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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
justice_n	county_n	hold_v	peace_n	2,913	5	6.2612	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A28392	A Description of the island of Jamaica with the other isles and territories in America, to which the English are related ... : taken from the notes of Sr. Thomas Linch, Knight, governour of Jamaica, and other experienced persons in the said places : illustrated with maps / published by Richard Blome.	Blome, Richard, d. 1705.; Lynch, Thomas, Sir, d. 1684?	1672 (1672)	Wing B3208; ESTC R7437	42,330	208

c. Commodities Commodities which this Countrey doth or may produce are Hemp Flax Hops Rape-Seed Anniceseed Wood Madder Pot-Ashes Honey Wax Silk if they would make it Mulberry-Trees here growing in such great plenty Saxafras Sarsaparilla several swee● Gums and Balsomes of Sovereign vertues several sorts of Plants Woods c. used by Dyers here are veins of Alomes Iron and Copper sundry sorts of Rich Furrs Elk-skins which maketh excellen● Buffe and other Hides Pitch Tarr Rozen Turpentine Butter Cheese and Salted Flesh and Fish which find vent at the Barbadoes and other Caribbe Isles but above all these their chief Commodity is Tobacco which they are sure to find vent for and is the Standard by which all other Commodities are prized but it were well for the Inhabitants if they would imploy their time about the making of Silk or some other Commodities which in a short time would be found more advantageous unto them then their Tobacco would not be so great a Drug as of late it is insomuch that the Merchant oft-times had rather lose it then to pay the charges and Duties of Freight Custome Excise c. Here groweth a kind of Flax called Silk-grass of which the Indians make Thred and Strings and is good to make Linnen-cloth and Shifts and would make excellent strong Cables Their Trade Here all Trades-men especially Handicrafts finds good encouragement and for those Commodities aforesaid the English who have the sole Trade bring them all sorts of Apparel all manner of Utinsills belonging to Household-stuf or necessary in their Plantations or otherwise also Wine Brandy and other strong Drinks likewise all Silks Stuf and Cloth both Linnen and Wollen which they convert to several uses according to their Fancyes being now supplyed by Taylors Their Trees Here groweth sundry sorts of Trees of the red and white Oak Black Walnut Cedar Pine Cyprus Chesnut Poppler Ash Elm c. many of which are very good for the building of Ships and other uses The Rivers This Country is well watered with several great and strong Rivers which lose themselves in the Gulph or bay of Chesopeak which gives entrance for shipping in this Country as also to Mary-Land next adjoyning which said Bay is very large Capacious and Comodious for Shipping being said to run up into the Countrey northwards near 75 Leagues its breadth in many places being 5 6 or 7 Leagues and sometimes more and 6 or 7 Fathom deep and its opening to the South between Cape-Henry which begineth Virginia and Cape-Charles on the other side opposite being about 10 or 12 Leagues wide The principal of these Rivers begining at Cape-Henry are Pawhatan now called James-River being very large Commodious for ships and found navigable about 50 Leagues Pamaunke now York-River also large and Navigable about 20 Leagues Rapahanock or Toppahanock likewise a good River and Navigable about 40. Leagues which is the last River of Virginia Northwardly that falls into the Bay of Chesopeack Their Townes Upon or near these Rivers for the conveniency of shipping the English are seated which at present do amount unto the number of about 30 or 40000 and have some Townes the chief amongst which is James-Town or rather James City commodiously seated James-River the Town is beautified with many fair and well built Brick Houses and as it is the chief town of the Countrey here is kept the Courts of Judicature and Offices of publique concern not far from which at Green-Spring resideth the Governour Sir William Berkley Next to James-town may be reckoned that of Elizabeth seated at the mouth of the said River a well built Town Also Dales-gift Wicocomoco Bermuda and others The English Government This Countrey is Governed by Laws agreeable with those of England for the deciding of all Causes both Civil and Criminal which said Laws are thus made by the Governour appointed by his Majesty with the consent of the General Assembly which doth consist of his Council and the Burgesses chosen by the Free-holders And for the better Government the Countrey which is possessed by the English is divided into several Counties in each of which are Sheriffs Justices of the Peace and other Officers which are from time to time appoynted by the Governour The names of the Counties are those of Carotuck Charles Glocester Hartford Henrico James New-Kent Lancastar Middlesex Nansemund Lower-Norfolk Northampton Northumberland Rappahanock Surrey Warwick Westmorland Isle of Wight and York and in each of these Counties are held petty Courts every month from which there may be Appeales to the Quarter-Court held at James-Town The Natives or Indians Virginia was and yet is the habitation of divers sorts of Indians which have no dependance upon each other being of particular Tribes and having their peculiar King to Govern them every Indian-Town or rather poor Village being the habitation of a King and these People do rather live at enmity than amity together And as to their Dispositions Manners Religions c. there is found a difference but most of all in their Languages so that those People may not improperly be called so many several Nations They are generally a sort of people well proportionate stout of a swarthy complexion their Hair black and flaggy which they wear long they are of a ready Wit very Subtile and Treacherous not much addicted to labour being too great lovers of their ease they are much given to Hunting and going to Wars with each other their Weapons being the Bow and Arrows at which they are very expert being good marks-men but of late they have got the use of Guns and other Weapons through the folly of the English in shewing them They are very loving and obedient to their Kings in matters of Religion they observe strange Ceremonies and their Priests which are esteemed Conjurers makes Sacrifices for them They believe the Transmigration of the Soul and have strange fancies about the Creation of they World they believe there is a God but think he hath something else to do then to concern himself with things below as too inferiour for him and do therefore not Worship him but the Divel they worship out of a fear least he should destroy them as having the power of them Their Apparel is but mean only contenting themselves with something to cover their Nakedness and for the better defending themselves from the weather they anoynt their Bodyes with certain Oyles mixt with Beares Grease Their Houses are no better then our English Hogsties and are made of Boughs and covered with Bark of Trees and in the midst thereof is placed their Chimney or Fire-place Their Dyet in meaness is answerable to their Houses not endeavouring to please their Pallets with curious Sauces or pompering their Bodies with provokative Meates A DESCRIPTION OF MARYLAND It s Scituation and Bounds THe Province of Maryland lying between the degrees of 37 and 50 minutes or thereabouts and 40 degrees of Northern Latitude

It hath for its Bounds on the South Virginia from which it is parted by the River Patowmeck whose Southerly bank divides the Province from Virginia on the East the Atlantick Ocean and Delaware-Bay on the North New-England and New-York formerly part of New-England lying on the East side of Delaware-Bay and on the West the true Meridian of the first fountain of the River of Patowmeck The Bay of Chesopeack giving entrance to Ships into Virginia and Maryland passeth through the heart of this Province and is found Navigable near 200 miles into which falls the Rivers of Patowmeck Patuxent Ann-Arundel alas Severn and Sasquesahanough lying on the West side of the Bay and to the East of the said Bay those of Choptanke Nantecoke Pocomoke and several other Rivers and Rivulets to the great improvement of the Soyl and Beauty of this Province The Countrey of late since the Felling of the Woods and the Peoples accustoming themselves to English Dyet is very healthful and and agreeable to the constitution of the English few now dying at their first coming of the Countreys disease or Seasoning And as to the Temperature of Air the heats in Summer receive such seasonable allayes from gentle breezes and fresh Showres of Rain and the Cold in Winter is of so little durance that the Inhabitants cannot be said to suffer by either The Soyl c. The Countrey is generally plain and even yet rising in some places into small and pleasant Hills which heighten the beauty of the adjacent Valleys The Soyl is Rich and Fertil naturally producing all such Commodities as are in the precedent discourse set down as peculiar to its neighbouring Colony Virginia as all sorts of Beasts and Fowle both Tame and Wild Fish Fruits Plants Roots Herbs Gums Trees Balsomes c. as likewise all Commodities produced by Industry are here found in as great plenty and perfection But the general trade of Maryland depends chiefly upon Tobacco which being esteemed better for a Forreign Market than that of Virginia finds great Vent abroad and the Planters at home in exchange thereof are furnished by the Merchant with all necessaries for himself his House Family and Plantation Their is a Competent stock of ready mony in this Province both of English Forreign and his Lordshipps own Coyne yet their chief way of Commerce is by way of barter or exchange of Commodities which may be judged to be no wayes inconsiderable since 100 sail of Ships from England and the English Plantations have of late Yeares been known to trade thither in one Year The Natives The Natives as to their Complexion Stature Customes Dispositions Laws Religions Apparel Dyet Houses c. are much the same as those of Virginia already treated of being likewise many different Tribes or sorts of People and each Govern'd by their particular King The Government c. of this Countrey This Province of Maryland his Majesty King Charles the first in Anno 1632 granted by Patent to the Right Honourable Caecilius Calvert Lord Baltemore and to his Heires and Assignes and by that Patent created him and them the true and absolute Lords and Propriators of the same saving the Allegiance and Soveraigne Dominion due to his Majesty his Heirs and Successours thereby likewise granting to them all Royal Jurisdictions and Prerogatives both Millitary and Civil as power of enacting Laws Martial Laws making of War and Peace pardoning of Offences Conferring of Honours Coyning of Money c. And in acknowledgement thereof yeilding and and paying yearly to his Majesty his Heires and Successors two Indian Arrows at Windsor Castle in the County of Berks on Easter Tuesday together with the fifth part of all the Gold and Silver Oare that shall be found there For the better inviting of people to settle here his Lordship by advice of the General Assembly of that Province hath long since established a Model of good and wholsome Laws for the ease and benefit of the Inhabitants with tolleration of Religion to all sorts that profess the Faith of Christ which hath been a principal motive to many to settle under that Government rather then in another where liberty of Conscience was denyed them It s division into Countyes This Province where it is peopled with English is severed into 10 Counties to wit 5 Eastwards of Chesopeak Bay as Cecil Dorchester Kent Sommerset and Talbot and 5 westwards of the said Bay as Ann-Arundel Baltemore Calvert Charles and St. Maries And in every one of these Countyes there is held an inferiour Court every two months for small matters from which there lyeth Appeales to the Provincial Court held at St. Maryes Here are likewise certain Magistrates appoynted by his Lordship in each County as Sheriffs Justices of the Peace c. Their Townes The Inhabitants being in number at present about 16000 have begun the building of several Townes which in few Yeares 't is hoped may come to some perfection as Calverton Herrington and Harvy-Town all Commodiously seated for the benefit of Trade and conveniency of Shipping but the principal Town is St. Maryes seated on St. Georges River being beautified with divers well-built Houses and is the cheif place or scale of Trade for the Province where the Governour his Lordships Son and Heir Mr. Charles Calvert hath his House and where the General Assembly and Provincial Courts are held and Publique Offices kept but at present the said Governour doth reside at Mattapany about 8 Miles distant where he hath a fair and pleasant House And for the better assisting the said Governour in matters that concerns the Government of the Province he hath his Council c. A DESCRIPTION OF New-YORK ADjoyning to Mary-Land Northwards is a Colony called New-York from his Royal Highness the Duke of York the Proprietor thereof by grant from his Majesty and is that part of New-England which the Dutch formerly seized and called the New Netherlands It s Fertility c. It is a Countrey of a Rich and Fertile Soyl well watered with Rivers as is Mary-Land already spoken of and is found to produce the same Beasts Birds Fish Fruits Commodities Trees c. and in as great plenty It s Town Here is one very considerable Town first built by the Dutch and called New-Amsterdam which name is now changed to New-York It is well seated both for Trade Security and Pleasure in a small Isle called Mahatan reguarding the Sea made so by Hudsons-River which severeth it from Long-Island which said River is very commodious for Shipping and is about two Leagues broad The Town is large containing about five hundred well-built Houses and for Civil Government it hath a Mayor Alderman a Sheriff and Justices of the Peace for their Magistrates For the further security of this Town here is raised a Fort called James-Fort which is very strong and well Defended and Maintained with Men and Ammunition The Town is Inhabited by the English and Dutch and

nay hardly to see a Gun or any other weapon and being kept in such a slavery they are fearful of begining such an Insurrection it being present death for any that shall in the least be found to act or contrive such a thing The Management of a Plantation ought to be the Masters care yet few of them except those of the meaner degree are without their Overseers who takes off that trouble from them whose Office is to call them to work by the Ring of a Bell at 6 a clock in the morning to appoint them their sevesal works to give them due Correction upon any Misdemeanour or Idleness he likewise dismisses them at 11 a clock to go to their Dinner and calls them again by One a clock by the said Bell and dischargeth them at 6 at night What I have said in this Treatise of Barbadoes concerning their Servants and Slaves may be said in that of Jamaica for the Servants and Slaves are their greatest stock those they Buy the Servants for a Tearm of years the Negroes for ever their Apparrel which they allow to either being much the same but their Dyet better and for their labour it may be said to be much the same the Island producing the same Commodities The Island of Barbados very strong This Island is very strong as well by Nature as Art being sheltered with Rocks and Shoals and where nature hath not thus defended it it is Fortified by Trenches and Rampiers with Pallisadoes Curtains and Counter-Scarfes besides round about the Isle reguarding the Sea is standing Wood Here are also for its further Defence 3 Forts one for a Magazine for the Ammunition and Powder to lye in and the other two for places of Retreats as occasion serveth They have also for their further security a standing Militia consisting of two Regiments of Horse and five of Foot which are Stout and well-Disciplined men and alwayes to be Ready on beat of Drum The Government of this Isle This Isle is Governed by Lawes assimulated to those of England for all matters either Civil Ecclesiastick Criminal Maritine or Martial yet not without some few Lawes appropriate to themselves which are not repugnant to the Lawes of England For the Execution of these Lawes they have their Courts of Judicature The Law is administred by the Governour or his Deputy and Ten of his Council The Isle is divided into four Circuites in each of which there is an Inferiour Court for civil Causes from which Appeals may be made to the Supream Court Here are also Justices of the Peace Constables Church-wardens and Tything-men And for the Administration of Justice here are yearly 5 Sessions At the Governours pleasure he calleth an Assembly for the making of New Lawes so as not contrary to those of England and for the abolishing of Old which said Assembly is much in the nature of our Parliament and doth consist of the Governour as Supream his Ten Council as so many Peers and two Burgesses chosen by the Commonalty out of each of the Parishes The present Governour is the Right Hon. William Willoughby Baron Willoughby of Parham As concerning the nature of the Sugar-Canes how to Plant them their growth cutting grinding boyling the conveyance of the Skimmings into the Cisterns how to distill it for Spirits how long it stayes in the Cureing-house before it be good Muscovado-Sugar together with the making it into Whites is not my business in this small Treatise to give the Reader instructions therein referring to Mr. Richard Ligons Book of the Description of this Isle A DESCRIPTION OF The ISLAND of St. CHRISTOPHERS ST Christophers so called from Christopher Columbus the first discoverers thereof scituate in the Latitude of 17 degrees and 25 min. in circuite about 75 miles The Land lieth high and mountainous in the midst from which springeth several Rivers which oft-times by reason of the Raines that falleth down the Mountaines are overflown to the detriment of the Inhabitants The Soyl Commodities c. The Soyl is light and sandy and very apt to produce several sorts of Fruits Provisions and Commodities as Sugar Tobacco Cotton Ginger c. This Isle by reason of its several great and steepy Mountains between which are Springs of hot and Sulphurous Water with horrid Precipices and thick Woods renders it very impassable through the midst And the steepy Ascents of the Mountains are divided into several Stages or Stories where are spacious wayes On the Sea-side there is a Salt-pit called Gul-desac and not far from the said Salt-pit there is a small Istmus of land which reacheth within a mile and a half of the Island of Nievis or Mevis This Island is a place exceeding delightful and of a most delectable Prospect to the Eye of the beholder for if the Eye be directed downwards from the top it hath a Prospect of curious Gardens which gently descend to the Sea-side and in reguard of the continual Ascent of the Isle the lower Stage or Story doth not debar the Eye of the pleasant Prospect of that which lyeth at a Remoter distance which is terminated by those high Mountains And that which maketh the Prospect the more delectable in the several Plantations which are bounded with Rows of Trees alwayes in their Verdure are the fair Houses covered with glazed Slate The Division of the Isle and how Possessed The whole Isle is divided into four Quarters or Cantons two of which are possessed by the English and two by the French which parts are not so well watered as those of the English but are better for Tillage and not so Hilly The English are more Populous then the French and have two fortified places one commanding the great Haven and the other a descent not far from Pointe de sable The French have Four strong Forts of which one hath Regular Works like a Cittadel that of most note commands the Haven and is called Basse-Terre Both the English and the French keep constant Guard at their Forts placed at the entrance of the Paths which leads to the several Wards for the better security of each other Here are five Churches in those parts belonging to the English viz. one at Sandy-point one at Palme-Tree another near the great Road and two at the Inlet of Cayoune with many fair Structures The French besides their several Habitations dispersed up and down in their quarters have at Basse-Terre near the Haven where Ships lye at Anchor a Town of a good bigness whose Houses are well built of Brick Freestone and Timber where the Merchants have their Store-houses and is well Inhabited by Tradesmen and are well served with such Commodities both for the Back and Belly together with Utensils for their Houses and Plantations as they have occasion of in exchange of such Commodities which are the product of the Island Here is a fair and large Church as also a publique-Hall for the administration of Justice