Selected quad for the lemma: justice_n
Text snippets containing the quad
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A26335
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An essay concerning self-murther wherein is endeavour'd to prove that it is unlawful according to natural principles : with some considerations upon what is pretended from the said principles, by the author of a treatise intituled, Biathanatos, and others / by J. Adams ...
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Adams, John, 1662-1720.
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1700
(1700)
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Wing A483; ESTC R22152
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139,541
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336
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a_o gratuity_n seldom_o want_v when_o it_o be_v for_o the_o heir_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o the_o return_n be_v general_o non_fw-la compos_fw-la but_o if_o these_o paper_n shall_v ever_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o any_o of_o these_o gentleman_n i_o entreat_v they_o to_o consider_v serious_o the_o trust_n that_o be_v repose_v in_o they_o they_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o freeholder_n of_o their_o several_a county_n as_o parliament_n man_n be_v and_o what_o the_o consequence_n will_v be_v even_o to_o after_o age_n of_o the_o breach_n of_o such_o trust_n and_o to_o themselves_o especial_o if_o they_o believe_v any_o thing_n of_o another_o world_n for_o to_o omit_v the_o suspicion_n of_o corruption_n which_o i_o be_o very_o loath_a to_o improve_v whatever_o the_o motive_n be_v through_o which_o the_o design_n of_o any_o law_n be_v elude_v the_o consequence_n will_v be_v much_o the_o same_o if_o a_o law_n be_v make_v to_o restrain_v a_o dreadsul_n sin_n which_o be_v withal_o very_o pernicious_a to_o the_o state_n and_o such_o or_o such_o a_o punishment_n be_v appoint_v to_o this_o end_n if_o this_o law_n become_v of_o no_o force_n by_o that_o very_a person_n prevent_v the_o punishment_n who_o be_v intruâââd_v by_o his_o country_n to_o see_v the_o law_n execute_v let_v this_o be_v do_v out_o of_o compassion_n generosity_n or_o what_o you_o please_v all_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o sin_n forbid_v so_o heinous_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o so_o pernicious_a to_o the_o public_a he_o will_v have_v a_o share_n in_o and_o if_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n if_o he_o betray_v his_o country_n not_o only_o in_o the_o present_a age_n but_o be_v false_a to_o posterity_n also_o what_o will_v it_o signify_v that_o this_o be_v do_v out_o of_o charity_n or_o generosity_n to_o one_o or_o two_o person_n who_o perhaps_o do_v not_o need_v it_o or_o if_o they_o do_v never_o somuch_o how_o preposterous_a must_v that_o charity_n be_v which_o to_o assist_v a_o sew_v as_o to_o temporal_a convenience_n shall_v contribute_v to_o the_o damnation_n of_o many_o soul_n and_o make_v a_o man_n venture_v through_o treachery_n and_o perjury_n to_o hazard_v his_o own_o if_o these_o consideration_n and_o other_o of_o the_o like_a kind_n shall_v not_o prevail_v with_o these_o person_n so_o much_o as_o immediate_a punishment_n the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n for_o the_o time_n be_v be_v as_o i_o be_o tell_v the_o chief_a coroner_n of_o england_n inquiry_n into_o failures_n of_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v make_v in_o that_o court_n and_o this_o consideration_n ought_v to_o terrify_v every_o one_o who_o shall_v be_v thus_o concern_v especial_o at_o this_o time_n since_o that_o important_a trust_n be_v never_o discharge_v with_o more_o profound_a knowledge_n of_o our_o law_n and_o with_o great_a integrity_n than_o at_o present_a chap._n ix_o transition_n to_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o this_o treatise_n with_o a_o short_a view_n of_o it_o the_o authority_n of_o example_n consider_v several_a instance_n of_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o many_o nation_n in_o this_o case_n examine_v particular_o such_o as_o concern_v the_o roman_n that_o nothing_o can_v be_v bring_v from_o hence_o to_o prove_v self-murder_n to_o be_v natural_a have_v lay_v down_o those_o natural_a principle_n upon_o which_o i_o suppose_v self-murder_n to_o be_v unlawful_a and_o answer_v such_o objection_n as_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o great_a strength_n i_o once_o think_v that_o my_o task_n be_v almost_o over_o but_o there_o be_v some_o person_n who_o do_v not_o much_o relish_n those_o argument_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n but_o be_v determine_v chief_o by_o custom_n and_o example_n though_o rare_o understand_v and_o lead_v away_o by_o mistake_a notion_n of_o courage_n honour_n liberty_n or_o the_o like_a such_o as_o these_o notwithstanding_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v will_v scarce_o yield_v that_o this_o act_n be_v unlawful_a for_o say_v they_o have_v not_o people_n of_o all_o age_n and_o nation_n be_v incline_v to_o it_o have_v it_o not_o be_v require_v by_o positive_a law_n as_o well_o as_o allow_v by_o ancient_a custom_n have_v not_o the_o great_a and_o brave_a nation_n in_o the_o world_n afford_v we_o innumerable_a example_n of_o it_o do_v not_o the_o most_o wise_a and_o virtuous_a sect_n of_o all_o the_o philosopher_n teach_v and_o practice_v it_o and_o be_v ever_o such_o honour_n pay_v to_o any_o mortal_a man_n as_o be_v to_o cato_n upon_o this_o account_n if_o cowardice_n disgrace_n and_o slavery_n be_v to_o be_v hate_v and_o avoid_v if_o courage_n or_o the_o love_n of_o honour_n or_o liberty_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v and_o pursue_v then_o certain_o in_o many_o case_n self-murder_n may_v be_v not_o only_o lawful_a but_o high_o commendable_a this_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o short_a view_n of_o what_o remain_v to_o be_v do_v and_o first_o the_o business_n of_o this_o chapter_n shall_v be_v to_o inquire_v concern_v the_o authority_n of_o example_n particular_o those_o which_o be_v allege_v to_o prove_v self-murder_n to_o be_v natural_a to_o return_v then_o to_o our_o author_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o 3_o that_o biath_n p._n 50._o sect._n 3_o another_o reason_n which_o prevail_v much_o withme_n and_o deliver_v it_o from_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v this_o that_o in_o all_o age_n in_o all_o place_n upon_o all_o occasion_n man_n of_o all_o condition_n have_v affect_v it_o or_o incline_v to_o do_v it_o 51._o it_o p._n 51._o all_o history_n afford_v not_o so_o many_o example_n either_o of_o cunning_n or_o subtle_a device_n or_o of_o forcible_a or_o violent_a action_n for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o life_n as_o for_o destroy_v again_o 73._o again_o biath_n p._n 72._o 73._o self-homicide_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o escape_v the_o breach_n of_o any_o law_n of_o nature_n because_o both_o express_a litteral_n law_n and_o mute_a law_n custom_n have_v authorize_v it_o not_o only_o by_o suffer_v and_o connivency_n but_o by_o appoint_v it_o there_o be_v no_o way_n of_o argue_v so_o fallacious_a as_o that_o which_o depend_v upon_o example_n though_o there_o be_v none_o that_o be_v more_o popular_a they_o who_o resist_v reason_n out_o of_o vanity_n or_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o it_o through_o ignorance_n be_v quick_o take_v with_o example_n because_o they_o be_v govern_v by_o inclination_n only_o and_o it_o be_v but_o throw_v open_a some_o history_n before_o they_o and_o then_o whatever_o their_o prevail_a passion_n be_v they_o may_v very_o easy_o sit_v it_o with_o a_o example_n but_o every_o man_n of_o sense_n will_v quick_o see_v how_o unreasonable_a this_o be_v for_o since_o humane_a action_n must_v be_v try_v by_o some_o rule_n whereby_o their_o goodness_n or_o badness_n may_v be_v discover_v the_o example_n ought_v to_o be_v bring_v to_o this_o test_n the_o thing_n in_o question_n shall_v first_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v just_a and_o lawful_a and_o then_o example_n may_v be_v of_o use_n to_o illustrate_v it_o to_o bring_v what_o be_v in_o idea_n into_o maitââ¦r_n of_o fact_n and_o by_o make_v reason_n as_o it_o be_v visible_a awake_a and_o stir_v up_o the_o will_n by_o the_o natural_a beauty_n of_o the_o thing_n the_o possibility_n of_o perform_v it_o and_o the_o applause_n which_o have_v follow_v to_o act_v according_o and_o when_o this_o be_v do_v a_o well_o dispose_v soul_n strike_v in_o ready_o and_o imitate_v and_o improve_v with_o vigour_n and_o alacrity_n wherefore_o if_o what_o have_v be_v say_v be_v real_o true_a if_o self-murder_n have_v be_v try_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o be_v show_v to_o be_v unlawful_a upon_o so_o many_o account_n whether_o man_n be_v consider_v in_o the_o individual_a or_o as_o a_o member_n of_o civil_a society_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v concern_v what_o appearance_n soever_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o example_n to_o the_o contrary_a yet_o since_o whatever_o be_v apt_a to_o deceive_v aught_o to_o be_v lay_v open_a and_o it_o have_v be_v think_v sit_v to_o insist_v upon_o this_o kind_n of_o authority_n i_o will_v show_v more_o particular_o that_o suppose_v example_n be_v in_o themselves_o good_a argument_n yet_o those_o which_o be_v allege_v upon_o this_o occasion_n will_v not_o prove_v self-murder_n to_o be_v natural_a as_o for_o what_o this_o learned_a gentleman_n say_v that_o all_o history_n do_v not_o afford_v such_o instance_n of_o cunning_a or_o force_n for_o the_o preserve_v of_o life_n as_o for_o the_o destroy_a of_o it_o i_o must_v take_v leave_n to_o say_v that_o this_o may_v be_v find_v otherwise_o by_o the_o read_n of_o any_o one_o history_n in_o the_o world_n all_o the_o remarkable_a effect_n either_o of_o force_n or_o fraud_n imply_v a_o desire_n of_o life_n the_o example_n which_o he_o bring_v be_v of_o
destroy_v they_o revolââ¦ed_v from_o virtue_n and_o run_v over_o to_o vice_n not_o by_o degree_n but_o as_o down_o a_o precipice_n and_o that_o judicious_a author_n salasââ¦_n catil_n salasââ¦_n bell._n catil_n while_o the_o commonwealth_n increase_v by_o labour_n and_o justice_n great_a king_n and_o barbarous_a nation_n be_v subdue_v but_o when_o carthage_n the_o rival_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v once_o demolish_v fortune_n begin_v to_o rage_n and_o confound_v all_o thing_n etc._n etc._n now_o the_o macedonian_a war_n be_v about_o 550_o year_n ab_fw-la v._n c._n and_o the_o other_o about_o 60_o year_n after_o during_o these_o 600_o year_n self-murder_n be_v rare_o practise_v among_o the_o roman_n and_o when_o it_o be_v but_o by_o woman_n only_o or_o person_n of_o no_o note_n or_o those_o who_o be_v infamous_a the_o unhappy_a lucretia_n feronia_n a_o vestal_a find_v with_o child_n appius_n claudius_n in_o the_o case_n of_o virginia_n and_o by_o some_o number_n together_o upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o 36._o the_o plin._n lib._n 36._o slavery_n of_o build_v the_o common_a shore_n under_o one_o of_o the_o tarquin_n and_o upon_o the_o detection_n of_o the_o horrid_a practice_n in_o the_o baccanalia_fw-la 39_o baccanalia_fw-la liv._o lib._n 39_o yet_o in_o this_o period_n of_o time_n live_v the_o most_o virtuous_a man_n man_n of_o the_o clear_a courage_n and_o most_o unspotted_a honour_n that_o ever_o rome_n have_v man_n who_o virtue_n be_v to_o great_a that_o that_o empire_n be_v not_o only_o found_v but_o raise_v upon_o they_o for_o though_o it_o be_v afterward_o that_o it_o overrun_v so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o this_o be_v very_o little_a due_a to_o the_o public_a virtue_n of_o those_o time_n but_o be_v rather_o the_o effect_n of_o that_o motion_n which_o the_o active_a and_o noble_a genius_n of_o this_o age_n give_v it_o and_o which_o be_v so_o vigorous_a that_o neither_o the_o softness_n of_o luxury_n the_o timorousââ¦ss_n of_o ease_n and_o interest_n nor_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o best_a and_o brave_a citizen_n of_o rome_n can_v ãâã_d or_o deaden_a it_o for_o many_o year_n and_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o i_o suppose_v be_v pretend_v but_o that_o some_o particular_a person_n be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o misfortune_n in_o those_o day_n which_o other_o be_v afterward_o though_o the_o nation_n it_o feel_v in_o general_n be_v not_o so_o ãâã_d capitolinus_n regulus_n and_o other_o be_v expose_v to_o barbarous_a and_o disgraceful_a deââ¦ths_n age_n poverty_n loss_n of_o sense_n and_o of_o friend_n extreme_a pain_n or_o whatever_o preââ¦ences_n be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o this_o act_n be_v certain_o as_o common_a then_o as_o ever_o they_o be_v afterward_o yet_o none_o of_o these_o be_v look_v upon_o in_o those_o day_n as_o the_o reasonable_a caââ¦ses_n of_o self-murder_n or_o as_o the_o god_n ãâã_d or_o call_v man_n out_o of_o life_n as_o some_o of_o they_o begin_v to_o talk_v afterward_o 2._o i_o be_o to_o show_v when_o and_o for_o what_o reason_n this_o come_v into_o request_n at_o the_o very_a same_o time_n that_o corruption_n of_o all_o other_o kind_n do_v for_o with_o the_o vice_n of_o greece_n and_o asia_n come_v in_o the_o philosophy_n of_o the_o stoic_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v more_o at_o large_a immediate_o which_o strike_v in_o with_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v very_o convenient_a for_o the_o misery_n and_o cruelty_n of_o succeed_a time_n be_v eager_o receive_v by_o they_o and_o in_o the_o proscription_n of_o marius_n sylla_n cinna_n how_o violent_o do_v it_o begin_v to_o work_v and_o how_o many_o make_v away_o themselves_o i_o do_v not_o doubt_v but_o that_o hannibal_n kill_v himself_o give_v some_o credit_n to_o this_o manner_n of_o die_v as_o cato_n do_v more_o afterward_o but_o what_o be_v particular_o observable_a be_v that_o the_o more_o vicious_a and_o luxurious_a the_o roman_n grow_v the_o more_o be_v they_o incline_v upon_o any_o calamity_n to_o self-murder_n and_o this_o seneca_n himself_o confess_v even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o recommendation_n of_o it_o 24._o it_o epist._n 24._o i_o send_v you_o not_o to_o history_n mean_v for_o example_n of_o it_o consider_v these_o time_n we_o live_v in_o of_o who_o softness_n and_o effeminacy_n we_o complain_v even_o now_o you_o may_v meet_v with_o man_n of_o all_o degree_n in_o all_o circumstance_n of_o all_o age_n that_o have_v cut_v off_o their_o evil_n by_o voluntary_a death_n 3._o as_o for_o what_o the_o most_o considerable_a writer_n among_o the_o roman_n think_v of_o this_o maââ¦ter_n many_o of_o they_o live_v in_o such_o a_o treacherous_a and_o bloody_a age_n as_o that_o of_o ãâã_d caligala_n claudius_n nero_n and_o suffer_v under_o the_o tyranny_n of_o these_o monster_n embrace_v the_o stoic_a philosophy_n as_o the_o ãâã_d support_v of_o their_o misfortune_n and_o withal_o look_v back_o with_o sigh_n and_o wish_n upon_o the_o time_n of_o the_o republic_n honour_v the_o memory_n of_o those_o who_o they_o suppose_v die_v for_o it_o in_o this_o manner_n and_o ãâã_d ãâã_d they_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o no_o man_n have_v ever_o more_o applauââ¦rs_n or_o more_o ãâã_d than_o cato_n and_o this_o make_v most_o of_o the_o writer_n of_o those_o ãâã_d to_o commend_v this_o way_n of_o die_v as_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d lucan_n and_o ãâã_d maximus_n but_o they_o who_o live_v soon_o in_o a_o more_o learned_a and_o ââ¦udicious_a age_n and_o who_o be_v whole_o disengage_v from_o these_o principle_n or_o choose_v out_o of_o they_o what_o be_v real_o good_a without_o think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o embrace_v and_o defend_v every_o thing_n they_o teach_v never_o recommend_v self-murder_n to_o the_o world_n but_o rather_o condemn_v it_o or_o else_o be_v silent_a concern_v it_o cicero_n the_o best_a philosopher_n as_o well_o as_o the_o best_a orator_n be_v positive_o against_o it_o upon_o a_o very_a solemn_a occasion_n as_o i_o have_v show_v at_o large_a 2._o large_a sup._n cap_n 2._o before_o and_o macrobius_n have_v a_o very_a learned_a discourse_n upon_o that_o place_n according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o plotinus_n but_o virgil_n pursue_v it_o to_o the_o next_o world_n and_o appoint_v a_o particular_a place_n of_o punishment_n for_o it_o there_o 6._o there_o proxima_fw-la deinde_fw-la tenent_fw-la ãâã_d ãâã_d qui_fw-la sibi_fw-la ãâã_d insontes_fw-la peperere_fw-la manu_fw-la ãâã_d ãâã_d projicere_fw-la animas_fw-la aen._n lib._n 6._o and_o indeed_o his_o whole_a inimitable_a poem_n be_v against_o it_o for_o if_o the_o destruction_n of_o one_o country_n if_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o best_a friend_n banishment_n shipwreck_n or_o any_o other_o adversity_n be_v a_o reasonable_a cause_n of_o self-murder_n aeneas_n may_v have_v make_v use_n of_o it_o as_o just_o as_o ever_o any_o one_o do_v but_o his_o piety_n and_o his_o courage_n support_v he_o against_o so_o great_a a_o act_n of_o weakness_n and_o injustice_n and_o in_o the_o worst_a extremity_n the_o poet_n furnish_v he_o with_o est_fw-la with_o o_o passi_fw-la gââ¦aviora_fw-la dabit_fw-la deus_fw-la his_fw-la quoque_fw-la sinem_fw-la omnia_fw-la percepi_fw-la atque_fw-la animo_fw-la mecum_fw-la ante_fw-la pââ¦regi_fw-la ouidquid_fw-la erit_fw-la superanda_fw-la omnis_fw-la fortuna_fw-la ferendo_fw-la est_fw-la admirable_a ãâã_d which_o preserve_v the_o hero_n as_o careful_o from_o himself_o as_o from_o his_o enemy_n no_o body_n in_o all_o that_o incomparable_a poem_n be_v bring_v in_o kill_v themselves_o but_o only_o dido_n and_o amata_n two_o unfortunate_a and_o despair_v woman_n and_o when_o he_o pick_v out_o several_a of_o the_o most_o famous_a roman_n to_o do_v honour_n to_o his_o country_n and_o to_o make_v good_a that_o great_a and_o noble_a character_n of_o it_o which_o he_o begin_v at_o those_o excellent_a line_n 6._o line_n aen._n lib._n 6._o excudant_fw-la alij_fw-la etc._n etc._n when_o i_o say_v to_o this_o purpose_n he_o mention_n the_o decci_n drusi_n scipio_n brutus_n camillus_n torquatus_n fabritius_n curius_n cato_n cossus_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v observable_a that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o all_o these_o who_o kill_v himself_o the_o decci_n indeed_o die_v voluntary_o but_o upon_o a_o superstitious_a persuasion_n they_o devote_v themselves_o as_o a_o sacrifice_n for_o their_o country_n safety_n and_o therefore_o come_v not_o within_o the_o present_a argument_n the_o cato_n mention_v here_o be_v the_o elder_a as_o servius_n judicious_o remark_n 6._o remark_n aen._n 6._o to_o who_o also_o as_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o same_o critic_n 35._o critic_n aen._n l._n 8._o ut_fw-la supra_fw-la diximus_fw-la censorium_fw-la signisicat_fw-la non_fw-la uticensem_fw-la servius_n ad_fw-la locum_fw-la though_o montaign_n misapply_v it_o to_o the_o other_o lib._n 1._o chap._n 35._o that_o excellent_a line_n belong_v worth_a all_o pliny_n panegyric_n secretosque_fw-la pios_fw-la his_fw-la dantem_fw-la jura_fw-la catonem_fw-la wherefore_o if_o virgil_n be_v a_o proper_a judge_n who_o be_v