who whilest they liued did continually afflict both themselues and thier subiects by tyrannies so as they purchased the surnames of Bad and Cruell Charles the second of that name and the thirtith king of Nauarre 5. LEauing the Estate of Castile at this time somewhat quiet Nauarre we will returne to the affaires of Nauarre the which we left at the death of Donna Ieanne wife to King Philip of Eureux to whome of three sonnes Charles Philip and Lewis Charles the eldest succeeded to the Crowne of Nauarre who was surnamed the bad by reason of the troubles he caused as well on this side as beyond the Pyreneé mountaines and of his strange disposition Beeing called by the three Estates of the Realme hee came in the yeare 1350. and was crowned in the cittie of Pampelona in an assembly made to that end after the manner of his Predecessors swearing to obserue the lawes and liberties of the country His coronation was accompanied with some bountie to the Cathedrall church of Pampelona to the which among other things he gaue a great crosse of siluer enameled with Flower de Luces azure During his coronation some of his people mutined pretending a breach of thier priuiledges whome the king did punish to seuerely causing many to be hanged and to bee executed by other cruell punishments as the cure farre exceeded the disease With the like violence he afflicted the Nobility of Nauarre Manners of K. Charles the 2. so as they decayed greatly and he shewed himselfe in all his actions inconstant wauering and light of beleefe If hee had any good in him it was a certaine respect he bare to Clergie men and to schollers At his coming the king of Arragon sent a Secretarie of his vnto him called Peter of Tarrega to confirme the League which was betwixt these two Realmes and soone after hee sent him another ambassage by Don Lope Earle of Luna and Don Iohn Fernandes of Heredia Castellan of Amposta for a more ample confirmation of the league and allyance betwixt them two propounding vnto the king of Nauarre an allyance by marriage to the end he might hold the kingdomes of Nauarre and Arragon well vnited for the king of Arragon feared much least Don Pedro king of Castile who was a violent dangerous and faithlesse Prince should breake the peace that was betwixt the two Realmes imbracing the quarrels of the Queene dowager of Arragon and of her children and should ioyne with Nauarre by some allyance which might be preiudiciall vnto him Hereuppon the Ambassadors propounded a marriage betwixt Don Charles king of Nauarre and one of the daughters of the king of Sicily who was of the house of Arragon And for that it was bruted that the king of Castile who had not then concluded a marriage with Blanche of Bourbon pretended to marrie Blanche of Nauarre sister to this King Charles and widdow to Philip of Valois the French king he was intreated to hinder it King Charles who had a desire and was councelled to take a wife in France excused himselfe from marrying with Sicile assuring the king of Arragon that the Queen Dowager of France would not marrie any more for it had beene a custome long obserued in France that the Queenes remayning widowes how young soeuer did not marrie againe finally hee conclded with the Ambassadours of an interview betwixt the king of Arragon and him but before it could be effected Don Pedro king of Castile who had beene aduertised of all which had past betwixt the King Don Charles and the ambassadours of Arragon wrought so as he drew the King of Nauarre to Bourgos Enterview of the Kings of Nauarre and Castile where there was great embracings and rich presents giuen of either side in the yeare 1351. as we haue sayd At this enterview was Philip brother to king Charles Beeing returned into Nauarre and hauing many great desseigns in his head hee made preparation to passe into France Whereof the King of Arragon beeing aduertised he sent to summon him of his promise that they should meete together whereunto he yeelded assigning the place at Momblanc where by the same meanes he should visit Enterview betwixt the kings of Arragon and Castile passing by Huesca his Neeces D. Constance and D. Ieanne Infants of Arragon Then the King Don Charles tooke his way towards France leading with him his two breethren Don Philip and Don Lewis The enterview of these Princes at Momblanc made them no better friends neither did they conclude that which D. Pedro king of Arragon did expect The king of Nauarre being come into France he beganne to make claime to many things for besides the Earledomes of Champagne and Brie which he pretended to belong vnto him hee made a title to the Duchie of Bourgongue by reason of his mother Queene Ieanne issued from that house of Bourgogne by her mother with many other claimes wherein king Iohn had no intent to do him right finding it so by his Councell ◠He had for his chief aduersarie another Charles or Iohn according to the French Histories who was Constable of France of the house of Castile Earle of Angoulesme sonne to Don Alphonso de la Cerde of whome wee haue often made mention whereby there were great insolencies murthers and rebellions committed throughout the Realme of France as we will touch briefly in passing for that these quarrels belong rather to the Historie of France then Spaine The king of Nauarre beeing in these poursuites by the course of Iustice before the Estates of France and the Courts of Parlament King Iohn thinking to pacifie him and to make him more tractable gaue him one of his daughters in marriage and in recompence of his demands gaue him Mante and Meulan but this did not abate his pride but wrought a contrarie effect This Princesse called Ieanne was the onely wife of King Charles of Nauarre Genealogie of Nauarre who had a great and a noble issue by her Charles was the first borne of this marriage who was king after his father Philip who dyed young Peter who was Earle of Mortaing in Normandie Moreouer they had these daughters following Mary who was Countesse of Denia married to Don Alphonso of Arragon Blanche who died at the age of thirteene yeares and Ieanne future Duchesse of Brittaine and after that Queene of England Of the Earle of Mortaing some Histories say is issued one sonne named Peter of Peralta who was Constable of Nauarre the stemme of the Marquis of Falses yet by the feminine line who are also Earles of Saint Esteuan Before the marriage of King Charles hee had a bastard sonne called Don Leon of Nauarre or Lyonel from whome are descended the Marquises of Cortes Marshals of Nauarre begotten of a Gentlewoman of the house of Euçe Of him was borne Don Philip the first of that line Marshall of Nauarre◠of Don Philip was borne Don Pedro of him Don Philip and Don Pedro brethren of Don Pedro anther
of Nauarre to enioy the lands of the ancient patrimonie of Nauarre vsurped by the Kings of Castile with diuers others These treaties betwixt the king of Nauarre and Don Henry Earle of Transtamara were secret and vnknowne to the king of Arragon Arragon who gouerned himselfe for the most part by the aduice of Don Bernard of Cabrera a wise Knight and of great experience by whom he was often perswaded from that which the other would haue him yeeld vnto for the which he was hated by the king of Nauarre and Don Henry besides beeing a priuie Councellor and of greatest authoritie he was enuied by the other Noblemen of Arragon who were lesse fauoured wherefore these Princes beeing againe assembled at Almudear the king of Nauarre and the Earles of Transtamara and Ribagorça conspired to depriue the King of Arragon of this Councellor D. Bernard of Cabrera in disgrace with his King and wrought so as they brought him into disgrace with the king Don Bernard beeing aduertised that they meant to apprehend him sought to retire himselfe and flying came into Nauarre to Carcastillo the inhabitants whereof seeing that he was poursued by Garci Lopes of Sese shut their towne gates but beeing summoned by Garci Lopes in the name of the two kings to deliuer Don Bernard they stayed him attending the kings commandement who willed them to deliuer him vnto Garci Lopes who conuayed him to Murillo where he remayned some time in hope to be deliuered by which he was so hated by the king of Nauarre and Earle of Transtamara as they neuer ceased by importune accusations vntill they had put him to death This Bernard of Cabrera has before the yeare 1346. beeing forced to come to Court and to employ himselfe in great affaires of State wherein he was very iudicious when as wearie of the world he had resolued to become a Monke The king had cherished and aduanced him and receiued many good counsels and profitable seruices from him as well in the ciuill wars within his owne Realme as in that of Sardinia and Castile But as Courtiers the more they seeke the greatnesse and honour of their Prince and are by them the more honoured and beloued are the more subiect to enuie so fared it with him for hauing beene faithfull to the king his master he purchased the hatred of all the Princes and Noble-men of the Realme so as when he was taken by the practises of the king of Nauarre and Earle of Transtamara there was not any one that did fauour him but as it were by a common conspiracie his processe was made and the Infant Don Iohn Prince of Girone whome he had bred vp made his Iudge where sitting in Iustice and hauing for assistant Dominicke of Cerdagne chiefe Iustice of Arragon who by his charge and office should defend the oppressed pronounced sentence of death against this poore decrepite old man They write that his sentence being read by Don Berenger Apilia and Iames Monelia Vice-chanchelor he complayned greatly that he should be condemned without hearing or in a manner any forme of processe but Apilia answered him that he ought not to hold it strange seeing that by his owne Councell that custome had beene brought into Arragon and that he should remember the processe which was too summarily made against Iohn Ximenes of Vrrea and Raymond Marquet accused to haue slaine Raymond of S. Vincent who Bernard beheaded by the kings commandement and in a maner without any forme of processe had beene put to death He was led vnto the maâ—ket place of Sarragossa and there beheaded and his head was carried vnto the king beeing at Barcelona Such rewards many times haue the most faithfull Councellors of their ill aduised Princes Thus miserably dyed one of the greatest personages in nobility iudgement and vertue which had beene of long time in Arragon who without the king his master had executed great matters and the king without him did neuer any thing of worth All his goods were confiscate to the king whereby he pourchased great dishonor and rightly both for his death and for that of his brother Don Fernand. Bernardin of Cabrera son to Bernard had married Marguerite of Foix daughter to the Vicount of Castelbon by Constance of Luna sister to D. Lope a Lady of the bloud royall of Arragon for she was daughter to Artal of Luna and to D. Constance Perez who was daughter to Don Iames Perez base sonne to the king Don Pedro the third At that time the Prince Don Iohn did not much exceed fourteene yeares yet he was employed in great affaires within the Realme as well for warre as instice with a dispensation for his age beeing assisted by Don Pedro Earle of Ribagorça who hauing renounced the world in his old age had taken vppon him the habit of Saint Francis and moreouer by Don Pedro of Vrgel sone to the Infant D. Iames the Kings brother and by the Vicount of Cardona for the warre and for iustice and other affaires of the Realme he had for his Councellors Berenger Apilia Bernard Sous William Guymerand and Thomas Marzan of Cattelogne During this last warre betwixt Castile and Arragon D. Pedro king of Arragon prest by necessity took the reuenues of many benefices without demanding leaue from the Pope and the more inconsideratly Reuenues of Churches takâ—n in without the Popes leaue say they for that Vrban then raigning had neuer refused him any thing wherefore he was in great danger to be excommunicated and deiected from the rights of his Realmes especially from that of Sardinia which hee held in fee of the Church the soueraignty whereof many of the Cardinals were of aduice to giue to the Iudge of Arborea The king for this cause sent his vncle D. Pedro sometimes Earle of Ribagorça and then a Friar and Gaspar Tregure Doctor of the lawes vnto the Pope who declared in open Consistorie That in like necessities and miseries as the Realm of Arragon was then in it had bin lawfull for kings not only to vse the temporall reuenues but also to lay hands vpon the relicks and holy vessell of the Churches adding that the Ecclesiasticall Estate was no lesse bound to the preseruation of the common-weale then other Estates and that kings might freely vse their meanes in such extremities so as he promised to make them restitution in a conuenient time Whereupon the Pope considering of the cause did not pronounce any sentence The Iudge of Arborea hauing either practised the fauour of the Consistory or else moued with a desire to raigne attempted thereuppon to make sharpe warre against the Arragonois is Sardinia a turbulent Iland which continually bred new matter of charge and losse to the kings of Arragon who had a little before ended all quarels with the Genouois and by the meanes of Iohn Marquis of Montferrat his allye but to leaue a marke of punishment of the Rebels of Sardinia he had supprest the name of Galluri the which was
collour that it was dishonourable to hinder an enterprise of the crosse against Infidels so as he not only past but so augmented his troupes as being come to Alcala the Royal he had aboue fiue thousand foote At A cala D. Alphonso Fernandes of Cordoua Lord of Aguilar and his brother D. Diego Fernandes came vnto him who did admonish him againe adding withall that euery one would hold it indiscreetly done of him who was reputed a wise Knight and Maister of the Order of Alcantara to goe and defie the King of Granado who was so neere as with in lesse then two daies hee might incounter him with two hundred thousand foote Great power of the realme of Granado and fifty thousand horse and that without doubt besides the daunger and hurt hee might doe vnto the realme by the breach of the truce and defeat of his men he should blemish his honour and draw vpon himselfe perpetuall blame amongst all men that professed armes as a rash and ill aduised captaine but finding him obstinate and pretending that it would be held cowardise and basenesse in him if hauing past so farre Asores the bounds betwixt Granado and Castile hee should now returne wherevpon they wished him to lead his men to the riuer of Açores which makes the limit betwixt Granado and Castile and there attend the King of Granado a day or two if hee appeered hee should either fight with him body to body or else a hundred Christians against two hundred Moores as they agreed But if the Moores came not to the confines hee should bring backe his troupes and so hee should preserue his honour and reputation The Maister who was confirmed in his desire to fight with the Moores beeing moreouer incensed for that the Granadins had intreated two Gentlemen ignominiously whom hee had sent vnto their King to carry this challenge hee answered brauely to these Kinghts that hee thanked them for their good aduice but he was resolued not to stay vntill hee saw the port of Eluira at the city of Granado or fight with the Moores if hee met them vpon the way that he did hope to let the world see a miracle within few daies Thus he entred vnfortunatly into the country of Granado and did assault the tower of Excla where hee was hurt in the hand and neeere vnto him were three of his men slaine by the defendants whereas hee beganne to bee amazed for the Hermit which followed him had told him that he should not loose a man Hermit an Impostâ—r and therefore hee demaunded of him what it ment that they had already slaine three of his men to whom the Hermit answered that it was ment in battaile and not at the seege of places the which the Maister beleeued as assayling the tower more furiously then before The King of Granado seeing the rashnesse of this vnaduised Maister of the Order of Alcantara sent Ambassadors to the King of Castile to complaine of the breach of the truce made betwixt them and to demaund if it were by his commandement or not On the other side hee assembled a good number of horse and foote with the which hee marched towards the fronter he surprized the maister who was ill aduertised and charged him with his troupes so furiously as without giuing them time to arme hee slue the maister and all his horsemen with most of his footmen of the which about fifteene hundred saued themselues by flight The maister D. Martin Iuanes caused himselfe to bee surnamed Without feare and there is such an Inscription found vpon his tombe in Alcantara whether his body was carried by the permission of the King of Granado The King of Castile had newes of this defeat being in the Monastery of Santa Maria of Pelayos neere vnto the towne of Saint Martin de val d' Eglise where in a manner at the same time arriued the Ambassadors from the King of Granado who made their complaint and demaunded if the maister of Alcantara were entred in hostile manner into Granado Ambassage from the king of Granado to the King of Castile by his commandement and what his pleasure was for the entertayning of the truce The King answered that what the maister had done did much displease him and that he had forbidden him by his letters to vndertake such quarrels it auayling nothing to countenance religion by the breach of the truce which he desired to entertaine with the King of Granado his friend but he had not obayed him for the which he had beene punished if God by his iust iudgement had not abandoned him to bee slaine by the Moores and his men defeated as they had well deserued whereof he was newly aduertised to his great content The Messengers were sent backe with this answere the which did increase the ioy which the Moorish King conceiued for his victory by the assurance which they brought him of the continuance of the truce betwixt Granado and Castile This trouble vpon the Moores frontier was a pretext for the Duke of Benauent and other of the confederates to arme D. Henry reduceth the rebels to his obedience and to fortefie themselues euery one in his quarter saying it was to be ready at the Kings commandement if the Moores did enter into Andalâ—sia The King did cause D. Fernand Roderiques of Villadobos to bee chosen maister of the Knights of Alcantara in the place of the deceased Barbuda D. Laurence Suarez of Figueroa maister of Saint Iames vnderstood of this route in Ocagne where he was and came presently to the King being at Pelayos he aduised him to haue his forces in a redinesse for all euents assuring him that he should easily supprsse the Duke of Benauent and the Earles of Gijon and Transtamara with other Malcontents the which hee should not much regard but rather be carefull of the Moorish warres if they grew hot And to assure the frontier of Andalusia it was expedient that he were sent to Villa Real with the Archbishop of Toledo to ioyne with the Maister of the Calatraua and that the King should come to Toledo promising moreouer that he would perswade D. Alphonso of Arragon Marquis of Villena to come and doe him seruice The King beleeued this councell and came to Toledo whether D. Diego Lopes of Estuniga came vnto him and gaue an account of the â—oiage which hee had made vnto D. Iohn Garcia Manrique Archbishop of Saint Iames but the King being otherwise aduertised of the disobedience of the Duke of Benauent and of his confederats and how they continually leauied men he came to Illesca being followed by the Archbishop of Toledo the Maister of Saint Iames the Earle of Niebla D. Diego Hurtado of Mendoça Admirall Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça Lord Steward Diego Lopes of Estuniga chiefe Iustice Ruy Lopes of Aualos Chamberlaine and other Noblemen with about seuenteene hundred Launces Heere D. Alphonso of Arragon Mrquis of Villena who had not approched neere the court all the Kings
Arragon Arragon sonne to D. Pedro the Cerimonious hauing reigned nine yeeres and three monthes went about that time into the Island of Majorca whether he had beene drawne by the seditions of the Islanders raysed against the Iewes which dwelt among them whom they had slaine and spoiled after the manner of the Castillans and Arragonois incensed by a seditious Archdeacon preaching at Seuile with which mischiefe all the townes of Spaine were in the end infected except Saragossa The King hauing punished the chiefe authors of these hatefull mutinies in his returne he was driuen by a storme to Cap de Cruz about Ampurias from whence being come to Castillon Death of D. Iohn King of Arragon he was surprized by sodaine death some hold that it was in chasing the Wolfe in the woods of Foxa others say hee fell and bruzed his skull in the yeere 1395. This Prince 1395. as we haue formerly said had taken to wife a French Lady called Martha daughter to Iames Earle of Armaignac who gouerned him quietly by whom he had one only daughter called Ioane married at the time of his death to Mathew of Castelbon Earle of Foix and Lord of Bearn which was the cause of much warre in Arragon The Queene D. Martha being dead soone after her deliuery the King D. Iohn married Donna Violant daughter to the Duke of Bar who brought him a soone but of short life and lies interred at Saragossa and afterwards a daughter carrying the mothers name and married in her time to Lewis duke of Aniou sonne to that Lewis which died in Italy pursuing his interest to the realme of Naples After the death of King Iohn Mathew Earle of Foix who had married his eldest daughter pretended according to the custome practised in Spaine The Arragonois reiect D. Ioane from the succession and choose D. Martin that the carowne of Arragon did belong vnto his wife and sought all meanes to botaine it but the Arragonois would not then subiect themselues vnder a strange Prince and reiecting the womans right they did choose D. Martin for their king who was brother to the deceased and was then in Sicile These quarrels rysing from the succession in Arragon and the reiection of the heire of that realme which happened soone after the returne of the Queene Donna Leonora into Nauarre it mooued King Charles to take an oth of his subiects that they should maintaine the Realme to his eldest daughter and successiuely to the rest The end of the seuenteenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE EIGHTEENTH BOOKE of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1. PRroceeding of D. Henry King of Castile against the Earle of Gijon in France 2. Actions of Mahumet Guadix and other Kings of Granado treacheries poysonings and other excesse of that nation to reigne 3. Deeds of D. Henry King of Castile called the sickly Examples of his Iustice temperance and rigour with other pollitike acts 4. Iohn Pablo a Iew a learned man and his conuersation with the honours and dignities which he and his children obtained in Spaine 5. Reformation of the Knights of the Calatraua 6. Warre betwixt Portugal and Castile for the crowne 7. The Dutchesse of Momblanc seizeth vpon the realme of Arragon in the name of her husband D. Martin who was the 15. King of Arragon and the first of that name wherevnto the Estates consented 8. Confirmation of D. Martin King of Arragon his carriage in the gouernment of his realme to forraine Princes and the Pope 9. Death of D. Pedro Tenorio Archbishop of Toledo his family qualities workes and buildings Vacancy of that sea foure yeeres 10. Ruy Lopes d' Aualos and the beginning of the house of Aualos 11. Continuation of the Schisme friar Vincent Ferrier a great preacher 12. Warre against the Moores of Granado the death of King Henry the 3. 13. Marriage of D. Blanche Infanta of Nauarre with Don Martin King of Sicile Accord made by the King of Nauarre with the French King for the Lands of his patrimony that were seized 14. D. Iohn the second of that name King of Castile an Infant of two and twenty monthes old Fidelity and modestie of D. Fernand the Kings vncle Castile gouerned by him and the Queene mother 15. Warre of Granado managed by the Infant Don Fernand first vse of Artillerie in Spaine 16. Superstitions new sects and a third head in the church of Rome 17. Warre of Sardinia troubles at Valencia death of D. Martin the sonne King of Sicile Marriage of D. Martin the father King of Arragon 18. Warre of Castile against the Moores 19 Death of D. Martin King of Arragon Factions for the succession to that crowne The pretendants Arbitrators named to choose a King 20. Duke of Benaâ—ent escapes out of prison The Iewes and Moores commanded to carry certaine markes by the councell of friar Vincent Ferrier 21 D. Fernand first of that name and the 16. King of Arragon opposition of the Earle of Vrgel his imprisonment the Kings coronation 22. Retreat of Pope Benedict into Spaine Councell of Constance Estates at Sarragossa Marriage of the Infant D. Alphonso of Arragon with Donna Maria of Castile 23. D. Alphonso the fifth King of Arragon 24 Gouernment of Castile vnder Donna Catherina the Queene mother 25 Proceeding of the Councel of Constance against Pope Benedict and his obstinacy 26 Conquest of the Canaries by Iohn of Betancourt 27 Family of Estuniga death of the Queene Regent and other affaires of Castile 28 Deeds of D. Iohn King of Portugal Monastery of the battaile and other workes built by him Taking of Ceuta in Barbary descouerie of the Madera's First search of the Portugals into the South and East seas 29 Marriage of the Infant D. Iohn brother to D. Alphonso King of Arragon and of D. Blanch of Nauarre widow Queene of Sicile 30 Marriage pursued with violence by Don Henry maister of Saint Iames brother to the King of Arragon of Donna Catherina Infanta of Castile and what followed 31 Causes of the warre of Naples attempted by D. Alphonso King of Arragon Estate of that Realme vnder Queene Ioane the second 32 Aduancement of D. Aluaro de Luna to be Constable of Castile 33 D. Iohn first of that name and 32. King of Nauarre in the right of D. Blanch his wife 34 Deliuery of D. Henry maister of Saint Iames being prisoner Estates at Toro Restitution of the Constable being chased away ambition of D. Iohn king of Nauarre and of his brother D. Henry 35 New Order of Monkes of Saint Ierosme in Spaine 36 Estate of the Moores of Granado vnder Mahumet the left-handed and other Kings 37 Troubles betwixt Castile Nauarre and Arragon 38 Marriage of Donna Isabella of Portugal to Philip duke of Bourgondy Institution of the Order to the golden Fleece 39 Proceeding by iustice against the King of Nauarre and his partisans in Castile 40 Peace concluded betwixt Portugal and Castile D. Nugno Aluarez of Pereira first Constable of Portugal and
marauidis for the exactions and concussions done vppon his people and the kings money keeping them two moneths in the castle of Burgos vntill the full payment and execution of these things If he were moderate in this act of iustice Executions 〈◊〉 Seuile hee vsed greater rigour at Seuile where all was full of partialities proceeding from the diuisions and quarrels which his tutor had bred which the Magistrates and kings officers could not suppresse Being declared of full age he went thither and caused the Earle of Niebla Peter Ponce of Leon and other heads and chief authors of these seditions to be put in prison and hauing examined euery mans actions he banished some others he condemned in great fynes and losse of their offices and caused many to be hanged or lose their heads so as there were aboue a thousand persons intangled in these punishments and executions of iustice one of the chiefe ministers whereof was Doctor Iohn Alphonso of Toro to whom the gouernement of Seuile was giuen for matters of iustice and the more to countenance him the king stayed there many daies This king gaue many other testimonies of his loue to iustice he gaue audience to all sutors indifferently three dayes in the weeke he heard all the complaints of his subiects and prouided for them he could discerne of men of iudgement which were fit for councell and the gouernment of the commonwealth The most esteemed and of greatest authoritie about him were Don Pedro Tenorio Arch-bishop of Toledo Friar Iohn Henriques and Friar Fernando of Illesca with the Cardinall D. Pedro of Frias Bishop of Osma and these for the Clergie Elâ—etion of 〈◊〉 men to 〈◊〉 great aff â—â—res of Knights he made great esteeme of Don Laurence Suarez of Figueroa Master of Saint Iames Gonçales Nugnes of Guzman Master of Calatraua Diego Hurtado of Mendoça high Admirall of Castile Ruy Lopes of Aualos his Lord Chamberlaine and afterwards Constable Diego Lopes of Estuniga chiefe Iutice Peter Lopes of Ayala a knight of great learning who came to be Lord Chancelour Iohn Velasco a Chamberlaine and other knights of his Councell which consisted of sixteene graue personages Among others that were very deare vnto him there was a Doctor a Iew by sect borne at Burgos who afterwards imbraced the Christian Religion called Don Pablo who for his learning and good life Doctor Pablo a Iew learned and of a good life was in time chosen Bishop of Carthagena and in the end obtained the Bishopricke of Burgos He had many times oppugned the Christian Religion as a Iew Rabin and Master in the Iewish Law but hauing receiued in gift of a Christian Doctor the booke of Saint Thomas Aquinas intituled de Legibus he read it diligently and was so mooued with the reasons thereof as he left his Iewish religion the which is not strange say the Diuines of Spaine for he that knowes not Saint Thomas knoweth not any thing and he that knoweth him knowes all things This Prelate who was a great Preacher a great Philosopher wise and iudicious in matters of State and of the kings Councell wrate many bookes whereof some are yet extant Beeing a Iew he was married Doctor Pablos children all learned and had three soones all learned men whereof the one was Deane of Segobia and succeeded his father in the Bishoppricke of Burgos he was called Don Alphonso of Carthagena from whome we haue the genealogie of the kings of Castile written in Latine Don Gonçalo another sonne of D. Pablos was Bishop of Palença a Prelat of great learning and the third was Aluar Garcia of S. Maria a learned man also D. Pablo their father beeing of the King Don Henries Councell notwithstanding that he had bin a Iew did aduise him and his successors Counsel of a Iew against Iewes not to receiue into their seruice either of his housholds Councell or to any Offices of the Realm any Iew although he were conuerted and that for some speciall causes The King Don Henry being endowed with these good qualities beyond the Ordinary of young Princes had also some blemishes like other mortall men for hee was noted to be sparing and desirous to heape vp treasure and yet they say that it was without the oppression of his subiects the which is hard in a Prince yet hee gaue many prouisions and pensions to them that were neere to him in bloud or allyed to him by affinitie as to the Queene D. Beatrix his mother-in-law whome he maintained in the estate of a Queene and to Don Fernand his brother who shewed himselfe alwaies obedient to his will His countries beeing in peace he gaue himselfe to repaire and fortifie the fronter places and did build a new the castle of Carthagena As for religious buildings the church and conuent of the Carthusians at Burgos called Mirefleurs are his worke he was a great fauorer of the Franciscans to whome Queene Katherine his wife had a particular deuotion who was a Ladie of great pietie according to the instruction of that time bountifull maiesticall wife and discreet in her words yet superfluous in her manner of liuing and louing wine whereby in her latter dayes she fell into a palsey The Kings infirmities which began at the age of seuenteene yeares did in time so vndermine him being incurable as he became drie and leane so as the proportion of his body was changed and he seemed another man then formerly he had beene moreouer he was so sad and melancholicke as most commonly he was alone and would not admit of any company Yet he was alwaies carefull of the gouernement of the Realme He alwaies entertayned Ambassadours in Princes Courts as well Christians as Mahumetists by whom he was aduertised what was done in forraine countries their manners and manner of gouernements a thing most profitable for him that sends them Ambassadors discourer the councels and actions of Princes but not for them that receiue them for by Ambassadors which are resident the Councels and actions of Princes are discouered to the great preiudice of their estates Two of his Ambassadors sent into the East the which wee Pelayo of Soto maior and Fernando Pelasuel fell into the hands of Tamberlaine Emperor of the Tartarians after the defeate of Baiazet who intreated then graciously and sent them backe into Spaine with an Ambassador of his to demand friendship of king Henry During his raigne in the yeare 1397 the order to the Knights of the Calatraua in steed of a blacke hood which they had worne vntill that time Red crosse the marke of the Order of Calatraua tooke for their marke a red square crosse which they carry at this day the which was done by the Bull of Pope Benedict of Auignon at the instance of Don Gonçal Nugnes of Guzman maister of the Calatraua The realme of Castille being at peace with all men it was ingaged in new troubles by Don Iohn King of Portugall for that the Articles of the truce concluded
qualities the Deputies of the Realme and the Cleargie were least spared there were also many Ladies Gentlewomen and other women prisoners and Lieutenants of Soueraigne Iustice as Michel Claueria and Micer Spinosa whom they forced to renownce their Offices substituting others whom the King before for their offences had declared incapable to the blemish of his authoritie their election beeing against all right and law They did also confiscate contrary to the lawes of Arragon not onely the goods of the husbands but also of the wiues of such as were absent And aboue all the Soueraigne Iudge of Arragon was taken and within twenty houres lost his head without any other sentence but of a little scrowle written with the Kings hand in these termes Hauing read this you shall presently apprehend Don Ihon de la Nuca chiefe Iustice of Arragon and let mee haue newes of his death as soone as of his Imprisonment The which was done notwithstanding his appellations and Protestations without the priuitie of any man vntill hee came vnto the Scaffold to bee executed whereas many had gone before him and many followed after Thus the Realme of Arragon thinking to preserue their priuiledges and liberties lost them with the chiefe of the Nobility and a great number of men of good quality This yeare 1592. the King of Spaine hauing put many to death at Saragoça for that they had taken armes for the defence of their liberties and burnt Antonio Perez Image The Estates of the Country hauing assembled at Tarracone and giuen satisfaction vnto the King hee was content to send a generall pardon into the Prouince Wherevpon all Vargas Souldiers were drawne out of Saragoça except some fewe that were left to garde the Inquisition The Turke beeing in Armes and threatning especially the house of Austria the Catholicke King grew iealious that by this diuersion hee might bee much troubled in his warres of Flanders where as the vnted Estates were very strong beeing assisted from other Princes hee therefore sent Charles Cigala to Constantinople vnder coulour to visit his brother but it was generally thought that his going was to saue his country from inuasion but Cigala could not obtaine what hee desired for that the Turkes landing diuerse times carryed away many thousands of Christians and committed great spoyles vpon the coasts of Calabria and Apulia comming neere vnto Naples as also in Sicile Newes beeing come into Spaine Cont Fuentes sent into the Low countries that the Duke of Parma was returned very sicke from the Spawe and that the Physitions despaired of his life the Cont of Fuentes was presently sent into the Lowe Countries with Commission to command the armie after his death the which some imputed to the Spaniards whither he went in post but the Duke of Parma dyed before his arriuall in Arras and was much lamented This yeare there beeing a Commission granted by the Queene of England to Sir Walter Raleigh for an expelition to the west Indies he armed fourteene or fifteene good ships of warre whereof two were the Queenes and beeing accompanied by a troope of resolute Gentlemen hee began to bee ready to goe from the West Countries but hee was so long stayed there by contrary windes as the fittest season for Sayling was past his peoples mindes began to alter and his victuals consumed Wherevpon the Queene called home Sir Walter Raleigh in Maye commanding him to giue ouer his intended voyage and to leaue his charge to Sir Iohn Bourrough and Sir Martin Frobisher but hee finding his honor ingaged would not leaue the fleete beeing now vnder saile but beeing taken with a strange tempest on the 11. of May and in danger to be swallowed vp in the sea he resolued to returne and to leaue the charge to the aboue-named giuing them directions to diuide their fleet in two one to lye vpon the South Cape of Spaine and the other to attend at the Ilands which made the Admirall of Spaine to stay vpon that coast and to neglect the wafting of the Caracks Sir Iohn Bourrough sayling towards the Açores Carrake called Santa Cruz set on fire hee discouered a Carack called Santa Cruz comming from the East Indies which getting neere the land the Portugalls carried what goods they could out of her and set fire of the ship There they vnderstood by certaine prisoners of three other Carracks that were comming from the Indies which Sir Iohn with his consorts resolued to attend After sixe weekes patience they discouered a huge Caracke called Madre de Dios Carack called Mombre de Dios taken by the English one of the greatest belonging to the Crowne of Portugall which after a long and furious fight was in the end borded by the English they found the hatches strewed with dead carcases and with wounded men languishing Don Fernando de Mendoça was commander of this Caracke whom Sir Iohn Bourrough of an honorable disposition and pittying his estate sent away freely with most of his followers to his Country This Caracke was esteemed to be of a thousand sixe hundred tuns and did carry nine hundred tuns in bulke of Marchandize there were in her sixe or seauen hundred persons her chiefe commodities besides Iewels were Spices Drugs silks China silkes Callicoes with Pearle Muske Cyuet and Amber gris with diuerse other commodities the which at resonable rates was valued at an hundreth and fifty thousand pounds starling The losse of these two Caracks brought D. Alphonso de Baçan General with the Spanish fleet in disgrace with the King who imputed it to his negligence In the yeare 1593. the King of Spaine sent the Duke of Feria into France 1593. to offer all his forces to fauour the League Duke of Feria sent to the league in France and the election of a new King beeing assembled together at Paris to that end where it beeing propounded who should bee ealled to the Crowne the Duke of Feria did insist for the eldest daughter of Spaine who he sayd had most right the realme falling to the Masculine line of Capet the which hee maintained for many defects might not pretend so as the Infanta comming of the sister who was elder then Henry the third shee should also bee preferred to the Crowne and the rather for that shee should bee marryed to some Prince in France so as it should not passe to a stranger but this Prince should be chosen by the King of Spaine This proposition was distastfull to most of the assembly who sayd that it was against their Salike law King Philip hauing conquered Portugall which hee pretended to bee due vnto him in the right of his mother and expelled Don Anthonio who was held base hee gaue the gouernment thereof to Cardinall Albertus of Austria yonger sonne to the Emperour Maximilian the second a Prince endowed with many great vertues and therefore very acceptable to the Protugalls In which gouernment hee did so carry himselfe as hee gaue great satisfaction both to the King and his
who was bishop of Zamora and besides a Limosin called Bourdin who was Arch-deacon of Toledo and afterwards Bishop of Coimbra and successiuely Arch-bishop of Braga but this Bourdin became a Iudas to the church of Rome and would haue made himselfe Pope against Calixtus the second which caused a great scisme All this seed the Archbishop of Toledo brought out of France into Spaine at his returne from Rome furnished Spaine with these Prelats in recompence of the vow which he did not performe to goe to the holy war and moreouer he re-built churches and other apparent places in the towne of Tarragone with the money which was prepared for his voiage and there established Berenger Archbishop hauing beene Bishop of Viâ—d Ausone leauing the temporalty of that towne to Raymond Arnould Earle of Barcelone This Prince was left young at the death of his father Barcelone who had beene cruelly murthered by his owne brother desirous to rule alone in Cattelogne He was much troubled with diuisions and factions betwixt the Noblemen of the country and was spoiled of Carcassone and other Lands which he had in France by tirants as it happens often during the minority of the Prince or Lord. His mother the Contesse Almodia a widow gaue ouerâ—al gouernment and professed herselfe a Nunne in the conuent of Saint Daniel of Girone so as hee remained in the hands of Armingol Earle of Vâ—gel the Earle of Cerdagne and some other of his bloud who beeing imploied against the Moores got for themfelues and did not much attend the good of their pupil yet did he grow both in vertue and valour Cont Armingol died in the yeere of our Lord 1092. and D. Guillen Iordain of Cerdagne went to the warre of Syria with Godefrey of Bouillon where beeing dead and soone after his brother D. Bernard Guillen his successor leauing no heires of their bodie the Earle D. Raymond Arnould as neerest allied did inherit the Earledâ—me God the Trotector of pupils whom God did so fauour as the Barnard of Aton who had vsurped Caâ—cassone was growne so hatefull to them of the country as they chased him away and deliuered the towne to D. Raymond Arnould their naturall Lord. So he not onely recouered that which they had taken from him but also augmented his Estates and Siegneuries with the towne of Tarragone and the county of Cordagne We haue sayd before that he was in a certaine incounter against Cid Ruis Diaz during the warres betwixt Valencia and Denia and that hee was repulsed and vanquished by hiâ— but became afterwards good friends after that Cid had taken Valencia about the yeere of our Lord 1096. To returne to which conquest Castille we will say that Cid did presently send to King D. Alphonso his Lord a hundred goodly horses richly furnished with other great presents who being in Palenza receiued them with great contentment He sent other presents to D. Ximena his wife whom with his two daughters D. Eluira and D. Sol he caused to come to Valencia with the leaue of King D. Alphonso The Almorauides of Affrike staied not long before they past the seas to defend their new conquest in Spaine and came into the country of Valencia with a great power but they were repulsed by Cid with great losse and dishonour of the spoiles of which victories Cid sent two hundred horses vnto his King richly furnished and at euery saddle did hang a sword of great value The King D. Alphonso was at that time at Vailledolit in Castille who receiued this present gratiously Marriage of the daughters of Cid Ruis Diae There beganne the treaty of marriage for the daughters of Cid with D. Diego and D. Fernand Gonçales sonnes to D. Gonçala Lord of Cartion for the effecting whereof the King Cid and the parties came to Requegna whether the King brought the two young Noblemen to whom Cid promised his daughters and afterwards the marriages were celebrated at Valencia with great pompe But in the end of this feast there happened an accident which did much trouble these two houses so inconstant and short are humaine pleasures and the councels and iudgements of God inscrutable There was a Lyon bred vp in Cids house the which by the negligence of the Gouernor or otherwise getting loose came into the hall where there was a great assembly of Noblemen and Ladies with the married coples and strooke a great terror among them where as aboue all others the two Gonçales newly married shewed themselues faint hearted cowards whereat they were ashamed seeing themselues lesse esteemed both by their father in law and by the other knights there present Cowardlinesse of Cids sonnes in law From that time they conceiued a mortal hatred against Cid thinking that this Lyon had â—eene let loose by his commandment to try them and feare them so as they resolued to be reuenged vpon the first occasion This was no vaine argument of their basenesse seeing a Lyon vpon the sodaine although that an vnexpected accident might amaze the most hardy being an ordinary thing in nature to be moued at sodaine things for soone after they gaue a more ample testimony of their want of courage in a battaile against the Moores who were come against Valencia where they carried themselues basely yet by the wisdome and valour of Cid these Infidels were vanquished After al this these two base Knights would carry their wiues home to their houses but hauing their hearts full of poison and fearing they should not be able to hurt their father in law they reuenged themselues in humainly vpon their innocent wiues and intreated them so il before they came to Carrion as they left them for dead vpon the way at a place called Robledos de Corpes neere to Berlanga where these poore Ladies beeing cherished by the good people of the country they had meanes to aduertise Cid their father of their misery The messenger whom they sent was incountred by Cids men going to the King D. Alphonso with foure score horses and other rich presents of the spoiles of the last victory obtained against the Moores Complaint was made by them vnto the King of this villanous act committed by the sonnes of the Lord of Carrion against their wiues wherevpon the King assembled the Noblemen and Knights of the country of Toledo and kept a court whereas Cid appeered hauing retired his daughters to Valencia and Iudges were appointed to doe right vnto the parties Reparation of â—imes by combate vpon so great a controuersie among the which D. Raymond of Bourgongne the Kings sonne in law was one Their sentence was that their question should bee decided by armes betwixt Knights chosen of either part such was the Iustice in those daies among Nobles a custome which is not lost amongst Christians at this day The campe where they should fight was chosen in the towne of Carrion whereas there appered Pedro Bermudes Martin Antolines and Nugno Gustos Knights for Cid who
Daroca by the king D. Alphonso Sarrâ—gessa taken and the Earle of Prouence who according vnto Surites the Writer of the Historie of Arragon was there with sixe hundred horse contrarie to that which the Spaniards say so as the Moores despayring of all succours beganne to parle and to treate of conditions to yeeld Some notwithstauding to do more honor to the Clergie of those times say that D. William Gaston Bishop of Pampelone generall of the souldiers of Nauarre behaued himselfe so in his quarter as hauing made a great and spacious breach he entred the towne by force the Moores making wonderfull resistance with their king Almocauen who was slaine among the ruines This great cittie was taken in December in the aforesayd yeare 1118. where the king D. Alphonso entring Episcopal seate restored to Sarragossa he lodged in the pallace of the kings of the Moores called Açuda nere vnto the Port of Toledo beginning to settle the estate thereof to make it the Capitall cittie of all the Realmes which he enioyed or that he might conquer hereafter intituling himselfe king of Sarragossa His chiefe care was to settle the Clergie and to inrich that Order which had serued him much in the seege of the towne wherefore the Mosque Maior was then consecrated for a cathedrall Church vnder the name of S. Sauueur and one Pedro de Libana was chosen Bishop confirmed by Pope Gelasius then raigning They found many Christians Musarabes in Sarragossa who had liued there among the Arabians with great liberty of their Religion the which they did exercise in a very ancient church called Nostre Dame del Pilar we reade in the Histories of Arragon and in the writings of Ierom Surita that the Lords of Bearne and the earls of Perche did long enioy very great priuiledges in the cittie of Sarragossa by the grant of D. Alphonso This king and Emperour of Spaine granted great liberties and priuiledges to this cittie to prouoke strangers to come and dwell there namely the priuiledge of gentrie and the lawes and Iustice of Arragon and in time of factions and seditions to chuse for their Councell certaine Syndics Protectors of the people As for the dignitie called Iustice of Arragon Diguitie of chiefe Iustice in Arragon which was vsed in the time of D. Pelro Ximenes it is a Magistrate the gardien and protector of the publike libertie against the violence of great men yea to suppresse the excesse and tyrannyes of Kings with soueraigne iurisdiction instrituted in the infancie and beginning of principalities and Christian Estates in Spaine after the inuasion of the Moores when as the kings not by succession of bloud and birth but by their valour and vertues were chosen to be ready and faithfull Gouernors of the affaires as well ofwarre as of Iustice according vnto certaine simple lawes and as then militarie propounded vnder the title of the court or law of Sobrarbre This Magistrate was first called Iustice maior entertained and augmented both in dignitie and authoritie from time to time by good kings There were great gifts and fees giuen also by this great king vnto the Earle of Bigorre in recompence of the good offices he had done him in this warre These things thus done hee went and layed feege before Tarrassone Tarrassone taken from the Moores the which made no great resistance seeing that the neighbour places were come into the power of the Christians Beeing yelded it receiued the ancient Episcopall seate and one D. Michel was chosen Bishop This towne which in former times had belonged to the Crowne of Nauarre by this last conquest was annexed to that of Arragon D. Alphonso continuing his conquests tooke the places and forts which were along the riuer of Xalon and in the end tooke the towne of Calatajub into the which he put a great garrison as a place which frontred vpon the Moores on the mountaines of Cuenca Molina Valencia and Castile he cleansed that which remained of the Moorish faction vpon the riuer of Xiloca vnto Daroca he repayred and peopled Montreal whereas this deuout king instituted an Order of Knights in imitation of the Templers of Ierusalem which was called S. Saluator affigning them rents and reuenues to the end they should employ themselues couragiously to roote out the Infidels in Spaine Order of knights at S. Sauuiour as he had propounded King D. Alphonso did these great exploites vnto the yeare 1120 at which time the Moores were dispossessed of all which doth now belong to Arragon But in Cattelogne there yet remained the king of Lerlda and Fraga called Aben Gama Cattâ—logee or Barcelone whose forces were not to be contemned and the which were as a thorne in the foot of the Estates of Arragon but more to Raymond Arnould Earle of Barcelone who was a good and a valiant Knight and who had receiued no small blessings from God hauing by vnexpected meanes recouered the lands which were vsurped from him during his minoritie and augmented his Estates by new successions of the Earledome of Cerdagne of the towne of Tarragone and euen newly of the County of Besalu by the decease of D. Bernand Guillen by reason of which prosperities he intitled himselfe Marquis of Spaineu Earle of Cerdagne Besal and afterwards of Prouence and Aâ—millan by the death of Gilbert his father-in law who had no other heire then D. Doulce wife to D. Raymond It is likely that by this meanes he got the Countie of Prouence whereof as a fee of the Empire he was inuested by the Emperour Henry the 5. as we haue sayd As for those lands which he held in Languedoc as Carcassone and others some Authors write that the vicious Bernard of Aton hauing vsurped them vnder a counterfeit promise to hold them of him and to do him homage hee afterwards made this acknowledgement to William Earle of Poictiers vsurper of the Contie of Tholousa but D. Raymond forced him by armes to submit himselfe vnto him In Portugall Cont Henry had defeuded his country against the Moores wisely and valiantly Portugall and had gouerned with all iustice and honor vnder the soueraigntie of the King D. Alphonso Henrques 2. Earle of Portugal or Emperour Don Alphonso vntill the yeare 1112. that he died in Galicia in the towne of Astorga and was interred at Braga in S. Maries church leauing for heire D. Alphonso Henriques his eldest sonne about eighteene yeares old D. Theresa the Countesse widow to whom the Earledome of Portugall did belong in proprietie shewing her indiscretion married soone after to a knight of a noble house called Don Bermond Paez de Transtamara with whom hauing liued some time by a disordered appetite The desestable marriage of the Countesse of Portugall or some other damnable occasion she left him and married againe with a brother of his called D. Fernando Paez of Transtamara D. Bermond beeing thus forsaken and as it were striuing with his wife who should be most incestuous hee
donation of both realmes Vniust accord betwixt the Kings of Nauarre and Arragon very profitable for the King of Arragon and his sonne D. Alphonso which was that the suruiuor should inherit both Kingdomes of Nauarre and Arragon The King D. Iaime liked well heereof for hee was in the floure of his age and his sonne also likely to liue whereas the King D. Sancho was aboue threescore and eight yeeres old and moreouer hee was so fat and full of humors and so tormented with a canker as hee expected hourely to leaue this world This Accord beeing made betwixt them they concluded that the troupes of both Realmes should bee ready against the next yeere and should meet at the Rendezuous in May. The King D. Sancho desired nothing more then to recouer the Prouince of Guipuscoa imagining that since the separation thereof Theâ—â—a a chiefâ— commodity to a country the realme of Nauarre had lost one of the chiefe commodities which a country may haue that lies vpon the sea The Noblemen and chiefe of the King D. Sanchos councell at this accord were D. Garcia Almoraâ—id D. Sancho Fernandes of Montague D. William Baudouin and D. William Iustice of Tudele which is a principall dignitie These and other Noblemen with the Deputies of the Townes of Nauarre signed the conuention and accord betwixt these two kings the which the Noblemen of Arragon which held the chiefe charges did in like manner among the which are named D. Pedro Fernandes d' Açagra Lord of Albarazin Athon de Foces L. Steward William de Moncade Roderigo Lizâ—nes Artal de Lune Simon Vrrea Blasco Maza Pedro Peres Iustice Maior of Arragon and Pedro Sanches Secretarie of State in Arragon For the defraying of this warre D. Sancho was forced to imploy his treasure which was very great for hauing liued long in this solitarie life hee might easily gather together hauing no cause of expence He therefore deliuered to the king of Arragon an hundred thousand solz of gold that is to say Crownes or Ducats in loane and aduance and had in pawne Herreta Pegnaretonda Ferrelon and Faxine and as he was wise and very iudicious in matters of war he disposed what should be done in the beginning but the loue of his treasure spoiled all besides at such time as the army was to march against Castile newes came vnto the king of Arragon that the Iland of Maiorca had rebelled wherefore beeing more carefull to keepe his owne then to take from another he made vse of those souldiers which hee had leauied for the warre of Castile and led them into Majorca so as the king of Nauarre found himself too weake to attempt any thing against Castile whereas the Earle D. Lope d' Haro was in armes to fight with him at the passage He was of opinion that the King D. Iames had mocked him so as falling into a great rage he wold breake the accord which they had made King Iames was aduertized of all that he sayd and did by some Knights of Nauarre which were false vnto their Prince and discontented with this strange and disdainfull manner of liuing of the which D. Pedro Ximenes of Valtierra was one The warre of Majorca beeing soone ended the king Don Iames returned to Tudele to excuse himselfe and to offer satisfaction hereafter yea to furnish 2000. horse with other forces for the warre of Castile but the King Don Sancho would by no meanes enter into conference with him Moreouer Don Garcia Almorauid and Don Iohn Peres de Barzan captaines of the armie which was vppon the frontiers of Castile beeing in sight of the enemie were reduced to thâ—t extremitie by Don Lope Diaz de Haro Spies in the Kings Councell as they feared euery day they should be forced to fight he neglected both them and all they did and they write that a Gentleman beeing sent from them to acquaint the king with the estate of their affaires and to demand two hundred horse of Supply with the which they should be able to giue battell vnto the Castillans he attended foure dayes and could neither haue entry nor audience Strange behâ—uior of Don Sancho the Grosse in his age This strange and disdainfull behaniour caused the king Don Iames to returne into Arragon much discontented whereupon the Castillans spoyled Nauarre the which he might easily haue preuented whereuppon he grew wayward and insupportable euen to his houshold seruants who could not please him This waywardnesse and distemperature together with the burthen of a repleate and ill-disposed bodie his long incurable disease 1234. together with his many yeares brought him to his graue in the yeare 1234. hauing raigned nine and thirty yeares nine moneths and ten dayes He was buried in the royall Monasterie of the Chanoins of Saint Mary of Ronceuaux the which hee himselfe had caused to be built D. Thibault first of that name the 22. King of Nauarre 1â— THe Nauarrois sent into France to Thibault Earle of Champagne the sonne of D. Blanche sister to the deceased king to aduertise him of this succession and to aduise him to make hast before that Don Iames King of Arragon should seaze thereon in vertue of the pretended rights by reason of the mutuall donation past betwixt the two kings at Tudele and also by meanes of the intelligences which he had within the Countrey wherein the Earle was nothing slouthfull for hauing many partizans in Nauarre who had aduertised him of all that had past betwixt the two kings and in the end of the death of his vncle The Ambassadors found him alreadie in order and readie to march towards Nauarre where he arriued happily for the well effecting of his desfeigne by reason of some lets which restrained the King Don Iames the which were more fitting for him to care for then to pursue the donation made vnto him in preiudice of the right heire of that Crowne without any reason or proportion by a king troubled with violent passions both of body and mind But it is very certaine that the king of Arragon did little respect it yea some haue written that without any difficulty he discharged the Nauarrois they requiring it of the oath fealty and homage which they had sworne when as the contract betwixt him and the deceased king D. Sancho was past at Tudele others say that afterwards he gaue all his pretensions and right to D. Pedro his sonne Thibault Earle of Champaine obtaines the Realme of Nauarre to pursue it when oportunitie did serue as a matter whereof there was but small hope Thus D. Thibault Earl of Champagne was receiued proclaimed and crowned King of Nauarre to the great ioy and content of all good Nauarrois The king of Arragon was then by the aduice of all his faithfull Councellers Arragon entred into the conquest of the Realme of Valencia hauing a fit oportunity offered by reason of the diuisions which were in the kingdome betwixt the factions of Zeit Aben Zeit and
and arriuing at Cordoua hee found that D. Aluaro Perez de Castro and other Captaines and souldiers in great numbers were already come to succour his men King Aben Hut beeing aduertised of all these things and of D. Fernands arriuall with small forces although there came great troupes afterwards thought it fit to preuent him if he could or at the least to strike some terror into the Christians and force them to retire from this seege He had in his armie which lay about Eccia a Christian Knight D. Laurence Suarez betrays king Aben Hut who had entertained him in his exile a banished man called D. Laurens Suares Hauing imparted his desseigne vnto him he resolued to send him one night vnto the campe vnder colour of seeking to recouer the kings fauour but it was to espie and to discouer vnto him the true estate of the Christians armie This Knight hauing obtained a pasport came vnto the campe and spake vnto the king doing the contrarie to that which he had in charge for he discouered vnto the King D. Fernand all the Moores desseignes and what forces hee had wherefore beeing assured from the king of his grace and fauour he retired to Aben Hut to whom he concealed what he had seene and vnderstood telling him that the Christians army was much stronger then it was indeed Wherefore king Aben Hut durst not attempt that which he had resolued and thinking that they of Cordoua wold hold good for a time he resolued to employ his forces to succour king Zaen who was prest by the king of Arragon towards Valencia thinking after that he had repulsed the Arragonois to returne fortified with Zaens forces and cause the Christians to retire from before Cordoua Beeing arriued at Almery to imbarke his army a vassall of his whom hee did much esteeme called Aben Arramin inuited him to supper where he so feasted him as beeing drunke he cast him into a great vessell full of water and there drowned him wherupon the army disbanded and D. Laurence Suarez whom king Aben Hut had ledde with him retired to the king of Castile who receiued him graciously notwithstanding that he had betrayed him who had entertayned him during his exile This death of this Moorish king Cordoua yelded 1236. beeing generally knowne especially at Cordoua the beseeged despayred of succors so as they yeelded the cittie vnto the king of Castile the sixt moneth of the seege in the yeare 1236 which was 522. yeares after that it had beene first taken by the Moores The king Don Fernand caused a crosse to be set vppon the tower of the great Mesquide in token of our redemption and neere vnto it the standard of Castile which Mesquide was purified beeing one of the goodliest buildings in Spaine and made the Cathedrall Church D Lope de Hitero first Bishop of Cordoua of the which Don Lope de Hitero of Piçuerga was made bishop The king did indow it with rents and reuenues like the rest and so did the Arch-bishop Don Roderigo in his returne from Rome where he had beene during the seege and was not at the taking thereof of his great griefe but affaires of greater Importance had kept him absent in the meane time Don Iohn Bishop of Osma was his Vice-gerent and Chancelor to the King There the bells of Saint Iames were found which the Alhagib Almançor had taken away in the yeare 975. and placed them in this great Mosqueé making them to serue for lampes which the king Don Fernand caused to be transported to their auncient mansion The affaires of this great cittie which had beene the chiefe of the Moores estate were ordered by the king both for religion 〈◊〉 Iustice and for the guard and safety therof with great care Don Tello Alphonso de Mâ—neses was made Gouernor of the citty and Don Aluar Perez de Castro of the whole fronter The kingdome of Granado BY the losse of Cordoua and the death of king Aben Hut the Moores were wonderfully dismayed and voyd of Councell wherefore they returned to their old course euery one respecting his priuate interest so as the Infidels estate was dismembred into many parts Aben Hudiel among others seazed vpon the Realme of Murcia Zeit and Zaen being yet in warre and contending for the realme of Valencia In the country of Algarbe whereof Niebla was the chiefe citty Aben Iafon raigned who had for his successor Aben Amarin and then another called Aben Mofad Those of Seuile would haue no king but onely a Gouernor Beginning of Granado where one Axataf was in great authoritie and it was he which lost it But aboue all the power of Mahomad Alienalagmar or Aben Alamar was great so called for that he had a red face who from a shepheard hauing followed armes had attained to the chiefe places of honour and was in such credit by reason of his valour force and stature as in these tumults the Inhabitants of Arjona where he was borne chose him for their king and then other people submitted themselues vnder him especially the townes of Iaen Bacça which was ill garded and Guadix and in the end the citty of Granado which he afterwards made his royall seate and the chiefe of all his country and Seigneuries This was the first king of Granado whereas vntill that time there was no kingdome it was erected at such time as Cordoua the chiefe cittie of all the Moores Estate in Spain was made subiect vnto the Christians 25 Whilest that the king Don Fernand is busie at this honorable enterprize of Cordoua and D. Iaime or Iames king of Arragon at that of Valencia which was nothing inferior â—auarre Thibaud the new king of Nauarre had meanes of settle his affaires without any difficultie for he found all the Estates of the Kingdome willing to obey him At his reception he did sweare and confirme the liberties and priuiledges of the country the which he did also augment This was the beginning of the second masculine line of the Kings of Nauarre 〈…〉 the first ending in D. Sancho the which since D. Garcia Ximenes had continued 518. yeares Successions of States and Soueraignties falling to women against all lawe and presidents of well ordered kingdomes in the first ages is the cause that strange and vnknowne Princes of diuers humors come to raigne ouer Nations which sometimes haue succeeded well but very often great troubles and inconueniences haue followed At this time the Nauarrois were not vnfortunate to haue a king of the French nation who was a meanes to augment the power and dignitie of that Crowne by many accessories from France his mother D. Blanche daughter to the king D. Sancho the Wise and sister to the last Sancho was the first which brought the succession of women into Nauarre although she did not raigne beeing dead before the king Don Sancho the Strong her brother D. Pedro Ramires of Pedrola Bishop of Pampelone among others did faithfully maintaine the rights of this
against the Infidels King Philip their master would ayde him with all his forces and withall protesting that if it were to preiudice Charles king of Naples he would take it ill to whom he made no other answer but that he had meanes sufficient to end the warre which hee had vndertaken without employing any others To Arnaud Roger Earle of Palliars who demanded of him in the name of the whole Nobilitie whether he meant to leade them he made a sharpe answer that if his left hand presumed to inquire too curiously of that which the right intended to do he would cut it off So the army parted from Tortosa beeing sollicited by Nicholas Copula and Raymond Portella In the meane time the French were slaine thorough out all the townes of Sicily Sicilian euensoag with such rage and hatred against the nation as whereas they knew any women to be gotten with child by the French they opened their wombes and slue both mothers and children for that they would not leaue any of their seed in the countrie Onely one French-man called William Porcelot Gouernor of Galataphimia was let go vntouched for the good opinion they had of his modestie and temperance And then D. Pedro arriuing at Palermo he caused himselfe to be crowned King in the yeare 1281. King Charles being desirous to be reuenged of this iniurie he led an army against Messina but he was repulsed into Calabria without any effect The king of Arragon left Queene Constance his wife in Sicily with three children D. Iames who was king of Sicily D. Frederick and D. Tolant establishing a Councell of Estate whereof the chiefe were Willyam Galseran a Cattelan Alain Leontine holding the place of chiefe Iustice of Sicily and chiefe author of their rebellion against the French Iohn Prochida and Roger de Loria his Admiral to whom hee appointed an army of 25. gallies but he wold haue in either of their two Captains one a Cattelan the other an Italian the marriners should be part Cattelans and part Italians but the rowers should be all Italians Hauing thus setled the affaires of this Realme hee returned into Spaine where he had many matters to attend for besides open force there past many scandalous books betwixt Charles King of Naples and D. Pedro king of Arragon so as not able to decide their quarrels neither by law nor armes they challenged one another with a certaine number of Knights of either part and this combate was allowed by the Pope an vnworthy thing for a Christian Prelate The place beeing appointed at Bourdeux in the king of Englands country a neuter-Prince in this cause King Charles came at the day appointed but he found not his aduersarie Wherefore hauing attended most part of the day in the place appointed for the combat and seeing no man appeare he returned The King of Arragon who had onely an intent to circumuent his enemy by the expectation of a combate and in the meane time diuert him from the war of Sicily had stayed in a safe place from whence he came vnknowne to Bourdeaux with great speed where attending vntill king Charles were parted when he thought he was far enough off he shewed himselfe in the place of battel as if hee had had a great desire to fight complaining that he had fayled where after he had made the protestations requisit in the like case he tooke an act of his presence from Iohn Graille Seneshall of Guien to whom he left his helmet his target his lance and his sword in witnesse of his appearance and that he had kept his faith and promise he returned with the like speed into Spaine and a little before the French and Nauarrois forraged Castile he arriued at Logrogno where he intertained a garrison in fauour of D. Sancho as we haue sayd For these subtilties Pope Martin who had succeeded Nicholas the 3. beeing a French-man borne did excommunicate the king D. Pedro giuing his Realme of Arragon to Charles of Valois second sonne to Philip King of France who with the Popes dispensation married Constance daughter to Charles Prince of Salerne the onley sonne to this Charles King of Naples causing a Croysado to be preached against this king D. Pedro. Whilst that Charles King of Naples was in Gascony the king of Arragons Admirall called Roger de Loria a Calabrois a very expert man in sea-fights came running along the coast of Italy with 45. galleys and many other vessels doing much harme so as this army being discouered at Naples approching so neere the citty as the souldiers might be heard prouoking the garrison by iniuries and casting of darts into the towne Charles Prince of Salerne issued foorth with 36. gallies and some other vessels against his enemies where there was a furious fight but the Admirall of Arragon was victor who tooke and carried away nine galleys with a great number of prisoners of note and amongst the rest Charles who would needes go foorth against the will of the Popes Legat Charles Prince of Salerne defeate and taken by the Arragonois and contrary to the commandement which his father had giuen him at his going into France not to depart out of Naples nor to hazard a battell either by sea or land in any sort whatsoeuer The desire of glorie prouoked it and brought him to this misery which cost many Noblemen their liues for the prisoners beeing brought to Messina he beheld with his eyes the heads of 200. Gentlemen cut off to reuenge the death of Conradin His father beeing returned to Naples found the affaires in a pittifull estate Reuenge of the death of Conradin of Suabe and liued not long after At his death there were two Legats in Sicile to treate of an accord with Queene Constance who was a wise and religious Lady but not able to draw her to any reason they did aggrauate the Excommunication against the King D. Pedro and interdicted the Sicilians the which did so incense them as running in a rage to the prisons where the remainder of the French were that had beene taken by Roger de Loria they sought to enter to murther them but the French made resistance so as these mutiners seeing there was no meanes to effect what they intended they set fire of the prisons and burnt them all After which there was an assembly of all the chiefe Magistrates of the townes of Sicile to resolue what was to be done with Charles Prince of Salerne and nine other Noblemen which were prisoners with him where they concluded that after the example of Conradin and the other Noblemen they must all dye Whereuppon wee may not let passe an act of Queene Constance full of pietie and courage for this Princesse hauing sent on a Friday morning to aduertise Charles to thinke of the saluation of his soule and that he was condemned to die after the same maner that Conradin had done he answered that hee tooke his death the more patiently for that hee should receiue it
those realmes 2 Philip the 3. King of France and his sonne Philip the faire King of Nauar being entred into Cattelogne had taken Perpignan ruined seuen and twenty townes and castles Arragon Perpignan taken by the French laied siege to Girone The victuals for the campe were brought from Narbone to the neerest hauens and ports of Empurias Roses and others and from thence was carried a little space by land with a gard of horsemen Which the King desiring to preuent and withall to take the treasor which he knew was brought to pay the souldiers The siege of Girone he came and laied an ambush of fiue hundred horse and about two thousand foot betwixt the sea and the French campe whereof the King of France being aduertised by his spies sent before by the aduice of the Constable of France three hundred choise men at armes vnder his charge who being come to the ambush and discouered to be few in number were presently inuironed and charged with great cries by the Arragonois who thought to defeat them but the French who were come thether to fight did incounter them in such sort as although they were much inferior in number yet they seemed more then equal in valour and courrage The Arragonols animated by their King who was present and fighting behaued themselues valiantly so as the one yeelding nothing vnto the other the fight continued long without aduantage vntill that the King D. Pedro being grieuously hurt in the face with a Lance retired himselfe out of the fight wherevpon his men beganne to faint Many of his horsemen escaped with him but as for the footmen they were all cut in peeces there were some horsemen slaine vpon the field on either side but most Arragonois The King D. Pedro hauing caused himselfe to be carried to Villa-franca died soone after of his wound He had raigned nine yeeres three monthes and foure daies A generous Prince but ambitious beyond all measure being growne an irreconciliable enemy to the French since the successe of the Island of Sicile the which he left to D. Iaime or Iames his yonger sonne D. Alphonso the third of that name and the tenth King of Arragon 3 DOn Alphonso his eldest succeeded to the realme of Arragon this yeere 1285. Don Pedro being aduertised by his Physitions the chiefe whereof was Arnaud of Villeneufue whose workes we haue but much curtalled by the Inquisitors that he drew neere his end he did sollicite his sonne D. Alphonso to hasten the conquest of Majorca which he had vndertaken D. Iames King oâ— Maiorca dispossest by his Nephew and did much desire wherefore D. Alphonso presently after his fathers death led the army to Majorca and tooke the Island ioyning that of Majorca to the other titles of the Kings of Arragon In this action the chiefe Commanders were D. Blasco of Alagon Sancho of Antillas Pedro Garces Nuez Pedro Seses Blasco Ximenes of Aierbio Symon Perez Andosilla of Arragon and of Cattelogne D. Pedro de Moncade Raymond of Vrgi and Maimon Plaigaman Euen vpon the death of the King D. Pedro there arriued in Cattelogne Charles Prince of Salerne called the halting a prisoner being conducted by Raymond Alleman Symon of Estorio and William Ponce Cattelans who had bound themselues to the Infant D. Iames who was appointed King of Sicile to carry him into Cattelogne or to loose their liues swearing that if any came to rescue him and that they found themselues too weake they would kill him and cast him into the sea You must vnderstand that one of the chiefe conspirators in Sicile against the French called Alain Leontain a councellor of Estate and chiefe Iustice of the realme which is one of the greatest dignities staied not long before he receiued from the Arragonois a worthy reward for his notable treachery Alain Leontin Author of the Sicilian Euensong a double traitor and his end and immoderat appetit of reuenge for being discouered that he sought to reconcile himselfe vnto the French for some discontentment he was sent prisoner to the castle of Siurane from whence he neuer parted being knowne to be a double traitor and God brought him to this end to shew that he detests those that for their priuat passions seeke the ruine of Estates The Constable of France returning to the campe before Girone he was receiued with all possible signes of ioy whereas soone after they had newes of the death of D. Pedro King of Arragon Girone taken by the French whereof hauing aduertised the besieged that they should not continue obstinate Raymond of Cardona who commanded within the towne demanded leaue to send one thether to vnderstand the truth who brought him word that hee had seene the King his maister dead wherevpon he yeelded vp the towne to the French King the souldiars and Inhabitants departing and carrying away what they could except gold and siluer which they were to leaue for the which they were sercht At this siege the plague fell into the campe and the King himselfe grew sick so as this warre ceased and they began to thinke of their returne into France The King had entertained certaine gallies of Pisa and Genoa which hee now sent backe hauing no more vse for them Sayling towards Italy they were met by Roger of Loria Admiral of Sicile who came to Cattelogne with fiue and fortie gallies to succour the King of Arragon his Maister of whose death he was then aduertised This man who was pollitike and loath to loose any oportunity hauing vnderstood from these captaines the Estate of the affaires in Cattelogne and especially of the enemies army he entertained all their fleete and lead them backe towards Ampurias where they found the remainder of the French fleete in the hauen whom they did sodainely set vpon and burne all the souldiers and marriners hauing escaped and ioyned with the rest of the Land-army King Philip who caused himselfe to bee carried in a litter was much grieued at this losse and his sicknesse did so increase Death of Philip the third King of France as he gaue vp the ghost in the towne of Perpignan whether the annie came with great difficulty the Arragonois hauing stopt the passages of the mountaines so as they were forced to make their way by the sword Philip the first of that name the fiue and twentith King of Nauarre 4 PHilip his sonne called the faire Nauarre who succeeded him was both King of France and Nauarre hauing a little before married D. lean the heire of Nauarre Of which marriage were borne three sonnes Lewis Hutin Philip the long and Charles the faire all which three were Kings of France and Nauarre one after an other hauing no children They had also two daughters Ioane who died young who is not in the French Genealogies and Isabel Queene of England mother to Edward the third who contended for the succession of the Realme of France against Philip of Valois At the time 1286. An. 1286.
Christians and therefore shee gaue as well to them within the realme as without She built the monastery of S. Claire the royal of Combra she finished the house of the Innocents at S. Iren the which was begunne by D. Martin Bishop of la Garde and did the like to the Monasterie of Almonster of Nunnes the which was begun by a Lady called D. Berengnela Ayres and after the decease of the King her husband shee gaue herselfe wholy to a religious life and tooke vpon her the habit of S. Claire which she vsed euer after she should her Iewels and conuerted them into Ornaments and vessels to serue churches the which she gaue to many Monasteries Shee went vnkonwne on foot to visit the Sepulcher of S. Iames asking almes and past her dayes in like workes with great zeale she dyed in the towne of Estremos whether she went to mediate a peace betwixt her sonne and the king of Castile her grand-child borne of her daughter Besides these aboue-named workes she had built at Torresnouas a Monasterie of repentants and at Leyra an hospitall of poore bashfull men Her body was carried to Coimbra and layd in the Monasterie of Santa Cruz. The apparitions which the Spaniards write happened vnto her in her life time and at her death with such like things are the impostures of Monkes of those times 36 As for affaires of Castile wee find Castile that after the decease of the Queene D. Maria who by her wisedome preuented many mischiefes the troubles grew greater then euer all Iustice ceased and the most insolent were most in credit King Don Alphonso although he were young was much discontented at these disorders and sought to redresse them but he was not obeyed so as by reason of the violences tyrannies ruine of places murthers and other such wickednesse which then raigned he saw his subiects abandon their houses and retire into Arragon Nauarre Portugall and else-where there to seeke peace and rest the Gouernours were cause of all these miseries vising the people of their Iurisdictions tyrannously beeing in perpetuall discord among themselues Those that were of the priuie Councell aduised him to seaze vppon the places belonging to D. Blanche his Cousin daughter to the deceased Don Pedro the which were in the hands of Garsilaço de la Vega in the name of Donna Maria of Arragon her mother for that sayd they it was not fit the King of Arragon should meddle much in the affaires of Castile nor that he should know all the vlcers of that kingdome the which hee did more then was conuenient by the meanes of these places and vnder colour to procure the good of Donna Blanche his Grand-child watching in the meane time to make his profit with the preiudice of Castile He which was most vehement in thsi Councell was Don Garsilaço himselfe beeing Marin Maior of Castile Don Iohn of Arragon Arch-bishop of Toledo was by that reason suspected to them hauing for his chiefe aduersarie Don Iohn Manuel one of the Kings tutors who had his gouernement in the Country of Toledo and against whose disordinate desires the Arch bishop of Toledo a better seruant to the King then they esteemed him had alwaies opposed himselfe So as they treated secretly with the king to take the royall seales from him for they held it dangerous Sea is taken from the Arch bishop of Toledo that an Arragonois should be Chancelor of the Realme who by reason of that dignity was priuie to all that was treated and resolued in the kings Councell According to this resolution there was an occasion offered The Arch-bishop beeing in the Kings Pallace and beeing demanded of the Affaires of the Bishoppricke touching the Estate and the kings reuenues hee excused himselfe vppon the actions of Don Iohn Manuel his brother-in-law who was there present who answered very peremptorily for himselfe so as there were bitter words betwixt them in the Kings presence For this cause soone after the seales were taken away and giuen to Don Garcylaço de Vega whereat the Arch-bishop Don Iohn beeing much discontented hee neuer ceased vntill hee had exchanged his Arch-bishoppricke of Toledo with that of Tarragone causing Don Iohn de Luna to be aduanced to the Archiepiscopall dignitie of Toledo and Primacie of Spaine by Pope Iohn 37 In the meane time came the yeare 1326. 1326. when as the King tooke vppon him the gouernement of his Realme at a Parlament held at Vailledolit whereas D. Philip or Alphonso Don Iohn Manuel and Don Iohn the Blind were discharged of their administration which they had managed with geat scandall There did the king sweare to obserue the fundamentall Lawes of the Realme and to administer Iustice maintaining euery one in his estate goods and honour To whome also the Deputies of the Estates did sweare fidelitie o th reciprocal betwixt the K. and his subiects and offered the rights and ordinarie seruices due vnto the Crowne This done the King did choose two wise Knights to bee of his Councell of State Don Garcylaço de la Vega aboue-named and Aluar Nugnes Osorio and for his treasure a Iew called Ioseph of Ecchia to whome he gaue the Superintendencie of the Customes Imposts Rents and Reuenues of the Realme In the disposition whereof hee did not gouerne himselfe by the aduice of Don Iohn Manuel nor Don Iohn the Blind nor did much esteeme them whereat beeing iealous and discountented they parted from Vailledolit without taking any leaue of the King and made a league together at Cigales The king was soone aduertised hereof and did in few dayes breake this plot making himselfe sure to Donna Constance Manuel daughter to Don Iohn Manuel at Vailledolit but this marriage tooke to effect and he gaue vnto Don Iohn Manuel to draw him vnto him the gouernement of the fronter Thus was Don Iohn the Blind abandoned so as hee was more incensed then before Thus Prince entertayned such bad desseignes as his end was miserable Hee sought to marrie Donna Blanche daughter to Don Pedro of Castile to the end hee might enjoy the places which shee held vppon the frontier of Arragon and from thence make warre against the King Don Alphonso Hee made a league with the new King of Portugall against him and attempted all meanes to annoy his Prince notwithstanding that the king of Don Alphonso tryed al waies to pacifie him so as he was forced to vse more violent remedies 38 During these home-bred troubles of Castile Moores Ismael king of Granado was slaine by his subiects vppon this occasion Among the prisoners which the Moores had brought from Martos there was a Christian woman exceeding fayre who fell into the hands of the kings Cousin sonne to the Gouernour of Algezire who was called Mahumet This prisoner beeing seene by king Ismael he grew so in loue with her as he demanded her of Mahumet who yeelding more vnto his desires then to the respect hee ought vnto his Prince refused him plainely whereupon
the realme of Portugal and of D. Beatrix of Castille sister to the King D. Fernand the fourth so as she was cousin Germaine to his future Spouse D. Alphonso the fourth of that name the seuenth King of Portugal 8 THis D. Alphonso of Portugall was surnamed the braue Portugal for that he was valiant and generous He was about fiue and thirty yeeres old when hee beganne to raigne and had beene made sure to D. Beatrix beeing but eight yeeres old and was married at the age of sixteene Genealogy of Portugal They had many children whereof Alphonso Dems and Iohn died young then they had D. Pedro who was King after his father Donna Maria of whose marriage with King D. Alphonso of Castille we haue begunne to speake and D. Leonora or Eluira who was wife to D. Pedro the Ceremonious King of Arragon This King D. Alphonso had beene very turbulent in his fathers life time maintayning certaine rebels against him yet beeing come vnto the crowne hee became vertuous and a great fauorer of Iustice making many good lawes and gouerning his realme wisely yet hee had great quarrels with D. Alphonso Sanches his bastard brother to the great oppression of his subiects for Don Alphonso Sanches was a braue knight and could well defend himselfe hauing the fauour of the Castillians and of the King of Arragon who sought many meanes to reconcile them but in vaine The subiect of their quarrels was onely iealousie conceiued in the heart of King D. Alphonso for that King Denis their father had loued this bastard exceedingly But in the end the King was Maister neuer ceasing vntill he had chased him into Castile after which he confiscated his goods and proceeded against him by course of Iustice. 9 During the treaty of marriage betwixt D. Maria of Portugal and D. Alphonso King of Castille Castille D. Iohn Manuel with the helpe of the Arragonois and Granadins beganne to ouerrunne the territories of Castille from Almança vnto Pegnafiel running burning and spoyling all they incountred Then did the King make his well beloued fauorite and councellor D. Aluar Nugnes Osorio Earle of Transtamara Lemos and Sarria Dukes Marquises and Earles and hereditary in Spaine and Lord of Riuiere and Cabrera for in those daies there was no Earledome hereditary in Castille nor Leon and hereof Spaine doth yet retaine those markes of antiquity that the children of Noblemen carrying the titles of Dukes Marquises or Earles which were all personall and temporall dignities dare not take them after the decease of their fathers without a new permission from the King except some which haue that right by preuiledge Hee did this to oppose him to D. Iohn Manuel against whom hee sent D. Garcilaço de la Vega whilest that hee remained at Cordoua and prepared for his future marriage with the Infanta of Portugall Don Garcilaço comming to Soria was ill receiued for the Nobility hauing had a false aduertisment that hee was come thether to carrie many Knights prisoners Murther of Garcilaâ—o de la Vega. they murthered him in Saint Francis Church beeing at Masse with his people These were the fruites of the Infidelity which the King had vsed against Don Iohn the Blinde a Prince of his owne bloud by reason whereof euerie one grewe very iealous both of him and of his priuate seruants This murther did much displease the King and incensed him against Don Iohn Manuel more then before Hee came to Toledo where hauing assembled great forces hee went and beseeged Escalona D. Iohn Manuel on the other side laied siege to Huete but neither of them preuailed The marriage with the Infanta of Portugall was in the end concluded and moreouer D. Blanche daughter to the deceased D. Pedro of Castile the Kings vncle was accorded to the Infant D. Pedro of Portugal Pope Iohn beeing aduertised of the reuolt of Castile gaue charge to Don Pedro of Toledo Bishop of Carthagena newly made Cardinal to mediate a peace in the realme interposing his Apostolike authority but hee labored in vaâ—ne for hee found the King so incensed as hee would not heare of any composition with his subiects giuing the Cardinal probable reasons wherefore hee made his report vnto the Pope and discharge himselfe of his commission During these troubles D. Fernand Rodrigues of Bilbao Prior of Saint Iohn Reuolts in Castille a great friend to Don Iohn Manuel caused the cities of Toro and Zamora to rebell against the King saying that it was by reason hee had aduanced D. Aluaro Nugnes Osorio to the dignity of an Earle the towne of Vailledolit did the like whereas Ioseph of Ecciaâ— Iew Intendant generall of the imposts had like to haue beene slaine Herevpon the King left the seege of Escalona and came to Vailledolit where the inhabitants beeing animated by the Prior of Saint Iohn shut the gates against him yet beeing come to a parle with Don Iohn Martines de Leyua Iohn Veles of Gueuara Fernand Ladron of Rioja and Ruis Diaz his brother The King is forced to dismisse D. Aluaro his Mignon Pero Rodrigues of Villega and Garcilaço de la Vega sonne to him that had beene slaine at Soria these knights and others wrought so as the King dismist the Earle Don Aluar Nugnes and so was receiued into the towne and by the same meanes hee made a composition with Toro and Zamora from thence hee went to Ciudad Roderigo to celebrate his marriage Seeking for to retire out of Don Aluaro's hands the fortes which hee had giuen vnto him in charge hee could not recouer them all and moreouer Don Aluar beeing discontented with this disgrace hee presently went and ioyned with Don Iohn Manuell wherevpon the King was aduised to kill him And seeking a murtherer and a fit occasion hee found a man furnished with the quallities of a disloyall Courtiar this was Raymyr Flores de Guzman who notwithstanding that hee had beene a verie great friend to the Earle offered to dispatch him vpon the great promises which the King made him wherefore fayning to bee in disgrace with him hee went vnto the Earle by whom beeing well entertained lyuing and lying together hee had meanes and oportunity to kill him whilest that the King did celebrate his marriage in Alfayates and did capitulate with D. Alphonso King of Portugal who came in person to Font Grimald The Court beeing come neere to Medina del Campo the King was aduertised of the death of Count Aluar to iustifie the which hee caused his processe to bee made and condemned him himselfe sitting in the seat of Iustice at Tordehumos hee caused his body to be burned and his goods to bee confiscated as a traitor whereof Ramir Flores de Guzman had for his reward and the price of his friends bloud which he had shed the castle of Beluer and the towne of Cabreros These are commonly the fauours of the best beloued Courtiers which abuse the familiarity of their Kings or relie to much thereon King
same rights with them of the Prouince of Alaua wherein should bee obserued the sentence giuen betwixt the towne of Victoria and the villages thereunto belonging 10 Whosoeuer should kill a Gentleman should pay 500. solz for a fyne and whosoeuer should hurt or dishonor a gentleman should pay the like summe vnto the party 11 That there should be no forges of Iron set vp in the territorie of Alaua to the end the mountaines should not be consumed 12 That no man might build a house without the barre 13 That all sales donations answers assignations and pleas shold be iudged where they had beene begun 14 That a Subsidie being demanded of him who should tearme himselfe a Gentleman enioying the rights of Castile he should be exempt 15 That the king should make no new building or towne in Alaua 16 That the villages of Mendoça and Mendeuil should be free from all tributes and Impositions and enioy the ancient rights yet their Seigneurie should belong vnto the Crowne 17 That the Bourg of Gueâ—ara should be free from all tribute as it had bene before ordayned by the assembly of Alaua and likewise of the Oxe of March the Soueraigntie notwithstanding belonging to the king These were the exemptions and chiefe priuiledges granted to the Gentlemen of Alaua in the yeare 1331. An. 1331. In former times all sutes were decided and iudged without any Lawes or Statutes but onely by naturall reason and by Arbitrators but then they were reduced into a frame according vnto certaine Lawes and they had a certaine seate of Iustice appointed During the kings aboad at Victoria he did institute as some affirme the Order of the Knights of the Band Order of the Knights of the band to maintaine souldiers in Spaine the which went to decay yet some hold it was some yeares before But this yeare returning to Burgos hee set downe the Orders whereof the chiefe Articles are these They carried a red band foure fingers broade in manner of a scarfe which came from the left shoulder vnder the right arme the which the king gaue onely to Gentlemen which had followed the Court tenne yeares or beene in the warre against the Mores and by their Orders it was not to be giuen but to younger brothers who had no great shares in their fathers inheritances These Knights beeing receiued tooke an oath to obserue the rules of the Order which follow 1 That the knight of the band should be bound to speake vnto the king for the common good and defence of them of his countrie Articles of the Order beeing required by them 2 That he should speake the truth vnto the King and should be bound to reueale vnto the King what he should knowe or heare spoken against him 3 The Knight conuicted of a lie should not carrie a sword for one whole moneth 4 He should conuerse with souldiers and other men of qualitie and not with men of base conditions 5 They should keepe their promise to all men of what estate and condition soeuer 6 They should be prouided of armes and horses vppon paine to loose the title of Knight-hood 7 The Knight should not be seene mounted vpon a Moile nor without band nor sword 8 He should be no Iester but his discourse should be graue the honest 9 He should not complaine of his wounds nor vaunt of his valour 10 He should not play at cardes nor dice nor ingage his armes nor apparell 11 He should honour and serue Ladies and Gentlewomen 12 If two Knights of the band had a quarrell the rest should bee bound to seeke all meanes to reconcile them 13 The Knight which did vsurpe the band and had not receiued it from the kings hands should be bound to defend it against two knights of the Order of the band and if he did vanquish them he might then carry it without contradiction but if he were vanquished he should be banished from the Court. 14 Any knight winning the prize at the Iusts of armes of the knights of the band should be receiued into their Order 15 That the knight of the band which should draw his sword against another knight of the same Order should forbeare the Court for two moneths and for two moneths after should weare but halfe a band and if he should wound his companion hee should be sixe moneths in prison and banished the Court for sixe moneths more 16 The king should bee sole Iudge of all matters concerning the knights of the Band. 17 All the knights of the Band should bee bound to accompany the king vnto the warre 18 They might not go to the war with the Band but against Infidels and in all other they should lay aside the Band. 19 The knights of the Band should assemble thrice a yeare to treate of the affaires of their Order where the king should appoint it beeing mounted and armed and the sayd assemblies should be in April September and at Christmas 20 They should exercise themselues in Iousts Ioco de-canna tossing the pike and managing of horses at a certaine time appointed 21 No knight should liue in Court without seruing a Ladie or Gentlewoman to haue her in marriage or otherwise with honour 22 The knights of the Band should be bound to be at all tourneys within ten leagues of the Court. 23 If any of them did marrie within twenty leagues of the Court the other knights should be bound to beare him companie and to honour him and his spouse making some exercises of armes and giuing him presents 24 The first Sunday of euery moneth they should come into the great hall of the Pallace and there exercise all sorts of armes before the king without offending one another either maliciously or in choller 25 A knight beeing ready to dye he should be visited comforted and exhorted by his companions and after his death they should be bound to assist at his funerals and should mourne a moneth all Iousts and exercises of armes ceasing 26 His Band that was dead should be restored to the king by the other knights who should be sutors to haue some one of his children receiued into the Order or to obtaine some present for the widow to honour her and entertaine her estate of Nobility or to marry some of her daughters The first knights of this Order yet not all at once were chosen without respect to the elder to honour him and not to draw it into consequence The king Alphonso The Infant D. Pedro. D. Henry D. Fernand. D. Tello D. Iohn Nugnes D. Henriques D. Alphonso Fernand Cornel. D. Lope Diaz d' Almaçan D. Fernand Perez Portocarrero D. Charles of Gueuara D. Fernand Henriques D. Aluar Garcia of Albornez D. Pero Fernandes D. Garcy leoffrey Tenorio D. Iuan Esteuanes D. Diego Garcia of Toledo D. Martin Alphonso of Cardona D. Gonçal Ruis de la Vega. D. Iohn Alphonso of Benauides D. Garcilaço de la Vega. D. Fernand Garcia Duque D. Garcia Fernandes Tello D. Pero Gonçal of Aguero D.
to either partie were spent in disputes without any conclusion The defeat of the confederats army at Epila did so terrefie them of Saragossa as many men of marke went out of the Realme others sent vnto the King of sue for their liues so as that great city whose forces had beene fearefull to the Kings of Arragon was then made subiect with the whole realme for the King hauing calling there an assembly of the Estates such as he pleased hee wrested away the popular lawes and the preuiledges of the vnion Reformation of the Gournors iurisdiction namely those of King D. Alphonso the third and the confirmation which he himselfe had made was disanulled and new Articles made against the seditious many that were culpable were condemned to die and their goods confiscate Thus the rights and preuiledges gotten seditiously by armes were lost againe by armes There the iurisdiction of the Gouernor of the realme was also reformed a dignity neere vnto that of the King the which hauing to that time beene held by Princes or great personages with great abuse corruption and libertie for that it had beene an ancient custome vsed in Arragon not to call such men in question for their faults but ciuily beeing exempt from condemnation of death prison or banishment It was then decreed that from thenceforth that dignity should not bee giuen to Princes nor to any one that were to powerful aboue the rest but to simple knights to the end that if they did commit any fraude or abuse or did violate the Lawes and publike liberty they might make their criminall processe Lymitation of the iurisdiction of the iustice Maior of Arragon and take away their liues if the case so required The iurisdiction or the iustice Major of Arragon was there also lymited that is he should haue authority to suppresse the vniust decrees of the Kings officers and the rash attempts and actions of mighty men with all publike force and maintaine iustice betwixt great and smal and it was decreed that this Magistrat should not be giuen by the peoples suffrages nor at the appetite of the Plebeians to men of base condition but to knights which should be named by the King Saragossa being subdued the King led his army against them of Valence who persisted in their rebellion Valence subdued The Valentians in the beginning thought to be able to resist and there were some incounters betwixt them and the Kings men but being often beaten and repulst with losse they resolued in the end to yeeld the city the which the king being sharpe and seuere by nature would haue razed plowed vp and the place sowen with fault in hatred of the insolencies and contempt of which the Valentians had vsed against him yet he was diuerted from this cruell intent by the Noblemen that were about him and his wrath was appeased by the punishment of Iohn Ruis Corellia Raymond Scorne Iames Romanin and Ponce of Solier men of noble families who were put to death and others that were more lightly punished Such was the end of the reuolts and tumults of Arragon and Valence Reuolts in Sardynia During the which the Island of Sardynia was likewise in a combustion entertained by the Geneuois hauing lands there namely by Mathew Nicolosio Iohn Anthony Iulian Doria by whose support the Sardiniens did rise and spoiled the countries which held the Arragon party D. William of Ceruillon was then Gouernor for the King D. Pedro in that Island who thinking to repaire the harme which the rebels had done was defeated and slaine neere to Bestide which the enemies did beseege wherefore D. Rambaud of Corbera was sent in his place and Ponce Santa paz for Generall of the Arragon gallies These were moire fortunate then Ceruillon had beene for D. Rambaud raised the seege from before Sasseri and recouered many places wherein he was faithfully assisted by Marian Iudge of Arborea and by Iohn his brother and so prest the faction of Doria which was contrarie to the Arragonois as he freed the Island the which ministred occasion vnto the common weale of Genoa to breake the peace which they had with the King of Arragon Iohn Murta was then Duke of Genoa beeing in the yeere of our Lord An. 1348. 1348. wherefore they of the family of Doria with the helpe and support they had from the common weale of Genoa beseeged Sasseri againe and gaue a rout to Hugues Corbera brother to the Gouernor D. Rambaud who was then absent for he was come into Cattelogne to makes new leauies of souldiars so as the affaires of Sardinia were in greater combustion then euer D. Rambaud returning to his Gouernment with some gallies and good numbers of souldiars of Cattelogne he toucht at the Island of Majorca Last attempt of D. Iames King of Maiorca euen as there was a battaile ready to be giuen betwixt the Arragonois and the dispossest King D. Iames who hauing armed many vessels vpon the coasts of Prouence and Languedoc and giuen the leading thereof to Charles of Grimaldi Lord of Monaco had landed in the Island of Majorca being resolute either to recouer those Islands or to die to make head against him besides the care of D. Gilibert Ruillia Gouernor for the King D. Pedro in the Islands of Majorca and Minorca D. Ponce of Moncade Admiral of Arragon laying a side his voyage of Sicile whether he was going had also landed in Majorca so as there were in armes for the King of Arragon the day of this battaile comprehending D. Rambuds forces eight hundred horse and about twenty thousand foote who ioyning with the King D. Iames men D Iames King of Maiorca slaine defeated them after a long cruel fight with great slaughter whereas the King Don Iames a Prince alwaies vnfortunate in his enterprises lost his life his sonne called also D. Iames being a prisoner and sore wounded wherefore the King Don Pedro by this victory held the conquest of that Island from that time without any contradiction notwithstanding that hee had gotten it by tyranie and iniustice A little before the death of this last King of Majorca he had sold to Philip of Valois the French King all the interest hee had to Montpellier and other lands on this side the Pyrenee mountaines wherevpon the King of Arragon sent D. Pedro Fenouillet Lord of Lisle and Cagnette in Ambassage into France to transact with king Philip for these rights who agreed that the sale thereof made by the deceased king of Majorca should bee good vpon condition that what the French king had not yet paied of the price should bee deliuered to the king of Arragon and then did they treat of a marriage betwixt D. Constance daughter to the king D. Pedro and Lewis Earle of Aniou Grandchild to king Philip to ballance by this alliance the fauours which don Fernand and Don Iohn brethren to the king Don Pedro might haue in France who pretended besides their portions
the pacifying whereof Fernando of Illesca of the Order of the preaching Friars and the Kings Confessor had laboured much but could not conclude any thing The King of Portugall falling sicke in this pallace of Cordal gaue some hope that matters would turne fauourable for Castile Portugal for his sicknesse was so violent as all men despayred of his life whereat the Queene Donna Philippe was much grieued so as shee was deliuered of her first child before her time which made them doubt shee would not haue any more but midwiues rules are not alwaies true for she had afterwards those children whereof we haue made mention Friar Fernand and others who treated a truce betwixt these two kings being not able to effect that which they pretended Exploits of the K. of Portugal in Spaine the King of Portugal being recoured he entred into Galicia and spoiled the countrie and tooke Tuy by Intelligence and Saluaterra after which spoiles the Confessor Fernand returned into Portugal and renewed the treatie where he wrought so as he yeelded to a truce for sixe yeares in the yeare 1389. 1389. by the which Tuy Saluaterra and all the Portugals had taken from Castile was yeelded By this pacification which continued long Don Iohn King of Portugal had meanes to settle him selfe in his Royaltie and wholly to exclude D. Beatrix As for the affaires of Arragon we find that before that war betwixt Castile and Portugall the king D. Pedro being very old Arragon married the fourth time with D. Sibilla widow to Artal of Fosses whom he caused to be crowned at Sarragossa in the yeare 1381. whether the Estates wer called to the effect At the which the Noblemen which had subiects that were no Gentlemen maintained that they had soueraigne power ouer them their goods and liues and that it had beene long practised in Arragon This action was begun vpon the complaints made by the Inhabitants of Anzanego against D. Pedro Sanches of Latras their Lord but it was prohibited and a sentence was giuen by way of prouision that the Noblemen shold enioy the rights which they had accustomed although they were not according to the common law or written law and although they could not shew any priuiledges bgranted vnto them in that behalfe yet should it not be lawfull for the king to draw them into question for any violence or bad vsage done vnto their subiects but the punishment of any excesse done by the superiors to their subiects should be left to God the which gaue way to infinit wickednes These Estates ended with trouble confusion for that D. Briande of Luna hauing left D. Lopes Ximenes of Vrrea her husband and married D. Lewis Cornel these two Noblemen went to armes and kept the field As for the Estate of Sardynia the Arragonois wer in a manner reduced to despaire by the Sardynians and Geneuois their adherents but if falling out that Hugh Iudge of Arborea had 〈…〉 by reason of his tyrannies beene cruelly murthered by his subiects the partie of Arragon began to be in more esteeme Brancaleon of Oria came then to Monçon to the king D. Pedro hauing a pas-port The Estates beeing there assembled he was receiued and honoured with the title of Earle of Monçon this Lord had married Leonora sister to Hugh of Arborea In the meane time the Sardynians desirous to shake off the Arragonois yoake and to submit themselues to the Geneuois held all the Ports of the Iland whereas Leonora of Arborea wife to Brancaleon ioyning with the Geneuois made her selfe head of the partie which made the king to stay Brancaleaon notwithstanding his pas-port wherupon he was sent into Sardynia and kept prisoner in the castle of Cailleri during the life of the King Don Pedro. There was another assembly of the generall Estates called at Monçon Estates in Arragon in the yeare 1383. where as the Infant D. Martin Earle of Xerica and of Luna in the name of the Estates made complaint of many concussions and violences which had beene committed throughout the Realme beeing countenanced by the Duke of Girone the kings eldest sonne and Gouernor of the Realme from whose counsell proceeded many vniust ordonances charges and exactions vppon the people by the which the Estate was decayed He sayd moreouer that some of the Dukes Councell had secret intelligence in Castile and other places yea with the Rebels of Sardynia with Lewis Duke of Anjou the Geneuois and with the enemies to the Arragonois partie in Sicily and had fauoured the attempts of the Infant of Majorca who had some yeares before made roades into Cattelogne and Arragon requiring that information might be made and the offendors punished the which the king ordayned Whereupon the Vicount of Roa Gaston of Moncade Americ Scintilla Iohn Bellera and Fernandes of Heredia Bishop of Vic were commanded to leaue the assembly being suspected the which bred great troubles and seditions and some Noblemen were chased from Court and from the Duke of Girones house who by reason therof grew in bad tearmes with the King his father and worse with the Queen D. Sibilla his mother-in-law by whom he was poursued as the king D. Pedro his father had beene by D. Leonora of Castile The marriage with this Infant D. Iohn Duke of Girone made then with Violant daugther to the Duke of Bar against his fathers liking who desired he should marry the heire of Sicily put him more into disgrace and gaue the Queen meanes to keepe him out of fauour so as the gouernment of the Realme was taken from him and for that Don Iohn Earle of Ampurias with other Noblemen were discontented the king sent to ouer-runne the territorie of Ampurias and to beseege Chastillon where the Earle was who was forced to flie by sea into Prouence The Earle of Vrgel was for the same reason poursued in hostile manner and such were the practises of Queene Sibilla as the Prince with his wife D. Violant were foeced to retire themselues farre from Court to Castelfolit where as the Bishop of Vic and the Vicounts of Lisle and Roccabertin kept him company Among other persons of the Dukes house whom the king hated was D. Constance widow to D. Francis of Perillos who was the guardien of all his secrets and of the Dutchesse Violant his wife wherefore the king did still command that she should be chased away By reason of the Duke of Girones absence from Court Queene Sibilla had meanes to giue many places and to aduance her friends yea she got a promise by oath from the chiefe townes of Arragon to defend her life and goods against the Duke who notwithstanding the king had forbidden him to meddle with the affaires carried himselfe still for Gouernor of the Realme and the King seeking to force him hee appealed to the Iustice Major of Arragon Authority of the Iustice Maior of Arragon This Magistrate beeing of great authoritie stayes all matters of fact
whom shee named but this was an information made without any aduerse party to the great scandale of Queene Leonoras marriage so as by the aduice of the royall councell of Castile it was supprest The Queene remayning obstinate not to returne to her husband the King of Castile preuailed so with her as shee yeelded to send Don Leanne her eldest daughter for hee gaue her to vnderstand that it would somewhat pacefie the King of Nauarre Besides it was to bee feared that if shee staied her hee might in despight institute his brother Peter Earle of Mortaing heire of his realme It did much import the Nauarrois to haue this daughter in the fathers power fearing least the mother should marry her to some Castillan against the fathers will and to the preiudice of the liberty of the Realme The daughter was deliuered to the Ambassadors with one of her sisters being royally accompanied from the towne of Roa whether the King and his sister came to send her into Nauarre where shee was receiued with great contentment to the King and the Nauarrois yet he was much discontented at the rebellion and contempt of the Queene his wife This businesse being ended Castile the King of Castile came to Segobia where he did institute the Order of the Knights of the holy Ghost causing collars of gold to bee made like vnto the sunne beames at which did hang a white doue This collar hee himselfe did weare and gaue it to many Knights that were most familiar with him shewing them a certaine booke of Orders which they must obserue Moreouer he would also institute an other deuice which he called Reason the which Esquires which carried themselues valiantly in Iousts and Tournayes and did any commendable act should carry yet hee beeing dead these things died likewise with him which follwed the same yeere 1390. He was resolued to passe into Andalusia An. 1390. to order the affaires of that Prouince and administer Iustice passing in the month of October by Alcala of Henares thether came vnto him fifty Christian Knights borne at Maroc in Affrike who being sent for by him had past the seas with leaue from their King and were come to doe him seruice Hee receiued them gratiously and promised them pensions and lands in Castile They were of the most ancient families of Maroc Farfanes-Christian affâ— ikans hauing alwaies held the Christian religion and were called the Farfanes The King desirous to see them mannage their Genets for they had the report to bee good horsemen went to horse-backe and going out at the port which is called of Burgos he entred into a plowed field and beginning to gallop his horse ouer the furroes he stumbled in the medest of his course and fell vpon the King who was so brused as hee died being but two and thirty yeeres old whereof hee raigned eleuen and three monthes his body was carried to Toledo and buried in the Chappell of the last Kings where his father and mother lie A Prince endowed with good parts but vnfortunate and too sharpe to his brother the Earle of Gijon the which did somewhat blemish the luster of his vertues he was a friend and rewarder of valiant men and religious according to the time Hee was founder of three of the chiefe Monasteries in Spaine and gaue them great reuenues that is the Carthusians at Valdelo çoya in the territorie of Segobia in Rascafrie the which is commonly called Paular the royall Monasterie of the Order of Saint Benet at Vailedolit the chiefe of the Religion in the Realmes of Castile Leon Arragon and Nauarre built whereas the old fort did stand And moreouer hee founded the church and house of Santa Maria of Guadalupe whereas he put religious men of Saint Ierosmes Order and tooke away the Chaplains which were wont to bee there ar which place there is an Image which they hold doth miracles This King was very pittifull to Princes and men of marke that were strangers and afflicted as it appeered by the deliuery which hee sought with great affection of Leon King of Armenia who was prisoner with the Sultan of Aegipt to whom hee sent an honourable Ambassage to that effect And afterwards this Prince beeing retired into Spaine he gaue him conuenient reuenues and pensions vpon the towne of Madrid and other places in Castile It is he whose tombe is in the Celestins church at Paris where he died mediating a peace betwixt the French and English The King of Nauarre hauing laboured in vaine for the haue the Queene his wife returne vnto him Nauarre desyring to haue her crowned with him like vnto other Queenes hee resolued not to delay his coronation any longer wherefore he assembled the Estates of his realm in the city of Pampelone whereas the sollemnity of his coronation was made as followeth The Deputies of the Clergy Ceremony at the King of Nauarres coronation Nobility and third Estate beeing assembled with the Ambassadors of forraine Princes in the great chappell of the Cathedrall church the Bishops beeing in their Pontificall habits Don Martin of Salua Bishop of Pampelone who was afterwards Cardinall spake the words vnto the King O King our naturall Lord it is fit before you receiue the Sacrament of the holy vnction that you take the oth vnto your people of Nauarre which hath beene accustomed to be taken in this Realme of Nauarre by Kings your predecessors Wherevnto the King answered that he was ready to sweare then a crosse being presented vnto him and a booke laying his hand thereon Forme of the King oth to his people he pronounced these words with a loude voice We D. Charles by the grace of God King of Nauarre Earle of Eureux c. Doe sweare vnto our people of Nauarre vpon this crosse and vpon the holy Euangelist toucht by vs and to you the prelats and rich men of the cities and good townes and to all the people of Nauarre for all your rights lawes customes freedomes liberties and preuiledges that euery one of them as they now are shal be maintained and kept to you and your successors all the time of our life without corrupting them bettering and not impayring them in all or in part and that the violence and force which hath beene done to your predecessors whom God pardon or to you by Vs or our Officers we shall hereafter command it to cease and satisfaction to bee made according vnto right as they shal be made manifest by good men and of credit After the Kings oth Fâ—â—mâ— of the subiects oth vnto the King the Deputies of the Estates according to their degrees standing vp did also sweare after this maner We N. N. Barons of Nauarre as well in our owne names as for all the Knights and Gentlemen of the realme sweare vnto you our King and Lord vpon this corsse and these foure holy Euangelists handled and toucht by vs to gard and faithfully to defend your person and our country and
reigne came and kist his hands being accompanied with a hundred Knights and Squiers of the country of Valencia which he had aduentured through the absence of the Earle of Transtamara his competitor who was in disgrace with the King D. Henry The Marquis hauing purged himselfe of such things as might bee obiected against him D. Alphonso of Arragon receiued gratiously by the king of Castile and made many excuses for his not comming to court he made sute to be restored to his Office of Constable of Castile which had beene taken from him by the gouernors to conferre it vpon D. Pedro Earle of Transtamara to the preiudice of his honour and dignity to whom the King gaue a gratious answere assuring him that he would order his affaires with all equity and Iustice then he intreated him to passe the mountaines and to come with him into Castile the Old but the Marquis excused him selfe saying that he was not come so well appointed as he desired to doe him seruice but if he gaue him meanes he would returne willingly to serue him So he returned into his country not well satisfied with the King D. Henry who made no account to restore him to his office of Constable but soone after by the aduice of the Archbishop of Toledo he tooke from him the title of Marquis of Villena for that it seemed not safe nor profitable for the Estate of Castile that a Marquisate frontering vpon a forraine Realme should remaine in the hands of a Knight who had so strict an alliance as the Marquis D. Alphonso had with the Kings and Realme of Arragon From Illesca the King past to Vailledolit where he was aduertised that the duke of Benauent was at Cisneros with six hundred Launces and two thousand foote and the Archbishop of Saint Iames in Amusco with other six hundred Launces and one thousand foote Many were of opinion that the Kings forces should be led against them to fight with them but the sounder iudgment disswasded al fighting if it were possible for the realm should loose of either side besides the hazard where into the King should thrust both his Estate and life by a battaile to the which a Prince must neuer come against his subiects vnlesse he be forced by ineuitable necessity This aduice preuailed and there were sent vnto the Archbishop of Saint Iames and at his request Iohn Hurtado and Diego Lopes of Mendoça to Calabaçanos with whom they wrought so as they drew him to court vpon assurance whereas the Arachbishop did also obtaine a safe-conduit for the Duke of Benauent to whom he went himselfe and brought him to court The duke being in the Kings presence Duke of Benauent comes to court and seekes to purge himselfe sought to free himselfe of the accusations which were laied against him First he maintayned that he had taken none of the Kings reuenues within his iurisdiction but what was due vnto him the which should not be held so great a crime seeing that many prelats and others of lesse quallity then himselfe had often vsed it and were not drawn into questioÌ„ As for the men of war which he had gathered together he had therein followed the general command for feare of war with the Moores after the defeat of the maister of Alcantara and if he had beene at Roa to see the Queene of Nauarre his sister it was not preiudicial to the realm nor contrary to the Kngs seruice These excuses were held neither good nor true by the king who notwithstanding told him that he would willingly forget al that was past Conditions propounded to the Duke of Benauent so as he would from threnceforth liue in peace and obedience propounding vnto him these conditions That if it were found he had leauied more money then had beene assigned him at the last Estates held at Madrid he should restore it vnto the king or to such as it did belong that he should cause D. Pedro to come to court whom the King pardoned for that which did concerne him restoring to others their interests that the duke should giue his two base sonnes in hostage and should leaue in deposito the castles of Medina del Riosecco and Tordehumos for foure yeeres with this clause that if he raised any tumults those places should come vnto the King That if he shold fal from the Kings seruice certain Knights of his houshold shold promise swear to turne vnto the kings party that the pension of an hundred 15. thousand Marauidis graunted vnto the Duke at the Estates at Madrid should be augmented to fiue hundred thousand that for the seuenty thousand frankes of gold which had beene promised him for his marriage the King gaue him the reuenues of Valencede Campo the which Iohn of Portugal had till then enioyed and now he tooke it from him for that hee had beene a practiser and confederat against his Estate These things being thus ordred the duke and the Archibishop went from court and being come to Cisneros the duke ratefied all and dismist his troupes retayning only a hundred launces for the Kings seruice Within few daies after D Alphonso Henriques came vnto the King being at Vailledolit D. Pedro Earle of â—ranstamara comes to court with a letter of credit from the Constable D. Pedro Earle of Transtamara his brother telling the King that if it pleased him to giue some assurance vnto the Earle hee would come to court wherevpon the King assured him and hee came presently freeing himselfe of many things whereof he had beene accused then he complained of D. Alhonso Earle of Gijon who had forcebly taken from him the towne of Paredes of Naua which the deceased King D. Iohn had giuen him in exchange for the towne of Alua de Tormes which he had taken from him to giue it to D. Iohn Infant to Portugal The King gaue the Constable a good reception promising to prouide for all things according vnto Iustice and presently he went in person to Paredes of Naua which place he deliuered into the hands of Ruy Lopes of Aualos his Lord Chamberlaine and did sommon his vncle D. Alphonso Earle of Gijon to appeere within threescore daies and to produce what right he had to this place wherevpon Iustice should be done him but if he did not appeere it should be adiudged to D. Pedro. The King did also presse him to sweare the Articles of the truce of Portugal as other Noblemen Prelats and Knights had done according to the capitulation the which the Earle would not doe but sought excuses and euasions wherewith the King was very much discontented This was a matter of great importance for the Marquis of Villena and the Earle of Gijon refusing to sweare the Articles the King of Portugal pretended that the truce was of no force and that the hostages were forfeited vnto him So as he refused the oth which the Marquis after his refusall would haue taken when as hee came to court saying
betwixt their Ambassadors for fifteene yeares Portugal had not beene signed and sworne by certain Noblemen of Castille as had beene agreed with other light occasions which drew him to field being yet proud of his former victories and contemning the youth and infirmity of King Henry his aduersary wherefore he sodenly brought his army before Badajos which towne hee tooke and the Marshall Don Garci Guttiere of Herrera in it whereat the King Don Henry was much incensed and speedily prouided for all things necessary to suppresse the boldnesse of this Portugall King both by sea and land One of the most remarkable exployts of this warre which continued three yeares was the incounter of fiue Castillan gallies with seauen of Portugall comming from Genoa laden with armes and souldiers the fight hauing continued very sharpe some houres in the end foure of the gallies of Portugall were taken one broken and the rest put to flight Victory of the Castillansat sea In this incounter the Portugalls lost aboue fiue hundred men besides the armes and equipage of their gallies the which were drawne to St. Lucar Many noble men of Portugall at that time left King Iohn and retired into Castile where they were entertained and had lands and houses giuen them by the King D. Henry Among others Martin Vasques of Acugna and his brethren Giles Vasques and Lopes Vasques came also with an hundred lances Iohn Fernandes and Lopes Fernandes Pachecos bretheren Aluar Gonçales Camelo Prior of S. Iohn with many others The king of Portugal entring by Gallicia he tooke from king Henry the town of Tuy and towards extremadura he layd seege before Alcantara to whose succour was sent D. Ruy Lopes of Aualos then made Constable of Castile in the place of the Earle of Transtamara who raised the seege and entring into Portugal spoiled and burnt the countrie and tooke Pegna major a place of strength by force On the other side the towne of Miranda of Duego was beseeged by King Henries captaines who prest it in such sort as it yeelded After some courses and prizes made at sea by the Admirall of Castile the truce was renued betwixt the two kings and was so entertayned as it was the last war which the Portugals had with Castile vntill our daies so as these two Princes gouerned their Estates in peace and quietnesse the remainder of thier liues In Arragon whilest they contended for the right of the succession against Mathew of Castelbon Earle of Foix Arragon and his wife D. Ioane eldest daughter to the deceased king D. Iohn as we haue sayd D. Maria wife to the D. of Momblanc being absent in Sicily took vpon her the title of Queene by the aduice of the councell of Cattelogne in the city of Barcelona where there assisted D. Inigo Valterra Archb. of Tarragona Bernard of Pinos Hugh Anglesole Roger of Moncade Viceroy of Sardinia Michel Gurrea Francis of Aranda who was held the wisest of his time Bernard Michel William Pujade Gerard Paliol Francis of Aranda a wise man and Bernard Zatrille These were of opinion that the Regencie of the realme should bee put into the hands of D. Maria vntill her husbands coming to whom they had sent D. Hugh of Bage Bishop of Tortosa Iohn Foulq son to the Earle of Cardona Emanuel Ragiadel Raymond Zaual a Cittizen of Barcelonet and Peter Grimald of Perpignan Ambassadors to giue him notice of his election and to hasten his returne The widow Queene Violant was in the meane time accompanied by foure of the chiefe Ladies by order frm the Councell the which did neuer abandon her and should haue a care of her deliuery for that she said she was with child And for that many men of state and others hauing had charges offices in the time of the deceased King Officers called into question had abused them their actions were now called into question during this Inteâ—egne and some of them were committed at Barcelona The Will of the deceased King beeing opened in the Assembly of Cattelogne they found that the same Duke of Momblanc to whom the peoples fauour inclined was there named heyre and successor to the Crowne in case the King Don Iohn dyed without issue male the which was signified to the Countesse of Foix. At the Estates assembled at Sarragossa to giue order that the realme should receiue no losse in the absence of the king D. Martin these chiefe men were present D. Garci fernandes of Heredia Arch-bishop of Sarragossa D. Iohn Martines Murillo Abbot of Montarragon D. Pedro Fernandes of Ixar D. william and Raymond Allamans Cevuillon D. Pedro Ruis Morio for the great Prior of Amposta The Prior of Rota The Abbot of S. Fides D. Pedro of Ladron Vicount of Villanoua D. Lopes Ximenes of Vrrea D. Fernand Lopes of Luna D. Iohn Martines of Luna D. Alphonso Fernandes of Ixar D. Pedro Fernrndes Vergua D. Francis of Allagon D. Pedro Ximenes of Vrrea son to D. Lope The Atturneys of D. Lewis Cornel of D. Artal of Allagon of D. Iohn Ximenes of Vrrea Atrasillo of D. Pedro Galcerand of Castro and of D. Anthony of Luna Moreouer Iohn Ximenes de la Cerde Iustice Maior of Arragon with many other Noblemen knights and Deputies of towns and commonalties who without regard to the demands and protestations of Mathew Earle of Foix and D. Ieanne his wife confirmed the Duke of Monblanc testamentarie heire of the Realme disanulling the conuentions made by the deceased king D. Pedro grandfather to D. Ieanne Articles of marriage broken by the estates to the preiudice of the Eaâ—le of Foix. at the treatie of her marriage with the Earle of Foix by the which it was sayd that if Don Iohn her father dyed without issue male she should inherit the Realme whereupon Mathew Earle of Foix sought to obtaine his right by armes seeing that iustice was denyed him And hauing employed the ayde of the Earle of Armaignac of Iohn Duke of Berry the French kings vncle and of other Noblemen of France he passed with a thousand men at armes three thousand light horsemen from the Vicountie of Castelbon beyond the Pyrenees and by the valley of Ferriere at Villemur he tooke Camaraça and marched as farre as Lerida where hee spoyled the country against whome the Estates did chose Don Pedro of Vrgell for Generall And for that it was suspected that D. Iohn Earle of Ampurias had fauoured these French troupes at the passage of the mountaines he was committed to prison but soone after deliuered hauing made proofe of his innocencie Although the Earle of Foix did much annoy the Arragonois yet the greatest losse fell vppon himselfe for beeing too weake a partie to incounter the power of Arragon he did nothing but spend his estate ingage himselfe and striue for nothing his army beeing forced to rise from before Barbastro and to retire for want of victuals and other discommodities towards Huesca and then to passe by Caparosso belonging vnto
Nauarre into Bearne on this side the mountaines after which hee neuer made any memorable attempt The king D. Martin notwithstanding all the importunitie of the Arragonois Andrew of Clairmont beheaded at Palermo was not resolued to leaue Sicile vntill he had seene his sonne peacefull king of the Iland the which he effected after a long and tedious warre by the ruine of the noble families of Clairmont and Alagon and of other rebels whereof Andrew of Clairmont Duke of Modica was beheaded at Palermo after which Artal of Alagon was expelled Sicile with all his family by vertue of whose Predecessors that Realme had beene in a manner conquered for the house of Arragon D. Martin the first of that name and 15. King of Arragon MAtter 's beeing thus brought to passe D. Martin elect King of Arragon leauing with the King his sonne called also D. Martin and his wife Marie William of Moncado Marquis of Malta chiefe Iustice and Constable of the Realme Peter Serra Bishop of Cattanea Francis Zagarriga Hugh Santapaz and other Cattelans and Arragonois for Councellers he sayled towards the Island *** Corfica whereas the Earle of Cinerche and others of the familie of Istria and of that of Rocca held many townes and castles at his deuotion From thence the King past into Prouence where he did visit Pope Benedict in Auignon receiuing a rose from him on Palme sunday hauing done him homage for the Islands of Sardinia and Corsica then continuing his voyage hee arriued in Cattelogne in the beginning of Maie in the yeare 1397. At his entrie into the countrie hee found a stately ambassage where were the chiefe Noblemen of Arragon and deputies of the citie of Sarragossa who intreated him that without any stay he should goe vnto the Estates assembled at Sarragossa and that he would not deale in any affaires of the realme vntill according to the auncient custome hee had taken and receiued their othes the which seemed something strange vnto the King yet he answered these ambassadors gratiously that beeing tired with so long a voyage he had need of rest wherefore after some little staie at Barcelona hee would come presently to Sarragossa notwithstanding after his entrie into Barcelona which was very stately sitting in his tribunall hee pronounced a sentence against Mathew Earle of Foix and D. Ioanne his wife Sentence against the earle of Foix. beeing his neece by the which he declared them rebels and guilty of high treason and fallen from all their rights he did confiscate the Vicontie of Castlebon and other lands held by them in the realme of Arragon and Cattelogne adiudging them vnto the crowne Moreouer hee sent from thence shippes and souldiers into Sardynia and Sicile sending backe D. Roger of Moncado into his gouernment of Sardinia and D. Pedro of Bage into Sicile After which hee went to Sarragossa to the Estates about the end of October The King presiding in this assembly did much commend the vertue fide litie and valour of the Arragonois seeking by good words to make them tractable and well-affected to him and his children for after the oath taken by him for the obseruation of the rights and priuiledges of Arragon and other Prouinces and reciprocally by them he intreated the Estates to acknowledge his sonne D. Martin King of Sicile beeing absent for lawfull heire of that crowne after him the which was willingly done the King of Siciles ambassadors hauing promised an vnion of the two realmes for euer and to cause the King their master to ratifie it and to take the oathes accustomed in such acts There was giuen vnto the King at these Estates 130000 florins of gold to pay his debts and 30000 for his expences During the assembly there was some tumult of warre in the Mountains there being entred by the pace of Sarazal some of the Earle of Foix troupes who tooke and sackt Thermes but without any other exploite they returned In the meane time Mathew of Castelbon Earle of Foix Death of the Earle of Foix. dyed without any children being in the yeare 1398. wherby D. Martin remayned peaceable King of Arragon who setled himselfe and disposed of his affaires according to his desire First of all knowing that the wisedome of a Prince consists chiefly in knowing wel how VVisedome necessarie in a Princeto chuse men of valour to chuse men of valour whose seruice he must vse in the gouernment of his Estate he laboured to draw vnto him by his bountie and fauour the hearts and affections of those which he knew to be such namely he gratified D. Alphonso of Arragon much and honored him with the Dutchie of Gandia he made D. Iames of Prade Constable of Arragon and to many other Noblemen and knights hee gaue gifts and priuiledges hee restored Archambaud of Graille who had beene heire in the right of succession to the Earledome of Foix by reason of his wife sister to the deceased Matthew of Castelbon to the lands which he had forfeited yet he made but a bare recompence to his Neece the Countesse of Foix who retired her selfe to Valencia with 3000. florens of yearely pension for her whole entertaynment where she ended her dayes He maried his other neece D. Violant to Lewis Duke of Aniou chosen king of Naples to whom hee gaue 160000. florens in dowrie so as she should renounce all rights and pretensions which shee might haue to the Crowne of Arragon and other lands of the deceased kind D. Iohn her father adding afterwards to this bond an allyance which he made with Nauarre to be the better assured of the French And not to forget the workes of pietie couered with the vale of religion seing Pope Benedict greatly molested in Auignon although it were by the practises of the French king he sent an armie by sea to assist him and if need were to carrie him away the euent whereof was miserable for being come vnto the mouth of the riuer of Rhosne about December in the heart of a very sharpe winter the gallies not being able to go vp the riuer by reason the water was low most of the slaues mariners and souldiers dyed for cold Statues sent by the Pope into Arragnâ— The fauour which the king of Arragon did shew vnto the Pope did so far auayle him as it made the French king forbeare for a time to oppose himselfe to acknowledge the which and in his loue to his country he sent into Arragon foure statues of siluer and gilt and enriched with stones the which were kept in the citty of Sarragossa and therin were iâ—closed the relikes of Valerius Laurence Vincent and Encratia reputed by the Sarragossans for Saints patrons and protectors Thus the king D. Martin sought in the first yeares of his raigne to content the world by his humane wisedome and to purchase the fame of a politicke and religious Prince notwithstanding as humane wisedome faile smost commonly he could not keepe such a meane but in gratifying some
and as the king D. Henry caused search to be made for him Queene Catherine being newly brought in bed begged his pardon at the same time when as she intreated the king her husband hee was hidden in her chamber and hearing that the king had pardoned him he came foorth presently in a Priests habit and obtained the Archdeaconship of Alaua beeing an Archdeacon he had two concubines one an English woman called Izabel and the other a Spaniard whose name was Mary Bernard by these he had eight children sons and daughters from one of which named Alphonso is descended the family called of Castile reduced at this day to litle About the end of this yeare the Moores of Granado began to stirre hauing no cause but onely the king D. Henries disability to war by reason of his indisposition They took the towne of Ayamonte Moores belonging to Don Aluar Peres of Guzman whereat the king D. Henry being displeased he sent to king Mahumet Aben-Balua to haue the place restored in the estate it was otherwise he would prouide by armes the which the Moore promised giuing some excuses but he did not performe it but after some dayes entred again by Quesada with a great army and did ouer-runne the country about Bacça for suppressing of whom the king D. Henry sent troupes of men at armes towards the fronter vnder the leading of D. Pedro Manrique the Generall with whom there ioyned many noblemen and knights and although the Christians forces were inferior to the Moores Battel betwixt the Christians and Moores yet they offered them battell in the which there was great slaughter of both parts but no certaine victory in regard of the losse but the Moores kept the field and the reputation Of Christians of accompt there dyed Alphonso of Aualos the Constables nephew Martin of Rojas Garci Aluares Osorio and Iohn of Herrera knights of valour The king D. Henry seeing that he must enter into warre Castille he assembled his Estates at Toledo to consult of the meanes to pursue it and then he went to Madrid where he receiued newes of the battell The Prelates Noblemen and Deputies of townes being assembled and hauing consulted freely what was to bee done for the king had resolued to enter in person into Granado requiring their aduise and consent he was forced his infirmity increasing to giue the charge thereof to his brother D. Fernand and to make him his Lieutenant generall in this expedition who spake vnto the Estates in the kings name letting them vnderstand that his resolution was to make warre with all violence and with his greatest power against the king of Granado for some reasons he gaue them and therefore he made accompt to put to field ten thousand men at armes foure thousand genets or light-horse and fiftie thousand foot-men besides the forces that were in Andalusia to entertayne which troupes with all necessarie prouision for sixe moneths hee had need of a hundred millions of Marauidis then currant paying to euery horseman twenty Marauidis a day and to euery footeman tenne He therefore intreated the estates to prouide and contribute that summe freely and speedily Dâ—mâ—nd of King Henry of 〈◊〉 flates seeing it must be imployed for the defence and safety of all Spaine The estates were amazed at so great a charge at that season and besought the Infant to speake vnto the King for the moderating of the summe seeing hee had so great a treasure lying at Segobia whereof a small portion might ease the Estates The Prelats and Clergy men aboue all others made great difficulty for this contribution the which in the ende the King after conference with his Brother and other his familiars ordred in this manner That the Estates should presently furnish fourty fiue Millions of Marauidis which are valued at a Million of Crownes by the Authors of those times and if the King should neede any more hee might impose it without calling of the Estates The condition to impose mony vpon the subiects without calling the States seemed hard yet they all consented for that time so as it might not be a president Matters standing thus the Kings infirmity increased in such sort as foreseeing his approching death he made his will and instituted for heire of his realmes his Sonne D. Iohn beeing but twenty two monethes old leauing him for Tutors vntill hee came to the age of fourteene yeares compleate Testament of the King D. Henry the Queene D. Catherine his wife and his brother the Duke of Pegnafiel And if his heire should die hee did then substitute his daughter Catherine and vnder the same tutors to whome also he left the gouernment of his realmes His will was to be buried in the habit of Saint Francis and that his Sonne should bee bred vp vnder the discipline of Deigo Lopes of Estuniga chiefe iustice of Castille of D. Iohn Velasco his Lord Chamberlaine and of D. Pablo Bishop of Carthagena Death of King Henry of Castille Hauing thus disposed of his last will hee died soone after Some Authors say that he was poysoned by a Phisition a Iew the which was knowne afterwards by the confession of other Iewes that were prisoners for other disorders committed in derision of the ceremonies vsed in the Christian Relligion and were executed at Segobia The King D. Henry the third hauing rayned sixteene yeares and almost three months dyed in the yeare 1406. in December in the Citty of Toledo being not much aboue twenty seauen yeares old hee was interred in the Chappell of the last Kings in the Cathedrall Church there The same yeare dyed Pope Innocent the seauenth at Rome hauing rayned two yeares in whose place was chosen Angelo Carairo a Venetian Patriarke of Constantinople and Cardinall of Saint Marke by thirteen Cardinalls of his faction and was named Gregory the twelft by whome the Schisme was contynued After the returne of the Queene D. Leonora to the King of Nauarre her husband shee was deliuered of a Sonne in the citty of Pampelone Nauarre who was called by his Fathers name but he lyued little The peace of this realme was great vnder this King Charles who liued very contentedly with his wife after her returne and made her Regent when hee past into France which was in the yeare 1397 for hee had many great affaiers to decyde with King Charles the sixt who detayned many places from him which had beene seazed on in his fathers time and had often sollicited him in vaine by his Ambassadors to do him reason wherefore hee was forced to goe in person Before his departure hee ordayned there should bee payed towards the building of the great Church of Pampelone ruined some yeares before the forteth pennie of al the reuenues of his realme for twelue yeares where-with it was built in the forme we now see it Hereof there were letters giuen by this King at Saint Iohn of Pie de Port this yeare 1397. in May. His voiage into France did benefit
who haue alwaies done great seruice in these Moorish warres the which kept King Ioseph for aduenturing of a battaile The towne of Antiquera being prest with all violence it was taken there going first vnto the assault Antequera taken the companies of D. Garci Fernandes Manrique of D. Charles of Areillan Lord of Los Cameros and Roderigo of Narbaez The first which died in fighting was Iuancho a Biscain and the first which entred were Guttiere of Torres and Sancho Gonçales Cherino The castle did hold out eight daies longer and then was yeelded by the Moores to haue their liues saued and their goods who were safely conducted to Archidona There entred into it Don Frederic Earle of Transtamara and the Bishop of Palencia the garde of the towne and castle was giuen to Roderigo of Narbaez In the meane time the Moores did forrage the territorie of Alcala the royall and the Christians after the taking of Antiquera did ouerrunne the country of Aznalmara Cabecha and Yâ—har small townes which were taken by force through the wisdome and valour chiefely of the Constable D. Ruy Lopes of Aualos after which exploits the Infant Don Fernand returned a victor to Seuile where he had messengers from the King of Granado Truce with the King of Granado soliciting him to make a truce wherevnto hee yeelded being prest to attend the affaires of Arragon wherefore there was a truce concluded betwixt Castile and Granado for seuenteene monthes Wee haue before left Don Martin King of Arragon beeing without children â—â— succeed him Arragon importuned by many Princes pretending to bee his heires troubled with the seditions and rebellions of the Sardynians and Sicilians beeing old and broken and yet newly married to a young Princesse with hope to raise his house But beeing weake both in bodie and minde griefe and care made the way to pestilent feuer the which seized on him this yeere 1410. in the Monastery of Valdonzellas neere to Barcelona hauing raigned about 14. yeeres whose body was buried in the Monastery of Problette There was no will of his found or any heire instituted in his Realmes of Arragon Sicile c. The reason thereof was thought to bee for that hee knew not to which hee should incline amongst all the pretendants to that crowne after his decease Wherefore the Arragonois Valentlans Cattelans and Sicilians were in great perplexity for Don Fernand Duke of Pegnafiel Infant of Castile pretended a right Princes pretending to the realme of Arragon beeing sonne to Donna Leonora of Arragon sister to the two last Kings decreased Lewis Duke of Aniou hauing married Donna Violâ—nt daughter to King Iohn the first maintained the succession to belong to him the like pretension had Don Iames Earle of Vrgel hauing also married one of the daughters of the King Don Pedro Don Frederic of Arragon Earle of Luna base sonne to Martin King of Sicile put forth himselfe and so did Don Alphonso Earle of Gandia all these pretendants had their partisans within the Realme and euery one tried all meanes with great contention and likely-hood of sedition to attaine vnto that which hee pretended so as in these tumults Don Anthony of Luna slue Don Garcia Archbishop of Saragossa treacherously Murther of the Archbishop of Saragâ—ssa To preuent which disorders in time the Noblemen of the Realme agreed that of the three Estates there should be nine men chosen by whose Iudgement the Scepter of Arragon should bee giuen to him of the pretendants whom they should thinke most profitable for the common-weale For Arragon there were named Don Dominike Bishop of Huesca Francis of Aranda and Don Berenger of Bardaxi a great Lawier For the principality of Cattelog D. Pedro Zagariga Archbishop of Tarragona William of Vallesca and Bernard of Gualues And for the Realme of Valencia were chosen Vincent Ferrier Nine arbitrators to choose the King of Arragon of the Order of the preaching friars who was afterwards connonized his brother Boniface Ferrier a Lawier a Monke of the Order of the Carthusians and Maister Peter Bertrand this last was substituted in the place of Gines of Rabeça who fell mad These nine men beeing assembled in the castle of Caspe which is in Arragon all those which pretended any right vnto the Realme were sommoned to exhibit their reasons before them whereof some appeered personally and others by their Ambassadours In the meane time in Castile the Infant D. Fernand for himselfe and the King his Nephew caused this businesse to be consulted of by the learned of the country who in the beginning were of opinion that both of them had an interest and that they must frame an opposition before the Delegats as well in the Kings name beeing a pupill as in his vncle and tutor Don Fernand yet hauing better considred or being otherwise perswaded they gaue all the right of the succession in the realme of Arragon to the Infant D. Fernand who for this cause deputed Ambassadors the Bishop of Palença and D. Diego Lopes of Estuniga chiefe Iustice of Castile D. Fernand with his right vseth armes and Lord of Bejar with Doctor Pero Sanches of the Kings councel to send them into Arragon and at the same time hee caused fifteene hundred launces to draw neere vnto the frontier of Arragon hee and the Queene-mother with the young King comming to Aillon a neere place to Arragon Whilest they are busie about these pursutes the Duke of Benauent a prisoner in the castle of Mont-real Castile brake prison and escaped hauing slaine the captaine which had him in gard whereof they beeing aduertised at court they prouided speedily for all the passages especially towards Portugal thinking that hee would bend that way but hee went towards Nauarre where hee was kindely entertained by the King D. Charles and by the Queene Dionna Leonora his sister who notwithstanding hauing receiued letters from the Queene-mother the Infant Don Fernand and the councell of Castile iutreating them to set a gard vpon the Dukes person vntill they had further newes they caused him to bee put into a strong castle yet intreating him with all honour and respect and then they sent an Ambassador into Castile to make their excuse for that they had receiued this fugitiue Prince and intreated him as their brother but they kept him in sure garde that he should not attempt any thing against the crowne of Castile This Ambassadour found the court at Aillon where he was well receiued and his excuses allowed There arriued also Ambassadors from the French King with very rich presents the which were required with others of no lesse value being sent by an expresse Ambassage some monthes after This yeere of our Lord 1411. An. 1411. Greene crosses the badge of the Knights of Alcantara Pope Benedict graunted that the Knights of Alcantara in steed of hoods which they did weare in signe of their profession should from thence forth carry greene crosses During the courts aboade at Arllon attending what
Martin Fernandes of Cordoua accompanied with many great Doctors in Diuinity This yeere died in Castile Vincent Arias a great Doctor and the first that did comment vpon the lawes of Castile The King D. Fernand hauing held the Estates of Cattelogne at Momblanc he past to Valencia where he found Benedict held for Pope onely in Castile Arragon and Nauarre In that court there were also many prelats Marriage betwixt D. Alphonso of Arragon and D. Maria of Castile noblemen and knights as well of the realme as strangers by reason of the marriage which was celebrated there betwixt the Infant D. Alphonso of Arragon the Kings eldest sonne and Mary of Castile sister to the King Don Iohn by reason whereof there were great sports so as some Bishops according to the manner of that age carried the praise namely Don Sancho of Roias Bishop of Palence to whom at the intreaty of the Queene of Castile Benedict the pretended Pope did conferre the Archbishoprike of Toledo beeing voide by the decease of Don Pedro de Luna And for that in the contract of future marriage there had beene graunted in dowry to the Infanta the Marquisate of Villena when as there was no likely-hood that the Infant should come to the crowne of Arragon it was againe concluded for that it seemed by this meanes the Marquisate should bee alienated from the crowne of Castile that in lieu thereof there should bee giuen two hundred thousand doublons of Castile During the Kings aboad at Valencia hee fell sicke which staied him from going to Nice wherefore the Emperour Sygismond resolued to come into Spaine whereof the King D. Fernand being aduertised he caused himselfe to bee carried to Perpignan to meet with this great Prince who toiled himselfe for the revnion of the church an example of modesty in his traine which was small in habits which were simple and in his seruice for he was not serued but in peuter Their enterview was in September in the yeere of our Lord 1415. Entervew of the Emperors Sigismond and D. Fernand King of Arragon after the foureteenth Session of the councell of Constance where Iohn the three and twentith and Gregory the twelfth were deposed who yeelded though against their wills onely Benedict held his Popedome by force and would not allow of this councel with whom neither the intreaties nor threats of Princes nor the acts and protestations of Ambassadors from the councell could preuaile after whose departure the King Don Fernand laboured what he could to induce this froward spirit to yeeld to the consent of all Christendome but there was no meanes yea Benedict retired in great indignation to Pigniscola a sort vpon the sea in the Realme of Valencia wherefore the King by the aduice of Friar Vincent Ferrier and other great Doctors gaue him to vnderstand that hee retired himselfe from his obedience This did not amaze Benedict but flying to his spirituall armes hee pronounced King Fernand to bee fallne from all regall authority in Arragone writing to all the townes and people that were subiect vnto him that they should not yeeld him obedience The King little regarding it not onely persisted in his resolution but also went into Castile to perswade the councell of King Iohn his Nephew to submit him and his Realmes to the authority of the councell but being not fully recouered he was forced to stay at Igualada where hauing newes of the death of his sonne Don Sancho maister of Alcantara Death of D. Fernand King of Arragon his sicknesse increased An. 1416. so as hee died in the yeere of our Lord 1416. hauing reigned onely three yeeres and tenne monthes beeing about sixe and thirty yeere of age and was buried in the Monastery of Poblete Hee did institute by his will Don Alphonso his eldest sonne to bee heire of his Estates and for want of children did substitute his brethren and if they died without children hee did substitute vnto them the sonnes or nephewes of his daughters excluding them The authors of the History of Sicile write that this Prince beeing come to the crowne of Arragon would not sodainely intitle himselfe King of Sicile for that the Island was full of tumults and seditions which grew presently after the death of King Martin whereof the chiefe motiue was Bernard of Cabrera Earle of Modica and chiefe Iustice which is the principall dignity in that Realme who with other Noblemen his confederats pretended that the vnion of Sicile with the crowne of Arragon plotted by the two King Martins father and sonne had beene concluded against all right and custome and therefore they maintained that it was lawfull for the Sicilians to choose a King at their pleasures Bernard of Cabrera had a conceite that this honour was due to him and therefore hee sought to seize vpon the person of the widow Queene Donna Blanche the Regent to the end that hee might marry her were shee willing or not thinking by this meanes to make his way more easie to the crowne but shee being aduertised of his intent retired from Cattanea and fortefied her selfe in Syracusa where soone after shee was beseeged by Bernard of Cabrera and his partisans and without their speedy and faithfull succours which dissallowed of his enterprises shee had beene taken Cabrera was repulst from this seege and the Queene carried to Palermo whereas hee pursued her againe hauing gathered all his forces againe together and had almost surprized her Hee still laied ambushes for her vntill at length hee himselfe was betraied by his owne men and drawne into his enemies snares who deliuered him into the hands of the Admirall Sancho Doriz who kept him some daies prisoner in great miserie in the castle of La Motte of Saint Anastase and in the end deliuered him to the Agents of King Fernand by whom hee was sent to Barcelona there to receiue the punishment of his rashnesse at the Kings pleasure but this milde and generous Prince mooued with his age and the seruices which the Princes of Arragon had receiued after that he had reprehended him sharpely he not onely set him at libertie but did assigne him an honorable ranke in his Court The troubles of Sicile being pacified by the taking of this Bernard of Cabrera Don Fernand was acknowledged for king and obeyed who gouerned it by his Lieutenants and Viceroys as other Kings of Arragon haue since done The Maiesty of this Prince was such together with his mildnesse and wisedome as without vsing the rigour of armes or any other violent constraint he caused all rebellion to cease as well in Sicile as Sardinia As for Queene Blanche widow to Martin king of Sicily who was also heire of Nauarre shee was afterwards married to the Infant Don Iohn of Arragon D. Alphonso the fifth of that name the 17. King of Arragon TO Fernand succeeded his sonne D. Alphonso surnamed the Valiant a Prince worthy of that title for his royall vertues and the famous conquests and exploites of
practises the King said that he pardoned him with all his heart and prayed God to pardon him likewise and he enquired further of him who those were which sought his life and which did set him a worke he entreated the King to send away them that stood by and then in great secrecy he told their names which could neuer after be knowne for the King neuer told it to any man liuing the next day after Iohn Carillo died of his hurts The King being at Simancas his great and mighty army stretched it selfe euen to the gates of Valiadolit where the confederats did remaine neuerthelesse the affaires were drawne out at length without any matter of note Thither came the Queene Donna Ioane with the Infant Donna Isabella who were returned from Portugall where they had obtained nothing at all for the good of Castile for notwithstanding that they had endeauored for to renew the treatie of marriage mentioned at the enterview of the-Kings at the Archbishops bridge neuerthelesse the King Don Alphonso did abhorre to marry his sonne to Donna Ioane whoe was begotten in adultery of the Queene of Castile his cosin by the Duke of Albuquerque Don Bertrand dela Cueua These things standing at a stay the King and the Marquis of Villena did see one an other and by the aduice of Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoça Marquis of Santillana and of Don Aluaro of Estuniga chiefe Iustice of Castile called and chosen on both parts it was concluded that euery man should lay by his armes and returne to his owne house and that during the truce which should continue for the space of some fiue monthes following they should treate of a peace and of the meanes how to giue content to all men but chiefely to cause the Prince Don Alphonso to renounce his royalty This was proclaimed through the campe neere to Montejo in the territory of Areualo signed and sealed by the King the Archbishop of Toledo The King knowes not how to profit himselfe by his great forces and the Marquis of Villena and vnderneath by the secretrary Garcia de Arcareso de Montdragon The King had small reason to yeeld to these things hauing an army of a hundred thousand fighting men whereas his enemies were very weake in respect of him and vnprouided of money victuals munition and other things necessary for such an enterprise but God would haue it so The King being come backe to Simancas dismissed his souldiars with liberall payment then at Medina del Campo whether hee came soone after he recompenced the Lords after this manner He gaue to D. Peco Gonçales de Mendoça Bishop of Calaorra the thirds of Guadalajara with the reuenue thereof to his brother D. Diego Hurtado de Mendoça Marquis of Santillana he gaue the towne of Saint Andrew Recompences made by the King to the Lords that followed him ioyning to the lands of his Marquisat with a yeerely pention of seuen hundred thousand Marauedis to the other brother D. Inigo de Mendoça and to Don Lorenzo de Suares Vicont of Torreja and to D. Iohu Hurâ—ado de Mendoça pensions according to their degrees to D. Lewis de la Cerde Earle of Medina Celi the City of Agreda with the territory to D. Garci Aluares de Toledo Earle of Alua Carpia with sundry places nere to Salamanca to D. Aluar Peres Osorio Lord of Villalobos and Earle of Transtamara the City of Astorga with the title of Marquis to D. Iohn de Acugna Earle of Valencia the Earldome of Prauia and Gijon with the title of Duke of Valencia to D. Pedro de Mendoça Lord of Almaçan a yeerely pention of 300000. Marauedis assigned him on the hill of Mountagu to D. Aluaro de Mendoça captaine of his men at armes the City of Requegna with the reuenue and proffit of the port and hauen thereof Other guifts and recompences did the King make to his Knights the which or at least the most part of them haue euer since remained in their families The end of the twentith Booke SEMPER EADEM THE ONE AND TVVENtith Booke of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1 COntinuance of the troubles in Castile 2 The vnworthy marriage of the Infanta Donna Isabella Agreed vpon by her brother King Henry and hindred by the sodaine and vnlooked for death of Don Pedro Giron 3 Societies of Castile vnion of the Prouinces and communalties holding together for the administration of iustice 4 Assembly at Madrid tumult in the same towne Behauiour of those of Mendoça The Marquis of Villena promoted to the Maistership of Saint Iames. Battaile of Olmedo 5 The Pope vseth all dilligence to procure the peace of Castile Censures the rebells appeale to a future Counsell The taking of Segobia The King D. Henry forsaken 6 Agreement betwixt the King and the confederate Lords Euil behauiour of Donna Ioane Queene of Castile 7 Strife for the Bishoprike of Siguença Murthers at Burgos 8 Seditions in Toledo magnanimity and equity of the Infant Don Alphonso chosen King 9 D. Alphonso de Primentel Earle of Benauent enterpriseth against his father in law Don Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena 10 Practises of those of Toledo against the Infant Don Alphonso in the behalfe of King Henry Rashnesse of the Bishop of Badajos and of Donna Maria de Silua and of that which happened 11 Death of the Infant D. Alphonso wisedome of the Infanta Donna Isabella Peace betwixt the King and the confederate Lords 12 Infamous life of Donna Ioane Queene of Castile the Lords of Mendoça practice against the peace the Infanta Donna Isabella declared Princesse of the Asturis and presumptiue heire of Castile 13 Continuance of the warres of Barcelona Renee of Aniou chosen King of Arragon by the Barcelonois Exploits of the French in Cattalonia death of the Duke of Calabria 14 Gaston Earle of Foix desirous to reigne before his time stirreth vp troubles in the Kingdome of Nauarre 15 Queene Ioane of Arragon dies and confesseth her fault 16 Gaston of Foix the younger dies at Liborna Beginning and continuance of the house of Foix. 17 Couenants betwixt King Iohn of Arragon and his daughter the Countesse of Foix heire of Nauarre 18 Assembly at Ocagna New deseignes of King Henry of Castile 19 The King of Castiles iourney into Andaluzia 20 Marriage betwixt the Infanta Donna Isabella and the Prince D. Fernand heire of Arragon Sicill Naples c. Articles and couenants of the same 21 A rash act of D. Alphonso de Aguilar against the Lords of Cabra The taking of Simancas with other outrages 22 Spanish superstitions 23 Practices pursutes and quarrels betwixt the Lords of Castile Alua erected into a Dutchy 24 Muley Alboacen King of Granado whose posterity remaineth in Spaine till this day 25 Treaty of Marriage betwixt King Henry of Castiles supposed daughter and the Duke of Guyenne brother to the French King Lewis the eleuenth Lands of Infantasgo giuen to the house of Mendoça 26 Donna Isabella Princesse of Castile disinherited King
by vertue of a grant which he obtained from Rome who was the last Maister of that order sauing one a brother of his called Don Alphonso Tellez Giron succeeded in the Lordship and Earledome of Vruena both of them remayning vnder the gouernment and protection of their vncle D. Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena These things happened in the yeer 1466. An. 1466. A Prodigie at which time there were seene in Castile such huge numbers of Storks as they did darken and hinder the light of the Sunne the which did greatly asright the people who did interpret it for a signe of misery and mishap to the kingdome In these times liued D. Roderigo Sanches of Areualo who was very familliar with Pope Paul the second and by him made captaine of the castle of Saint Angelo where he wrote an History of Spaine which at this day is common with euery man and is called the Palentine History because a Bishop of Palença was author thereof and it was dedicated to this King Henry The city of Victoria for that it had during all the troubles remained faithfull to the King did obtaine this yeere a free market once euery weeke vpon the Thursday whose priuiledge was despatched by the Secretary Pedro Arias it is one of the most frequented markets in the whole country After the Maister of Calatraua's death the troubles were a little calmed by reason that no man was resolued what to doe the Earle of Benauent acknowledging the offence which hee had committed against the King did secretly withdraw himselfe from the league and returned to his seruice the King to recompence him gaue him the towne of Portillo which hee had taken a little before his reconcilliation About the same time the Prince Don Alphonso who was termed King accompanied with the Archbishop of Toledo and many other Knights came to Portillo where being receiued hee was lodged in the castle and the others in the towne on the morrow as the Archbishop and the other Lords came to waite vpon the Prince at his rising they found the gates shut against them and they were willed to get them thence for that Don Alphonso did no longer regard their company whereat the Archbishop was greatly troubled and from that time did conceiue an extreame hatred against the Earle who had put that trick vpon him the better thereby to infinuate himselfe into the Kings fauour yet for all that the Marquis of Villena who was very wise and subtill and did desire for to maintaine the league vnited vsed diuerse meanes to reconcile them and to applie a plaister to that wound which in some sort did heale outwardly The Earle in recompence of the good seruice which hee had done to the King demaunded of him the Maistership of Saint Iames at that time vacant the which was granted to him but perswading himselfe to make vse of the Marquis of Villena's fauour who was his father in law whom he made beleeue that he was still of his side he inwardly found the contrary The continuall robberies and outrages committed ouer all Spaine by these Lords and their followers not onely suffred in the country but euen in townes and houses by reason the warres did constraine the Inhabitants of the townes and citties to make societies and fellowships to oppose themselues against these tyrants and robbers and the better to bring it to passe they drew certaine chiefe points and Articles and chose places to meet at at daies appointed the King backing and assisting them therein notwithstanding that sundry of his followers as well as of the league did goe about to hinder so proffitable an enterprise Hermandades or brotherhoods in Castile vnion of the Prouinces and communalties holding together for the administration of iustice whereby the Realme was defended from many euills it being Gods pleasure that the King should persist in his determination to maintaine his communalties and to doe Iustice which beganne to be sincerely administred The conclusions of these societies was made in the City of Tordesillas where the Deputies of all the Prouinces were assembled where that of Guipuscoa most of all shaken and troubled by the factions of the Gamboins and Ognazins did receiue the greatest benifit They did establish captaines and gouernors ouer each of them these are the Hermandades or brotherhoods as they call them who in some sort may be likened to the Prouincial prouost Marshalls in sundry places of France but that they execute their duties with greater care During the assembly at Tordesillas the King remained at Coca a towne belonging to the Archbishop of Siuill conferring with the confederates vnder the Bishops safe-conduct but there was nothing of worth concluded on so as the King returned to Segobia and the league to Areualo An other assembly Assembly at Madrid at the request of diuers was assigned at Madrid the same towne being for sixe monthes giuen to the Archbishop of Siuill to the end that euery man might come thither in safety and without suspition The King Henry the Marquis of Villena and the chiefe Lords of either faction did meet the Prince D. Alphonso remained in the meane time at Ocagna whether the Archbishop of Toledo who was reconciled to him had brought him This other conference was as frutelesse as the former The Lady Leonora Pimentell Countesse of Playsancia came to Madrid beeing called thither by both sides to mediate the peace this Lady was held to be greatly affected to King Henries seruice The Lords beeing busied about these affaires King Henry oppresseth his trusty seruants and dares not touch the rebels the Marquis beeing desirous to entertaine the troubles and to extract discord from discord went about to corrupt Pedro Arias de Auila the Kings good seruant finding him firme and constant he handled the matter so as the Archbishop of Siuill by slanderous and falce reports did excite the credulous King in such sort a-against him as he committed him to prison beeing sore hurt and caused him to bee shut vp in the base court of the castle of Madrid And not contented therewith the King went expresly to Segobia thinking there to surprise the Bishop of the same City called Don Iohn de Arias brother to Don Pedro but the Bishop hauing notice of what was done to his brother retired himselfe thence wherefore the King seeing that he was escaped dissembled his intent neuerthelesse all honest people were greatly offended to see the King without discretion to oppresse his faithfull seruants and not dare to lay hand vpon rebels The Deputies of the townes and the captaines of the communalties made meanes for Don Pedro's deliuerance which the King granted all men beeing pleased therewith except the confederates who neuer left practizing with the King till they drew him to condiscend to goe along with them to Playsance there to conferre with more ease and better commodity which beeing allowed of by diuers of his councell hee would needs depart thence with the Queene his wife the
for you At this noyse there came two friers running who moued with a monkish zeale tooke vp a Crosse and running vp and downe the streetes cried Kill kill these wicked hereticall dogges for both plague and famine will fall vpon this countrey for their impieties with which cries they stirred vp the people so as falling vpon these new Christians as they call them they slue aboue 4000 regarding the innocent no more then the offender and that which was the chiefe motiue they spoiled their goods sackt their houses and burnt many in the streetes and publike place of the citie the which the officers of Iustice could not help In the end being tired rather then glutted with killing and spoyling the tumult ceased King Manuel beeing aduertised of this excesse caused the two friers which were the authors to be apprehended and to be publikely burnt at Ebora and informations being made against the mutines and spoilers about 70 of them were most iustly hanged wherein it is strange how often they were then abused who leauing Mahumets or the Iewish impietie came into the bosome of the Romish church thinking to find a safe refuge or some mildnes and humanitie there whereas they did often make triall of the smothered hatred and crueltie of these proud and rauishing olde Christians as they call them in Spaine men truely vnfitte to draw infidelles to the healthfull Doctrine of IESVS CHRIST for this detestable example could no wayes edifie the sonne of the King of Manicongo who was sent a while after into Portugall to bee there instructed in the Romish Religion This King ruling vpon the westerne shoare of Afrike beyond the Equinoctiall was vassall and alied to the king D. Manuel the infant his sonne was named Henry and was bred vp and instructed in the Latine tongue and the sciences for the space of twelue yeeres Henry Infant of Manicongo baptized at Saint Eloy in Lisbone after the which hee returned into his countrey being accompanied by many of the monkes of S. Eloy carrying with him many ornaments seruing for the ceremonies of the Romish religion and many gifts from the King D. Manuel 14 D. Ferdinand King of Arragon for his part Castille seeking the propagation of religion following the aduice of his councell and of the diuines of Spaine gaue leaue this yeare one thousand fiue hundred and eight to some Spaniards dwelling at the Indies to search into the maine land there to conquer prouinces and people and to conuert those infidelles to the Christian religion Alphonso of Hoieda first discouerer of the firme land as the Indies by armes if they did not willingly submit themselues sending ample instructions vnto them The first that vndertooke that enterprise was Alphonso of Hojeda or Fojeda borne at Cuenea hauing dwelt long at the Indies who parting from the port of Beate of Saint Dominike with foure shippes and three hundred men came vnto Carthagena beeing followed by an other shippe in the which there should be certaine mares swine and other cattell to breed being conducted by the bacheler Martin Fernandes of Ensiso with an hundred and fiftie Spaniards Hauing landed Alphonso of Hojeda caused the Caribes a cruell and barbarous nation which inhabite that countrie to be summoned to yeeld obedience to the King D. Ferdinand and D. Ioane of Castille and to receiue the preaching of the gospel offering them peace with great priuiledges and exemptions but they making no regard of all these things Hoieda made cruell wars against them killing or making slaues all he could get according to the instruction of the diuines of Spaine He marcht about fiue leagues into the land and besieged a little borough of some one hundred houses where there might dwell some three hundred persons of these Caribes Caribes defend themselues couragiously who defended themselues in such sort with poysoned arrowes and their other armes as they slew three score and tenne Spaniards and among them Alphonso de la Cosa of Palos of Moguer in Adalusia a man expert in nauigation and lieutenant at that time to Hoieda which was a great losse and had not Diego of Nicuesa of Baesa arriued they were in daunger to haue receiued a greater losse and affront Nicuesa parting from the same port of Beata of S. Domingo had brought foure score Spaniards in seuen shippes and two brigantines Hoieda hauing ioyned with 780. did easily force the borough and burnt it with all the Indians who had no leasure nor meanes to flie of the which they retayned seuen prisoners and hauing gathered vp some little gold in the ashes of this fire these captaines diuided themselues Hoieda bending towards Vrabia and Nicuesa to Beragua 15 This was done at such time as the Christian princes made a league at Cambrie against the Venetians into the which D. Ferdinand King of Arragon and Gouernour of Castille entred Pretensions of Christian princes against the Venetians The Venetians who alwayes knew how to make their profite by other mens quarrels held Padena Vincence Verona Friuli and Treuiso which the emperour pretended The French king as duke of Millane demaunded of them Cremona Ghiaradda Brest Bergamo and Crema for the pope there was exacted the towne of Faruse Rimini Rauenna and Ceruia the King Ferdinand desired to retire the places and ports of the realme of Naples which had beene engaged vnto them by the old King D. Ferdinand of Naples for these considerations all their embassadors met there together to conclude a warre against the Venetiance but king Ferdinand had no great will to take armes against that common weale proiecting other meanes to recouer his right but to please the Emperour hee ioyned in this warre and for that there was some discontentment betwixt the king D. Ferdinand the emperour and prince Charles by reason of the gouernement of Castille it was said that there should be no speach of it vntill the end of that war There were many other particularities treated of and concluded there euery one of these princes seeking more his owne priuate interest then the good of the league in generall King Ferdinand was then at Tordesillas whither hee had accompanied his daughter the Queene D. Ioane who liued there and hauing beene a widow eight and fourty yeares ended her dayes there In May in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and nine queene Germanie wife to king Ferdinand was deliuered of a son at Vailledolit 1509 who was named Iohn but he liued not long after which this princesse had not any more children but the king her husband before he maried her had D. Alphonso of Arragon by the vicountesse of Eboli Genealogie of Arragon he was archbishop of Saragosse a prince of singuler vertue he had also D. Ioane of Arragon who was wife to the Constable D. Bernardin of Velasco and moreouer by a gentlewoman of Bilbao called D. Tota he had D. Maria of Arragon who was a nunne at Madrigal and of a lady of Portugall of the family
place called the Antique of Darien being commaunded by Vasco Nugnes of Balboa Exploits of Vasco Nugnes of Balboa they obtained of him the deliuerie of the bacheler Martin Hernandes of Enciso who could not be staied by any intreaties in that countrey to be chiefe Iustice ouer all but went presently to S. Domingo and from thence into Spaine where hee made his complaint vnto the king accusing Vasco Nugnes of much wickednesse and excesse whereupon there was a grieuous sentence pronounced against him the punishment whereof he auoyded by his great future seruices The first voyage which Vasco Nugnes made against the Indians was against a Cachique or king of that countrey called Careta lord of Coyba who hauing refused him victuals and gold was by him his troups which were 130 Spaniards assayled taken and his burrough sackt where they found three Spaniards who for villanies committed had fled from their captaine Nicuesa and had beene receiued and wel intreated by this Cachique at whose intreatie he was deliuered and held for a friend and Vasco Nugnes promised to aid him against another Cachique his enemie who was called Ponsa Being prest with hunger and want of all necessaries these Spaniards of Antique sent Samudio and Valdiuia two of their men into the island of Hispaniola to fetch them victuals and another into Spaine called Zamudio who carried the processe of the bacheler Martin Hernandes of Enciso Vasco Nugnes in the meane time went in person against the Cachique Ponsa who fled away with his people carrying all their wealth with them whereupon he went against another Cachique called Comagro whose land was not farre from the South sea for the region of Darien is but an isthmus Darien an isthmus or neck of land or a strait necke of land Vasco Nugnes contracted friendship and alliance with this Cachique for he found him mild and tractable He lodged him in a hall which was 150 paces long and 80 broad whereas he and all his Spaniards made good cheere with their victuals wine of dates and â—ther fruits after their maner and the Cachiques eldest sonne brought the weight of 4000 dragmes in gold wrought and seuentie slaues which he gaue vnto the Spaniards Coâ—etousnesse of the Spaniards somewhat checked by an Indian who seeing them through greedinesse to contend and quarell about the diuision of these things he wondred much and said vnto them That seeing they had so great a desire of gold which was but earth as for it they did thrust themselues into so great dangers and did trouble so many peaceable nations he would shew them a region not farre of and neere vnto the other sea where they should glut their couetousnesse but they must not goe with so small a troupe being necessarie to lead a thousand Spaniards thither Vasco Nugnes and Roderigo of Colmenares being verie joyfull of this aduertisement and more for that they heard him speake of another neere sea imbraced this lord who was called Panquiaco intreating him to become a Christian and that hee should goe with them the which he did willingly yeeld vnto and was baptised Charles in honour of prince Charles of Austria the heire of Spaine This region whereof Charles Panquiaco spake was called Tumanama to come vnto the which they must of necessitie passe the mountaines and woods inhabited by the Caribes cruell people and eaters of men carrying arrowes dipt in deadly poison which made them madde that were wounded therewith and therefore Vasco Nugnes returned to Antique to prouide all things necessarie for this voyage and conquest Hauing found Valdiuia returned from S. Domingo with some victuals he sent him into Spaine and with him 15000 dragmes of gold for the kings fift part of diuers booties which they had taken giuing him charge to beseech the king to send a thousand Spaniards for the conquest of the South sea But Valdiuia miscarried by the way he and all his treasure being drowned In the meane time Vasco Nugnes with a brigantine and many barkes began to saile into the gulph of Vraba to seeke for victuals and finding a great riuer which he called S. Iohn he went ten leagues vp against the streame but he found not any man for all were fled vp into the countrey hauing bin terrified with the crueltie and insatiable couetousnesse of the bearded Spaniards as they called them by Cemaco the Cachique who had beene vanquished by Martin Hernandes Enciso yet the Spaniards forraged the countrey neere vnto the riuers sides and made great bundels of arrowes and other armes nets couerings and other Indian implements the which afterwards they cast into the sea for that in their returne they were taken with a storme carrying away the value of seuen thousand Castillans in gold but nothing that could satisfie hunger for these people in truth were poore and liued only of fishing exchanging their fish with their neighbours for Mays Roderigo Henriques of Colmenares running vp along the riuers side with seuentie companions returned without bread or any other victuals but he brought much Casse-fistula which he found growing in those regions in great aboundance Hauing joyned againe with Balboa they entred into the mouth of a floud which they called the blacke riuer where they were to incounter a Cachico called Abenamaquer whom they defeated and tooke prisoner whose arme a villanous Spaniard cut off in cold bloud for that he had been wounded during the skirmish Colmenares remaining there with this Cachico and the moitie of the Spanish troupes Balboa with the rest past on came vnto a place where as he found a building made vpon great old trees much like vnto a cage to keepe birds in there a Cachico kept who thinking himselfe to be in a safe place inexpugnable they mockt at the Spaniards who were on the ground did summon theÌ„ to yeeld but when as they saw them begin to ouerthrow the foundation of his palace with axes he came downe with two of his sonnes and presented himselfe humbly to Balboa excusing himselfe that hee had not any gold whereof he had no need but promised that he would goe and seeke some if he would suffer him at libertie Balboa trusting him let him goe free but he was deceiued For this Cachico falsifying his faith consorted with other Cachicoes and their people in great numbers who fell vpon the Spaniards but to their owne losse for they were repulst with the losse of many Indians Not content with this insolencie the Cachicoes about the blacke riuer and that gulph conspired to assaile the Antique of Darien suddenly with all their power and to kill the Spaniards and eat them The which was discouered to Vasco Nugnes by a faire Indian woman whom he entertained as his friend who had beene aduertised to free her selfe of this danger by a brother of hers who was of the conspiracie and for her sake did frequent familiarly among the Spaniards Vasco Nugnes of Balboa caused this Indian to be taken hauing vnderstood
others Lewis coâ—t Palatin allied to the king and some to giue the authoritie to the Infant D. Ferdinand many gaue their voyces to the Chancellor Sauâ—age As for Maximilian he was ingaged in the warres of Italie to aduance Ferdinand that was not safe nor conuenient and it had beene alwayes their care which loued the peace and vnion of these two brethren that the Infant should be neerely lookt vnto least that mutines should make him their shield The cont Palatin was held fit yea to take charge of the Infant the which did not altogether displease the cardinall for he had desired euer since the death of the Catholike king to remoue such from about him as in his opinion had bred him vp ill yet he desired rather not to obey any one to which end he writ to the king Cardinall Ximenes cannot endure a companion in the gouernment of Castille beseeching him not to send any into Spaine with whom he must alwayes quarell but rather to giue him leaue to retire to his diocesse where hee would looke to his owne priuat affaires and liue religiously in rest for he did foresee that the enuie of some and the couetousnesse of many would alwayes seeke to crosse his good designes and resolutions to serue the commonweale they tending to no other end but to cause some great tumult in Spaine wherein he desired not to be ingaged but rather to looke on a farre off aduertising him that the onely remedie of these inconueniences was to commit the affaires to his tried faith and to relie onely vpon him not suffering any Fleming nor any of his Councell a farre off no not himselfe vntill he were at age to meddle in Spaine with the prouision of Estates and order of justice with gouernments of prouinces leuying of the kings money nor with garrisons of frontires and their commaunders but onely retaine vnto himselfe the disposition of bishoprickes being void commaunderies and benefices of knights of militarie orders and to vse his royall bountie with good measure Cardinall Ximenes will diuide the royall authoritie betwixt the king and himselfe his cardinall diuiding betwixt the king and him the royall soueraigntie the which euerie man of judgement thought expedient considering his constant resolution to maintaine justice and right in all things adding still this concluding reason For that said he the Flemings vnderstand nothing in our affaires in Spaine and that the king by reason of his tender age cannot vndergoe so great a burthen full of care and trouble By reason whereof he caused himselfe to be so hated as many Councels were held against him and without doubt his dayes were shortened The courteors dissembled expecting but an opportunitie to tumble him from this high degree in the which hee maintained himselfe inuincible against their wills who writ vnto him That hee should continue to doe well assuring him that they would assist him with all their meanes and solicite the kings passage into Spaine aduising him for the effecting thereof to send a good armie of ships well furnished into Flanders This voyage was much prest by the Emperour Maximilian as most necessarie and therefore he came to Brâ—ssels to see the king and to conferre with him fearing least his long stay there would cause some alteration in the State comparing those people being moued to a colt which being stung with a hornet kickes at euerie one sparing not his owne damme This conference put the cardinall into a jealousie writing to monsieur de Cheures That the enteruiew of great men did neuer bring profit neither to themselues nor to their affaires prouing it by many examples and great reasons The Spaniards seeing that the time past away in vaine hopes of their princes comming they began to make conuenticles and to runne into the course but by another way of former seditions For sayed they the Flemings not able to forbeare to meddle with the affayres of Spaine whereof they had made shew not to care they leaue vs not any estate Greedinesse of the Flemings gouerning king Charles charge nor benefice but it is sold to them that will giue most and prophaned by vnworthie men The great treasures of the realme gathered together and religiously preserued by cardinall Ximenes for the kings comming are spoyled by strangers and transported out of Spaine the which is not tollerable to a free nation well affected to the honour and greatnesse of their prince and to the publicke good They of Burgos Leon Vailledolit and all that countrey of Spaine being incensed with these complaints and quarels they appointed a day to resolue on some remedies for these great disorders or how they might withstand the greedinesse of the Flemish courteors Many thought it fit to persuade the king to chase all Flemings from about him and to take Spaniards in their places such as were vnderstanding men to counsell him Others sayed That besides the difficultie to obtaine it it was to bee feared the Spaine would in short time be as corrupt as the rest and more cunning in their villanies holding that the best course to restraine the couetousnesse of courteors by a publike decree by the which power should be taken from the king to giue the estates offices or benefices of Spaine to strangers Demaunds of the townes of Spaine That there should be no readie money câ—rried out of the countrey without great cause and that no necessarie money for the kings house should be sent by cardinall Ximenes without consent of the townes Many other things of this kind were then propounded profitable in truth for the publike but derogating somewhat from the authoritie and Maiestie royall for thereby they did open a gate vnto the people to commit great insolencies the which they found by experience after the death of cardinal Ximenes who moderating what he could the peoples heat could not preuent the decrees of these assemblies for the publike good some gouernors consenting thereunto and signing them as D. Pedro of Castille at Burgos and others yet the Leonnois could neuer induce D. Frederic of Zamora their gouernour to consent vnto such decrees whereof the towne and Comminalties did afterwards aduertise the cardinall and the kings Councell sending deputies to treat with them of the affaires of the commonweale afflicted and to intreat them to appoint a place and time for a generall assemblie to that end The cardinall and the Councell knew well that the desire of the townes was just yet they sought to moderate them Cardinall and Councell fauour the Spaniards demaunds against the Flemings fearing some popular tumults persuading them to forbeare an assemblie vntill they had more certaine newes of the kings comming who they vnderstood made preparation to imbarke speedily In the meane time they did aduertise the king of all that had past excusing the Spaniards for that they did not in any sort doubt of the kings good will and judgement to know that all the admonitions counsels which they gaue
del Campo with a good number of horse to bring the artilery which was kept in the storehouse of that town he found such resistance as he was forced partly through choler partly by a stratagem of war to set fire in diuers parts of the town to the end he might draw the people who were earnest to defend the artillery to go saue their houses which were on fire but their obstinacie was such as they had rather suffer their goods to be burnt then abaÌ„don the artillery to Fonseca who was forced to returne without it so vpon this occasion they of Medina ioyned with the league In which towne there was great store of merchaÌ„dise of all sorts mouables other riches of inestimable value burnt The conspirators hauing put their army of field seised vpon Tordesillas where Q. Ioane being distract kept Tordesillas taken by the conspiratorâ— her they saluted for their Q. gaue her a gard of 300 priests leuied by the Bish. of Zamora in his dioces whom he commanded to sweare and renounce God to looke like souldiers and if hee did see any one that did handle his portaise hee would beate him with a cudgell The emperor being aduertised of all these miseries hee wrote vnto the Admirall D. Frederic Henriques which was then in Cattelogne to take the charge of gouernor with the rest to seek by all means to pacifie those troubles D. Frederic ioyned with the gouernors with equall â—uthority did what he could to pacifie al notwithstanding that the Confederats had taken and spoiled Vruegna Tordehumes and Villabrassica lands belonging vnto him had sackt his brothers palace committed other indignities in contempt of him and to his preiudice yet notwithstanding hee went and sent diuers times to the rebells but the disease required a sharper remedy for in trueth there was no more any question to reforme abuses and correct the faults of the common weale all were now growen into a furie to ouerthrow the estate As for the noblemen and knights their owne greedy desires had thrust them into armes D. Pedro Giron would be duke of Medina Sidonia and win his cause by the sword D. Iohn de Padilla promised to himselfe the mastership of S. Iaques others hauing priuat quarrelles would be reuenged and spoyle their enemies and as for the Townes if their first motion had some lawfull cause 1520 their manner of proceeding and their forme of demaunding had spoyled all and made them and their cause odious wherefore the war beganne to grow hote Iohn de Padilla and Iohn Braâ—o being come to Villapanda with part of the forces of the League it seemed to the emperors captaines that an opportunitie was offered to recouer Todesillas and to deliuer Queene Ioane who was held as a prisoner by the rebels the which succeeded well without anie great losse or difficultie Tordesill as recouered for the place was not strong There were many of the seditious taken there Tordesillas was sackt yea the Queene and her seruants lodgings yet all was restored vnto them againe It is written that when they battred the towne a priest of the bishop of Zamoras being behind a loop hole slew 11 men with his peece and to discharge himselfe somewhat of this guilt or to giue some ease to his soule at whom he aimd at euery shot he made a crosse with his harquebuze In the end this priest was slaine with an arrow After this prize the Constable and the Admirall who were commaunders for the emperour marched against the enemies who went towards Toro with an intent to ioyne with their other confederats who had gathered togither a rable of 8000 rascalls out of the townes and diocesse of Zamora Battell of Villa Lara and defeat of the rebells but they were ouertaken neere vnto Villa Lara and fought with where notwithstanding that they had great numbers of men and that Padilla and Brauo performed the parts of valiant and hardy captaines yet they were defeated and taken This defeat pacified all tumults and made them all more quiet The confederate cities laboured euery one apart to returne into fauour and did easily obtayne pardon yea the city of Burgos before this rout had left the societie of the rest The bishop of Zamora hearing of the defeat of his companions Punishment of rebells thought to escape but he was staied in Nauarre and afterwards strangled D. Iohn of Padilla and Iohn Brauo were condemned to loose their heads D. Maria wife to Iohn of Padilla fell into the like miserie a woman of a great courage but deceiued by the false predictions of diuines and sorcerers whom she beleeued their palace at Toledo by the same sentence was ruined and the soyle sowen with salt and therein a pillar erected for a perpetuall memorie of their rebellion D. Pedro Giron who had left the other conspirators by the persuasion of his friends and kinsmen whereof the Constable was the chiefe was confined to Oran with many other knights Many men of lesse note felt the rigor of Iustice and many also were pardoned Thus ended the ciuile warre and sedition in Spaine which grew by reason of the excesse and violent gouernement of the Flemings who suffered the Spaniards to end it whilest that they were Iudges of their punishments and rewardes for that the emperour was gouerned by their councell 15 Whenas this rebellion in Castille happened Nauarre the gouernours finding themselues weake and ill prouided of many things they were forced to vse the souldiers which were in the garrisons of Nauarre and to draw many peeces of ordonance out of Pampelone and places of that realme which gaue occasion to some well affected to the house of Albret and Foix and to Henry of Albret the true heire of that realme to haue secret intelligences in Bearn and in Fraunce in whose fauour king Francis sent Andrew of Foix Lord of Asperraut or Esparre yonger brother to Odeâ— of Foix Lord of Lautrech who being receiued by them of the faction of Gramont tooke the castle of Saint Iohn de Pied de Port Pampelone abandoned by the Castillans wherefore D. Anthonie Manrique Duke of Nagera finding himselfe surprized the city of Pampelone beginning also to mutine he left it and returned into Castille abandoning his house to the sacke of the people 16 At that time there was in Nauarre following armes Inigo of Loyola the first author of the Iesuits an obstinate enemy to the house of Albret who whenas the viceroy Maurique dislodged Beginning of the Iesuites remained in the castle of Pampelone in garrison with the other souldiers of the emperour It hapned that this castle being assailed by the people there was a canon shot made by them of the towne at a certaine place whereas this man had both his feet so bruised with stones which the bullet had scattred as hee fell from the top of the castle to the bottome but being ordained for an instrument to this new
the Moorish nation dwelling in the mountaines Moores plaines and valleyes and in some of the good townes in the countries of Granado and Murcia which was by reason of the contempt they were in with the naturall Spaniards Causes of the rebellion of the Moores of Granado whom they call old Christians among whom they liued in continual vexation especially by the Clergie and officers of the Inquisition and also by them of the Iustice which was not equally distributed vnto them But that whereof they most complained was the kings Edict whereof we haue made mention tending to alter their manners their apparell and their language whereof the President D. Pedro de Desa was appointed to see the execution with the assistance of the Gouernour Domingo Lope de Mendosa marquesse of Mondejar and the aduice of the Auditors Counsellers of the Chancerie in th◠Parliament of Granado and of the Archbishop if need were wherein they found no small difficultie To begin therefore by gentlenesse the President gaue charge to Alphonso de Horosco Chanon of S. Sauior which is a Collegiall Church in the quarter of Albayzin of the citie of Granado beeing in a manner wholly inhabited by Moores to persuade them to receiue the Edict yea to demaund it themselues but hauing imparted some copies vnto them they reiected it sending vnto the President and Gouernour George de Bacsa Proctor general of that nation and Francis Nugnes Muley a knight one of the most auncient among them to intreat them to deferre the publication of the Edict vntill they had acquainted the king with their reasons and the inconueniences that might growe by the execution thereof But notwithstanding all their sayings and allegations the Edict was proclaimed the first of Ianuarie 1567 and to shew the diligence of officers all the baths and hot-houses of the citie were instantly forbidden and most of them beaten downe yet they vsed some moderation for that during the yeare 1567 there were not any penalties leuied of them that did infringe it In the meane time they sent their deputies to Court where by the meanes of some noble men they procured audience of the Councell and there were some of opinion that if they would haue the Edict stand in force the execution should be suspended as it beene in the time of the Emperour Charles and of his mother 〈…〉 The Cardinall of Espinosa was of another opinion and brought all the rest to concurre with him which was that the Edict should bee speedily executed in all points and the penalties exacted vpon them that should not obey There was among the new Christians some that were descended of the blood of the auncient kings of the Moores the which were honoured in Spaine well respected in Court among which D. Alphonso of Granado Venegas laboured by good perswasions to hinder this rash execution but he was willed to desist for such was the kings pleasure So as all the Moores of the citie townes and mountaines of Alpuxarra of the boroughs and villages towards the Sea were brought to despaire apprehending this strange alteration euen in their language habites which persuaded thē that they were thereby reduced into seruitude and confusion of their houses and families for this nation is verie curious to keep remembrances and registers of their families as by a tradition of their ancestors after the maner of the Arabians and Iewes And then beganne to appeare the distrust they had of them all the Moores hauing beene commaunded by proclamation to keepe themselues within their dwellings and parishes and for all them that were come out of the villages into the Albayzin to depart the which was grieuous vnto them for that the inhabitants of that place being most Marchants and Artisans they had need of many labourers and workemen for their ordinarie works which they did vsually draw out of the Countrey and of their owne nation They saw that the marquesse of Mondejar had leuied 300 souldiers for the safetie said he of the towne and to haue better assurance of the Moores residing there if anie one of them did owe anie thing he was presently subiect to arrest and in like maner they that were cautions for any other and by this means the prisons were full The officers of justice vnder colour of seeking for such as hauing no meanes to pay were retired into the villages and mountains they entred into the houses where they said they were hidden cōmitted many insolencies yea they sought out old actiōs for the which the Moores had compounded with their parties and drew them into new suites Finally as soone as they heard that this Edict was resolued in court this nation was so basely respected by all the old Christians both clergie and others as euerie man presumed to vex oppresse them esteeming them no better than bruit beasts wherfore seeing themselues reduced to that miserable estate worse than if they had bin common slaues yet fearing worse they concurred all in one mind to reuolt Those of the Albayzin who had more to loose incited the rest to begin they expected meanes from them of the Albayzin and councel how they should behaue themselues for they were men of vnderstanding ciuill and better experienced in the world than the inhabitants of the mountaines whereas the force lay but they needed councel yea there did ordinarily cōuerse among them thieues banished men and such as were condemned by justice who desired nothing more than to see some disordered seditiō There was a bold audacious Moore dwelling in the Albayzin his name was Farrax Aben Farrax a dier by his trade yet he said he was descended frō the Abenxaraces sometimes famous knights among the Granadins This man was as a trumpet to stirre vp the rest Farrax Aben Farrax first motiue of sedition he went came to the mountaines townes villages where the Moores dwelt carried them aduice and aduertisements how they should gouerne themselues in a generall reuolt which was intended the 1. of Ianuarie 1568 the same day that the city of Granado had bin yeelded vp to the kings D. Ferdinand and D. Isabella but being impatient to attend he called before the time a troup of thieues disguised after the Turkish maner made them to enter into the Albaizin by certain places where the walls were low ful of holes on Christmas eue at night when making a great noise he awaked them shewing an ensigne displaied inuiting thē to come with their armes into the street for the time said he is come that we must shew our selues men of courage for that there were a good number of Turks arriued in Alpuxarra which were come to fauor them out of Barbarie This alarme did trouble all the other quarters of the town for that they were in jealousie touching the execution of the Edict for otherwise they had not bin moued being no strange thing to heare a noise in the Albaizin the Moores being accustomed to make
carried their wiues at the comming of the English They had drawne many Indians vnto them all bow-men with poysoned arrowes them they had placed in corners of aduantage so as if they did but breake the skinne of any one he dyed The armie stayd here sixe weekes and burnt the out-parts of it but in the end there was a composition made by the which they should pay an hundred and ten thousand duckets for the ransome of the rest They had beene aduertised of this Fleet 20. daies before their arriuall which had made them fortifie in that manner for their defence and to conueygh away their wealth Hauing made this composition they left the towne and lodged in an Abbey within a quarter of a mile of it demanding a new composition for it and a fort which stood at the mouth of the harbor but not able as they sayd to ransome the fort it was blowne vp From thence the Fleet went to Cape Saint Anthony and then to the Cape of Florida where they found a fort held by the Spaniards the which vppon their approach they abandoned They found in it thirteene peeces of brasse Ordinance and a chest of some 2000. pounds sterling to pay the Kings Garrison which consisted of a hundred and fiftie men This fort was called Saint Iohns from whence they went vp the maine riuer to a towne called S. Augustines And then the Fleet returned into England They tooke in this action 200. peeces of brasse Ordinance and 40. of Iron In Saint Iago two or three and fiftie peeces In S. Domingo foure score whereof most was Cannon Demi-cannon Culuerin and such like In Carthagena sixtie three peeces and in Saint Augustines fort fourteene the rest was Iron Ordinance There was such excesse in their styles and in their speaking and writing one vnto another as vpon petition made vnto the King he made an Edict and set downe a forme what termes they should vse both in their speaking and writing as followeth Pragmatica or an Edict In the which is set downe a forme which is to be kept and obserued in their entertainments and courtesies of word and writing and in carrying of Coronets vpon their Armes DOn Philip by the Grace of God King of Castile Leon Arragon the two Sicilies Ierusalem Portugall Nauarre Granado Toledo Valencia Gallicia Maiorca Seuile Sardinia Cordoua Corsica Murcia Iaen the Algarues Algezire and Gibraltar of the Ilands of the Canaries of the East and West Indies and the Ilands and firme land of the Ocean sea Arch-duke of Austria Duke of Bourgondie Brabant and Milan Earle of Ausbourg Flanders Tirol and Barcelona Lord of Biscay Molina c. To the Prince Don Philip our most deere and welbeloued Sonne and to the Infanta's Prelates Dukes Marquises Earles Barons Priors of Orders Commaunders and sub-Commaunders Captaines of Castles and places of strength and to those of our Councell Presidents and Iustices of our Courts Commissioners and Prouosts of our House Court and Chancerie and to all Corrigidors Assistants Gouernours chiefe Iâ—stices c. and to all other our Officers and naturall subiects of what estate preheminence or dignitie soeuer they be or may be in all the citties townes places and Prouinces of our Realmes and Seigniories both present and to come and to euery one of you whom the contents of this our Edict may concerne health and peace You shall vnderstand that at the sute of the Atturneys of Courts of the Citties and Townes of these our Realmes we haue beene forced to prouide a necessarie and conuenient remedie concerning the disorder and abuse which is in the entertainements by word and writing the excesse whereof was growne so great and come to passe as it had caused some inconueniences and daily more might be expected if it were not reformed and reduced to some good auncient order seeing that true honour doth not consist in vanities or titles giuen by word or writing but in greater matters whereunto these do neither adde nor diminish And hauing often treated thereof with our Councell Wee haue ordayned as followeth in this our present Edict First although it be not necessarie to treate herein of our selfe nor of the persons of Kings yet to the end that it may be the better obserued and kept which doth concerne them We will and command that from hencefoorth on the toppe of the letter or paper that shall be written vnto vs there shall bee no other title put but Seignior or My Lord nor in the end of the letter any thing but God preserue the person of your Catholike Maiestie nor the subscription below any thing but his name that writes it and vpon the superscription there shall be onely set To the King our Lord. That to the Princes heires and successors of these our Realmes they shall write in the same forme changing only Maiestie into Highnes and that of King into Prince and in the end of the letter God preserue your Highnesse The same forme and style shall be obserued with the Queenes of these our realmes as with their Kings and likewise with the Princesses of the sayd Queenes as with their Princes That the Infants and Infanta's of these our Realmes shall onely haue the title of Highnesse In the top of the letter they shall write My Lord and in the end God keepe your Highnesse without any other ceremonie and vppon the Superscription To my Lord the Infant D. N. or To my Lady the Infanta Donna N. Wherefore when they do speake or write Highnesse without any other addition it is onely to bee vnderstood of the Prince the heire and successor of these our Realmes Declaring that it is not our will nor intent that the contents of this Edict shall extend to Donna Maria the Empresse my most deare and welbeloued sister although she be an Infanta of Castile beeing certaine that she is to be called and written Maiestie and vpon the superscription To my Ladie the Empresse and her sonnes brothers to the Emperour our most deare and welbeloued Nephew shall haue the same titles that are giuen to the Infants of these Realmes and in like manner to the Arch-dukes his Vncles That to the sonnes-in-law and brothers-in-law of the kings of these Realmes shall be giuen the same titles that their wiues haue and daughters in law to the sayd Kings shall be vsed like vnto their husbands And as for the entertainment which the sayd royall persons are moreouer to haue our meaning is not to innouate any thing of that which hath beene accustomed That the style vsed in the petitions which are presented to our Councell and in the other Councels Chanceries and Tribunals and the words which they vse when they are in Councell shall be obserued as hath beene hitherto vnlesse it be contrarie to this our prouision and on the toppe they may set Most mightie Lord and no more That in the signing of all our letters scedules and prouisions our Secretaries shall set By the King our Lord in the stead of
held him vnworthy to conferre with her The which did wonderfully discontent Perez not daring to mooue her therewith for that he held himselfe bound vnto her seruice for the fauours he had receiued from her And seeing that by their reiterated complaints notwithstanding the Kings promise in the faith of a Knight they pursued him with all violence he besought the King at the least to do him this fauour that hee might retire himselfe The king finding himselfe wronged on both sides by the Princesse for that she would not reconcile her selfe with Vasques as hee had commanded and with Perez for that he would retire himselfe After that hee had consulted with his Confessor and with the Earle of Barayas he caused the Princesse and Perez to be committed to prison vpon a coulour that by this imprisonment hee should force them to bee reconciled the King himselfe beeing a spectator of this apprehension made by his commandement the which was in the yeare 1579. The next day the King sent to visit Perez wife and to comfort her wishing her not to be troubled for her husband Hee in like manner sent his Confessor to visit Perez seeming to haue a care that hee should be well intreated After that he had beene detained some moneth in prison hee sent him with a certaine guarde home to his house where he commanded Perez that he should sweare to Don Roderigo Manuel by the faith of a Gentleman that he would continue friend with Vasques Perez remitting his splene yet hauing the knife neere his throte yeelded therevnto and so continued in his house bearing the charge thereof vntill the yeare 1585. and receiuing no allowance nor fee. At the end of which time to the end the blind should not see any thing hee was with other Secretaries put to the Visita which is a lawe to examine the actions of such as they meane to intrap La visita in Spaine is the law of fisiing The charges of this Visita were more honourable to Perez then hurtfull They did consist of two points the one concerning the Kings secrets whereof hee aduertised the King for that he would not discouer them seeing that they meant to force him thervnto hauing alwayes faithfully acquit himselfe in keeping them in his bosome as the King had trusted him Hee in like manner informed the Confessor shewing vnto him for his discharge a writing of the Kings owne hand wherevpon the Confessor did forbid him to purge himselfe by his Kings writing wherevnto he obayed for that he would not diuulge his secrets suffering himselfe to bee condemned in a fine of thirty thousand Ducats suspension of his office two yeares imprisonment and then to be banished eight yeares The which Perez endured by the perswasions and goodly promises of this Father Confessor This condemnation was made by the strangest Act that hath beene seene whereof the Councell had no knowledge neither was it signed nor any iudiciall sentence pronounced The Act beeing insinuated to Perez being lead from his house to the Castle his goods before seazed on were freed Trick of a false Monke and it was told him that hee should not performe the said Act so as hee would deliuer the papers and Instructions which hee had written vnto the King and from the King to him that by this meanes hee might wholy discharge the King and lay all vppon Perez owne head wherein consisted the end of their proceeding For there were yet two secret points in the sentence the one was they would make Perez guilty of Escouedos death the other that hee had no meanes to complaine of force and violence in his Country of Arragon besides an accusation of ten thousand Ducats wherewith they charged him whereof by many liuely reasons and by a note of the Kings owne hands hee was discharged Which note hauing beene deliuered into the Confessors hand hee read and retained it and afterwards denyed the hauing it When they came to execute the said Acte Perez thinking to preuent it fled into a Church for liberty fearing that his enemies would murther him in prison from whence notwithstanding hee was drawne but hauing obtained a sentence to his aduantage this execution was stopt Notwithstanding hee was afterwards taken againe and carried to the Castle of Turnegano where hee was cruelly intrested by one Torres of Auila a Licentiat who kept him ninety dayes in Irons from the sight of his wife and children who were in like manner committed to prison to the end they should not demand Iustice as the wife had done once at Lisbone vppon the Kings promising by the faith of a Knight the which was done to the end they might the better come to the Kings papers and her husbands which this Friar Diego Chanes hunted so after knowing how much they did import to free the King To attaine vnto the which hee had already written two letters by the meanes of the Earle of Barayas President of Castile to Perez wife sending her word that there was no other meanes to see her husband in liberty then in yeelding vp the sayd papers and in so dooing that both shee and her husband should bee deliuered out of prison wherevnto shee resisted couragiously refusing statly to giue them So as in the end her husband did write a note vnto her with his owne bloud so straightly was he kept that she should deliuer them the which she did yet by a diuine instinct shee reserued some sending them in two cofers to the said Confessor beeing at Monzon with the Keyes the which were deliuered into the Kings owne hands by him that had charge of the cofers by the deliuerie of which papers the Lady onely was set at liberty At the Kings retnrne from Monzon the papers beeing read Perez was somewhat inlarged in the towne of Madrid but not without a further meaning for the space of foure moneths hauing leaue to bee visited and the weeke before Easter to go to Masse but this was a short ioy for Escouedos sonne came to renew his old complaint and Perez was againe sent to the Castle to prison and soone after hee was called into the Court where beeing examined vpon this complaint hee continued faithfull and constant vnto the King refusing to declare any thing according to his commandements and promises aduertising him notwithstanding what the euent might be of such kinde of proceedings but all was in vaine for it was ordred that hee should answer within ten dayes vnto the cheife points of a processe which had lasted ten yeares At this examination the Confessor aduised him to confesse Escouedos murther but not to declare the motiues and reasons which Perez did not approoue But rather to the end the King might bee discharged to compound with Escouedos children who were the parties interressed the which was effected at Perez charge for twenty thousand Ducats and it was presently paid All this did not serue the turne for the President Roderigo Vasques a Kinsman to Escouedo seeing that
escaped fell with all his troopes vppon the realme of Arragon to punish them of Saragoça There was a petition presented against him and his armie by the whole body of the realme of Arragon to the end that the Iustice Maior according to their ancient priuiledges should take armes to repulse the attempts of Don Alonso According to the which by a decree of seuenteene the Iustice with the whole realme fell to Armes distributed the Offices of warre leuied men and brought Saint Georges Standerd to field an vsuall thing in such cases and so marcht in good order out of Saragoça but with bad successe for that the Captaines traitors to their Country basely fearing the forces of Don Alonso retiring themselues abandoned their companies so as the armie of Arragon came to nothing euery one slipping away through the treachery of a Maister Inquisitor who aduertised the King how many men there were who were their Commanders and Captaines with their names and surnames and the meanes how to defeate them To vnderstand the reasons of the Arragonois to the end it may not be held a rebellion lightly vndertaken without cause or an alteration without ground It shall be good for the better knowledge of the matter to relate briefly the estate condition and beginning of the realme of Arragon Since the generall losse of Spaine which hapned vnder King Roderigo by the meanes of Cont Iulian for that he had defloured his daughter Caba The Moores or Sarazins held Spaine long without either King or Lord. In the end the realme of Arragon freed it selfe from the power of the Moores and the Arragonois made themselues their owne Maisters and Lords not acknowledging any particular Prince and without any Soueraignty but their owne So as beeing weary of their rest and liberty they required as the children of Israell did sometimes to Samuel to haue a King and therein they demanded the Popes aduice who answered them as Samuel had done the Israelits But seeing they desired to haue a King he did wish them to prescribe him lawes and conditions and ouer him a Soueraigne Iudge with assistants to bridle his ambition The Arragonois gaue credit to this Councell and before they would choose them a King they erected the dignity and preheminence of El Iusticia of Arragon which is a Soueraigne Iudge aboue the King with seuenteene Assistants And they made a law which was called the Lawe of manifestation for the preseruation of the Vassals right against the out-rages and oppressions of the mighty be hee King Prince or other Iudge Which law with other Statutes and Ordonances together with their Priuiledges are to be seene Printed vnder the Kings royall authority and haue continued many hundred yeares to the honor and reputation of their Kings and especially of Don Ferdinand of Arragon surnamed the Catholicke who would not giue eare being come to the crown of Castile by D. Isabella his wife to the bad councell which the Spaniards gaue him tending to the abolishing of the said priuiledges saying So long as the two ballances of the King and realme shall be in a iust Counterpese Saying of Don Ferdinand King of Arragon the king and realme shall continue and flourish together but if one of the Scales seeke to weigh downe the other the one or the other will fall to ruine or it may bee both together Moreouer the Arragonois made a law of vnion consisting in two points worthy the knowledge for the cleering of this present discourse The one is that whensoeuer the king shall breake their lawes they may choose an other For you must vnderstand that they do not sweare vnto their Kings but conditionally in these termes Nes que valemos tanto come vos ' y vos tanto come nos oz hazemo nuestro Rey y Sennor contal que nos gardeys nuestros fueros y libertades sy no no. And hee must humble himselfe vpon his knee bare-headed before the Soueraigne Iudge which is El Iusticia and sweare first and then the Arragonois after him Manner of the King of Arragons othe The second point of this vnion is that the Princes and Noblemen of the realme may make leagues and confederations against their King in case of oppression or of breach of their priuiledges And vpon these conditions they did choose their first King who was a Knight of Arragon called Garci Ximenes and after him three or foure But this election continued not long for the King D. Pedro called with the Poignard desiring to make the realme succesiue and hereditarie insisted in an assembly of the Estates to disanull this law of election the which in the end was granted by the foure members of the realme reseruing all their other rights and priuiledges but that the which he did willingly accept and after this Accord made holding the Charter of this Election in his hand he drew out his Poynard and cut it in peeces saying these words Que tal suero y fuero dy poder eligir Rey los vassallos sangre de Rey auia de costar and withall stab'd himselfe through the hand from which time the King was called Don Pedro with the Poynard as his effigie is to bee seene at this day in the royall hall of the deputation in the towne of Saragoça whereas all the Kings his successors are vnto Philip the second last deceased By vertue of the law of vnion and of their priuiledges the Arragonnois tooke Armes this yeare 1592. prooceeding thus iustly in their businesse the chiefe Iustice causing the sentence to be insinuated to Don Alonso de Vargas by two Notaries and two Vshers who hauing made their infinuation vnto him vpon the penalty of body and goods they returned freely to Saragoça Of which thier proceeding may appeare by the Commission giuen to Don Iohn de la Nuca chosen Generall of the armie signed by El Iusticia by the Abbot of Piedra Lewis Nauarre Ihon Lewis of Marcuello Don Iohn de Luna Ieronimo de Oro and others and the Realme Wherefore all things being thus ordred according vnto law and past by the Iustice and Soueraignty the Preachers in their Pulpits and the Priests in their Confessions exhorted the people to do it yea a Secretary of the Inquisition signed the resolution of the realme as well grounded The Army of Arragon beeing thus dispersed and come to nothing as wee haue sayd before that Don Alonso entred into Saragoça the King wrote goodly letters to diuerse of the chiefe Noblemen of the Realme as Don Alonso did in like manner to giue some coulour to his bloudy exploite saying that it was to goe into France and swearing that it was the least of his thoughts to doe them any harme yea that hee was a better Arragonois then any one of them Vpon these letters he was suffered to enter freely with his armie into Saragoça hauing lodged his men hee began to imprison all men whom hee pleased Noblemen Knights Gentlemen Lawyers Marchants and Bourgesses of all
and complaints that come from the Indies by way of appellation All which things they impart vnto the king They also appoint Visitors to goe into those Prouinces to eâ—amine how al Officers carrie themselues and to heare the peoples greeuances and they punish or dismisse as they shall see cause The Councell of Orders The Councell of Orders It hath a President and foure Counsellours with wages hich must be Knights of the Order of Saint Iames Calatraua or Alcantara In this Councell they treat of suits which happen in Prouinces belonging vnto these orders and to see that the Knights weare their habits neatly This Councell appoints two and twentie Iustices in their Prouinces wherewith the royal Councell hath not to deale They punish the Commanders and knights which obserue not their orders They dispose of many Benefices Vicarages Chappels and other Offices in the Prouinces of their Orders but all with the kings priuitie and allowance The Councell which they call de Camera Councell de Camera It hath a President and three Counsellors of the most ancient of the Councell Royall which haue no wages In this Councell they prouide superiour officers for the Realme and they dispose of Bishopricks Chanonries and other Ecclesiastical liuings the king hauing the nomination from the Pope of Rome The Councell of Hazienda Councell of Hazienda where there is a President and three Counsellors without fees wherein they treat of the kings reuenues and of all dueties entries accompts like vnto our Exchequer in England There is a Counsell of accompts Councell of Accompts which consists of foure Counsellours in the which two of the kings chiefe Auditours haue place and the most ancient Counsellor presides In this councell they determine of â—utes touching the subsidies and taxes and giue order to Collectors for recouerie thereof The Councel of Cruzada Councell of the Cruzada It hath a President two Counsellours and three Anditours Their charge is onely to diuide the Cruzado by the bishopricks and to send forth Commissaries to gather it The Councell of Arragon Councell of Arragon Valentia and Cattalognia It hath a President who is called Vicechancellour with sixe Counsellours which haue wages They treat of the gouernment of those Realmes and of the Ilands of Maiorca Minorca Sardinia they appoint gouernors and Iudges and determine suits from those places by way of appeale and heare their greeuances and to giue rewards in the kings chamber of those realmes all with his Maiesties approbation The Councell of the Inquisition Councell of the Inquisition The President is called Inquisitor Maior an Office of great dignitie which most commonly the Archbishop of Toledo holdes hee hath six counsellors or Inquisitors they appoint all the Inquisitors Prouosts and Secretaries in all the Inquisitions within the Realme which are aboue twentie in either of which are three or foure Inquisitors who deale in matters of Heresie with such men as do or say any thing against the church of Rome And before they condemne any offendor they send him to this Councell to determine of him The Councell of Descargos Councell of Descargos treates of the paying of the old kings debts and the execution of their last wils There are two Chanceries in Spaine Chanceries of Spaine one at Vailledolit and another at Granado either of which hath a President and twelue Counsellors They take knowledge of all ciuil causes which come vnto them by way of appeale from other inferiour courts They also take knowledge of sutes for the estates and inheritances of Noblemen from the which they may appeale to the Councel royall if the matter in question exceed the value of foure thousand ducats There are foure Alcaldes or Prouosts of the Chancerie who determine of all ciuill and criminall causes within fiue leagues from whome they appeale to the counsellours of the Chauncerie There is a Councell for the realme of Nauarre Councell of Nauarre where there is a Regent sixe Councellors and foure Alcaldes or Prouosts they take knowledge of suites both ciuil and criminall within that Realme and end them there of what qualitie soeuer they be without appeale whereof they consult euerie weeke with the Viceroy who determines what they shall doe There is also a Regent Councel of Gallicia 4 Councellors and 4 Prouosts in the realm of Gallicia who end all suits within that realme but they deale not in questions of Nobilitie and Gentrie which goe to the Chancerie of Vailledolit The Citie of Seuille with the dependances Councell of Seuille hath a Regent 6 Councellors and 4 Prouosts who take knowledge of all ciuill and criminall matters whereof the iudges of the said citie or realm haue giuen sentence There is an appeale from them to the royal councel all questions of Nobilitie goe to the Chancerie of Granado The President of the Councell royall of Iustice appoints all the Councellors Power of the President of the Councell royall Prouosts Presidents Regents of the Chanceries changeth them from one to another draws them to be Councellors of that Court Moreouer he names sixty and sixe Gouernors of Cities and Prouinces changing them as occasion shall require These Gouernors or Iudges haue commonly two or three Lieutenants in the townes of their gouernment They or their Lieutenants gouerne the cities or prouinces which are vnder their charge with twelue or more Aldermen which hee hath in euerie citie and towne which Aldermen doe onely deale with the maintenance of the citie and with the publike works wherein they haue a voice but the gouernours or their Lieutenants determine of al murthers thefts or other misdemeanors and punish according to the qualitie of the fact euerie Gouernour hath as much power in these matters as the king himselfe the matter being iustifiable and they may deale in al matters for that their CoÌ„missions are verie ample representing the kings person from whome they doe appeale to the Chanceries of Vailledolit or Granado I am afraid to enter into any discourse of the reuenues of this king Reuenues of the king of Spaine men write so diuersly therof some write that he hath but 14 millions of ducats comming in yeerly others say eighteen Millions and some bring it to 23 millions which differences may haply with some limitations bee reconciled But whatsoeuer it bee it is most certaine that during the warres of the Low-countries it was too little to mainteine his charge for although that Naples Sicile Milan Sardinia Maiorca and Minorca Flaunders and Burgondie yeeld him aboue fiue Millions yearely yet there comes little of all this to his cofers being imployed in the entertainment of Viceroys Gouernors Captaines Garrisons Officers and other charges in those countries The kings reuenues in Spaine rise not from his demeanes as in some other Countries but from the great impositions which hee rayseth vpon the ports of the Sea and from his drie Ports which bee the passages from one
valiant Knight 670 Death of D. Martin king of Sicile 673 Death of D. Fernand king of Arragon 678 Death of Charles king of Nauarre 689 Death of D. Iohn king of Portugal 704 Defeat of the Master of Alcantara by the Moores 709 Death of Ioane Queene of Naples and her testament ibid. Death of Edward king of Portugal 717 Death of D. Blanch Queene of Nauarre 722 Death of two Queenes sisters beeing poysoned 722 Demands made by the confederats to the king of Castile ibid. Death of D. Henry Infant of Arragon 730 Deuise of the Prince of Nauarre 741 Defeat and death of the Infant D. Pedro duke of Coimbra 746 Discouery of the Canaries 641 Discouery of the coast of Afrike by Protugals 747 Desire of rule affections of a noble minde 753 Desâ—eignes to trouble Castile 761 Desire of command an vntamed fury 734 Death of D. Pedro Giron Master of Calatraua 795 Desire of riches takes away all Ciuill respects 802 Descent of Portugal 773 Death of the Infant D. Alphonso of Castile 805 Deeds of charity done by the Earle of Haro 821 Death of D. Iohn de Pacheco Master of Saint Iames. 840 Decrees of the Estates in Castile executed 884 Discouery of Manicongo 906 Dâ—spaire sometimes bringeth helpe 933 Death of Iohn king of Portugal 951 Death of Pope Alexander the sixth 873 Death of Isabel Queene of Castile 874 Discription of Oran 877 Death of many noblemen in Spaine ibid. Death of Philip king of Castile 881 Demands vnciuily made by king Fernand to him of Nauarre 902 Darien a neck of land at the Indies 906 Death of Gonsalo Fernandes of Cordoua 920 Defeat of Turkes at sea by the Spanish gallies 930 Death of king Iohn and Queene Catherine of Nauarre 933 Demands of the townes of Spaine 945 Demolitions in Nauarre 996 Death of Fernand Magellanes 977 Death of D. Manuel king of Portugal ibid. Death of the Empresse Isabella 1000 Death of Mary of Portugall wife to king Philip. 1003 Desseigne of the Emperor against Germany 1014 Defeat and taking of the Elector of Saxony 1016 Death of Vasco Nugnes Gouernor at Peru. 1028 Dexterity of Pedro Guasca Gouernor at Peru. ibid. Death of Queene Ioane the Emperours mother 1040 Death of D. Iohn the third king of Portugal 1052 Description of Malta 1114 Degrading of a Priest by the Inquisition 1123 Desseignes of the Prince of Spaines descouered 1130 Death of the Prince of Spaine 1131 Death of Elizabeth Queene of Spaine 1132 Death of the Marquis of Poza 1136 Defeat of Christians 1146 Death of Marc Antonio Bragadin 1162 Death of D. Sebastien not beleeued of many 1203 Decree of the Gouernors against D. Antonio 1212 Death of Queene Anne of Castile 1214 Death of Philip Strossy 1223 Distinction of Spaine within the Country 15 Diuision of Spaine according to the antients 23 Diuision of Spaine according to the warre ibid. Discretion of Colonels to pacifie a muteny 69 Dissembling of Pompoy before Numantia 103 Diuision of the Gouernment of Spaine 120 Distinction of the East and West Gothes 129 Dissention betwixt the Emperors Lieutenants was the losse of Spaine and Affrike 133 Diuersity of religion kils all charity 138 Diuision among the Gothes 140 Discourse of Mahumet not very credible 145 Disloyaltie of Paul a captaine to Bambas 149 D. Diego Porcello stem of the Princes of Castile 195 Diuision among Christians giues an entry to infidels 213 Disposition of a woman inclined to reuenge 214 Dishonost desire of a Countesse of Castile 218 Dignity of chiefe Iustice of Arragon 272 Disposition of D. Alphonso king or Castile 147 Diuision among the Nobility of Nauarre and Arragon 284 Disposition of D. Raymond Berengers will 310 Disposition of the spoile after the battaile of Muradel 342 Disposition of king Thiband 373 Diuision in Arragon 445 Distrust of D. Iohn of Castile and treachry of king Fernand cause of great troubles 457 Disloyalty of the king of Castile 497 Disposition of the will of D. Frederic king of Sicile 503 Disposition of D. Pedro king of Portugal 549 Diuision of Castile before it was conquered 561 Disposition of Charles king of Nauarre 592 Disposition of D. Iohn king of Castile 597 Disposition of the noblemen of Portugal 602 Disposition and qualities of Aluaro de Luna Constable of Castile 745 Diuines delude the Constable of Castile ibid. Diego Hurtado de Mendoza restored to his right of Guadalaiara 765 Disorders in the gouernment of Castile 826 Diuision betwixt the father and the sonne 897 Difference betwixt Ferdinand king of Arragon and Philip and Ioane kings of Castile 880 Disposition of Iohn king of Nauarre 884 Distribution of the spoile at Oran 894 Difference betwixt a vassal and a subiect 905 Drinke giuen to king Fernand by the Queene his wife 913 Diuision among Councellors in a state dangerous 929 Discipline of them of Peru at the warre 982 Diu attempted in vaine by the Portugals 996 Disposition of the Alarabes of Affrike 1003 Diu beseeged by the king of Cambaca 1018 Disposition of D. Charles Prince of Spaine 1132 Disobedience and insolencies in Christian souldiers 1146 Disposition of king Sebastian 1160 Difficulties in pursuing the victory of Lepanto 1171 Tomitian the second persecutor of the Church 120 Donation falsely fathered vpon Constantin 14â— Docility of the Gothike nation 129 Donations titles and preuiledges of Monasteries vncertaine 210 Donations to Churches 230 Dominike of Osma Author of the Iacopins Order 345 Donation made by Alphonso de la Cerde to the king of Nauarre 478 Discord betwixt the Gouernors and Estates of Portugal 1208 Drought prodigious 13 Dragut beseeged by Doria at Gerbe and escapes 1038. hee comes to Malta and is slaine there 1115 Duke of Brittan slaine at the Popes coronation 452 Dukes Marquises and Earles not hereditary in Spaine 484 Duke of Beneuent seekes to purge himselfe to the king of Castile 646 Duke of Bragances practises discouered by his secretary 906. he is beheaded at Ebora 907 Duke of Viseo slaine by the king of Portugals owne hand ibid. Duke of Valentinois sent prisoner into Spaine 873 he escapes out of prison 883. hee is slaine at the seege of Viana 886 Dutie of a well aduised captaine 894 Duke of Alba enters into Pampelona 905 he submits himselfe to the Cardinal Ximenes 952 Duke of Gandia becomes a Iesuite 964 Duke of Alba sent viceroy into Italy 1041. hee complaines of the Popes actions 107 he goes to assaile Rome 1079. he is sent into Flanders 1129. he sends to treat with the Queen of England 1170. he enters into Portugal 1211 Duke of Guise sent with an army into Italy 1076 Duke of Medina Celi sent to gouerne the Low countries 1170 he refuseth the gouernment 1171 Duke of Albas exploits in Portugal 1212. his death 1226 D. Diego Prince of Spaine borne 1174 Discourse betwixt D. Anthony and Carcamo 1216 Description of the Tercera's 1218 Death of Diego Prince of Spaine 1226 Deputies sent from the Estates of the vnited Prouinces into England 1232 E EArles and
Inuention of Saint Iames Sepulcher 179 Indiscretion of D. Guttiere Fernandes 308 Interest of the French king to the crowne of Castile 352 Inhabitants of Pampelona refuse to doe homage to the king of Castile 387 Iniustice of D. Pedro king of Arragon to his brother 419 Insolencies of the French in Sicile ibid. Inuasion of Castile by the king of Granado 442 Integrity of D. Iohn Ramires of Areillan 573 Integrity of Leonora Queene of Castile 601 Intercession for D. Henry Infant of Arragon 684 Infants of Arragon loose all their land in Castile 704 Insolencies of the Constable of Castile made knowne vnto the king 716 Insolency of the commons punished 725 Ingratitude of Pope Calixtus 755 Insolency of the confederats in Castile against the Popes Legat. 800 Insolency of the Master of Saint Iames. 829 Inquisition in Spaine against Iewes and Moores and the fruits thereof 870 Integrity of king Fernand and Queene Isabel. 899 Inquisition in Arragon 927 Iniury don to the kings Receiuers 931 Indians gentle and tractable 946 Inuectiue made by the Constable Velasco against Cardinal Ximenes 926 Intreaty of the Infant D. Fernand to Cardinal Ximenes 954 Insolency against the kings Officers 961 Inigo of Loycla and his family 962 Inquisition of Spaine attempted at Mylan 1111 Inquisition reiected by the Arragonois 1120 Inquisitors what they be ibid. Imprisonment of the Prince of Spaine 1130 Inquisitors sharpe persecutors of Prince Charles 1134. they are chiefe of the councel of Spaine 1135 Insolency of the Spanish soldiers in Granado 1141 Insolency of the Spaniards makes the Moores reuolt 1149 Ioseph king of Granado poisoned 655 Ioane Queene of Nauar punished by the hand of God 764 Ioane Queene of Castile deliuered of a daughter vnlawfully begotten 767 Ioane Infanta of Castile newly borne declared heire of the realme 768 Ioane borne in Adultery the subiect of all the troubles in Castile 778. she is made sure to the king of Portugal 850 Ioane wife to the Archduke Philip heire to Castile and Arragon 963. toucht in her sences 882 D. Iohn of Austria opposite to Prince Charles 1134 he comes to Granado against the Moores 1146. his speech to the army at Lepanto 1168 Irone a chast Virgin 148 Saint Iren taken from the Moores 297 Ismael king of Granado slaine by his subiects 471 Isabel Queene of Castile fauors the Lords against the Constable 743 Isabella sister to king Henry reiects the title of Queene of Castile 805. shee procures a peace in Castile ibid. she is declared heire of the realme 806. she marries with Fernand of Arragon 817. her magnanimity 852. shee is sworne heire to the crowne of Castile 860. she is carefull to doe Iustice 867. she poursueth the rebels in Estremadura 875 Iulian an Earle brings the Moores into Spaine 153 Iudges chosen in Castile 196 Iustice and treasor the chiefe members of an Estate 846 Iustice established in Galicia 884 Iudgement of the Inquisitors against the Prince of Spaine 1131 D. Iohn affects to bee king of Tunes 1174. hee is made gouernor of the Netherlands 1180. he aspires to the crown of Eng. ibid. his death 1181 K KIngs of Spaine at the first what they were 7 Kingdomes erected in Spaine by the Arabians and Christians 24 1. Kings in the battaile whereas Attila was defeated 134 1. King forced by his children to leaue his crowne 191 1. King dispossest becomes his sons Lieutenant ibi 2 Knights of the Lilly in Nauar. 235 1. Kings of Spaine doe not acknowledge the Emperor 240 2. Knights Christians in pay with the Moores 247 1. Kings of Castile and Arragon spoile the heire of Nauar of his kingdome 249 2. Knights of Calatraua first instituted 304 1. Kings of Leon and Castile in quarrel 321 1. Kings of Nauar and Leon inuade Castile 330 1. King of Castile inuades Nauar. 335 1. King of Castile being young deliuered into the hands of them of Lara 350 1. King of Leon enters Castile with an army against his owne sonne 354 1. King of Seuile a Moore tributary to the king of Castile 363 1. King of Arragon asketh pardon of the Pope 370 1. King of Nauar confesseth himselfe vassal to him of Castile 387 1. Kings of Moores dispossest and chased out of Spaine 388 1. Kingdome of Tremissen 408 1. King of Maroc passeth into Spaine 409 King of Maiorca dispossest by his brother 422 King of Arragon set the Infants of Cerde at liberty 434 King of Granado deposed 455 King of Arragon makes warre against the Moores of Affrike 482 King of Castile inuades Portugal with an army 505 Knights in Castile executed 553 King of Nauarre sends for his wife 643 King of Castile beseeged by his own subiects 683 King of Nauarres lands in Castile for feited and giuen away 696 King of Arragon defeated and taken prisoner at sea by the Geneuois 709 Kings of Castile and Nauarre visit the Constable 724 King of Castile puts the Constable to death more through base feare then for the loue of Iustice. 745 King of Nauarre and the Lords pacified and reconciled to the new king of Castile 750 King of Castile contemned of his subiects 753 King of Castile makes warre against Nauarre 766 King of Castile reproched with the adulterat birth of his supposed daughter 781 King of Portugal abandons Zamorra 854 his base courage 864. he despaires 865 King of Manicongo becomes a Christian. 950 Kings of France and Arragon diuide the realme of Naples and dispossesse Frederic 966 King of Nauar and his wife in factions 885 King of Tremessen defeated by the Spaniards 1009 King of Tunes taken by his sonne 1010 King of Tunes expelled by Vluccialy 1160 King of Fez defeated by the Xeriffes 1185 King of Fez and Marocat warre 1187 King of Fez defeated and taken 1188. he is set at liberty ibid. Kings of Maroc electiue 1195 L LAnguage of the Spaniards at this day 30 Lauron taken by Sertorius in the view of Pompey 110 Lawes of king Sisebuth 146 Law made by the Gothes not to marry the kings widow 151 Law of defying a towne 246 Laurence Suarez betraies king Aben Hut who had entertained him in his exile 371 Lands called Beetries in Biscay c. 533 Lands of the crowne giuen in recompence of seruice 622 Lands confiscated being giuen away hinder the peace 715 Lamentation of Isabella of Castile 942 Landgraue of Hessen feared by the Emperour 1116 Lebrissa and the beginning 8 Leon taken by the Christians 171 League of Christian Princes and Moores in Spain against the French 181 Leon the Christians chiefe city taken by the Arabians 213 League betwixt the king of Castile and Prince of Arragon against Nauar. 289 Leira taken by the Moores 292 League against Nauar. 320 League against Castile made by Arragon Leon and Portugal 327 League betwixt the king of Arragon and the widow Queene of Nauarre 385 Lewis the French king quits his right to Castile 395 League and marriage betwixt Nauar and Arragon 491 Leonora de Guzman mistresse to the king