Selected quad for the lemma: judgement_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
judgement_n	authority_n	church_n	particular_a	1,635	5	6.7687	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A28873	The life of St. Francis Xavier, of the Society of Jesus, apostle of the Indies, and of Japan written in French by Father Dominick Bohours, of the same Society ; translated into English by Mr. Dryden.; Vie de Saint François Xavier de la Campagnie de Jesus, apostre des Indes et du Japon. English	Bouhours, Dominique, 1628-1702.; Dryden, John, 1631-1700.	1688 (1688)	Wing B3825; ESTC R15455	341,142	791

of that Order whose institution was for the preaching of the Gospel A devout Virgin whose name was Isabella Casalini seeing him at the Altar judg'd him to be a Man of God. And was led by some interiour motion to speak to this Stranger Priest when his Mass was ended She was so much edify'd and so satisfy'd with the discourse of Xavier that she immediately inform'd her Uncle at whose House she lodg'd of this treasure which she had discover'd Ierome Casalini who was a very considerable Clergy-man both in regard of his noble Blood and of his Vertue went in search of this Spanish Priest upon the account which was given of him by his Niece And having found him at the Hospital he importun'd him so much to take a Lodging in his House that Xavier cou'd not in Civility refuse him But the Holy Man wou'd never accept of his Table of whose House he had accepted He begg'd his Bread from Door to Door according to his usual custome and liv'd on nothing but the Alms which was given him in the Town Every day after having celebrated the Divine Mysteries in St. Luc●e's Church of which Casalini was Curate he there heard the Confessions of such as presented themselves before him After which he visited the Prisons and the Hospitals Catechiz'd the Children and Preach'd to the People 'T is true he spoke but very ill and his Language was only a kind of Lingua franca a confus'd medley of Italian French and Spanish But he pronounc'd it with so much vehemenco and the matter of his Sermons was so solid that his ill accent and his improper Phrases were past by His Audience attended to him as to a Man descended from above and his Sermon being ended came to cast themselves at his Feet and make Confession These continual labours during a very sharp Winter threw him into a relapse of sickness much more dangerous than the former as it were to verify the Prediction of St. Ierome for he was seiz'd with a Quartan Ague which was both malignant and obstinate insomuch that it cast him into an extreme faintness and made him as meagre as a Skeleton In the mean time lean and languishing a● he was he ceas'd not to crawl to th● publick places and excite Passengers to Repentance When his Voice ●ail'd him his wan and mortify'd Face the very picture of Death seem'd to speak for him and his presence alone had admirable effects Ierome Casalini profited so well by the Instructions and Example of the holy Man that he arriv'd in a short space to a high degree of Holiness The greater knowledge he had of him he the more admir'd him as he himself related And it is from this vertuous Church-man chiefly that we have this account of Xavier that having labour'd all the day he pass'd the Night in Prayer that on Friday saying the Mass of the Passion he melted into Tears and was often ra●ish'd in his Soul that he spoke but seldome but that all his words were full of sound Reason and heavenly Grace While Xavier was thus employing his Labours at Bolognia he was recall'd to Rome by Father Ignatius who had already presented himself before the Pope and offer'd him the Service both of himself and his Companions Pope Paul the Third accepted the good Will of these new Labourers enjoining them to begin their Work in Rome and preach under the Authority of the Holy See. The principal Churches were assign'd them and that of St. Laurence in Damaso was allotted to Xavier Being now freed from his Quartan Ague and his strength being again restor'd he preach'd with more vigour and vehemence than ever Death the last Judgment and the pains of Hell were the common Subject of his Sermons He propos'd those terrible truths after a plain manner but withal so movingly that the People who came in Crowds to hear him preach departed out of the Church in a profound silence and thought less of giving Praises to the Preacher than of Converting their own Souls to God. The Famine which laid waste the City of Rome at that time gave opportunity to the ten Stranger-Priests to relieve an infinite number of miserable People oppress'd with want and unregarded Xavier was ardent above the rest to find them places of accommodation and to procure Alms for their Subsistance He bore them even upon his Shoulders to the places which were provided for them and attended them with all imaginable care In the mean time Iames Govea a Portuguese who had been acquainted with Ignatius Xavier and Le Fevre at Paris and who was Principal of the Colledge of Saint Barbe when they liv'd together there being come to Rome on some important business for which he was sent thither by Iohn the Third King of Portugal and seeing the wonderful effects of their Ministry wrote to the King as he had formerly done from Paris on the Reports which were spread of them that such Men as these Knowing Humble Charitable inflam'd with Zeal inde●atigable in Labour lovers of the Cross and who aim'd at nothing but the Honour of Almighty God were fit to be employ'd in the East-Indies to plant and propagate the Faith. He adjoin'd That if his Majesty were desirous of these excellent Men he had only to ask them from the Pope who had the absolute disposition of them Iohn the Third the most Religious Prince then living wrote thereupon to his Embassadour Don Pedro Mascaregnas and order'd him to obtain from his Holiness ●ix at least of those Apostolick Men which had been commended to him by Govea The Pope having heard the Proposition of Mascaregnas remitted the whole business to Father Ignatius for whom he had already a great consideration and who had lately presented to his Holiness the model of the new Order which he and his Companions were desirous to establish Ignatius who had propos'd to himself no less a design than the Reformation of the vvhole World and who savv the urgent necessities of Europe infected vvith Heresie on every side return'd this ansvver to Mascaregnas that of ten which vvas their vvhole number he cou'd spare him at the most but tvvo persons The Pope approv'd this ansvver and order'd Ignatius to make the choice himself Thereupon Ignatius nam'd Simon Rodriguez a Portuguese and Nicholas Bobadilla a Spaniard The first of these was at that time employ'd at Sienna and the other in the Kingdom of Naples as they had been Commissioned by the Holy-Father Though Rodriguez vvas languishing under a Quartan Ague when he was recall'd from Sienna yet he fail'd not to obey the Summons and shortly after embarking on a Ship of Lisbonne vvhich vvent off from Civita Vecchia carried with him Paul de Camerin vvho some month before had joyn'd himself to their Society As for Bobadilla he vvas no sooner come to Rome than he fell Sick of a continued Feaver and it may be said that h●● Distemper was the hand of Heaven vvhich had ordain'd another in his

himself to be directed in all things by him The Servant of God instructed him in the Principles of Faith of which his Friends the Portuguese had already given him some knowledge as 〈◊〉 as men of their Profession were capable of teaching him But to the end his Conversion might be more solid he thought it convenient to send him and his Servants to the Seminary of Go● there to be more fully taught the truths and practice of Christianity before their Baptism The Father had yet a further purpose in it that these first fruits of Iaponian Christianity shou'd be con●ecrated to God by the Bishop Don Iohn d'Albuquerque in the Capital City of the Indies Since in his Voyage to Goa he was to visit the Fishing Coast he wou'd not take the three Iaponians with him and gave the care of conducting them to Georg ' Alvarez He only wrote by them to the Rector of the Colledge of St. Paul giving him Orders to instruct them with all diligence He put on board the ship of another Portuguese call'd Gonsalvo Fernandez twenty or thirty young men whom he had brought from the Molucca's in order to their Studies in the same Colledge After which himself imbark'd in another Vessel which went directly for Cochin In passing the Streight of Ceylan the Ship which carried Xavier was overtaken with the most horrible Tempest which was ever seen They were constrain'd at the very beginning of it to cast over-board all their Merchandise and the winds roar'd with so much violence that the Pilot not being able to hold the Rudder abandon'd the Vessel to the fury of the Waves For three days and nights together they had death continually present before their eyes and nothing reassur'd the Mariners but the serene countenance of Father Xavier amidst the cries and tumults in the Ship. After he had heard their Confessions implor'd the help of Heaven and exhorted all of them to receive with an equal mind either life or death from the hand of God he retir'd into his Cabin Francis Pereyra looking for the man of God in the midst of the Tempest to have comfort from him found him on his knees before his Crucifix wholly taken up and lost to all things but to God. The Ship driven along by an impetuous current already struck against the Sands of Ceylan and the Mariners gave themselves for lost without hope of recovery when the Father coming out of his Cabin ask'd the Pilot for the Line and Plummet with which he was accustom'd to fathom the Sea having taken them and let them down to the bottom of the Ocean he pronounc'd these words Great God Father Son and Holy Ghost have mercy on us At the same moment the Vessel stop'd and the Wind ceas'd After which they pursu'd their Voyage and happily arriv'd at the Port of Cochin on the 21st of Ianuary 1548. There the Father gave himself the leisure of writing divers Letters into Europe by a Vessel of Lisbon which was just in a readiness to set sail The first was to the King of Portugal Iohn the third the Letter was full of prudent Counsels concerning the duties of a King he advertis'd him a-new that his Majesty shou'd be guilty before God of the evil Government of his Ministers and that one day an account must be given of the Salvation of those Souls which he had suffer'd to perish through neglect of application or want of constancy in his endeavours But he did it with all manner of precaution and soften'd his expressions with Christian Charity I Have long deliberated said he whether I shou'd certify your Majesty of the Transactions of your Officers in the Indies and what ought farther to be done for the establishment of our Faith. On the one side the Zeal of God's service and his glory encourag'd me to write to you on the other I was diverted from that resolution by the fear I had of writing to no purpose But at the same time I concluded that I cou'd not be silent without betraying my Ministerial Function and it also seem'd to me that God gave me not those thoughts without some particular design which probably was that I might communicate them to your Majesty and this Opinion as the more likely has at length prevail'd with me Nevertheless I always fear'd that if I shou'd freely give you all my thoughts my Letter wou'd only serve for Evidence against you at the hour of your death and wou'd augment against your Majesty the rigour of the last Iudgement by taking from you the excuse of ignorance These considerations gave me great anxieties and your Majesty will easily believe me For in fine my heart will answer for me that I desire not to employ all my strength or even my life it self for the Conversion of the Indians out of any other prospect than to free your Majesties Conscience as much as in me lies and to render the last Iudgement less terrible to you I do in this but that which is my duty and the particular affection which you bear our Society well deserves that I shou'd sacrifice my self for you After he had inform'd his Majesty how much the jealousies and secret divisions of his Officers had hinder'd the Progress of the Gospel he declares that he cou'd wish the King wou'd bind himself by a solemn Oath to punish severely whosoever they shou'd be who shou'd occasion any prejudice to the farther propagation of Faith in the Indies And farther assur'd him that if such who had the authority in their hands were made sensible that their faults shou'd not escape punishment the whole Isle of Ceylan all Cape Comorine and many Kings of Malabar wou'd receive Baptism in the space of one year that as many as were living in all the extent of the Indies wou'd acknowledge the Divinity of Iesus Christ and make profession of his Doctrine if those Ministers of State who had neglected the interests of the Faith had been depriv'd of their Dignities and their Revenues After this he Petitions the King to send him a supply of Preachers and those Preachers to be of the Society as judging them more proper than any others for the new world I beg and adjure your Majesty says he by the love you bear to our blessed Lord and by the real wherewith you burn for the Glory of the Divine Majesty to send next year some Preachers of our Society to your faithful Subjects of the Indies For I assure you that your Fortresses are in extream want of such supplies both in reference to the Portugueses who are there in Garrison and to the new Christians establish'd in the Towns and Villages depending on them I speak by experience and that which I have seen with my own eyes obliges me to write concerning it Being at Malacca and at the Molucca's I Preach'd every Sunday and all Saints days twice and was forc'd upon it because I saw the Souldiers and People had great need of being frequently

of Bungo a young Prince valiant of his person and born for great Atchievements Immediately they sent a solemn Embassie to that Prince and presented to him the Crown of Amanguchi The Court of Bungo celebrated the Election of the new King with great magnificence while Xavier was yet residing at Fucheo The Saint himself rejoyc'd the more at this promotion because he look'd on this wonderful revolution which was projected by the Bonza ● for the ruine of Christianity as that which most probably wou'd confirm it He was not deceiv'd in his conjectures and from the beginning had a kind of assurance that this turn of State wou'd conduce to the advantage of the Faith. For having desir'd the King of Bungo that he wou'd recommend to the Prince his Brother the estate of Christianity in Amanguchi the King perform'd so fully that request that the new Monarch promis'd on his Royal word to be altogether as favourable to the Christians as the King his Brother Xavier had been forty days at Fucheo when the Portuguese Merchants were in a readiness to set fail for China according to the measures which they had taken All necessary preparations being made he accompany'd them to take his leave of the King of Bungo That Prince told the Merchants that he envy'd them the Company of the Saint that in losing him he seem'd to have lost his Father and that the thought of never seeing him again most sensibly afflicted him Xavier kiss'd his hand with a profound reverence and told him that he wou'd return to wait on his Majesty as soon as pos●●bly he cou'd that he wou'd keep him inviolably in his heart and that in acknowledgement of all his favours he shou'd continually send up his Prayers to Heaven that God wou'd shower on him his coelestial blessings The King having taken him aside as to say something in private to him Xavier laid hold on that opportunity and gave him most important counsel for the Salvation of his Soul. He advis'd him above all things to bear in mind how soon the greatness and pomp of this present life will vanish away that life is but short in its own nature that we scarcely have begun to live before death comes on and if he shou'd not dye a Christian nothing less was to be expected than eternal misery That on the contrary whoever being truly faithful shou'd persevere in the grace of Baptism shou'd have right to an everlasting inheritance with the Son of God as one of his beloved Children He desir'd him also to consider what was become of so many Kings and Emperours of Iapan what advantage was it to them to have sate upon the Throne and wallow'd in pleasures for so many years being now burning in an Abysse of Fire which was to last to all Eternity What madness was it for a man to condemn his own Soul to endless punishments that his body might enjoy a momentary satisfaction That there was no Kingdom nor Empire though the Universal Monarchy of the World shou'd be put into the ballance whose loss was not to be accounted gain if losing them we acquir'd an immortal Crown in Heaven That These truths which were indisputable had been conceal'd from his forefathers and even from all the Iaponians by the secret judgement of Almighty God and for the punishment of their offences That for his own particular he ought to provide for that account which he was to render of himself how much more guilty wou'd he appear in Gods presence if the Divine ●●●●vidence having conducted from the ends of the Earth even into his own Palace a Minister of the Gospel to discover to him the paths of happiness he shou'd yet continue wilder'd and wandring in the disorders of his life Which the Lord avert continu'd Xavier and may it please him to hear the Prayers which day and night I shall pour out for your Conversion I wish it with an unimaginable ardour and assure you that wheresoever I shall be the most pleasing news which can be told me shall be to hear that the King of Bungo is become a Christian and that he lives according to the Maxims of Christianity This discourse made such impressions on the King and so melted into his heart that the tears came thrice into his eyes but those tears were the only product of it at that time so much that Prince who had renounc'd those impurities which are abhor'd by Nature was still fasten'd to some other sensual pleasures And it was not 'till after some succeeding years that having made more serious reflections on the wholesome admonitions of the Saint he reform'd his life for altogether and in the end receiv'd Baptism Xavier having taken leave of the King return'd to the Port of Figen accompany'd by the Merchants who were to set sail within few days after The departure of the Saint was joyful to the Bonza's but the glory of it was a great abatement to their pleasure It appear'd to them that all the honours he had receiv'd redounded to their shame and that after such an affront they shou'd remain eternally blasted in the opinion of the People if they did not wipe it out with some memorable vengeance Being met together to consult on a business which so nearly touch'd them they concluded that their best expedient was to raise a Rebellion in Fucheo as they had done at Amanguchi and flesh the People by giving up to them the Ship of the Portuguese Merchants first to be plunder'd then burnt and the Proprietors themselves to be destroy'd In consequence of this if fortune favour'd them to attempt the Person of the King and having dispatch'd him to conclude their work by extinguishing the Royal Line As Xavier was held in veneration in the Town even amongst the most dissolute Idolaters they were of opinion they did nothing if they did not ruine his reputation and make him odious to the people Thereupon they set themselves at work to publish not only what the Bonza's of Amanguchi had written of him but what they themselves had newly invented That he was the most wicked of Mankind an Enemy to the living and the dead his practice being to dig up the Carcasses of the buried for the use of his Enchantments and that he had a Devil in his Mouth by whose assistance he charm'd his Audience They added That he had spell'd the King and from thence proceeded these new vagaries in his Vnderstanding and all his Inclinations but that in case he came not out of that fit of madness it shou'd cost him no less than his Crown and Life That Amida and Xaca two powerful and formidable Gods had sworn to make an Example of him and of his Subjects that therefore the people if they were wise shou'd prevent betimes the wrath of those offended Deiti●s by revenging their Honour on that Impostour of a Bonza and these European Pirates who made their Idol of him The people were too well perswaded of the

shall put us in possession of an eternal happiness So that we are resolv'd to Preach the truth amongst them in despight of all their threatnings and encourag'd by the hopes of Divine assistance obe● the precept of our Saviour who commands us to preserr the Salvation of others above our lives In the most hazardous undertakings he hop'd all things from God and from thence drew his assurance of daring all things Behold what he says himself concerning his Voyage of Iapan We set out full of confidence in God and hope that having him for our Conductor we shall Triumph over all his Enemies As to what remains we fear not to enter into the lists with the Doctors of Iapan for what available knowledge can they have who are ignorant of the only true God and of his only Son our Lord Jesus and besides what can we justly apprehend who have no other aim than the Glory of God and Jesus Christ the Preaching of the Gospel and the Salvation of Souls supposing that we were not only in a Kingdom of Barbarians but in the very Dominion of Devils and that naked and disarm'd neither the most cruel barbarity nor the rage of Hell cou'd hurt us without God's permission We are afraid of nothing but ossending God Almighty and provided that we ossend not him we promise our selves through his assistance an assur'd Victory over all our Enemies Since he a●●ords sufficient strength to every man for his service and for avoiding sin we hope his mercy will not be wanting to us But as the sum of all consists in the good or evil use of his benefits we also hope he will give us grace to employ our selves for his glory by the prayers of his Spouse and our holy Mother the Church and particularly by the intercession of our Society and those who are well affected to it Our greatest comfort proceeds from this that God beholds the scope of this our Voyage that our only aim is to make known the Creatour of the Universe to Souls which are made after his own Image to bring those Souls to give him the Worship due to him and to spread the Christian Religion through all Regions With these encouragements we doubt not but the issue of our Voyage will be prosperous and two things especially seem to assure us that we shall vanquish all the opposition of Hell the one is the greatness of our holy enterprise the other is the care of Divine Providence whose Dominion is of no less extent over Devils than over men I acknowledge that in this Voyage I foresee not only great labours but also dangers of almost inevitable death and this imagination is frequently presented to my thoughts that if those of our Society who are endu'd with the greatest stock of knowledge shou'd come into the Indies they wou'd certainly accuse us of too much rashness and wou'd be apt to think that in exposing our selves to these manifest dangers we tempted God. Nevertheless upon a more serious reflection I cease to fear and hope that the Spirit of our Lord which animates our Society will regulate their judgements concerning it For my own particular I think continually on what I have heard our good Father Ignati●s often say that those of our Society ought to exert their utmost force in vanquishing themselves and banish from them all those fears which usually hinder us from placing our whole confidence in God. For though Divine hope is purely and simply the grace of God and that he dispenses it according to his pleasure nevertheless they who endeavour to overcome themselves receive it more frequently than others As there is a manifest difference betwixt those who abounding with all things trust in God and those who being sufficiently provided with all necessaries yet bereave themselves of them in imitation of Iesus Christ so is there also in those who trust in Gods providence when they are out of danger and those who with the assistance of his grace dare voluntarily expose themselves to the greatest hazards which are in their proper choice and power to shun It was in the Spirit of this holy confidence that the Saint writing to Simon Rodriguez speaks in this manner to him Our God holds in his hand the Tempests which infest the Seas of China and Japan the Rocks the Gulphs and Banks of Sands which are formidably known by so many Shipwracks are all of them under his Dominion He is Soveraign over all those Pyrates which cruise the Seas and exercise their cruelties on the Portugueses And for this reason I cannot fear them I only fear lest God should punish me for being too pusillanimous in his service and so little capable through my own frailty of extending the Kingdom of his Son amongst those Nations who know him not He speaks in the same Spirit to the Fathers of Goa in giving them an account of his arrival at Iapan We are infinitely oblig'd to God for permitting us to enter into these Barbarous Countries where we are to be regardless and in a manner forgetful of our selves for the Enemies of the true Religion being Masters every where on whom can we rely but on God alone and to whom can we have recourse besides him In our Countries where the Christian Faith is flourishing it happens I know not how that every thing hinders us from reposing our selves on God The love of our Relations the Bonds of Friendship the Conveniences of life and the Remedies which we use in sickness but here being distant from the place of our Nativity and living amongst Barbarians where all humane succou●s are wanting to us 't is of absolute necessity that our confidence in God alone shou'd be our aid But the Saint perhaps never discours'd better on this Subject than in a Letter written at his return from the Molucca's after a dangerous Navigation His words are these It has pleas'd God that we shou'd not perish it has also pleas'd him to instruct us even by our dangers and to make us know by our own experience how weak we are when we rely only on our selves or on humane succours For when we come to understand the deceitfulness of our hopes and are intirely diffident of humane helps we rely on God who alone can deliver us out of those dangers into which we have ingag'd our selves on his account we shall soon experiment that he governs all things and that the heavenly pleasure● which he confers on his Servants on such occasions ought to make us despise the greatest hazards even death it se●f has nothing in it which is dreadful to them who have a ●ast of those divine delights and though when we have escap'd those perils of which we speak we want words to express the horrour of them there remains in our heart a pleasing memory of the favours which God has done us and that remembrance excites us day and night to labour in the service of so good a Master we are also enliven'd by it to