trade and traffique with Forrein Nations and to Strangers that trade traffick with us for the Administration of coÌ„mutative Justice within the Land the King receiveth sundry profits which grew first by way of Imposition A man cannot recover a Debt in the Kings Court but first he payeth the King a Fine for his first Process Land cannot be conveighed by a Common Recovery but a Fine for the Original must be payd to the King Neither can Land be passed from one to another by Fine in the Kings Court but the Kings Silver must be payd pro licentia concordandi Adde hereunto the profit of the Seals in all the Kings Courts for all manner of Writs And yet the King in Charta magna did promise Nulli negabimus nulli vendemus Iustitiam vel rectum but the Kings taking of these and the like Duties is no breach of the great Charter for that the same was imposed by the King long before the Charter was made and taken ut Ministerii sui stipendia as the Schoolman speaketh and withall to recompence the charge of the Crown in maintaining the Court of Justice See Bodin lib. 6. de Repub. cap. 2. where hee speaketh of the like profit made upon the Process in France And shews that the antient Romans did the like And the Emperour Caligula took the fortieth penny of that which was demanded in every several Civil Action If then such profits be taken for the King in his Courts of Justice within the Land towards the charge which he sustaineth in the maintainance of these Courts and the Offices thereof which duties were at first limitted and imposed by the King himself without any Act of Parliament for who ever heard of an Act of Parliament whereby the same were granted Is there not as good reason why the charge of the King in doing Justice and procuring Justice to be done unto Merchants whose residence and comerce is for the most part out of the Land should be recompenced out of Merchandizes imported and exported not according to the will of the Merchant and pleasure of the people out proportionable according to the Kings charge which being best known to himself it is most meet that the recompence should be limitted by himself Touching the charge of the King in doing and appointing Justice to be done to Merchants Are not all Leagues Truces and Treaties of State with Forein Princes wherein the publique Trade and Comerce of Merchants are ever included concluded and made at the Kings charge Did not the Kings Council of State and high Court of Chancery give more speedy hearing to the causes of Merchants than to the causes of other Subjects Doth not the King maintain a Court of Admiralty for deciding of Marine causes which doe for the most part concern Merchants Doth he not bear the charge of several Leâ—ger Ambassadors in Italy in Spain in France in the Low Countries in Turkie whose principal Negotiation doth consist in procuring Justice to be done to our Merchants And if our Merchants doe suffer wrong in any Forein Country by reason of any defective neglect in doing Justice there doth not the King by his Prerogative grant them Letters of Mart or Reprisal that they may right themselves which is a Species justi Belli as the Civilians call it And if the injury done to the Merchants bee multiplyed and continued with a high hand Is it not the Kings Office to denounce and prosecute War against such a people as doth refuse to doe Justice unto his Merchants For this cause the Romans began the first Punick War saith Appian Cicero in his Oration pro Lege Manlia affirmeth Populum Romanum saepe Mercatoribus Injuria suis tractata bella gessisse Briefly the plenty of Money being greater in this Age than ever was there by reason of so many Millions of Gold and Silver brought from the Indies into Europe and the price of all Merchandizes being withall greatly enhanced and the charges and expences of Princes exceedingly encreased is it meet or just that the King at this day should be stinted or bound to that old Demimark onely for Native commodities or the three pence of the pound for the Forein commodities which Edw. 1. was content to accept of four hundred years since or a single poundage onely which in the time of King Edw. 4. was not sufficient to maintain the necessary charges of keeping the Sea as the Acts of Parliament 12 Edw. 4. cap. 5. which granteth that Subsidy to the King reciteth all the Kings charge in supporting the Trade of Merchants being unlimited and infinite And shall the duties payable for Merchandizes be stinted and restrained to such a proportion only as the Subject shall bee pleased to grant unto him Assuredly if the King had not a Prerogative of his own absolute power without Act of Parliament to increase the duties payable for Merchandizes at this day a Merchants Counting-house would be richer than the Kings Exchequer and the Subject who may live privately and moderate his expences and yet raise the Fines of his Coppy-holds and Rents of his Demeans without controlement would be in better case than the King who by reason of the Majesty of his Estate cannot abridge his charges and yet should have no power of himself without leave of his Subjects to increase his Revenue Again the King is not only at charge in doing of Justice to his Merchants at home and in procuring Justice to bee done to them abroad but the doth withall maintain a Royall Navy of Ships the best the fairest the strongest in the world at this day to protect all Merchants from spoyl and Piracy on the sea In the maintainance of this Navy the King doth expend more Treasure than the whole Revenue of some of his Predecessors did amount to And he doth not onely secure Merchants by Sea but he gives them safe conduct by Land also as appeareth by the great Charter So as they may well give our King that title which Virgil gives to the King of Bees Ille operum custos And seeing Merchants are most likely resembled to those Industrious creatures because they bring the hony to the Kings Hives to wit to his Havens and Ports where they and their Merchandizes bee protected and reserved why should they not imitate the Bees in observing their King and in making him partaker of the fruit of their labours Neither is it a new thing or an invention of this Age to lay Impositions upon Merchants for their Wastage and Protection at Sea for Plinius tels us lib. 19 cap 4. Merces praetiosae ut ex India Arabia Ethiopia tuto in Europam à Mercatoribus conveherentur necessariò classem parandam esse adversas Piraticas incursiones inde maritimi exercitus habendi causa vectigal rubri maris institutum A third reason drawn from the Interest the King hath in the parts of the Kingdom and the custody thereof which giveth him
invectis are the most ancient duties payable to the King so are the same grounded saith Bodin upon the greatest reason and equity in the world quid est enim rationi aequitati magis consentaneum quà m is qui in nostro territorio ex nostris questum facit principi nostro cujus permissu sub cujus protectione negotiatur aliquod perdat presolvat And this common reason and equity which is the ground of these duties payable for Merchandizes what is it else but the Law of Nations which is nothing else but that which common reason hath establisht amongst all men for the common good of all men and which all Nations have received and imbraced for their mutual benefit and commoditie Neither is this the onely Prerogative which the King of England hath by the Law of Nations habet Rex in regno suo saith Bracton alia privilegia de jure Gentium propria viz. Soreceum maris thesaurum insentum grossos pisces balenas sturgiones Wavias c. huiusmodi de jure Gentiune pertinent ad Coronam saith Stampford Prerogativa Regis fol. 37. 6. Adde hereunto the absolute power of the King to make War and Peace League and Truces to grant safe Conducts to pardon all Offenders to distribute all degrees of Honour and the like wherein the King hath sole and absolute power Merune imperium non mixtum and which Prerogative is as antient as the Crown and incident to the Crown by the Law of Nations Lastly for the proof that our Common Law doth acknowledge and prove the Law of Nations in most of these cases The Book 19 Edw. 4. 6. doth approve the Kings absolute power in making War Peace and Leagues and in 37 Edw. 6. 20. That part of the Law of Nations whereby the High Constable and Marshall of England do proceed in their Courts of War and Chivalrie is called the Law of the Land We finde also the Kings sole power in 11 Hen. 4. Rot. Parliament in Archivis turris London for Coyning of Money we have the case of Mines Com. 316. for safe conduct of Merchants and stop of Trades tempore guerrae and Letters of Reprisall we have 7 Edw. 4.19.2 R. 3.2 Magna Charta cap. 30. and the Register wherein we find Writs of Reprisall CHAP. III. Of the Law Merchant which is a branch of the Law of Nations and how it differs from our Common Law and how in the judgement of our Law Merchandizes do differ from other Goods Chattels which do not crosse the Seas and how the Common Law and Statute Law of England do admit and allow of the Law Merchant MErcaturavel Societas Mercatorum est magna Respublica saith Vlpian and therefore that Common-wealth of Merchants hath alwayes had a peculiar and proper Law to rule and govern it this Law is called the Law Merchant wherof the Laws of all Nations do take speciall knowledge first both the Common Law and Statute Law of England do take notice of the Law Merchant and do leave the causes of Merchants and Merchandizes to be decided by the rules of that Law for what saith the Book of 13 Edw. 4.9 10 A Merchant Stranger made sute before the Kings Privy council for certain Bailes of silk feloniously taken from him and it was moved that this matter might be determined by Common Law unto which motion the Lord Chancellor doth there answer This sute is brought by a Merchant who is not bound to sue according to the Law of the Land nor to tarry the tryal of twelve men nor other solemnity of the Law of the Land albeit the King hath jurisdiction of him within the Realm and may cause him to stand to his Judgement yet this must be according to the Law of Nature which some call the Law Merchant which is a Law universall throughout the word these are the words of that Book it is there resolved by all the Justices That if the Merchandizes of such a Merchant stranger be stollen and waved by the Felon the King himselfe shall not take those Merchandizes as waifes though in that case the goods of another person were lost by the Common Law of England Doth not this case make it manifest that in the judgement of our Common Law Merchandizes that crosse the Seas are goods of another nature quality and consideration than other goods and Chattels which are possessed within the Realm and do not crosse the Seas This learning is not common in our Books and therefore I think it meet to exemplifie this difference with more cases in this point If two Merchants be Joynt-Owners or Partners in Merchandizes which they have acquired by a Joynt-Contract in this case the one shall have an Action of Account against the other die legem mercatoriam saith the Register fol. 135. and F. N. 117. D. and yet by the rule of the Common Law if two men be joyntly possessed of other goods which are not Merchandizes the one shall not call the other to account for the same Again if two Merchants have a joynt Interest in Merchandizes if the own die the Survivor shall not have all but the Executor of the party deceased shall by the Law Merchant call the Survivour to an account for the moytie F.N. 117. D. whereas if there be two Joynts of other goods which are not Merchandizes the Survivor shall have all per jus accrescendi even by rule of the Common Law Again in an Action of Debt upon a simple Contract which is without Deed in writing the Defendant by the Common Law may wage his Law that is he may bar the Plantiff of his Action by taking an Oath that he doth not ow the Debt nor any part thereof and yet in Itin. Derby 2 Edw. 3. Iohn Crompton Merchant upon a Contract without Deed the Defendant would have waged his Law but was not permitted so to do and so Judgement was given against the said Defendant Again the goods of Ecclesiastical persons are discharged of Toll by the Common Law si non exerceat Marchandizas de eisdem saith the Register 259. a. for then their goods are charged being now become goods of another nature when the same are turned into Merchandizes so are the goods of the French Nobility discharged by Gabels and Impositions if they traffique not but if they traffique saith Bodin their goods are charged like other Merchandizes Again for goods wrongfully taken within the Land the Common Law giveth remedy against the Trespasser or the wrongfull Taker onely but if an English Merchant be spoiled of his Merchandizes upon the Sea or beyond the Sea by the Subject of another King the Register doth give him a Writ of Reprisall against all the Subjects of that Nation Regist. 122. 6. and 46 Hen. 3. we find a more brief cause of Justice for there the King in respect of the
the rules of those Laws so far forth as the same doth concern Merchants Merchandizes as well as by the rules of our Customary or Common Law of England especially be cause the rules of those other Laws are well known to the other Nations with whom we have commerce and to whō and from whom all Merchandizes are transported wheras the rules of our own Municipall Laws are only known within our Islands and if this Question may be decided either by the Laws of Nations or by the Law Merchant which is but a member thereof or by the Roman Civil Law we find this point clearly and absolutely determined and over-ruled by the rules of those Lawes viz. That all absolute Kings and Princes may set Impositions upon Merchandizes by their Prerogatives and thereupon we may conclude that since one Monarch hath as much power as another as Fortescue in his Book de Laudibus legum Angliae affirmeth the K. of England as well as any other King as the Emperour himself cum ipse omnes libertates habet in regno suo quas imperator vindicat in imperio As King William Rufus told the Arch-Bishop Anselm may by vertue of his Royal Prerogative annexed to his Crown and inherent to his Scepter lay Impositions upon Merchandizes exported or imported into any of his Kingdoms or Doninions CHAP. VII Of the Kings Prerogatives in general and that the same do consist in certain speciall points or cases reserved to the absolute power of the Crown when the Positive Law was first established and that the Canon Law of England doth acknowledge and submit it self to these Prerogatives BY the Law of Nature all things were cōmon and all persons equal there was neither Meum nor Tuum there was neither King nor Subject then came in the Law of Nations which did limit the Law of Nature and brought in property which brought in community of things which brought in Kings and Rulers which took away equality of persons for property caused Contracts Trade and Traffique which could not be ministred without a King or Magistrate so as the first and principal cause of making Kings was to maintain property and Contracts and Traffique and Commerce amongst men Hereupon by the same Law of Nations Tributes and Cust̄omes became due to the King or Prince to maintain him in his place of Government quasi Ministerii sui stipendia saith the School-man Deo Minister est tibi in bonum ideo tributa potestas saith Saint Paul and all these things namely Property and Contract and Kings and Customes were before any positive Law was made then came the positive Law and limited the Law of Nations whereas by the Law of Nations the King had an absolute and unlimited power in all matters whatsoever By the positive Law the King himself was pleased to limit and stint his absolute power and to tye himself to the ordinary rules of the Law in common and ordinary cases worthily and princely according to the Roman Emperour Dignissimum Principe Rex se allegatum legibus consiteri retaining and reserving notwithstanding in many points that absolute unlimited power which was given unto him by the Law of Nations and in these cases or points the Kings Prerogatives do consist so as the Kings Prerogatives were not granted unto him by the people but reserved by himself to himself when the positive Law was first established and the King doth exercise a double power viz. an absolute power or Merum Imperium when he doth use Prerogatives onely which is not bound by the positive Law and an ordinary power of Jurisdiction which doth co-operate with the Law whereby he doth minister Justice to the people according to the prescript rule of the positive Law as for example the King doth not condemn all Malefactors but by the rule of the positive Law but when the Malefactor is condemned by the Law he giveth him a pardon by his absolute Prerogative Again the King doth punish the breach of the Peace within the Land by the ordinary course of the Cōmon Law but he doth make War and Peace with Forreign Nations Quod pertinet ad liberum jus gladii as a Doctor speaketh by that absolute and unlimited power which the Law of Nations hath given unto him Again the King doth establish the Standard of Money by vertue of his Prerogative only for the Common Law doth give no rule touching the matter or form or value thereof but when those Monies are dispersed into the hands of the Subjects the same do become subject in respect of the property thereof to the ordinary rules of the Common Law Again the right of Free-hold and all Inheritance and all Contracts reall and personall arising within the Land are left to be decided by the positive Law of the Land but the Government and ordering of Traffique Trade and Commerce both within the Land and without doth rest in the Crown as a principall Prerogative wherein the King is like to Primum mobile which carrieth about all the inferiour Spheres in his superiour Course and yet doth suffer all the Planets underneath him to finish all their divers and particular courses or rather he doth imitate the Divine Majesty which in the Government of the world doth suffer things for the most part to passe according to the order and course of Nature yet many times doth shew his extraordinary power in working of miracles above Nature And truly as the King doth suffer the customary Law of England to have her course on the one side so doth the same Law yeeld submit and give way to the Kings Prerogative over the other and therefore in the 1 Hen. 7. fol. 23. there is a rule That every Custome is void in Law quae exaltat in praerogativum Regis which is an argument that the Kings Prerogative is more ancient than the customary Law of the Realm besides the power of the Kings Prerogative above the Common Law doth appear in this That whereas all privileges do flow and are derived from the Kings Prerogative and every privilege in one point or other privat communem legem yet the Common Law doth admit and allow of privileges granted by vertue of the King Prerogative CHAP. VIII Of the Kings Prerogative in the ordering and governing of all Trade and Traffique in Corporations Markets and Fairs within the Land and the Common Law doth acknowledge this Prerogative and submit it self there unto FIrst it is manifest that all Corporations of Cities and Boroughes within the Land were chiefly instituted for Trade and Commerce and not by the rule of Common Law no such Corporation can be made but by the Kings Charter for though there have been some Corporations which have been time out of mind yet the Law presumes that the same at first had their beginnings by the Grant of the King besides we find in divers ancient Charters made unto those Corporations a power granted unto the King to take de
Blood who would not suffer him to use his Prerogative Secondly that during the Wars of Lancaster and York there was no fit time to make use of that Prerogative while both parties did strive to win the favour of the people Thirdly that King Hen. 7. had much ado to settle himself in the quiet possession of the Kingdome after those troubles Fourthly that King H. 8. had such a mass of Treasure left him by his Father and did so inrich himself by dissolution of Abbyes as he had no need to make use of this Prerogative Fiftly that K. E. 6. was also a Minor and that his chiefest Council did more contend to advance their own houses than the Kings profit CHAP. XVIII That Queen Mary did use her Frerogative in laying Impositions upon Merchandizes QUeen Mary in whose time the Town of Callis was lost and consequently the benefit of the Staple at Callis was lost did by her absolute power as appeareth by the Report of the Lord Dyer 1 Eliz. Dyer 165. raise an Imposition upon Clothes viz. six shillings and eight pence upon every Cloth over and above all Customes and Subsidies True it is that the Merchants petition'd to be disburthened of this Imposition which was referred to the consideration of the Justices and others whereupon they had many assemblies and conference as that Book reporteth And albeit the Resolution of the Judges in that behalf be not found in that book it is to be presumed That they adjudged the Imposition to be just and lawfull because it was continued and answered during all the Reign of Queen Mary This Queen Mary likewise by her Preroonely layd and Imposition of four Marks upon every Tun of French Wines over and above the Prizage and Buttlerage which during her life time was payd without contradiction CHAP. XIX That Queen Elizabeth alsoused her Prerogative in laying Impositions upon Merchandizes QUeen Elizabeth also by virtue of the same Prerogative did not only continue the Impositions layd by Queen Mary upon Cloths and French Wines but did raise other Impositions of sundry sorts of Merchandizes by the same absolute power namely upon every Tun of sweet Wines upon every Tun of Rhenish Wines upon every Kental of Allom which during the time of the prudent Princess were payd and received without question Besides the same Queen upon complaint made unto her in the twelfth year of her Reign That the State of Venice did impose one Ducket upon every hundred of Currans exported out of their Dominions by the Merchants of England did by her Letters Patents grant unto the English Merchants who traded into the Levant That they only and their Assigns might bring Currans into England The English Merchants having this privilege did take five shillings and six pence upon every hundred waight of Currans brought into England by Strangers which was duly payd although it was taken by the Merchants by virtue of their privilege only of sortiori yet it ought to have been payd if it had been payable to the Queen her self as the Lord Chief Baron Fleming did observe in his Argument of Bates's case of Currans in the Court of Exchequer in England CHAP. XX That our Soveraign Lord King James hath by virtue of the same Prerogative without Act of Parliament layd several Impositions upon Merchandizes HIS Majesty likewise when he came to be King of England finding his Crown to be seized of this Prerogative and finding withall the necessary charge of the Crown exceedingly to increase did for the supportation thereof not onely continue the Impositions layd by Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth but also layd new Impositions upon sundry sorts of Merchandizes over and above all Customes and Subsidies formerly due and payable for the same And these are the Impositions now the principal of these is twelve pence upon the pound or a second poundage set upon Merchandizes as well exported as imported by Letters Patents 28. Iuly in the sixth year of his Majesties Reign but how is it set and imposed surely with such moderation and limitations and such receptations full of grace and favour as no Monarch or State in the world did ever impart to their Subjects the like in the like case for besides other gracious clauses contained in the same Letters Patents All commodities serving either for food or sustenance of the Kings people or seting the poor on work or for munition or defence of the Realm or for maintainance of Navigation or which especially tends to the enriching of a Kingdome are excepted and discharged by this Imposition As for the special Impositions which his Majesty hath set upon certain forrein commodities as Currans Logwood Tobacco c. As touching the first of these the Imposition hath been adjudged lawful in the Court of Exchequer of England And for the other commodities they are of such nature as no man ever made question but that the Impositions set upon them were lawful Besides these Impositions layd in England his Majesty by his Prerogative onely since the beginning of his Reign received the Impost of Wines in Ireland and hath likewise to make equality of Trade in that Realm layd an Imposition of twelve pence on the pound of all other Merchandizes imported and exported out of the Ports of Dublin Waterford Drogheda and Galway the Citizens of which Cities and Townes are exempted and discharged of Poundage granted by Act of Parliament there which Imposition was never impugned in Ireland but hath since the setting thereof been levied and payd without contradiction And that wee see how long the Crown of England hath been seised of this Prerogative in laying Impositions upon Merchandizes and how the same hath been put in practice by the most prudent Princes since the Conquest CHAP. XXI The general reasons whereupon this Prerogative is grounded ALthough it be a matter of difficulty and doth savour withall of curiosity and presumption to search a reason for every Prerogative that is incident to the Crown for Sacrilegii est disputare de Principis facto saith the Imperial Law and Scrutator Majestal is opprimitur à gloria saith the Wise man Yet the reasons whereupon this Prerogative is grounded are so many and manifest as it were not amiss to collect the principal of them rather for the confirmation than the satisfaction of such as have moved this question touching the lawfulness of Impositions layd by his Majesty upon Merchandizes First the King is the Fountain of all Justice and therefore the first reason drawn from the Kings charge in doing Justice and procuring Justice to be done to Merchants not onely distributive Justice wherein consisteth Praemium and Paena but cōmutative Justice is also derived from the King Now his Majesty doth exercise commutative Justice chiefly in the ordering and government of Trade and Comerce wherein hee is to doe Justice or to procure Justice to be done to his Subjects who do make contracts real and personal within the Land But to his Merchants that
principally to these causes following First our King of England hath alwayes gone before and beyond all other Kings in Christendome in many points of Magnificency and especially in this That they have alwayes had a more Rich and Royall Demean belonging to the Crown I mean more large and Royall Patrimony in Lands and Rents than ever any Christian King had before or now hath at this day for it is certain that the Revenues of other Princes and States do principally consist in such Gabells Impositions and Exactions as are before remembred and not in terr a firma not in such a Reall and Royall Patrimony as hath ever belonged to the Crown of England and therefoâ—â— other Kings being lesse able to â—â—â—ntain their Estates or more covetous in their own Nature have laid heavier Burthens upon their Subjects than ever the King of England hath layd or will do or hereafter hath need to do God be blessed for it the Kings of England have had the Princes Portion spoken of before in 45 of Ezekiel and therefore they had no need so to oppresse the people Again we may ascribe this difference to the bounty and noble nature of our Kings that they would never descend to those poor and sordid Exactions which other Princes States do take of their Subjects Sordidum putandum est aurum quod ex lachrimis oritur as a good Counseller told Vespasian Again we may ascribe it to the wisdom and policy of our Kings who would never follow the Counsell of Rehoboams younger Counsellers boni pastoris est oves tondere non diglubere as Tiberius the Emperor was wont to say Odi hortulanum saith Alexander qui ab radice olera excindit qui nimis emergit elicit sanguinem saith Solomon they well considered that the money levied by Taxes and Impositions is the blood of the people which is not to bee let out in any great quantity but to save the life as it were of the Common-wealth when she is sick indebted and in great danger Again it may be ascribed to their Piety and Religion which moved them to follow the counsell of the Divine Rule Deut. 17. where the King is warned not to multiply upon him much Gold and Silver for that indeed there doth seldome come good by great Treasure heapt up by a great Prince for it doth but nourish Pride and Ambition in him and stir him up many times to make an unjust Warre upon his Neighbours or if he leave it unto his Successers it makes them luxurious and vitious which draweth with it sometimes the ruin of the kingdome sed optimus certissimus thesaurus Principis est in loculis subditorum saith the learned Buterus in his Book against Machiavill let the King saith he have a care to maintain Religion and Justice and Peace in his Kingdom this will soon bring plenty with a continuall increase and make a rich and wealthy people then shall the King never want money to serve his just and necessary and honourable occasions for it is impossible the Soveraign should be poor when the Subjects are rich and untill occasions do arise the Coffers of his Subjects will be his best Exchequer they will be his Treasures they will be his Receivers his Tellers without fees or wages no bad Accomptant shall deceive him nor no Bankrupt Officer shall deceive him they will keep the Treasure of the Kingdom so frugally as no Importunate Courtier shall be able to withdraw the same from a Prince but that it shall still remain in store to supply the necessities of the Common wealth Lastly our Kings of England in their wisdoms well understood the natures and dispositions of their people and knowing them to be a free generous and noble Nation held them not fit to be beaten with Rehoboams Rod esteemed them too good to be whipt with Scorpions and therefore God be blessed we have not in England the Gabeller standing at every Towns end we have not a Publican in every Market we pay not a Gabell for every Bunch of Reddish or Branch of Rosemary sold in Cheap-side we have none of those Harpies which do swarm in other Countries we have no complaining in the streets as is said in the 144. Psalm and therefore I may well conclude with the conclusion of that Psalm Happy are the people that are in such a case blessed is the people that have the Lord for their God above in Heaven and King Iames for their King here upon Earth FINIS These Books following are printed for Henry Twyford and Partners and are to be sold at his Shop in Vine-Court Middle Temple THe Compleat Attorney or the Practick part of the Law A Learned Treatise of Wards and Liveries by Sir Iames Ley Knight The Life of the Apostle St. Paul Soliloquies Meditations and Prayers of St. Bonaventure The discontented Collonel by Sir Iohn Sucklin The European Mercury The humble Remonstranee of Sir Iohn Stawell Hebdomada Magna or the great Week of Christ's Passion Sir Robert Brooks Reading on the Statute of Limitations Kitchens Jurisdictions of Courts Leet Courts Baron c. Rich. Brownlow Esq Prothonotary to the Court of Common Pleas His Reports the first and second Part. Declarations and Pleadings English Judiciall Writs Plowdens Abridgment Abridgment of Lord Cook's Littleton Abridgement of Pulton's Statutes at large by Edmund Wingate Esq The Books of the drawing up of all manner of Judgments The Body of Law by Edmund Wingate Esq The Marrow of Law or the second part of the Faithfull Counsellor Office and duty of Executors in 8. Lay-mans Lawyer or the second part of the Practick part of the Law A Commentary on the Original Writs by William Hughes Esq Stevenson's Poems The Anabaptists Anatomised in a Dispute between Mr. Crag and Mr. Tombes Caesars Commentaries with Sir Clement Edmunds Observations The Compleat Clark and Scriveners guide being the exact Forms of all manner of Conveyances and Instruments now in use as they were Penned by Learned Counsel both Ancient and Modern The Counesse of Arundells Secrets in Physick and Chirurgery c. The History of the Troubles of Swethland and Poland Iustinian Dict. Stud. 1.lib.cap.2 Baldus Baldus Strabo Iustinian halicar. lib.3 Bracton stampford prà rogat Regis fol. 37.6 19 E. 4.6 37 E. 6.20 11 H. 4 Com. 316 7 E. 4.19.3 R. 3.2 Magna Charta cap.30 Vlpian 13 Edw. 4.9,10 Reg. fol.135 F. N.117 D. F. N.117 D. 2 E. 3 Regist. 259 a. Bodin Register 122 6. 46 Hen. 3 Rot. Pa. 3. E I.m. 19 in Archis turris London 3 Edw. 1 27 E. 3 Cap. 2 Cicero 13 E. 4.9 Lex Civilis Cicero offic. li 2 Bodin de repub. li.2.cap.8 Bodin Stephen King of Spain Pope Eluther II R. 2 Chopinns Rhodians The Canon Law Decret. cause 24 Quaest. 3 Canonists Poll-money St. Paul Fortescue 1H 7.fol.23 3 Edw. 1 pat m 21 F.N. 170 D. Register of Writs fol. 107 Custome and Toll Strabo 38 H. 8 Dyer 43. Edw. 1 Edw. 2. Edw. 3 Bates case de Currans in Sccio per Fleming chief Baron 3 Edw. 1. 3 Edw. 1 Rot. fin.memb.24 Statute 25 E. 1 Dyer 29. 30 H. 8.43 31 Fd 3.60 27 E. 3 Prizage and Butlerage 52 H. 3 31 Ed. 1 Gauger Alneger 14 Ed. 2 Customer Comtroller Searcher 25 E. 1 Ed. 2 11 E. 2 The Writ to his Collecttors of his Customs Collectors of his Customs Raimundus Lullius 1 Ed. 1 Rot. fin m. 30 in Archivis Turris Le Records 17 Ed 3. Rot. 308 in Sccio Angliae c 12 Ed. 3 Rot. Almaniae pars 1. numb. 3 31 Ed. 3 Rot. Parl. numb.24 13 Ed. 1 14 Ed. 3 Staple at Callis E. 3 R. 2 H. 4 H. 5 Dyer 165 12 Eliz. 12 Eliz. Letters Patents 28 Iuly 6. Iac. Bodin lib. 6 de repub. ca. 2 Caligula Appian Cicero 12 Ed. 4.cap.5 Virgil Plin. lib.19.cap.4 Tempore Edw. 3 2 Edw. 1 2 Edw. 3 10 Ed. 3 17 Hen. 4 Matthew Paris Histor. Magna p. 568. 10 Hen. 7 Stow Fitz Avowry 192.6 Rich. 2 protection 46 Rot. Scotiae nu 16 in Arch Turris Gen. 1 Baldus Strabo Stampford 19. Ass p.6 22. Ass p 93. 22 Ed. 4 4 Edw. 3 21 Ed. 3 16 Ri. 2 17 H. 6 Tempore Henry 8. The K. of Spain's Imposition in An. 1614. Magna Charta cap. 30 46 Ed. 3 I Edw. 3 Anno 40. Elizabeth Object 1 The Answer to the 1. Object Object 2 The Answer to the 2. Object Solomon Henry 7. Poeta Object 3 3 Edw. 2 5 Edw. 2. 13 Ed. 3 14 Ed. 3 12 Ed. 3 18 Ed. 3 22 Ed. 3 13 Ed. 3 Lord Latimer Richard Lions I. Peachy 50 Ed. 3. Rot. Parli numb. 33. 50 Ed. 3 Rot. Parl. num.191 in Arch. Turris Dyer 1 Eliz. fol.165 The Answer to Object 3 5 Edw. 2 Senatus Rome Solomon Iulius Caesar Augustus Caesar Edw. 1 Edw. 3 Nero Edw. 2 Rich. 2 Petitions are of divers kinds have divers Answers Mayletolt 3 Kings cap. 12 14 Ed. 3.cap.13 Anno 29 Ed. 3 6 Edw. 3 Rot. Parl. nu.4 13 Edw. 3 Rot. Parl. numb.5 18 Ed 3. Rot. Parl. nu.10.26 in Arch. Turris 28 Ed. 3. Rot. Parl. numb. 27. 38 Ed. 3. Rot. Parl. numb.26 6 Edw. 3 Rot. Parl. numb.4 Lionscase 50 Ed. 3 Rot. Parl. nu.17,18 Lord Latimers case Peachies Case 1 Eliz. Dyer fol.165 Object 4 The Answer to the forth Object Dyer 44. Statute of Northampton 2 Edw. 3 Object 5 The Answer to the 5. Object K. Ed. 4 Iulius Caesars Impositions Tiberius the Roman Emperor Caligula Vespasian The Imposition of France The Spanish Impositions Gutturis de gabellis Quaest. 174. The D. of Tuskanies Impositions The Impositions by the Pope Sixtus Quintus The Impositions of the Seigniory of Venice Baltholus Baidus The Impositions of the Low countries The Impositions of the Grand Seignior of Turkie The Impositions of Denmark Ezek. 45 Solomon Deut. 17 Buterus contra Machiavill Psa. 144