after_o edward_n grey_n the_o title_n of_o lord_n of_o powy_n lay_v extinct_a to_o the_o five_o year_n of_o k._n charles_n i._n when_o sir_n william_n herbert_n son_n of_o sir_n edward_n herbert_n of_o 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any_o land_n or_o to_o be_v elect_v member_n of_o any_o county_n or_o burrough_n and_o to_o undertake_v any_o office_n whether_o civil_a or_o military_a in_o any_o town_n incorporate_v if_o any_o suit_n at_o law_n happen_v betwixt_o a_o english_a man_n and_o a_o welsh_a man_n the_o former_a can_v not_o be_v convict_v but_o by_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o english_a judge_n and_o the_o verdict_n of_o a_o english_a jury_n beside_o that_o any_o english_a man_n who_o marry_v a_o welsh_a woman_n be_v thereby_o forthwith_o disfranchise_v from_o all_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o english_a subject_n it_o be_v far_o enact_v that_o no_o welsh_a man_n shall_v be_v in_o possession_n of_o any_o castle_n or_o other_o place_n of_o strength_n and_o that_o no_o victual_n or_o armour_n shall_v be_v bring_v into_o wales_n without_o a_o special_a warrant_n from_o the_o king_n or_o his_o council_n and_o far_o that_o no_o welsh_a man_n be_v capable_a of_o undertake_v the_o office_n of_o justice_n chamberlain_z 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pay_v the_o like_a sum_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n but_o king_n ethelstane_n be_v not_o less_o terrible_a abroad_o than_o he_o be_v awe_v and_o fear_v at_o home_n the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o norw●●_n send_v he_o very_o great_a and_o costly_a present_n to_o obtain_v his_o favour_n and_o to_o gain_v his_o good_a will._n a.d._n 936_o this_o year_n eun_v the_o son_n of_o clydawe_n and_o meyri●_n the_o son_n of_o cadelh_n die_v the_o same_o time_n king_n athelstane_n remove_v the_o britain_n who_o live_v at_o excester_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n to_o cornwall_n bound_v the●_n with_o the_o river_n cambria_n now_o tamar_n as_o the_o britain_n of_o w●les_n with_o the_o wey_n not_o long_o after_o the_o a.d._n 939_o noble_a prince_n athelstane_n die_v to_o the_o great_a and_o inexpressible_a sorrow_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o malmesbury_n and_o succeed_v by_o his_o brother_n edmund_n not_o inferior_a to_o he_o in_o courage_n but_o preferable_a by_o right_a of_o nativity_n be_v bear_v in_o wedlock_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o give_v a_o very_a considerable_a blow_n to_o the_o dane_n take_v from_o they_o the_o city_n of_o leycester_n derby_n scafford_n lincoln_n and_o nottinham_n then_o aulafe_a king_n of_o the_o dane_n find_v it_o impracticable_a to_o withstand_v the_o force_n of_o king_n edmund_n desire_a peace_n and_o withal_o to_o be_v initiate_v in_o the_o christian_a faith_n which_o be_v grant_v he_o he_o and_o all_o his_o dane_n receive_v baptism_n king_n edmund_n stand_v godfather_n at_o the_o font_n after_o which_o both_o party_n conclude_v a_o firm_a and_o a_o last_a peace_n edmund_n honourable_o return_v to_o west-sex_n the_o same_o year_n die_v abloic_a chief_a king_n of_o ireland_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v cadelh_n the_o son_n of_o arthuael_n a_o nobleman_n of_o wales_n be_v for_o what_o reason_n not_o discover_v imprison_v by_o the_o english_a to_o revenge_v which_o indignity_n edwal_n foel_n 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