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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A12119	Sir Antony Sherley his relation of his trauels into Persia The dangers, and distresses, which befell him in his passage, both by sea and land, and his strange and vnexpected deliuerances. His magnificent entertainement in Persia, his honourable imployment there-hence, as embassadour to the princes of Christendome, the cause of his disapointment therein, with his aduice to his brother, Sir Robert Sherley, also, a true relation of the great magnificence, valour, prudence, iustice, temperance, and other manifold vertues of Abas, now King of Persia, with his great conquests, whereby he hath inlarged his dominions. Penned by Sr. Antony Sherley, and recommended to his brother, Sr. Robert Sherley, being now in prosecution of the like honourable imployment.	Sherley, Anthony, Sir, 1565-1635?	1613 (1613)	STC 22424; ESTC S117262	94,560	148

perswaded he returned with all expedition to the king who assuring himselfe the more by the denial of the former related accusations instantly commanded his guard of twelue thousand Courtchies to be in a readinesse with which and a thousand of the Xa-Hammagaes he vsed such celerity that he preuented the newes of his comming and was sooner arriued at Ferrats house then he had almost opinion that his messenger had beene returned yet although amazed with his owne guiltinesse and the kings sudden comming he made shift to make great shew of the indisposition which hee had so long counterfeited The king as soone as he came vnto him said that hee had taken a great iourney to visit him in his sicknesse and to bring him the cure thereof and hauing commanded all out of the Chamber but themselues onely alone as the king himselfe told me he vsed such like speeches vnto him Father I do acknowledge that first from God then from you these fortunes which now I haue haue receiued their being And I know that as a man I may both erre in my merit to God and in my well deseruing of your seruice But my intention I can assure you is most perfect in both the time of my establishment in my estate hath beene so small that I could scarce vse it sufficiently to performe my generall duty towards my people ouer whom by Gods permission I am appoynted much lesse to prouide for euery particular satisfaction as I mind and will doe which you principally as a Father to me both in your yeares and my election should haue borne withal But since some ill spirit hath had power to mis-leade your wisedome so far as to make you forget your great vertue you shall once receiue wholesome counsell from me as I haue done often from you And because that all counsels as well in publicke as priuate deliberations require a reposed spirit free and pure from wrath feare all perturbation or perticular interest for a troubled mind is more apt to erre then to aduse iustly and hath more need of proper medicines for it selfe then it hath properly in it selfe to apply any comfort to others and is fitter to receiue then to giue counsell from which as from a great and violent current are caried all those errours and disorders which are brought vpon rash deliberations the which haue euer long repentances and disasters as the perpetuall memories of their hauing bene and are most of all detestably blameable when such an imprudency is accompanied with that infinite damage as to thinke of alteration in a state which cannot proceede without in-iustice seeleratenesse bloud and a thousand mischiefes an act in it selfe wonderfull difficult wonderfull wicked and proceeding from an incomparable vile quality But hee that can restraine himselfe from being transported by vntemperate apetites and can dominate his passions and giue a iust rule to himselfe to his cupidities and desires doth euer giue the best time to all deliberations by mittigating heat and fury and so altereth all counsell from that nature which it receiueth from an vnquiet and troubled mind Which if you had done you would not haue entred into a thought onely of so dangerous an action against your selfe nor so dishonourable as to haue machinated the ruine and trouble of your owne King Friend Country which though it be palesated it is but to my selfe only who rather desire to chastice you as a friend with good admonition then by rigour Therfore though it be euer incident to all men to haue this great defect to feare chiefely nearest dangers and to esteeme much lesse then they ought of the future Yet bee you most assured that the perill which you might feare from my person is much lesse then that which you had throwne your selfe into if you had or should prosecute your enterprizes From my person you shall neuer except by great constraint from your selfe looke for any thing of other condition then a true Princely loue and a Royall regard of your seruices In the other course you called against my will vpon your selfe the rigor of Iustice and fury of the sword which in the warre consumeth all alike And because in that aduersity which a mans minde bringeth vpon himselfe the feares and terrours are euer greater then the euils which concurre with them be you of good comfort without the feeling onely of any such conditioned thing and call strength from your minde to your body that you may endure to go with me to Hisphaan where you shall haue cause to digest all these melancholies Ferrat neither excused nor confessed but indifferently answered the king as sory to haue giuen cause of offence and infinitely reioycing as hee seemed that the king had so royally pacified himselfe with him and not daring to refuse to go with the king desired him to vse some few daies in the visiting of the Countrey in which time hee hoped that God and the comfort of his presence would raise him from his infirmity The king certainly as I before said was by all necessity in the world either forced to execute him or to recōcile him perfectly vnto him for any midle course had but made him desperate and aggrauated all sort of perill which he might haue feared from him his seruices already done his valour and vertue were of great moment to perswade the king to the easier way being ioyned to his owne excellent mind which I haue seene the rarest proofes of that may bee brought forth by Prince or man liuing But Ferrat Can who knew that true iustice neuer weigheth offences and deserts but seuerally and without intermingling them together rewardeth the one and chasticeth the other and that benefites are more easier forgotten then iniuries feeling the weight of his offence and measuring the kings heart by his owne gaue the wickednesse of his minde power ouer his vertue And though hee seemed altered to all good intentions yet his heart was still swollen with that poyson which shortly brought him to destruction The king hauing staid some eight or ten dayes in the Countrey was sooner hastened thence then hee thought by the newes of the Queenes death who was deceased by a sudden and violent sicknesse after his departure so that with great speede taking Ferrat with him and leauing Lieu-tenant in the Countrey for Ferrat Mahomet Shefia he returned to Hisphaan where after some dayes spent in sorrow for his great losse hee sent to Alexander the other Can of the Georgians to demand his daughter by that meanes to binde againe that league which might haue beene dissolued by the death of the other Queene In that Embassage went Xa-Tamas Coolibeague who returned with the Lady within few moneths In the meane time the brother to that king of Corasan who had so royally and carefully brought vp the king of Persia when he fled from the wrath of his father rebelled against his brother slue him and all his children but onely one whose tutors fled with

Iudges Aduocates and his Maiesties Councell appointed for the good of the Prouince hauing euer taken those direct waies which were fit for his Maiesty and benefite of the Prouince if the Gouernour in his particular acts had taken counsels with his particular appetites and executed them according to the same neither he nor any of the Councel were blameable neuer hauing heard a voice onely to that effect which those men also who were a great number falling downe vpon their faces confessed to the King and that their long silence had giuen the Gouernour the more boldnesse to vse the vtermost of extortion and tyrannous exaction vpon them The Gouernour denied some maintained other to bee done vpon iust causes but all so confusedly and with so vnstable a fashion of proceeding as hee bewrayed his owne guiltinesse notwithstanding the king stayed his iudgement either of him or the causes vntill another day of hearing In the meane time hee appoynted Marganobeague Bastan-Aga and one Maxausebeague which is as it were Treasurer of his house to take some secret wayes to finde the true carriage of the Gouernour during the whole time of his function Which they did with great vprightnesse and dexterity And hauing related what they had approuedly found there were so many and so great causes brought against him I meane of wresting of Money bribery monopolizing and such things as more could not bee imagined which had beene small matters in a Princes state whose fauours and graces are priuiledged aboue the common good of the people and who change by their owne conniuence their Royall estate to a tyranny of fauourites and a few Counsellors who concurring in the spoyle of the people concurre also in so cruell a suppression of their iust cryes that their lifting vp their voyces for Iustice is as great a sinne as almost a perfect Rebellion and the same Iustice which should protect them against inique oppression inflicteth seuere chastisement onely for presuming to palesate such oppressions A miserable calamitie for the poore flocke where the Sheepheards heareth the wooll and the Brambles rent the flesh But this King whom wee call barbarous though from his example wee may learne many great and good things knowing that the true care of a Prince must bee euer the publique good and the capablenesse of his ruling would bee iudged by his true Iustice and election of his Ministers and distribution of his fauour vpon the worthiest which also should make a worthy vse of it The next day that hee sate in iudgement hee called the Gouernour then hauing told him that hee which had liued with him in the time of his greatest calamity must needes bee so well acquainted with the inwardnesse of his disposition that all the world would imagine as Princes euer are examples of good or euill to their subiects so they are most to those which are neereliest conuersant with them And according to that opinion hee had giuen him his authority for the great fauour and confidence hee reposed in him that hee knew well the errour which they had both committed the one not making a true iudgement of the others disposition That the transgression of Lawes and Orders in any State was the first naturall corruption which grew in it to prouide for which good Princes did both watchfully industriate themselues and dispersed part of the care which grew too great for themselues to the trust they had in the vertue of their Ministers who should euer as the very greatest and truest causes beware of those courses of Iustice which should bee of least terrour and procure themselues and their Princes most hatred which was to pill the subiects goods a thing of no example but to euill and of infinite odiousnesse especially when there was no iust cause why any sort of punishment should bee inflicted And because these acts of so great a Minister as hee was both for the place hee held of authority and fauour with him might giue the world cause to suspect his owne inclination the which since no former example could make him knowe hee would now shew the world and teach him that the wickednesse of Princes and great Men are worse in the example th●n in the fault since by the euill custome of the world to follow them they generate great corruptions by the imitation of others And because in a man of his place there could bee no more wicked acts then hee had committed nor in a Prince nothing more proportionable with his place nor fitter for his security then the chastisement of such wicked acts And if hee should pardon so great extortions and scelerate wronges as hee had inflicted vpon the poore people committed to his charge besides that hee should verifie the worst suspicions men might haue of him he should by so ill a president trouble the mindes of his whole state cast many good men and their goods into ruine multiply the like or worse scandals oppressing the causes of Iustice and so draw into the world without shame or feare all sort of excesses this should bee his iudgement That all his Goods and Lands should bee sold for the satisfaction of those men whom hee had spoyled And if any thing wanted since the King by giuing him that Authority was partly the cause of those excesses hee condemned himselfe to pay the residue out of his Treasury That if any thing aduanced it should be giuen to his Children with a grieuous Edict that no succour should bee ministred vnto himselfe For that since Death was a concluder of his offence shame and the memory of it hee should not dye but goe during his life with a great yoke like a Hoggesyoke about his necke haue his Nose and Eares cut off and haue no charitable releefe from any but what hee gained with his owne hands that he might feele in himselfe the misery which poore men haue to get and what a sinne it is to rent from them by violent extortion the birth of their sweat and labour This Iudgement strooke a mighty amazement into all the great men present and gaue an infinite ioy and comfort to the people The Turkes Embassadour which was there after he had stood silent a great while as a man halfe distracted sware publikely that hee saw before his eyes his maisters ruine being impossible that such fortune and vertue as the king was accompanied with could receiue any obstacle That night hee made Marganobeagus Gouernour of Casbin beeing well admonished by that great example of his duty Constantino a braue yong Gentleman being a Christian of Georgia hee called Mirza and gaue him the gouernement of Hisphaan and mee also hee called Mirza telling mee that hee would prouide condignely for mee And because hee had an vrgent occasion to goe post to Cassan I should receiue his pleasure by Marganobeague who brought mee the next morning a thousand Tomanas which is sixteene thousand Duckets of our Money fortie horses all furnished two with exceeding rich

reading or experience it hath beene a good and necessarie vse to set downe the nature of the people treated of in what sort they might be or were temperately gouerned and how much was learned of the Princes and great mens disposition iudgement and skill in ruling by which course they which obserued it were accounted wise and prudent vnderstāders of the times places which they conuersed in so in this time of greater corruption where all contrarie examples not seen nor knowne by vs may breed a wonder by that rarenesse of others vertues and by that a detestation of our owne familiar vices which giue few amongst vs the wisedome to make a true distinction of honestie from dishonestie that which is iustly profitable from that which is vniustly harmefull by which meanes may be gathered more and better profit by other mens foraine experience then those examples in which they are daily exercised But as such a fashion of declaration will be of the best sort of vse so I am not ignorant with how little delight and credit it will be accompanied For to relate the situation of of countries the variable euents of the acts of great Princes and Captaines these do detaine and reuiue as it were the minds of the readers I speake onely of a good intention tossed with the tempests first of many desperate calamities then with many potent oppositions the iustice wisedome temperance liberalitie valour mercifulnesse and generality of all excellent vertues in a Prince esteemed by vs barbarous and yet indeed fit to be a patterne and mirrour to some of ours who haue Christ in our mouthes and not the least of his Saints in our hearts Besides the varietie of his fortunes disposition bridled and brought to a good inclination by the force of his wisedome and goodnesse and true experience of the power of fortune in which discourse there is no alteration of matter the subiect being euer the person of the king and his excelling vertues which I had rather speake of to point out by them the happinesse of his state then to see a farre off the miseries of some of ours swimming in blood full of cruell commandement continuall accusations false frendships the ruine of innocents implacable factions and pernicious ends of things contrarie to that which ought to be with vs of a better profession and is with those which we despise But to returne to my purpose Mahomet-Aga being arriued at the Court and refreshed some small time the day of his audience was honoured with all the Princes of the kings Court and my selfe being too weake through my long sicknesse the king commanded that my brother should be present also where after a magnificent oration of his Masters potencie in all conditions of force he told the king that he was sent to admonish him to remain constant in the truce with his Master to require restitution of those Courdines which without licence had abandoned their possessions in his Masters Prouinces and contrarie to the tearmes of amity were intertained by him That his Master also demanded the restitution of Corassa● to the former gouernment in the alteration of which though he knew his greatnesse and Maiestie violated yet he could yeeld so much from what he ought to do to the king of Persias years and heat of valour that hee would content himselfe with that satisfaction Then he aduised him to force his nature and couer this vaine glimmering of fortune with iudgement and good counsell which euer would aduise him to maintaine and preserue his estate rather with warie then violent counsels This his Master demanded of him to obliterate by the facile granting of it all greater iniuries wished his Maiestie to consider well of the demand the condition of the demander and his owne Denials euer to such Potentates being receiued for maine offences that it was euer a wise determination to yeeld to the authoritie of time and necessitie and to auoid by that good iudgement vrgent perils and sinister conditions nothing being a more secure repaire then to strike satle against insupportable tempests it many times happening that the too great valour of men vsed with too great confidence is ●itterly persecuted and sometimes oppressed with an vnhappie course of fortune against the current of which when once through error it breaketh ●orth no humane force or wit can make any resistance And because all men for the most part are blind in discerning the iudgement of good or ill counsels from their end celebrating them when they prosper with a false argument from the successe his Maiestie should giue a great example of true wisedome not to be so much ouerborne with the present delight or future hopes extracted from those first prosperous successes as not to be able to lift vp his eyes to see the clouds which he had raised by some of them which if they were not preuented would break forth into extreme tempests To conclude he said that his Maiestie must be so farre from thinking to weaken his Maister by cunning and by artifice and so to keepe his Armes farre from him that he must resolue such courses to be seruile and to execute apparantly and presently onely princely and like himselfe so that eyther he must proue himselfe a friend or declare himself an enemie The first would merit any priuate grace which should be no sooner deserued then attained the other would giue glory and honour to the victor euer deare and honest to the winner precipitious and shamefull to the looser And not speaking of the inuinciblenesse of his Master God himselfe would iudge the first vniust infringer of an amitie sworne to his great name The King without any thing mouing from his accustomed grauitie tempering the iustice of his indignation with the true magnanimitie of his minde answered him to this effect That as the greatnesse of riches and treasure were oftentimes pernicious to Princes so were abundance of men and largenesse of dominions to such as were too weake to gouerne them therefore that extolling the magnificency of his Master which might breed wonder and terrour in those who were not capable of greatnesse was no mouer of him to decline from any part of that which belonged to his owne greatnesse He had receiued the Courdines oppressed by the tyrannie of cruel ministers into his protection and as their comming to him proceeded of their owne will so their returne from him should be voluntarie and not through his constraint Corasan he had iustly taken from an vsurper and would restore the lawfull Prince who should receiue the benefit from his munificence and not from any point of the Turks instance But wherefore should he be bound to giue a stricter account of his actions to the Turke then became equall Princes to aske the one of the other as though the lawes of ruling had but one moderator before whose tribunall they should be all presented Tauris belonged to his predecessors so did Sicruan so did Dierbech

SIR ANTONY SHERLEY HIS RELATION OF HIS TRAVELS INTO PERSIA THE DANGERS AND DIStresses which befell him in his passage both by sea and land and his strange and vnexpected deliuerances HIS MAGNIFICENT ENTERTAINEment in PERSIA his Honourable imployment there-hence as Embassadour to the Princes of Christendome the cause of his disapointment therein with his aduice to his brother Sir ROBERT SHERLEY ALSO A TRVE RELATION OF THE great Magnificence Valour Prudence Iustice Temperance and other manifold Vertues of ABAS now King of PERSIA with his great Conquests whereby he hath inlarged his Dominions Penned by Sr. ANTONY SHERLEY and recommended 〈…〉 brother Sr. ROBERT SHERLEY being now in pro●●cution of the like Honourable Imployment LONDON Printed for Nathaniell Butter and Ioseph Bagfet 1613. TO THE READER MAny haue beene desirous to vnderstand on what hopes helpes and grounds Sir Anthony Sherley with his brother Sir Robert Sherley and many other friends and followers of our Nation could not onely be induced to vndertake to trauell into a Kingdome so farre remote and to liue amongst a people so farre different in Religion Language and Manners as that of Persia is from ours but also he supplied of all necessaries for life in a plenteous and magnificent manner and so highly endeare his seruice and industry to that King and State as to bee esteemed and called a Mirza or Prince of Persia and to bee employed within few monthes after his comming thither as Embassador from so great a Potentate in a matter of such ma●ne consequence and trust to many of the greatest Princes and States of Christendome And no lesse haue many meruailed how after his failing in the accomplishment of so great an enterprise for want of due correspondence in an Instrument hee had taken vnto him out of that Country for his better credence his Brother Sir Robert Sherley whom hee left behind him in Persia could not onely maintaine his reputation but win so much credite with that King as to be honoured with the Title of his Embassadour to the Princes of Christendome in the like employment newly reuiued At his late being here in England where hee hath beene so accepted as in the Courts of other great Princes of Christendome a Gentleman of some vnderstanding conuersing oftentimes with him and being desirous of true information concerning that action whereof he had formerly heard and read some incoherent and fabulous reports conferred with him often concerning the carriage and circumstances of their proceedings and thereby gaue him occasion to discourse vnto him as well of the motiues of that enterprise as of many accidents that befell him and his Brother in the conduct of that affaire Wherein al-be-it hee receiued good satisfaction in diuers particularities yet because the questions occasioning such discourse were but incidently moued and by many occasions that happened their conferences were often interrupted On the entreaty of the said Gentleman for the better satisfying of himselfe and such others of his friends as might bee desirous out of their curiosity to vnderstand the whole progresse dependance and prosecution of the said voyage into Persia hee obtained of the Persian Embassadour a Copy of this discourse penned by his Brother Sir Anthony Sherley as it seemeth since his returne out of Persia into Europe for the better satisfaction of his friends and preseruing the memory of so memorable an action To these labours of his Brother Sir Robert Sherley himselfe as time and opportunity shall giue him leaue hath promised some addition of his owne endeuours which being not yet in such readinesse as his friends haue wished and desired This discourse being but the former part yet containing the Register ●f so rare an attempt whatsoeuer the suc●sse hath bene or may bee as hath seldome bene seene in this or any former age by a priuate Gentleman to haue beene enterprized the same being recorded by his owne pen who hath beene the first and chiefe Actor in it hath bene thought by men of mature iudgement to whom it hath beene communicated besides the History it selfe which is pleasing and delightfull to containe many fruitfull aduertisements So that hauing in it both the eleuations of a high spirit and the obseruations of a man experienced and versed in great affaires it is the rather vnto thee re-commended THE TRVE History of Sir Anthony Sherleys Trauels into Persia Penned by himselfe SINCE men are brought forth vpon the earth for good ends the principallest of which is the glory of God and then to better the world in which many haue had bands either of necessity or other occupations to haue lesse experience by their knowledge I thinke I should mightily erre if I should not deliuer as well to others what I haue seene and learned by my passing so many and so strange countries as I should haue done if had not giuen my time and the expence of it to the first end which was and is God his great glory In my first yeares my friends bestowed on mee those learnings which were fit for a Gentlemans ornament without directing them to an occupation and when they were fit for agible things they bestowed them and me on my Princes seruice in which I ran many courses of diuers fortunes according to the condition of the warres in which as I was most exercised so was I most subiect to accidents With what opinion I carried my selfe since the causes of good or ill must be in my selfe and that a thing without my selfe I leaue it to them to speake my places yet in authority in those occasions were euer of the best in which if I committed errour it was contrary to my will and a weakenesse in my iudgement which notwithstanding I euer industriated my selfe to make perfect correcting my owne ouer-sights by the most vertuous examples I could make choise of Amongst which as there was not a Subiect of more worthinesse and vertue for such examples to grow from then the euer-liuing in honour and condigne estimation the Earle of Essex as my reuerence and regard to his rare qualities was exceeding so I desired as much as my humility might answere with such an eminency to make him the patterne of my ciuill life and from him to draw a worthy modell of all my actions And as my true loue to him did transforme me from my many imperfections to bee as it were an imitator of his vertues so his affection was such to mee that hee was not onely contended I should do so but in the true Noblenesse of his minde gaue me liberally the best treasure of his mind in counselling mee his fortune to helpe mee forward and his very care to beare mee vp in all those courses which might giue honour to my selfe and inworthy the name of his friend in so much that after many actions into which peraduenture he prouoked my owne slackenesse The Duke of Ferrara dying and leauing Don Cesare D'Este Inheritor of that Principality who by his birth could indeed challenge nothing

the state of that Noble Realme Notwithstanding the present power I meane resident in that Iland which is the instrument of that great tyranny is so small that if the little remnant of people which is left there had courage or if they haue courage had also armes or if the Princes Christian had but a compassionate eye turned vpon the miserable calamity of a place so neere them rent from the Church of God by the vsurpation of Gods and the worlds great enemy and maintained more by the terrour which his name hath stroke into some truely into others no more but that they are contented hee should bee thought terrible for the better progresse of their owne more vniust designes I do not see in that small iudgement which my experience hath giuen mee but the redemption of that place and people were most facile being but foure thousand Turkes in the whole Iland and the glory would bee immortall to the Actor besides the profite which must needs follow from so great an acquist and the preseruing of it would also bee of no expence nor hazard the peoples affection binding it selfe to their redeemer besides a necessity to keepe them vnited vnto him by the meanes of so abhorred a neighbour from whom their vindication into liberty must bee maintained by their owne constancy and his extreme weakenesse by sea warranting all tranquility from feare of a powrefull inuasion by which the Conquerour might be put in the least hazard But God who in his great iudgement weigheth mans sinnes and appointeth forth of his treasury of wrath scourges for their iniquities perhaps hath not fully satisfied his causefull indignation yet with the suffering of that people and therefore blindeth the eies of the good vnderstanding of all his great instruments whom hee hath raised in the world to glorifie his name to administer iustice and to lighten the burthen of the oppressed that they should not see the calamites of that Country nor that their cries should come into their eares by which their generous hearts should be moued to condigne compassion nor that their iudgements should be free to see their owne particular honour and profite So God vseth to show man that hee is a bubble raised onely by his breath mouing by the same and falling by the same according to the will of his great prouidence to which we in the pride of our nature yeeld not the true attribution due vnto it yet the powerfull working of it is such that with the confusion of our foolish pride it proueth it selfe an eternall wisedome which will giue lawes to the world and the bridle to all people and guideth onely the hearts of Princes From Paphos we went to the Salin●s in a litle hired barke where wee found the morizell in which wee came to Zant. The Portingal and his complices presently went on shore to the Subbassa of the place for so is called the gouernour there and told him diuers Pirats who had lost their Ships were come into the harbour in a small Boate amongst whom were some boies and youths worth much money besides I know not what iewels and treasure wee had amongst vs with the which he would giue him a good present also if hee would send some of his Souldiers and take vs. At this Oration of his were present certaine Armenian passengers who had knowne vs in the ship which moued with the enormity of so vile an act that Christians should sell and betray Christians to Turkes and that vpon no cause of offence which they were witnesses of wee should be persecuted with such a kind of inhumane cruelty with all speed possible hired a Boate themselues for Alexandretta came with it vnto vs prouided in it victuals for vs and the Maisters themselues to loose no time and beseeched vs with teares in their eies to flye from thence with all speed possible relating vnto vs the scelerattreason conspired against vs and our imminent perill Wherefore we instantly changed into that Boate and perceiuing a Fregat a farre off rowing towards vs for hast left most of our things behind vs and yet could not make so much speed but that the Ianizaries which were in the Fregat and chased vs bestowed some shot vpon vs and had peraduenture ouertaken vs if the night had not ended their chasing vs and our dangers This Boate in which wee were was an ordinary passenger betweene Ciprus and Alexandretta a small way of onely a night and a halfe sayling and halfe a daies sayling So that by reason the Maister was vnlike to mistake his way much lesse so iust contrary as hee did towards two houres in the night we met another passage-Boate put off from Famagusta holding the course which wee intended The night was faire with the shining of the moone and star-light yet by reason of the difference in sayling wee first lost sight of that Boate then by our different course the Maister of ours insteed of Alexandretta going for Tripoly which certainely was a great worke of God to preserue vs. The other Boate at breake of the day being taken at the entrance of the port of Alexandretta by certaine Turkish Pirates who put all to the sword that were in it and hearing of vs we had rowed so far into the Riuer Orontes before they could recouer vs that they durst no further prosecute that prey There we found a goodly Country repleat euen naturally with all the blessings the earth can giue to man for the most part vncultiuated here and there as it were sprinkled with miserable Inhabitors which in their fashion shewed the necessity they had to liue rather then any pleasure in their liuing From thence wee sent our Interpretor to Antiochia to prouide vs horses to bring vs thither which hee returned within two daies after and with them wee proceeded thither full of great care how we should escape from thence The Turke hauing giuen certaine scales to trade in out of which as it was vnlawfull for any to conuerse so it must needs be an vneuitable perill for so great a company when the same great Prouidence which at first defended vs from the former hazards gaue vs the good hap to meete with two Ianizaries Hungarish-runnagates who vnderstanding that we were Christians compelled against our dispositions into that place our intention to be a visitation of Ierusalem and with all our feare of some great preiudice by our being arriued out of the distinguished places for all Christians hauing told vs first that they themselues had beene Christians and though they had for reasons best knowne to themselues altered that condition yet they wished well to those which still were so and especially to all of those parts and afterwards cheerefully comforting vs inuited vs to lodge in their house securing vs by a number of protestations from all dangers which as they courteously offered so if I may giue so faire a terme to such a people they honourably performed For being by the Cady of Antiochia

and speake of my Ianizaries rare disposition vnto me who did not onely performe their promise in defending me in Antiochia but deliuered me safely from them into our English Consuls hands in Aleppo from whom and from all the Merchants there abiding I receiued such an entertainment with so carefull so kinde and so honourable a respect as I must needs say they were the onely Gentlemen or the most benigne Gentlemen that euer I met withall For my company being so great that it was no light burthen vnto them besides gaue an occasion to the Turkes condition of getting to make quarrels for that end so that they were not onely at expence by defraying me and mine but at more by preseruing vs from oppression amongst them I had not beene fully one moneth expecting a commodity of passage by carrauan into Persia but that the Morizell arriued who presently had the aduice of my being at Aleppo And though that Hugo de Potso threatned as much as an ill mind and great purse could make him hope to preuaile against me by and questionlesse had raised some great trouble against me if he had come safe to Aleppo Yet euer the first prouidence which saued me before determined so well also for me then that foure miles from Aleppo he dyed By which meanes I was preserued from perill and those honest Merchants my friends from great trouble Neither do I speake of these strange escapings with a vaine ostentation of pride as though I would haue the world iudge more of my person then of a most ordiry fellow but onely to example to other how much it pleaseth God to fauour good intentions that those which put themselues into the worlds dangers may euer arme themselues with them as the onely preseruatiue against all sort of Inconueniences For though in the corruption of our nature generally and weakenesse of our faith wee cannot possibly hope to be defended by such a strong working hand as God vseth for the safety of his Saints yet no question good intentions haue such a sympathy with Gods owne disposition that he will both assist them which haue them for their better incouragement and for others example being one of the chiefe means by which he instructeth the world After 6 weeks staying in Aleppo a wearisome time to my selfe being drawne from thence continually by the instigation of my desire which longed for the accomplishment of the end that I proposed to my selfe and as chargeable a time for my friends which would needs make me a burthensome guest vnto them the Tafterdall which is the Treasurer and the great Cady which is as it were the Lord chiefe Iustice of Babylon arriued at Aleppo from thence to go by the riuer of Euphrates to the place of their regiment With those as diuers others went so did I also for the more security of my voyage their company being euer defended besides with the respect of their persons with a good company of Ianizaries to Birr which is the place of imbarkment Diuers of our Merchants brought me and left me not vntill I was boated Thirty dayes we were going vpon the riuer to Babylon resting euery night by the shore side In all which way we found few townes onely Racha Ana Derrit and otherwise as little habitation except here and there a small village and one of better reputation which is the landing place thirty miles from Babylon called Phalugium To tell wonders of things I saw strange to vs that are borne in these parts is for a Traueller of another profession then I am who had my end to see and make vse of the best things not to feed my selfe and the world with such trifles as either by their strangenesse might haue a suspition of vntruth or by their lightnesse adde to the rest of my imperfections the vanity or smallnesse of my iudgement But because I was desirous to certifie my selfe truly of the estate of the Turke in those parts through which I passed vnderstanding where wee lodged one night that the Campe of Aborisci King of those Arabies which inhabite the desert of Messopotamia was a mile off I hazarded my selfe in that curiosity to go into it and saw a poore King with a ten or twelue thousand beggerly subiects liuing in tents of blacke haire-cloth yet so well gouerned that though our clothes were much better then theirs and their want might haue made them apt ynough to haue borrowed them of vs we passed notwithstanding through them all in such peace as we could not haue done being strangers amongst ciueller bred people That day as it happened was the day of Iustice amongst them which was pretty and warlike Certaine chiefe Officers of the Kings mounting on● horse-backe armed after their maner with their staues targets bowes and arrows and so giuing iudgment of all cases which the people brought before them The King gaue vs good words without any kinde of barbarous wondring or other distastfull fashion But when wee returned to our boat wee found the maister of his house maister of our boat with a sort of his Arabs and in conclusion we were forced to send his maister three verstes of cloth of gold for beholding his person This is that King of the Arabs which I said before was a Saniake of the Turkes and for that place held of the Turke Ana and Dirr two Townes vpon the riuer As soone as we came to Babylon hauing put the stocke which I had all into Iewels and Merchandize to carry the fashion of a Merchant at the Dog●na which is the Custome-house all whatsoeuer was stayed for the Bassa and as I perceiued not so much for any great vse which hee meant to make of those things as for the suspition which he had of me and mine extraordinary company bearing much cause thereof with it and because I gaue out I had more goods coming with the carrauan by land to bind me not to start from thence In the meane time by very necessity hauing left me nothing in the world what extreme affliction I was in by that means for the present and in what iust cause of feare for the future euery man may easily iudge I had my brother with mee a yong Gentleman whose affection to me had onely led him to that disaster and the working of his owne vertue desiring in the beginning of his best yeares to inable himselfe to those things which his good minde raised his thoughts vnto I had also fiue and twenty other Gentlemen for the most part the rest such as had serued me long onely carried with their loues to mee into the couse of my fortune I had no meanes to giue them sustenance to liue and lesse hope to vnwrap them from the horrible snare into which I had brought them being farre from all friends and further from counsell not vnderstanding the language of the people into whose hands I was falne much lesse their proceedings onely thus much I knew they were Turkes

Dominion some wars daily grow in amongst them euen to the extirpation of a whole Nation As wee found freshly when wee passed by one of those Princes called Hiderbeague all whose people were deuored by the sword or carried away captiue by Cobatbeague and himselfe remained onely with some twenty soules in certaine poore Holdes in a Rocke The precise summe which I receiued of the Florentine I set not downe to preuent the scandales of diuers who measuring euery mans mind by the straightnesse of theirs will beleeue no act which doth not symbolize with themselues but so much it was that being thirty daies vpon the way to the Confines then fifteene from the Confines to Casbine where wee attended one month the Kings arriuall it was not onely sufficient to giue vs aboundant meanes for that time but to cloth vs all in rich apparell fit to present our selues before the presence of any Prince and to spend extraordinarily in giftes by which wee insinuated farre into the fauour of those which had the authority of that Prouince during our abode and expectation of the Kings comming In which time wee were well vsed more by the opinion which they had that the King would take satisfaction by vs then by their owne humors being an ill people in themselues and onely good by the example of their King and their exceeding obedience vnto him The Gouernour visited me once Marganabeague maister of the Kings house whom I had won vnto me by presents came oftentimes to see me besides as it seemed being more inwardly acquainted with the Kings inclination fitted himselfe more to that then others did which knew it lesse And now that Iam in Persia speak of the kings absence since he is both one of the mightiest Princes that are and one of the excellētest for the true vertues of a Prince that is or hath bin and hauing come to this greatnesse though by right yet through the circumstances of the time the occasions which then were solely his owne worthinesse vertue made way to his right besides the fashion of his gouernmēt differing so much from that which we call barbarousnesse that it may iustly serue for as great an Idea for a Principality as Platoes Common-wealth did for a Gouernment of that sort I hold it not amisse to speake amply first of his person the nature of his people the distribution of his gouernment the administration of his iustice the condition of the bordering Princes the causes of those warres in which he was then occupied that by the true expression of those this discourse may passe with a more liuely and more sensible feeling His person then is such as a well-vnderstanding Nature would fit for the end proposed for his being excellently well shaped of a most well proportioned stature strong and actiue his colour somewhat inclined to a man-like blacknesse is also more blacke by the sunnes burning his furniture of his mind infinitly royall wise valiant liberall temperate mercifull and an exceeding louer of Iustice embracing royally others vertues as farre from pride and vanity as from all vnprincely signes or acts knowing his power iustly what it is and the like acknowledgement will also haue from others without any gentilitious adoration but with those respects which are fit for the maiesty of a Prince which foundeth it selfe vpon the power of his state general loue and awfull terror His fortunes determining to make proofe of his vertue draue him in his first yeares into many dangerous extremities which he ouercomming by his vertue hath made great vse of both in the excellent increase of his particular vnderstanding and generall tranquility strength of his countrey propagation of his Empire For the lawes and customes or both of that kingdome being such that though the king haue a large increase of Issue the first borne only ruleth to auoyd all kind of cause of ciuill dissention the rest are not inhumanly murthered according to the vse of the Turkish gouernment but made blind with burning basons haue otherwise all sort of contentment and regard fit for Princes children Xa-Tamas King of Persia dying without Issue Xa Codabent his brother was called blinde to the kingdome who had Issue Sultan Hamzire Mirza the eldest who succeeded him and this present King called Abas In the fathers time Sinan Bas●a began the enterprise of Persia which the Turkes euer reserue in their times of peace with the Christians to keepe their souldiary in action and their armes from rusting Before he could attempt any important action hee was called to the port and aduanced to be principall Viseire and Mustapha Bassa was appointed his successor whose industry and valour was accōpanied with good fortune in a short space taking Vannes and Tiphelis two strong fortresses importing much for the entrance of Scieruan which he with the like felicity conquered Notwithstanding Synan taking aduantage of some sinister accident happened him by ouer-sight which is euer most incident to those which sway all things with a happy course of fortune and being his enemy bearing his suppositions also against him by the strength of his authority caused him to be re-called in the faire course of his victory and being within some few dayes trauell of Constantinople whether the cause grew from the pride of his heart which despised to liue after such an iniury receiued from his enemy whose fortune being so great gaue him neither meanes nor hope of reuenge or else for feare of death disgrace together at the Port he poisoned himselfe Into whose place was aduanced Osman Bassa a great Souldier borne of that Mamaluckes bloud who had been last Sultan of Egypt in great estimation with the generalty of the Turkes and as much with the Prince himselfe not only through his owne valour which in truth did merit it but by his mothers fauour who was great with the Prince and with the Sultana his mother He instantly acquitted all disorders growne either by the death or negligence of Mustapba and intending vtterly to subdue all Persia and to extinguish the reigne of the Sophies iudging that the shortest way was to begin with the best parts went presently against Tauris and though he were long impeached from taking of it both by the resolute valour of the Defendants which was all the obstacle in the place the walles being only of mud without art or strength and by continual attempts of the king of Persia sometimes in person though he saw nothing but most by his eldest son to succour it Finally after many victories and sometimes losses his fortune concurring with his obstinate resolution he got the place in which he had no sooner established a meet garrison and an order of gouernment in the countrey about it which followed the fortune of the place but hauing all his care fixed vpon his designe for the through accomplishment of his prosperous begun victory he also died as it is said poysoned by Cicala Whiles the mother cried

in a reposed state from so many tempests which had contrarily moued it as well as to make due and confident prouisions for his intended warres First then he called vnto him to Casbin all gouernors all administrators of Iustice whosoeuer had occupyed those functions during the vsurped rule of the Cans through all his prouinces with the kinsmen friends and children of the said Cans besides that all men of power as Mirzaes Cans Sultans and Beagues which are principall Titles of Dukes Princes and Lords should repaire thither without excuse of age sicknesse or any other pretence whatsoeuer which being done he appointed new Gouernors and Officers of all sorts he cleared all his prouinces for three yeares from paying any tribute-custome or any other ordinary or extraordinary exaction whatsoeuer His chiefe Viseire he made one Haldenbeague a wise man excellently seene in all affaires of great experience but such a one as was onely his creature without friends or power him hee commanded to passe through all his prouinces accompanied with the Xa-Hammadaga who is as it were Knight Marshall to cleare them from vagabonds robbers and seditious persons Ologonlie which had followed him in all his aduersity a man of great worthinesse he made bearer of his great Seale which is an office there liker the Lord priuy Seale then Chancellor The place of the Viseire comprehending in it the office of Chancellor and high Treasurer him he also aduanced to the dignity of a Can. Bastana an ancient approued man both for fidelity and other worthinesse he made principall Aga of his house which is as great Chamberlaine Curtchibasschie Captaine of his Guard which is a general-ship of twelue thousand shot who attend at the Port by turnes two hundred and fifty euery quarter except when the King goeth to the warres that they are all bound to be present Ferrat Can hee made his Generall Thus hauing wisely and prouidently placed through all his estates those who must be most assured to him their fortunes depending onely vpon him hauing no more strength nor authority in themselues then they receiued from him and hauing all the great ones in his Army with him or such of them as could not bee able to follow him either by their few or many yeares or sickenesse so securely left at Casbin that they could not by themselues or any other moue any innouation And moreouer hauing dispatched all those and keeping their persons with him which had any obligation to the former Cans secured by that meanes as much as the counsell of any man could secure him from perill at home hauing called Oliuer di Can from Hamadan and appoynted him a successor for that Gouernement with ten thousand new men hee set himselfe forward to his enterprize with his old Troopes and great part of his rebelled Army with no greater courage and counsell then fortune for those men which were remitted by him to Gheylan and Mazandran as those which had beene somewhat exercised in the warres hauing with some more adioined vnto them the guard of the straights from which the maine Army of the Kings was some foure leagues remoued remembring the benefite of the King better then their faith to their Princes at the very sight of the first Troopes retired themselues from the places left to their confidence in charge which aduantage being followed by Ferrat with the Alarum giuen fell so iustly vpon that Army that what with the vnexpected terror of the straights abandoning and their being surprised in disorder the Army was facily broken with the death of two of the Kings and an infinite slaughter of people which had beene much greater if the woods had not couered them from the fury of their enemies The greatest of those kings hauing escaped with much difficulty accompanied euer with the terror of the perill from which he had escaped neuer ended his flight vntill hee came into Seruane and from thence went to Constantinople to desire succour from the Turke where he yet liueth The other which remained being but one without any great difficulty or alteration of fortune was suppressed The Countrey being first spoiled and ransomed at a great rate which they might well beare by reason of their great riches which they had gathered together through a long peace and the Kings Army excellently well satisfied he dispatched instantly Embassadours to the Turke the Georgians and his old friend the King of Corassan to giue them an account of this new victory not doubting but as it would bee exceeding pleasant to some so it would bee as bitter to others and leauing Ferrat Can to gouerne the Countrey and Oliuer Dibeague as his assistant but to bee commanded by him hee returned himselfe full of glory and great victory into Persia disposing himselfe to reduce his state to that excellent forme of gouernment which now it hath First then after his arriuall in Casbin hauing heard by his Viseire the relation of Xa-Hammadaga of some who had not onely spoyled the Subiects in their substances but the country of all orders iust forme of gouernement which now it hath and giuen them by that meanes more matter of dis-vnion then vnion insomuch that they were ful of theeues of vagabonds of factions such like insolencies he iudged it fit to reduce it the more peaceable and obedient to giue it in those cases a good condition of gouernment Whereupon he presently dispatched that Xa-hammadaga a terrible and resolute person with full power and authority for the reformation of those disorders who in short time though with most terrible examples reduced all the Prouinces to a vnite tranquility with mighty reputation Whilst hee was busied in that administration the King to shew that it was necessity that counselled to giue him that excessiue authority and to preserue it from being odious to himselfe appointed in the chiefe city of euery Prouince a Gouernour elected of those of most valour to him he ioyned two Iudges of criminall and ciuill causes a Treasurer two Secretaries with an excellent president and two Aduocates generall for the causes both particular and generall of the whole Prouince Besides the particular Aduocate of euery Citty which should be resident in that Metropolis These determined all causes within themselues of those Prouinces in which they had the administration and because they should neither be burthensome to the Prouinces nor corrupted in paritializing the King paid them their stipend enioyning them vpon paine of life to take no other sort of reward And because such things and causes might fall out as by reason of the importance of them or appellations of the parties might be brought before himselfe because hee would euer know what he did and be continually informed not onely of the generall state of the Prouinces but of their particular administration hee ordained Posts once euery weeks from all parts to bring all sort of relations to the Court for which cause also hee willed that one of the two generall

we among thē This Tarras looked vpon the place where after we had ben a litle beheld some of the Court exercising thēselues at giuoco-di-canna that great troupe was suddenly vanished so without all sort of rumor that it bred infinite wonder in me cōsidering how much tumulte we made in these parts in the disposing of a far lesse cōpany Whilst we sate there the King called me againe vnto him when I had confirmed in more words the very same I had before said vnto him Thē said he you must haue the proofe of time to shew you either the errors or the truth of these rumours since you can make no iudgement of what you haue yet seene which is but the person of a man and this eminēce which God hath giuen me for any thing you know may be more through my fortune thē my vertue But since your pains trauel hath had no other aspect but to know me we must haue a more intrinsicke acquaintance to perfect that knowledge how you wil indure the fashions of my coūtry you can iudge best your selfe which are maister of your owne humor This I will assure you of you shal want no respect frō my people nor honor from my selfe therwith bid me fare-wel for that present comitting me my cōpany to Bastan-Aga to be conducted to my lodging Next morning I sent the King a present of sixe paire of Pendants of exceeding faire Emerauldes and meruailous artificially cut and two other Iewels of Topasses excellent well cut also one cup of three peeces set together with gold inameled the other a Salte and a very faire Ewer of Christall couered with a kind of cutworke of siluer and gilt the shape of a Dragon all which I had of that Noble Florentine which his Maiesty accepted very graciously and that night I was with my brother inuited by him to a banquet where there was onely Byraicke Myrza and Sultan Alye with Xa-Tamas-Coolibeague his cheife Minion there he had diuers discourses with mee not of our apparell building beauty of our woemen or such vanities but of our proceeding in our warres of our vsuall Armes of the commodity and discommodity of Fortresses of the vse of Artillary and of the orders of our gouernement in which though my vnskilfulnesse were such that I knew my errours were greater then my iudgement yet I had that felicity of a good time that I gaue him good satisfaction as it seemed For in my discourse hauing mentioned the hauing of certaine Models of Fortification in some bookes at my lodging which were onely left me in the spoile which was made of me at Babylon Next day after dinner he came thither with all the principallest of the Court where hee spent at least three howers in perusing them and not vnproperly speaking of the reasons of those things himselfe Next night hee sent for mee againe into a place which they call Bazar like our Burze the shops and the roofe of which were so full of lights that it seemed all of a fire There was a litle Scaffold made where he sate and as euery man presented him with diuers sorts of friuts so hee parted them some to one some to another and there hee continued some foure howers in which time hee tooke mee aside with my Interpreter and asked mee very sadly whether I would content my selfe to stay with him not for euer for that were too a great wrong to my friends who should loose mee from their comfort being diuided so farre from them for my owne fortune hee would not speake of but onely thus much since I had told him I was a subiect to a Prince he knew that then my fortune also must depend vpon the will and fauour of that Prince and hee assured himselfe that he was as able and more desirous to do me good then any therefore if I would resolue to giue him that litle satisfaction he should perswade himselfe the more confidently that the cause of my comming was such as I told him the loue of his person and nothing else I answered him I could say no more ●o his Maiesty then I had already done that a report onely of his excellent vertues had brought mee thither that a better experience had bound me so fast to him and them that as he was Maister of my minde so hee should bee of my person and time which were both subiect to his command For those things of fortune they were the least things that I regarded as his Maiesty well saw by my great expence thither onely to satisfie my sight but as I knew my selfe infinitely honoured by his Maiestie vouchsafing to serue himselfe of mee so that was to me aboue all other fortunes and satisfactions His Maiesty seemed wonderfully well content with my answere and that night began to shew me extra-ordinary publicke fauour and so continued all the time of his being in Casbin daily increasing by some or other great demonstration Sixe weekes hee stayed there giuing his accustomed audience to the people In which time I saw the notablest example of true vnpartiall royall iustice that I thinke any Prince in the world could produce The Gouerner of Casbin was appointed to that administration in the maine seruice of the Kings state when the Rebels were first suppressed A man exceedingly and perticularly fauored of the King he taking the adantage of the time which being troubled gaue him liuely colour to make great profite vpon the people and confident in the Kings fauour abused both the one and the other by extreme extortions thinking because of his owne greatnesse and the Countries offence against the King the memory of which euery man would feare to receiue that what he did by violence and force should by as great power of terrour remaine vnknowne but some to whō he had offered so much that they thought no extremity could happen them of a worse conditiō made desperate through that hazard to put vp lamentable supplications to the King who hauing read them as his fashion is commanded the parties to-speake freely with this caution that they should beware that they charged nothing falsely for as he would not that any minister of his shold abuse his authority by any vniust burthen vpon the worst of the people so hee would also prouide by seuere example that none should presume to impose false accusations vpon any whom he had thought worthy to carry authority vnder him Notwithstanding those poore men did not onely mainetaine their accusations but brought forth diuers witnesses and others perceiuing so iust a course held by his Maiesty emboldned by it laid before him also in their humble sort their owne oppressions suffered by the like violence Vpon which hee commanded Marganobeague to be sent for who was the Maister of his house in Casbin demanding of him whether he had heard of those things he answered no being priuate acts of the Gouernour publicke causes which were brought before the President

part and so to linke himselfe the stronglier with them by such a bond then in his owne necessitie in which condition there is a great question whether he shall be heard Lastly how strange a conclusion you haue made I will desire you to behold with better consideration You will not haue the King to make warre with the Turke to auoid expence of money and munition where the best parts and most plentifull of both countries are confining which would giue abundance and cheaper liuing to an Armie but you will haue him go to Larre to Ormus sterile countries farre remoued where the charges onely of supplying victuals to an Armie would be of more cost then all other munition and expence of the Armie besides And besides there is no danger of the King of Spain who hath euer held a fashion of maintaining himselfe rather then encreasing Besides the nature of his force is of a contrarie qualitie to giue vs feare of his too great inlargement hauing neither abundance of horse nor men but only gallies which assure his forts with which also he is sufficiently contented And how wearying out a warre to his Maiesties treasure and men that must be where he must fight but at the enemies pleasure and aduantage the strength of his enemie standing vpon the Sea in which the King hath no sort of shew of power he submitted to his Maiesties wisest consideration besides the infinite danger by the nature of the lying of the state of the Turkes and the King of Spaines and the essentiall of their potenties were of such a condition that whatsoeuer was diminished from his Maiesties or the King of Spaines was an absolute addition to the Turke who by that aduantage of the weakening each others forces should haue a more facile entrie vpon any one or both of them And that it was wel proued by his Maiesties predecessors that there was not a more maine vpholder of the beginning and foundation of their state nor manner of preseruing it which was all they could doe then that league which vnited both their forces euer against the common enemie And now that God and the great vertue of his Maiestie had so augmented the limits of his dominion that he had power ioyned with true iustice and necessitie to recouer those vsurped Prouinces which the Turke held from him In which action nothing could more secure him then first an assured relatiue friendship betweene the Princes Christian and him generally and particularly the forces of the King of Spaynes by Sea in those parts it should be a strange Counsell to perswade his Maiestie to make warre with him whom he had euer profited by and to offend all in offending him and voluntarily to in●ble the Turke in whatsoeuer hee would vndertake against him which must needs be by all reason iudgement his enemy Which made him beseech his Maiestie to continue that so commodious friendship vnto him and to strengthen himselfe with new to fomentate those rebellions which were no rumours one of those that were in Armes being Moombaregue a Prince tributarie to his Maiesty the others though no men of great qualitie yet of great happinesse in their proceedings and to prouide for all things necessary for so great an enterprise for which though the Vicesire were otherwise perswaded nothing did more facilitate the iudgement of his good successe then the Prince of the Turkes owne incapacitie Nothing hauing euer beene proued more certaine then that the Ministers of any Prince do euer symbolize with their Masters vertues or vices and that men of extraordinary vertue with them haue euer little power or little time suspition being the best preseruer of their defects which euer aymeth at those who haue more vertue then themselues as fearing them most A discourse proued true by the miserable end of all those named and by many examples which he would leaue vnrehearsed as things that neuer bare more credit then the faith of the hearer gaue them And so left off humbly beseeching his Maiesty to pardon his boldnes and freenes which were euer the birth of true zealous deuotiō he had onely expressed what he thought his Maiesty might please to resolue of that hee thought honourable secure and profitable for his state and person The causes of his danger from the Turke he spake not of first touched by me and apparant to all The king then commāded Baslan-Aga to speake freely also what he thought who after a reuerence vnto him hauing repeated the arguments past commended them all as it is his fashion apparantly to offend no bodie but what he doth in that qualitie is secretly and then as though he meant no such matter diuiding what he would speak into two points the warre and my person he proceeded thus This proposition by the wisedome of his Maiesty resting doubtful so that none of vs by knowing which way his owne disposition inclineth haue any sort of constraint either by fearing to oppose our opinions against what his will intended or by a desire to raise our iudgements into a better conceit of f●uour by making them to symbolize with his giueth vs so great libertie of deliberation that if we speake not well to the purpose at least we shall speake truly what we thinke I say then that all warres are eyther made vpon the Confines of the States which moue them or farre from the Confines of the maker of them by penetrating further into the maine bodie of him vpon whom they are made And it is not possible for any to vse great Armes or small a long time which haue not a fountaine of great reuenewes from at home and a foundation of great plentie in the field For as without sinewes the members of this compact of our bodie cannot moue and if they doe shew a stirring onely for a testimonie of their life which may be in them yet that mouing is vnperfect both in vigour and continuance So Armes neyther can be gathered neyther can they be appropriated to necessarie dessignes nor maintained vnited in any enterprize without a Riuer of money which may refresh them in conuenient time and make swimme after them munitions victualles and other necessarie prouisions both for the sustenance of euery particular bodie and importing to the good purpose and effect of the mannagement of their Armes And because the reuenewes of iust and good Princes as the faculties of the subiects from whom they are deriued are limited and drawing without measure for one yeare or two huge quantities of money out of their estates their countries will remaine poore and exhausted of gold and siluer From whence proceedeth that warres of such a condition as cannot be ended neere at hand but draw through the necessitie of perfecting them well when they are once begun the Prince and the Armie a farre off neyther can be vndertaken nor continued but by Princes who haue infinite treasures acumulated through long times prouidence or neuer-ending mines for other sort of ordinarie