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A42276 An history of the late warres and other state affaires of the best part of Christendom beginning with the King of Swethlands entrance into Germany, and continuing in the yeare 1640 / written in Italian by the Count Galliazzo Gualdo Priorato and in English by the Right Honourable Henry Earle of Monmouth.; Historia delle guerre di Ferdinando II, e Ferdinando III imperatori, e del rè Filippo IV di Spagna, contro Gostavo Adolfo, rè di Suetia, e Luigi XIII rè di Francia. English Gualdo Priorato, Galeazzo, conte, 1606-1678.; Monmouth, Henry Carey, Earl of, 1596-1661. 1648 (1648) Wing G2167; ESTC R15163 532,651 508

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ways wrought upon by these the Spaniards fetches but answering their Civilities with as much courtesie thanked his Majestie for the honours he had received and took his leave of the Court the King having notwithstanding declared him to be his General of his Navy at Sea that by that title he might keep him as a servant to that Crown The Duke came by gally to Genoa to the great contentment of his Subjects who by his absence and because of the report that hee was to change his State for Sardinia were much sadded And his Councell not thinking it fit for him to deny the raising of 2000. men out of his Dukedome to the King of Spaine who had shown so much affection to his Highness it was concluded it should be done that he might thereby witness his gratitude to his Majesty of Spain for the honours he had received from him yet were not the Spaniards suffered to carry away full 2000. men for that the reason of State shews that Principalities may be termed poor which are poore in Subjects The French all this time continued their siege of Fonterabbia which as it made much for their affaires so was it very prejudiciall to the Spaniards since great consequences arising from the loss of this place all the neighboring parts would have run hazard of falling under the dominion of the French Therefore the Admirall of Castile with an army that he had got together prepared to assail the enemies Camp The which he did on the 7. of September and obteyned his ends For the French who were before the Town being much lessened in their numbers and who were desirous to tarry no longer where they suffered so much did not behave themselves according to their accustomed valour And though the Prince of Conde and other chief Commanders behaved themselves with such courage as becomes men that are ambitious of glory and did endeavour to withstand the Spanyards yet were they not able to doe it for the souldiers villified rather with their being there inclosed then by their enemies valour were so confused and fought so coldly as they were fain to raise the siege which was joyfull news to the Spaniards and as unpleasing to the French and in particular to the King who not thinking that Conde had behaved himselfe answerable to the expectation that was had of him the Prince began to be ill thought of at Court though when the businesse was maturely scand those lost their first impressions who immediately surprized at the appearance of evill stop their eares and will not let in truth But if the French were sad for their no better successe before Fonterabbia the Dolphins birth which was on the fifth of September caused such joy among them and gave such generall contentment throughout all France as they every where exprest such Jubilies and rejoycings as it very well became them to do for so great a blessing from God They who by reason of their Queenes barrennesse for the space of 22. years had given over all hopes of seeing any Issue by their King and who therefore much feared the mischief that might befall the Crown by change of Successor in an instant cleared up their countenances and were greatly consolated at this so great mercy from Heaven The King being piously given threw himselfe upon his knees before a Crucifix humbly returned thanks and acknowledgments to God Almighty for his so great goodnesse towards him The Duke of Orleans who till now was in nature of the Kings Eldest Son next heir unto the Crown came in all hast and with great respect unto the King and humbly acknowledging the Dolphin beg'd of his Majestie that as he had hitherto held him for his son his Majesty would now love him as his Cadet The King taking him up in his armes and imbracing him witnessed his neernesse of blood and the tendernesse of his affection All France was full of jollity as they expressed by their voyces gestures and actions bon-fires abounded every where In briefe as Marriners are comforted by the change of a crosse winde into a favourable gale so did this sterrility being turned to fruitfulnesse make the French rejoyce wherein such as depended on them did share but their enemies were hereat displeased The Count Palatine of Rhene whom my Author must give me leave to call Prince Elector had at this time what with 4000. Foot from England and other forces which by moneyes from the King of England he had raised Collonel Kings men being likewise therein comprehended who was Serjeant Major Generall of the Sweedish army and who had orders to joyne with the Prince Elector about Munster got together a body of men amounting to about 10000. wherewith he was advised by his Captaints friends to joyn with Melander Generall of the Hassian Forces which after the Lansgraves death continued still in service of the Crowne of Swethland that so during the Emperours being held in play by the Sweeds French he might by way of arms enter into the Palatinate and recover that which being so oft put for and desired of the Emperour was still denyed or at least fruitlesly deferr'd But before their undertaking any greater business 't was adjudged fit by men of understanding not to leave any Towns behind their backs which were possest by those of the League since thereby they might easily bring the Imperiallists to great scarcity of victuals if their Army should unadvisedly engage it selfe The Prince Elector therefore by the disbursment of some moneyes got Asnapruch and Mindell to be assigned over to him by the said King to the end he might have places to retreat unto when hee should lye with his army in the fields in those Provinces so as it seemed hee began to proceed on fortunately in those parts But Azfelt being solicited from Vienna to have an eye to the proceedings of these new Forces and the rather for that the Elector of Mens and other Ecclesiasticall Princes had very earnestly desired and accompanied these their desires with protestations that the War might not be suffered to be made upon their Territories hee came thither made towards these new souldiers with about 8000. good men drawn out of Garrisons whose places he supplyed with new men taken out of the Arch-bishopricke of Cullen The Prince Elector being therefore brought to great scarcity of victuals and not able to endure that his men should perish as they daily did through discommodiousness which was very prejudicial to the English who taken from the commodiousness of their own country are usually at their first entrance more sensible of sufferings in the field then are other Nations resolved to fight whereunto he was also inticed by his Captains who troubled that they should find their hopes fail them desired rather to hazard their lives in atchieving an honourable victory then poorely to die through sufferings Both the armies joyned therefore together in battle betweene the Vesser and the County of Osnapruch on the
and his demonstration of affection to his faithfull servants were so many Trumpets to invite unto his service even those that lived most remote from him Ferdinand was so very good and requisite in the government as that his people they wonderfully loved him out of meere gratitude His government was without contempt his greatnesse without excesse his glory void of ambition he bestowed what was gotten by his Armies in adding greater splendor and glory to the worship of the Church in rewarding such as deserved well and in the relieving of his vassals His Conscience could not tolerate the unseemlinesse of Heresie hee detested ingratitude and his naturall magnificency liked nor the vulgarity of custome In briefe good men lamented his death the Souldier bewailed ●is losse the Church-men were afflicted at this misfortune and the people thought that by his departing the Heavens lost their serenity and the Earth its fruitfulnesse Hee left two Sonnes Ferdinand King of the Romans Leopald Arch-Duke of Austria and two Daughters Anna Maria married to Maximilian Duke of Bavaria and Cicely married to Vladislaus King of Poland The Duke of Rohan kept still in the Valteline greatly desiring orders from his Majesty of France to leave those Mountaines and so attempt somewhat of new upon the State of Milan wherein hee ●oped to doe some good service if the King would give him leave to march with his Forces into those parts for having with him a good strength of old and experienced Foot and excellent Horse he feared not that his Enemies though more in number then hee and who dreaded his name could doe any thing to the prejudice of his warinesse or his Souldies valour But it was feared in the Court of France that if Rohan should leave the Valteline the Grisons who seemed already weary of the French-mens company whose friendship they found to be nothing else but a subjection since that valley which was first taken from them by the Spaniards was now held by the French might easily drive them out and attempt somewhat of new upon those that should remaine there it was not therefore intended that he should depart from thence Others notwithstanding who had an inckling of the Grisons intentions and knowing likewise how disadvantagious it would be for the Forces of France if they should lose those Countries and the friendship of those people who had already sufficient ad●●●tages in Italy and considering that the Grisons could upon the sounding of a bell assemble together 16000 armed Foot stout men and well experienced and jealous of their liberty so as they might easily have forced the French to give them satisfaction or have driven them out of their Country by which meanes the Spaniards would become the stronger in the State of Milan They therefore by forceable arguments advised that the Grisons might have good words given them that their anger might be allaid by Mony and that by departure they might be freed of the conceipt that his Majesty intended any thing else save their liberty and that affording Mony for the maintenance of Garrisons of their owne Nation and of Swissers in such Forts and places as were convenient they might consequently be maintained in their liberty and good correspondency might be held with them and by giving that which they could not keep they should keep them from joyning with the Spaniards and Rohan entring into the State of Milan with his men and Duke Crequi doing the like on the other side they might bring their busines to good effect And when they should prosper in their designes of taking Milan from the Spaniard they might the more freely afterwards throw off their counterfeit Maske with the which wisemen upon occasion ought to cover their actions But as the felicitie of Princes doth by hopes and confidence puzle the fore-sight of the wisely advised these reasons were over-borne by other reasons For those who were of a contrary opinion and who did not believe that Rohan ought to be sent thither as one who was acceptable to the Nation nor that those ought not to be trusted who pretending to governe themselves onely according to their owne interest would as willingly have applyed their mind to the Spanish Pistolls as to the French Crownes And they further added That it being hoped that the State of Venice would at last declare themselves for their King it would be a most considerable point to perfect the enterprise of the State of Milan That the Grisons would never dare to undertake so dangerous a busines against Rohan not only a wel-wisher of theirs but which imports much in great esteem and much feared by every one having the strong holds in his possession and upon such an occasion likely to be assisted by the Venetians who had many Souldiers upon those Confines And it was thought they would not suffer the French to be driven from thence because if the Spaniards should get footing there they should be debarr'd those passages and the Spaniards would grow the greater But thoughts which are built upon bare opinion and raysed onely upon hopes not being established upon the interest of others were of no validitie for the Grison Captaines and Colonells laying claime to much money and others who were destined to have the government claiming the restitution of the Valteline according to promise they mutined and betaking themselves to Armes throughout all Rhetia they secured the Duke of Rohan in the Fort of Maynfelt and behaved themselves so as the French to escape being buried in those Valleyes were inforced to forsake them and to returne to their owne Kings Dominions and thus was this Valley freed in the moneth of March and the Grisons Garrisons entred thereinto and recovered their libertie which was not in their power to doe whilst it leaned upon the protection of France All feares and jealousies caused in the Spaniards by the Armes of France under the command of Rohan seemed to cease and Rohan not being able to escape from Coira whither he was brought from Maynfelt as an hostage there to remaine untill such time as his men were gone out of Rhetia to his great griefe failed in a designe he had by intelligence with a great friend of his one Colonell Smith of Zurick who was then keeper of the said Castle in the behalfe of the Switzers with whom he had secretly wrought that the said Fort should be kept for the French party by which means he might easily again re-enter into Rhetia revenge himself for the injuries he had received by means of Waymers Army which was not farre from the Grisons though the Fort were in the Grisons power and the French already past over the Rhyn The passage of the Valteline being thus freed by which way the Dutch might with most ease passe to the succour of the State of Milan which till then the French had gaine-said The Spainsh Forces were dis-ingaged which were kept there to wait upon the French and might to their great advantage be