the_o institution_n of_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n deduce_v from_o its_o original_n and_o collate_v with_o the_o civil_a canon_n and_o feudal-law_n and_o with_o the_o custom_n of_o neighbour_a nation_n the_o first_o part_n by_o sir_n james_n dalrymple_n of_o stair_n precedent_n of_o the_o session_n edinburgh_n print_v by_o the_o heir_n of_o andrew_n anderson_n printer_n to_o his_o most_o sacred_a majesty_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1681._o to_z the_o king_n may_v it_o please_v your_o majesty_n i_o do_v humble_o present_a to_o your_o majesty_n a_o summary_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o your_o ancient_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n which_o can_v be_v no_o where_o so_o fit_o place_v as_o under_o the_o ray_n of_o your_o royal_a protection_n i_o be_o confident_a it_o will_v tend_v to_o the_o honour_n and_o renoun_n of_o your_o majesty_n and_o your_o princely_a progenitor_n that_o you_o have_v govern_v this_o nation_n so_o long_o and_o so_o happy_o by_o such_o just_a and_o convenient_a law_n which_o be_v here_o offer_v to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o world_n in_o a_o plain_a rational_a and_o natural_a method_n in_o which_o material_a justice_n the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o world_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n orderly_o deduce_v from_o self_n evident_a principle_n through_o all_o the_o several_a private_a right_n thence_o arise_v and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n the_o expedient_n of_o the_o most_o polite_a nation_n for_o ascertain_v and_o expede_v the_o right_n and_o interest_n of_o mankind_n be_v apply_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n especial_o these_o which_o have_v be_v invent_v or_o follow_v by_o this_o nation_n so_o that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o what_o be_v here_o offer_v be_v common_a to_o most_o civil_a nation_n and_o be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v displease_v to_o the_o judicious_a and_o sober_a any_o where_o who_o dote_v not_o so_o much_o upon_o their_o own_o custom_n as_o to_o think_v that_o none_o else_o be_v worthy_a of_o their_o notice_n there_o be_v not_o 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without_o mixture_n of_o any_o other_o people_n and_o have_v so_o continue_v above_o two_o thousand_o year_n during_o all_o which_o no_o foreign_a power_n be_v ever_o able_a to_o settle_v the_o dominion_n of_o a_o strange_a lord_n over_o we_o or_o to_o make_v we_o forsake_v our_o allegiance_n to_o your_o majesty_n royal_a ancestor_n our_o native_a and_o kind_o king_n whereas_o most_o of_o the_o other_o kingdom_n be_v compond_n of_o diverse_a nation_n and_o have_v be_v subjugate_v to_o prince_n of_o different_a and_o opposite_a family_n and_o ofttimes_o foreigner_n the_o great_a monarchy_n which_o do_v design_n universality_n be_v all_o break_a in_o piece_n and_o there_o be_v no_o family_n that_o can_v claim_v a_o just_a title_n to_o redintegrat_fw-la any_o of_o they_o there_o be_v no_o emperor_n nor_o king_n except_o yourself_o but_o know_v to_o what_o other_o family_n their_o predecessor_n do_v succeed_v and_o when_o and_o by_o what_o mean_v it_o be_v evident_a what_o a_o mixture_n have_v be_v in_o greece_n and_o italy_n in_o france_n and_o spain_n in_o england_n and_o elsewhere_o this_o nation_n have_v not_o be_v obscure_a and_o unknown_a to_o the_o world_n but_o the_o most_o famous_a nation_n have_v make_v use_n of_o our_o arm_n and_o have_v still_o in_o grateful_a remembrance_n retain_v trophy_n and_o monument_n of_o our_o courage_n and_o constancy_n there_o be_v few_o war_n in_o christendom_n wherein_o we_o have_v not_o have_v considerable_a body_n of_o soldier_n regimented_a and_o command_v by_o themselves_o and_o ofttimes_o general_a officer_n command_v they_o and_o whole_a army_n of_o stranger_n with_o great_a reputation_n and_o gallantry_n which_o do_v advance_v they_o above_o the_o native_n of_o these_o country_n where_o they_o serve_v neither_o have_v we_o want_v the_o fame_n of_o learning_n at_o home_n and_o abroad_o in_o the_o most_o eminent_a profession_n divine_a or_o humane_a and_o as_o every_o where_o the_o most_o pregnant_a and_o active_a spirit_n apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o study_n and_o practice_n of_o law_n so_o these_o that_o apply_v themselves_o to_o that_o profession_n among_o we_o have_v give_v great_a evidence_n of_o sharp_a and_o pierce_a spirit_n with_o much_o readiness_n of_o conception_n and_o dexterity_n of_o expression_n which_o be_v necessary_a qualification_n both_o of_o the_o bench_n and_o bar_n whereby_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v attain_v to_o so_o great_a perfection_n that_o it_o may_v without_o arrogance_n be_v compare_v with_o the_o law_n of_o any_o of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n for_o we_o be_v happy_a in_o have_v so_o few_o and_o so_o clear_a statute_n our_o law_n be_v most_o part_n consuetudinary_a whereby_o what_o be_v find_v inconvenient_a be_v obliterat_fw-la and_o forget_v our_o form_n be_v plain_a and_o prompt_a whereby_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o judicious_a have_v with_o little_a pain_n much_o insight_n in_o our_o law_n and_o do_v with_o the_o more_o security_n enjoy_v their_o right_n and_o possession_n which_o by_o our_o public_a record_n be_v better_o know_v then_o any_o where_o by_o which_o we_o may_v with_o the_o great_a assurance_n trust_v our_o purchase_n see_v no_o land-right_a be_v effectual_a against_o purchaser_n by_o consent_n or_o by_o law_n but_o where_o the_o ultimate_a perfection_n thereof_o by_o seize_v or_o other_o evident_a be_v upon_o record_n in_o register_n set_v apart_o for_o the_o several_a right_n without_o mixture_n of_o any_o other_o whereof_o there_o be_v authentic_a minute-book_n keep_v with_o the_o record_n in_o each_o shire_n and_o jurisdiction_n whereby_o with_o the_o least_o pain_n or_o expense_n all_o the_o right_n affect_v any_o land_n within_o the_o course_n of_o prescription_n can_v easy_o be_v find_v we_o be_v not_o involve_v in_o the_o labyrinth_n of_o many_o and_o large_a statute_n whereof_o the_o posterior_n do_v ordinary_o abrogate_v or_o derogate_v from_o the_o prio_fw-la that_o it_o require_v a_o great_a part_n of_o a_o life_n to_o be_v prompt_a in_o all_o these_o wind_n without_o which_o no_o man_n with_o sincerity_n and_o confidence_n can_v consult_v or_o plead_v much_o less_o can_v the_o subject_n by_o their_o own_o industry_n know_v where_o to_o rest_v but_o must_v give_v more_o implicit_a faith_n to_o their_o judge_n and_o lawyer_n than_o they_o need_v or_o aught_o to_o give_v to_o their_o divine_n and_o we_o do_v always_o prefer_v the_o sense_n to_o the_o subtlety_n of_o law_n and_o do_v seldom_o trip_v by_o niecity_n or_o formality_n the_o great_a fixation_n and_o improvement_n of_o our_o law_n have_v be_v by_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o supreme_a civil_a judicature_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o king_n james_n the_o five_o in_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n consist_v of_o fifteen_o ordinary_a senator_n in_o place_n of_o the_o king_n daily_a council_n which_o follow_v his_o residence_n and_o court_n and_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n
their_o remove_n they_o leave_v the_o land_n in_o better_a condition_n then_o at_o their_o entry_n they_o get_v no_o satisfaction_n thereof_o without_o paction_n and_o a_o liferenter_fw-la have_v rebuild_v a_o jointure-house_n which_o be_v burn_v by_o accident_n in_o her_o vidowity_n and_o rebuilt_a by_o her_o second_o husband_n be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o satisfaction_n therefore_o except_o the_o house_n have_v be_v accustom_v to_o be_v set_v for_o rent_n and_o that_o the_o liferenter_fw-la or_o her_o husband_n have_v no_o power_n to_o demolish_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o ground_n february_n 2._o 1672._o captain_n gutbrie_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o mckerstoun_n and_o a_o appryzer_n have_v rebuild_v a_o burn_a house_n be_v not_o presume_v to_o gift_n the_o same_o to_o a_o liferenter_fw-la albeit_o her_o seasine_n be_v registrat_n but_o she_o have_v her_o option_n either_o to_o get_v so_o much_o out_o of_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o tenement_n as_o it_o be_v worth_a before_o the_o reparation_n or_o to_o have_v the_o possefsion_n of_o the_o tenement_n pay_v the_o annualrent_a of_o the_o sum_v necessary_o and_o profitable_o ware_v upon_o the_o reparation_n thereof_o during_o her_o life_n january_n 24._o 1672._o hacket_n contra_fw-la wat._n there_o remain_v to_o be_v clear_v that_o appropriation_n which_o be_v by_o specification_n whereby_o of_o material_n belong_v to_o other_o owner_n a_o new_a species_n be_v produce_v whether_o the_o product_n belong_v to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o material_n or_o to_o he_o for_o who_o the_o work_n be_v make_v as_o to_o which_o the_o two_o great_a sect_n of_o the_o ancient_a lawyer_n be_v divide_v proculus_n and_o his_o follower_n attribute_v the_o property_n of_o all_o material_n to_o he_o that_o make_v the_o work_n and_o sabinus_n and_o his_o attribute_v the_o whole_a to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o material_n but_o tribonian_n midse_v the_o matter_n thus_o that_o if_o the_o product_n can_v easy_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o first_o matter_n the_o owner_n of_o the_o matter_n remain_v proprietar_n of_o the_o whole_a as_o when_o a_o cup_n or_o other_o 〈◊〉_d be_v make_v of_o metal_n but_o otherways_o the_o material_n cedes_fw-la to_o the_o workmanship_n not_o only_a when_o the_o material_n be_v consume_v but_o even_o when_o they_o remain_v and_o can_v be_v reduce_v to_o their_o first_o nature_n as_o wine_n of_o other_o man_n grape_n malt_n of_o other_o man_n bear_n cloth_n of_o other_o man_n wool_n and_o even_o a_o ship_n of_o other_o man_n timber_n but_o not_o by_o maultning_n of_o barley_n or_o die_v of_o cloth_n or_o the_o like_a which_o change_v not_o the_o species_n conanus_fw-la be_v of_o opinion_n that_o whether_o the_o workmanship_n or_o the_o material_n be_v more_o precious_a the_o property_n be_v carry_v by_o the_o value_n and_o 〈◊〉_d esteem_v that_o there_o arise_v a_o communion_n as_o in_o confusion_n of_o liquor_n proportion_v according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o material_n and_o workmanship_n positive_a law_n or_o custom_n may_v without_o injustice_n follow_v any_o of_o these_o way_n reparation_n be_v always_o make_v to_o the_o party_n who_o lose_v his_o interest_n unless_o the_o presumption_n be_v strong_a enough_o to_o infer_v that_o the_o workmanship_n be_v perform_v animo_fw-la donandi_fw-la by_o he_o who_o know_v the_o material_n belong_v to_o other_o in_o immovables_n the_o constitution_n or_o transmisson_n of_o property_n be_v express_v in_o write_n and_o be_v part_v in_o many_o interest_n but_o in_o movable_n property_n be_v simple_a and_o full_a without_o servitude_n and_o there_o be_v no_o other_o interest_n in_o they_o unless_o they_o be_v impledged_a neither_o need_v the_o title_n constitution_n or_o transmission_n of_o property_n in_o movable_n be_v instruct_v by_o write_n but_o be_v presume_v from_o possession_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o restitution_n or_o recovery_n of_o movable_n from_o the_o possessor_n thereof_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o instruct_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v a_o sufficient_a right_n thereto_o as_o by_o the_o birth_n or_o fruit_n of_o his_o ground_n or_o cattle_n or_o as_o be_v buy_v by_o he_o and_o in_o his_o possession_n but_o he_o must_v instruct_v the_o manner_n how_o his_o possession_n cease_v as_o be_v either_o take_v from_o he_o by_o violence_n or_o by_o stealth_n or_o have_v stray_v and_o be_v lose_v or_o the_o like_a and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v because_o moveable_n pass_v without_o write_v and_o ofttimes_o without_o witness_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o right_a party_n once_o have_v to_o movable_n it_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v transmit_v by_o donation_n sale_n or_o otherways_o unless_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o he_o lose_v possession_n as_o aforesaid_a or_o otherways_o that_o it_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o defender_n oath_n that_o he_o know_v the_o thing_n in_o question_n to_o be_v the_o pursuer_n proper_a good_n for_o in_o that_o case_n even_o his_o private_a knowledge_n will_v prejudge_v he_o though_o he_o have_v buy_v it_o at_o a_o competent_a rate_n though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o heritable_a right_n to_o who_o constitution_n and_o transmission_n write_v and_o solemnity_n be_v necessary_a neither_o will_v it_o avail_v though_o it_o be_v a_o horse_n buy_v in_o public_a mercat_n and_o book_v there_o for_o we_o have_v not_o the_o privilege_n of_o fair_n which_o the_o english_a have_v that_o horse_n buy_v in_o public_a mercat_n shall_v be_v secure_v to_o the_o buyer_n without_o further_a question_n but_o he_o buy_v the_o same_o with_o the_o peril_n of_o the_o seller_n right_a march_v 19_o 1639._o ferguson_n contra_fw-la forrest_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o all_o action_n for_o recovery_n of_o moveable_n there_o be_v no_o more_o libel_v then_o that_o the_o moveable_n be_v the_o proper_a good_n of_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o in_o his_o possession_n for_o such_o time_n by_o use_v the_o same_o as_o his_o own_o proper_a good_n and_o condescend_v how_o he_o cease_v to_o possess_v as_o be_v lend_v by_o he_o which_o be_v find_v relevant_a to_o be_v prove_v by_o witness_n though_o the_o question_n be_v of_o a_o book_n of_o a_o considerable_a value_n january_n 27._o 1665._o walter_n scot_n oy_o to_o scotishtarbet_n contra_fw-la sir_n john_n fletcher_n or_o that_o the_o good_n do_v stray_v february_n 3._o 1672._o scot_n of_o gorrenberrie_n contra_fw-la elliot_n or_o if_o the_o good_n be_v in_o possession_n of_o a_o defunct_a at_o his_o death_n the_o presumption_n of_o sale_n cease_v or_o if_o there_o be_v a_o strong_a contrary_a presumption_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o jewel_n which_o the_o defender_n neither_o can_v use_v as_o proper_a to_o his_o quality_n and_o he_o be_v not_o a_o merchant_n or_o jewler_n these_o jewel_n be_v once_o in_o pignorat_fw-la by_o write_n in_o that_o case_n possession_n be_v not_o find_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v property_n december_n 12._o 1665._o john_n ramsay_n contra_fw-la james_n wilson_n and_o even_o in_o the_o case_n of_o ship_n of_o war_n which_o be_v the_o most_o considerable_a moveable_n property_n be_v presume_v by_o possession_n without_o write_n july_n 26._o 1673._o captain_n hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la the_o owner_n of_o the_o statine_a and_o the_o property_n of_o money_n be_v infer_v by_o have_v the_o key_n of_o the_o chest_n in_o which_o the_o money_n be_v unseal_v unless_o a_o contrary_n positive_a probation_n be_v adduce_v june_n 18._o 1675._o tailor_n contra_fw-la rankin_n yea_o moveable_n acquire_v bona_fw-la side_n for_o cause_n onerous_a be_v find_v not_o liable_a to_o a_o hypothecation_n or_o condition_n of_o a_o write_a disposition_n of_o they_o unless_o they_o have_v be_v affect_v with_o diligence_n when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v dispone_v with_o these_o condition_n december_n 17._o 1675._o creditor_n of_o james_n masterioun_n contra_fw-la creditor_n of_o ally_n thin_a these_o be_v the_o way_n of_o appropriation_n by_o private_a right_n appropriation_n by_o public_a right_n be_v by_o war_n and_o force_n where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a judge_n or_o authority_n for_o in_o that_o case_n equity_n and_o that_o common_a justice_n which_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o nation_n as_o the_o rule_n of_o right_n and_o wrong_n especial_o in_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v own_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n for_o obtain_v satisfaction_n by_o force_n where_o it_o be_v deny_v by_o justice_n but_o our_o design_n here_o be_v only_o to_o consider_v private_a right_n we_o shall_v but_o noise_n that_o which_o by_o public_a authority_n be_v allow_v in_o these_o case_n to_o be_v the_o peculiar_a right_n of_o private_a person_n which_o do_v only_o reach_v moveable_n seize_v upon_o by_o reprysal_n or_o the_o good_n of_o enemy_n or_o their_o partaker_n take_v in_o public_a war._n 42._o reprysal_n or_o letter_n of_o mark_n be_v grant_v by_o prince_n or_o state_n
in_o arbitrio_fw-la judicis_fw-la whether_o to_o grant_v a_o conjunct_a probation_n before_o answer_v to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o adjudication_n or_o to_o discuss_v the_o relevancy_n first_o and_o then_o to_o admit_v the_o point_n find_v relevant_a to_o probation_n but_o in_o the_o other_o way_n witness_n be_v adduce_v for_o either_o party_n yet_o this_o be_v only_o ex_fw-la nobili_fw-la officio_fw-la the_o lord_n remit_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o admiral_n and_o ordain_v he_o to_o proceed_v to_o discuss_v the_o relevancy_n there_o be_v pregnant_a ground_n of_o adjudication_n instant_o verify_v june_n 12._o 1673._o and_o upon_o his_o refusal_n they_o do_v advocate_n the_o cause_n to_o themselves_o they_o do_v also_o ordain_v the_o admiral_n to_o proceed_v upon_o the_o evidence_n adduce_v to_o adjudge_v or_o assoilzie_n without_o allow_v a_o conjunct_a probation_n before_o answer_n and_o declare_v that_o if_o he_o proceed_v not_o according_o they_o will_v advocate_n the_o cause_n albeit_o the_o danish_a treaty_n bear_v that_o their_o ship_n shall_v not_o be_v meddle_v with_o or_o their_o good_n disload_v till_o they_o be_v adjudge_v in_o a_o court_n of_o admiralty_n for_o the_o lord_n be_v the_o king_n great_a court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o his_o commissioner_n in_o england_n be_v judge_n in_o the_o second_o instance_n of_o pryze_n bring_v before_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n december_n 17._o 1673._o captain_n stuart_n contra_fw-la the_o owner_n of_o the_o danish_a ship_n call_v the_o seal_n fish_n when_o question_n concern_v prize_n come_v before_o the_o lord_n they_o do_v not_o exclude_v the_o defence_n of_o stranger_n as_o be_v competent_a and_o omit_v in_o the_o first_o instance_n though_o that_o be_v a_o rule_n by_o our_o custom_n but_o do_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o nation_n and_o so_o they_o decide_v july_n 23._o 1667._o hans_n jurgan_n contra_fw-la captain_n logan_n which_o be_v the_o first_o case_n occur_v in_o that_o question_n and_o be_v always_o follow_v after_o the_o rule_n by_o which_o the_o lord_n have_v always_o proceed_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o pryze_n have_v be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n and_o therefore_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o admiral_n commission_n be_v not_o find_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n february_n 21._o 1668._o bartholomew_n parkman_n contra_fw-la captain_n allan_n the_o treaty_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o his_o ally_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o differ_v from_o the_o common_a law_n of_o nation_n have_v always_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o lord_n as_o exception_n from_o that_o general_a rule_n and_o good_a defence_n to_o the_o people_n comprehend_v in_o these_o treaty_n in_o dubious_a case_n the_o lord_n have_v proceed_v by_o the_o king_n instruction_n ordinary_o adhibit_v to_o the_o admirality_n of_o all_o his_o kingdom_n that_o they_o may_v keep_v one_o uniform_a rule_n with_o stranger_n in_o which_o not_o only_a respect_n have_v be_v have_v unto_o justice_n but_o even_o favour_n towards_o ally_n and_o policy_n and_o prudence_n towards_o all_o newter_n that_o none_o of_o they_o may_v receive_v irritation_n by_o the_o extension_n of_o justice_n in_o savourable_a case_n 〈◊〉_d the_o ground_n of_o justice_n for_o confiscate_v the_o ship_n of_o those_o who_o be_v not_o enemy_n be_v that_o they_o have_v assist_v the_o enemy_n in_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n and_o thereby_o become_v accessory_n to_o the_o war_n and_o by_o that_o delinquence_n do_v confiscate_v the_o ship_n and_o the_o load_n by_o which_o they_o have_v have_v accession_n for_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n have_v very_o fit_o restrict_v the_o reparation_n of_o this_o delinquence_n so_o as_o not_o to_o state_n the_o party_n offender_n as_o enemy_n and_o thereby_o to_o make_v all_o their_o good_n confiscable_a as_o enemy_n good_n but_o do_v limit_v the_o same_o to_o these_o ship_n in_o which_o the_o concourse_n be_v act_v ifthey_a be_v seize_v in_o that_o voyage_n in_o which_o they_o give_v assistance_n or_o in_o the_o immediate_a return_n engagement_n in_o war_n by_o prince_n and_o state_n can_v just_o hinder_v the_o free_a trade_n of_o other_o people_n upon_o who_o neither_o party_n have_v either_o obligation_n or_o jurisdiction_n but_o the_o common_a consent_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n require_v a_o equality_n and_o neutrality_n in_o all_o other_o party_n that_o they_o concur_v not_o in_o the_o war_n with_o either_o party_n forbear_v assistance_n in_o the_o war_n which_o be_v by_o furnish_v they_o man_n instrument_n of_o war_n material_n special_o requisite_a for_o the_o present_a war_n money_n furnish_v for_o public_a use_n and_o in_o some_o case_n victual_v as_o when_o carry_v to_o place_n besiege_v and_o other_o thing_n which_o have_v promiscuous_a use_n in_o peace_n and_o war_n when_o there_o be_v a_o special_a application_n there_o of_o to_o the_o necessary_a use_n of_o the_o war_n as_o iron_n brass_n leid_n pitch_n tar_n and_o the_o like_a which_o be_v therefore_o call_v counterband-goods_a or_o prohibit-goods_a and_o by_o the_o denunciation_n of_o war_n intimation_n be_v ordinary_o make_v to_o newter_n from_o what_o thing_n to_o abstain_v as_o from_o carry_v of_o counterband-goods_a towards_o enemy_n port_n or_o carry_v the_o good_n and_o ware_n of_o enemy_n whereby_o their_o trade_n be_v promote_v and_o they_o enable_v to_o maintain_v the_o war_n or_o by_o carry_v on_o their_o trade_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o neuter_n and_o therefore_o in_o time_n of_o war_n neuter_n do_v instruct_v their_o vessel_n with_o pass_n and_o other_o document_n instruct_v that_o the_o bottom_n and_o good_n belong_v to_o their_o subject_n freeman_n and_o that_o the_o party_n engage_v in_o the_o war_n or_o any_o of_o their_o subject_n have_v no_o interest_n therein_o which_o pass_n be_v upon_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n or_o master_n thereof_o and_o those_o who_o embark_v the_o load_n and_o where_o there_o be_v any_o treaty_n the_o formula_fw-la of_o such_o pass_n use_v to_o be_v express_v always_o include_v a_o oath_n and_o be_v give_v by_o such_o magistrate_n as_o be_v agree_v upon_o first_o then_o see_v the_o accession_n of_o neuter_n be_v a_o delinquence_n it_o can_v have_v no_o place_n where_o there_o be_v not_o a_o public_a denunce_v war_n which_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v know_v to_o the_o delinquent_n and_o therefore_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n belong_v to_o neuter_n be_v not_o find_v prize_n because_o carry_v counterband-goods_a towards_o the_o enemy_n port_n unless_o the_o war_n have_v be_v nottour_o know_v at_o the_o place_n where_o they_o loose_v at_o the_o time_n when_o they_o loose_v and_o act_n of_o hostility_n and_o declare_v of_o prize_n in_o neighbour_a place_n be_v not_o find_v sufficient_a july_n 22._o 1667._o hans_n jurgan_n contra_fw-la captain_n logan_n the_o like_a be_v find_v of_o a_o ship_n of_o hamburg_n carry_v counterband-goods_a to_o danish_a port_n after_o act_n of_o hostility_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o dane_n because_o the_o ship_n be_v take_v before_o the_o proclamation_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o dane_n february_n 25._o 1668._o merchant_n of_o hamburg_n contra_fw-la captain_n dishingtoun_n if_o ship_n have_v in_o they_o counterband-goods_a they_o may_v be_v bring_v up_o if_o the_o port_n be_v not_o express_v upon_o oath_n and_o be_v a_o free_a port_n or_o be_v contradict_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o skipper_n and_o company_n which_o infer_v a_o full_a probation_n in_o case_n they_o acknowledge_v a_o unfree_a port_n and_o a_o presumptive_a probation_n in_o case_n the_o pass_n bear_v not_o a_o free_a port_n yet_o it_o admit_v a_o contrary_a probation_n for_o prove_v of_o the_o true_a port_n january_n 21._o 1673._o hendrick_n anderson_n master_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o dantzick_n contra_fw-la captain_n dowglas_n the_o like_a be_v find_v where_o the_o pass_v make_v the_o port_n uncertain_a and_o ambiguous_a bear_v london_z to_o be_v the_o port_n but_o a_o great_a fraught_n promise_v if_o the_o ship_n be_v bring_v up_o into_o holland_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v elide_v by_o a_o positive_a contrair_a probation_n february_n 19_o 1673._o the_o owner_n of_o the_o palmtree_n and_o patience_n contra_fw-la captain_n atchison_n among_o counterband_n pitch_n and_o tar_n be_v find_v comprehend_v july_n 9_o 1668._o captain_n allan_n contra_fw-la bartholomew_n parkman_n timber_n proper_a for_o ship_n as_o mast_n etc._n etc._n be_v unquestionable_o counterband_n but_o timber_n of_o promiscuous_a use_n be_v not_o counterband_n except_o in_o special_a case_n for_o the_o peculiar_a use_n of_o the_o war._n there_o be_v a_o particular_a article_n in_o the_o first_o treaty_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o swede_n by_o which_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o in_o regard_n the_o most_o of_o the_o material_n of_o the_o swedish_n trade_n be_v pitch_n tar_n 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n
who_o come_v in_o their_o place_n and_o be_v nominate_v of_o the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n ambulatory_a and_o the_o senator_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n be_v invest_v with_o the_o power_n of_o both_o and_o their_o person_n and_o the_o place_n of_o judicature_n become_v fix_v and_o have_v so_o continue_v near_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n this_o court_n be_v much_o improven_v by_o your_o majesty_n royal_a grandfather_n who_o delight_v exceed_o in_o it_o and_o honouredit_v frequent_o with_o his_o presence_n while_o he_o be_v in_o scotland_n so_o do_v your_o royal_a father_n when_o he_o come_v to_o scotland_n to_o be_v crown_v and_o your_o majesty_n have_v own_v and_o encourage_v it_o more_o than_o any_o your_o majesty_n do_v not_o demand_n or_o expect_v great_a revenue_n from_o this_o kingdom_n that_o which_o we_o can_v be_v useful_a in_o to_o your_o majesty_n be_v our_o personal_a service_n and_o our_o firm_a adherence_n to_o your_o crown_n and_o monarchy_n and_o to_o your_o royal_a family_n in_o which_o we_o have_v a_o peculiar_a interest_n and_o which_o no_o time_n can_v communicate_v to_o any_o of_o your_o other_o dominion_n which_o they_o neither_o can_v claim_v nor_o shall_v invy_v that_o you_o be_v of_o our_o nation_n and_o have_v govern_v we_o during_o twenty_o century_n and_o more_o and_o by_o we_o you_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a king_n in_o the_o world_n which_o be_v the_o most_o noble_a and_o resplendent_a jewel_n in_o your_o crown_n what_o family_n on_o earth_n can_v parallel_v that_o motto_n which_o a_o hundred_o year_n ago_o be_v write_v about_o your_o royal_a ensign_n upon_o your_o palace_n nobis_fw-la haec_fw-la invicta_fw-la miserunt_fw-la centum_fw-la sex_n proavi_fw-la therefore_o your_o royal_a family_n have_v be_v betroth_v to_o a_o virgin_n crown_n which_o never_o know_v another_o husband_n and_o though_o it_o have_v be_v darken_v with_o cloud_n and_o recess_n yet_o never_o be_v and_o i_o hope_v never_o shall_v be_v in_o widuity_n the_o mutual_a affection_n betwixt_o your_o majesty_n royal_a family_n and_o this_o nation_n be_v a_o prime_a interest_n to_o both_o which_o shall_v be_v much_o encourage_v and_o improven_v your_o majesty_n without_o just_a ground_n of_o jealousy_n to_o your_o other_o kingdom_n may_v own_o a_o peculiar_a care_n of_o we_o and_o weought_v to_o 〈◊〉_d a_o singular_a kindness_n to_o and_o confidence_n in_o your_o majesty_n and_o your_o royal_a successor_n this_o may_v he_o so_o promove_v that_o your_o majesty_n may_v by_o treaty_n have_v army_n of_o this_o nation_n abroad_o entertain_v without_o your_o charge_n and_o ready_a at_o your_o call_n as_o you_o have_v dowglas_n regiment_n in_o france_n which_o may_v secure_v your_o peace_n at_o home_n and_o make_v you_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o less_o aid_n from_o your_o people_n you_o may_v also_o have_v thrive_a plantation_n abroad_o if_o these_o who_o every_o year_n go_v from_o this_o nation_n to_o seek_v their_o fortune_n abroad_o be_v direct_v and_o encourage_v and_o it_o be_v certain_o a_o great_a interest_n to_o keep_v the_o nation_n at_o home_n in_o constant_a affection_n index_n of_o the_o title_n of_o the_o whole_a book_n with_o the_o summary_n subjoin_v part_n i._n title_n i._n common_a principle_n of_o law_n 1_o description_n of_o law_n 2_o description_n and_o division_n of_o justice_n 3_o divine_a law_n 4_o reason_n 5_o conscience_n 6_o equity_n 7_o moral_a law_n 8_o positive_a law_n of_o god_n 9_o judicial_a law_n 10_o law_n of_o nation_n 11_o civil_a law_n 12_o feudal_n law_n 13_o canon_n law_n 14_o the_o reason_n of_o humane_a law_n 15_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n 16_o whether_o law_n may_v be_v handle_v as_o a_o rational_a discipline_n 17_o three_o common_a principle_n of_o equity_n and_o three_o of_o positive_a law_n 18_o obedience_n 19_o freedom_n 20_o engagement_n 21_o description_n and_o division_n of_o right_n 22_o method_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o method_n here_o propose_v title_n ii_o of_o liberty_n 1_o liberty_n describe_v 2_o liberty_n 〈◊〉_d from_o dominion_n and_o obligation_n 3_o the_o principle_n whence_o liberty_n arise_v 4_o restraint_n and_o constraint_n 5_o liberty_n be_v bound_v by_o obedience_n 6_o it_o be_v diminish_v by_o delinquence_n 7_o by_o engagement_n 8_o by_o subjection_n 9_o liberty_n be_v lose_v by_o bondage_n 10_o bondage_n introduce_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n 11_o bondage_n lawful_a 12_o manrent_n 13_o manumission_n 14_o patronage_n 15_o the_o condition_n of_o our_o servant_n 16_o injury_n agaio_v liberty_n how_o obviat_fw-la title_n iii_o of_o obligation_n 1_o personal_n right_n and_o obligation_n describe_v 2_o kind_n of_o obligation_n 3_o obediential_a obligation_n describe_v 4_o divide_v 5_o enumerat_fw-la 6_o obligation_n natural_a and_o civil_a 7_o obligation_n principal_a and_o accessary_n 8_o obligation_n pure_a conditional_a and_o to_o a_o day_n title_n iu._n conjugal_a obligation_n 1_o marriage_n a_o divine_a contract_n 2_o whereby_o marriage_n be_v formal_o constitute_v 3_o dissolution_n of_o marriage_n by_o death_n 4_o desertion_n and_o adherence_n 5_o jus_fw-la mariti_fw-la 6_o the_o husband_n obligation_n 7_o the_o power_n of_o the_o husband_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n 8_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o neighbour_n nation_n 9_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o scotland_n 10_o the_o wife_n escheat_n 11_o the_o husband_n be_v concourse_n 12_o a_o wife_n obligation_n null_a 13_o a_o communion_n of_o good_n and_o debt_n 14_o donation_n betwixt_o man_n and_o wife_n revocable_a 15_o dissolution_n of_o marriage_n within_o the_o year_n 16_o divorce_n 17_o right_n arise_v from_o the_o dissolution_n of_o marriage_n 18_o privilege_n of_o wife_n title_n v._o obligation_n between_o parent_n and_o child_n 1_o obligation_n betwixt_o parent_n and_o child_n be_v divine_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 2_o the_o power_n of_o parent_n over_o their_o child_n 3_o in_o infancy_n 4_o in_o minority_n 5_o in_o majority_n 6_o oeconomical_a government_n 7_o provision_n of_o child_n 8_o obligation_n of_o child_n to_o their_o parent_n 9_o aliment_n due_a to_o parent_n 10_o obligation_n mutual_a of_o child_n 11_o patria_fw-la potestas_fw-la among_o the_o roman_n 12_o among_o other_o nation_n especial_o as_o lawful_a administration_n 13_o forissawiliation_n and_o emancipation_n title_n vi_o obligation_n of_o tutor_n and_o curator_n pupil_n minor_n and_o person_n interdict_v 1_o the_o rise_n of_o tutory_a in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 2_o order_n of_o tutory_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 3_o the_o natural_a obligation_n of_o tutor_n 4_o pupil_n obligation_n to_o their_o tutor_n 5_o kind_n of_o tutor_n by_o the_o common_a law_n 6_o tutor_n testamentar_n 7_o tutor_n testamentar_n exclude_v all_o other_o 8_o tutor_n of_o law_n who_o 9_o how_o tutor_n of_o law_n be_v enter_v 10_o the_o time_n within_o which_o they_o must_v enter_v 11_o tutor_n dative_n 12_o pre-tutor_n 13_o factor_n for_o tutor_n 14_o contutor_n 15_o tutor_n custody_n of_o the_o pupil_n person_n 16_o tutor_n authorise_v their_o pupil_n 17_o tutor_n or_o their_o factor_n rightsrelate_v to_o the_o pupil_n accresce_fw-it to_o they_o 18_o tutor_n can_v only_o do_v necessary_a not_o free_a arbitrary_a deed_n but_o may_v not_o sell_v land_n sine_fw-la authoritate_fw-la judicis_fw-la 19_o tutor_n be_v liable_a for_o annualrent_a for_o their_o pupil_n mean_n 20_o tutor_n be_v conveenable_a with_o their_o pupil_n and_o liable_a in_o quantum_fw-la intus_fw-la babent_fw-la 21_o tutor_n account_n 22_o tutor_n be_v liable_a for_o exact_a diligence_n both_o for_o intromission_n and_o omission_n 23_o tutor_n be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la 24_o tutory_a how_v finish_v 25_o tutor_n of_o idiot_n &_o furious_a person_n 26_o gesta_fw-la tutarum_fw-la accrescunt_fw-la pupillis_fw-la 27_o remove_v or_o suspect_v tutor_n 28_o duty_n of_o pupil_n to_o their_o tutor_n 29_o rise_v of_o curator_n 30_o curator_n ad_fw-la light_n &_o negotia_fw-la 31_o minor_n may_v at_o their_o option_n choose_v or_o not_o choose_v their_o curator_n 32_o minor_n deed_n have_v curator_n without_o their_o consent_n be_v ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la null_n nisi_fw-la in_o quantum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 33_o curator_n consent_v not_o requisite_a to_o later-will_n 34_o restitution_n of_o minor_n upon_o enorm_a lesion_n 35_o minor_n non_fw-la tenetur_fw-la placuare_fw-la super_fw-la 〈◊〉_d paternam_fw-la 36_o difference_n betwixt_o tutor_n and_o curator_n 37_o duty_n of_o curator_n 38_o curator_n or_o interdictor_n for_o prodigal_n or_o lavish_a person_n 39_o interdictor_n constitute_v causâ_fw-la cognitâ_fw-la 40_o interdiction_n by_o parent_n consent_v 41_o publication_n and_o registration_n of_o interdiction_n 42_o interdiction_n extend_v only_o to_o heritable_a right_n not_o movable_n nor_o to_o personal_a execution_n 43_o interdiction_n be_v only_o competent_a by_o way_n of_o reduction_n 44_o interdiction_n can_v be_v take_v off_o but_o by_o authority_n of_o a_o judge_n title_n vii_o restitution_n 1_o restitution_n of_o other_o
creditor_n have_v only_a repetition_n against_o these_o 71_o executor_n after_o obtain_v bond_n or_o decreet_a be_v not_o in_o pleno_fw-la dominio_fw-la of_o the_o defunct_n good_n not_o do_v they_o fall_v under_o the_o executor_n escheat_n but_o the_o defunct_n creditor_n be_v preferable_a to_o the_o executor_n proper_a creditor_n 72_o executor_n may_v pay_v privilege_v debt_n at_o any_o time_n 73_o arrestment_n hinder_v the_o executor_n to_o prefer_v any_o creditor_n 74_o compensation_n be_v not_o competent_a to_o the_o defunct_n debtor_n upon_o debt_n due_a by_o the_o defunct_a assign_v after_o the_o defunct_n death_n 75_o exoneration_n of_o executor_n 76_o exhaust_v of_o executor_n how_o competent_a 77_o the_o diligence_n necessary_a to_o liberat_fw-la executor_n executor_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o depone_v upon_o their_o knowledge_n of_o the_o defunct_n debt_n except_o as_o to_o their_o own_o share_n 78_o how_o far_o co-executor_n be_v conveenable_a several_o 80_o executor_n survive_v be_v not_o liable_a for_o the_o share_n of_o the_o decease_a in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o execute_v the_o testament_n and_o lift_v their_o part_n 81_o executor_n be_v liable_a for_o the_o inventary_a without_o prove_v their_o intromission_n 82_o where_o testament_n be_v to_o be_v confirm_v title_n xxxi_o vicious_a intromission_n 1_o vicious_a intromission_n only_o a_o passive_a and_o no_o active_a title_n even_o against_o other_o vicious_a intrometter_n without_o assignation_n from_o the_o creditor_n 2_o vicious_a intromission_n be_v the_o most_o extensive_a palsive_a title_n reach_v not_o only_o those_o who_o may_v represent_v the_o defunct_a but_o all_o other_o intromet_n ter_n 3_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o large_a extent_n of_o this_o title_n 4_o all_o vicious_a intrometter_n be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la and_o conveenable_a several_o 5_o whether_o vicious_a intromission_n be_v competent_a by_o exception_n 6_o vicious_a intromission_n sustain_v general_o without_o the_o pursuer_n condescendence_n 7_o vicious_a intromission_n be_v only_o competent_a to_o creditor_n 8_o how_o far_o vicious_a intromission_n must_v be_v universal_a 9_o vicious_a intromission_n be_v exclude_v if_o executor_n be_v confirm_v before_o citation_n though_o after_o the_o intromission_n whether_o executor_n creditor_n be_v confirm_v exclude_v vicious_a intromission_n pursue_v thereafter_o 11_o how_o far_o confirmation_n of_o executor_n although_o after_o citation_n exclude_v vicious_a intromission_n 12_o superintromission_a 13_o vicious_a intromission_n how_o far_o exclude_v by_o gift_n of_o escheat_n and_o declarator_n 14_o vicious_a intromission_n be_v exclude_v by_o any_o colourable_a title_n though_o defective_a 15_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n as_o to_o intromission_n 16_o vicious_a intromission_n sapit_fw-la delictum_fw-la and_o be_v only_o competent_a against_o intrometter_n themselves_o during_o their_o life_n 17_o how_o far_o vicious_a intromission_n be_v exclude_v by_o acquire_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la title_n i._n common_a principle_n of_o law_n 1._o description_n of_o law_n 2._o description_n and_o division_n of_o justice_n 3._o divine_a law_n 4._o reason_n 5._o conscience_n 6._o equity_n 7._o moral_a law_n 8._o positive_a law_n of_o god_n 9_o judicial_a law_n 10._o law_n of_o nation_n 11._o civil_a law_n 12._o feudal_n law_n 13._o cannon_n law_n 14._o the_o reason_n of_o humane_a law_n 15._o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n 16._o whether_o law_n may_v be_v handle_v as_o a_o rational_a discipline_n 17._o three_o common_a principle_n of_o equity_n and_o three_o of_o positive_a law_n 18._o obedience_n 19_o freedom_n 20._o engagement_n 21._o description_n and_o division_n of_o right_n 22._o method_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o method_n here_o propose_v my_o design_n be_v to_o give_v a_o description_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o scotland_n such_o as_o may_v not_o only_o be_v profitable_a for_o judge_n and_o lawyer_n but_o may_v be_v pleasant_a and_o useful_a to_o all_o person_n of_o honour_n and_o discretion_n i_o do_v resolve_v to_o raise_v my_o thought_n and_o they_o to_o a_o distinct_a consideration_n of_o the_o fountain_n and_o foundation_n of_o the_o peculiar_a law_n of_o all_o nation_n which_o common_a reason_n make_v intelligible_a to_o the_o judicious_a when_o plain_o and_o orderly_o propose_v and_o therefore_o have_v always_o in_o the_o first_o place_n set_v forth_o that_o common_a rule_n of_o material_a justice_n by_o which_o mankind_n ought_v to_o govern_v themselves_o though_o they_o have_v no_o positive_a statute_n or_o custom_n and_o then_o show_v how_o these_o be_v thence_o introduce_v i_o have_v therefore_o choose_v the_o method_n i_o think_v fit_a for_o this_o purpose_n and_o the_o term_n most_o intelligible_a in_o common_a use_n and_o have_v as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v forbear_v the_o term_n of_o art_n no_o man_n can_v be_v a_o know_v lawer_fw-we in_o any_o nation_n who_o have_v not_o well_o ponder_v and_o digest_v in_o his_o mind_n the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o world_n from_o whence_o the_o interpretation_n extension_n and_o limitation_n of_o all_o statute_n and_o custom_n must_v be_v bring_v i_o have_v therefore_o begin_v with_o the_o common_a principle_n of_o law_n and_o thence_o have_v lay_v down_o the_o method_n i_o follow_v and_o have_v explain_v the_o general_a term_n common_o make_v use_n of_o in_o law_n there_o be_v no_o term_n of_o which_o man_n have_v a_o more_o common_a but_o confuse_v apprehension_n than_o what_o law_n be_v and_o yet_o there_o be_v few_o term_n hard_a to_o be_v distinct_o conceive_v or_o describe_v the_o clear_a conception_n of_o it_o i_o can_v find_v be_v thus_o 1._o law_n be_v the_o dictat_fw-la of_o reason_n determine_v every_o rational_a be_v to_o that_o which_o be_v congruous_a and_o convenient_a for_o its_o nature_n and_o condition_n this_o will_v extend_v to_o the_o determination_n of_o indifferency_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n god_n almighty_a though_o he_o be_v accountable_a to_o and_o controllable_a by_o none_o and_o so_o have_v the_o absolute_a freedom_n of_o his_o choice_n yet_o do_v he_o unchangeable_o determine_v himself_o by_o his_o goodness_n righteousness_n and_o truth_n which_o therefore_o make_v the_o absolute_a sovereign_a divine_a law_n the_o same_o be_v also_o the_o law_n of_o all_o rational_a creature_n by_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o determine_v and_o rule_v their_o free_a action_n but_o the_o congruity_n and_o conveniency_n of_o their_o nature_n afford_v they_o other_o dictate_v of_o their_o reason_n which_o quadrat_fw-la not_o with_o the_o divine_a nature_n such_o as_o adoration_n obedience_n common_a to_o angel_n and_o men._n and_o reason_n do_v determine_v mankind_n yet_o further_o from_o the_o conveniency_n of_o his_o nature_n and_o state_n to_o be_v humble_a penitent_a careful_a and_o diligent_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o kind_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v sociable_a and_o helpful_a and_o to_o do_v only_o that_o which_o be_v convenient_a for_o mankind_n to_o be_v do_v by_o every_o one_o in_o the_o same_o condition_n whereof_o the_o rule_n in_o the_o gospel_n be_v a_o excellent_a test_n quodtibi_fw-la fierinon_fw-la vis_fw-la alteri_fw-la ne_fw-la feceris_fw-la thence_o also_o be_v the_o three_o common_a precept_n in_o the_o roman_a law_n honest_a vivere_fw-la alterum_fw-la non_fw-la ledere_fw-la suum_fw-la cuique_fw-la tribuere_fw-la all_o which_o be_v evident_o the_o common_a interest_n and_o advantage_n of_o mankind_n this_o be_v that_o eternal_a law_n which_o can_v be_v alter_v be_v found_v upon_o a_o unchangeable_a ground_n the_o congruity_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n angel_n and_o man_n and_o therefore_o god_n can_v deny_v himself_o or_o act_v unsuitable_o to_o his_o divine_a perfection_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v shall_v not_o the_o judge_n of_o all_o the_o earth_n do_v just_o and_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o god_n to_o lie_v not_o by_o any_o fatal_a necessity_n as_o if_o he_o have_v not_o power_n and_o freedom_n enough_o but_o because_o his_o goodness_n justice_n and_o truth_n be_v as_o certain_a by_o his_o free_a choice_n as_o be_v his_o omnipotency_n and_o sovereignty_n this_o be_v also_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n because_o it_o arise_v from_o the_o congruity_n or_o conveniency_n of_o nature_n and_o thence_o be_v know_v by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n 2._o correspondent_n to_o these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n wherein_o law_n consist_v which_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n there_o be_v a_o inclination_n in_o the_o will_n to_o observe_v and_o follow_v these_o dictate_v which_o be_v justice_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v describe_v constans_n &_o perpetua_fw-la voluntas_fw-la suum_fw-la cuique_fw-la tribuendi_fw-la where_o by_o the_o will_n be_v not_o understand_v the_o faculty_n but_o the_o inclination_n thereof_o determine_v by_o the_o law_n to_o give_v every_o one_o that_o which_o the_o law_n declare_v to_o be_v due_a and_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o distributive_a and_o commutative_a justice_n distributive_a justice_n be_v the_o inclination_n to_o retribute_v reward_n to_o
that_o god_n be_v to_o be_v obey_v by_o man_n 2._o that_o man_n be_v a_o free_a creature_n have_v power_n to_o dispose_v of_o himself_o and_o of_o all_o thing_n in_o so_o far_o as_o by_o his_o obedience_n to_o god_n he_o be_v not_o restrain_v 3._o that_o this_o freedom_n of_o man_n be_v in_o his_o own_o power_n and_o may_v be_v restrain_v by_o his_o voluntar_n engagement_n which_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o fulfil_v or_o take_v they_o up_o more_o summarily_a the_o first_o principle_n of_o right_o be_v obedience_n freedom_n and_o engagement_n there_o be_v also_o three_o prime_a principle_n of_o the_o positive_a law_n who_o aim_n and_o terest_n be_v the_o profit_n and_o utility_n of_o man_n as_o the_o natural_a law_n be_v in_o equo_fw-la so_o the_o positive_a law_n be_v in_o bono_fw-mi or_o utili_fw-la and_o upon_o those_o two_o leg_n do_v justice_n move_v in_o give_v every_o man_n his_o right_n if_o man_n have_v not_o fall_v there_o have_v be_v no_o distinction_n betwixt_o bonum_fw-la and_o equum_fw-la nor_o have_v there_o be_v anything_o more_o profitable_a than_o the_o full_a follow_v of_o the_o natural_a law_n but_o man_n be_v now_o deprave_v and_o want_v justice_n or_o that_o willingness_n to_o give_v every_o man_n his_o right_n and_o apt_a to_o fraud_n or_o force_n therefore_o in_o this_o estate_n it_o be_v profitable_a for_o he_o to_o quit_v something_o of_o that_o which_o by_o equity_n be_v his_o due_n for_o peace_n and_o quietness_n sake_n rather_o than_o to_o use_v compulsion_n and_o quarrel_v in_o all_o thing_n and_o to_o find_v out_o expedient_n and_o help_v to_o make_v equity_n effectual_a and_o therefore_o to_o make_v up_o society_n of_o man_n that_o they_o may_v mutual_o defend_v one_o another_o and_o procure_v to_o one_o another_o their_o right_n and_o also_o to_o set_v clear_a limit_n to_o every_o man_n property_n and_o to_o maintain_v traffic_n and_o commerce_n among_o themselves_o and_o with_o other_o so_o that_o the_o three_o principle_n of_o positive_a law_n may_v be_v society_n property_n and_o commerce_n the_o principle_n of_o equity_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o right_n and_o law_n the_o principle_n of_o positive_a law_n be_v the_o final_a cause_n or_o end_n for_o which_o law_n be_v make_v and_o right_n constitute_v and_o order_v and_o all_o of_o they_o may_v aim_v at_o the_o maintenance_n flourish_v and_o peace_n of_o society_n the_o security_n of_o property_n and_o the_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n and_o so_o the_o narrative_n of_o statute_n do_v common_o bear_v the_o motive_n introductory_n towards_o some_o of_o these_o head_n 18._o obedience_n be_v that_o submission_n and_o sequacity_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o will_n of_o man_n to_o the_o authority_n and_o will_n of_o his_o maker_n immediate_o obliege_v without_o any_o tie_n upon_o he_o by_o himself_o intimate_v to_o he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n light_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o conscience_n whereby_o man_n distinguish_v betwixt_o right_n and_o wrong_n betwixt_o what_o be_v duty_n and_o what_o be_v not_o duty_n hence_o do_v arise_v these_o obligation_n upon_o man_n which_o be_v not_o by_o his_o own_o consent_n or_o engagement_n nor_o by_o the_o will_n of_o man_n but_o by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o therefore_o these_o be_v fit_o call_v obediential_a obligation_n the_o first_o and_o most_o general_a of_o these_o be_v to_o love_v the_o lord_n our_o god_n with_o all_o our_o heart_n and_o our_o neighbour_n as_o ourselves_o upon_o which_o say_v our_o saviour_n hang_v all_o the_o law_n and_o the_o prophet_n matth._n 22._o vers_fw-la 40._o which_o be_v a_o clear_a demonstration_n from_o his_o mouth_n of_o the_o dependence_n of_o the_o moral_a law_n upon_o this_o principle_n such_o be_v also_o the_o obligation_n betwixt_o husband_n and_o wife_n parent_n and_o child_n and_o the_o obligation_n of_o restitution_n reparation_n and_o remuneration_n in_o all_o which_o we_o be_v engage_v not_o by_o our_o will_n and_o consent_n and_o such_o be_v the_o obligation_n which_o the_o civilian_n call_v quasi_fw-la ex_fw-la contractu_fw-la because_o they_o find_v they_o obligatory_a and_o yet_o not_o by_o contract_n and_o not_o advert_v this_o their_o rise_n from_o obedience_n reduce_v they_o to_o contract_n by_o a_o qua_v 19_o where_o obedience_n end_v there_o freedom_n begin_v and_o man_n by_o nature_n be_v free_a in_o all_o thing_n where_o this_o obedience_n have_v not_o tie_v he_o until_o he_o oblige_v himself_o it_o be_v a_o great_a mercy_n to_o man_n that_o god_n have_v oblige_v he_o only_o in_o a_o few_o necessary_a moral_a duty_n and_o have_v leave_v he_o free_a in_o much_o more_o without_o any_o tie_n upon_o he_o as_o to_o the_o matter_n but_o with_o a_o liberty_n ad_fw-la contradictoria_fw-la that_o he_o may_v do_v or_o not_o do_v and_o ad_fw-la contraria_fw-la that_o he_o may_v do_v this_o or_o the_o contrair_n provide_v that_o whatsoever_o he_o do_v even_o where_o he_o be_v free_a be_v order_v and_o direct_v to_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n it_o have_v be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o both_o learned_a and_o pious_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o indifferent_a in_o actu_fw-la exercito_fw-la or_o as_o it_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o circumstance_n but_o that_o then_o every_o thing_n be_v a_o duty_n or_o a_o sin_n and_o that_o because_o all_o thing_n must_v be_v do_v to_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n and_o to_o mutual_a edification_n from_o whence_o there_o be_v no_o exception_n and_o so_o be_v not_o free_a that_o we_o must_v make_v account_n of_o every_o idle_a word_n and_o that_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o try_v all_o thing_n and_o to_o hold_v that_o which_o be_v best_a these_o reason_n indeed_o conclude_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o free_a as_o to_o this_o contradiction_n either_o to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n or_o not_o and_o to_o edification_n and_o use_v or_o not_o but_o do_v not_o conclude_v that_o there_o be_v duty_n or_o necessity_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o action_n itself_o of_o which_o either_o part_n of_o the_o contradiction_n may_v be_v choose_v so_o that_o either_o part_n be_v useful_a and_o order_v to_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n as_o say_v the_o apostle_n he_o that_o observe_v a_o day_n observe_v it_o to_o the_o lord_n and_o he_o that_o observe_v not_o do_v so_o to_o the_o lord_n and_o likewife_n in_o that_o undeniable_a instance_n of_o marriage_n wherein_o the_o apostle_n debate_v of_o the_o conveniency_n to_o marry_v or_o not_o to_o marry_o do_v conclude_v so_o that_o he_o that_o marry_v do_v well_o but_o he_o that_o marry_v not_o do_v better_a whereby_o both_o part_n of_o the_o contradiction_n be_v approven_v and_o that_o which_o be_v less_o profitable_a be_v say_v to_o be_v well_o do_v therefore_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o duty_n which_o be_v necessary_a and_o wherein_o we_o be_v oblige_v though_o we_o mistake_v or_o be_v wilful_o ignorant_a by_o the_o very_a weight_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o absoluteness_n of_o the_o command_n wherein_o the_o order_n of_o what_o be_v forbid_v to_o god_n glory_n will_v not_o justify_v as_o we_o may_v not_o do_v evil_a that_o good_a may_v come_v of_o it_o as_o those_o who_o kill_v the_o apostle_n be_v far_o from_o be_v justify_v though_o they_o think_v they_o do_v god_n good_a service_n thereby_o these_o thing_n be_v bona_fw-la honesta_fw-la &_o mala_fw-la inhonesta_fw-la but_o matter_n of_o expediency_n be_v but_o bona_fw-la utilia_fw-la or_o mala_fw-la inutilia_fw-la and_o not_o inhonesta_fw-la and_o therefore_o our_o duty_n in_o these_o be_v that_o which_o we_o conceive_v most_o to_o be_v for_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n and_o good_a of_o ourselves_o and_o other_o but_o if_o we_o do_v mistake_v and_o choose_v that_o which_o be_v less_o expedient_a for_o these_o end_n we_o be_v free_a god_n seem_v to_o do_v with_o man_n as_o prince_n do_v with_o their_o ambassador_n to_o who_o they_o give_v some_o express_a instruction_n wherein_o they_o have_v no_o latitude_n in_o their_o negotiation_n and_o for_o the_o rest_n to_o do_v as_o they_o shall_v judge_v most_o fit_a upon_o the_o place_n wherein_o if_o act_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la they_o mistake_v and_o do_v not_o that_o which_o be_v most_o fit_a they_o be_v not_o culpable_a so_o man_n be_v send_v into_o the_o world_n to_o behold_v the_o work_n of_o god_n and_o to_o glorify_v he_o for_o do_v whereof_o he_o have_v some_o rule_n write_v in_o his_o heart_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o in_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o for_o the_o rest_n be_v allow_v to_o do_v as_o he_o conceive_v most_o conducible_a thereto_o that_o whether_o heeat_a or_o drink_v or_o whatsoever_o else_o he_o do_v he_o do_v all_o to_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n it_o be_v a_o sad_a rack_n to_o the_o conscience_n of_o man_n if_o their_o error_n and_o mistake_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o
recompense_v and_o therefore_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o obediential_a or_o natural_a obligation_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o god_n and_o our_o obedience_n to_o he_o grotius_n l._n 2._o cap._n 10._o de_fw-la jure_fw-la belli_n §_o 8._o do_v not_o own_o this_o obligation_n as_o natural_a but_o as_o arise_v exit_fw-la lege_fw-la civili_fw-la nullum_fw-la enim_fw-la say_v he_o habet_fw-la eorum_fw-la fundamentorum_fw-la ex_fw-la quibus_fw-la natura_fw-la obligationem_fw-la inducit_fw-la but_o the_o contrary_n appear_v not_o only_o from_o what_o be_v say_v but_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o law_n itself_o which_o reckon_v the_o obligation_n negotiorum_fw-la gestorum_fw-la not_o among_o contract_n or_o obligation_n or_o action_n ex_fw-la lege_fw-la but_o among_o these_o which_o be_v ex_fw-la quasi_fw-la contractu_fw-la that_o this_o obligation_n be_v effectual_a if_o it_o be_v profitable_o carry_v on_o though_o the_o success_n answer_v not_o be_v acknowledge_v in_o law_n and_o set_v forth_o by_o a_o excellent_a species_n by_o ulpian_n l._n 10._o §_o 1._o f._n de_fw-fr negotiis_fw-la gestis_fw-la it_o justify_v say_v he_o if_o the_o negotiator_n do_v profitable_o act_v although_o the_o affair_n have_v not_o the_o effect_n as_o if_o he_o have_v cure_a a_o sick_a servant_n if_o not_o with_o stand_v the_o cure_n the_o servant_n die_v he_o have_v this_o action_n 3._o from_o this_o obligation_n there_o arise_v mutual_a action_n the_o one_o direct_v whereby_o he_o who_o affair_n be_v manage_v crave_v account_n and_o restitution_n of_o the_o negotiator_n and_o reparation_n of_o what_o he_o have_v do_v amiss_o and_o the_o contrair_a action_n to_o the_o negotiator_n whereby_o he_o crave_v recompense_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o what_o he_o have_v profitable_o expend_v and_o for_o his_o labour_n and_o pain_n but_o the_o action_n be_v valid_a on_o either_o part_n whether_o intend_v directe_v or_o utiliter_fw-la l._n actio_fw-la ff_n 47._o de_fw-la negotiis_fw-la gestis_fw-la 4._o the_o negotiator_n be_v hold_v not_o only_o to_o answer_v for_o fraud_n but_o pro_fw-la culpae_fw-la levi_fw-la for_o his_o fault_n though_o light_n yea_o if_o any_o other_o negotiator_n offer_v who_o he_o exclude_v for_o the_o light_a he_o may_v be_v make_v also_o to_o follow_v forth_o his_o negotiation_n according_a to_o that_o precept_n susceptum_fw-la perfice_fw-la munus_fw-la but_o this_o and_o the_o exactness_n of_o diligence_n be_v induce_v by_o positive_a law_n equity_n leave_v the_o negotiator_n free_a if_o he_o have_v act_v profitable_o though_o he_o may_v have_v act_v more_o profitable_o in_o make_v his_o party_n liable_a to_o he_o according_a to_o his_o act_n 5._o the_o other_o obligation_n of_o recompense_n be_v for_o that_o whereby_o we_o be_v enrich_v by_o another_o mean_n without_o purpose_n of_o donation_n which_o be_v only_o presume_v in_o few_o case_n even_o he_o who_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la build_v upon_o another_o man_n ground_n or_o repair_v unnecessar_o his_o house_n be_v not_o presume_v to_o do_v it_o animo_fw-la donandi_fw-la but_o have_v recompense_n by_o the_o owner_n in_o quantum_fw-la lucratus_fw-la l._n 38._o ff_n de_fw-fr haereditatis_fw-la petitione_n this_o remuneration_n be_v a_o most_o natural_a obligation_n as_o cicero_n l._n 3._o de_fw-la officiis_fw-la say_v that_o it_o be_v against_o nature_n for_o a_o man_n of_o another_o damnage_n to_o increase_v his_o profit_n and_o again_o justice_n suffer_v not_o that_o with_o the_o spoil_n of_o other_o we_o shall_v augment_v our_o riches_n and_o therefore_o this_o be_v a_o common_a exception_n in_o all_o positive_a law_n that_o every_o one_o shall_v be_v hold_v in_o quantum_fw-la locupletior_fw-la factus_fw-la sit_fw-la so_o pupil_n though_o they_o can_v oblige_v themselves_o by_o contract_n yet_o if_o they_o receive_v that_o which_o be_v another_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o recompense_n in_o quantum_fw-la locupletiores_fw-la facti_fw-la l._n sed_fw-la mihi_fw-la ff_n commodati_fw-la minor_n also_o though_o by_o positive_a law_n they_o be_v not_o liable_a for_o what_o they_o borrow_v and_o receive_v and_o misspend_v yet_o they_o be_v liable_a in_o quantum_fw-la locupletiores_fw-la facti_fw-la sunt_fw-la 6._o hence_o arise_v the_o action_n in_o law_n the_o in_o rem_fw-la verso_fw-it whereby_o whatsoever_o turn_v to_o the_o profit_n of_o any_o make_v he_o thereby_o liable_a though_o without_o any_o engagement_n of_o his_o own_o we_o be_v enrich_v either_o by_o accession_n of_o gain_n or_o prevention_n of_o loss_n whence_o be_v the_o obligation_n of_o contribution_n for_o make_v up_o good_n throw_v out_o to_o lighten_v ship_n whereby_o shipwreck_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o all_o be_v prevent_v lege_fw-la rodia_n de_fw-la jactu_fw-la ff_n l._n 2._o by_o which_o whatsoever_o be_v throw_v out_o to_o lighten_v a_o ship_n for_o prevent_v shipwreck_n be_v to_o be_v satisfy_v by_o the_o contribution_n of_o all_o who_o enjoy_v that_o common_a benefit_n of_o safety_n from_o shipwreck_n proportional_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o what_o be_v thereby_o save_v wherein_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n bear_v their_o share_n l._n 2._o §_o 2._o eodem_fw-la wherein_o not_o only_a jewel_n though_o of_o small_a weight_n but_o even_o the_o clothes_n and_o ring_n of_o passenger_n bear_v a_o share_n ibidem_fw-la and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n may_v detain_v their_o good_n till_o their_o share_n be_v pay_v l._n 2._o §_o 1._o codem_fw-la which_o hold_v also_o when_o there_o be_v hazard_n of_o naufrage_fw-la by_o enter_v a_o shallow_a river_n or_o port_n if_o a_o part_n of_o the_o good_n be_v put_v in_o a_o boat_n and_o perish_v the_o value_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v satisfy_v by_o contribution_n contribution_n be_v also_o make_v for_o what_o be_v pay_v for_o redemption_n of_o ship_n from_o pirate_n which_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o thing_n take_v away_o by_o pirate_n or_o robber_n out_o of_o ship_n l._n 2._o §_o 3._o eodem_fw-la this_o lex_fw-la rodia_n be_v now_o become_v a_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o common_o receive_v by_o all_o for_o its_o expediency_n to_o prevent_v shipwreck_n and_o to_o encourage_v merchant_n to_o throw_v out_o their_o good_n see_v thereby_o they_o will_v but_o bear_v their_o share_n of_o the_o loss_n but_o this_o law_n be_v not_o declaratory_a of_o pure_a equity_n and_o do_v hold_v by_o custom_n otherways_o what_o any_o party_n do_v for_o his_o own_o profit_n though_o it_o have_v a_o consequential_a advantage_n to_o other_o it_o will_v not_o oblige_v they_o to_o bear_v a_o share_n of_o the_o expense_n nor_o will_v it_o be_v interpret_v as_o negotium_fw-la 〈◊〉_d for_o he_o who_o improve_v aright_o though_o it_o become_v simple_o void_a and_o other_o right_n beside_o his_o be_v preferred_n yet_o he_o be_v do_v his_o own_o business_n not_o they_o and_o can_v claim_v no_o share_n from_o they_o of_o his_o expense_n it_o be_v find_v that_o to_o evite_v captor_n by_o a_o privateer_n a_o skipper_n have_v by_o consent_n of_o some_o merchant_n aboard_o and_o of_o the_o company_n make_v a_o hole_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ship_n that_o he_o may_v run_v near_o the_o shoar_n at_o a_o creik_v and_o open_v the_o hole_n make_v the_o ship_n so_o far_o sink_v that_o she_o can_v not_o be_v carry_v off_o by_o the_o privateer_n yet_o that_o privateer_n have_v reach_v she_o near_o the_o shoar_n but_o before_o the_o hole_n be_v open_v and_o have_v agree_v for_o a_o ransom_n for_o which_o the_o merchant_n contribute_v the_o ship_n have_v be_v wrack_v five_o day_n after_o by_o a_o storm_n which_o she_o may_v have_v prevent_v by_o go_v off_o before_o the_o storm_n arise_v the_o merchant_n and_o passenger_n be_v not_o find_v liable_a for_o contribution_n of_o their_o share_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o ship_n july_n 15._o 1680._o lesly_n and_o miller_n contra_fw-la logan_n weir_n and_o other_o 7._o from_o the_o natural_a obligation_n of_o recompense_n do_v arise_v the_o obligation_n of_o relief_n whereby_o when_o many_o person_n be_v oblige_v in_o solidum_fw-la and_o thereby_o liable_a conjunct_o and_o several_o payment_n or_o satisfaction_n make_v by_o one_o for_o more_o than_o his_o own_o share_n do_v oblige_v all_o the_o rest_n pro_fw-la rata_fw-la although_o there_o be_v no_o conventional_a clause_n of_o relief_n nor_o any_o law_n nor_o statute_n but_o the_o natural_a obligation_n of_o recompense_n for_o he_o who_o pay_v not_o only_o for_o himself_o but_o for_o other_o be_v not_o presume_v to_o do_v it_o animo_fw-la donandi_fw-la as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o co-principals_a june_n 19_o 1662._o mr._n john_n wallace_n contra_fw-la fork_n june_n 28._o 1665._o 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la anderson_n it_o be_v so_o find_v before_o as_o be_v observe_v by_o haddingtoun_n 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la hunter_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n relief_n be_v competent_a among_o cautioner_n without_o clause_n of_o relief_n because_o the_o payment_n of_o one_o liberat_o all_o june_n 27._o 1675._o monteith_n contra_fw-la roger._n yea_o relief_n be_v find_v
competent_a to_o a_o cautioner_n who_o in_o a_o new_a bond_n of_o corroboration_n have_v engage_v for_o the_o debt_n with_o the_o principal_a and_o that_o against_o the_o cautioner_n in_o the_o first_o bond_n though_o he_o have_v no_o assignation_n to_o the_o clause_n of_o relief_n grant_v to_o the_o first_o cautioner_n spot_n cautioner_n lubra_n contra_fw-la david_n vauns_n the_o same_o must_v hold_v in_o contutor_n co-curators_a and_o wherever_o more_o debtor_n be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la for_o the_o same_o debt_n or_o deed_n title_n ix_o reparation_n where_o of_o delinquence_n and_o damnage_n thence_o arise_v 1._o the_o obligation_n of_o reparation_n of_o damnage_n by_o delinquence_n a_o natural_a obligation_n 2._o delinquence_n infer_v the_o obligation_n of_o punishment_n and_o reparation_n of_o the_o injure_v 3._o damnage_n describe_v 4._o kind_n of_o delinquence_n 5._o concurrer_n in_o delinquence_n how_o liable_a 6._o special_a kind_n of_o delinquence_n by_o our_o custom_n 7._o assythment_n 8._o extertion_n vi_fw-la majori_fw-la &_o metus_fw-la causa_fw-la 9_o circumvention_n by_o fraud_n dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la 10._o the_o edict_n de_fw-fr dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la 11._o circumvention_n rare_o infer_v by_o witness_n 12._o simulation_n 13._o collusion_n 14._o the_o effect_n of_o fraud_n as_o to_o the_o party_n contract_n 15._o deed_n do_v in_o fraudem_fw-la creditorum_fw-la contrair_a the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1621._o anent_o bankrupt_n 16._o the_o nature_n of_o spuilzie_n 17._o the_o title_n of_o possession_n 18._o oath_n in_o litem_fw-la in_o spulzy_n 19_o spuilzie_n eleided_a by_o any_o colourable_a title_n warrant_v or_o bona_fw-la side_n 20._o spulzie_a eleided_a by_o voluntar_n delivery_n 21._o by_o lawful_a poynd_n 22._o reply_v against_o poind_v 23._o spuilzie_n eleided_a by_o restitution_n within_o twenty_o four_o hour_n 24._o prescription_n of_o spuilzy_n 25._o intrusion_n and_o ejection_n describe_v and_o distinguisb_v 26._o ejection_n proper_a to_o the_o natural_a possessor_n 27._o exception_n against_o ejection_n 28._o mollestation_n 29._o breach_n of_o arrestment_n and_o deforcement_n 30._o contravention_n among_o obligation_n obediential_a we_o have_v place_v these_o which_o be_v by_o delinquence_n because_o they_o arise_v without_o any_o convention_n consent_n or_o contract_n either_o particular_o or_o by_o virtue_n of_o any_o positive_a law_n and_o therefore_o they_o must_v needs_o have_v their_o original_a from_o the_o authority_n and_o will_n of_o god_n and_o of_o our_o obedience_n due_a thereto_o for_o though_o they_o do_v proceed_v from_o our_o fact_n and_o from_o our_o will_n whence_o that_o fact_n be_v voluntary_o commit_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o from_o our_o contract_n will_n and_o therefore_o these_o obligation_n do_v not_o receive_v their_o measure_n or_o extent_n by_o our_o will_n 1._o that_o obligation_n of_o delinquence_n be_v introduce_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o suffrage_n of_o all_o man_n and_o all_o nation_n will_v evince_v who_o do_v every_o where_o acknowledge_v the_o reparation_n of_o damnage_n and_o punishment_n of_o crime_n and_o injury_n as_o have_v by_o nature_n a_o clear_a evidence_n and_o sharp_a sense_n thereof_o and_o thereupon_o can_v without_o reluctancy_n concur_v with_o the_o magistrate_n in_o the_o punishment_n of_o citizen_n and_o of_o enemy_n by_o the_o sword_n but_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v how_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v perpetual_a and_o have_v place_n chief_o in_o innocency_n can_v prescribe_v any_o thing_n in_o relation_n to_o delinquency_n or_o malifice_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o that_o condition_n this_o will_v be_v easy_o clear_v if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o though_o man_n be_v make_v in_o the_o state_n of_o innocency_n yet_o have_v he_o a_o natural_a instability_n for_o which_o god_n do_v warn_v and_o arm_v he_o and_o though_o the_o principal_a and_o direct_a law_n of_o nature_n do_v teach_v man_n to_o love_v his_o neighbour_n as_o himself_o yet_o he_o can_v not_o but_o by_o consequence_n know_v though_o he_o have_v stand_v in_o innocency_n as_o do_v the_o angel_n that_o any_o who_o act_v against_o that_o royal_a law_n of_o love_n by_o do_v evil_a to_o his_o neighbour_n and_o take_v away_o from_o he_o that_o which_o be_v he_o aught_o to_o repair_v he_o and_o to_o be_v liable_a to_o divine_a justice_n which_o be_v that_o certification_n which_o god_n put_v upon_o his_o natural_a law_n as_o he_o do_v more_o express_o upon_o the_o forbid_a fruit_n morte_fw-la morieris_fw-la 2._o a_o obligation_n of_o delinquence_n be_v then_o that_o whereunto_o injury_n or_o malifice_n do_v oblige_v as_o the_o meritorious_a cause_n thereof_o as_o the_o will_n of_o god_n thereupon_o be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n and_o it_o be_v twofold_a either_o that_o which_o relate_v to_o god_n or_o that_o which_o relate_v to_o man_n the_o former_a be_v the_o obligation_n of_o punishment_n pain_n or_o penalty_n for_o unto_o god_n there_o can_v proper_o no_o reparation_n be_v make_v by_o the_o creature_n who_o duty_n and_o service_n be_v due_a to_o he_o so_o that_o to_o he_o the_o creature_n be_v oblige_v to_o underly_a the_o punishment_n in_o reference_n to_o man_n be_v the_o obligation_n of_o repair_v his_o damnage_n put_v he_o in_o as_o good_a condition_n as_o he_o be_v in_o before_o the_o injury_n and_o this_o only_o be_v man_n part_n for_o himself_o for_o the_o inflict_a of_o punishment_n be_v for_o god_n in_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v authorize_v or_o allow_v by_o he_o but_o it_o be_v not_o for_o or_o from_o man_n of_o himself_o revenge_n be_v i_o and_o i_o will_v repay_v say_v the_o lord_n for_o as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o a_o obligation_n in_o the_o debtor_n have_v a_o correspondent_a power_n of_o exaction_n in_o the_o creditor_n which_o be_v the_o personal_a right_n so_o in_o delinquence_n the_o power_n of_o exaction_n of_o reparation_n of_o his_o damnage_n be_v man_n for_o himself_o but_o the_o power_n of_o exact_v punishment_n be_v in_o god_n and_o as_o for_o he_o or_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d to_o man_n it_o be_v but_o a_o ministerial_a power_n and_o not_o dispensible_a at_o 〈◊〉_d pleasure_n and_o have_v a_o obligation_n whereby_o man_n 〈◊〉_d bind_v to_o god_n for_o do_v his_o duty_n therein_o though_o positive_a law_n and_o 〈◊〉_d of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o some_o thing_n the_o positive_a law_n of_o god_n itself_o may_v 〈◊〉_d a_o 〈◊〉_d and_o employ_v it_o for_o the_o proper_a use_n of_o the_o injure_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o proper_a punishment_n that_o have_v its_o force_n by_o paction_n or_o positive_a law_n and_o nor_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o obligation_n to_o punishment_n arise_v from_o 〈◊〉_d and_o man_n power_n and_o duty_n to_o inflict_v the_o same_o be_v a_o public_a right_n which_o though_o natural_o do_v concern_v every_o man_n yet_o it_o be_v now_o with_o divine_a approbation_n for_o most_o part_n devolve_v upon_o public_a authority_n which_o be_v say_v rom._n 13._o 〈◊〉_d 3_o 4._o to_o be_v a_o terror_n to_o evil_a doer_n and_o not_o to_o bear_v the_o sword_n in_o vain_a for_o be_v 〈◊〉_d the_o minister_n of_o god_n a_o revenger_n to_o execute_v wrath_n upon_o he_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o which_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o magistrate_n as_o he_o execute_v revenge_n do_v 〈◊〉_d not_o of_o or_o for_o himself_o nor_o for_o or_o from_o the_o people_n as_o their_o proper_a right_n or_o power_n of_o exaction_n but_o therein_o as_o he_o be_v the_o minister_n of_o god_n he_o do_v 〈◊〉_d for_o and_o from_o god_n even_o though_o his_o authority_n and_o commission_n be_v not_o immediate_o from_o god_n but_o from_o man_n yet_o he_o stand_v in_o the_o place_n of_o these_o man_n to_o god_n to_o execute_v that_o revenge_n which_o they_o themselves_o be_v natural_o oblige_v unto_o but_o how_o far_o man_n natural_a duty_n or_o the_o magistrate_n in_o the_o punishment_n of_o crime_n reach_v the_o line_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v become_v dark_a in_o many_o point_n it_o be_v manifest_a and_o agree_v by_o all_o that_o though_o in_o all_o damnage_n do_v to_o man_n there_o be_v also_o punishment_n which_o may_v be_v inflict_v by_o god_n yet_o where_o the_o matter_n be_v chief_o man_n interest_n and_o so_o repairable_a to_o he_o none_o will_v think_v that_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n in_o all_o of_o these_o case_n to_o inflict_v vengeance_n on_o such_o neither_o do_v any_o own_o a_o power_n and_o necessity_n to_o inflict_v punishment_n for_o man_n spiritual_a delinquence_n stand_v in_o his_o mind_n and_o affection_n as_o for_o want_v of_o love_n and_o confidence_n hope_n etc._n etc._n in_o something_n also_o the_o power_n of_o punishment_n be_v no_o less_o evident_a even_o when_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reparation_n to_o man_n as_o in_o that_o general_a precept_n of_o equal_a crime_n and_o punishment_n life_n for_o life_n eye_n for_o eye_n tooth_n for_o tooth_n etc._n etc._n but_o
debtor_n who_o the_o creditor_n bring_v home_o from_o abroad_o that_o he_o may_v prevent_v the_o diligence_n of_o a_o other_o creditor_n who_o have_v denunce_v that_o debtor_n land_n to_o be_v apprize_v upon_o sixty_o day_n but_o upon_o return_n of_o the_o debtor_n this_o creditor_n denunce_v upon_o fifteen_o day_n and_o so_o do_v first_o apprise_n yet_o the_o first_o denunciation_n and_o last_o appryse_v be_v prefer_v hope_n de_fw-fr dolo_fw-la sir_n hendry_n wardlaw_n contra_fw-la thomas_n dalyel_n and_o the_o liferent_a escheat_n of_o a_o vassal_n be_v exclude_v because_o the_o superior_a upon_o who_o horning_n it_o fall_v have_v take_v payment_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o have_v not_o acquaint_v the_o vassal_n that_o he_o be_v denunce_v that_o he_o may_v have_v relax_v within_o the_o year_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o same_o case_n ibidem_fw-la though_o this_o case_n and_o that_o of_o latent_fw-la insufficiency_n be_v rather_o lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la quae_fw-la dolo_fw-la equiparatur_fw-la for_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o dolus_fw-la &_o lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la be_v that_o dole_n est_fw-la magis_fw-la animi_fw-la and_o oftentimes_o by_o positive_a act_n and_o lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la be_v rather_o facti_fw-la and_o oftentimes_o by_o omission_n of_o that_o which_o the_o party_n be_v oblige_v to_o show_v a_o discharge_n be_v find_v null_n as_o to_o a_o assignee_n to_o a_o bond_n grant_v by_o one_o brother_n to_o another_o the_o discharge_v be_v of_o the_o same_o date_n with_o the_o bond_n which_o can_v have_v no_o construction_n but_o that_o the_o brother_n by_o assign_v the_o bond_n may_v deceive_v december_n 4._o 1665._o thomson_n contra_fw-la henderson_n and_o a_o discharge_v by_o a_o son_n to_o his_o father_n of_o a_o sum_n provide_v to_o he_o by_o his_o contract_n of_o marriage_n without_o satisfaction_n but_o upon_o agreement_n betwixt_o the_o father_n and_o the_o son_n the_o time_n of_o the_o contract_n that_o the_o sum_n in_o the_o contract_n shall_v be_v discharge_v gratis_o be_v find_v fraudulent_a and_o null_a as_o to_o the_o son_n creditor_n who_o trade_v with_o he_o even_o after_o the_o discharge_v january_n 21._o 1680._o isobel_n caddel_n contra_fw-la john_n raith_n and_o a_o liferent_a by_o a_o husband_n to_o his_o wife_n of_o his_o whole_a estate_n provide_v she_o dispone_v the_o half_a to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o marriage_n be_v find_v fraudulent_a as_o to_o that_o half_a and_o the_o creditor_n of_o the_o husband_n prefer_v to_o the_o child_n therein_o december_n 23._o 1679._o john_n erskin_n contra_fw-la carnagy_n and_o smith_n but_o where_o the_o liferent_a be_v but_o suitable_a to_o the_o party_n a_o clause_n therein_o that_o so_o much_o of_o it_o shall_v be_v apply_v for_o the_o aliment_n of_o the_o child_n that_o clause_n be_v not_o find_v fraudulent_a in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o husband_n creditor_n but_o be_v sustain_v to_o the_o child_n it_o flow_v only_o from_o the_o mother_n november_n 16._o 1668._o wat_fw-mi contra_fw-la russel_n 12._o under_o fraud_n simulation_n and_o collusion_n be_v comprehend_v simulation_n occur_v main_o in_o two_o case_n in_o disposition_n retenta_fw-la possessione_n for_o although_o the_o disposition_n be_v deliver_v and_o that_o there_o be_v instrument_n of_o delivery_n of_o the_o good_n dispone_v yet_o if_o the_o natural_a possession_n be_v retain_v the_o disposition_n be_v presume_v simulat_fw-la and_o other_o affect_v the_o thing_n dispone_v by_o legal_a diligence_n or_o by_o natural_a possession_n be_v prefer_v simulation_n in_o gift_n of_o escheat_n and_o liferent_a be_v very_o frequent_a and_o easy_o presume_v retenta_fw-la possessione_n vide_fw-la tit._n 25._o §_o 12._o 13._o collusion_n occur_v chief_o when_o the_o debtor_n or_o common_a author_n oppose_v some_o creditor_n and_o concur_v with_o other_o that_o these_o may_v attain_v the_o first_o complete_a diligence_n which_o import_v direct_a fraud_n or_o if_o he_o oppose_v one_o though_o he_o do_v not_o concur_v with_o a_o other_o but_o only_o not_o oppose_v that_o other_o his_o opposition_n be_v hold_v as_o fraudulent_a 14._o fraud_n give_v remeid_v by_o reparation_n to_o all_o that_o be_v damnify_v thereby_o against_o the_o actor_n of_o the_o fraud_n either_o by_o anull_v of_o the_o contract_n or_o other_o deed_n elicit_v or_o induce_v by_o fraud_n or_o by_o make_v up_o the_o damnage_n sustain_v by_o the_o fraud_n at_o the_o option_n of_o the_o injure_a and_o so_o fraud_n be_v sustain_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o seller_n to_o annul_v a_o bargain_n of_o sale_n of_o wine_n deliver_v to_o a_o skipper_n upon_o the_o buyer_n order_n because_o the_o time_n of_o that_o order_n the_o buyer_n know_v himself_o to_o be_v insolvent_a which_o may_v appear_v by_o his_o book_n and_o though_o the_o wine_n be_v arrest_v by_o a_o creditor_n of_o the_o buyer_n in_o the_o ship_n and_o a_o decreet_a for_o make_v forthcoming_a recover_v yet_o the_o wine_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o the_o seller_n december_n 22._o 1680._o magnus_n prince_n contra_fw-la peter_n pallet_n 15._o reparation_n of_o fraud_n be_v not_o only_o competent_a to_o the_o party_n defraud_v but_o also_o to_o his_o creditor_n or_o assignays_n for_o which_o the_o roman_n have_v a_o peculiar_a remeid_v per_fw-la actionem_fw-la paulianam_fw-la for_o anull_v all_o deed_n in_o fraudem_fw-la creditorum_fw-la in_o imitation_n whereof_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n make_v a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la in_o july_n 1620._o against_o unlawful_a disposition_n and_o alienation_n make_v by_o dyver_n and_o bankrupt_n which_o be_v ratify_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1621._o cap._n 18._o by_o this_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la the_o lord_n declare_v that_o according_a to_o the_o power_n give_v to_o they_o to_o set_v down_o order_n for_o administration_n of_o justice_n mean_v to_o follow_v and_o practice_v the_o good_a and_o commendable_a law_n civil_a and_o canon_n make_v against_o fraudful_a alienation_n in_o prejudice_n of_o creditor_n against_o the_o author_n and_o partaker_n of_o such_o fraud_n that_o they_o will_v decern_v all_o alienation_n disposition_n assignation_n and_o translation_n make_v by_o the_o debtor_n of_o any_o of_o his_o land_n teind_n reversion_n action_n debt_n or_o good_n whatsoever_o to_o any_o conjunct_a and_o confident_a person_n without_o true_a just_a and_o necessary_a cause_n and_o without_o a_o just_a price_n real_o pay_v the_o same_o be_v do_v after_o contract_v of_o lawful_a debt_n to_o have_v be_v from_o the_o begin_n null_n by_o way_n of_o action_n or_o exception_n without_o further_a declarator_n but_o prejudice_n to_o purchaser_n of_o the_o bankrupt_n land_n and_o good_n for_o just_a and_o competent_a price_n or_o in_o satisfaction_n of_o their_o lawful_a debt_n from_o the_o interpose_a person_n but_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o price_n from_o the_o buyer_n shall_v be_v hold_v to_o make_v it_o forthcoming_a to_o the_o creditor_n and_o it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v by_o write_v or_o oath_n of_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o disposition_n from_o the_o bankrupt_a that_o the_o same_o be_v make_v without_o a_o true_a and_o just_a cause_n or_o that_o the_o land_n and_o good_n be_v sell_v by_o he_o that_o buy_v they_o from_o the_o dyver_n that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o price_n be_v convert_v or_o to_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o bankrupt_n profit_n and_o use_v and_o in_o case_n the_o bankrupt_a or_o interpose_a person_n shall_v make_v any_o voluntar_n payment_n or_o right_o to_o any_o person_n he_o shall_v be_v hold_v to_o make_v the_o same_o forthcoming_a to_o the_o creditor_n have_v use_v the_o first_o lawful_a diligence_n and_o he_o shall_v be_v prefer_v to_o the_o con-creditor_n who_o be_v posterior_n to_o he_o in_o diligence_n have_v obtain_v payment_n by_o the_o partial_a favour_n of_o the_o debtor_n or_o his_o interpose_a confident_a and_o shall_v recover_v from_o the_o say_a creditor_n what_o he_o have_v so_o obtain_v but_o what_o the_o interpose_a person_n have_v pay_v or_o assign_v to_o the_o bankrupt_n lawful_a creditor_n before_o preferable_a diligence_n do_v by_o other_o shall_v be_v allow_v to_o he_o and_o he_o shall_v be_v liable_a to_o make_v forthcoming_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o price_n yea_o the_o said_n bankrupt_n and_o interpose_v person_n and_o all_o other_o who_o shall_v give_v counsel_n and_o assistance_n in_o devise_v and_o practise_v the_o fraud_n shall_v be_v hold_v infamous_a incapable_a of_o honour_n dignity_n or_o office_n or_o to_o be_v witness_n or_o assyzer_n this_o excellent_a statute_n have_v be_v clear_v by_o limitation_n and_o extention_n in_o multitude_n of_o decision_n occur_v since_o relate_v to_o defraud_v of_o creditor_n which_o be_v of_o the_o great_a importance_n for_o public_a good_a and_o security_n we_o shall_v distinct_o and_o in_o order_n hold_v forth_o the_o several_a case_n that_o have_v be_v decide_v in_o this_o matter_n first_o then_o though_o the_o statute_n be_v only_o in_o favour_n of_o anterior_a
for_o the_o fruit_n of_o a_o field_n which_o be_v already_o grow_v be_v no_o location_n but_o sale_n and_o so_o of_o use_n or_o work_v already_o perform_v and_o therefore_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o contract_n there_o be_v a_o hazard_n and_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o conductor_n of_o the_o quantity_n or_o value_n of_o the_o fruit_n use_n or_o work_n the_o peril_n and_o profit_n whereof_o be_v the_o conductor_n 71._o but_o here_o arise_v the_o question_n that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o sterility_n of_o the_o ground_n set_v or_o the_o absolute_a cease_n of_o the_o use_n fruit_n or_o work_n whether_o the_o hire_n be_v due_a in_o that_o case_n the_o determination_n thereof_o will_v clear_v the_o exception_n of_o the_o former_a rule_n concern_v the_o peril_n and_o quantity_n of_o the_o use_n fruit_n and_o work_v locat_fw-la and_o therefore_o first_o where_o the_o use_n fruit_n and_o work_n do_v altogether_o cease_v without_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o conductor_n there_o the_o hire_n must_v also_o cease_v because_o the_o one_o be_v give_v as_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o peril_n undertake_v be_v not_o of_o the_o be_v but_o of_o the_o quantity_n and_o value_n thereof_o for_o instance_n if_o land_n take_v be_v inundat_fw-la or_o sand_v and_o so_o have_v no_o fruit_n it_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n of_o all_o that_o the_o hire_n or_o cane_n cease_v to_o be_v due_a for_o that_o time_n or_o if_o a_o horse_n set_v or_o a_o servant_n hire_v die_v the_o hire_n or_o see_v be_v but_o due_a according_a to_o the_o time_n of_o their_o life_n but_o if_o they_o be_v sick_a or_o unprofitable_a for_o a_o time_n yet_o with_o hope_n of_o recovery_n and_o profit_n in_o that_o case_n there_o be_v no_o abatement_n second_o though_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o learned_a be_v very_o diverse_a in_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o barrenness_n of_o the_o ground_n some_o account_v it_o if_o the_o half_a of_o the_o ordinar_n increase_n fail_v some_o if_o the_o three_o and_o some_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o common_a estimate_n of_o the_o place_n what_o be_v call_v barrenness_n or_o the_o arbitrament_n of_o the_o judge_n yet_o i_o think_v it_o more_o rational_a to_o determine_v that_o case_n with_o the_o rest_n upon_o the_o former_a ground_n that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o profit_n of_o the_o fruit_n above_o the_o expense_n or_o work_v the_o rent_n or_o hire_n shall_v be_v due_a 72._o the_o like_a be_v in_o vastation_n by_o public_a calamity_n which_o have_v be_v frequent_o decide_v upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o late_a vastation_n but_o this_o will_v not_o extend_v to_o private_a accident_n besal_v the_o crop_v after_o the_o grow_a or_o reap_v even_o though_o by_o accident_n it_o shall_v be_v destroy_v or_o burn_v without_o the_o taker_n fault_n the_o hazard_n be_v his_o own_o because_o it_o be_v not_o then_o respect_v as_o the_o fruit_n but_o as_o a_o body_n in_o be_v whereof_o he_o have_v the_o property_n and_o peril_n but_o in_o public_a calamity_n by_o war_n not_o only_o the_o crop_v be_v take_v away_o but_o the_o tenant_n aredisinable_v and_o hinder_v to_o labour_n and_o therefore_o must_v have_v abatement_n this_o will_v take_v no_o place_n if_o the_o abundance_n of_o another_o year_n compense_v the_o sterility_n of_o the_o former_a l._n 8._o cod._n locati_fw-la 73._o see_v the_o intent_n and_o effect_n of_o the_o location_n be_v not_o to_o alienate_v the_o property_n of_o the_o thing_n locat_fw-la it_o follow_v that_o this_o contract_n be_v mere_o personal_a and_o thereby_o there_o be_v no_o real_a right_n in_o the_o thing_n who_o use_n fruit_n or_o work_v be_v locat_fw-la so_o that_o if_o the_o property_n of_o these_o thing_n be_v alienate_v from_o the_o locator_n the_o interest_n of_o the_o conductor_n cease_v and_o a_o singular_a successor_n may_v recover_v it_o from_o the_o conductor_n notwithstanding_o the_o location_n which_o reach_v it_o only_o by_o the_o personal_a contract_n as_o it_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o setter_n and_o so_o it_o will_v be_v in_o our_o tack_n or_o rental_n by_o their_o own_o nature_n but_o it_o be_v otherways_o provide_v by_o a_o special_a statute_n of_o which_o hereafter_o we_o shall_v speak_v nothing_o here_o of_o feu-farm_n which_o though_o they_o be_v location_n yet_o by_o the_o law_n they_o become_v real_a leave_v these_o to_o their_o own_o place_n 74._o what_o shall_v be_v say_v of_o that_o contract_n whereby_o money_n or_o any_o fungible_a be_v lend_v for_o the_o like_a in_o kind_n again_o with_o such_o a_o hire_n for_o the_o use_n thereof_o these_o be_v call_v usurary_n contract_n and_o they_o can_v be_v comprehend_v under_o loan_n because_o they_o be_v not_o gratuitous_a or_o under_o location_n because_o the_o property_n and_o substance_n be_v alienat_fw-la usurary_n contract_v come_v near_o to_o location_n but_o to_o repress_v the_o exorbitance_n of_o usurer_n the_o civil_a law_n reject_v usurary_n contract_v and_o admit_v only_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o fungible_n in_o some_o case_n the_o judicial_a law_n also_o reject_v they_o and_o prohibit_v usury_n to_o be_v use_v among_o the_o jew_n though_o they_o may_v use_v it_o with_o other_o nation_n so_o do_v the_o canon_n law_n disapprove_v it_o and_o most_o nation_n where_o that_o law_n be_v in_o vigour_n yet_o we_o and_o general_o other_o protestant_n nation_n do_v allow_v of_o the_o profit_n and_o hire_v of_o money_n or_o other_o fungible_n be_v within_o the_o proportion_n allow_v in_o law_n which_o sometime_o be_v ten_o for_o each_o hundred_o in_o the_o year_n thereafter_o eight_o and_o now_o six_o and_o therefore_o usurary-contract_n be_v only_o wherein_o there_o be_v unlawful_a or_o exorbitant_a profit_n beyond_o the_o law_n so_o do_v the_o civil_a law_n allow_v vsuras_fw-la centesimas_fw-la viz._n one_o of_o a_o hundred_o monthly_a and_o their_o vsuras_fw-la bess_n semiss_n and_o dodrantes_fw-la in_o the_o several_a case_n allow_v in_o law_n we_o have_v only_o one_o measure_n for_o all_o the_o nauticum_fw-la foenus_fw-la be_v where_o so_o much_o be_v give_v not_o only_o for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o money_n but_o for_o the_o hazard_n and_o peril_n of_o the_o ware_n buy_v thereby_o or_o of_o other_o fungible_n by_o sea_n and_o so_o it_o be_v a_o mix_a contract_n and_o in_o both_o case_n profit_n and_o annualrent_n be_v lawful_a as_o have_v no_o moral_a countermand_n and_o so_o be_v free_a be_v not_o only_o subject_a to_o our_o paction_n and_o promise_n which_o we_o be_v moral_o oblige_v to_o observe_v but_o have_v also_o in_o it_o permutative_a justice_n in_o that_o money_n wine_n oil_n grain_n or_o the_o like_a have_v a_o real_a use_n profitable_a to_o man_n by_o the_o exchange_n thereof_o and_o increase_v that_o may_v accrue_v thereby_o and_o for_o which_o proportionable_a hire_n may_v be_v lawful_o and_o profitable_o constitute_v these_o usurary-contract_n therefore_o be_v to_o be_v reduce_v not_o to_o loan_n but_o to_o location_n though_o by_o accident_n they_o have_v that_o difference_n from_o the_o rest_n that_o the_o property_n be_v alienate_v because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o use_n of_o money_n or_o fungibles_n otherways_o the_o penalty_n of_o exorbitant_a usury_n with_o we_o be_v that_o the_o debtor_n for_o such_o usury_n reveal_v the_o same_o shall_v be_v free_v of_o the_o contract_n and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o any_o other_o reveal_v it_o shall_v have_v right_a to_o the_o sum_n give_v out_o upon_o usury_n and_o profit_n thereof_o par._n 1594._o cap._n 221._o but_o afterward_o all_o take_n of_o more_o annualrent_a than_o ten_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la direct_o or_o indirect_o by_o take_v of_o victual_n within_o the_o ordinary_a price_n or_o buy_v victual_n for_o the_o annualrent_a with_o exorbitant_a price_n in_o case_n of_o not_o delivery_n or_o by_o improper_a wodsetts_n have_v great_a back-tack_n duty_n than_o effeir_a to_o ten_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la or_o otherways_o do_v confiscate_v their_o movable_n and_o the_o sum_n so_o give_v out_o which_o the_o party_n can_v renounce_v but_o the_o advocate_n have_v interest_n to_o pursue_v therefore_o without_o the_o party_n concurrence_n and_o if_o he_o concur_v he_o shall_v have_v restitution_n of_o what_o more_o annual_a he_o pay_v norten_v per_fw-la centum_fw-la parl._n 1597._o cap._n 247._o but_o the_o annual_a be_v retrench_v to_o eight_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la parl._n 1633._o cap._n 21._o and_o to_o six_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la parl._n 1649._o cap._n revive_v parl._n 1661._o cap._n 49._o but_o whether_o proper_a wodsetts_n without_o back-tack_n though_o the_o rent_n be_v much_o more_o than_o the_o ordinary_a annualrent_n be_v a_o usurary_a contract_n and_o fall_v under_o the_o general_a clause_n of_o the_o say_a act_n though_o it_o have_v sometime_o be_v assay_v yet_o have_v not_o be_v decide_v the_o main_a reason_n that_o the_o party_n find_v on_o be_v on_o the_o one_o part_n that_o there_o
of_o his_o wife_n in_o his_o prejudice_n there_o can_v be_v neither_o wrong_n on_o his_o part_n nor_o on_o the_o judge_n part_n 2._o if_o either_o action_n or_o exception_n be_v found_v upon_o that_o which_o be_v not_o defective_a in_o essential_o but_o in_o circumstantial_o ordain_v and_o command_v by_o law_n the_o defect_n thereof_o may_v be_v supply_v by_o the_o other_o party_n consent_n much_o more_o by_o their_o oath_n and_o in_o that_o case_n quae_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la debent_fw-la facta_fw-la valent_fw-la for_o every_o prohibition_n of_o law_n do_v not_o annul_v the_o deed_n do_v contrair_a thereto_o but_o infer_v the_o penalty_n of_o law_n upon_o the_o doer_n as_o tack_n of_o teind_n be_v prohibit_v to_o be_v set_v by_o prelate_n for_o long_a than_o nineteen_o year_n parl._n 1617._o cap._n 4._o yet_o it_o be_v find_v that_o a_o tack_v grant_v for_o a_o long_a time_n be_v not_o thereby_o null_a novemb_n 9_o 1624._o mr._n thomas_n hope_n contra_fw-la the_o minister_n of_o craighall_n so_o likeways_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n be_v prohibit_v to_o buy_v plea_n yet_o the_o right_o acquire_v thereto_o be_v not_o find_v thursday_n or_o process_n refuse_v thereupon_o but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v a_o ground_n of_o deprivation_n june_n 5._o 1611._o adam_n cunningham_n advocate_n contra_fw-la maxwel_n of_o drumcoultroun_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o solemnity_n of_o marriage_n be_v prescribe_v in_o law_n and_o all_o prohibit_v to_o proceed_v any_o other_o way_n so_o they_o be_v appoint_v to_o be_v public_o solemnize_v by_o a_o minister_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o paretn_n be_v require_v yet_o the_o want_n of_o these_o will_v not_o annul_v the_o marriage_n because_o it_o be_v a_o divine_a obligation_n which_o can_v receive_v its_o essential_o from_o positive_a law_n or_o statute_n whence_o it_o be_v just_o say_v mult_fw-la a_o impediunt_fw-la matrimonium_fw-la contrahendum_fw-la que_fw-la non_fw-la dirimunt_fw-la contractum_fw-la it_o be_v not_o therefore_o the_o prohibition_n of_o law_n that_o anull_v a_o act_n but_o the_o law_n must_v express_o annul_v it_o or_o at_o least_o declare_v such_o point_n as_o the_o essential_a requisite_n to_o such_o deed_n or_o right_n some_o deed_n be_v declare_v null_a ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la and_o other_o be_v only_a anullable_n open_v exceptionis_fw-la or_o by_o way_n of_o restitution_n or_o at_o least_o where_o something_o in_o fact_n must_v be_v allege_v and_o prove_v which_o do_v not_o appear_v by_o the_o right_n or_o deed_n itself_o and_o so_o belong_v not_o to_o the_o judge_n to_o advert_v to_o but_o must_v be_v propon_v by_o the_o party_n in_o these_o a_o oath_n interpose_v do_v debar_v the_o swearer_n from_o propose_v or_o make_v use_n of_o such_o exception_n and_o allegiance_n and_o therefore_o neither_o may_v the_o party_n just_o propone_v the_o same_o nor_o the_o judge_n just_o sustain_v the_o same_o for_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n of_o themselves_o relevant_a and_o competent_a in_o law_n which_o yet_o may_v be_v exclude_v by_o a_o personal_a objection_n against_o the_o proponer_n for_o in_o many_o case_n allegeance_n competent_a to_o party_n may_v be_v renounce_v so_o that_o though_o they_o be_v relevant_a that_o personal_a objection_n will_v exclude_v the_o proponer_n but_o his_o oath_n be_v much_o strong_a than_o his_o renunciation_n and_o therefore_o see_v such_o point_n be_v not_o part_n judicis_fw-la nor_o consistent_a in_o any_o intrinsic_a nullity_n or_o defect_n though_o the_o law_n allow_v or_o prescribe_v they_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o mention_n or_o express_v that_o though_o the_o party_n in_o who_o favour_n they_o be_v introduce_v renunce_v they_o simple_o or_o with_o a_o oath_n that_o these_o shall_v be_v admit_v and_o therefore_o they_o be_v just_o to_o be_v repel_v be_v in_o detrimentum_fw-la animae_fw-la of_o the_o proponer_n this_o ground_n solve_v most_o of_o the_o case_n before_o proponed_a for_o if_o a_o minor_a pursue_v restitution_n upon_o minority_n and_o laesion_n his_o oath_n to_o perform_v or_o not_o to_o quarrel_v the_o deed_n in_o question_n exclude_v he_o both_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o our_o custom_n by_o the_o authentic_a sacramenta_fw-la puberum_fw-la spontefacta_fw-la super_fw-la contractibus_fw-la rerum_fw-la suarum_fw-la non_fw-la retractandis_fw-la inviolabiliter_fw-la custodiantur_fw-la c._n si_fw-la adversus_fw-la vend_fw-mi it_o be_v so_o decide_v in_o a_o obligement_n by_o a_o minor_a to_o quit_v twenty_o chalder_n of_o victual_n provide_v in_o his_o contract_n of_o marriage_n january_n 15._o 1634._o sir_n robert_n hepburn_n contra_fw-la sir_n john_n seatoun_n where_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o oath_n be_v valide_fw-la though_o not_o judicial_a the_o like_a be_v find_v that_o a_o minor_a have_v give_v a_o bond_n for_o his_o father_n debt_n who_o he_o represent_v not_o and_o be_v swear_v not_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_n the_o same_o be_v not_o reduce_v upon_o minority_n and_o laesion_n february_n 10._o 1672._o mr._n george_n waugh_n contra_fw-la bailzie_n of_o dunraget_n upon_o this_o same_o ground_n a_o minor_a have_v curator_n not_o consent_v swear_v to_o perform_v his_o obligation_n or_o never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_n his_o exception_n of_o its_o be_v null_n because_o it_o consist_v in_o fact_n and_o must_v be_v prove_v that_o he_o be_v minor_a and_o that_o he_o have_v curator_n may_v just_o be_v repel_v and_o he_o exclude_v from_o propon_v thereof_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o oath_n see_v it_o be_v not_o the_o part_n of_o the_o judge_n to_o know_v or_o advert_v thereto_o but_o his_o curator_n who_o have_v not_o swear_v may_v yea_o must_v propone_v that_o nullity_n because_o they_o have_v not_o swear_v on_o this_o ground_n likeways_o the_o exception_n or_o reason_n of_o reduction_n upon_o force_n or_o fear_n be_v exclude_v if_o the_o party_n have_v swear_v to_o perform_v or_o not_o quarrel_v the_o deed_n which_o be_v the_o sentence_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n not_o only_o as_o to_o wife_n consent_n to_o the_o alienation_n of_o land_n give_v to_o they_o donatione_fw-la propter_fw-la nuptias_fw-la which_o be_v both_o null_n and_o presume_v to_o be_v grant_v upon_o her_o fear_n or_o reverence_n of_o her_o husband_n c._n licet_fw-la mulieris_fw-la l._n 6._o de_fw-la jure_fw-la jurando_fw-la c._n cum_fw-la continget_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la jurando_fw-la whereby_o such_o consent_n and_o oath_n be_v interpose_v be_v declare_v to_o be_v valide_fw-la but_o general_o that_o no_o deed_n have_v a_o oath_n interpose_v can_v be_v recall_v upon_o a_o alledgeance_n of_o force_n and_o fear_n c._n 3_o &_o 4._o de_fw-fr iis_fw-la quae_fw-la vim_o metumve_fw-la albeit_o the_o pope_n assume_v to_o himself_o liberty_n to_o absolve_v from_o such_o oath_n as_o be_v do_v upon_o fear_n yet_o they_o be_v declare_v of_o themselves_o to_o be_v valide_fw-la which_o our_o custom_n follow_v and_o be_v so_o decide_v parl._n 1481._o cap._n 83._o and_o be_v so_o decide_v by_o the_o lord_n july_n 4._o 1642._o agnes_n grant_v contra_fw-la balvaird_n where_o a_o wife_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o reduction_n of_o the_o alienation_n of_o her_o liferent_a land_n super_fw-la vi_fw-la &_o metu_fw-la because_o she_o have_v judicial_o ratify_v the_o same_o and_o swear_v never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_a neither_o be_v it_o respect_v that_o the_o oath_n as_o well_o as_o the_o disposition_n be_v by_o force_n and_o fear_n this_o be_v the_o great_a foundation_n of_o all_o public_a transaction_n betwixt_o different_a party_n and_o nation_n where_o ofttimes_o the_o one_o party_n be_v induce_v through_o fear_n to_o that_o which_o otherways_o they_o will_v not_o yield_v to_o and_o yet_o both_o party_n acquiesce_v in_o the_o religion_n of_o a_o oath_n interpose_v so_o the_o oath_n of_o israel_n to_o the_o king_n of_o babylon_n be_v bind_v upon_o they_o though_o thereby_o the_o people_n of_o god_n subject_v themselves_o to_o a_o heathen_a king_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v accuse_v by_o jeremiah_n for_o breach_n thereof_o and_o likewise_o for_o break_v the_o oath_n to_o their_o servant_n who_o they_o manumit_v upon_o mere_a necessity_n for_o their_o defence_n from_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o the_o exception_n or_o reason_n of_o reduction_n upon_o deception_n fraud_n or_o circumvention_n be_v exclude_v if_o a_o oath_n be_v interpose_v whereof_o we_o have_v the_o most_o eminent_a example_n of_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n to_o the_o gibeonite_n who_o purposely_o deceive_v and_o circumveen_v they_o feign_v themselves_o to_o be_v a_o people_n far_o off_o though_o they_o be_v of_o the_o hivites_n who_o israel_n be_v command_v utter_o to_o destroy_v against_o which_o judicial_a precept_n they_o be_v induce_v through_o error_n and_o deceit_n to_o swear_v the_o oath_n be_v bind_v on_o they_o and_o their_o posterity_n and_o be_v punish_v upon_o saul_n for_o breach_n thereof_o from_o this_o instance_n we_o have_v occasion_n to_o return_v to_o the_o
be_v give_v and_o expire_v which_o in_o all_o decreet_n proceed_v upon_o citation_n require_v fifteen_o day_n in_o which_o address_n may_v bemade_v to_o the_o lord_n three_o decreet_n of_o baron_n have_v no_o execution_n by_o horning_n which_o go_v of_o course_n upon_o the_o decreet_n precept_n and_o execution_n of_o other_o judge_n ordinary_a so_o that_o all_o the_o execution_n upon_o their_o sentence_n be_v only_o poind_v or_o corporal_a punishment_n as_o to_o which_o if_o there_o be_v any_o process_n for_o capital_a punishment_n the_o lord_n will_v very_o easy_o grant_v advocation_n as_o they_o do_v advocate_n cause_n from_o inferior_a judge_n not_o only_o upon_o incompotency_n but_o upon_o intricacy_n and_o importance_n so_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o important_a than_o the_o life_n of_o man_n they_o will_v easy_o advocate_n such_o process_n wherein_o baron_n shall_v not_o proceed_v summary_o to_o execution_n but_o both_o they_o and_o other_o inferior_a judge_n ordinary_a shall_v after_o sentence_n at_o least_o abide_v term_n of_o law_n by_o the_o space_n of_o fifteen_o day_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v give_v remeed_o by_o advocation_n or_o suspension_n of_o execution_n for_o though_o the_o lord_n have_v not_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n they_o do_v ordinary_o advocate_n and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n may_v suspend_v criminal_a process_n to_o the_o effect_n the_o same_o may_v be_v remit_v to_o competent_a and_o unsuspect_a judge_n so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o doubtfulness_n in_o the_o case_n the_o lord_n will_v remit_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o justice_n four_o the_o court_n of_o baron_n or_o freeholders_n be_v not_o court_n of_o record_n in_o which_o write_v use_v to_o be_v registrat_n 64._o as_o the_o court_n of_o baron_n and_o freeholders_n have_v these_o restriction_n more_o than_o the_o inferior_a judge_n so_o they_o have_v this_o advantage_n ordinary_o that_o all_o the_o profit_n and_o issue_n of_o their_o court_n belong_v to_o themselves_o whereas_o sheriff_n stewart_n and_o bailiff_n of_o royalty_n be_v countable_a to_o the_o king_n see_v these_o be_v the_o king_n court_n but_o bailiff_n of_o regality_n be_v not_o countable_a because_o though_o they_o be_v the_o king_n court_n yet_o the_o king_n have_v gift_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o court_n by_o the_o erection_n of_o the_o regality_n if_o then_o a_o infeftment_n contain_v court_n the_o profit_v thereof_o be_v carry_v therewith_o though_o not_o express_v but_o ordinary_o they_o bear_v cum_fw-la curiis_fw-la earumque_fw-la exitibus_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o amerciament_n of_o court_n or_o there_o other_o issue_n or_o there_o privilege_n on_o the_o breaker_n of_o arreeistment_n lose_v their_o tack_n to_o their_o master_n within_o their_o barony_n be_v not_o comprehend_v within_o public_a confiscation_n reserve_v to_o the_o king_n 65._o fortalice_n be_v also_o inter_v regalia_z and_o be_v not_o carry_v by_o the_o fee_n unless_o express_v or_o at_o least_o the_o land_n be_v erect_v in_o barony_n by_o fortalice_n be_v understand_v all_o strength_n build_v for_o public_a defence_n whether_o that_o appear_v by_o common_a fame_n or_o reputation_n such_o as_o all_o the_o king_n castle_n whereof_o many_o be_v now_o in_o private_a hand_n as_o proprietar_n or_o heritable_a keeper_n thereof_o or_o constable_n of_o the_o same_o such_o be_v the_o castle_n of_o dunstafnage_n carrick_n skipnes_n and_o other_o belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o argyl_n the_o constabulary_a of_o forfar_n belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o strathmore_n the_o constabulary_a of_o dundie_n now_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n hattoun_n and_o when_o these_o castle_n be_v dispone_v either_o in_o property_n or_o custody_n the_o infeftment_n thereof_o carry_v therewith_o not_o only_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o castle_n but_o the_o dependency_n thereof_o as_o garden_n orchard_n park_n meadow_n and_o other_o ground_n possess_v by_o the_o king_n or_o keeper_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o all_o rent_n annuity_n jurisdiction_n and_o privilege_n thereunto_o belong_v which_o may_v be_v instruct_v by_o their_o charter_n their_o court-book_n or_o other_o write_v or_o instrument_n and_o even_o by_o witness_n prove_v long_a possession_n albeit_o the_o infeftment_n of_o constabulary_a bear_v only_o in_o general_n officium_fw-la constabularii_fw-la cum_fw-la feodis_fw-la &_o divoriis_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la which_o be_v find_v to_o extend_v to_o the_o proclaim_n and_o ride_v of_o fair_n anterior_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o office_n and_o exerce_v criminal_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o town_n where_o the_o fair_n be_v hold_v during_o these_o fair_n but_o not_o to_o extend_v to_o other_o fair_n recent_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n or_o to_o jurisdiction_n at_o other_o time_n july_n 18._o 1676._o earl_n of_o kinghorn_n contra_fw-la town_n of_o forfar_n the_o like_a be_v do_v in_o the_o process_n betwixt_o hattoun_n and_o the_o town_n of_o dundie_n in_o anno_fw-la 1679._o wherein_o multitude_n of_o witness_n be_v examine_v upon_o either_o part_n and_o the_o emolument_n privilege_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o constabulary_a be_v decern_v according_a to_o the_o probation_n and_o particular_o 20_o shilling_n sterling_a yearly_a for_o which_o the_o town_n of_o dundie_n count_v in_o exchequer_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o constable_n which_o be_v find_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o office_n albeit_o there_o be_v a_o discharge_n thereof_o grant_v to_o the_o town_n by_o scrymzour_n constable_n of_o dundie_n which_o be_v not_o find_v effectual_a against_o hattoun_n his_o singular_a successor_n in_o the_o office_n by_o appryse_v december_n 9_o 1679._o inter_fw-la eosdem_fw-la 66._o the_o case_n be_v more_o doubtful_a as_o to_o other_o fortalice_n which_o be_v not_o repute_v to_o have_v be_v the_o king_n castle_n craig_n opinion_n be_v that_o all_o strong_a hold_n be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v build_v for_o public_a defence_n and_o not_o for_o private_a safety_n wherein_o turris_fw-la pinnata_fw-la be_v comprehend_v have_v turret_n or_o round_n upon_o the_o angles_n from_o whence_o shot_n may_v be_v direct_v alongst_o all_o the_o wall_n and_o therefore_o much_o more_o may_v castle_n with_o bartizen_n or_o band_n that_o be_v strong_a and_o high_a wall_n surround_v the_o castle_n or_o if_o the_o castle_n be_v build_v upon_o a_o place_n natural_o strong_a which_o may_v give_v suspicion_n to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v a_o occasion_n of_o rebellion_n and_o not_o to_o be_v patent_n and_o accessible_a at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o most_o of_o all_o if_o there_o be_v regular_a fortification_n of_o stone_n or_o earth_n certain_o such_o fortress_n or_o fortification_n whereby_o place_n be_v make_v of_o that_o strength_n which_o be_v accustom_v to_o secure_v against_o public_a enemy_n in_o war_n may_v not_o be_v build_v without_o the_o king_n warrant_n and_o if_o otherwise_o build_v may_v be_v demolish_v and_o the_o builder_n punish_v but_o long_a possession_n presume_v a_o warrant_n and_o as_o such_o fortalice_n may_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v at_o first_o the_o king_n from_o the_o very_a inspection_n of_o the_o fortalice_n and_o its_o proper_a use_n so_o long_a possession_n may_v take_v off_o that_o presumption_n and_o that_o they_o have_v be_v build_v main_o for_o private_a use_n in_o time_n of_o trouble_n with_o the_o king_n consent_n but_o we_o need_v not_o insist_v in_o these_o question_n see_v tower_n and_o fortalice_n do_v now_o pass_v in_o course_n in_o charter_n yet_o though_o these_o be_v express_v if_o it_o appear_v the_o fortress_n have_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o can_v be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o annex_v property_n the_o right_a of_o they_o will_v only_o resolve_v into_o a_o heritable_a keep_n so_o that_o the_o king_n in_o time_n of_o war_n or_o insurrection_n may_v make_v use_n of_o such_o strong_a hold_n and_o put_v garrison_n therein_o see_v keep_v do_v not_o exclude_v the_o king_n own_o necessary_a use_n neither_o will_v the_o express_v of_o fortalice_n general_o empower_v the_o vassal_n to_o build_v such_o strength_n as_o be_v proper_a for_o public_a war_n because_o the_o clause_n can_v only_o import_v such_o fortalice_n as_o then_o be_v build_v but_o i_o see_v no_o ground_n to_o extend_v fortalice_n to_o all_o house_n with_o batlement_n or_o with_o turret_n or_o round_n which_o can_v only_o infer_v private_a safety_n against_o robber_n plunderer_n or_o fly_a party_n but_o nothing_o proper_a for_o a_o siege_n or_o public_a defence_n of_o a_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o these_o may_v pass_v as_o house_n or_o pertinent_o and_o as_o to_o that_o ground_n craig_n adduce_n that_o it_o be_v treason_n to_o hold_v any_o fortalice_n against_o the_o king_n or_o to_o deny_v he_o or_o these_o commission_v by_o he_o access_n by_o arm_a force_n and_o yet_o delivery_n of_o any_o other_o private_a right_n may_v be_v refuse_v to_o the_o king_n without_o hazard_n whence_o he_o infer_v that_o the_o king_n must_v have_v great_a right_o and_o interest_n in_o
superior_n must_v be_v call_v 73._o all_o other_o interest_n of_o fee_n be_v carry_v as_o part_v and_o pertinent_a though_o they_o be_v not_o express_v and_o albeit_o wood_n and_o loch_n use_v oft_o to_o be_v express_v yet_o they_o be_v comprehend_v under_o part_n and_o pertinent_o and_o therefore_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ground_n have_v not_o only_o right_a to_o the_o water_n in_o loch_n but_o to_o the_o ground_n thereof_o and_o may_v drain_n the_o same_o unless_o servitude_n be_v fix_v to_o water-gangs_a of_o milns_n or_o other_o work_n and_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o loch_n and_o all_o that_o be_v upon_o it_o or_o under_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o fee_n but_o if_o the_o loch_n be_v not_o whole_o within_o the_o fee_n but_o partly_o within_o or_o adjacent_a to_o the_o fee_n of_o another_o then_o unless_o the_o loch_n be_v express_v it_o will_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o fiars_n who_o land_n front_v thereupon_o the_o part_n of_o fee_n be_v only_o express_v in_o bound_a charter_n but_o in_o all_o other_o the_o part_n be_v only_o know_v by_o the_o common_a reputation_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n what_o they_o comprehend_v under_o the_o designation_n express_v in_o the_o infeftment_n and_o by_o possession_n as_o part_v and_o pertinent_a of_o the_o land_n design_v in_o the_o infeftment_n whether_o they_o have_v but_o one_o common_a designation_n as_o such_o a_o barony_n or_o tenement_n or_o if_o there_o be_v a_o enumeration_n of_o their_o part_n by_o distinct_a name_n which_o do_v not_o exclude_v other_o part_n though_o belong_v to_o none_o of_o the_o part_n enumerat_a there_o be_v only_o this_o difference_n that_o express_a infeftment_n be_v preferable_a to_o these_o which_o allege_v but_o part_n and_o pertinent_a much_o more_o if_o it_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v separatum_fw-la tenementum_fw-la require_v a_o distinct_a infeftment_n and_o yet_o prescription_n as_o part_v and_o pertinent_a will_v exclude_v a_o infeftment_n as_o a_o separate_a tenement_n but_o where_o there_o be_v march-stone_n set_v it_o be_v a_o great_a convenience_n to_o preserve_v peaceable_a possession_n and_o though_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v when_o these_o march_n be_v set_v yet_o their_o be_v repute_n as_o march-stone_n will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v at_o any_o time_n within_o prescription_n but_o land_n be_v ofttimes_o so_o large_a comprehend_v mure_n and_o mountain_n that_o march-stone_n can_v be_v set_v for_o remeid_v whereof_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 1580._o ratify_v in_o par._n 1587._o cap._n 42._o ordain_v all_o molestation_n in_o property_n or_o commontie_z in_o possessorso_fw-it to_o be_v before_o sheriff_n baily_n of_o regality_n and_o other_o inferior_a ordinar_n judge_n where_o the_o land_n lie_v and_o for_o that_o effect_n the_o lord_n will_v direct_v letter_n of_o cognition_n to_o proceed_v upon_o fifteen_o day_n warn_v by_o a_o inquest_n of_o person_n who_o best_o know_v the_o matter_n the_o most_o part_n thereof_o be_v landed-man_n have_v at_o least_o four_o plough_n of_o land_n or_o three_o hundred_o mark_n of_o irredeemable_a rent_n and_o the_o rest_n substantious_a famous_a zeamans_n of_o the_o same_o paroch_n and_o fail_v thereof_o of_o the_o paroch_n near_a adjacent_a and_o if_o both_o party_n have_v cognition_n raise_v before_o litiscontestation_n on_o either_o the_o half_a of_o the_o assyzer_n shall_v be_v take_v of_o these_o summon_v for_o either_o party_n or_o in_o case_n there_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o they_o habile_fw-la the_o judge_n shall_v supply_v the_o same_o and_o the_o odd_a man_n to_o be_v choose_v by_o lot_n which_o inquest_n shall_v visit_v the_o ground_n and_o shall_v return_v their_o verdict_n upon_o oath_n both_o upon_o the_o claim_n and_o exception_n of_o the_o party_n and_o in_o case_n the_o judge_n ordinar_n be_v suspect_v or_o that_o the_o land_n lie_v in_o divers_a jurisdiction_n the_o lord_n be_v to_o appoint_v unsuspect_v judge_n to_o be_v pass_v under_o the_o quarter_n seal_v there_o be_v only_o except_v the_o action_n belong_v to_o the_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v to_o be_v before_o the_o lord_n yet_o the_o lord_n be_v accustom_v to_o grant_v commission_n to_o some_o of_o their_o own_o number_n where_o question_n arise_v concern_v the_o part_n or_o march_n of_o tenement_n to_o visit_v the_o ground_n and_o there_o to_o receive_v witness_n hinc_fw-la inde_fw-la both_o as_o to_o possession_n and_o interruption_n which_o the_o lord_n do_v advise_v and_o determine_v without_o a_o inquest_n part_n of_o tenement_n in_o possessorio_fw-la be_v sustain_v by_o the_o present_a peaceable_a possession_n for_o some_o time_n for_o seven_o year_n peaceable_a possession_n will_v sustain_v the_o right_n of_o the_o whole_a till_o reduction_n and_o forty_o year_n possession_n as_o part_v and_o pertinent_a be_v sufficient_a in_o petitorio_fw-la for_o the_o point_n of_o right_n and_o will_v exclude_v a_o infeftment_n express_v yea_o though_o it_o be_v a_o infeftment_n as_o distinctum_fw-la tenementum_fw-la november_n 14._o 1671._o walter_z young_z contra_fw-la william_n carmichael_n but_o if_o there_o be_v interruption_n and_o that_o either_o party_n have_v have_v some_o possession_n the_o express_a infeftment_n will_v be_v preferable_a and_o any_o lawful_a interruption_n will_v preserve_v a_o infeftment_n of_o a_o separate_a tenement_n but_o if_o neither_o party_n be_v express_o infeft_v in_o the_o land_n in_o question_n interruption_n by_o either_o party_n will_v not_o exclude_v prescription_n because_o there_o be_v not_o a_o prior_n special_a right_n valid_a of_o itself_o without_o possession_n and_o therefore_o if_o both_o party_n have_v have_v mutual_a or_o promiscuous_a possession_n each_o possess_v when_o they_o can_v and_o turn_v off_o the_o other_o that_o part_n of_o the_o land_n so_o possess_v will_v continue_v as_o a_o promiscuous_a commontie_z which_o frequent_o fall_v out_o about_o the_o march_n of_o large_a tenement_n and_o be_v so_o determine_v betwixt_o the_o lord_n strathoord_n and_o sir_n thomas_n stuart_n of_o gairntully_n if_o neither_o party_n have_v a_o express_v or_o several_a infeftment_n discontiguity_n will_v not_o exclude_v part_n and_o pertinent_a though_o if_o the_o question_n be_v with_o he_o to_o who_o the_o land_n be_v contiguous_a less_o probation_n will_v prefer_v he_o craig_n l._n 2._o dieges_fw-fr 3._o relate_v a_o case_n in_o his_o time_n betwixt_o the_o earl_n of_o angus_n and_o hoom_n of_o polwart_n where_o discontiguity_n do_v not_o exclude_v part_n and_o pertinent_a not_o be_v know_v as_o a_o distinct_a tenement_n pertinent_o comprehend_v all_o the_o natural_a fruit_n for_o corn_n be_v account_v as_o movable_a and_o as_o no_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n as_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o former_a title_n section_n second_o and_o also_o all_o servitude_n so_o a_o servitude_n of_o a_o pasturage_n in_o another_o heretors_n wood_n be_v sustain_v as_o a_o pertinent_a by_o long_a possession_n spot_n servitude_n laird_n of_o knockdolian_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o partick_n and_o part_n and_o pertinent_a be_v express_v in_o a_o minute_n of_o sale_n it_o be_v find_v to_o carry_v common_a pasturage_n in_o a_o mure_n which_o be_v a_o commontie_z to_o a_o barony_n whereof_o the_o land_n sell_v be_v a_o part_n february_n 14._o 1668._o william_n borthwick_n contra_fw-la lord_n borthwick_n and_o in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o the_o laird_n of_o hain_v and_o town_n of_o selkirk_n decide_v february_n 15._o 1668._o a_o barony_n of_o the_o king_n cum_fw-la pertinentibus_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la pascuis_fw-la &_o pasturis_fw-la be_v find_v to_o carry_v common_a pasturage_n in_o the_o mure_n of_o the_o barony_n and_o that_o the_o last_o forty_o year_n possession_n do_v presume_v the_o like_a possession_n in_o the_o fevar_n from_o the_o obtain_n their_o feve_n and_o that_o interruption_n by_o the_o town_n who_o infeftment_n be_v but_o general_a cum_fw-la communiis_fw-la do_v not_o exclude_v the_o pasturage_n of_o the_o fever_n who_o have_v also_o make_v interruption_n against_o the_o town_n 74._o craig_n l._n 2._o dieges_fw-fr 8._o debate_n this_o question_n whether_o wood_n and_o coal_n be_v part_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o only_o pertinent_a as_o fruit_n thereof_o for_o if_o these_o be_v part_n of_o the_o ground_n conjunct-feers_a or_o liferenter_n will_v have_v no_o share_n thereof_o nor_o donatar_n of_o ward_n nonentry_n or_o liferent-escheat_n so_o that_o the_o question_n be_v very_o important_a wherein_o he_o relate_v two_o decision_n one_o betwixt_o the_o lord_n seatoun_n and_o his_o mother_n who_o be_v serve_v to_o a_o terce_n be_v find_v to_o have_v right_a to_o the_o three_o of_o a_o coal-work_n constant_o go_v for_o sale_n in_o the_o defunct_n time_n and_o another_o betwixt_o ramsay_n of_o dalhousie_n and_o mary_n ballantine_n his_o predecessor_n relict_n in_o relation_n to_o a_o wood_n which_o the_o fire_n be_v find_v to_o have_v the_o only_a right_o to_o sell_v and_o
poynder_n as_o be_v former_o find_v relevant_a hope_v arrestment_n doctor_n kinloch_n contra_fw-la halyburtoun_n james_n white_n contra_fw-la robert_n blackater_n jan._n 20._o 1672._o john_n bell_n contra_fw-la fleming_n and_o watson_n it_o be_v also_o a_o relevant_a exception_n that_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o arrestment_n or_o the_o sum_n arrest_v be_v heritable_a before_o the_o act_n of_o par._n 1664._o or_o since_o that_o infeftment_n have_v pass_v upon_o either_o unlessit_fw-la be_v make_v movable_a and_o therefore_o arrestment_n be_v lay_v on_o upon_o sum_n consign_v for_o a_o redemtion_n be_v not_o find_v effectual_a till_o declarator_n of_o redemption_n pass_v which_o only_o make_v the_o sum_n movable_a and_o during_o the_o dependence_n of_o the_o redemption_n these_o sum_n can_v be_v arrest_v as_o belong_v to_o the_o user_n of_o the_o order_n because_o they_o come_v in_o place_n of_o the_o land_n redeem_v and_o can_v belong_v only_o to_o the_o wodsetter_n or_o appryzer_n or_o any_o have_v right_o from_o they_o to_o the_o land_n wodset_n but_o after_o redemption_n the_o sum_n consign_v may_v be_v arrest_v and_o make_v forthcoming_a for_o payment_n of_o the_o wodsetters_n debt_n spot_n arrestment_n hepburn_n contra_fw-la hay_n it_o be_v also_o a_o competent_a exception_n that_o the_o thing_n arrest_v be_v a_o proper_a aliment_n express_o constitute_v and_o not_o exceed_v the_o measure_n of_o aliment_n novem._n 19_o 1622._o thomas_n donaldson_n contra_fw-la kirkaldie_n and_o barclay_n and_o the_o fee_n of_o a_o servant_n be_v not_o find_v arrestable_a in_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o service_n he_o be_v in_o but_o only_o for_o the_o superplus_n more_o than_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o aliment_n in_o such_o a_o service_n july_n 9_o 1668._o heugh_n beg_v contra_fw-la robert_n davidson_n preceptor_n of_o heriots_n hospital_n the_o like_a hold_n in_o the_o king_n pension_n and_o fee_n of_o his_o public_a minister_n lord_n of_o session_n and_o other_o which_o be_v not_o arrestable_a in_o the_o thesaurers_n hand_n by_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 1613._o and_o be_v so_o find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o sir_n robert_n murray_n justice_n clerk_n a_o part_n of_o who_o salary_n be_v arrest_v feb._n 8._o 1662._o 38._o when_o pursuit_n be_v for_o make_v arrest_v good_n forthcoming_a which_o be_v not_o liquid_a the_o party_n in_o who_o hand_n arrestment_n be_v make_v will_v not_o be_v decern_v for_o make_v forthcoming_a a_o liquid_a sum_n for_o the_o price_n but_o if_o he_o offer_v the_o good_n ipsa_fw-la corpora_fw-la the_o decreet_a will_v contain_v a_o warrant_n to_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o place_n to_o rope_v the_o good_n arrest_v that_o the_o price_n thereof_o may_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o arrester_n novem._n 12._o 1680._o stevinson_n contra_fw-la sir_n john_n paul_n apprize_a and_o adjudication_n of_o heritable_a sum_n whereupon_o infeftment_n have_v not_o follow_v be_v little_a in_o use_n though_o competent_a since_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1644._o we_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o it_o in_o this_o place_n but_o as_o we_o have_v consider_v these_o several_a way_n of_o transmission_n of_o personal_n right_n several_o we_o shall_v now_o consider_v they_o joint_o as_o they_o fall_v in_o competition_n for_o preference_n among_o themselves_o and_o each_o with_o other_o 39_o in_o these_o competition_n it_o must_v be_v consider_v that_o arrestment_n do_v constitute_v no_o right_n in_o the_o arrester_n but_o be_v only_o a_o legal_a prohibition_n to_o alter_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o thing_n arrest_v and_o to_o pay_v or_o deliver_v the_o same_o to_o the_o arresters_n debtor_n but_o that_o it_o may_v remain_v in_o his_o hand_n for_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o debt_n arrest_v for_o and_o it_o be_v only_o general_a arrest_v all_o sum_n of_o money_n or_o good_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o party_n in_o who_o hand_n it_o be_v lay_v on_o due_a or_o belong_v to_o the_o arresters_n debtor_n for_o satisfy_v of_o the_o debt_n whereupon_o the_o arrestment_n proceed_v and_o therefore_o can_v be_v of_o more_o effect_n than_o a_o denunciation_n of_o land_n to_o be_v apprise_v or_o a_o citation_n on_o a_o summons_n of_o adjudication_n and_o therefore_o do_v constitute_v or_o transfer_v no_o right_n but_o be_v a_o legal_a diligence_n render_v the_o subject_a matter_n arrest_v litigious_a so_o that_o the_o party_n in_o who_o hand_n the_o arrestment_n be_v make_v can_v alter_v any_o sum_n or_o debt_n belong_v to_o that_o debtor_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o debt_n arrest_v for_o until_o the_o arrestment_n be_v louse_v and_o caution_n find_v for_o the_o debt_n or_o decreet_a absolvitor_n or_o declarator_n be_v obtain_v exclude_v the_o arrestment_n and_o if_o he_o do_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o contrary_a it_o infer_v breach_n of_o arrestment_n confiscate_v his_o movable_n and_o he_o be_v liable_a as_o if_o the_o sum_n or_o good_n remain_v in_o his_o hand_n pro_fw-la possessore_fw-la habetur_fw-la qui_fw-la dolo_fw-la desiit_fw-la possidere_fw-la and_o though_o the_o arrestment_n have_v no_o intimation_n to_o the_o arresters_n debtor_n or_o any_o of_o his_o creditor_n yet_o if_o any_o of_o they_o recover_v the_o sum_n or_o good_n arrest_v by_o the_o collusion_n or_o neglect_n of_o the_o party_n in_o who_o hand_n arrestment_n be_v make_v he_o will_v still_o remain_v liable_a and_o if_o he_o have_v not_o act_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la he_o will_v incur_v the_o breach_n of_o arrestment_n as_o if_o by_o collusion_n and_o gratification_n he_o or_o his_o procurator_n who_o deed_n will_v be_v presume_v his_o oppose_v the_o arrester_n and_o procure_v delay_n to_o compear_v and_o depone_v and_o acknowledge_v the_o debt_n or_o he_o hold_v as_o confess_v to_o another_o arrester_n neither_o will_v he_o be_v liberat_fw-la by_o offer_v his_o oath_n that_o he_o give_v no_o such_o warrant_n for_o the_o employ_v a_o procurator_n be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n for_o all_o the_o common_a course_n of_o process_n and_o require_v no_o special_a mandat_fw-la yea_o if_o he_o pay_v or_o deliver_v to_o any_o other_o arrester_n or_o even_o be_v poynd_v upon_o a_o decreet_a at_o his_o instance_n he_o will_v not_o be_v liberate_a see_v he_o ought_v to_o have_v raise_v a_o process_n of_o multiple_a poind_n call_v the_o debtor_n and_o all_o the_o arrester_n or_o assigney_n to_o dispute_v their_o several_a right_n that_o once_o payment_n to_o the_o party_n find_v to_o have_v best_a right_n may_v liberate_v he_o yet_o if_o he_o have_v pay_v he_o do_v thereby_o without_o a_o direct_a assignation_n come_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o have_v pay_v and_o if_o he_o can_v show_v that_o party_n right_a be_v preferable_a to_o the_o arrester_n insist_v he_o will_v be_v hear_v thereupon_o and_o unless_o it_o be_v find_v that_o he_o proceed_v warrantable_o not_o only_o will_v he_o be_v decern_v to_o make_v forthcoming_a though_o it_o infer_v double_a payment_n but_o he_o to_o who_o he_o pay_v unwarrantable_o will_v be_v compel_v to_o restore_v and_o satisfy_v the_o arrester_n the_o subject_n have_v be_v litigious_a by_o his_o arrestment_n before_o the_o other_o party_n recover_v the_o same_o albeit_o he_o have_v recover_v payment_n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la without_o any_o fault_n in_o he_o but_o by_o the_o litigiousness_n of_o the_o subject_n for_o payment_n make_v bonafide_fw-la with_o a_o preferable_a right_n relieve_v only_o the_o payer_n who_o be_v or_o may_v have_v be_v compel_v to_o pay_v be_v conscious_a of_o no_o other_o right_n for_o it_o be_v not_o relevant_a for_o the_o party_n obtain_v payment_n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la nor_o will_v that_o ground_n of_o law_n secure_v he_o qui_fw-la suum_fw-la recipit_fw-la licet_fw-la a_o non_fw-la debitore_fw-la non_fw-la tenetur_fw-la restituere_fw-la which_o hold_v only_o in_o voluntary_a payment_n a_o non_fw-la debitore_fw-la and_o where_o the_o subject_n be_v not_o litigious_a upon_o the_o same_o ground_n albeit_o the_o party_n in_o who_o hand_n arrestment_n be_v make_v collude_v not_o but_o do_v equal_o passive_a or_o equal_o oppose_v the_o competitor_n yet_o if_o the_o debtor_n collude_v and_o propone_v defence_n against_o some_o of_o the_o competitor_n and_o not_o equal_o against_o all_o and_o thereby_o procure_v delay_n and_o term_n to_o prove_v if_o he_o succumb_v though_o another_o pursue_n in_o a_o several_a process_n before_o the_o same_o or_o different_a judge_n obtain_v decreet_a and_o payment_n thereupon_o yet_o he_o will_v be_v necessitate_v to_o refound_v if_o he_o have_v not_o a_o preferable_a right_n 41._o if_o the_o party_n in_o who_o hand_n arrestment_n be_v make_v appear_v and_o offer_v to_o depone_v if_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi suffer_v he_o to_o depone_v general_o that_o the_o time_n of_o the_o arrestment_n he_o have_v neither_o good_n nor_o sum_n belong_v to_o the_o debtor_n in_o his_o hand_n the_o arrester_n will_v not_o ex_fw-la intervallo_fw-la obtain_v he_o to_o be_v more_o
during_o these_o three_o year_n shall_v satisfy_v apprysing_n which_o be_v deduce_v since_o jan._n 1652._o be_v expyre_v according_a to_o the_o law_n then_o stand_v and_o dispone_v to_o other_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o that_o point_n in_o the_o say_a act_n the_o lord_n decide_v affirmative_a january_n 20._o 1666._o clappertoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o torfonce_n 41._o four_o the_o benefit_n of_o redemption_n be_v competent_a to_o creditor_n against_o the_o appearand_a heir_n of_o their_o debtor_n acquire_v right_a to_o expyre_v compryzing_n which_o be_v extend_v to_o appearand_a heir_n even_o during_o his_o father_n life_n june_n 19_o 1668._o burnet_n contra_fw-la naesmith_n or_o any_o person_n to_o their_o behoof_n acquire_v right_o to_o appryzing_n within_o ten_o year_n after_o the_o acquirer_n right_a for_o such_o sum_n only_o as_o they_o pay_v for_o acquire_v thereof_o and_o they_o be_v find_v extinct_a by_o the_o appearand_a heir_n intromission_n by_o exception_n which_o be_v so_o far_o extend_v that_o it_o reach_v a_o apprize_a assign_v to_o a_o appearand_a heir_n though_o the_o assignation_n be_v before_o this_o statute_n see_v the_o infeftment_n which_o make_v the_o appearand_a heir_n right_o real_a and_o effectual_a be_v after_o and_o though_o the_o apprize_a be_v redeemable_a when_o acquire_v but_o expire_v in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o appearand_a heir_n july_n 21._o 1671._o sir_n george_n maxwel_n contra_fw-la maxwel_n of_o kirkconnel_n but_o the_o appearand_a heir_n get_v right_o to_o the_o apprize_a gratis_o it_o be_v not_o find_v to_o accress_v to_o the_o creditor_n but_o only_o to_o be_v redeemable_a within_o ten_o year_n after_o his_o right_n for_o the_o sum_n whereupon_o the_o apprize_a proceed_v feb._n 13._o 1673._o intereosdem_fw-la a_o apprize_a acquire_v by_o the_o husband_n of_o a_o appearand_a heir_n find_v not_o redeemable_a by_o what_o be_v pay_v unless_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o it_o be_v acquire_v by_o the_o wife_n mean_n or_o upon_o her_o account_n june_n 13._o 1674._o william_n richardson_n con_v palmer_n feb._n 21._o 1673._o richardson_n contra_fw-la colline_n laumond_n and_o skeen_n of_o halyard_n jan._n 15._o 1679._o andrew_n mcdowgal_n contra_fw-la sir_n hendrie_n guthrie_n and_o his_o spouse_n but_o this_o ten_o year_n reversion_n be_v not_o find_v competent_a to_o the_o debtor_n himself_o to_o redeem_v from_o his_o appearand_a heir_n decem._n 3._o 1680._o sir_n michael_n naesmith_n contra_fw-la james_n naesmith_n but_o a_o second_o brother_n acquire_v a_o apprize_a upon_o easy_a term_n when_o his_o elder_a brother_n be_v out_o of_o the_o country_n be_v not_o find_v redeemable_a by_o this_o act_n not_o be_v esteem_v as_o appearand_a heir_n alioqui_fw-la successurus_fw-la feb._n 17._o 1675._o john_n mclurg_n contra_fw-la john_n gordoun_n and_o a_o apprize_a come_v to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o appearand_a heir_n of_o the_o principal_a debtor_n find_v satisfiable_a by_o the_o sum_n payable_a therefore_o by_o the_o appearand_a heir_n summary_o without_o reduction_n feb._n 22._o 1671._o sir_n david_n dumbar_n of_o baldoon_n contra_fw-la david_n dick._n the_o like_a find_v by_o exception_n or_o reply_n where_o the_o apprize_a be_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o debiror_n elder_a son_n july_n 4._o 1671._o laird_n of_o balfour_n contra_fw-la william_n douglas_n the_o like_a where_o the_o apprize_v acquire_v by_o the_o appearand_a heir_n be_v find_v satisfy_v by_o intromission_n equivalent_a to_o what_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o apprize_a the_o say_a intromission_n be_v either_o within_o the_o ten_o year_n or_o after_o the_o intent_v a_o summons_n of_o declarator_n offer_v to_o pay_v what_o remain_v after_o count_n and_o reckon_n it_o be_v find_v to_o prorogate_v the_o ten_o year_n reversion_n without_o any_o other_o order_n june_n 26._o 1677._o mr._n john_n kincaid_n contra_fw-la gordoun_n of_o abergeldie_n 41._o apprysing_n deduce_v against_o appearand_a heir_n special_o charge_v to_o enter_v heir_n be_v not_o redeemable_a by_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o party_n charge_v to_o enter_v heir_n who_o be_v never_o infeft_v but_o by_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o defunct_a for_o who_o debt_n the_o apprysiing_n be_v deduce_v who_o die_v last_o vest_n before_o the_o appryse_v february_n 6._o 1668._o january_n 19_o 1669._o mr._n john_n johnstoun_n contra_fw-la sir_n charles_n erskine_n 42._o minor_n have_v a_o special_a privilege_n that_o the_o legal_a reversion_n of_o apprysing_n run_v not_o against_o they_o during_o their_o minority_n and_o how_o far_o this_o be_v extend_v to_o major_n succeed_v to_o minor_n vide_fw-la tit._n 6._o among_o privilege_n of_o minor_n vide_fw-la what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o appryse_v tit._n 13._o section_n 29._o and_o 30._o 43._o appryse_v while_o it_o be_v redeemable_a be_v but_o a_o legal_a diligence_n for_o security_n and_o the_o appryser_n may_v relinquish_v the_o same_o though_o he_o be_v in_o possession_n and_o may_v do_v any_o other_o diligence_n for_o recover_v his_o debt_n but_o if_o he_o continue_v to_o possess_v after_o the_o appryse_v become_v irredeemable_a the_o debt_n be_v thereby_o satisfy_v and_o extinct_a which_o be_v so_o find_v albeit_o the_o appryse_v prove_v ineffectual_a as_o to_o a_o part_n of_o the_o land_n appryse_v the_o remnant_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o debt_n appryse_v for_o and_o it_o be_v not_o find_v that_o a_o proportional_a part_n of_o the_o sum_n appryse_v for_o correspondent_a to_o the_o land_n that_o be_v evict_v shall_v remain_v due_a to_o the_o appryser_n june_n 18._o 1675._o laird_n of_o leys_n contra_fw-la forbess_n of_o blacktoun_n the_o form_n and_o manner_n of_o procedure_n in_o apprysing_n will_v come_v in_o among_o legal_a execution_n of_o which_o hereafter_o 44._o adjudication_n be_v remedium_fw-la extraordinarium_fw-la introduce_v by_o custom_n where_o appryse_v can_v have_v no_o place_n as_o when_o the_o debt_n to_o be_v satisfy_v be_v not_o a_o liquidat_fw-la sum_fw-la or_o good_n ordinary_o liquidable_a but_o be_v a_o disposition_n of_o land_n contain_v express_o or_o virtual_o a_o obligation_n to_o infeft_a the_o acquir_a or_o some_o other_o or_o a_o obligation_n consist_v in_o some_o fact_n to_o be_v perform_v or_o otherways_o where_o the_o debtor_n heir_n renunce_v to_o be_v heir_n whereby_o there_o be_v no_o party_n from_o who_o the_o land_n can_v be_v appryse_v therefore_o haereditas_fw-la jacens_fw-la be_v adjudge_v this_o remeid_v be_v introduce_v by_o the_o lord_n who_o have_v ample_a power_n to_o administrate_n justice_n in_o all_o case_n and_o to_o make_v order_n for_o that_o effect_n do_v supply_v the_o defect_n of_o the_o law_n or_o ancient_a custom_n by_o such_o new_a remeid_n as_o such_o new_a occur_v case_n do_v require_v among_o which_o adjudication_n be_v a_o prime_a one_o which_o craig_n testify_v to_o have_v be_v unknown_a to_o our_o predicessour_n and_o be_v but_o recent_a in_o his_o time_n and_o few_o decision_n thereupon_o the_o nature_n and_o effect_n of_o it_o be_v little_o know_v but_o be_v now_o by_o course_n of_o time_n further_o illustrate_v adjudication_n have_v place_n in_o two_o case_n the_o first_o and_o most_o ordinary_a be_v when_o the_o heir_n recounce_v to_o be_v heir_n in_o which_o case_n adjudication_n be_v competent_a whether_o the_o debt_n to_o be_v satisfy_v be_v liquidate_n or_o not_o the_o other_o be_v when_o the_o obligement_n to_o be_v satisfy_v consist_v in_o facto_fw-la and_o relate_v to_o the_o disposition_n of_o particular_a thing_n which_o disposition_n or_o obligement_n not_o be_v fulfil_v by_o the_o debtor_n or_o disponer_n though_o all_o ordinary_a diligence_n be_v do_v than_o adjudication_n take_v place_n to_o make_v the_o same_o effectual_a as_o to_o the_o first_o case_n adjudication_n upon_o the_o appearand_a heir_n renunce_v to_o be_v heir_n proceed_v upon_o these_o way_n if_o he_o be_v pursue_v as_o lawful_o charge_v to_o enter_v heir_n for_o satisfy_v of_o his_o predecessor_n debt_n or_o obligement_n he_o may_v renunce_v to_o be_v heir_n if_o he_o have_v not_o meddle_v either_o in_o the_o process_n against_o he_o as_o charge_v to_o enter_v heir_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n or_o some_o time_n thereafter_o by_o suspension_n or_o reduction_n if_o he_o renunce_v in_o the_o first_o instance_n when_o the_o debt_n be_v not_o yet_o instruct_v and_o establish_v as_o when_o it_o proceed_v not_o upon_o a_o clear_a bond_n or_o write_v but_o abide_v probation_n by_o witness_n or_o otherways_o then_o before_o the_o process_n of_o adjudication_n there_o must_v be_v a_o process_n and_o sentence_n against_o the_o heir_n renunce_v cognitionis_fw-la causa_fw-la for_o establish_v and_o prove_v the_o debt_n in_o which_o because_o there_o be_v necessity_n in_o all_o process_n to_o have_v a_o defender_n the_o appearand_a heir_n renunce_v be_v only_o call_v to_o supply_v that_o place_n cognitionis_fw-la causa_fw-la but_o without_o any_o effect_n against_o he_o but_o only_o contra_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la jacentem_fw-la but_o if_o the_o appearand_a heir_n
messenger_n at_o the_o denunciation_n do_v make_v three_o oyess_n before_o he_o read_v the_o letter_n of_o horning_n that_o the_o people_n may_v thereby_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o intimation_n which_o therefore_o ought_v to_o be_v with_o audible_a voice_n which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o by_o any_o particular_a statute_n yet_o be_v requisite_a by_o ancient_a custom_n and_o shall_v be_v express_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o all_o letter_n which_o require_v to_o be_v publish_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n the_o intent_n thereof_o be_v that_o the_o publication_n thereof_o may_v come_v to_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o country_n and_o be_v carry_v by_o common_a fame_n that_o all_o party_n concern_v may_v look_v to_o their_o interest_n and_o therefore_o such_o publication_n at_o mercat_n cross_n and_o at_o the_o peir_n of_o lie_v have_v by_o law_n and_o custom_n as_o expedient_n to_o make_v they_o common_o know_v 3._o oysses_n before_o read_v of_o the_o letter_n and_o affix_v the_o copy_n of_o the_o letter_n upon_o these_o public_a place_n and_o horning_n have_v this_o supperadded_n that_o there_o must_v be_v three_o blast_n of_o the_o horn_n after_o read_v of_o the_o letter_n but_o because_o execution_n do_v not_o always_o bear_v 3._o oysses_n but_o general_o lawful_a publication_n the_o lord_n do_v declare_v upon_o the_o february_n 15._o 1681._o that_o they_o will_v sustain_v no_o execution_n of_o messenger_n do_v in_o time_n come_v not_o bear_v three_o oysses_n &_o public_a readingof_n theletter_n in_o a_o reduction_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o gordon_n of_o park_n contra_fw-la arthur_n forbes_n upon_o the_o want_n of_o 3._o oysses_n which_o come_v not_o to_o be_v decide_v because_o the_o execution_n be_v improven_v and_o a_o inhibition_n bear_v only_o that_o the_o messenger_n do_v lawful_o inhibit_v and_o not_o bear_v three_o oysses_n or_o the_o read_n of_o the_o letter_n the_o lord_n find_v the_o same_o null_n and_o will_v not_o suppliant_a by_o witness_n that_o these_o be_v true_o do_v july_n 11._o 1676._o william_n stevinson_n contra_fw-la james_n inn_n but_o where_o the_o execution_n do_v bear_v that_o the_o messenger_n do_v lawful_o publish_v and_o read_v letter_n of_o inhibition_n which_o by_o inspection_n of_o the_o register_n be_v find_v to_o be_v afrequent_a style_n and_o not_o the_o former_a style_n which_o be_v mere_o general_a the_o lord_n sustain_v that_o the_o three_o oysses_n be_v true_o give_v junne_v 21._o 1681._o lundie_n contra_fw-la trotter_n 9_o the_o execution_n must_v also_o bear_v that_o the_o messenger_n do_v give_v three_o blast_n with_o his_o horn_n and_o yet_o a_o horning_n be_v not_o find_v thursday_n because_o it_o bear_v not_o express_o the_o party_n to_o have_v be_v denunce_v or_o three_o blast_n to_o be_v give_v but_o only_o general_o that_o the_o rebel_n be_v denunce_v by_o open_a proclamation_n and_o put_v to_o the_o horn_n january_n 19_o 1611._o sr._n robert_n hepburn_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o nidderie_n and_o a_o execution_n be_v sustain_v though_o it_o bear_v not_o three_o blast_n it_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o witness_n insert_v that_o these_o blast_n be_v true_o give_v and_o the_o execution_n bear_v orderly_o denunce_v march_v 4._o 1624._o drysdale_n contra_fw-la sornbeg_n and_o lamingloun_n 10._o six_o the_o execution_n must_v bear_v that_o the_o messenger_n for_o more_o verification_n have_v affix_v his_o signet_n or_o stamp_v and_o the_o stamp_n must_v appear_v if_o the_o execution_n be_v recent_a else_o it_o will_v be_v null_a march_n 6._o 1624._o comissar_n of_o 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la so_n the_o execution_n of_o a_o horning_n be_v find_v null_a because_o it_o mention_v not_o the_o stamp_v thereof_o hope_v horning_n home_n contra_fw-la pringle_n of_o whitebank_n yet_o the_o execution_n weresustain_v though_o they_o bear_v not_o these_o word_n see_v they_o be_v all_o write_v with_o the_o messenger_n own_o hand_n and_o be_v subscribe_v and_o stamp_v as_o hadingtoun_n observe_v but_o express_v not_o the_o party_n february_n 19_o 1611._o 11._o seven_o horning_n must_v not_o only_o be_v execute_v at_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n where_o the_o party_n dwell_v but_o must_v be_v registrat_n in_o the_o sheriff-clerk_n register_v of_o that_o shire_n within_o 15._o day_n after_o denunciation_n thereupon_o otherways_o the_o same_o be_v null_a par._n 1579._o cap._n 75._o where_o the_o clerk_n be_v ordain_v to_o give_v a_o extract_n and_o registrat_n it_o within_o 24._o hour_n after_o recept_n of_o the_o letter_n and_o if_o he_o refuse_v it_o the_o charger_n may_v registrat_n it_o in_o the_o next_o sheriff_n book_n or_o in_o the_o clerk_n of_o register_n his_o book_n which_o upon_o instrument_n take_v of_o his_o refusal_n be_v declare_v sufficient_a par._n 1579._o cap._n 75._o wherein_o the_o registration_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v judicial_o or_o before_o a_o notar_n and_o four_o famous_a witness_n beside_o the_o ordainry_n clerk_n but_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n be_v rescind_v and_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o registration_n in_o the_o sheriff_n baily_n or_o stewart_n book_n by_o the_o clerk_n thereof_o or_o by_o the_o clerk_n register_n and_o his_o depute_n in_o the_o book_n of_o council_n and_o session_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a in_o itself_o par._n 1600._o cap._n 13._o and_o for_o this_o effect_n there_o be_v a_o general_a register_n of_o horning_n relaxation_n inhibition_n &_o interdiction_n keep_v at_o edinburgh_n and_o a_o particular_a clerk_n deput_n have_v the_o charge_n thereof_o but_o if_o the_o party_n live_v within_o stewartrie_n or_o bailliery_a of_o royalty_n or_o regality_n the_o horn_a must_v be_v registrate_n there_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o other_o horning_n must_v be_v registrate_n in_o the_o sheriff_n book_n else_o it_o be_v declare_v null_n par._n 1597._o cap._n 265._o but_o denunciation_n against_o party_n who_o have_v find_v securetie_n to_o under_o the_o law_n and_o compear_v not_o at_o the_o day_n appoint_v be_v declor_v sufficient_a be_v at_o the_o cross_n of_o edinburgh_n within_o six_o day_n though_o not_o at_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n par._n 1592._o cap._n 126._o and_o likewise_o denunciation_n against_o party_n enter_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o criminal_a court_n with_o more_o person_n than_o there_o domestic_a servant_n and_o procurator_n be_v declare_v valid_a though_o execute_v only_o at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o the_o burgh_n where_o the_o justice_n court_n sit_v for_o the_o time_n and_o registrat_n in_o the_o book_n of_o adjurnall_a par._n 1584._o cap._n 140._o execution_n of_o horning_n be_v also_o find_v null_n because_o execute_v upon_o the_o sabbath_n day_n spot_n charge_v ribbald_n frenchman_n contra_fw-la sir_n lewes_n lauder_n but_o be_v not_o find_v thursday_n because_o registrat_n after_o the_o rebel_n death_n be_v denunce_v before_o december_n 20._o 1626._o laird_n of_o lie_n contra_fw-la executor_n of_o blair_n 12._o though_o the_o horning_n be_v orderly_o use_v yet_o if_o the_o ground_n or_o 〈◊〉_d whereupon_o it_o proceed_v be_v not_o due_a or_o take_v away_o before_o the_o denunciation_n the_o horning_n be_v thereby_o incumbent_a and_o reduceable_a though_o no_o suspension_n of_o the_o horning_n be_v raise_v before_o but_o in_o this_o the_o officer_n of_o state_n must_v be_v call_v to_o prevent_v collusion_n spot_n escheat_n james_n dowglas_n contra_fw-la creditor_n of_o wardlaw_n so_o a_o horning_n upon_o lawborrows_n be_v find_v null_a by_o exception_n because_o caution_n in_o obedience_n be_v find_v before_o denunciation_n november_n 29._o 1626._o smeitoun_n contra_fw-la spear_n yea_o horning_n be_v reduce_v because_o before_o denunciation_n the_o charger_n have_v accept_v a_o band_n in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o horning_n which_o be_v find_v probable_a by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o charger_n against_o the_o donatar_n hope_v horning_n mushet_n contra_fw-la forrester_n the_o like_a where_o the_o charge_n be_v suspend_v before_o the_o denunciation_n though_o the_o reason_n of_o suspension_n militated_a only_o against_o a_o part_n of_o the_o charge_n hope_v horning_n buckie_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o erroll_n but_o the_o rebel_n oath_n or_o holograph_n discharge_v before_o denunciation_n be_v not_o respect_v as_o presume_v collusive_a february_n 10._o 1663._o montgomery_n contra_fw-la montgomery_n and_o lauder_n in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v find_v that_o reduction_n of_o the_o decreet_a upon_o informality_n not_o be_v upon_o material_a justice_n do_v not_o annul_v the_o horning_n neither_o be_v horning_n take_v away_o by_o compensation_n by_o the_o like_a sum_n due_a to_o the_o party_n denunce_v equal_a to_o that_o in_o the_o horning_n not_o have_v be_v actual_o apply_v by_o process_n or_o contract_n before_o the_o denunciation_n nor_o be_v any_o warrant_n require_v for_o use_v the_o execution_n though_o for_o a_o party_n live_v in_o england_n and_o do_v against_o a_o daughter_n and_o her_o husband_n but_o the_o have_v the_o principal_a
cap._n 135._o which_o be_v not_o find_v to_o extend_v to_o dishabilitation_n of_o the_o son_n of_o the_o forefaulted_a person_n but_o that_o it_o may_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v take_v off_o without_o citation_n of_o any_o party_n who_o have_v acquire_v right_o upon_o the_o dishabilitation_n from_o the_o donatar_n which_o fall_v in_o consequence_n february_n 24._o 1665._o da_z elizabeth_z douglas_z and_o sr._n robert_n sinclair_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o wedderburn_n 41._o the_o doom_n or_o decreet_a of_o forefaulture_n when_o past_a in_o parliament_n give_v immediate_a access_n to_o the_o mail_n and_o duty_n of_o the_o estate_n possess_v by_o the_o forefault_n person_n and_o needs_o no_o declaratar_n because_o it_o be_v a_o decreet_a of_o parliament_n and_o have_v the_o like_a effect_n as_o ward_n which_o require_v no_o declarator_n jan._n 6._o 1681._o george_n hoom_n contra_fw-la mr._n patrick_n hoom._n the_o like_a though_o the_o doom_n of_o forefaulture_n be_v by_o the_o justice_n in_o absence_n see_v it_o be_v ratify_v in_o parliament_n not_o by_o a_o ratification_n pass_v of_o course_n but_o by_o a_o public_a law_n ratifie_v that_o forefaultnre_n by_o the_o justice_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v do_v in_o parliament_n and_o all_o such_o forefaulture_n by_o the_o justice_n be_v for_o open_a rebellion_n and_o rise_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n december_n 15._o 1680._o gordon_n of_o troquhen_n contra_fw-la a_o wodsetter_n of_o barscow_n 42._o bastardrie_n and_o last_o heir_n make_v thing_n befall_v to_o the_o fisk_n as_o caduciary_n because_o such_o thing_n can_v be_v lawful_o claim_v by_o none_o and_o therefore_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o fisk._n ere_o we_o can_v conceive_v the_o effect_n of_o bastardrie_n we_o must_v understand_v the_o efficient_a that_o make_v a_o bastard_n which_o be_v relative_n and_o defective_a be_v best_a take_v up_o by_o the_o opposite_a viz._n a_o lawful_a child_n beget_v of_o person_n lawful_o marry_v so_o than_o a_o bastard_n be_v a_o child_n who_o parent_n werenot_v lawful_o marry_v and_o therefore_o such_o be_v bastard_n first_o who_o parent_n be_v not_o at_o all_o marry_a 2._o these_o who_o parent_n be_v marry_v yet_o be_v not_o in_o degree_n capable_a of_o marriage_n 3._o these_o who_o be_v marry_v and_o in_o capable_a degree_n yet_o the_o marriage_n be_v inconsistent_a because_o of_o some_o impediment_n as_o if_o either_o party_n be_v marry_v before_o and_o the_o other_o spouse_n on_o life_n whether_o that_o be_v solemn_o or_o private_o by_o promise_n of_o marriage_n and_o copulation_n follow_v in_o which_o last_o case_n if_o the_o impediment_n be_v secret_a and_o not_o know_v to_o both_o party_n craig_n observe_v as_o his_o own_o opinion_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o say_a impediment_n though_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o annul_v the_o marriage_n yet_o not_o to_o take_v away_o the_o legitimation_n of_o the_o child_n procreate_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la by_o any_o of_o the_o party_n before_o knowledge_n of_o that_o impediment_n but_o because_o who_o be_v the_o parent_n be_v sometime_o dubious_a procreation_n be_v secret_a both_o in_o the_o act_n and_o effect_n for_o clear_v thereof_o it_o be_v the_o common_a rule_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o with_o we_o pater_fw-la est_fw-la quem_fw-la justae_fw-la nuptiae_fw-la demonstrant_fw-la l._n 5._o f._n de_fw-fr in_o jus_o vocando_fw-la so_o he_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v the_o father_n who_o the_o time_n that_o the_o conception_n may_v be_v be_v marry_v to_o the_o mother_n but_o in_o this_o case_n lawful_a marriage_n be_v not_o oppose_v to_o clandestine_v or_o irregular_a marriage_n as_o not_o be_v after_o proclamation_n in_o the_o church_n or_o by_o a_o person_n have_v power_n to_o marry_v by_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n or_o statute_n of_o the_o country_n but_o that_o be_v only_o understand_v as_o unlawful_a marriage_n in_o this_o case_n which_o material_o be_v unjust_a and_o inconsistent_a where_o marriage_n can_v not_o have_v subsist_v albeit_o it_o have_v be_v orderly_o perform_v as_o be_v by_o person_n in_o degree_n prohibit_v by_o divine_a law_n or_o where_o either_o party_n have_v another_o lawful_a spouse_n then_o live_v and_o undivorced_a yea_o marriage_n betwixt_o the_o adulterer_n and_o the_o adulteress_n after_o this_o solution_n of_o the_o former_a marriage_n do_v not_o infer_v bastardrie_n of_o the_o child_n of_o the_o subsequent_a marriage_n though_o it_o may_v debarr_v they_o from_o succession_n the_o presumption_n that_o the_o child_n bear_v in_o marriage_n be_v the_o husband_n require_v such_o time_n as_o they_o may_v have_v be_v lawful_o procreate_v when_o both_o party_n be_v free_a and_o unmarried_a which_o if_o it_o be_v 9_o month_n before_o the_o birth_n it_o be_v sufficient_a but_o if_o less_o the_o presumption_n will_v not_o suffice_v unless_o it_o appear_v the_o child_n be_v unrype_a and_o bear_v before_o the_o time_n otherwise_o the_o child_n will_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v the_o former_a husband_n this_o be_v presumptio_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o admit_v contrary_a probation_n as_o first_o if_o the_o father_n be_v absent_a or_o impotent_a the_o time_n that_o the_o conception_n can_v be_v which_o absence_n be_v not_o necessary_o beyond_o sea_n as_o the_o english_a require_v the_o father_n absence_n and_o therefore_o if_o he_o be_v within_o the_o four_o sea_n during_o the_o time_n the_o birth_n be_v in_o the_o womb_n this_o presumption_n prevail_v against_o his_o absence_n with_o they_o but_o with_o we_o it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a that_o his_o absence_n be_v special_a and_o circumstantiat_fw-la that_o there_o remain_v no_o doubt_n that_o he_o can_v not_o have_v be_v present_a as_o if_o the_o father_n be_v in_o prison_n or_o at_o very_o great_a distance_n so_o that_o a_o short_a time_n may_v not_o suffice_v he_o to_o be_v present_a this_o presumption_n will_v also_o be_v take_v off_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o both_o parent_n agree_v that_o the_o child_n belong_v to_o another_o father_n and_o so_o be_v a_o bastard_n but_o the_o testimony_n of_o either_o of_o they_o will_v not_o suffice_v as_o craig_n relate_v of_o a_o lady_n that_o have_v controversy_n with_o her_o son_n she_o be_v accustom_v to_o confess_v that_o he_o be_v a_o bastard_n and_o of_o a_o queen_n relate_v by_o the_o doctor_n who_o name_n they_o forbear_v who_o at_o the_o time_n of_o her_o death_n declare_v to_o her_o son_n that_o he_o be_v not_o the_o king_n son_n yet_o he_o be_v receive_v as_o king_n in_o his_o father_n place_n it_o have_v be_v more_o frequent_o see_v that_o the_o father_n have_v disow_v the_o child_n bear_v of_o his_o wife_n which_o though_o it_o may_v infer_v suspicion_n and_o reproach_n yet_o not_o bastardrie_n unless_o the_o mother_n also_o of_o consent_n or_o by_o process_n be_v make_v to_o acknowledge_v it_o it_o will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o eleid_v the_o foresay_a presumption_n though_o the_o wife_n adultery_n shall_v be_v prove_v yea_o though_o at_o a_o time_n answer_v to_o the_o time_n of_o conception_n though_o it_o have_v a_o ordinary_a course_n of_o 9_o month_n yet_o have_v have_v such_o variation_n that_o the_o child_n have_v be_v account_v belong_v to_o the_o father_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o marriag_n though_o it_o precede_v the_o birth_n of_o the_o child_n only_o by_o the_o space_n of_o 8_o 7_o or_o the_o begin_n of_o 6._o month_n especial_o if_o by_o the_o judgement_n of_o physician_n immaturity_n of_o the_o child_n concur_v yea_o this_o presumption_n will_v attribute_n the_o child_n to_o the_o father_n though_o the_o child_n be_v bear_v 9_o 10_o or_o 11._o month_n after_o the_o father_n death_n but_o in_o these_o case_n the_o probability_n of_o the_o circumstance_n may_v make_v the_o mother_n testimony_n alone_o sufficient_a to_o instruct_v the_o bastardy_n of_o the_o child_n neither_o be_v marriage_n here_o account_v by_o the_o solemnisation_n thereof_o in_o the_o church_n which_o in_o some_o place_n be_v ordinary_o without_o that_o and_o though_o with_o we_o it_o be_v a_o requisite_a solemnity_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o of_o the_o be_v of_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o cohabitation_n as_o man_n and_o wife_n supply_v the_o solemnity_n of_o public_a marriage_n which_o be_v a_o 〈◊〉_d act_n and_o have_v no_o record_n can_v seldom_o be_v prove_v yea_o though_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o both_o party_n or_o otherwise_o that_o there_o be_v never_o a_o formal_a marriage_n if_o the_o party_n be_v capable_a of_o marriage_n cohabitation_n will_v supply_v for_o after_o contract_n or_o promise_v of_o marriage_n or_o sponsalia_fw-la if_o copulation_n follow_v there_o be_v thence_o presume_v a_o matrimonial_a consent_n de_fw-fr presenti_fw-la which_o therefore_o can_v be_v pass_v from_o by_o either_o or_o both_o party_n as_o have_v the_o essential_a requisit_n of_o marriage_n if_o diligence_n be_v use_v for_o perform_v that_o
the_o same_o rate_n and_o then_o put_v his_o couzin-german_a to_o acquire_v it_o february_n 2._o 1681._o master_n of_o balmerino_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o pourie_n upon_o the_o same_o ground_n a_o donatar_n of_o a_o liferent_a escheat_n be_v examine_v whether_o it_o be_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o his_o good-brother_n have_v depone_v that_o it_o be_v to_o his_o own_o behoof_n he_o die_v before_o he_o be_v re-examined_a his_o oath_n be_v interpret_v only_o that_o he_o have_v give_v no_o back-bond_n or_o promise_n in_o favour_n of_o his_o good-brother_n and_o therefore_o pregnant_a presumption_n of_o the_o trust_n be_v infer_v in_o that_o the_o brother_n only_o be_v concern_v in_o that_o liferent_a that_o he_o manage_v and_o be_v at_o all_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o process_n that_o the_o donatar_n successor_n never_o own_v nor_o confirm_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o gift_n february_n 11._o 1679._o forbes_n of_o balvenie_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o boyn_n 46._o the_o law_n for_o utility_n of_o commerce_n do_v against_o the_o common_a rule_n foresay_v constitute_v a_o obligation_n upon_o exercitor_n by_o the_o deed_n or_o contract_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n a_o exercitor_n be_v he_o to_o who_o the_o profit_n of_o vessel_n or_o ship_n whether_o upon_o the_o sea_n rivers_n or_o lake_n belong_v whether_o he_o be_v owner_n of_o the_o ship_n or_o have_v only_o hire_v the_o same_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v he_o that_o have_v the_o command_n thereof_o who_o therefore_o may_v contract_v and_o borrow_v money_n for_o reparation_n of_o the_o ship_n or_o out-rigging_a thereof_o or_o for_o the_o entertainment_n of_o the_o mariner_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o voyage_n and_o thereby_o not_o only_o the_o master_n contracter_n but_o the_o exercitor_n who_o constitute_v he_o be_v liable_a yea_o if_o the_o master_n substitute_v another_o master_n his_o engagement_n also_o obliege_v the_o exercitor_n so_o that_o whosoever_o he_o be_v that_o contract_v with_o he_o who_o for_o the_o time_n officiat_n as_o master_n obliege_v the_o exercitor_n in_o what_o be_v borrow_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o ship_n company_n or_o voyage_n and_o there_o seem_v no_o necessity_n of_o show_v a_o commission_n but_o the_o exerce_a of_o the_o office_n be_v sufficient_a and_o thereby_o the_o ship_n and_o out-rigging_a may_v be_v hypothecat_n and_o affect_v yea_o if_o there_o be_v many_o exercitor_n they_o be_v all_o liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la and_o if_o there_o be_v many_o master_n the_o contract_n of_o one_o of_o they_o obliege_v the_o exercitor_n unless_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v they_o can_v contract_v but_o joint_o which_o must_v appear_v by_o their_o commission_n neither_o need_v he_o who_o contract_v with_o the_o master_n instruct_v that_o the_o money_n borrow_v be_v actual_o employ_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o ship_n company_n or_o voyage_n but_o this_o much_o he_o must_v make_v appear_v that_o when_o he_o lend_v the_o money_n there_o be_v such_o need_n of_o it_o albeit_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o take_v notice_n whether_o the_o master_n misemploy_v it_o or_o not_o because_o the_o exercitor_n shall_v have_v look_v who_o he_o trust_v if_o the_o master_n be_v constitute_v with_o power_n to_o buy_v ware_n and_o load_v the_o ship_n the_o prepositor_n be_v liable_a to_o these_o who_o contract_n with_o he_o upon_o that_o account_n but_o this_o be_v not_o presume_v upon_o act_v as_o master_n unless_o his_o commission_n appear_v and_o the_o master_n other_o contract_n oblige_v not_o the_o exercitor_n albeit_o their_o fault_n do_v by_o the_o edict_n nautae_fw-la caupones_fw-la stabularij_fw-la all_o which_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o title_n ff_fw-mi de_fw-fr exercitoria_fw-la actione_n per_fw-la totum_fw-la and_o be_v general_o in_o vigour_n 47._o after_o the_o similitude_n of_o the_o exercitory_a action_n the_o praetor_n by_o the_o perpetual_a edict_n do_v introduce_v the_o institory_a action_n where_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o institor_n in_o relation_n to_o that_o wherein_o they_o be_v entrust_v their_o prepositor_n be_v oblige_v as_o exercitor_n be_v as_o to_o maritime_a matter_n so_o prepositor_n be_v correspondent_a in_o traffic_n at_o land_n and_o institor_n be_v these_o who_o be_v entrust_v in_o such_o affair_n correspond_v to_o the_o master_n of_o ship_n such_o institorsare_n these_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o keep_v of_o shop_n buy_v or_o sell_v of_o ware_n keep_v of_o cash_n for_o exchange_n such_o as_o be_v send_v abroad_o to_o buy_v ware_n and_o these_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o labourage_n of_o any_o field_n or_o any_o other_o like_o business_n and_o it_o be_v alike_o of_o whatsoever_o sex_n or_o age_n they_o be_v though_o even_o they_o be_v pupil_n who_o can_v oblige_v themselves_o or_o minor_n who_o have_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yet_o both_o do_v effectual_o oblige_v their_o prepositor_n and_o it_o there_o 〈◊〉_d more_o prepositor_n they_o be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la but_o such_o obligation_n reach_v no_o further_o then_o for_o what_o be_v contract_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o affair_n wherein_o they_o be_v entrust_v neither_o be_v the_o prepositor_n oblige_v if_o they_o have_v intimate_v to_o the_o party_n contracter_n not_o to_o contract_v with_o their_o institor_n but_o if_o they_o contract_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la albeit_o the_o institor_n be_v limit_n and_o prohibit_v to_o contract_n in_o such_o case_n the_o creditor_n contract_n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la with_o they_o be_v secure_a all_o which_o appear_v title_n de_fw-fr instit_n actione_n ff_n per_fw-la totum_fw-la 48._o custody_n be_v call_v in_o the_o law_n depositum_fw-la or_o commendatum_fw-la to_o which_o we_o have_v no_o suitable_a term_n but_o this_o contract_n be_v most_o fit_o express_v by_o the_o duty_n and_o obligation_n thereof_o which_o be_v to_o keep_v or_o preserve_v that_o which_o be_v give_v in_o custody_n and_o it_o be_v here_o subjoin_v to_o mandat_fw-la because_o indeed_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o it_o for_o the_o lawyer_n do_v not_o so_o much_o notice_n the_o accuracy_n of_o logical_a division_n whereby_o no_o member_n can_v comprehend_v another_o as_o the_o usual_a term_n know_v in_o law_n and_o therefore_o handle_v mandatum_fw-la depositum_fw-la &_o pignus_fw-la several_o though_o all_o of_o they_o be_v true_o mandate_n and_o therefore_o also_o depositum_fw-la may_v be_v fit_o define_v to_o be_v a_o mandate_n or_o commission_n give_v and_o undertake_v to_o keep_v and_o preserve_v something_o belong_v to_o the_o mandator_n or_o some_o three_o party_n and_o therefore_o whatsoever_o have_v be_v before_o say_v of_o mandate_n must_v be_v here_o understand_v of_o custody_n and_o need_v not_o be_v repeat_v except_o what_o be_v special_a in_o custody_n 49._o the_o civil_a law_n make_v a_o difference_n in_o the_o diligence_n of_o mandatar_n and_o depositar_n that_o these_o be_v liable_a only_o for_o fraud_n where_o of_o alone_a the_o praetor_n edict_n make_v mention_v l._n 1._o §_o 1._o ff_n depositi_fw-la l._n 23._o ff_v de_fw-fr regulis_fw-la juris_fw-la l._n 20._o ff_n depositi_fw-la where_o by_o the_o depositar_n though_o he_o loss_n the_o thing_n depositate_fw-la without_o fraud_n be_v free_a but_o it_o be_v extend_v to_o lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la the_o gross_a fault_n quae_fw-la dolo_fw-la aequiparatur_fw-la in_o jure_fw-la l._n quod_fw-la nerva_fw-la 32._o ff_n depositi_fw-la where_o the_o diligence_n opposite_a to_o gross_a fault_n be_v excellent_o describe_v by_o such_o diligence_n as_o man_n ordinary_o do_v or_o the_o depositar_n do_v in_o his_o own_o affair_n but_o mandatar_n be_v liable_a for_o the_o light_a fault_n yet_o as_o be_v show_v before_o that_o be_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o not_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o mandate_n for_o sure_o the_o reason_n and_o ground_n of_o the_o diligence_n of_o both_o be_v alike_o as_o be_v gratuitous_a and_o at_o the_o free_a choice_n of_o the_o constituent_a who_o therefore_o shall_v demand_v no_o more_o in_o either_o case_n but_o such_o diligence_n as_o the_o person_n entrust_v use_v or_o man_n ordinary_o do_v in_o their_o own_o affair_n unless_o it_o be_v otherways_o agree_v or_o that_o the_o depositar_n have_v procure_v the_o custody_n when_o other_o offer_v l._n 1._o §_o 35._o ff_n depositi_fw-la or_o that_o he_o have_v any_o honorary_a or_o salary_n therefore_o which_o may_v be_v consistent_a here_o or_o in_o other_o mandate_n when_o in_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o party_n it_o be_v not_o a_o equivalent_a satisfaction_n to_o the_o benefit_n receive_v which_o ordinary_o be_v not_o esteemable_a as_o the_o salary_n of_o medicine_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o health_n or_o life_n and_o cure_v any_o member_n or_o of_o judge_n or_o lawyer_n for_o the_o do_v or_o procure_v of_o justice_n and_o therefore_o be_v call_v a_o honorary_a and_o the_o contract_n be_v esteem_v notwithstanding_o free_a or_o in_o depositation_n make_v in_o case_n of_o
naufrage_fw-la fire_n tumult_n or_o fall_v of_o house_n where_o the_o positive_a law_n give_v the_o double_a in_o case_n of_o denial_n of_o the_o thing_n depositat_fw-la in_o commiseration_n of_o these_o case_n for_o the_o public_a good_a l._n 1._o ff_n depositi_fw-la but_o these_o case_n must_v be_v evident_a and_o the_o only_a cause_n of_o the_o contract_n l._n 1._o §_o 3._o ff_n depositi_fw-la hence_o it_o follow_v that_o depositar_n be_v not_o liable_a for_o light_a fault_n or_o the_o perish_a or_o deterioration_n of_o the_o thing_n depositat_fw-la by_o casuality_n or_o accident_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v question_v if_o the_o depositar_n delay_n and_o not_o redeliver_v whether_o in_o that_o case_n he_o be_v liable_a to_o make_v it_o good_a the_o same_o question_n be_v also_o in_o mandate_n and_o the_o law_n be_v for_o the_o affirmative_a in_o this_o and_o all_o other_o case_n unless_o the_o thing_n after_o the_o delay_n will_v have_v the_o same_o way_n perish_v if_o it_o have_v be_v restore_v l._n 5._o ff_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la creditis_fw-la l._n 12._o §_o 3._o ff_n depositi_fw-la where_o the_o depositar_n peril_n be_v per_fw-la judicium_fw-la acceptum_fw-la the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v render_v because_o if_o the_o thing_n have_v be_v restore_v the_o owner_n may_v have_v sell_v it_o and_o so_o though_o it_o have_v perish_v he_o have_v be_v no_o loser_n yet_o this_o be_v partly_o penal_a and_o the_o adequat_fw-la ground_n of_o it_o must_v be_v by_o the_o obligation_n of_o reparation_n of_o the_o damnage_n sustain_v by_o that_o delinquence_n in_o not_o restore_v the_o thing_n depositat_fw-la to_o its_o owner_n when_o require_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v according_a to_o the_o true_a interest_n and_o though_o possible_o the_o owner_n may_v have_v sell_v it_o before_o it_o have_v perish_v yet_o unless_o there_o have_v be_v a_o know_a occasion_n or_o offer_v to_o have_v buy_v or_o purchase_v it_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o remain_v of_o it_o after_o delay_n equity_n will_v not_o conclude_v the_o make_n up_o of_o what_o have_v so_o perish_v in_o this_o we_o be_v not_o bound_v with_o any_o positive_a law_n or_o custom_n and_o therefore_o equity_n in_o it_o with_o we_o may_v take_v place_n and_o we_o be_v not_o severe_a in_o diligence_n of_o mandatar_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o former_a paragraph_n neither_o yet_o in_o custody_n and_o therefore_o a_o person_n have_v receive_v money_n in_o keep_v and_o it_o be_v demand_v he_o do_v declare_v that_o it_o be_v send_v with_o his_o own_o to_o dundee_n for_o safety_n and_o that_o the_o owner_n may_v have_v it_o there_o for_o send_v for_o and_o thereafter_o dundee_n be_v take_v and_o plunder_v he_o be_v liberat_fw-la give_v his_o oath_n that_o the_o money_n he_o get_v in_o keep_v be_v lose_v there_o july_n 19_o 1662._o fidde_v contra_fw-la jack_n and_o a_o horse_n be_v put_v in_o the_o park_n of_o halyroodbouse_n for_o grassing_n though_o he_o be_v lose_v the_o keeper_n be_v find_v free_a because_o there_o be_v a_o placat_fw-la on_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o park_n that_o the_o horse_n to_o be_v put_v there_o be_v upon_o their_o master_n peril_n though_o this_o horse_n be_v deliver_v to_o a_o servant_n who_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o placat_fw-la november_n 16._o 1667._o whitehead_n of_o park_n contra_fw-la john_n straitoun_n 50._o in_o the_o civil_a law_n there_o be_v a_o depositation_n of_o special_a nature_n institute_n by_o the_o edict_n nautae_fw-la caupones_fw-la stabularij_fw-la quod_fw-la cujusque_fw-la salvum_fw-la fore_fw-la reciperunt_fw-la nisi_fw-la restituant_fw-la in_o eos_fw-la judicium_fw-la dabo_fw-la l._n 1._o ff_n eodem_fw-la by_o this_o edict_n positive_a law_n for_o utility_n sake_n have_v appoint_v that_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o passenger_n in_o ship_n or_o voyager_n in_o inn_n or_o in_o stable_n shall_v be_v far_o extend_v beyond_o the_o nature_n of_o depositation_n which_o obliege_v only_o for_o fraud_n or_o supine_n negligence_n they_o who_o have_v express_o contract_v for_o their_o own_o fact_n but_o this_o edict_n for_o public_a utility_n sake_n extend_v it_o first_o to_o the_o restitution_n of_o the_o good_n of_o passenger_n and_o voyager_n and_o reparation_n of_o any_o loss_n or_o injury_n do_v by_o the_o mariner_n or_o servant_n of_o the_o inn_n or_o stable_a l._n 1._o §_o 8._o eodem_fw-la whereas_o by_o the_o common_a law_n before_o that_o edict_n in_o this_o and_o other_o such_o case_n there_o be_v no_o such_o obligement_n much_o less_o be_v person_n now_o oblige_v for_o their_o hire_a servant_n fact_n or_o fault_n except_o where_o they_o be_v special_o entrust_v by_o they_o but_o because_o the_o theft_n and_o loss_n of_o such_o good_n be_v very_o ordinary_a in_o ship_n inn_n and_o stable_n before_o this_o edict_n be_v introduce_v for_o the_o security_n of_o traveller_n l._n 1._o §_o eodem_fw-la second_o the_o edict_n extend_v this_o obligement_n even_o to_o the_o damnage_n sustain_v by_o other_o passenger_n or_o voyager_n of_o the_o ship_n inn_n or_o stable_a for_o the_o which_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n innkeeper_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o stable_a can_v be_v no_o way_n oblige_v but_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o edict_n three_o they_o be_v make_v liable_a for_o the_o loss_n or_o theft_n of_o such_o thing_n absolute_o from_o which_o they_o be_v free_a by_o no_o diligence_n but_o be_v not_o liable_a for_o accident_n or_o force_n by_o nautae_fw-la in_o the_o edict_n be_v understand_v not_o the_o mariner_n but_o the_o exercitor_n or_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n to_o who_o the_o profit_n belong_v and_o so_o the_o master_n of_o the_o inn_n or_o stable_a and_o by_o the_o statute_n they_o be_v only_o liable_a for_o that_o quod_fw-la salvum_fw-la fore_fw-la reciperunt_fw-la that_o which_o they_o receive_v in_o custody_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o such_o other_o as_o they_o entrust_v to_o admit_v passenger_n or_o voyager_n their_o good_n and_o horse_n l._n 1._o §_o 2._o eodem_fw-la whether_o the_o same_o be_v ware_n clothes_n cloag-bag_n and_o other_o furnish_n for_o passenger_n or_o voyager_n or_o the_o furniture_n of_o horse_n in_o stable_n l._n 1._o §_o 6._o eodem_fw-la or_o whether_o other_o thing_n bring_v in_o the_o more_o common_a opinion_n be_v albeit_o the_o thing_n bring_v in_o be_v neither_o know_v or_o show_v to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n inn_n or_o stable_a they_o be_v liable_a for_o restitution_n l._n 1._o §_o 8._o eodem_fw-la and_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v want_v the_o party_n loser_n have_v jur_fw-la amentum_fw-la in_o litem_fw-la and_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o show_v what_o be_v in_o his_o clogbag_n pocket_n etc._n etc._n gloss._n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o all_o which_o be_v render_v l._n 1._o ibidem_fw-la because_o it_o be_v in_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n option_n to_o receive_v such_o person_n or_o not_o and_o consequent_o if_o he_o doubt_v of_o their_o trust_n in_o case_n they_o allege_v any_o thing_n want_v he_o may_v refuse_v they_o access_n unless_o they_o show_v what_o they_o have_v otherways_o he_o be_v presume_v to_o trust_v their_o oath_n without_o which_o this_o benefit_n will_v be_v useless_a they_o be_v also_o not_o only_o liable_a for_o what_o be_v receive_v and_o enter_v in_o the_o ship_n or_o inn_n but_o also_o if_o it_o be_v express_o receive_v for_o that_o end_n else_o where_o by_o these_o have_a power_n and_o if_o it_o be_v lose_v before_o it_o be_v enter_v in_o the_o ship_n as_o on_o the_o shoar_n l._n 3._o ibid._n neither_o be_v these_o person_n liberate_a by_o bid_v each_o man_n look_v to_o his_o own_o good_n unless_o the_o passenger_n consent_n l._n 7._o eodem_fw-la but_o their_o silence_n will_v not_o import_v their_o consent_n when_o they_o be_v enter_v and_o in_o their_o passage_n yet_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o express_v before_o or_o at_o their_o entry_n when_o it_o be_v free_a to_o they_o to_o enter_v or_o not_o such_o silence_n will_v sufficient_o infer_v consent_n neither_o be_v they_o free_a though_o the_o passenger_n take_v the_o key_n of_o the_o chamber_n or_o chest_n himself_o which_o be_v but_o propter_fw-la majorem_fw-la securitatem_fw-la and_o not_o to_o liberate_v their_o obleigment_n especial_o see_v they_o may_v have_v other_o key_n which_o the_o passenger_n can_v know_v this_o excellent_a edict_n be_v but_o positive_a will_v be_v effectual_a with_o we_o only_o in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o common_a custom_n of_o nation_n have_v own_v it_o especial_o in_o maritime_a matter_n betwixt_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n or_o in_o so_o far_o as_o our_o own_o custom_n have_v receive_v it_o at_o home_n but_o the_o evident_a expediencie_n of_o it_o can_v but_o make_v it_o acceptable_a any_o where_o where_o the_o least_o respect_n be_v have_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v find_v therefore_o that_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n