delivered in English Histories and indeed the King not long before had spent much Treasure in aiding the Duke of Britain to no purpose for he drew over the King but to draw on good conditions for himself as the Earle of March his father in law now did As the English Barons did invite Lewes of France not long before as in elder times all the Kings and States had done and in late years the Leaguers of France entertained the Spaniards and the French Protestants and Netherlands Queen Elizabeth not with any purpose to greaten those that aide them but to purchase to themselves an advantageous peace But what say the Histories to this denyall They say with a world of payments there mentioned that the King had drawn the Nobility drie And besides that whereas not long before great summes of money were given and the same appointed to be kept in four Castles and not to be expended but by the advice of the Peeres it was beleeved that the same Treasure was yet unspent COUNS. Good Sir you have said enough judge you whether it were not a dishonour to the King to be so tyed as not to expend his Treasure but by other mens advice as it were by their licence IUST Surely my Lord the King was well advised to take the money upon any condition and they were fooles that propounded the restraint for it doth not appear that the King took any great heed to those overseers Kings are bound by their pietie and by no other obligation In Queen Maries time when it was thought that she was with Child it was propounded in Parliament that the rule of the Realme should be given to King Philip during the minoritie of the hoped Prince or Princesse and the King offered his assurance in great summes of money to relinquish the Government at such time as the Prince or Princesse should be of age At which motion when all else were silent in the House Lord Daâ—res who was none of the wisest asked who shall sue the Kings Bonds which ended the dispute for what other Bond is between a King and his vassals then the Bond of the Kings Faith But my good Lord the King notwithstanding the denyall at that time was with gifts from particular persons and otherwise supplyed for proceeding of his journey for that time into France he took with him 30 Caskes filled with Silver and Coyne which was a great Treasure in those dayes And lastly notwithstanding the first denyall in the Kings absence he had Escuage granted him to wit 20s of every Knights Fee COUNS. What say you then to the 28th year of that King in which when the King demanded reliefe the States would not consent except the the same former order had bin taken for the appointing of 4 overseers for the treasure as also that the Lord chief Iustice and the L. Chancelor should be chosen by the States with some Barons of the Exchequer and other officers JUST My good Lord admit the King had yeelded their demands then whatsoever had been ordained by those Magistrates to the dislike of the Common-wealth the people had been without remedie whereas while the King made them they had their appeal and other remedies But those demands vanished and in the end the King had escuage given him without any of their conditions It is an excellent vertue in a King to have patience and to give way to the furie of mens passions The Whale when he is strucken by the fisherman growes into that furie that he cannot be resisted but will overthrow all the Ships and Barkes that come into his way but when he hath tumbled a while he is drawn to the shore with a twin'd thred COUNS. What say you then to the Parliament in the 29th of that King IUST I say that the Commons being unable to pay the King relieves himself upon the richer sort and so it likewise happened in the 33. of that King in which he was relieved chiefly by the Citie of London But my good Lord in the Parliament in London in the 38th year he had given him the tenth of all the revenues of the Church for 3 years and three marks of every Knights Fee throughout the Kingdome upon his promise and oath upon the observing of Magna Charta but in the end of the same year the King being then in France he was denyed the aides which he required What is this to the danger of a Parliament especially at this time they had reason to refuse they had given so great a summe in the beginning of the same year And again because it was known that the King had but pretended war with the King of Castile with whom he had secretly contracted an alliance and concluded a Marriage betwixt his Son Edward and the Lady Elenor. These false fires do but fright Children and it commonly falls out that when the cause given is known to be false the necessitie pretended is thought to be fained Royall dealing hath evermore Royall successe and as the King was denyed in the eight and thirtieth year so was he denyed in the nine and thirtieth year because the Nobilitie and the people saw it plainely that the K. was abused by the Pope who as well in despite to Manfred bastard Son to the Emperour Frederick the second as to cozen the King and to waste him would needes bestow on the King the Kingdome of Sicily to recover which the King sent all the Treasure he could borrow or scrape to the Pope and withall gave him letters of credence for to take up what he could in Italy the King binding himself for the payment Now my good Lord the wisdome of Princes is seen in nothing more then in their enterprises So how unpleasing it was to the State of England to consume the Treasure of the Land and in the conquest of Sicily so far off and otherwise for that the English had lost Normandie under their noses and so many goodly parts of France of their own proper inheritances the reason of the denyall is as well to be considered as the denyall COUNS. Was not the King also denyed a Subsidie in the fortie first of his reigne IUST No my Lord for although the King required money as before for the impossible conquest of Sicily yet the House offered to give 52000 marks which whether he refused or accepted is uncertain and whilst the King dreamed of Sicily the Welsh invaded and spoyled the borders of England for in the Parliament of London when the King urged the House for the prosecuting the conquest of Sicily the Lords utterly disliking the attempt urged the prosecuting of the Welshmen which Parliament being proroged did again assemble at Oxford and was called the mad Parliament which was no other then an assembly of rebels for the royal assent of the King which gives life to all Lawes form'd by the three estates was not a royall assent when both the King and the Prince were constrained to yeeld to the
pleas'd notwithstanding that the great Officers should take an oath in Parliament to do Iustice. Now for the Parliament of Westminster in the 17th year of the King the King had three markes and a half for every sack of Wooll transported and in his 18th he had a 10th of the Clergie and a 15th of the Laity for one year His Majestie forbare after this to charge his Subjects with any more payments untill the 29th of his reigne when there was given the King by Parliament 50 for every sack of Wool transported for six yeares by which grant the King received a thousand markes a day a greater matter then a thousand pounds in these dayes and a 1000l a day amounts to 365000l a year which was one of the greatest presents that ever was given to a King of this land For besides the cheapenesse of all things in that age the Kings souldiers had but 3d. a day wages a man at armes 6d a Knight but 2s In the Parliament at Westminster in the 33th year he had 26s 8d for every sack of Wooll transported in the 42th year 3 dismes and 3 fifteens In his 45th year he had â—0000l of the Laity and because the Spiritualty disputed it and did not pay so much the King chang'd his Chancellour Treasurer Privy Seal being Bishops and placed Lay men in their roome COUNS. It seems that in those dayes the Kings were no longer in love with their great Chancellors then when they deserved well of them JUST No my Lord they were not and that was the reason they were well served and it was the custome then and in many ages after to change the Treasurer the Chancellour every 3 years and withall to hear all mens complaints against them COUNS. But by this often change the saying is verified that there is no inheritance in the favour of Kings He that keepeth the figge-tree saith Solomon shall eate the fruit thereof for reason it is that the servant live by the Master JUST My Lord you say well in both but had the subject an inheritance in the Princes favour where the Prince hath no inheritance in the Subjects fidelity then were Kings in more unhappy estate then common persons for the rest Solomon meaneth not that he that keepeth the figge tree should surfet though he meant he should eat he meant not he should break the branches in gathering the figs or eat the ripe and leave the rotten for the owner of the tree for what saith he in the following chapter he saith that he that maketh hast to be â—ich cannot be innocent And before that he saith that the end of an inheritance hastily gotten cannot be blessed Your Lordship hath heard of few or none great with Kings that have not used their power to oppresse that have not growne insolent and hatefull to the people yea insolent towards those Princes that advanced them COUNS. Yet you see that Princes can change their fancies IUST Yea my Lord when favorites change their faith when they forget that how familiar soever Kings make themselves with their Vassals yet they are Kings He that provoketh a King to anger saith Solomon sinneth against his own soul. And he further saith that pride goeth before distruction and a high mind before afall I say therefore that in discharging those Lucifers how dear soever they have been Kings make the world know that they have more of Iudgement then of passion yea they thereby offer a satisfactory sacrifice to all their people too great benefits of subjects to their king where the mind is blown up with their own deservings and to great benefits of Kings conferr'd upon their Subjects where the mind is not qualified with a great deal of modesty are equally dangerous Of this later and insolenter had King Richard the second delivered up to Iustice but three or four he had still held the love of the people and thereby his life and estate COUNS. Well I pray you go on with your Parliaments IUST The life of this great King Edward drawes to an end so do the Parliaments of this time wherein 50 years raigne he never received any affront for in his 49th year he had a disme and a fifteen granted him freely COUNS. But Sir it is an old saying that all is well that ends well Iudge you whether that in his 50th year in Parliament at Westminster he received not an affront when the house urged the King to remove and discharge from his presence the Duke of Lancaster the Lord Latimer his Chamberlaine Sir Richard Sturry and others whom the King favoured and trusted Nay they pressed the King to thrust a certain Lady out of Court which at that time bare the greatest sway therein IUST I will with patience answer your Lordship to the full and first your Lordship may remember by that which I even now said that never King had so many gifts as this King had from his subjects and it hath never grieved the subjects of England to give to their King but when they knew there was a devouring Lady that had her share in all things that passed and the Duke of Lancaster was as scraping as shee that the Chancellour did eat up the people as fast as either of them both It grieved the subjects to feed these Cormorants But my Lord there are two things by which the Kings of England have been prest to wit by their subjects and by their own necessities The Lords in former times were farre stronger more warlike better followed living in their Countries then now they are Your Lordship may remember in your reading that there were many Earles could bring into the field a thousand Barbed horses many a Baron 5. or 600. Barbed horses whereas now very few of them can furnish twenty fit to serve the King But to say the truth my Lord the Iustices of peace in England have oppos'd the injusticers of war in England the Kings writ runs over all and the great Seal of England with that of the next Constables will serve the turn to affront the greatest Lords in England that shall move against the King The force therefore by which our Kings in former times were troubled is vanisht away But the necessities remain The people therefore in these later ages are no lesse to be pleased then the Peeres for as the later are become lesse so by reason of the trayning through England the Commons have all the weapons in their hand COUNS. And was it not so ever IUST No my good Lord for the Noblemen had in their Armories to furnish some them a thousand some two thousand some three thousand men whereas now there are not many that can arme fifty COUNS. Can you blame them But I will onely answer for my self between you and me be it spoken I hold it not safe to mantain so great an Armory or Stable it might cause me or any other Nobleman to be suspected as the preparing of some Innovation IUST Why so my
Lord rather to be commended as preparing against all danger of Innovation COUNS. It should be so but call your observation to accompt and you shall find it as I say for indeed such a jealousie hath been held ever since the time of the Civill wars over the Military greatness of our Nobles as made them have little will to bend their studies that wayes wherefore let every man provide according as he is rated in the Muster Book you understand me IUST Very well my Lord as what might be replyed in the perceiving so much I have ever to deal plainly and freely with your Lordship more fear'd at home popular violence then all the forreine that can be made for it can never be in the power of any forraigne Prince without a Papisticall party rather to disorder or endanger his Majesties Estate COUNS. By this it seems it is no lesse dangerous for a King to leave the power in the people then in the Nobility IUST My good Lord the wisdome of our own age is the foolishnesse of another the time present ought not to be preferr'd to the policy that was but the policy that was to the time present so that the power of the Nobility being now withered and the power of the people in the flower the care to content them would not be neglected the way to win them often practized or at least to defend them from oppression The motive of all dangers that ever this Monarchy hath undergone should be carefully heeded for this Maxime hath no posterne Potestas humana radicatur in voluntatibus hominum And now my Lord for King Edward it is true though he were not subject to force yet was he subject to necessity which because it was violent he gave way unto it Potestas saith Pithagoras juxta necessitatem habitat And it is true that at the request of the house he discharged and put from him those before named which done he had the greatest gift but one that ever he received in all his dayes to wit from every person man and woman above the age of fourteen years 4d of old mony which made many Millions of Groats worth 61. of our mony This he had in generall besides he had of every benificed Priest 12d And of the Nobility and Gentry I know not how much for it is not set down Now my good Lord what lost the King by satisfying the desires of the Parliament house for assoon as he had the money in purse he recalled the Lords and restored them and who durst call the King to accompt when the Assembly were dissolued Where the word of a King is there is power saith Ecclesiasticus who shall say unto him what doest thou saith the same Author for every purpose there is a time and judgement the King gave way to the time and his judgement perswaded him to yeeld to necessity Consularius nemo melior est quam tempus COUNS. But yet you see the king was forc'd to yeeld to their demaunds JUST Doth your Lordship remember the saying of Monsier de Lange that he that hath the profit of the war hath also the honour of the war whether it be by battaile or retreate the King you see had the profit of the Parliament and therefore the honour also what other end had the King then to supply his wants A wise man hath evermore respect unto his ends and the King also knew that it was the love that the people bare him that they urged the removing of those Lords there was no man among them that sought himself in that desire but they all sought the king as by the successe it appeared My good Lord hath it not been ordinary in England and in France to yeeld to the demaunds of rebels did not King Richard the second graunt pardon to the outragious rogues and murtherers that followed Iack Straw and Wat Tâ—ler after they had murthered his Chancellor his Treasurer Chief Iustice and others brake open his Exchequer and committed all manner of outrages and villanies and why did he do it but to avoid a greater danger I say the Kings have then yeelded to those that hated them and their estates to wit to pernicious rebels And yet without dishonour shall it be called dishonour for the King to yeeld to honest desires of his subjects No my Lord those that tell the King those tales fear their own dishonour and not the Kings for the honour of the King is supreame and being guarded by Iustice and piety it cannot receive neither wound nor stain COUNS. But Sir what cause have any about our King to fear a Parliament IUST The same cause that the Earle of Suffolke had in Richard the seconds time and the Treasurer Fartham with others for these great Officers being generally hated for abusing both the King and the Subject at the request of the States were discharged and others put in their roomes COUN And was not this a dishonour to the King IUST Certainly no for King Richard knew that his Grandfather had done the like and though the King was in his heart utterly against it yet had he the profit of this exchange for Suffolke was fined at 20000 markes and 1000l lands COUNS. Well Sir we will speak of those that fear the Parliament some other time but I pray you go on with that that happened in the troublesome raigne of Richard the second who succeeded the Grandfather being dead IUST That King my good Lord was one of the most unfortunate Princes that ever England had he was cruell extreame prodigall and wholly carryed away with his two Minions Suffolk and the Duke of Ireland by whose ill advice and others he was in danger to have lost his estate which in the end being led by men of the like temper he miserably lost But for his subsedies he had given him in his first year being under age two tenths and two fifteenes In which Parliament Alice Peirce who was removed in King Edwards time with Lancaster Latimer and Sturry were confiscate and banished in his second year at the Parliament at Glocester the King had a marke upon every sack of Wooll and 6d the pound upon wards In his third year at the Parliament at Winchester the Commons were spared and a subsedy given by the better sort the Dukes gave 20 markes and Earles 6 markes Bishoppes and Abbots with myters six markes every marke 35. 4d and every Knight Iustice Esquire Shrieve Person Vicar Chaplaine paid proportionably according to their estates COUNS. This me thinks was no great matter IUST It is true my Lord but a little mony went far in those dayes I my self once moved it in Parliament in the time of Queen Elizabeth who desired much to spare the Common people I did it by her Commandement but when we cast up the subsedy Books we found the summe but small when the 30l men were left out In the beginning of his fourth year a tenth with a fifteen were granted upon
still called Impost because it was imposed after the ordinary rate of payement had lasted many years But we do now a dayes understand those things to be impositions which are raised by the command of Princes without the advice of the Common-wealth though as I take it much of that which is now called custome was at the first imposed by Prerogative royall Now whether it be time or consent that makes them just I cannot define were they just because new and not justified yet by time or unjust because they want a generall consent yet is this rule of Aristotle verified in respect of his Majestie Minus timent homines in justum pati à principe quem cultorem Dei putant Yea my Lord they are also the more willingly borne because all the world knows they are no new Invention of the Kings And if those that advised his Majestie to impose them had raised his lands as it was offered them to 20000l more then it was and his wards to asmuch as aforesaid they had done him farre more acceptable service But they had their own ends in refusing the one and accepting the other If the land had been raised they could not have selected the best of it for themselves If the impositions had not been laid some of them could not have their silks other pieces in farme which indeed grieved the subject ten times more then that which his Majestie enjoyeth But certainly they made a great advantage that were the advisers for if any tumult had followed his Majesty ready way had been to have delivered them over to the people COUNS. But think you that the King would have delivered them if any troubles had followed IUST I know not my Lord it was Machiavels counsell to Caesar Borgia to doe it and King H the 8. delivered up Empson and Dudley yea the same King when the great Cardinall Woolsey who governed the King and all his estate had by requiring the sixt part of every mans goods for the King raised a rebellion the King I say disavowed him absolutely that had not the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk appeased the people the Cardinall had sung no more Masse for these are the words of our Story The King then came to Westminster to the Cardinals Palace and assembled there a great Councell in which he protested that his mind was never to aske any thing of his commons which might sound to the breach of his Laws Wherefore he then willed them to know by whose means they were so strictly given forth Now my Lord how the Cardinall would have shifted himself by saying I had the opinion of the Iudges had not the rebellion been appeased I greatly doubt COUNS. But good Sir you blanch my question and answer me by examples I aske you whether or no in any such tumult the people pretending against any one or two great Officers the King should deliver them or defend them IUST My good Lord the people have not stayed for the Kings delivery neither in England nor in France Your Lordship knows how the Chancellour Treasurer and Chief Iustice with many others at severall times have been used by the Rebels And the Marshals Constables and Treasurers in France have been cut in pieces in Charles the sixt his time Now to your Lordships question I say that where any man shall give a King perilous advice as may either cause a Rebellion or draw the peoples love from the King I say that a King shall be advised to banish him But if the King do absolutely command his servant to do any thing displeasing to the Common-wealth and to his own perill there is the King bond in honour to defend him But my good Lord for conclusion there is no man in England that will lay any invention ether grievous or against law upon the Kings Majesty and therefore your Lordships must share it amongst you COUNS. For my part I had no hand in it I think Ingram was be that propounded it to the Treasurer IUST Alas my good Lord every poor waiter in the Custome-house or every promooter might have done it there is no invention in these things To lay impositions and sell the Kings lands are poor and common devices It is true that Ingram and his fellows are odious men and therefore his Majesty pleas'd the people greatly to put him from the Coffership It is better for a Prince to use such a kind of men then to countenance them hangmen are necessary in a common wealth yet in the Netherlands none but a hangmans sonne will marry a hangmans daughter Now my Lord the last gathering which Henry the seventh made was in his twentieth year wherein he had another benevolence both of the Clergy and Laity a part of which taken of the poorer sort he ordained by his testament that it should be restored And for King Henry the eight although he was left in a most plentifull estate yet he wonderfully prest his people with great payments for in the beginning of his time it was infinite that he spent in Masking and Tilting Banquetting and other vanities before he was entred into the most consuming expence of the most fond and fruitlesse warre that ever King undertook In his fourth yeare he had one of the greatest subsedies that ever was granted for besides two fifteens and two dismes he used Davids Law of Capitation or head money and had of every Duke ten marks of every Earl five pounds of every Lord four pounds of every Knight four marks and every man rated at 8l in goods 4. marks and so after the rate yea every man that was valued but at 401 paid 12d and every man and woman above 15. yeares 4d He had also in his sixt yeare divers subsedies granted him In his fourteenth their was a tenth demanded of every mans goods but it was moderated In the Parliament following the Clergie gave the King the half of their spirituall livings for one yeare and of the Laity there was demanded 800000l which could not be leavied in England but it was a marvellous great gift that the king had given him at that time In the Kings seventeenth yeare was the Rebellion before spoken of wherein the King disavowed the Cardinall In his seventeenth yeare he had the tenth and fifteenth given by Parliament which were before that time paid to the Pope And before that also the moneys that the King borrowed in his fifteenth yeare were forgiven him by Parliament in his seventeenth yeare In his 35. yeare a subsedy was granted of 4d the pound of every man worth in goods from 20s to 5l from 5l to 10l and upwards of every pound 2s And all strangers denisens and others doubled this summe strangers not being inhabitants above 16. yeares 4d a head All that had Lands Fees and Annuities from 20. to 5. and so double as they did for goods And the Clergy gave 6d the pound In the thirty seventh yeare a Benevolence was taken not voluntary but rated by
of his wisdom and equity whereby great reverence and estimation is gotten as in the example of Solâ—man which may seem the reason why our Kings of England had their Kings Bench in Place of publick justice after the manner of the ancient Kings that sate in the Gate where for better performing of this Princely duty some speciall causes may be selected which may throughly be debated and considered upon by the Prince in Private with the help and advice oâ— his learned Councell and so be decided publickly as before is said by the Prince himself At least the Prince is to take accompt of every Minister of publick Justice that it may be known that he hath a care of justice and doing right to his people which makes the Iusticers also to be more carefull in performing of their duties 17. To be moderate in his Taxes and in positions and when need doth require to use the Subjects purse to do it by Parliament and with their consents making the cause apparent unto them and shewing his unwillingnesse in charging them Finally so to use it that it may seem rather an offer from his Subjects than an exaction by him 18. To stop small beginnings unto this end to compound the dissentions that rise amongst the Nobles with caution that such as are free be not drawn into parts whereby many times the Prince is endangered and the whose Common-wealth set in a combustion as in the example of the Barons War and the late Wars of France which grew from a quarrel betwixt the â—â—â—â—oâ— Faction and the other Nobility 19. To stir up the people if they grow secure and negligent of Armour and other provision for the Common-wealth by some rumour or fear of danger at home to make more ready when occasion requireth But this seldom to be used least it be supposed a false Alarm when there is need indeed 20 To have speciall care that his children especially the heir apparent have such bringing up as is meet for a King viz. in learning specially of matters pertaining to State and in Martiall exercise contrary to the practise of many Princes who suffer their children to be brought up in pleasure and to spend their time in hunting c. which by reason of their defects afterwards is a cause of mis-government and alteration of State II. Kingdoms new gotten or purchased by force are preserved by these means FIrst if they have been Subjects before to his Ancestours or have the same tongue manners or fashions as have his own Countrey it is an easie matter to retain such Countries within their obedience in case the Princes bloud of the said Countrey be wholly extinct For men of the same quality tongue and condition do easily sâ—ole and combine themselves together so much the rather if the people of that Countrey have served before and were not accustomed to their own Liberty wherein especially is to be observed that the Laws and customs of that purchased Countrey be not altered nor innovated or at least it be done by little and little So the Bâ—rgundians and oquitans were annexed to France The reason because partlty they have been accustomed to serve and partly for that they will not easily agree about any other to be their Prince if the Bloud Royall be casâ— extinguished As for the invasion of a forreign Countrey where into the Prince hath no right or whereof the right heir is living It is not the part of a just Civil Prince much less a Christian Prince to enforce such a countrey and therefore the Machiavillian practises in this case to make sure work by extiguishing wholly the Bloud Royall is lewd and impertinent The like is to be said of murthering the Natives or the greatest part of them to the end he may hold the rest in sure possession A thing not onely against Christian Religion but it is inhumane injustice cruel and barbarous 2. The safest way is supposing a right that some good part of the Natives be transplanted into some other place and our Colonies consisting of so many as shall be thought meet be planted there in some part of the Province Castls Forts and Havens seized upon and more provided in fit places as the manner was of the Babylonian Monarch which Transplanted 10. Jews And of the Romans in France Tribes of the Germany Britain other places The reason 1. For that otherwise Forces of Horse and Foot are to be maintained within the Provinceâ— which cannot be done without great charge 2. For that the whole Province is troubled and grieved with removing and supplying the Army with victual carriages c. 3. For that Colonies are more sure and faithfull than the rest As for the Natives that are removed from their former seats they have no means to hurt and the rest of the Natives being free from the inconvenience and fearing that themselves may be so served if they attempt any thing rashly are content to be quiet The Turks practise in Asia where the chief grounds and dwellings are possessed by the Souldiers whom they call Timariâ—tae That the Prince have his seat and his residence in his new purchase especially for a time till things be well setled especially if the Province be great and large as the Turks in Greece The reasons 1. Because the presence of the Prince availeth much to keep things in order and get the good will of his new Subjects 2. They conceive that they have refuge by the Princes presence if they be oppressed by the Lieutenants and inferiour Governours Where it will be convenient for the winning the peoples hearts that some example be made of punishing of such as have committed any violence or oppression 3. Because being present he seeth and heareth what is thought attempted and so may quickly give remedy to it which being absent he cannot do or not do in time 4. If the Prince himself cannot be present to reside then to take heed that the charge of Governing or new purchases be committed to such as be sure men and of other meet quality that depend wholly upon the Princes savour and not to Natives or other of their own Subjects that are gracious for their Nobility or Virtue especially if the Province be great and somewhat far distant which may soon seduce the unsetled affections of those new subjects As for such Governours as depend wholly upon the Princes savour being not born but created Noble they will not so easily suffer themselves to be won from their duty and in case they would revolt yet they are not able to make any great strength for that the people obey them but as instruments and ministers to keep them in Subjection and not for any ill will 5. To have the children of the chief Noble men and of greatest Authority Hostages with them in safe keeping the more the bettter For that no bond is stronger than that of nature to contain the Parents and Allies in obedience and they the rest 6 To
the North the fift penny In the two and thirtyeth year he had a subsedy freely granted In the three and thirtyeth year he confirmed the great Charter of his own Royall disposition and the states to shew their thankfulnesse gave the King for one year the fift part of all the revenues of the land and of the Citizens the sixt part of their goods And in the same year the King used the inquisition called Trai le Baston By which all Justices and other Magistrates were grievously fined that had used extortion or bribery or had otherwise misdemeaned themselves to the great contentation of the people This Commission likewise did enquire of entruders barators and all other the like vermine whereby the King gathered a great masse of treasure with a great deal of love Now for the whole raigne of this King who governed England 35 years there was not any Parliament to his prejudice COUNS. But there was taking of armes by Marshall and Hereford JUST That 's true but why was that because the King notwithstanding all that was given him by Parliament did lay the greatest taxes that ever King did without their consent But what lost the King by those Lords one of them gave the King all his lands the other dyed in disgrace COUNS. But what say you to the Parliament in Edward the Seconds time his successor did not the house of Parliament banish Peirce Gaveston whom the King favoured JUST But what was this Gaveston but an Esquier of Gascoine formerly banisht the Realme by King Edward the first for corrupting the Prince Edward now raigning And the whole Kingdome fearing and detesting his venemous disposition they besought his Majestie to cast him off which the King performed by an act of his own and not by act of Parliament yea Gavestones own father in Law the Earle of Glocester was one of the chiefest of the Lords that procured it And yet finding the Kings affection to folow him so strongly they all consented to have him recalled After which when his credit so encreased that he dispised and set at naught all the ancient Nobility and not onely perswaded the King to all manner of outrages and riots but withall transported what he lifted of the Kings Treasure and Iewels the Lords urged his banishment the second time but neither was the first nor second banishment forced by Act of Parliament but by the forceable Lords his Enemies Lastly he being recalled by the King the Earle of Lancaster caused his head to be stricken off when those of his party had taken him prisoner By which presumptuous Act the Earle and the rest of his company committed Treason and murder Treason by raising an Army without warrant murder by taking away the life of the Kings Subject After which Gaveston being dead the Spencers got possession of the Kings favour though the younger of them was placed about the King by the Lords themselves COUNS. What say you then to the Parliament held at London about the sixt year of that King JUST I say that King was not bound to performe the acts of this Parliament because the Lords being too strong for the King inforced his consent for these be the words of our own History They wrested to much beyond the bounds of reason COUNS. What say you to the Parliaments of the White wands in the 13th of the King JUST I say the Lords that were so moved came with an Army and by strong hand surprized the King they constrained saith the story the rest of the Lords and compelled many of the Bishops to consent unto them yea it saith further that the King durst not but grant to all that they required to wit for the banishment of the Spencers Yea they were so insolent that they refused to lodge the Queen comming through Kent in the Castle of Leedes and sent her to provide her lodging where she could get it so late in the night for which notwithstanding some that kept her out were soon after taken and hang'd and therefore your Lordship cannot call this a Parliament for the reasons before alleadged But my Lord what became of these Lawgivers to the King even when they were greatest a Knight of the North called Andrew Herkeley assembled the Forces of the Countrey overthrew them and their Army slew the Earle of Hereford and other Barons took their generall Thomas Earle of Lancaster the Kings cozen germane at that time possessed of five Earledomes the Lords Clifford Talbort Moubray Maudiut Willington Warren Lord Darcy Withers Knevill Leybourne Bekes Lovell Fitz williams Watervild and divers other Barons Knights and Esquiers and soon after the Lord Percy and the Lord Warren took the Lords Baldsemere and the Lord Audley the Lord Teis Gifford Tucoet and many others that fled from the battaile the most of which past under the hands of the hangman for constraining the King under colour and name of a Parliament But this your good Lordship may judge to whom those tumultuous assemblies which our Histories falsely call Parliaments have been dangerous the King in the end ever prevailed and the Lords lost their lives and estates After which the Spencers in their banishment at York in the 15th of the King were restored to the honors and estates and therein the King had a subsedy given him the sixt penny of goods throughout England Ireland and Wales COUNS. Yet you see the Spencers were soon after dissolved IUST It is true my Lord but that is nothing to our subject of Parliament they may thank their own insolencie for they branded and dispised the Queen whom they ought to have honored as the Kings wife they were also exceeding greedy and built themselves upon other mens ruines they were ambitious and exceeding malicious whereupon that came that when Chamberlain Spencer was hang'd in Hereford a part of the 24th Psalm was written over his head Quid gloriaris in malitia potens COUNS. Well Sir you have all this while excused your self upon the strength and rebellions of the Lords but what say you now to King Edward the third in whose time and during the time of this victorious King no man durst take Armes or rebell the three estates did him the greatest affront that ever King received or endured therefore I conclude where I began that these Parliaments are dangerous for a King JUST To answer your Lordship in order may it please you first to call to mind what was given this great King by his subjects before the dispute betwixt him and the house happened which was in his latter dayes from his first year to his fift year there was nothing given the king by his Subjects in his eight year at the Parliament at London a tenth and a fifteenth was granted in his tenth year he ceased upon the Italians goods here in England to his own use with all the goods of the Monkes Cluniackes and others of the order of the Cistertians In the eleaventh year he had given him by Parliament a notable
Crown the ornaments thereof And it is an infalliable maxime that he that loves not his Majesties estate loves not his person COUNS. How came it then that the act was not executed IUST Because these against whom it was granted perswaded the King to the contrary as the Duke of Ireland Suffolk the chief Iustice Tresilian and others yea that which was lawfully done by the King and the great Councell of the kingdome was by the mastery which Ireland Suffolk and Tresilian had over the Kings affections broken and disavowed Those that devised to relieve the King not by any private invention but by generall Councell were by a private and partiall assembly adjudged traitors and the most honest Iudges of the land enforced to subscribe to that judgement In so much that Iudge Belknap plainly told the Duke of Ireland and the Earl of Suffolk when he was constrained to set his hand plainly told these Lords that he wanted but a rope that he might therewith receive a reward for his subscription And in this Councell of Nottingham was hatched the ruine of those which governed the King of the Iudges by them constrained of the Lords that loved the King and sought a reformation and of the King himself for though the King found by all the Shrieves of the shires that the people would not fight against the Lords whom they thought to bee most faithfull unto the King when the Citizens of London made the same answer being at that time able to arme 50000. men and told the Major that they would never fight against the Kings friends and defenders of the Realme when the Lord Ralph Passet who was near the King told the King boldly that he would not adventure to have his head broken for the Duke of Irelands pleasure when the Lord of London told the Earle of Suffolk in the Kings presence that he was not worthy to live c. yet would the King in the defence of the destroyers of his estate lay ambushes to intrap the Lords when they came upon his faith yea when all was pacified and that the King by his Proclamation had clear'd the Lords and promised to produce Ireland Suffolk and the Archbishop of Yorke Tresiltan and Bramber to answer at the next Parliament these men confest that they durst not appear and when Suffolk fled to Callice and the Duke of Ireland to Chester the King caused an army to be leavied in Lancashire for the safe conduct of the Duke of Ireland to his presence when as the Duke being encountered by the Lords ranne like a coward from his company and fled into Holland After this was holden a Parliament which was called that wrought wonders In the Eleventh year of this King wherein the fornamed Lords the Duke of Ireland and the rest were condemned and confiscate the Chief Iustice hanged with many others the rest of the Iudges condemned and banisht and a 10. and a 15. given to the King COUNS. But good Sir the King was first besieged in the Tower of London and the Lords came to the Parliament and no man durst contradict them IUST Certainly in raising an army they committed treason and though it appear that they all loved the King for they did him no harm having him in their power yet our law doth construe all leavying of war without the Kings commission and all force raised to be intended for the death and destruction of the King not attending the sequell And it is so judged upon good reason for every unlawfull and ill action is supposed to be accompanied with an ill intent And besides those Lords used too great cruelty in procuring the sentence of death against divers of the Kings servants who were bound to follow and obey their Master and Soveraigne Lord in that he commanded COUNS. It is true and they were also greatly to blame to cause then so many seconds to be put to death seeing the principalls Ireland Suffolk and York had escaped them And what reason had they to seek to enform the State by strong hand was not the Kings estate as dear to himself as to them He that maketh a King know his errour mannerly and private and gives him the best advice he is discharged before God and his own conscience The Lords might have â—â—tired themselves when they saw they could not prevail and have left the King to his own wayes who had more to lose then they had IUST My Lord the taking of Arms cannot be excused in respect of the law but this might be said for the Lords that the King being under yeares and being wholly governed by their enemies and the enemies of the kingdome and because by those evil mens perswasions it was advised how the Lords should have been murthered at a feast in London they were excusable during the kings minority to stand upon their guard against their particular enemies But we will passe it over go on with our parliaments that followed whereof that of Cambridge in the Kings 12th year was the next therein the King had given him a 10th and a 15th after which being 20. yeares of age rechanged saith H. Kinghton his Treasurer his Chancellour the Iustices of either bench the Clerk of the privy seal and others and took the government into his own hands He also took the Admirals place from the Earl of Arundell and in his room he placed the Earl of Huntingdon in the yeare following which was the 13th year of the K. in the Parliament at Westminster there was given to the King upon every sack of wooll 14s and 6d in the gound upon other Merchandise COUNS. But by your leave the King was restrained this parliament that he might not dispose of but a third part of the money gathered IUST No my Lord by your favour But true it is that part of this mony was by the Kings consent assigned towards the wars but yet left in the Lord Treasurers hands and my Lord it would be a great ease and a great saving to his Majesty our Lord and Master if it pleased him to make his assignations upon some part of his revenewes by which he might have 1000l upon every 10000l and save himself a great deale of clamour For seeing of necessity the Navy must be maintained and that those poor men as well Carpenters as ship-keepers must be paid it were better for his Majesty to give an assignation to the Treasurer of his Navy for the receiving of so much as is called ordinary then to discontent those poor men who being made desperate beggars may perchance be corrupted by them that lye in wait to destroy the Kings estate And if his Majesty did the like in all other payements especially where the necessity of such as are to receive cannot possible give dayes his Majesty might then in a little rowle behold his receipts and expences he might quiet his heart when all necessaries were provided for and then dispose the rest at his pleasure And my good Lord
â—am Marti Quam Mercurio The Ho. ble and learned Knight Sr. Walter Raleigh Ro Vaughan sculp REMAINS of S ir Walter Raleigh viz. Maxims of State Advise to his Son his Sons advise to his Father His Sceptick Observation concerning the causes of the Magnificencie and Opulency of Cities His Letters to divers persons of quality With The Prerogative of Parliaments being a Dispute between a Counsellour of State and a Justice of Peace LONDON Printed for William Sheares Iunior in Westminster Hall 1657. MAXIMS OF STATE With Instructions to his SON and the SONS advice to his aged FATHER Whereunto Is added Observations touching Trade and Commerce with the Hollander and other Nations Proving that our Sea and Land Commodities inrich and strengthen other Countries against our own By Sir WALTER RALEIGH LONDON Printed for Will. Shears Junior at the Blue Bible in Bedford Street in Covent-garden 1656 The Contents OF Government Page 1 Of Policie 2 Of Monarchie 3 Of Aristocracie or Senatorie State 5 Of Free State or Popular State 6 Of Tyrannie 7 Of Olygarchie or the Government of a few ibid. Of a Common-wealth 8 Of causes of States and Common-wealths in generall 10 Of Founding a State ibid. Of Causes preserving State or Common-wealth 15 Of Mysteries or Sophisms ibid. Of Axioms or Rules of preserving a State 1-9 Rules for preserving of a Kingdom Hereditarie 25 Rules for preserving of a Kingdom Conquered 25 Kingdoms hereditarie are preserved at home by the ordering of a Prince ibid. Kingdoms new gotten or purchased by force are preserved by Rules 10 35 Rules politick of Tyrants 41 Sophisms of a barbarous and professed tyranny 42 Sophisms of the sophisticall or subtile Tyrant to hold up his State 46 Of preservation of an Aristocracie 53 Of preservation of an Olygarchie by Sophisms ibid. Of preservation of an Olygarchie by Rules ibid. Of Conversion of States in generall 59 Causes of conversions of States are of two sorts Generall and Particular ibid. Particular causes of Conversion of State are of two sorts 60 Of sedition 61 Causes of sedition are of two sorts ibid. Of Alteration without violence 64 A Method how to make use of the Book before in the reading of the storie 67 Old age is not ever unfit for publick Gouernment ibid. Example of the like practice in Charls the Fifth 68 Of observation for the Affirmative and the Negative ibid. Of defence for David in marrying Abishag 70 Politicall Nobility Of Adoâ—ijah aspiring to the Kingdom 71 Observations Of ways of such as aspire to the Kingdom and marks to discern them 73 Politicall Prince 75 The TABLE of the Chapters containd in Sr WALTER RALEIGH'S INSTRUCTIONS to his SON CHAP. Page VIrtuous persons to be made choice of Friends Great care to be had in the choosing of a Wife Wisest men have been abused by flatterers Prâ—vâ—â—e Quarrels to be avoided Three Rules to be observed for the preservation of a mans estate What sort of servants are most fit to be entertained Brave rags wear soonest out of fashion Riches not to be sought by evil means ibid. What Inconveniences happen to such as delight in Wine Let God be thy protectour and directour in all thy Actions The Sceptick doth neither affirm neither deny any Position but doubteth of it and proposeth his Reason against that which is affirmed or denied to justifie his not Consenting Observations concerning the causes of the Magnificencie and Opulencie of Cities Safetie for defence of the people and their goods in and near a Town Causes that concern the Magnificencie of a Citie That the Seat of Government is upheld by the two great Pillars thereof viz. Civile Justice and Martiall Policie which are framed out of Husbandry Merchandise and Gentry of this Kingdom Sir Raleigh's letter to Mr Secretary Winwood before his Journey to Guiana To his Wife from Guiana To Sir Ralph Winwood To his Wife copied out of his own hand writing To his Wife after Condemnation To King James at his return from Guiana His third Letter to Secretary Winwood His Letter to Prince Henry touching the modell of a Ship His Speech immediately before he was beheaded Sir VValter Raleigh Observations touching Trade and Commerce with the Hollander and other Nations Proving that our Sea and Land Commodities inrich and strengthen other Countreys against our own FINIS MAXIMS OF STATE OF GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT is of two sorts 1. P rivate of himself Sobriety Of his Family called Oeconomy 2. Publick of the Common-wealth called Pâ—licy A man must first Govern himself ere he be fit to Govern a Family And his Family e're he be fit to bear the Government in the Common-wealth Of Policie Policie is an Art of Government of a Common-wealth and some part of it according to that State oâ— form of Government wherein it is setled for the publick good State is the frame or set order of Common-wealth or of the Governours that rule the same especially oâ— the chief and Sovereign Governour that commandeth the rest The State of Sovereignty consisteth in five points 1. Making or anulling of Laws 2. Creating and disposing of Magistrates 3. Power over life and death 4. Making of War or Peace 5. Highest or last appeal Where these five are either in one or in more there is the State These five points of State rest either in 1. One Monarchie or Kingdom 2. Some few chief men for virtue and wisdom called an Aristocracie 3. Many called a Free-State or Popular State These three sorts of Government have respect to the common good and therefore are just and Lawfull States These 3. degenerate into 3. other Governments viz. 1. Monarchie into 1. Tyrrannie 2. Aristocracie into 2. Oligarchie 3. Popular state into 3. Common-wealth or Government of all the common and baser sort and therefore called a Common-wealth by an usurped Nick-name These all respect their own and not the publick good and therefore are called Bastard Governments I Monarchie A Monarchie or Kingdom is the Government of a State by one head or chief tending to the common benefit of all Monarchie or Kingdoms are of three sorts touching the right or possession of them viz. 1. Hereditary by descent as the English French c. 2. Elective by suffrage of the other Orders of some of them as the Pâ—loniâ—â— 3. 〈◊〉 or of both kinds viz. descent yet not tied to the next bloud as the ancient Jewish State Monarchies are of two sorts touching their power or Authority viz. 1. Intâ—re Where the whole power of ordering all State matters both peace and war doth by law custâ—â— appertain to the Prince as in the â—â—â—gest Kingdom where the Prince hatâ— power to make Laws League Waâ— To create Magistrates to pardon life Of appeal c. Though to give a contentment to the other degrees thâ—â— have a suffrage in making Laws yâ—â— ever subject to the Princes pleasure nor Negative will 2. 〈◊〉 or restrained that haâ—â— no full power in all the points or matters of State as the
and barbarous people they are to be perswaded to withdraw and unite themselves into severall Colonies that by it an interchangeable communication and commerce of all things may more commodiously be had and that they may so live together in civilitie for the better succour and welfare of one another And thereby they may more easily be instructed in the Christian Faith and governed under the Magistrates and ministers of the King or other superiour power under whom this Râ—so that on is sought Which course the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that 〈◊〉 took after he had taken upon him the Government of the 〈…〉 whereby he united all the people into one Citie that before lived dispersedly in many Villages The like is put in practice at this day by the â—â—râ—â—gales and Jesuits that they may with less difficultie and hinderance reform the rough behaviour and savage life of the people of Brazile who dwell scattered and dispersed in cave and cottages made of boughs leaves of the Palm-trees Alexander the Great built more than seventie Cities Selevâ—us built three Cities called â—pameâ— to the honour of his wife and five called Lâ—â—â—â—ca in memorie of his mother and fire called Seleacâ— to the honour of himself Safetie for Defence of the People and their goods in and near the Town IN the Situation of Cities there is to be required a place of Safetie by some natural strength commod ousness for Navigation and Conduct for the attaining of plentie of all good things for the sustenance comfort of mans life and to draw trade and entercourse of other Nations as if the same be situate in such â—ort as many people have need to repair thither for some natural commoditie or other of the Countrey which by traffick and transportation of coÌ„modities whereof they have more plentie than will supplie their own necessitie or for receiving of things whereof they have carcitie And much better will it be if the place afford some notable commoditie of it self from whence other Nations may more readily and at better rate attain the same Likewise and withall be so fertil pleasant and healthfull of it self that it may afford plentie of good things for the delight and confort of the inhabitants In former times great Nations Kings and Potentates have endured sharp conflicts and held it high Policie by all means to increase then Cities with multitudes of Inhabitants And to this end the Romans ever furnished themselves with strength and power to make their neighbour-People of necessitie willing to draw themselves to Rome to dwell and overthrow their Towns and Villages of mean strength down to the ground So did they for this cause utterly destroy many Cities bringing always the vanquished Captives to Rome for the augmentation of that Citie Romulus after a mighty fight with the Sabines condescended to Peace upon condition that â—â—â—â—â—s their King should come with all their people to dwell at Rome â—atâ—â—â— did accept and made choice of the Capitol and the Mount Quirmalis for his seat and Pâ—llace The same course hâ—ld Tamberlane the Great whereby he enlarged the great Samarâ—anda still bringing unto it the richest and wealthiest Citizens he had subdued And the Ottomanâ— to make the Citie Constantinople rich and great brought to it many thousand Families especially Artificers out of the subdued Cities as Mahomeâ— the great from Trâ—bizond Selim the First from Cairo and Seliman from â—aurk Authoritie and necessitie without the consideration of the conveniencies and commodiousness of Situation above mentioned are of small moment in the foundation of a Citie thereby onely it would be unlikely either to grow or continue in Magnificencie or Opulencie for it Profit Height and Delight go not companions therewith no authoritie or necessitie can retain much People or Wealth But of the place whereupon a Citie is to be founded be commodious for the aforesaid conveniences which help greatly for the felicitie of this life then no doubt the same is likely to draw much abundance of people and riches unto the same whereby it may by the help of Arts and Industrie in time become magnificent glorious Unto the good estate greatness and glorie of a Citie those things hereafter mentioned do greatly avail and are of much importance viz. Religion which is of such force and might to amplifie Cities and Dominions and of such attractive virtue to replenish the same with people and wealth and to hold them in due obedience as none can be more for without adoration of some Dietie no common wealth can subsist Witness Jerusalem Rome Constantinople and all other cities that have been famous for the prosession of Religion or Divine worship And no marvel for there is not any thing in this world of more efficacie force to allure and draw to it the hearts of Men than God which is the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 He is carefully defined and continually sought for of all creatures for all regard Him as their last end and refuge Light things apply themselves upwards heavy things downwards the Heavens to Revolution the Herbs to flowers Trees to bear fruit Beasts to present their kind and Man in seeking his tranquilitie and everlasting glory But forasmuch as God is of so high a nature as the sense and understanding of Man cannot conceive it every man directly turns himself to that place where he leaves some print of his power or declares some sign of his assistance And to such persons whom he seemeth more especially to have revealed himself Academies Schools of Learning with convenient immunities and privileges for Scholars and means for Recreation for Delight are of great importance to enlarge and enrich a citie for asmuch as men long for honour and profit and of Arts liberal sciences some bring certain wealth to men and some promotions preterments to honourable functions for by this means not onely young men those that are desirous of Learning and Virtue in the same Common-wealth will be retained in their own Countrey but also strangers will be drawn home to them And the more will this be available if occasion be given to Scholars and students to rise to degrees of Honour and preferment by their learned exercises and that by the Policie of the same citie good Wits be accounted of and rewarded well that the same Academies and Schools be stored with plentie of Doctours and learned men of great same and reputation Courts of Iustice with due execution of the same in a citie do much enable enlarge enrich it for it fasteneth a great liking in a citie to virtuous men and such as be wealthie that therein they may be free and in safetie from the violence of the oppressions of covetous and wicked men and there will be rather resort thither to inhabit or traffick there as occasions may minister unto them And many others that have cause of suite will repair thither whereas they may be sure to find Iudgement and Iustice duely
executed whereby the citie must needs be enlarged and enriched for our lives and all that ever we have are in the hands of Iustice so that if Iustice be not administred amongst men in vain is there any societie and commerce or any other thing can be profitable or safe so much is love and charitie failed and iniquitie increased upon the face of the earth The excellencie and multitude likewise of Artificers exercising their manuall arts and trades do marvellously increase and enrich a State whereof some are necessary some commodious for a civil life other some are of pomp and ornament and other some of delicacie and curiositie whereof doth follow con course of people that labour and work and current money which doth enrich and supply Materials for labourers and work-men buying and selling transportation from place to place which doth imploy and increase the artificious and cunning parts of the wit of Man and this art and exquisitnesse of work manship and skill is so powerfull herein that to far excels the simple commodities and materials that Nature produceth and is alone sufficient of it self to make a Citie or State both magnificient and glorious and the daily experience we have in these our dayes and in former times doth manifestly approve the same and make evident without all contradiction Some naturall benefits that a Citie also may have for the excellency of Art or work manship of some special commodities above any other place either through the qualitie of the Water or other matter whatsoever or some hidden mysterie of the inhabitants in working thereof may be a great help for the enlargement and enriching of a citie The command of a Countrie that affordeth some proper commoditie is of it self sufficient mightily to bring a Citie to great wealth and to advance it to great power and draweth thereby dependence and concourse much advantageous also as well for the publick weal as the private person A Citie also may be Lord of much Merchandize and traffick by means of the commodious situation to many Nations to whom it serveth and hath relation to as Ware houses Roomth and Store-houses by reason whereof the nations adjoyning do use to resort thereunto to make their provisions of such things And this consisteth in the largenesse of the Ports the fitnesse of the gulphs and creeks of the seas in the Navigable rivers and channels and the plain and safe ways that leadeth to the Citie or that come our turn by or near it Priviledge and freedom from Customs and exactions ' doth greatly increase the Trade and draw inhabitants to a citie whereby the same may become both rich and powerfull whereof the Maâ—ts and Fairs and Markets bear good witnesse which are frequented with great concourse of people Tradesmen and Merchants for no other respect but that they are there free and frank from Customs and exactions And the cities in Flanders are lively testimonies hereof where the Customs are very small By reason whereof all such as have erected new Cities in times past to draw concourse of people unto it have granted large immunities and priviledges at the least to the first inhabitants thereof The like have they done that have restored Cities emptied with Plague consumed with Wars or afflicted with Famin or some other scourge of God In respect whereof Freedom of Cities hath been often granted to such as would with their families inhabit there or would bring Corn and other necessaries for provision of victual The Romans to increase their Cities made the Towns that well deserved of them which they after called Municiple to be partakers of their franchises and priviledges The first means the Romans used to allure people to make their habitations rather in Rome than else where was the opening the Sanctuarie giving libertie and freedom to all that would come unto them In respect whereof there flocked thither with their goods numbers of people that were either racked with exactions thrust out of their habitations or unsafe or unsure for their lives in their own Countreys for Religion sake The very same reason in a manner hath increased so much the citie of Geneva for as much as it hath offered entertainment to all commers out of France and Italie that have either forsaken or been exiled their Countreys for Religions sake Likewise triumphs goodly buildings battels on the water fights of sword-players hunting of wild beasts publick shows and sights plays solemnized with great pomp and preparation and many other such things do draw the curious people to a citie inspeakably which leaves behind them much treasure and for such cause will rather settle themselves to inhabit there than in other places This was also the devise of Rome in her infancy to enlarge herself The Causes that Concern the Magnificencie of a CITIE TO confirm a Citie in her Greatness Justice Peace and Pleantie are the undoubted means for Justice assureth every man his own Peace causeth all Arts and negotiation whatsoever to flourish and Plentie of food and victuall that sustaineth the life of Man with ease and much contentment To conclude All those things that cause the Greatnesse of a Citie are also fit to conserve the same Sir Walter Raleigh's Seat of GOVERNMENT That the Seat of Government is up 〈…〉 y the two great pillars thereof viz. Civile Iustice and Martiall Policie which are framed out of Husbandrie Merchandize and Gentry of this Kingdom THey say that the goodliest CEDARS which grow on the high mountains of Libanâ—s thrust their roots between the clifts of hard Rocks the better to bear them selves against the strong storms that blow there As Nature hath instructed those kings of Trees so hath Reason taught the Kings of Men to â—oot themselves in the hardie Hearts of their faithfull Subjects And as those kings of Trees have large Tops so have the Kings of Men large Crowns whereof as the first would soon be broken from their bodies were they not underborn by many branches o would the other easily tytter were they not fastened on their heads with the strong chains of Civil Justice and Martial Discipline 1. For the administration of the first even God himself hath given direction Judge and Officers shalt thou make which shall judge the People with righteous judgement 2 The second is grounded on the first Laws of the world and nature that Force is to be repelled by Force Yea Moses in the 10 of Exodus and elsewhere hath delivered us many Laws Policies of War But as we have heard of the neglect and abuse in both so have we heatd of the decline and ruine of many Kingdoms States long before our days for that Policie hath never yet prevailed though it hath served for a short season where the counterfeit hath been sold for the natural and the outward shew and formalitie for the substance Of the Emperour Charls the Fourth the writers of that age witness that he used but the name of
of the wars in France and the losse of Rochett he was them enforced to consent to the Lords in all they demanded in the tenth of his reigne he fined the City of London at 50000. marks because they had received Lewis of France in the 11. year in the Parliament at Oxford he revoked the great Charter being granted when he was under age and governed by the Earle of Pembroke and the Bishop of Winchester in this 11. year the Earles of Cornewall and Chester Marshall Edward Earle of Pembroke Gilbert Earle of Gloucester Warren Hereford Ferrars and Warwick and others rebelled against the King and constrained him to yeeld unto them in what they demaunded for their particular interest which rebellion being appeased he sayled into France and in his 15. year he had a 15th of the temporality and a disme and a half of the spirituality and withall escuage of every Knights fee. COUNS. But what say you to the Parliament of Westminster in the 16th of the King where notwithstanding the wars of France and his great charge in repulsing the Welsh rebels he was flatly denyed the Subsidy demanded IUST I confesse my Lord that the house excused themselves by reason of their poverty and the Lords taking of Armes in the next year it was manifest that the house was practised aganst the King And was it not so my good Lord think you in our two last Parliaments for in the first even those whom his Majesty trusted most betrayed him in the union and in the second there were other of the great ones ran counter But your Lordship spake of dangers of Parliaments in this my Lord there was a denyall but there was no danger at all but to returne where I left what got the Lords by practizing the house at that time I say that those that brake this staffe upon the King were overturned with the counterbuffe for he resumed all those lands which he had given in his minority he called all his exacting officers to accompt he found them all faulty he examined the corruption of other Magistrates and from all these he drew sufficient money to satisfie his present necessity whereby he not onely spared his people but highly contented them with an act of so great Iustice Yea Hubert Earle of Kent the chief Iustice whom he had most trusted and most advanced was found as false to the King as any one of the rest And for conclusion in the end of that year at the assembly of the States at Lambeth the King had the fortieth part of every mans goods given him freely toward his debts for the people who the same year had refused to give the King any thing when they saw he had squeased those spunges of the Common-wealth they willingly yeelded to give him satisfaction COUNS. But I pray you what became of this Hubert whom the King had favoured above all men betraying his Majesty as he did IUST There were many that perswaded the King to put him to death but he could not be drawn to consent but the King seized upon his estate which was great yet in the end he left him a sufficient portion and gave him his life because he had done great service in former times For this Majesty though he tooke advantage of his vice yet he forgot not to have consideration of his vertue And upon this occasion it was that the King betrayed by those whom he most trusted entertained strangers and gave them their offices and the charge of his Castles and strong places in England COUNS. But the drawing in of those strangers was the cause that Marshall Earle of Pembroke moved war against the King JUST It is true my good Lord but he was soon after slain in Ireland and his whole masculine race ten yeares extinguished though there were five Sons of them and Marshal being dead who was the mover and ring-leader of that war the King pardoned the rest of the Lords that had assisted Marshall COUNS. What reason had the King so to doe JUST Because he was perswaded that they loved his person and only hated those corrupt Counsellors that then bare the greatest sway under him as also because they were the best men of war he had whom if he destroyed having war with the French he had wanted Commanders to have served him COUNS. But what reason had the Lords to take armes JUST Because the King entertained the Poictovins were not they the Kings vassals also Should the Spaniards rebell because the Spanish King trusts to the Neapolitans Fortagues Millanoies and other Nations his vassals seeing those that are governed by the Vice-royes and deputies are in policy to be well entertained to be employed who would otherwise devise how to free themselves whereas being trusted and imployed by their Prince they entertain themselves with the hopes that other the Kings vassals do if the King had called in the Spaniards or other Nations not his Subjects the Nobilitie of England had reason of grief COUNS. But what people did ever serve the King of England more faithfully then the Gascoynes did even to the last of the conquest of that Duchie IUST Your Lordship sayes well and I am of that opinion that if it had pleased the Queen of Eng. to have drawn some of the chief of the Irish Nobilitie into Eng. and by exchange to have made them good free-holders in Eng. she had saved above 2. millions of pounds which were consumed in times of those Rebellions For what held the great Gascoigne firme to the Crown of England of whom the Duke of Espernon married the Inheritrix but his Earldome of Kendall in England whereof the Duke of Espernon in right of his Wife beares the Title to this day And to the same end I take it hath Iames our Soveraign Lord given Lands to divers of the Nobilitie of Scotland And if I were worthy to advise your Lordship I should think that your Lordship should do the King great service to put him in mind to prohibite all the Scottish Nation to alienate and sell away their inheritance here for they selling they not only give cause to the English to complain that the Treasure of England is transported into Scotland but his Majestie is thereby also frustrated of making both Nations one and of assuring the service and obedience of the Scots in future COUNS. You say well for though those of Scotland that are advanced and enriched by the Kings Majesties will no doubt serve him faithfully yet how their heires and successors having no inheritance to lose in England may be seduced is uncertain But let us go on with our Parliament And what say you to the denyall in the 26th year of his reigne even when the King was invited to come into France by the Earle of March who had married his Mother and who promised to assist the King in the conquest of many places lost IUST It is true my good Lord that a subsidie was then denied and the reasons are
condition that for one whole year no subsedies should be demanded but this promise was as suddenly forgotten as made for in the end of that year the great subsedy of Poll mony was granted in the Parliament at Northampton COUNS. Yea but there followed the terrible Rebellion of Baker Straw and others Leister Wrais and others IUST That was not the fault of the Parliament my Lord it is manifest that the subsedy given was not the cause for it is plain that the bondmen of England began it because the were girevously prest by their Lords in their tenure of Villenage as also for the hatred they bate to the Lawyers and Atturneyes for the story of those times say that they destroyed the houses and Mannors of men of Law such Lawyers as they caught slew them and beheaded the Lord chief Iustice which commotion being once begun the head mony was by other Rebels pretended A fire is often kindled with a little straw which oftentimes takes hold of greater timber consumes the whole building And that this Rebellion was begun by the discontented slaves whereof there have been many in Elder times the like is manifest by the Charter of Manumission which the King granted in hec verba Rich. Dei gratid c. Sciatis quod de gratiâ nostrâ spirituali manumissimus c. to which seeing the King was constrained by force of armes he revoked the letters Pattents and made them voide the same revocation being strengthened by the Parliament ensuing in which the King had given him a subsedy upon Woolls called a Maletot In the same fourth year was the Lord Treasurer discharged of his Office and Hales Lord of St. Iohns chosen in his place in his fift year was the Treasurer again changed and the Staffe given to Segrave and the Lord Chancellour was also changed and the staffe given to the Lord Scroope Which Lord Scroope was again in the beginning of his sixt year turned off and the King after that he had for a while kept the Seal in his own hand gave it to the Bishop of London from whom it was soon after taken and bestowed on the Earle of Suffolke who they say had abused the King and converted the Kings Treasure to his own use To this the King condiscended and though saith Walsingham he deserved to loose his life and goods yet he had the favour to go at liberty upon good sureties and because the King was but young that the reliefe granted was committed to the trust of the Earle of Arundell for the furnishing of the Kings Navy against the French COUNS. Yet you see it was a dishonour to the King to have his beloved Chancellour removed IUST Truly no for the King had both his fine 1000l lands and asubsedy to boot And though for the present it pleased the King to fancy a man all the world hated the Kings passion overcomming his judgement yet it cannot be call'd a dishonour for the King is to believe the generall counsell of the Kingdome and to preser it before his affection especially when Suffolke was proved to be false even to the King for were it otherwise love and affection might be called a frenzie and a madnesse for it is the nature of humane passions that the love bred by fidelity doth change it self into hatred when the fidelity is first changed into falshood COUNS. But you see there were thirteen Lords chosen in the Parliament to have the oversight of the government under the King IUST No my Lord it was to have the oversight of those Officers which saith the story had imbezeled lewdly wasted and prodigally spent the Kings Treasure for to the Commission to those Lords or to any six of them joyn'd with the Kings Counsell was one of the most royall and most profitable that ever he did if he had bin constant to himself But my good Lord man is the cause of his own misery for I will repeat the substance of the commission granted by the King and confirmed by Parliament which whether it had bin profitable for the King to have prosecured your Lordship may judge The preamble hath these words Whereas our Sovereigne Lord the King perceiveth by the grievous complaints of the Lords and Commons of this Realme that the rents profits and revenues of this Realme by the singular and insufficient Councell and evill government as well of some his late great Officers and others c. are so much withdrawen wasted given granted alienated destroyed and evill dispended that he is so much impoverished and void of treasure and goods and the substance of the Crown so much diminished and destroyed that his estate may not honorably be sustained as appertaineth The King of his free will at the request of the Lords and Commons hath ordained William Archbishop of Canterbury and others with his Chancellour Treasurer keeper of his privy seal to survey and examine as well the estate and governance of his house c. as of all the rents and profits and revenues that to him appertaineth and to be due or ought to appertain and be due c. And all manner of gifts grants alienations and confirmations made by him of lands tenements rents c. bargained and sold to the prejudice of him and his Crown c. And of his jewels goods which were his Grandfathers at the time of his death c. and where they be become This is in effect the substance of the commission which your Lordship may read at large in the book of Statutes this commission being enacted in the tenth year of the Kings reigne Now if such a commission were in these dayes granted to the faithfull men that have no interest in the sales gifts nor purchases nor in the keeping of the jewells at the Queens death nor in the obtaining grants of the Kings best lands I cannot say what may be recovered and justly recovered and what say your Lordship was not this a noble act for the King if it had been followed to effect COUNS. I cannot tell whether it were or no for it gave power to the Commissiouers to examine all the grants IUST Why my Lord doth the King grant any thing that shames at the examination are not the Kings grants on record COUNS. But by your leave it is some dishonour to a King to have his judgement called in question IUST That is true my Lord but in this or whensoever the like shall be granted in the future the Kings judgement is not examined but their knavery that abused the King Nay by your favour the contrary is true that when a King will suffer himself to be eaten up by a company of petty fellows by himself raised therein both the judgement and courage is disputed And if your Lordship will disdain it at your own servants hands much more ought the great heart of a King to disdain it And surely my Lord it is a greater treason though it undercreep the law to tear from the