Selected quad for the lemma: justice_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
justice_n	good_a	king_n	people_n	3,603	5	4.8197	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A66820	The high court of justice. Or Cromwells new slaughter-house in England With the authoritie that constituted and ordained it, arraigned, convicted, and condemned; for usurpation, treason, tyrannie, theft, and murder. Being the III. part of the Historie of independencie: written by the same author.; High court of justice	Walker, Clement, 1595-1651.; Andrews, Eusebius, d. 1650.	1651 (1651)	Wing W324D; ESTC R203985	41,776	78

soldier_n be_v not_o so_o wicked_a as_o their_o master_n yet_o we_o daily_o see_v many_o good_a family_n in_o england_n despoil_v of_o their_o estate_n for_o want_v of_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n bring_v to_o miserable_a beggary_n rather_o than_o they_o will_v wrong_v their_o conscience_n by_o subscribe_v this_o damnable_a engagement_n contrary_a to_o the_o protestation_n and_o covenant_n impose_v by_o this_o parliament_n contrary_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o this_o land_n which_o this_o parliament_n have_v declare_v to_o observe_v and_o keep_v in_o all_o thing_n concerning_o the_o life_n liberty_n and_o property_n of_o the_o people_n with_o all_o thing_n incident_a thereto_o contrary_a to_o this_o parliament_n reiterate_a vote_n that_o they_o will_v not_o change_v the_o ancient_a government_n by_o a_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o and_o contrary_a to_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n obedience_n and_o supremacy_n whereby_o an_o by_o the_o stat._n of_o recognition_n 1._o jac._n our_o allegiance_n be_v tie_v only_o to_o the_o king_n his_o heir_n and_o lawful_a successer_n from_o which_o no_o power_n on_o earth_n can_v absolve_v we_o and_o so_o much_o we_o attest_v in_o the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n politicus_fw-la interpreter_n to_o our_o new_a state-puppet_n play_v numb._n 19_o from_o sept._n 19_o to_o sept._n 26._o out_o of_o the_o dictate_v of_o his_o master_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n act_n of_o oblivion_n grant_v the_o parliament_n intend_v to_o pass_v a_o act_n of_o general_n pardon_n for_o which_o they_o expect_v in_o future_a a_o general_n obedience_n and_o submission_n to_o the_o government_n you_o see_v though_o they_o will_v not_o be_v the_o king_n subject_n they_o will_v be_v his_o ape_n and_o in_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o say_a pamphlet_n politicus_fw-la say_v that_o protection_n imply_v obedience_n otherwise_o they_o may_v be_v handle_v as_o public_a enemy_n and_o outlaw_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v destroy_v as_o traitor_n here_o you_o have_v the_o end_n to_o which_o this_o general_a pardon_n be_v intend_v it_o be_v but_o a_o shoeing-horn_n to_o draw_v on_o the_o utmost_a penalty_n upon_o non-engager_n appoint_v by_o the_o say_a pretend_a act_n 2._o ian._n 1649._o to_o weed_v they_o out_o of_o this_o good_a land_n that_o the_o saint_n only_o may_v enjoy_v the_o earth_n and_o the_o fullness_n thereof_o to_o which_o purpose_n all_o their_o new_a coin_a act_n and_o law_n be_v direct_v the_o scripture_n point_v forth_o these_o kind_n of_o man_n when_o it_o say_v the_o mercy_n of_o the_o wicked_a be_v cruel_a the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v if_o we_o will_v not_o acknowledge_v allegiance_n to_o these_o mushroom_n we_o shall_v be_v traitor_n without_o allegiance_n a_o treason_n never_o yet_o hear_v of_o in_o any_o law_n if_o we_o will_v acknowledge_v allegiance_n we_o put_v ourselves_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o be_v traitor_n when_o they_o shall_v please_v to_o make_v we_o such_o but_o let_v they_o know_v that_o we_o be_v all_o englishman_n freeborn_a alike_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o a_o ancient_a legal_a monarchy_n to_o which_o we_o owe_v allegiance_n and_o how_o we_o come_v to_o forfeit_v that_o legal_a protection_n our_o settle_a law_n and_o government_n and_o be_v subject_v to_o a_o new_a unknown_a protection_n obtrude_v upon_o we_o by_o a_o company_n of_o upstart_n mushroom_n of_o majesty_n so_o mean_v in_o birth_n and_o breed_v for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o the_o place_n of_o a_o constable_n equal_n the_o high_a of_o their_o education_n impose_v what_o law_n and_o condition_n upon_o we_o they_o please_v i_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o hear_v without_o be_v hinder_v by_o gun_n drum_n high_a court_n of_o justice_n and_o other_o instrument_n of_o violence_n and_o murder_n but_o the_o great_a mystery_n in_o this_o cheat_n be_v that_o our self-created_a supremist_n have_v vote_v the_o original_a power_n to_o be_v in_o the_o people_n and_o but_o a_o derivative_a authority_n to_o be_v in_o themselves_o as_o the_o representative_a of_o the_o people_n shall_v notwithstanding_o so_o yoke_v their_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o people_n and_o make_v they_o pay_v allegiance_n to_o their_o own_o delegate_n the_o 8._o part_n of_o a_o house_n of_o commons_o under_o the_o penalty_n unless_o they_o subscribe_v as_o the_o far_o major_a part_n have_v not_o of_o outlaw_v and_o deprive_v all_o the_o people_n of_o this_o land_n of_o all_o benefit_n of_o the_o law_n they_o be_v bear_v to_o and_o consequent_o of_o annihilate_v and_o make_v they_o no_o long_o a_o nation_n or_o people_n as_o if_o they_o be_v mere_a savage_n new_o conquer_v collect_v and_o form_v into_o a_o politic_a body_n or_o commonwealth_n and_o endow_v with_o law_n new_o invent_v by_o these_o novice_n statist_n but_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o the_o say_a engagement_n with_o the_o injustice_n of_o the_o self-created_a power_n that_o obtrude_v it_o have_v be_v handle_v by_o many_o good_a pen_n especial_o by_o the_o cheshire_n and_o lancashire_n minister_n in_o their_o plea_n for_o non-subcriber_n therefore_o i_o pass_v on_o to_o my_o principal_a scope_n the_o second_o engine_n appoint_v to_o root_v out_o all_o such_o as_o be_v of_o a_o different_a party_n the_o high_a court_n of_o justice_n a_o formidable_a monster_n upon_o which_o no_o pen_n that_o i_o know_v of_o have_v yet_o adventure_v 4._o justice_n in_o treat_v of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o justice_n i_o must_v consider_v 1._o by_o what_o person_n and_o authority_n this_o new_a erect_v unprecedented_a court_n be_v constitute_v 2._o of_o what_o person_n it_o be_v constitute_v 3._o the_o way_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o proceed_n what_o formality_n and_o law_n they_o observe_v therein_o how_o suitable_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o parliament_n declaration_n protestation_n and_o covenant_n they_o be_v 4._o to_o what_o end_n this_o court_n be_v constitute_v 1._o the_o person_n constitute_v this_o extrajudicial_a court_n be_v the_o present_a pretend_a parliament_n consist_v of_o 40_o or_o 50_o thrive_a commons_o only_o who_o conspire_v with_o cromwell_n and_o the_o army_n to_o expel_v 7._o part_n of_o 8._o of_o their_o follow-member_n without_o any_o cause_n show_v abolish_v the_o house_n of_o peer_n erect_v this_o high_a court_n of_o justice_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o court_n marshal_n to_o murder_v the_o king_n abolish_v kingly_a government_n turn_v it_o into_o a_o thing_n they_o call_v a_o free-state_n disinherit_v the_o royal_a family_n and_o now_o usurp_v to_o themselves_o without_o any_o call_n from_o god_n or_o the_o people_n more_o than_o a_o regal_a legal_a or_o parliamentary_a authority_n wherewith_o they_o have_v subvert_v the_o fundamental_a government_n religion_n law_n liberty_n and_o property_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o envassallised_a and_o enslave_v they_o to_o their_o arbitrary_a domination_n the_o authority_n by_o which_o they_o erect_v this_o extrajudicial_a court_n be_v the_o usurp_a legislative_a power_n by_o colour_n of_o which_o they_o pass_v a_o act_n date_v 26._o march_n 1650._o establish_v the_o say_a high_a court_n of_o justice_n yet_o their_o own_o creature_n master_n st._n john_n in_o his_o argument_n against_o the_o e._n of_o strafford_n in_o a_o book_n call_v speech_n and_o passage_n of_o this_o great_a and_o happy_a parliament_n print_v by_o william_n cook_n 1641._o pag._n 24._o say_v the_o parliament_n be_v the_o representative_a of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n wherein_o the_o king_n as_o head_n the_o lord_n as_o the_o more_o noble_a and_o the_o commons_o the_o other_o member_n be_v knit_v together_o as_o one_o body_n politic_a the_o law_n be_v the_o artery_n and_o ligament_n that_o hold_v the_o body_n together_o and_o a_o little_a after_o its_o treason_n to_o embesell_v a_o judicial_a record_n strafford_n sweep_v they_o all_o away_o it_o be_v treason_n to_o counterfeit_v a_o 20s_n piece_n here_o be_v a_o counterfeit_n of_o law_n so_o in_o these_o counterfeit_a new_a act_n we_o can_v call_v neither_o the_o counterfeit_a nor_o true_a one_o our_o own_o it_o be_v treason_n to_o counterfeit_v the_o great_a seal_n for_o a_o acre_n of_o land_n no_o property_n hereby_o be_v leave_v to_o any_o land_n at_o all_o no_o more_o be_v there_o by_o the_o vote_n and_o practice_n of_o our_o new_a supremist_n thus_o far_o master_n st._n john_n but_o that_o the_o parliament_n do_v necessary_o consist_v of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o two_o house_n assemble_v by_o his_o writ_n and_o can_v pass_v no_o act_n without_o their_o joint_a consent_n see_v the_o praeamble_n of_o all_o our_o statute_n all_o our_o parliament_n record_n all_o our_o law_n book_n modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la hackwell_n manner_n of_o pass_a bill_n sr._n tho._n smith_n de_fw-fr repub._n anglorum_fw-la cambdeni_n britannia_n all_o our_o historian_n politician_n and_o the_o uninterrupted_a practice_n of_o all_o age_n that_o it_o be_v now_o late_o otherwise_o practise_v be_v

rule_n they_o interpret_v and_o to_o this_o they_o conform_v the_o scripture_n not_o their_o conscience_n to_o the_o scripture_n set_v the_o sun_n dial_n by_o the_o clock_n not_o the_o clock_n by_o the_o sun_n dial_n that_o every_o man_n must_v pray_v according_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o his_o private_a spirit_n they_o reject_v the_o lord_n prayer_n for_o fear_n of_o quench_v the_o spirit_n when_o they_o break_v their_o faith_n article_n promise_n declaration_n and_o covenant_n they_o allege_v the_o spirit_n be_v the_o author_n thereof_o when_o cromwell_n contrary_a to_o his_o vow_n and_o protestation_n make_v to_o the_o king_n keep_v he_o close_a prisoner_n in_o carisbrook_n castle_n he_o affirm_v the_o spirit_n will_v not_o let_v he_o keep_v his_o word_n when_o contrary_a to_o the_o public_a faith_n they_o murder_v he_o they_o pretend_v they_o can_v not_o resist_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o spirit_n sua_fw-la cuique_fw-la deus_fw-la sit_fw-la dira_fw-la libido_fw-la this_o hobgoblin_n serve_v all_o turn_n 4._o their_o four_o principle_n be_v that_o they_o may_v commit_v any_o sin_n and_o retain_v their_o sanctity_n in_o the_o very_a act_n of_o sin_v for_o what_o be_v sinful_a in_o other_o man_n be_v not_o so_o in_o the_o saint_n who_o may_v commit_v any_o crime_n against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o yet_o it_o can_v be_v impute_v to_o they_o for_o sin_n because_o they_o know_v in_o their_o conscience_n what_o they_o do_v so_o tender_a and_o delicate_a be_v their_o conscience_n that_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o offence_n against_o their_o neighbour_n without_o breach_n of_o justice_n or_o charity_n a_o righteous_a man_n be_v a_o law_n to_o himself_o 5._o their_o five_o principle_n be_v that_o 7._o make_v a_o church_n although_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n and_o that_o this_o church_n be_v independent_a upon_o any_o other_o the_o anabaptist_n though_o they_o neither_o profess_v to_o follow_v paul_n nor_o cephas_n yet_o declare_v themselves_o to_o be_v some_o of_o cromwel_n church_n some_o of_o john_n goodwin_n some_o of_o kiffin_n some_o of_o patience_n and_o some_o of_o carter_n church_n 6._o their_o six_o independent_a principle_n be_v that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v question_v for_o any_o crime_n though_o his_o judge_n have_v neither_o competent_a witness_n proof_n nor_o evidence_n of_o his_o guiltiness_n yet_o if_o they_o think_v in_o their_o conscience_n he_o be_v guilty_a they_o may_v condemn_v he_o out_o of_o the_o testimony_n of_o their_o own_o private_a conscience_n be_v it_o not_o fit_a man_n so_o principled_a shall_v be_v judge_n and_o jury_n too_o and_o condemn_v man_n by_o inspiration_n so_o col._n andrews_n and_o sr._n john_n gell_n be_v condemn_v for_o bernard_n and_o pit_n witness_n against_o they_o be_v apparent_o suborn_v by_o bradshaw_n and_o sir_n hen._n mildmay_n against_o they_o and_o forswear_v in_o the_o same_o cause_n and_o good_a proof_n offer_v to_o the_o court_n that_o they_o be_v both_o flagitious_a man_n of_o scandalous_a life_n and_o conversation_n the_o letter_n suppose_v to_o be_v send_v by_o andrews_n to_o gell_n be_v deliver_v to_o bradshaw_n whereof_o bradshaw_n send_v a_o copy_n only_o to_o gell_n at_o ten_o of_o the_o clock_n at_o night_n and_o have_v a_o warrant_n then_o ready_a to_o arrest_v gell_n which_o be_v do_v early_o next_o morning_n before_o he_o can_v convenient_o discover_v it_o yet_o be_v gell_n sentence_v for_o misprision_n of_o high-treason_n see_v sr._n john_n gell_n case_n state_v august_n 1650._o with_o colonel_n andrews_n attestation_n in_o his_o behalf_n under_o his_o hand_n a_o little_a before_o his_o death_n and_o though_o sr._n john_n be_v impeach_v and_o mr._n attorney_n prosecute_v he_o only_o for_o misprision_n yet_o have_v he_o much_o a_o do_v to_o keep_v that_o blood_n thirsty_a old_a cur_n keeble_n from_o take_v a_o leap_n at_o his_o throat_n and_o give_v judgement_n against_o he_o for_o high_a treason_n so_o for_o want_v of_o law_n sr._n john_n have_v like_a to_o be_v hang_v by_o inspiration_n and_o instinct_n of_o the_o spirit_n he_o that_o will_v see_v more_o of_o these_o independent_a tenet_n let_v he_o read_v cl._n salmasius_n chap._n 10._o defensionis_fw-la regiae_fw-la elenchus_n motuum_fw-la nuperorum_fw-la in_fw-la anglia_fw-la and_o the_o history_n of_o independency_n 1_o and_o 2._o part_n these_o 6._o i_o have_v select_v that_o by_o compare_v their_o doctrine_n with_o their_o daily_a practice_n the_o reader_n may_v perceive_v what_o pious_a christian_n good_a patriot_n and_o upright_a judge_n these_o engage_v independent_a commissioner_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o justice_n be_v like_a to_o prove_v the_o builder_n of_o this_o new_a commonwealth_n or_o babel_n hold_v forth_o to_o the_o people_n justice_n and_o liberty_n as_o their_o motto_n as_o if_o those_o excellent_a gift_n have_v never_o receive_v their_o birth_n nor_o be_v so_o much_o as_o show_v to_o the_o people_n until_o they_o murder_v the_o king_n and_o step_v into_o his_o throne_n but_o how_o righteous_a a_o free_a state_n or_o commonwealth_n be_v this_o like_a to_o be_v and_o how_o well_o be_v the_o people_n therein_o like_a to_o be_v instruct_v in_o the_o way_n of_o righteousness_n justice_n and_o charity_n and_o improve_v in_o good_a life_n and_o conversation_n by_o man_n so_o principled_a as_o aforesaid_a let_v the_o world_n judge_n especial_o when_o they_o observe_v that_o our_o new_a statist_n have_v enact_v in_o the_o say_a pretend_a act_n 2._o jan._n 1649._o enjoin_v the_o engagement_n that_o who_o soever_o will_v promise_v truth_n and_o fidelity_n to_o they_o by_o subscribe_v the_o engagement_n may_v deal_v false_o and_o fraudulent_o with_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o and_o break_v all_o bond_n assurance_n and_o contract_n make_v with_o non-engager_n concerning_o their_o estate_n and_o pay_v their_o debt_n by_o plead_v in_o bar_n of_o all_o action_n that_o the_o complainant_n have_v not_o take_v the_o engagement_n this_o be_v to_o rob_v the_o egyptian_n of_o the_o good_a thing_n of_o this_o world_n this_o be_v to_o break_v their_o faith_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o spirit_n this_o be_v to_o cheat_v and_o rob_v their_o neighbour_n without_o breach_n of_o charity_n or_o justice_n and_o without_o imputation_n of_o sin_n according_a to_o their_o aforesaid_a tenet_n 3._o i_o be_o come_v now_o to_o consider_v in_o the_o three_o place_n the_o way_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o proceed_n how_o consonant_a they_o be_v to_o the_o usual_a proceed_n of_o our_o know_a law_n and_o legal_a court_n of_o judicature_n the_o best_a inheritance_n of_o all_o freeman_n whereof_o see_v colonel_n andrews_n 3._o answer_n in_o his_o defence_n give_v into_o the_o say_a high_a court_n here_o with_o print_v 1._o the_o first_o course_n they_o common_o take_v be_v to_o break_v open_a man_n house_n study_n chest_n etc._n etc._n and_o seize_v their_o paper_n and_o thereby_o hunt_v for_o matter_n of_o charge_n against_o they_o and_o then_o to_o examine_v they_o against_o themselves_o upon_o the_o say_a paper_n contrary_a to_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la which_o say_v nemo_fw-la tenetur_fw-la prodere_fw-la seipsum_fw-la and_o contrary_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o christianity_n which_o forbid_v a_o man_n to_o destroy_v his_o own_o life_n or_o be_v felo_fw-la de_fw-la se_fw-la as_o many_o man_n unwitting_o do_v who_o answer_v to_o captious_a ensnare_a question_n what_o that_o tempt_a question_n be_v put_v to_o christ_n be_v thou_o the_o king_n of_o the_o jew_n he_o return_v no_o other_o answer_n then_o thou_o say_v it_o why_o ask_v thou_o i_o a●ke_a they_o that_o hear_v i_o that_o be_v ask_v witness_n it_o be_v object_v against_o the_o oath_n ex_fw-la officio_fw-la that_o it_o be_v high_a injustice_n to_o examine_v a_o man_n against_o himself_o because_o his_o answer_n may_v only_o serve_v to_o condemn_v but_o not_o to_o acquit_v he_o 2._o they_o usual_o break_v open_a house_n with_o soldier_n at_o all_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n pull_v man_n out_o of_o their_o bed_n with_o great_a violence_n and_o terror_n and_o so_o carry_v they_o away_o under_o pretence_n whereof_o robbery_n and_o murder_n have_v be_v commit_v whereas_o by_o the_o stat._n 1._o edw._n vi_o chap._n 12._o and_o 5._o and_o 6._o edw._n vi_o chap._n 11._o a_o man_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v accuse_v of_o high_a treason_n but_o to_o one_o of_o the_o king_n counsel_n or_o to_o one_o of_o the_o king_n justice_n of_o assize_n or_o to_o one_o of_o the_o king_n justice_n of_o the_o peace_n be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la or_o to_o 2._o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n where_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v cook_n 3._o inst._n chap._n high_a treason_n p._n 26_o 27_o 28._o 3._o they_o commit_v man_n to_o prison_n without_o any_o accusation_n or_o accusor_fw-la make_v know_v and_o during_o pleasure_n and_o detain_v they_o in_o prison_n many_o year_n together_o without_o any_o legal_a proceed_n or_o charge_n

of_o all_o the_o blood_n shed_v this_o war_n and_o shall_v expiate_v those_o crime_n with_o his_o blood_n if_o the_o king_n be_v not_o guilty_a these_o man_n be_v and_o therefore_o they_o pass_v this_o vote_n se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la yet_o observe_v that_o herein_o they_o become_v judge_n in_o their_o own_o cause_n and_o forejudge_v his_o majesty_n before_o his_o trial_n if_o that_o may_v be_v call_v a_o trial_n that_o be_v carry_v on_o by_o man_n who_o be_v both_o accuser_n prosecutor_n party_n and_o judge_n and_o have_v neither_o law_n president_n formality_n of_o proceed_n nor_o any_o other_o foundation_n of_o justice_n or_o reason_n to_o warrant_v they_o nor_o be_v delegate_a by_o any_o lawful_a authority_n these_o vote_n thus_o pass_v and_o by_o this_o kind_n of_o man_n be_v the_o foundation_n upon_o which_o they_o build_v their_o great_a engine_n to_o destroy_v the_o king_n and_o kingly_a government_n together_o with_o the_o religion_n law_n liberty_n life_n and_o property_n of_o the_o people_n all_o condemn_v in_o that_o deadly_a sentence_n give_v against_o the_o king_n for_o have_v as_o aforesaid_a create_v by_o their_o own_o vote_n themselves_o as_o absolute_a a_o power_n as_o they_o please_v and_o cast_v the_o people_n and_o all_o they_o have_v into_o that_o bottomless_a chaos_n of_o their_o arbitrary_a domination_n they_o erect_v a_o extrajudicial_a unprecedented_a high_a court_n of_o justice_n to_o try_v or_o rather_o to_o condemn_v without_o trial_n the_o king_n consist_v of_o 150._o commissioner_n soldier_n parliament_n man_n trade_n man_n the_o most_o violent_a engage_v and_o factious_a incendiary_n of_o all_o the_o antimonarchical_a faction_n among_o who_o be_v many_o low_a condition_a mechanic_n and_o bankrupt_n who_o fortune_n be_v since_o repair_v out_o of_o the_o king_n estate_n and_o other_o public_a land_n good_n and_o office_n as_o a_o reward_n for_o that_o royal_a blood_n they_o spill_v book_n the_o king_n the_o fountain_n of_o law_n 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misbegotten_a act_n of_o parliament_n one_o of_o the_o 14._o commend_v of_o may_n another_o of_o the_o 17._o of_o july_n 1649._o whereby_o in_o derogation_n and_o annihilation_n of_o that_o excellent_a stat._n 25._o ed._n iii_o chap._n 2._o ascertain_v treason_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o small_a number_n and_o leave_v nothing_o to_o the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o judge_n that_o the_o people_n may_v not_o be_v ensnare_v they_o exceed_v by_o multiply_a treason_n bring_v bare_a word_n as_o well_o as_o deed_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o that_o offence_n and_o make_v many_o duty_n to_o which_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o land_n the_o protestation_n and_o covenant_n the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n obedience_n and_o supremacy_n oblige_v we_o to_o be_v high_a treason_n and_o these_o new_a act_n of_o treason_n pen_v in_o obscure_a ambiguous_a term_n purposely_o to_o leave_v a_o latitude_n of_o interpretation_n in_o their_o own_o creature_n the_o judge_n that_o the_o people_n may_v be_v ensnare_v the_o king_n thus_o take_v out_o of_o their_o way_n they_o pass_v dretend_v hcts._n treason_n 1._o to_o disinherit_v his_o child_n 2._o to_o abolish_v kingly_a government_n for_o ever_o 3._o to_o convert_v our_o ancient_a well_o temper_a monarchy_n into_o that_o which_o they_o call_v a_o commonwealth_n or_o free-state_n although_o nothing_o be_v therein_o free_a but_o their_o lust_n nor_o have_v it_o any_o form_n or_o face_n of_o civil_a and_o just_a government_n wherein_o a_o confuse_a multitude_n rule_v by_o their_o own_o will_n without_o law_n and_o for_o their_o own_o benefit_n no_o consideration_n be_v have_v of_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o the_o people_n in_o general_a 4._o they_o constitute_v a_o senate_n or_o council_n of_o state_n of_o 40._o man_n among_o which_o some_o tradesman_n soldier_n illiterate_a lawyer_n parliament_n member_n man_n already_o engage_v over_o head_n and_o ear_n in_o sin_n therefore_o to_o be_v confide_v in_o to_o these_o or_o any_o nine_o of_o these_o they_o entrust_v the_o administration_n of_o this_o utopian_a commonwealth_n and_o these_o they_o will_v have_v we_o believe_v without_o tell_v we_o so_o be_v the_o keeper_n or_o gaoler_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o england_n these_o thing_n be_v but_o introduction_n to_o the_o usurpation_n of_o these_o kingling_n and_o have_v be_v already_o show_v to_o the_o world_n by_o many_o pen_n i_o content_v myself_o to_o give_v a_o cursory_a view_n of_o they_o and_o have_v to_o my_o intend_a task_n to_o show_v that_o this_o usurp_a power_n be_v keep_v and_o administer_v by_o as_o wicked_a and_o violent_a policy_n as_o it_o be_v get_v by_o the_o first_o endeavour_n of_o all_o tyrannical_a usurper_n be_v to_o lessen_v the_o number_n of_o their_o enemy_n either_o by_o flatter_v and_o deceive_v they_o or_o by_o violent_o extirpate_v and_o root_n they_o out_o and_o such_o have_v be_v the_o attempt_n of_o our_o new_a cromwellian_n statist_n ever_o since_o without_o any_o call_n from_o god_n or_o the_o people_n they_o toook_v upon_o they_o the_o supreme_a authority_n of_o the_o nation_n subvert_v our_o well_o mix_a monarchy_n and_o create_v themselves_o a_o free-state_n 1._o accommodation_n they_o endeavour_v to_o sweeten_v and_o allure_v to_o act_v with_o they_o as_o many_o of_o the_o secure_v and_o seclude_v member_n minister_n and_o other_o phesbyterians_n as_o they_o can_v to_o the_o end_n that_o ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la be_v guilty_a of_o their_o sin_n they_o may_v be_v engage_v in_o one_o common_a defence_n and_o go_v half_n with_o they_o in_o their_o ignominy_n and_o punishment_n though_o not_o in_o their_o power_n profit_n and_o preferment_n in_o which_o the_o godly_a will_v admit_v no_o rival_n but_o like_o their_o patron_n the_o devil_n cry_v all_o be_v i_o but_o this_o design_n fail_v for_o the_o most_o part_n 2._o massacre_n their_o second_o endeavour_n be_v how_o to_o dimmish_v the_o number_n of_o their_o opposite_n royalist_n and_o presbyterian_n by_o a_o massacre_n for_o which_o purpose_n many_o dark_a lantern_n and_o poniard_n be_v provide_v last_o winter_n 1649._o but_o same_o prevent_v this_o plot_n which_o come_v to_o be_v the_o common_a rumour_n of_o the_o town_n put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o danger_n infamy_n and_o hatred_n that_o will_v overwhelm_v they_o so_o this_o be_v lay_v aside_o at_o last_o they_o invent_v two_o other_o engine_n no_o less_o bloody_a then_o and_o as_o effectual_a as_o a_o massacre_n 3._o engagement_n the_o engagement_n be_v the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o gin_n which_o all_o person_n be_v enjoin_v to_o subscribe_v by_o their_o act_n ●_z jan._n 1649._o to_o be_v true_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o england_n as_o it_o be_v now_o establish_v without_o a_o king_n or_o house_n of_o peer_n and_o this_o be_v obtrude_v under_o no_o less_o penalty_n then_o to_o be_v total_o deprive_v of_o all_o benefit_n of_o law_n whatsoever_o now_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v the_o only_a conservator_n of_o our_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n without_o which_o law_n all_o man_n have_v a_o like_a property_n to_o all_o thing_n and_o the_o strong_a have_v right_a to_o all_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o weak_a since_o the_o law_n only_o distinguish_v meum_fw-la and_o tuum_fw-la what_o be_v this_o but_o to_o expose_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o non-engager_n to_o false_a imprisonment_n our_o estate_n to_o rapine_n spoil_n and_o injustice_n and_o our_o life_n and_o person_n to_o wound_n and_o murder_n at_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o such_o as_o will_v engage_v with_o our_o usurper_n but_o especial_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o their_o own_o soldier_n to_o who_o i_o conceive_v this_o outlawry_n be_v intend_v as_o a_o alarm_n or_o invitation_n to_o plunder_v and_o massacre_v the_o non-engager_n and_o to_o pay_v themselves_o their_o arrear_n of_o which_o these_o parliament_n man_n have_v cozen_v they_o out_o of_o their_o estate_n and_o though_o the_o

his_o present_a answer_n and_o salvo_n may_v be_v accept_v and_o register_v eusebius_n andrew_n the_o second_o answer_n of_o col._n eusebius_n andrews_n esquire_n to_o the_o honourable_a the_o high_a court_n of_o justice_n 1650._o the_o say_v respondent_fw-la with_o the_o favour_n of_o this_o honourable_a court_n reserve_v and_o pray_v to_o be_v allow_v the_o benefit_n and_o liberty_n of_o make_v further_o answer_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v necessary_a in_o all_o humbleness_n for_o the_o present_a answer_n offer_v to_o this_o honourable_a court_n that_o by_o the_o letter_n and_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o act_n entitle_v a_o act_n for_o establish_v a_o high_a court_n of_o justice_n the_o say_a court_n be_v not_o qualify_v to_o try_v a_o freeman_n of_o england_n such_o as_o the_o respondent_fw-la aver_v himself_o to_o be_v for_o life_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n for_o that_o 1._o the_o say_a court_n be_v not_o constitute_v a_o court_n of_o record_n neither_o have_v commission_n 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incompatible_a with_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o inconsistent_a with_o justice_n itself_o and_o the_o honour_n of_o a_o christian_a nation_n and_o commonwealth_n 2._o the_o member_n of_o this_o court_n be_v by_o the_o say_a act_n direct_v to_o be_v swear_v 1._o not_o in_fw-la conspectu_fw-la populi_fw-la for_o the_o freeman_n satisfaction_n 2._o not_o in_o word_n of_o indifferency_n and_o oblige_v in_o equality_n 3._o but_o in_o word_n of_o manifest_a partiality_n viz._n you_o shall_v swear_v that_o you_o shall_v well_o and_o true_o according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o your_o skill_n and_o knowledge_n execute_v the_o several_a power_n give_v you_o by_o this_o act_n 1._o if_o the_o court_n be_v triers_n and_o judge_n too_o it_o be_v humble_o offer_v by_o the_o respondent_fw-la that_o it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v swear_v as_o triers_n in_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o freeman_n who_o shall_v be_v upon_o his_o trial_n 2._o and_o that_o as_o justice_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n they_o be_v authorise_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act._n they_o shall_v take_v a_o oath_n such_o as_o be_v usual_a and_o equal_a set_v down_o e._n iii_o viz_n you_o shall_v swear_v that_o well_o and_o lawful_o you_o shall_v serve_v our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n in_o the_o office_n of_o justice_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o you_o deny_v to_o no_o man_n common_a right_n 3._o or_o that_o this_o court_n take_v notice_n of_o such_o high_a matter_n as_o treason_n upon_o the_o guilt_n whereof_o the_o freeman_n life_n depend_v shall_v take_v a_o oath_n at_o least_o as_o equal_v as_o a_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n dalton_n iust._n of_o peace_n fol._n 13._o the_o word_n be_v i_o a._n b._n do_v swear_v that_o i_o will_v do_v equal_a right_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o my_o best_a wit_n cunning_a and_o power_n after_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o statute_n thereof_o make_v etc._n etc._n 4._o if_o the_o court_n will_v be_v judge_n and_o trier_n too_o for_o they_o have_v power_n give_v they_o to_o conclude_v the_o freeman_n by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o major_a number_n of_o twelve_o hold_v some_o resemblance_n but_o with_o a_o signal_n difference_n with_o the_o verdict_n of_o a_o jury_n it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o they_o shall_v take_v a_o oath_n correspondent_a to_o that_o usual_o administer_v to_o juryman_n the_o word_n be_v you_o shall_v well_o and_o true_o try_v and_o true_a deliverance_n make_v between_o the_o keeper_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o england_n and_o the_o prisoner_n at_o the_o bar_n according_a to_o your_o evidence_n so_o help_v you_o god_n etc._n etc._n 5._o when_o this_o court_n as_o it_o be_v now_o constitute_v have_v condemn_v a_o freeman_n by_o apply_v their_o skill_n and_o knowledge_n to_o the_o power_n give_v they_o whether_o just_o or_o not_o the_o oath_n enjoin_v they_o by_o the_o act_n 26._o march_n 1650._o be_v not_o break_v literal_o as_o to_o be_v exactible_a by_o man_n though_o god_n will_v have_v a_o better_a account_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n premise_v the_o respondent_fw-la save_v as_o before_o aver_v for_o law_n and_o reason_n this_o court_n by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n constitute_v it_o be_v not_o qualify_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o object_a defect_n to_o pass_v upon_o he_o for_o life_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o pray_v this_o his_o 2l_o answer_n may_v be_v receive_v with_o the_o salvo_n and_o register_v eusebius_n andrew_n the_o three_o answer_n of_o col._n eusebius_n andrews_n esquire_n to_o the_o honourable_a the_o high_a court_n of_o justice_n 1650._o the_o say_v respondent_fw-la with_o favour_n of_o this_o honourable_a court_n reserve_v and_o pray_v to_o be_v allow_v the_o benefit_n and_o liberty_n of_o make_v far_o answer_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v necessary_a in_o all_o humbleness_n for_o present_a answer_n offer_v to_o this_o honourable_a court_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v his_o right_n if_o he_o admit_v this_o court_n to_o be_v due_o and_o legal_o establish_v and_o constitute_v as_o to_o their_o be_v a_o court_n to_o be_v try_v by_o his_o peer_n man_n of_o his_o own_o condition_n and_o neighbourhood_n 2._o that_o it_o be_v within_o the_o power_n of_o this_o court_n by_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o act_n 26._o march_n 1650._o or_o at_o least_o not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o act_n to_o try_v he_o by_o such_o his_o peer_n etc._n etc._n 1._o that_o it_o be_v his_o right_n to_o be_v try_v only_o so_o appear_v by_o mazna_fw-la charta_fw-la chap._n 29._o 25._o ed._n 3._o chap._n 9_o 28._o ed._n 3._o chap._n 4._o 42._o ed._n 3._o chap._n 3._o 25._o ed._n 1._o chap._n 1._o and_o 2._o 25._o ed._n 3._o chap._n 2._o and_o 4._o 37._o ed._n 3._o chap._n 18._o by_o all_o which_o this_o right_n be_v maintainable_a and_o the_o proceed_n contrary_a thereunto_o will_v be_v hold_v for_o none_o and_o to_o be_v redress_v as_o void_v and_o erroneous_a so_o that_o if_o the_o law_n and_o court_n be_v not_o obstruct_v in_o the_o case_n of_o some_o sort_n of_o freeman_n of_o england_n the_o whole_a proceed_n contrary_a to_o these_o law_n without_o a_o jury_n of_o his_o peer_n be_v avoidable_o and_o reversable_a by_o writ_n of_o error_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o precedent_n vouch_v in_o the_o respondent_n second_o answer_n 3._o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o court_n power_n to_o try_v the_o freeman_n and_o consequent_o the_o respondent_fw-la by_o a_o jury_n of_o his_o equal_v the_o court_n be_v humble_o desire_v to_o consider_v the_o word_n of_o qualification_n 1._o the_o court_n be_v authorise_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v and_o so_o if_o at_o all_o commissioner_n than_o commissioner_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n and_o such_o commissioner_n in_o their_o natural_a constitution_n and_o practical_a execution_n do_v

not_o by_o any_o law_n of_o the_o land_n but_o by_o the_o will_n of_o lawless_a power_n and_o rebellion_n that_o have_v cancel_v all_o our_o law_n liberty_n and_o property_n and_o subvert_v our_o fundamental_a government_n and_o disfranchise_v and_o disinherit_v the_o whole_a nation_n yet_o master_n st._n john_n in_o his_o say_a argument_n against_o strafford_n p._n 38._o be_v then_o of_o opinion_n that_o to_o subvert_v the_o law_n and_o government_n and_o make_v a_o kingdom_n no_o kingdom_n be_v treason_n at_o the_o common_a law_n this_o act_n 26._o mar._n 1650_o be_v a_o new_a model_a commission_n of_o oier_fw-fr and_o terminer_n and_o all_o the_o people_n of_o the_o land_n be_v by_o the_o consequence_n thereof_o disfranchise_v and_o proscribe_v the_o illegality_n and_o tyranny_n thereof_o they_o have_v introduce_v who_o in_o this_o parliament_n so_o zealous_o complain_v against_o the_o court_n of_o the_o precedent_n and_o counsel_n of_o york_n or_o of_o the_o north_n as_o a_o intolerable_a grievance_n notwithstanding_o it_o have_v be_v of_o as_o long_a continuance_n as_o from_o 31._o h._n 8_o as_o appear_v by_o a_o worthy_a member_n speech_n or_o argument_n against_o it_o in_o the_o say_a book_n of_o speech_n and_o passage_n p._n 409._o make_v by_o order_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o in_o april_n 1649._o i_o find_v not_o one_o exception_n there_o make_v against_o the_o court_n of_o york_n to_o which_o this_o upstart_n high_a court_n be_v not_o more_o liable_a than_o it_o 1._o the_o commissioner_n of_o this_o high_a court_n be_v not_o appoint_v to_o inquire_v per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la proborum_fw-la et_fw-la legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la that_o be_v by_o jury_n as_o by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o above_o 30._o statute_n confirm_v it_o all_o commission_n ought_v to_o run_v 2._o they_o be_v not_o appoint_v nor_o swear_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v secundùm_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la according_a to_o the_o know_a law_n as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v but_o according_a to_o certain_a article_n and_o power_n give_v in_o the_o say_a act_n 26._o march_n 1650._o 3._o the_o say_a act_n 26._o march_n leave_v a_o dangerous_a latitude_n to_o the_o interpretation_n and_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n contrary_a to_o what_o be_v do_v in_o the_o act_n 25._o ed._n 3._o chap._n 2._o namely_o it_o have_v one_o clause_n enable_v they_o to_o inflict_v upon_o offender_n such_o punishment_n either_o by_o death_n or_o otherwise_o corporal_o as_o the_o say_a commissioner_n or_o the_o major_a part_n of_o they_o present_a shall_v judge_v to_o apperteine_v to_o justice_n this_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o breast_n of_o the_o commissioner_n without_o any_o law_n or_o rule_n to_o walk_v by_o to_o inflict_v what_o torment_n and_o ignominious_a punishment_n they_o please_v although_o not_o use_v in_o our_o nation_n and_o arbitrary_a corporal_a pain_n be_v proper_a to_o slave_n not_o to_o subject_n here_o after_o the_o loss_n of_o all_o but_o their_o body_n the_o people_n may_v see_v their_o body_n subject_a to_o the_o lawless_a will_n of_o our_o grandee_n and_o by_o another_o clause_n this_o act_n impower_v the_o commissioner_n to_o examine_v witness_n upon_o oath_n or_o otherwise_o if_o need_v be_v this_o word_n or_o otherwise_o etc._n etc._n give_v they_o power_n to_o examine_v witness_n without_o oath_n if_o they_o can_v procure_v witness_n so_o far_o the_o son_n of_o belial_n and_o cauterize_v in_o conscience_n as_o to_o adventure_v upon_o a_o oath_n even_o in_o case_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o mutilation_n of_o member_n contrary_a to_o the_o current_n of_o all_o our_o law_n and_o practice_n of_o all_o our_o court_n of_o law_n and_o of_o all_o nation_n see_v stat._n 1._o ed._n vi_o chap._n 12._o 5_o ed._n vi_o chap._n 11._o cook_n 3._o inst._n pag._n 24_o 25_o 26._o deut._n 17._o 6._o ex_fw-la ore_fw-la duorum_fw-la vel_fw-la trium_fw-la peribit_fw-la qui-occidetur_fw-la deut._n 17._o 6._o matth._n 18._o 16._o john_n 18._o 23._o 2_o cor._n 13._o 1._o heb._n 10._o 28._o this_o be_v the_o most_o arbitrary_a and_o destroy_a liberty_n that_o ever_o be_v give_v to_o judge_n and_o such_o as_o none_o but_o profess_a thief_n and_o murderer_n will_v accept_v or_o make_v use_n of_o the_o scripture_n say_v a_o oath_n be_v the_o end_n of_o controversy_n between_o man_n and_o man_n how_o then_o can_v they_o end_v and_o determine_v a_o controversy_n without_o oath_n but_o the_o end_n of_o all_o controversy_n before_o this_o butcher-row_n of_o judge_n be_v cut_v of_o throat_n and_o confiscation_n of_o estate_n and_o by_o the_o same_o clause_n of_o the_o say_a act_n to_o examine_v witness_n they_o may_v and_o i_o hear_v do_v examine_v witness_n clandestine_o and_o proceed_v upon_o bare_a deposition_n read_v in_o court_n whereas_o they_o ought_v to_o produce_v the_o witness_n face_n to_o face_n in_o open_a court_n and_o there_o swear_v they_o 26._o that_o the_o party_n accuse_v may_v interrogate_v they_o and_o examine_v the_o circumstance_n and_o whether_o they_o contradict_v themselves_o or_o one_o another_o for_o clear_n the_o evidence_n and_o whether_o they_o be_v lawful_a witness_n or_o no_o nay_o i_o hear_v they_o do_v private_o suborn_v and_o engage_v witness_n without_o oath_n and_o then_o produce_v they_o to_o swear_v what_o they_o have_v former_o relate_v only_o and_o if_o they_o scruple_n at_o a_o oath_n punish_v they_o for_o misinform_v the_o state_n 4._o that_o i_o may_v make_v some_o more_o use_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a member_n word_n whether_o the_o king_n or_o a_o prevail_a party_n usurp_v his_o kingly_a power_n may_v canton_n out_o a_o part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n or_o cull_v and_o mark_v out_o for_o slaughter_n some_o principal_a man_n and_o deny_v they_o the_o benefit_n of_o law_n in_o order_n thereto_o as_o these_o judge_n do_v to_o be_v try_v by_o special_a commission_n since_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v under_o the_o know_a law_n and_o court_n establish_v at_o westminster_n it_o shall_v seem_v by_o this_o parliament_n eager_a complaint_n against_o the_o special_a commission_n of_o york_n this_o parliament_n have_v determine_v this_o question_n in_o the_o negative_a already_o whatsoever_o their_o present_a practice_n to_o carry_v on_o their_o design_n be_v see_v stat._n 17._o car_n 1._o against_o the_o star_n chamber_n to_o what_o purpose_n serve_v those_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o the_o petition_n of_o right_n if_o man_n may_v be_v fine_v and_o imprison_v nay_o murder_a without_o law_n according_a to_o the_o discretion_n of_o commissioner_n this_o discretion_n be_v the_o quicksand_n that_o have_v swallow_v our_o property_n and_o liberty_n but_o be_v now_o ready_a to_o swallow_v our_o carcase_n thus_o far_o that_o gentleman_n who_o word_n then_o carry_v the_o parliamentary_a stamp_n upon_o they_o let_v i_o add_v some_o more_o exception_n of_o my_o own_o against_o this_o high_a court_n of_o injustice_n 5._o soldier_n of_o the_o army_n be_v appoint_v by_o the_o act_n 26._o march_n to_o be_v assistant_n to_o the_o commissioner_n contrary_a to_o the_o peaceable_a proceed_n of_o the_o law_n which_o never_o make_v use_n of_o any_o but_o civil_a magistrate_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o law_n see_v stat._n 7._o ed._n l._n 2._o ed._n iii_o chap._n 3._o 7._o r._n ii_o chap._n 13._o 6._o and_o contrary_a to_o the_o old_a oath_n which_o all_o judge_n ought_v to_o take_v in_o these_o word_n you_o shall_v swear_v well_o and_o lawful_o to_o serve_v the_o king_n and_o people_n in_o the_o office_n of_o justice_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o to_o what_o estate_n and_o condition_n they_o be_v come_v before_o you_o in_o the_o session_n with_o force_n and_o arm_n against_o the_o peace_n against_o the_o statute_n thereof_o make_v to_o disturb_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o common_a law_n or_o to_o menace_v the_o people_n that_o you_o arrest_v their_o body_n etc._n etc._n stat._n 18._o ed._n iii_o in_o an._n dom._n 1344._o p._n 144._o poulton_n book_n of_o stat._n at_o large_a but_o the_o oath_n appoint_v for_o these_o commissioner_n to_o take_v be_v not_o pen_v in_o term_n of_o indifferency_n nor_o do_v any_o way_n oblige_v they_o to_o the_o people_n 26._o mar._n 1550._o viz_n you_o shall_v swear_v well_o and_o true_o according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o your_o skill_n and_o knowledge_n to_o execute_v the_o several_a power_n give_v you_o by_o this_o act_n not_o well_o and_o lawful_o to_o serve_v the_o people_n beside_o they_o swear_v to_o execute_v the_o several_a power_n give_v not_o to_o do_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o law_n now_o the_o law_n be_v the_o only_a rule_n of_o justice_n by_o which_o we_o distinguish_v crooked_a from_o straight_o true_a from_o false_a right_a from_o wrong_n this_o be_v not_o the_o work_n these_o judge_n be_v pack_v for_o but_o to_o execute_v act_n of_o power_n and_o will_n but_o power_n be_v often_o usurp_v tyrannical_a illegal_a