Selected quad for the lemma: judgement_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
judgement_n	colour_n	medicament_n	temperament_n	80	3	16.4398	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57005	A medicinal dispensatory, containing the vvhole body of physick discovering the natures, properties, and vertues of vegetables, minerals, & animals: the manner of compounding medicaments, and the way to administer them. Methodically digested in five books of philosophical and pharmaceutical institutions; three books of physical materials galenical and chymical. Together with a most perfect and absolute pharmacopoea or apothecaries shop. Accommodated with three useful tables. Composed by the illustrious Renodæus, chief physician to the monarch of France; and now Englished and revised, by Richard Tomlinson of London, apothecary.; Dispensatorium medicum. English	Renou, Jean de.; Tomlinson, Richard, Apothecary.	1657 (1657)	Wing R1037A; ESTC R221578	657,240	890

and amend maligne simples many wayes as by fire water and his hand making the good better and weak stronger and of more vertue And there is no composition without election and preparation for a confusion of many simples together is no composition Therefore to elect Medicaments Delectus quid should be an Apothecaryes first duty and imployment which choise is thus defined Election is a separation and distinction of that which is evill from that which good of the noxious from the innoxious and of the maligne from the benigne Benignum Medicamentum quid Malignum Now that is a benigne purging medicament which purges gently and looses the belly calmely as Cassia Manna Tamarinds and Rhabarbe and that is a maligne and unwhole some medicament which purges by a violent traction and disturbes our bodyes by reason of that adverse essence it hath to our natures This malignant medicament is twofold Medicamentum malignum quotuplex the one totally so to wit whose universal genus is violent and unruly of what sort soever it be or whence soever it is taken as Euphorbium Laurel Antimony The other in some species or by accident in some individual of its genus which hath revolted and degenerated from its proper nature as black Agarick black Turbit Colocynth only in the Plant or of one plant in the field Mesue onely in Plants or of the Aple-trees in the field because it is believed to take away all bitternes and malignity of the field and plants But we ought to abstain from both these kinds of malignant purges unlesse in some great affections Quando malignis purgantibus liceat uti in which gentle little or nothing profit for then a skilfull Physician may use malign medicaments duely prepared because even poysons are salutary in some diseases as Vipers flesh to the Leprosy Scorpions flesh to wounds made by themselves made doggs blood to them that are bitten by a mad-dogg whence is that Proverb Those that are wounded by Scorpions seek remedy from the same We must also abstain from benigne purges unlesse they be rightly in a just quantity and seasonably administred and also exhibited to such as they may profit for Hippocrates saith Aphoris 14. lib. 4. Quando à binignis abstinendum that a purging medicament is noxious to them that have their health according to that Matth. 9. The whole need not a Physician CHAP. XVI Whence the Election of purging Medicaments may be taken THe Election of a purging Medicament is made from its essence Essentia medicamenti quid nature and faculties we call the essence of every Medicament that very state which arises from its matter and forme or that all which is seen or consisteth absolutely in a Medicament without any preparation And we call the faculty of a Medicament that very vertue it doth Facultas medicamenti quid or can exercise in our bodies Now the substance first qualities or temperament second qualities ensuing the temper and the disposition externally acquired shew the good or ill essence of a Medicament Substantiae medicamentorum now we understand by the name substance the commoderation and consistency of the matter which flowes from the proportionable mixture of the Elements whence some are said to be heavy or light others dense or rare others grosse or subtill others clammy or friable from which differencies a certain disposition and proper faculty is ingendred whereby we may distinguish betwixt the good and evill in the same genus In the second place Election may be made from the prime qualityes that is from the Temperament Temperamenti quot differentiae of which there are eight different kinds hot cold moist dry which are called simple qualities and as many compound hot and moist hot and dry cold and moist cold and dry to which may be added the mean temperament in which consists the nature of man from which flow divers other temperatures some in one some in two some in three and some in four degrees and therefore the excesse of severall degrees is distinguished Thirdly the Election is taken from the second qualities Secundae qualitates quot differentiis includuntur which especially differ in four kinds for some are tangible others odorable others gustable and others visible audible qualities are omitted because no certain election can be made by them Now those are rangible qualities which can be discerned by the judgment of the touch some whereof are the properties of the Elements to wit in which the first qualities hot cold moist and dry are discerned by the touch others arise from the temperament and are called second qualities by whose means the Medicament is heavy or light hard or soft clammy or friable sharp or smooth as above Fourthly Odor quid Medicaments may be selected from their odour which is a certain vaporous substance proceeding from an odorable matter which brought into the nostrills moves the sence of smelling and there are as many kinds of them as sapors for odors concord with sapours in proportion and for the most part borrow their demonstrations from them yet are not the species of odours so distinct as them of sapours because the sense of smelling in men is very dull hence it is that there are a thousand kinds of odours that want proper names and therfore all odorables are generally distinguished into well smelling and ill smelling things Fiftly the judgement in Election may be guided by the Taste of Medicaments Sapor quid Sapores quet and that more surely than by Odours because there are more distinct species of sapors than of Odours lib. 4. simpl Med. Gal. cap. 21. for sapour is a quality that may be perceived by the sense of Tasting whereof there be nine different species three whereof flow from over-powering calidity in a substance grosse or subtill to wit sharpe bitter salt three from exuperant frigidity sowre austere unpleasant and three from moderate heat pleasant fat unsavory Selectio medicamentorum à dispositione extrinseca the last whereof inclines to frigidity pleasant fat to heat Sixtly Medicaments may be selected by a disposition extrinsecally acquired which arises from the season or place Gal. cap. 2. lib. 4. Mesue addes Magnitude Parvitude and Number for by these the quality of the Medicament is of more or lesse force A certain and universall rule cannot be given concerning the temper and choise of Medicaments by their colour and sound that thereby the benigne may be discerned from the malignant for seeing all benignity and malignity of Medicaments consists in the substance temperament and faculties cold moist hot and dry are found in all colours Neither do the colours themselves shew the temperament of the Medicaments for the colour of a medicament may very easily be changed by some externall accident The judgement also of the benignity malignity of a medicament from its sound is as uncertain as from its colour for there is no universall

or parvity for the virtue of the Earth and Plant is diffused and in many is more remiss but coacted into one Plant or one Fruit more valid Yet many Fruits are commended for their parvitude as Capers and many Seeds for their magnitude as Garthamus CHAP. XXII Of the choyce of purging Medicaments taken from their faculties WE have briefly but clearly shewed how purging Medicaments ought to be selected by a judgement taken from their substance proper temperament second qualities proceeding from their temperament from their disposition extrinsecally acquired from the circumstances of place time number magnitude and parvity it rests that we dispatch briefly what may be spoken as to that choyce which is taken from their purging faculty which though it be helped by the first and second qualities yet saith Mesue its original is celestial and it hath that specifical property whereby the Medicament received into the ventricle and solicited by our heat attracts to it self the humour familiar to its nature as we have noted elsewhere from the veins and passages of our body not perceived by the senses into the belly and then Nature laden with the burthen of the Medicament and the humours attracted prepares a way to excretion either by vomit at the mouth or by dejection at the inferiour parts Whence there are two kinds of purging Medicaments the one a vomiting or ejective Medicament the other dejective which distinction is taken from the manner of excretion or vacuation Now the dejective is more desirable than the ejective because Nature hath alotted the inferiour course to expell Excrements the superiour to receive Aliments Whence it frequently happens that Nature acting spontaneously and provoked by no morbifical cause doth abundantly carry and deject excrementious humours at the inferiour parts and sometimes irritated by the virtue of the Medicament of it self ejective and by the force of the swelling humour 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quomodo purg●ndi it ejects both Medicament and humours by the mouth Whence it comes to pass that ejective are sometimes better than dejective Medicaments especially to those whose first region of the body or upper ventricle is stuffed with much choler which by reason of its levity and the facility of the traction may more easily and sooner be extruded by vomit Hippocrates also commends vomit to them that are slender especially in Summer Because for the most part they are cholerick slender folks saith he Aphor. 6. lib. 4. are prone to vomit and are to be purged upward but take heed in Winter And Aphor. 40. lib. 4 in Summer it is better to purge upwards in Winter downwards for the gross and cold humour collected in Winter is more easily educed by the inferiour parts and therefore the skilfull Physician uses sometimes ejective and sometimes dejective Medicaments as the condition of the swelling humour requires or the nature of the diseased will bear For Galen saith lib. 1. de loc affect That no man should be compelled to vomit unless he be prone to vomit and that consuming men are never to be purged by vomit nor they who have a strait Thorax or narrow passage But if a Vomit be prescribed to whom it is convenient Quae vomitoria seligenda then let it be provoked by those Medicaments which subvert the ventricle without great molestation and not with white Hellebor according to Galens advice lib. quos quando quibus medicam lest any vessel of the breast should break And much less by Antimony whereby crafty beguilers kill many and sometimes themselves as it is to be seen in that admirable Historie in Cornelius Gemma c. 4. lib. 2. pag. 239. linea 14. The same choyce is to be observed in other Purges that we use the more benign analogical to the morbifical humours For we ought to give a choler purging Medicament to the cholerick saith Galen a flegm purging Medicament to the flegmatick and a melancholy purging Medicament to the melancholick otherwise we offend Nature Now there is no blood purging Medicament prescribed either to purge blood by the mouth or fundament because as Galen saith cap. 6. lib. de purg medicam facult that were to jugulate not to purge men Historia notanda Which the Historie of one Thracius a Bithynian Rustick who found a herb which if any one assumed he should first lose his blood then his life Now many dying by this means the Magistrate judging the offence worthy diligent inquisition apprehended the Malefactor who being demanded of whom he had learned this deletory Poyson answered that he learned it of none but as he once carried a Hogs liver to a neighbouring place his belly compelling him he laid the herb down in a place where a certain herb grew while he had eased himself Note which after some respite and interval he took up again and found that all the blood drew towards the herb whence he conjectured that the herb would attract blood from the body and finding it true by experience made upon one he met as he had before imagined he afterwards transferred the herb to evil uses yet he professed he never did shew that herb to any of which there was much in that Countrey Now the Malefactor amongst other his torments that he was to endure was first to have his eyes put out that when he was led along to the place of Execution he should not shew the herb to any Medicaments therefore that draw blood being omitted as poysonous others not analogical to other parts are to be selected but such as respect certain parts by affinity So Physicians prudently prescribe Agarick Staechados Betony to many distempers of the head Manna Cassia to distempers of the stomack and reins Aloes Myrobolanes and Wormwood to purge and corroborate the ventricle Senna Cetrarch to the spleen Hermodactyls and Ground pine to the Arteries Sage and Rosemary to the nerves Yet these simple Medicaments are not so much astringed to those parts but they may be applyed conveniently to others And as many Medicaments as well simple as compound do peculiarly corroborate some certain part by some familiarity and so some on the contrary do manifestly destroy and hurt some parts of the body as the Sea hare the Lungs Cantharides the Liver Hemlock the Brain as it is well observed by Galen cap. 1. lib. 1. compos medic per genera The end of the first Book OF MEDICINALL INSTITUTIONS The second Book In which we shall treat of the preparations of Medicament CHAP. I. Where we shall demonstrate whether some preparation be not required to all Medicines that tend to aliment A Compound Medicament that is united and made up of many simples by Art and Experience before it exists of a convenient consistence requires not a distinct preparation alone but also that vegetable or Medicament which is simple as to its number and such spontaneously and naturally may not be exhibited with successe and not without some detriment to the use of man without some

Feavers Coughs and asperity of the tongue they cure stranguty and ardour they quench thirst if duly assumed Vires and kill and expell Wormes CHAP. XVII Of Jujubs JUjubs which the Greeks call Zizipha and Zinzipha grow in Syria and now in many places in Italy and Narbone upon a small tree like a Whin with hard spinose and spolious surcles mossy flowers its caule is contorted rough and ramous its boughs slender long obsequious but hard and protended like the branches of Broome its leafes hard oblong like them of Periwinkle alternately disposed at long intervalls about which small mossy and pallid flowers do erupt after whose occase oblong carnose tender berryes of the magnitude of Cherryes vested with a membranous and hard cortex do accede Galen calls them Serica These luteous or luteously purpureous sweet carnose vinous fruits of the figure and magnitude of moderate Olives turgid with a stone yellow without when they have attained maturity are gathered dryed contracted into wrinkles and kept We cannot learn from the Greeks and Arabians any thing of their qualities and salubrity for Galen saith they are ill for the stomack they nourish little and are hard of concoction the Arabians accommodate and commend them to many uses and though Fuchsius acerbly insult and speak against these yet Actudrius Graecus Nic. Alexandrinus and many more much celebrate their use having sufficiently experienced their salubrious effects They cure the Cough difficulty of breathing and the asperity of the Artery they concoct and expell humours Vires cure many vices in the Lungs and Breast help the reines and allay the ardour of Urine and dolour of the Bladder CHAP. XVIII Of Figgs THe Figge-Tree germinates every where but in cold Countreys it is either sterile or beares only grosse and uselesse or small and insuave fruits which never attain maturity in hot regions it fruiticates copiously fructifying twice annually in the Spring and Authmne it is a Tree of a moderate magnitude not assurging with a direct caule nor yet a smooth bark but somwhat rough especially when inveterate its wood is white soft and meoullous its leafes ample quinquefariously disterminated quinqueangular rough hard and obscurely green its fruits which are at first small and green afterwards greater and either white or red with a turbinated figure erupt about the exortion of its leafes without any praevious flowers and as some Figgs are more forward and sweeter then others so are some whiter some redder some blacker then others all are soft medullous and gravidated with small graines while they are immature if they be vulnerated with the stalks or ends of leafes they will emitt a lacteous acrimonious and amare humour There is another low Fig-Tree very like the former excepting procerity which growes in a prique places and somtimes in Septentrionall regions Another wild and infaecund one responds to these in effigies which is celebrated for no medicinall use There is also an Indian Fig-Tree which some think is that same that Pliny calls Opuntia which is a Plant without boughs without Caules consisting onely of leafes which hath not yet been experienced in medicinall uses The best Figges come from Massilia which may be substituted in defect of Dactyls Vires they calefy moderately nourish lubricate the belly but do not generate very laudable blood they attenuate leviate maturefy concoct and profit the asper artery the reins Lungs and Bladder a dry Figge is called Carica by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by which word Matthiolus designes Apias Figg-Tree leafes move baemorrhoids if the Fundament be rubbed therewith the so much celebrated Antidote Mythridate is made of Figgs Rue and Nutts whose composition we have described in the History of Rue Figgs are of much more utility which for brevity sake I will not recenseate See Dioscorides C. 183. and 184. Lib. 1. CHAP. XIX Of Dactyls or Dates DActyls are the fruits of Palmes growing in Aegypt Crete and Judaea which attaining maturity are by Galen called Phaenicobalani the best come from Judaea they are great flave somwhat rugous soft but carnous subdure within white towards the Kernell red towards the cortex of a vinous sapour they sound little or nothing when concussed the flaccid hard and macilent are worse Now there is no small difference in Palmes Galen himself being Judge for some are dry and astrictive as the Aegyptian ones others soft humid and sweet as those we call Chariotae but the best grow in Syria Palestine and many Eastern regions where they suppeditate both meat and drink to the incolists The Trunk of a Palme is crasse round and high rough with dense and gradate notches by the adjument of whose inaequality the orientall incolists can easily ascend their summityes its leafes are Arundinaceous long and acuminated many proceeding out of one exortion according to the longitude of the boughs it beares much fruit on its summity as it were racemously cohaereing but their pedicles are more prolix whereof there are many sorts but the sweet and succulent ones such as grow in Judaea Syria and Palestine are best they are of a yellow or luteous colour neither great nor yet small the green insuave and juicelesse are naught Galen's judgement of the qualityes of the Palme and its fruits is this All the parts of the Palme-Tree saith he participate of an astrictive faculty for the austere succe of its boughs consists of an aqueous tepid terrene and frigid substance But it s sweet fruits have much of calidity they profit the stomack and breast Vires suggest laudable nutriment and are meat for many Nations CHAP. XX. Of Olives THat Olives and their fat juice called oyle appertain to esculents each one knowes for Olives nobilitate rich mens Tables to excite appetite and their oyle is usurped not only in confecting acetaryes frying fishes and praepareing other meats but also in confecting unguents and salves Now Olives are the fruit of a Tree of a moderate magnitude which the French call Olivetum the Latines Olea which especially the sative assurges with a long Caule for the wild one is lower with many oblong boughs laterally diffused hard and pallidly virid like willow boughs with white racemous flowers whereunto oblong carnous succulent berryes called Olives at first green after black with hard stones within succeed the fruit derives its name from the Tree and the succe from the fruit This Tree delights in dry places and hot regions as in Spain Italy and France for it willingly amplects a hot squalid air it either growes not at all or else is sterile and tabid in the Septentrionall regions The Greeks call Olives drawing to maturity and blacknesse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the French Drupae when they are condited with salt the Greeks call them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 oyle simply so called is extracted from them when they are mature Omphacinum when immature but let herbalists be sought for larger treatises hereabout Immature Olives are