Arnhem Answer They hold that Independency is a beginning of Christs temporall Kingdome here on earth that within five years but these are already expired Christ was to come in the flesh and with an iron sword to kill most of his enemies and then that he should reign here on earth with his Saints a thousand years in all carnal delights 2. That God is not onely the author of sin but also of the sinfulnesse or Ataxie thereof 3. That all men are bound to know God in abstracto without Christ without Grace or Scripture 4. They held extreme unction to be a Sacrament and necessary for the sick and of divine institution so they held the holy kisse of peace a religious and needfull Ceremonie 5. They put down singing Psalmes and set up in lieu thereof singing prophets who are to chant out alone in the Congregation their own hymnes 6. They teach that the soul is mortall 7. That just mens souls go not into heaven till the last day but remain in the upper element of fire whither Enoch and Eliah with the Soul of Christ before his resurrection and the soul of the good thief went and no higher they teach also that the Souls of the wicked go not before the last judgement into hel but remain in the lower region of the air or in the bottom of the sea 8. They say that after the day of judgement all the world shall be hell except that part of heaven where God resides with his Angels 9. In preaching they will have their Ministers covered and the people bare but in administring the Sacrament they will have the people covered and the Minister bare Q. 8. Vpon what grounds do these Millenaries build Christs temporall Kingdome here on earth for a thousand years An. Upon that place of the Revilation 19. 4 5 6. I saw the Souls of them who were beheaded for the witnesse of Iesus and they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years but this place proves no such Kingdome for it is mysticall and symbolicall Divinity not argumentative Again in this place there is no mention at all of any earthly presence of Christ nor of any earthly reign with him besides the Kingdome of Christ is everlasting for of his Kingdome saith the Angel there shall be no end therefore here is put a definite number for an indefinite Christ saith his Kingdome is not of this world the Kingdome of Christ is spirituall and within us and if we speak of Christs Kingdome as he is Mediator reigning in his Church by his word sacraments and discipline we must conclude that he hath reigned already above 1600. years and how long more he shall reign here on earth we know not 2. They build their opinion upon Dan. 12. 2. Many of them who sleep in the dust shall arise c. hence they inferre two resurrections in the first many shall rise to reign with Christ here on earth in the second they say all shall rise to Judgement but this interpretations is ridiculous for the first Resurrection mentioned in Scripture is spirituall to wit a rising from the death of sinne of which the Apostle if you be risen with Christ seek the things that are above for as sin is called death you were dead in sinnes and trespasses so the forsaking of sinne is called a resurrection this is the rising of the mind the other of the body Agaiâ— in Scripture many and all are promiscuously taken for the same as here many shall rise that is all So Matth. 4. Christ healed all Diseases that is many Besides the words of Daniel are directly spoken of the second Resurrection to Iudgement and not to a temporary Kingdome for he saith that some of those shall rise to life eternall not to a temporary of a thousand years and others to everlasting shame which yet the Millenaries deny in saying the wicked shall not rise till the expiration of the thousand years and where they say that the Saints shall shine as starres or the Firmament in the first Resurrection but as the sun in the second it is vain for in the second Resurrection shall be degrees of glory as the Apostle sheweth 1 Cor. 15. For as one Star differeth from another star in glory so is the Resurrection of the dead some shall shine as the Sun who is the brightest of all the starres and some shall be lesser starres an glory they do also vainly call their first Resurrection a hidden mystery whereas indeed it is the second Resurrection that is a mesterie and so hidden that the wisest Philosophers understood iâ— not and thought Paul had been 〈◊〉 when 〈◊〉 preached this mystery as Athens that which cannot be apprehended by reason but by faith 〈…〉 â—e truly called a hidden mystery 3. They misapply divers places of Scripture to prove this imaginary reign of Christ here on earth as Psalm 102. 16. when the Lord shall build up Sion he shall appear in his glory This Scripture was fulfilled when Ierusalem was rebuilt after the captivity So they alledge Acts 3. 20. 21. The Heavens shall receive Christ till the times of restitution of all things but this is spoken of the second Resurrection for then shall be a restitution of all things and not before in their thousand years reign for they confesse that then all the Jews shall not rise nor all Christians it must then follow that there shall not be a restitution of all things at that time That place of Rom. 11. 12. concerning the calling of the Jews is impertinent for we deny not but they shall be called to the faith of Christ but that they shall return to build Ierusalem and be under Christs earthly reign 1000. years is not at all spoken in that place no lesse impertinent is that place of 2. Pet. 3. 13. We look for new heavens and a new earth wherein dwelleth righteousnesse for this is spoken of the last Judgement wherein all things shall be renewed by fire and not before as the circumstances of the Scripture do shew and all Jnterpreters do agree so without any sense or reason they apply the 65. chapter of Isa. to their Millenary reign which is plainly spoken of the calling of the Gentiles and of Christs first coming to preach the Gospell and to gather a Church which there and elsewhere is called Ierusalem and the Prophets usually under the terms of planting building eating and drinking new heavens and new earth the joy of hills forrests and trees c. do expresse the happy estate of the Church of Christ under the Gospel When the mountain of the Lords House shall be coealted on the top of the mountains and all nations shall flock to it then Jerusalem that is the Church shall be the throne of the Lord. Then out of Sion shall go forth a Law and the word of the Lord from Ierusalem then shall the God of heaven set up a Kingdome which shall never be destroyed Christ shall reign over
the house of Iacob for ever to this City of the Church shall the Kings of the earth bring their glory and honour in that day he that is feeble shall be like David and the house of David shall be as God See Isa. ch 2. ch 55. and ch 65. Ier. 16. Ezech. 21. Dan. 2. Zach. 12. Luke 1. Rev. 21 and many more places which speak of the Churches felicity under the Gospel but not a word of a millenarie Reign Q. 9. Wherein doth the vanity of the Millenaries opinion consist An. 1. In giving to Christ a temporall Kingdome of a thousand years whereas his Kingdome is eternall it shall stand fast for ever of his Kingdome shall be no end saith the angel 2. In giving him an earthly Kingdome whereas his Kingdome is heavenly My Kingdome saith he is not of this world It is not from hence it is within us 3. In making his Kingdome to consist in earthly pleasures in eating drinking fighting c. all which are directly against the nature of his Kingdome which as the Apostle saith Rom. 14. 17. Is not meat and drink but righteousnesse peace and joy of the Holy Ghost the end of his coming was to fight with no other weapon but with the two edged sword of his word proceeding out of his mouth he was the prince of peace the dove that brought the olive branch in his mouth he brought peace in his birth he preached peace in his life and recommended peace to us at his death and as Saint Austin saith pacem nobis reliquit iturus ad Patrem pacem nobis dabit perducturus ad patrem his peace he left with us and his peace he will bring again to us 4. In this their imaginary Kingdome they bring Christ down from heaven before his time for the heavens must contain him till the restitution of all things which cannot be till the last Judgement it is an Article of our Creed that Christ shall come down from heaven to judge the quick and the dead which shall not be till the last day 5. He is to sit at Gods right hand untill be hath made his enemies his footstâ—â—l Ps. 110. 1. But these men will bring him from thence before he hath obtained this conquest and triumph which is not to be obtained till the last day and consummation of all thing 6. They are injurious to Christ to bring him from his place and condition of glory to play the part of a butcher and executioner in murthering of men with the sword here on earth an office ill beseeming him and no wayes suitable to his glorious condition and mercy who came to save sinners and not to destroy them 7. The Scripture mentioneth no other Resurrection of the bodies but such as shall rise at the last day Iohn 6. 39 40 44. in the end of the world when he shall have delivered up the Kingdome to God 1 Cor. 15. 22. where we shall be caught up in the clouds to meet the Lord in the aire and shall be ever with the Lord 1 Thes. 4. 15. but this Millenarie Resurrection is long before the last day and end of the world neither in it shall we be ever with the Lord if we are with him but a thousand years 8. The Scripture doth not speak of three comings of Christ but of two onely the first when he came in humility the second when he shall come in glory unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time without sin unto salvation Heb. 9. 28. let them shew us out of Scripture a third coming and we will believe them 9. Christ tells us Iohn 14. 2. that in his Fathers house that is in heaven are many mansions thither he is gone to prepare a place for us that where he is there we may bâ— but he is in heaven in his Fathers house there doth he prepare a place for us and not here upon earth for so we shall not be where he is but he will be where we are which is repugnant to his own words 10. They make the time of Christs second coming to Iudgement certain in affirming it shall be at the end of their thousand years but this is repugnant to Christs words who faith that his coming shall be sudden secret and unexpected like the coming of a thief in the night like the coming of Noahs stood or the fire of Sodom so that of that day and 〈◊〉 knoweth no man no not the angels in heaven nor Christ himself as he is man 11. Whereas the condition of Christs Church here on earth is mixed consisting of Saints and reprobates of sheep and goats of good and bad fishes of wheat and chaffe of corn and â—ares they give Christ such a Church as is without sinne or sinners as need no preaching nor Sacraments no Pastors and Jeachers no Advocate with the Father no Christ to appear for us in the presence of God and lastly such a Church as is not subject to persecution affliction sufferings and trouble all which is directly repugnant to Gods word and condition of the Church miâ—â—tant here which is subject both to infirmities and afflictions 12. Antichrist shall not be destroyed till Christs second coming to Iudgement as the Apostle sheweth 2 Thes. 2. 8. That Christ shall destroy him with the brightnesse of his comming but the millenaries will have him to be destroyed before the beginning of their thousand years which is flat against Scripture 13. They do exceedingly wrong the Martyrs in bringing their souls down from heaven where they have the fruition of God and his angels to reign here on earth and to enjoy carnall and sensuall pleasures the meanest of the Saints in heaven must be in a far better condition than the greatest martyr in this earthly Kingdome 14. The reward that is promised to the Saints after this life is not a Kingdome here on earth but the Kingdome of heaven a house made without hands eternall in the heavens a mansion in our heavenly Fathers house to sit with Christ in his throne to be caught up in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air and to be ever with the Lord to be with Christ in Paradise to enjoy life eternall c. 15. Whereas they dream that Ierusalem shall be rebuilt and the Iewes shall reign in Iudea a thousand years with christ is directly also against Gods word which Ezech. 16. 53. 55. sheweth that the Iews shall be restored to their former estate when 〈◊〉 and Sodom shall be restored which will never be and Gen. 49. 10. The Scepter shall depart from Iuda when Sâ—iloh cometh Ierusalem saith Saint Hierom est in aetornos collapsa cineres fallen into everlasting ashes and never to rise again 16. Whereas they dream that in the millenarie Kingdome sacrifices circumcision and all other Iewish ceremonies shall be used 't is plainly to deny that christ ever came in the flesh or that he offered himself a propitiarory sacrifice to put an
5. They hold Baptisme a pure legal administration not proceeding from Christ but from Iohn 6. They jest the Scriptures that divine Legacy of our salvation out of all life reverence and authority quoting it in driblets and shreds to make it the more ridiculous In their Letters they endeavour to be strangely prophane and blasphemous uttering Athiesticall curses and impâ—ecations which is a kind of canting among them as among Cypsies as for exampe in one you have this stile My own heart blood from whom I daily receive life and being to whom is ascribed all honour c. thou art my garment of needle work my garment of salvation Eternal plagues consume you all rot sink damne your bodies and souls into devouring fire where none but those who walk uprightly can enter The Lord grant that we may know the worth of Hell that we may scorn heaven 7. Sinne is onely what a man imagines and conceives to be so within himself 8. Ordinances they account poore low things nay the perfections of the Scriptures is so inconsiderable in their apprehensions that they prâ—â—ead to lâ—ve above them their lives witnesse they live without them 9. If you ask them what christian Liberty is they will tell you that it consists in a community of all things and among the rest of women which they paint over with an expression call'd The enjoyment of the fellow creature 10. The enjoyment of the Fellow-creature cannot but be seconded with lascivious songs drinking of healths musick dancing and bawdry Lastly They are with the Anabaptists those that most of all kick against the pricks of Authority for Magistracy cannot have in it any thing more sacred than the Ministry so that they wish as much policy in the State as government in the Church which is none at all so to bring an Eygyptian darknes upon both that the world might be the less scandalised at their madnessâ—s extravagancies But this age which is much more fruitfull of Religions than of good works of Scripture-phrases than of Scripture practises of opinions than of piety hath spawned more religions than that Lady of Holland did Inâ—ant to mention all which were to weary both my self and the reader therefore I will content my self to mention some few more as the Independents Presbyterians c. Q. 17. What are the opinions of the Independents A. 1. These are so called because they will have every particular Congregation to be ruled by their own laws without dependence upon any other in Church matters 2. They prefer their own gathered Churches as they call them in private places to the publick congregations in Churches which they flight calling them steeple-houses 3. They hold there is no use of learning or degrees in Schools for preaching of the Gospel and withall that maintenance of the Ministry by Tithes is Superstitious and Judaicall 4. They are against set forms of prayer chiefly the Lords prayer accounting such forms a choaking of the spirit 5. They give power to private men who are neither Magistrates nor Ministers to erect and gather Churches and to these also they give the power of election and ordination if we may call this ordination of deposition also and excommunication even of their own officers and finall determination of all Church causes 6. They commit the power of the Keyes in some places to women and publickly to debate and determine Ecclesiastick causes 7. They admit private men to administer the Sacraments and Magistrates to perform the Ministers office in marrying 8. They permit divorces in slight cases 9. They hold Independency to be the beginning of Christs Kingdome which is to be here on earth a thousand years 10. They place much Religion in names for they do not like the old names of Churches of the dayes of the week of the moneths of the year of Christmasse Michaelmasse Candlemasse c 11. In preaching they will not be tyed to a Text nor to prayer but they make one to preach another to pray a third to prophesie a fourth to direct the Psalm and another to blesse the people 12. They permit all gifted men as they call them to preach and pray and then after prophesying is ended they question the preacher in the points of his Doctrine 13. some of them allow no Psalms at all to be â—â—ng in publick calamities and will not suffer Woâ—â—en to sing Psalms at all 14 They will baptise no children but those of their own Congregations whom they esteem not members of their Church untill they have taken their Covenant 15. They in divers places communicate every Sunday among themselves but will not communicate with any of the reformed Churches 16. Whilest they are communicating there is neither reading exhortation nor singing not have they any preparation nor catechising before the communion and either they sit at Table or have no Table at all and because they would not seem to be superstitious in the time of administration they are covered 17. They allow their Ministers to sit in civil Courts and to voice in the choosing of Magistrates 18. They are against violent courses in matters of Religion nor will they have the conscience to be forced with fear or punishment but gently to be inclined by perswasion and force of argument in which point I commend their Christian moderation for in propagating the Gospel neither Christ nor his Apostles nor the Church for many hundred years did use any other sword but the word to bring men to Christ. Q. 18. What Tenets are held by the Independents of New England An. Besides those opinions which they hold with other Independent they teach that the spirit of God dwells personally in all the Godly 2. That their Revelations are equall in Authority with the Scriptures 3. That no man ought to be troubled in his Conscience for sinne being he is under the Covenant of grace 4. That the Law is no rule of our conversation 5. That no Christian should be prest to practise holy duties 6. That the Soul dieth with the body 7. That all the Saints upon earth have two bodies 8. That Christ is not united to our fleshly body but to the new body after the manner that his Humanity is united to his Divinity 9. That Christs Humanity is not in heaven 10. That he hath no other body but his Church 11. They reckon all Reformed Churches except themselves profane and unclean All these opinions savour of nothing but of pride carnall security blasphemy and slighting of Gods written word which is able to make the man of God perfect and wise unto salvation Q. 19. Vpon what grounds do the Independents forsake our churches An. Because they do not see the signes of grace in every one of our members but this ground is childdish for many are in the state of grace in whom we see no outward signes so was Saul when he persecuted the Church he was then a vessel of mercy and many in whom we
the ground of all Government and Greatnesse 2. By divers reasons it is proved that Religion of all Common wealths and humane societies is the foundation 3. That Princes and Magistrates ought to have a special care in setling and preserving of Religion 4. That one Religion onely is to be allowed in a Common wealth publickly 5. In what Respects different Religions may be tolerated in private 6. A Christian Prince may not dissemble his Religion 7. Why God blesseth the professors of false Religions and punisheth the contemners thereof 8. False Religions are grounded upon policy and what use there is of Ceremonies in Religion 9. The mixture and division of Religions and of Idolatry 10. How the Gentile Religion in worshipping of the Sunne seems to be most consonant to natural reason with divers observations concerning Sun-worship and the knowledge the Gentiles had of a Deity and the Vnity thereof with some glimmering of the Trinity 11. That the honour maintenance and advancement of a Priest-hood is the maine supporter of Religion 13 That the Christian Religion is of all others the most excellent and to be preferred for diver reasons being considered in it selfe and compared with others with an exhortation to the practice of religions duties which is true Christianity The Contents of the First Section Of the Church Disciplin Sacrifices Ordination Publick place Buildings first erected for Divine Service and days of Divine Service befâ—re Moses 2. Of the Church Government under Moses difference of the High Priests from other Priests 3. Of the Church Government from him till Solomon 4. Of the Government after Solomon till the division of the Tribes 5. Of Solomons Temple and the outward splendor of the Iewes Religion 6. Of the Office of the Levites of the Prophets Scribes Pharises Nazarites Rechabites Essenes Sadduces and Samaritans 7. Of the ancient observation of their Sabbath of the observation of their Passover of the feasts of Pentecost Tabernacles new Moons of Trumpets and of Expiation of their Sabbatical year and their Iubilee 8. Of their ancient Excommunications how God instructed them of old and of the maintenance allowed by the Iews to their Priests and Levites 9. Of the Government after the Iews were carried captive into Babylon 10. Of the Iewish Church Government at this day their Prayers Sabbaths Feasts Book of the Law Passover what observable thereupon and whether to be permitted among Chirstians in the exercise of their own religion and wherein not to be communicated with by Christians 11. Of the Iewish preparation for morning prayer Fast in August Beginning of their new year Feast of Reconciliation Ceremonies in reading of the Law 12. Their Church Officers Feast of Dedication and of Purim Fasts Marriages Divorcements Circumcision Redemption of the first born their duty toward the sick and ceremonies about the dead SECT I. Quest. WAs there any Religion Church Government of Discipline in the beginning of the World Answ. Yes For then was the Word preached and Sacraments administred We read of Sacrifices offered by Cain and Abel and likewise the distinction of clean and unclean beasts By Faith Abel sacrificed Heb. 11. Noah's sacrifice was pleasing to God Gen. 8. This could not be will-worship for such is no wayes pleasing to God it was therefore according to his Word and Commandement There was also Excommunication for Adam and Eve for their disobedience were excommunicated out of Paradise which was then the type of the Church and every soul not circumcised the eighth day was to be cut off from the people of God Gen. 17. The Word then being preached for God preached to Adam in Paradise and doubtlesse he preached to his Children out of Paradise the Sacraments administred and Excommunication exercised which are the three main points of Church discipline it follows there was then a Church and Church Government Q. Was there then any Ordination A. Yes doubtlesse for God is the God of order nor was it fit that he who mediated between God and the people by preaching prayer and sacrifices should thrust himselfe into that office without ordination therefore God ordained Adam he some of his Children as Cain and Abel and whereas Gen. 4. we do not read that Cain and Abel did sacrifice but only brought their Offerings to wit that Adam might offer them up to God for them it argueth that as yet they had not received ordination and its likely that ordination then was performed by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Imposition of hands which custome the Jewes retained in ordaining their Levites Num. 8. 10. and after them the Christians in ordination of Ministers Act. 6. 6. 1 Tim. 5. 22. which ceremony the Gentiles used in Manumission of their servants and the Jewes in ordination of their Synedrion or the Judges imposed their hands so Moses and Ioshua laid their hands upon the 70. Elders and Moses is commanded by God to lay his hands upon Ioshuah the Son of Nun Numb 27. 18. Q. Was there then any publick place of Sacrificing A. Yes upon the same ground that God who is the God of order will have all things done in his Church with order and decency the meeting also together in one place to hear and pray and offer sacrifice did maintain amity amongst Gods people Besides we read Gen. 25. 22. that Rebecca when the children strugled in her womb did not stay at home but went to wit to the publick place where Gods worship was to enquire of the Lord and because in this place God used to shew his presence to his people by some outward signe it was called Gods presence therefore Gen. 4. 16. Cain went out from the presence of the Lord that is he was excommunicate out of the Church but we must not conceive that as yet there were any material buildings for Gods service for in the beginning men conceived it unfit to include God within the narrow bounds of a material Temple whom the Heaven of Heavens cannot contain therefore they worshipped him in the open air either upon hills for they thought low places were unbeseeming the most High God hence they called every hill Gods hill or else if they were necessitated to sacrifice on the sea shore or in some low plain they made their Altars so much the higher which from their altitude they called Altaria and these places of Divine worship they named Templa from contemplation The very Gentiles thought it unfit to confine the Sun their chief God to a narrow Temple seeing the whole world was his Temple and after they had built Temples for their Deities they would have them for a long time to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or open-roofed Q. Why were the Groves and high places condemned in Scripture A. Because they were abused both by Jewes and Gentiles to superstition idolatry and all uncleannesse therefore God commands them to be cut down Exod. 34. 13 Deut. 7. 5. 12. 3. 16. 21. Iosiah destroyed them 2. Kings 23.
two Cherubins in the Temple four in the Tabernacle there was but one golden Candlestick and one brazen Laver but in the Temple there were ten of each So this Temple of Solomons far exceeded the other built by Zerobbabel wherein was wanting the Cloud the celestial fire the Ark and the holy Oyl besides in number of Prophets magnifick structure and wealth it was far inferiour to the first and yet in respect of Christ the second did far exceed the first who supplyed the want of the Cloud fire oyl Prophesie Vrim and Thummim He being all these in a more excellent manner but wee must note that though the pot with Manna and Aarons rod were kept in Moses his Ark yet in Solomons Ark were only the two Tables of the Law 1 Kings 8. 9. In the Womens Court stood the Gazophylacium or treasury containing the Almes or Gifts that were offered Q. What else may we observe of Solomons Temple A. That this Temple was to the Jewes as their Cathedral or Metropolitan Church the Synagogues which were not in Ierusalem till after the captivity did resemble our Parish Churches in which the Scribes taught as the Priests in the Temple and as there was a high Priest for the Temple so there was for the Synagogue a high Ruler called Archisynagogus In the Synagogues also they had their distinct Courts as in the Temple and an Ark for the book of the Law and the same holinesse ascribed to the one as to the other but that they could sacrifice nowhere but in the Temple upon the brazen Altar in the Court of the Priests which Altar was called Ariel or the Lyon because like a Lyon it devoured the flesh of the sacrifices Upon the golden Altar incense was offered Christ was represented by both Altars his humanity and passion by the brazen his divinity resurrection and ascension by the golden Altar and the incense thereof mounting towards Heaven In the Court of the Priests called the holy place stood the Table of Shew-bread on which were twelve loaves which represented the twelve Tribes upon each loaf was a dish of franckincense shewing Christs intercession for his people The Candlestick and Pincers or Snuffers represented the doctrine and disciplin of the Church Some divide the Temple but into three parts excluding the Court of the Gentiles to wit into the outward Court of the Israelites the holy or Court of the Priests and the holiest of all into which the high Priest entred once yearly with blood incense and smoak It was death for any other to enter there and even for the high Priest himselfe if he entred above once in a year yet Pompey and Heliodorus took the boldness to enter thither but the one never prospered after and the other fell mad so dangerous a thing it is to be too bold with Religion The brazen Laver and the Shew-bread in the Priests Court represented the two Sacraments of the Church to wit Baptism and the Eucharist The Women shewed their devotion in bestowing their looking-glasses which were not of glass as ours are but of polished brass upon the brazen Laver Exod. 38. 8. a looking-glass sheweth us the spots of our faces but Baptism washeth away the spots of our soules Two other Temples were built in opposition to that of Ierusalem namely the Temple of Samaria built by Sanballat upou mount Garizim the other at Heliopolis in Egypt by Onias the fourth whom Antiochus had put from the high Priesthood The second Temple of Ierusalem built by Zerobbabel was begun in the second yeare of King Cyrus Ezra 3. 8. and was finished in the ninth year of Darius Histaspes which was 46. years in all whereas the first Temple was begun and finished in seven years Herod spent eight years whether in repairing of the old or in building of a new is uncertain yet Iosephus tells us that Herod pulled down the old temple and built a new one which was six and forty years in adorning and perfecting of which the Jewes are to be understood Iohn 2. 20. Q. What did the Temple and the Vteasils thereof represent to us A. As the flitting Tabernacle shadowed out the Church militant so the fixed Temple resembled the Church triumphant the three Courts represented the threefold estate of mankind to wit his state in sinne before the Law by the outward court of the Gentiles his state under the Law by the inward court of the Priests and his state under grace by the holy of holies The Temple as it was built by Solomon a peaceable Prince resembleth the Christian Church erected by Christ the Prince of peace The one was built without noise so was the other The Temple was built upon a hill and the Church saith Christ is like a City built upon an hill In the Oracle or most holy place was neither the light of Sun Moon nor Candle resembling the new Ierusalem in the Revelation having the glory of God and the Lamb for the light thereof Rev. 21. 23. In this place stood the Ark and golden Censer with the Tables of the Law Aarons rod and the pot with Manna the mercy Seat covered the Ark whereon were the golden Cherubins Christs Kingly Office was represented by the Ark crowned with gold his Priesthood by the censer and his Prophetical office by the mercy seat whence God spake to the high Priest the Tables of the Law and Aarons rod shadowed out his active and passive obedience the Cherubins looking on the Ark did signifie Jews and Gentiles looking on Christ their King The pot with Manna did adumbrate his divinitie by the one and his humanity by the other The Propitiatory covered the Law and so hath Christ hid and concealed the condemning power thereof in the Sanctuary or holy place was the Table with the twelve Loaves representing the Twelve Tribes and in them all true Israelites or Church of Christ on the one side having the golden Candlestick on the other the Altar of incense besprinkled yearly with the blood of the Sacrifice and representing the preaching of the word and prayer which by the death of Christ are made acceptable to God In the same place also stood the brazen Altar of burnt offrings and the brazen Sea the one resembled Christ by whom we are justified the other holiness of life by which we are sanctified or the Altar of burnt offrings did signifie our Eucharist and the brazen Sea our Baptisme The fire that burned continually on the Altar did signifie Christs divinity for our God is a consuming fire saith the Apostle The holy Oyl with which the Priest was anointed shadowed the graces of the Spirit poured our on Christs humanity with this oyl of gladness Christ was anointed above his fellows Q. What was the office of the Levites A. Besides that they helped the Priests in gathering of Tithes some of them did carry wood and water for the Tabernacle which they were bound to carry up and down with its Utensils to pitch and
killed poysonable creatures and sacrificed Of these Persian Rites see Herodotus Athenaeus Pausanias and others Q What was the Old Scythian Religion A. They worshipped first of all Vesta then Iupiter Apollo Venus Mars and Hercules they had neither Images Altars nor Temples for any of their gods except for Mars whose temples they erected of bundles of twigs heaped up together In stead of his Image they set up an old iron sword to which they offered yearly sacrifices of cattel and horses and of men every hundreth Captive with whose blood they besprinkle Mars his sword Then they cut off the right shoulders of the slain men and sâ—ing them into the air They used to wound first and then to strangle the beast which they sacrificed praying to that god to whom they offered the beast they kindled no fire of wood for the Country yielded none but they burned the bones of the beast to boyl the flesh withal if they want a vessel they boyl the flesh in the beasts paunch they use no Vows nor any other ceremonies Their chiefest sacrifices were Horses But of this see Herodotus and others Q. What Religious discipline had the Tartars or Cathaians A. They worshipped the Sun Stars Fire Earth and Water to whom they offered the first fruits of their meat and drink each morning before they eat and drink themselves They beleeve there is one God maker of all things yet they worship him not nor pray to him They place Idols at their Tent doores â—o preserve their cattel and milk To these silk and felt Idols for of such materials they make them are offered the first fruits of milk meat and drink the hearts also of beasts which they leave before them all night and then eat them in the morning they offer horses to the Emperours Idol which none afterward must ride they do not break but burn the bones of their Sacrifices by their discipline they must not touch the fire with a knife nor meddle with young birds nor pour milke drink or meat on the ground nor break one bone with another nor make water within their Tents and divers other such traditions which if violated are punished with death or else redeemed with much money They believe another world but such as this is When one dieth he hath meat set before him and mares milk his friends eat a horse and burn the bones thereof for his soul they bury also with him a Mare a Colt and a Horse bridled and sadled his gold and silver also and they set upon poles the horse hide that was eat that he may not be without a Tent in the other world they use to purifie every thing by making it passe between two fires When they pray they are injoyned by their Discipline to lift up their hands and smite their teeth three times They use to feed the Ghosts or Spirits with Mares milk cast in the air or poured on the ground They have their religious Votaries and Monasteries amongst which there is an Order called Senscin which eat nothing but bran steeped in hot water They worship not Idols nor do they marry but they hold transanimation and divers other ridiculous opinions as may be seen in Iohannes de Plano Carpini whom Pope Innocent Anno. 1246. sent Embassadour to the Tartarian Court. See also M. Paulus Venetus Vincentius Bellouack in specbist Math. Paris and others There is one thing commendable in their Discipline that they force no man to embrace their Religion But Ortelius mentioneth a strange custom amongst them that their Priests on high trees preach to them and after Sermon besprinkle their auditors with blood milk earth and cow-dung mixed together and no lesse strange it is that they do not bury their dead but hang them on trees Q. Had the Pagans any knowledge of the Creation A. It seems by these Tartars and divers other Gentile Idolaters of which we are to speak that many of them had some knowledge of the beginning of the world which they learned not from the Jewes with whom they had no commerce but from the heathen Philosophers and Poets and these were led to believe this truth by the guide of natural reason for when they considered the continual vicissitudes in the world the alteration generation and corruption of things the nature of motion and of time whereof the one presupposeth a Chief Mover for nothing can move it selfe the other consisteth in Priotity and Posteriority which depends upon motion and suteth not with Eternity when they observed also the Harmony Order and Beauty of things how every motion and mutation aimed at a certain End they concluded that this great Universe could not be ruled or have existence by chance but by providence and wisdom and that therefore this must needs have a beginning otherwise we could not know whether the Egge or the Bird the Seed or the Plant the Day or the Night the Light or the Darknesse were first And seeing the world consisteth of corruptible parts how can the Whole which is made up of such Parts be Eternal They found also that it was repugnant to reason for so many Eternals and infinite Entities to exist actually together for every Entity in the world must be Eternal if it selfe be eternal Besides that it is against the nature of Eternity to admit magis minus degrees auction or diminution which it must needs do if the world be eternal for if there have been infinite annual revolutions of the Sun and infinite monethly revolutions of the Moon there must needs be something greater then Infinity for the revolutions of the Moon are far more then of the Sun by these reasons they were induced to acknowledge a beginning of the world of which Merc. Trismegistus in Poemandra speaketh plainly in saying That God by his word made and perfected the world dividing the Earth from the Heaven and the Sea from the Land c. Orpheus in his Argonaâ—tes singeth How Jupiter hid within his breast the world which he was to bring forth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 into the pleasant light c. this same song is sung by Hesiod Homer AEschilus Sophocles Euripides and other Poets Pythagoras as Plutarch and Laertius testifie taught That the world was made by God Thales Empedocles Anaxagoras and the other ancient Philosophers ascribe a beginning to the world some from one element some from another The Platonists alwayes held the creation of the world and the Aristotelians affirming there is a first mover must conclude that the world which is moved had a beginning they say also that the world doth depend upon God how then can it be Eternal seeing dependance and eternity are incompatible Aristotle in his Book de mundo and in his Metaphysicks saith That God is the cause and Author not onely of living creatures but also of nature it selfe and of the world Cicere in his Books of the nature of the gods confesseth That every thing had a beginning and that
Eagle to Iupiter The Cock to the Sun The Magpie to Mars The Raven to Apollo c. They had also their peculiar Trees Iupiter the Oke Pallas the Olive Venus the Mirtle Pluto the Cypress Bacchus the Vine Hercules the Poplar Apollo the Lawrel c. Q. what Religious Rites did the Romans use in their Marriages A. In their marriages they used prayers in which they called upon the chief Wedding gods to wit Iupiter Iuno Venus Diana and Pytho or Suadela Before they married they consulted with their Auspices who encouraged or discouraged them according to the Birds they saw the best Auspicium was either two Crowes or two Turtles these signified long and true love but to see one of these alone was ominous After this sight they went to their prayers and in the Temple before the Altar were married first sacrificing a Hog to Iuno Cui Vincla jugalia curae for she had the chief care of marriages the gall of the sacrifices the Priests flung away to shew there should be no gall in the married life They must not marrie upon unluckie dayes such were the dayes after the Calends Nones and Ides these were called dies atri or black dayes such a day was that which was kept in memory of Remus killed by his brother called Lemuria or Lemulia Neither must they marrie on Funeral dayes nor on Festivals nor when there was any Earth-quake or Thunder or Stormy weather no such commotions must be in marriages The Bride was besprinkled with water to signifie her purity and in the Entry or Porch she must touch the fire and water placed to shew she must pass through all difficulties with her Husband In the wedding Chamber were placed certain Dieties or Idols rather to shew what was to be done in that place these were Virginensis Subjugus Prem◠Pertunda Manturna Venus and Priapus Their other Rites which were rather Politick then religious I touch not as not being to my purpose Q. What were their Religious Rites in Funerals A. The Corps was wont to be washed anointed crowned by the Priest and placed in the porch of his house with a Cypresse tree before it every thing that was to be imployed in the Funerall was to be bought in the Temple of Venus Libitina to shew that the same diety which brought us into the world carrieth us out of it The eyes of the dead bodies were closed upon the going out of the breath but opened again in the Funeral pile that by looking towards Heaven they might signifie the soule was gone thither which also they expresse by the flying of the Eagle out of the same pile where the Emperors body was burned The place for the burial was appointed by the Pontifices and Augures Before the pile were wont to be sacrificed Captives to pacifie the infernal Ghosts but this being held too cruel Gladiators were appointed to fight and for want of these Women were hired to teare their Cheeks but this custome was forbid by the Law of the twelve Tables The Priest after the fire was burned gathered the bones and ashes washed them with wine put them in an Urn and besprinkled the people three times with holy Water For the number of three was sacred So was 7. and 9. Therefore upon those days they used to keep Festivals in memory of the dead Altars adorned with Cypress boughs and blew Laces were wont to be erected to the Ghosts and on them Frankincense Wine Oyl Milk and Blood Q. Why was the burying of the dead held an act of Religion A. Because it was held an act of justice and mercy both to bury the dead of justice that earth should be restored to earth and dust to dust for what could be more just then to restore to mother earth her children that as she furnished them at first with a material being with food rayment sustentation and all things needfull so she might at last receive them again into her lap and afford then lodging till the Resurrection whereof some of the wiser Gentiles were not ignorant it was also an act of mercy to hide the dead bodies in the earth that those organs of such a divine soul might not be torne by wild Beasts and Birds and buried in their mawes That disconsolate mother of Euryalus in the Poet is not so much grieved for the murthering of her Son as for that he should be left a prey to the Birds and Beasts Heu terrâ ignotâ cunibus data praeda Latinis Alitibusque jaces It was held among the Egyptians one of the greatest punishments that could be inflicted to want the honour of burial and with this punishment Iehoiakim the Son of Iosiah is threatned Ierem. 22. 19. That he should be buried with the burial of an Asse and cast forth beyond the gates of Jerusalem And the Milesian Virgins were terrified from hanging themselves by the Law of their Senat that such self-murtherers should have their bodies dragged naked through the streets in the same rope wherewith they hanged themselves Mezentius in the Poet doth not desire Aenaeus to spare his life but earnestly intreats him to afford him burial Nullum in caede nefas nec sic in praelia veni Vnum hec per siqua est victis venia hostibus ore Corpus humo patiare tegi c. So Turnus intreats for the same favour from Aenaeas si corpus poliari luinine mavis Redde meis Aen. 12. The right of Sepulture hath been held so sacred among all civil nations of the Gentiles that the violation thereof hath by their Lawes been counted Sacriledge Therefore they have ascribed to their gods the patronage of funerals and Sepultures for this cause they called the Law of interring the Law of their gods 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Isocrates in Panatheniaco sheweth that the right of Sepulture is not so much humane as divine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The burying of the dead is commended by the Pagan writers as a work of humanity mercy clemency piety justice and religion therefore the Latine pharse yet doth intimate how just a thing it is to bury the dead when they call Funerals Deities justa exequiarum or justa funebria We read in Homer Iliad 24. how angry Iupiter and Apollo were with Achilles for abusing and neglecting to bury the body of Hector shewing that Achilles had lost all mercy and modesty 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. And to shew how religious an act it is to bury the dead the Gentiles assign the care of Funerals and Sepulchres to certain gods which they called Manes whose chief was Pluto called therefore Summanus hence all Tombs and Monuments were dedicated Diis manibus and therefore they who offered any violence to Tombs were said to violate the Manes Deorum Manium jura sancta sunto Of this you may see more in our Mystagogus Poeticus It was counted an execrable thing if any should light upon a dead body unburied and not cast earth
more acceptable then wine In other points they were Pepuzians and differed from them onely in cheese offering therefore they were called Artotyritae from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bread and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cheese Q. 18. What was the Religion of the Tessarescae Decatitae or Quarradecimani and of the Alogiani A. The former of these were so called from observing Easter on the fourteenth day of the Moon in March after the manner of the Iewes and they made Saint Iohn the author of that custome which was observed by the Oriental Churches till Pope Victor excommunicated them as Schismaticks in dissenting from the custome of the Western Church This controversie fell out about the 165 year of Christ Severus then being Emperour and from the first Original thereof continued 200. years This Heresie was condemned by the council of Nice and ordered that Easter should be kept after the manner of the Western Church which derived their custom from Saint Peter These Hereticks also denied repentance to those that fell after baptisme which was the Novatian Heresie Alogiani so called from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the privative and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the word because they denied Christ to be the word and consequently they denied his divinity as Ebion and Cerinthus had done before Samosâ—tenus Aâ—â—ius and the Mahumetans afterward These Alogiani rejected Saint Iohns Gospel and his Apocalypse as not written by him but by Cerinthus which is ridiculous for Cerinthus denied Christs Divinity which Saint John asserteth in writing that the Word was God These Hereticks were named also Berilliani from Berillus a Bishop in Arabia who taught that Christ was a man and then became the word of God The first broacher of this Heresie is thought to be Artemon a profane man who lived about the time of Severus Emperour 167. years after Christ from him they were called Artemonitâ— Q 19. What was the Religion of the Adamians Elcesians and Theodotians A. The Adamians or Adamites so called either from one Adam their author or from Adam the first man whose nakednesse they imitate sprung up shortly after the Gnosticks and were called Prodiciani from one Prodicus whom they followed Of this Sect there be many extant at this day They held it unlawful for men or women to wear cloathes in their congregation and assemblies seeing their meetings were the only Paradise on earth where they were to have life Eternal and not in Heavenâ— as Adam then in his Paradise so Christians in theirs should be naken and nor cloathed with the badges of their sin and shame They rejected marriages as diabolical therefore they used promiscuous copulation in the dark they rejected also all prayers to God as needlesse seeing he knew without us what we wanted The Elcesei so called from Elcesae an impostor and Sampsei from a spotted kind of Serpent which they represented in their changable dispositions were much addicted to judicial Astrology and Soothsaying They held two Priests one below made of the Virgin a meer man and one above they confound Christ with the Holy Ghost and sometimes they call him Christs Sister but in a masculine name to both which persons they give longitude latitude and locality To water they ascribe a divinity and so they did to two Whoores Marthus and Marthana the dust of whose feet and spittle they worshipped as holy reliques They had a certaine Apocrypha book the reading whereof procured remission of â—in and they held it no sin to deny Christ in time of persecution This Heresie began to spread about 210. years after Christ under Gordian the Emperor See Origen who writ against it The Theodocians so called from one Theodoâ—us or Theodotion who lived under Severus Emperour 170. years after Christ. He was a Byzantian by birth and a Tanner by profession who taught that in times of persecution we may deny Christ and in so doing we deny not God because Christ was meerly man and that he was begotten of the seed of man He also added to and took from the writings of the Evangelists what he pleased Q 20. What was the Religion of the Melchisedecians Bardesanists and Noetians A. The former were called Melchisedecians for believing that Melchisedeck was not a man but a Divine power superiour to Christ whom they held to be a meer man One Theodotus Scholar to the former Theodotus the Tanner was author of this Sect who lived under Severus about 174. years after Christ. The Bardesanists were so called from one Bardesanes a Syrian who lived under Verus the Emperour 144. years after Christ. He taught that all things even God himself were subject to Fate or a Stoical necessity so that he took away all liberty both from God and man and that vertue and vice depended on the Stars He renewed also the whimsies of the Aeones by which he overthrew Christs divinity and denied the Resurrection of the flesh The Noetians so called from Noetus born in Smyrna taught that there was but one Person in the Trinity which was both mortal and immortal in heaven God and impatible on earth Man and patible So they made a Trinity not of Persons but of Names and Functions Noetus also taught that he was Moses and that his brother was Aaron This Heretick was buried with the burial of an Asse and his city Smyrna was overthrown eight years after he broached his Heresie He lived about 140. years after Christ under M. Antoninus and L. Verus Emperours Q. 21. Of what Religion were the Valesians the Cathari Angelici and Apostolici A. The Valesians so called from one Valens an Arabian who out of the doctrine of the Gnosticks or Tatians condemned marriage and procreation Therefore his Scholars after the example of Origen gelded themselves thinking none can enter into heaven but Eunuchs Whereas the Eunuchs Christ speaks of be such as by continence subdue the lusts of the flesh This Heresie springing under Iulianus Philippus Emperour about the year of Christ 216. The Cathari 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so called by themselves as if they were purer then other men derived most of their Tenets from Novatâ—s hence they were named Novatians This Novatus lived under Decius the Emperour after Christ 220. years He was an African born This Heresie lasted till the time of Arcadius to wit 148. years they denyed repentance to those who fell after Baptism they bragged much of their Sanctity and good works They condemned second Marriages as adulterous They used rebaptization as the Donatists did afterward They rejected also Oyl or Chrism in Baptisme The Angelici were so called from worshipping of Angels it seems this Heresie was begun in the Apostles time who condemneth it but had its growth shortly after the Melchisedecians about the year of Christ 180. The Apostolici were so called from imitating the holinesse of the Apostles these were the spawn of the Encratites about the year
Some of them deny the souls immortality and doubt whether there be any other Deity except Heaven and Earth 21. The Family of Love whose author was one Henry Nicolas a Hollander They reject all Sacraments and the three last petitions of the Lords prayer They say that Christ is onely the image of God the Fathers right hand and that mans soule is a part of the divine essence 22. Effroâ—tes so called from shaving their foreheads till they bleed and then anoint them with oyle using no other baptisme but this they say the holy Ghost is but a bare motion inspired by God into the mind and that he is not to be adored all which is directly repugnant to Gods word which proves that the holy Ghost is true God Thou hast not lyed saith Saint Peter unto man but unto God meaning the holy Ghost This Sect took up their station in Transylvania 23. Hosmanists these teach that God took flesh of himself whereas the Scripture saith that Christ was made of a Woman They deny pardon to those thaâ— relapse into sin and so they abridge the grace of God who wills us to repent and thereupon receives us into â—avour 24. 〈◊〉 so called from one Gaspâ—â— Schewenkfeld a Silesian he taught that the Scripture was needlesse to Salvation and with the old Mâ—nichees and Valentinians that Christ was not conceived by the holy Ghost in the Virgins Womb but that God created a man to redeem us and joyned him to himselfe and that this man became God after he ascended into Heaven they confound the Persons of Father and Son and say that God did not speak these words This is my beloved Son That faith is the very essence and nature of God That all Christians are the Sons of God by nature procreated of the divine essence That the Sacraments are uselesse that Christs body is every where Of these Sects and many more of lesse note see Florimundus Raymundâ—s hence we may see what a dangerous Gap hath been made since Luther began to oppose the Church of Rome for the little Foâ—â—es to destroy Christs Vineyard what multitudes of Taâ—es have grown up 〈◊〉 the good Corn in the Lords field what troublesome Frogs worse then those of Egypt have crawled into mâ—st mens houses what swarmes of Locusts have darkened thâ— Sun of righteousnesse whilst â—e was â—â—ining in the Firmament of his Church Q 13. What other opinions in religion were maintained this age A. Carolostadius Arch Deacon of Witâ—berâ— and Oecolâ—â—padius Monk of the Order of S. Bridges opposed Luthers Doctrin in the point of the real presence shewing that Christ was in the bread onely sacramentally or significatively The Libertius whose author was one Quintious a Taylor of Piâ—cardy taught that whatsoever good or evil we did was not done by us but by Gods Spirit in us that sin was nothing but an opinion that in reproving of sinners we reproved God himself that he onely was regenerate who had no remorse of conscience that he onely reâ—euted who confessed he had committed no evil that man in this life may be perfect and innocent that the knowledge we have of Christ and of our Resurrection is but opinion that we may dissemble in Religion which is now the opinion of Master Hobbs and lastly they slight the Scriptures relying on their own inspirations and they slight the Pen men of the Holy Ghost calling Saint Iohn a foolish young man Saint Matthew a Publican Saint Paul a broken vessel and Saint Peter a denyer of his Master Zuinglius Canon of Constance held the Doctrine of Câ—rolostadius against Luther concerning the real presence David George a Glasier in Gaunt taught that he was God Almighties Nephew born of the Spirit not of the flesh the true Messiah and third David that was to reign on Earth that Heaven was void of inhabitants and that therefore he was sent to adopt Sons for that heavenly Kingdom He denied Spirites the Resurrection and the last judgement and life eternal He held promiscuous copulation with the Adamits and with the Manichees that the soul was not polluted with sin that the souls of Infidels shall be saved and the bodies of the Apostles as well as those of Infidels shall be burned in Hell fire and that it was no sin to deny Christ before men therefore they condemned the Martyrs of folly for shedding their blood for Christ. Melaâ—â—ctâ—on was a Lutheran but not altogether so rigid so was Bucer except in the point of Christs real presence Westphalus also but he denied original sin and the Holy Ghosts procession from the Son and that Christs did not institute the Lent Fast nor was any man tied to keep it Q. 14. What were the chief Heads of Calvins Doctrine A. That in this life our â—aith is not without some doubtings and incredulity that the Scriptures are sufficient without traditions that an implicite faith is no faith that the Books of Tobias Iudith a part of Hester The Wisedome of Solomon Ecclesiasticus Baruch The History of Bell and the Dragon and the books of Macchabees are not parts of the Canonical Scripture that the Hebrew Text of the Old Testament is only authentical and so the Grek of the New Testament that the Scripture in Fundamentals is clear of it selfe and is a sufficient judge of controversies that the Elect have saving faith onely which can never totally and finally be lost that predestination to life or death dependeth not on mans foreseen merits or demerits but on Gods free will and pleasure that no sin comes to passe without the will of God that the Son of God received not his Essence of the Father nor is he God of God but God of himselfe that Christ in respect of his humaniâ—y was ignorant of some things that the Virgin Mary was obnoxious to divers sins and infirmities that Christ is our Mediaâ—or in respect of both natures that Christ was in the state of damnation when he suffered for us but did not continue in it that Christ by his suffering merited nothing for himselfe that he descended not truly into Hell but by suffering the pains of Hell on the Crosse that there is no Limbus Patrum nor Purgatory that our prayers avail not to the dead that the torments of the evil Angels were deferred till the day of judgement that Christ came not out of the grave whilest it was shut that the true Church of God consisteth onely of the Elect and that it is not visible to men that the Church may erre that Saint Peter was not Bishop of Rome nor the Pope his successor but that he is Antichrist that the Church and Magistrate cannot make Laws to bind the conscience that caelibat and the monastical life is unlawful consequently the vows of chastity poverty and obedience that man hath not free will to goodnesse that concupiscence or the first motions before the will consents are sins that all sins are mortal and none in themselves venial that in
divers Families to wit of 8. Sebastian S. Roch S. Ann. S. Anthony S. Dominie S. Martin of the Rosary and divers others Of these passages see Bruschius Balaeus Pol. Virgil Surius in the lives of the Saints the Centuries of Magdeburg Isidor and divers others The Contents of the Tenth Section Of new religious orders sprung out of the Benedictines and first of the Cluniacenses 2. Of the Camaldulenses and Monks of the Shadowy Valley 3. The Sylvestrini Grandimontenses and Carthusians 4. The Monks of S. Anthony of Vienna the Cistertians Bernardins and Humiliati 5. The Fraemonstratenses and Gilbertins 6. The Cruciferi Hospitalarii Trinâ—tarians and Bethlemits 7. The Johannites or first religious Knights in Christendom 8. The Templars 9. The Teutonici or Mariani 10. The Knights of S. Lazarus Calatrava and S. James 11. The orders of Mendicant Friers and first of the Augustinians 12. Of the Carmelits 13. Of the Dominicans 14. Of the Franciscaâ—s 15. Of things chiefly remarkable in the Franciscan order 16. Of the Knights of the holy Sepulchre and Gladiatores 17. Of the Knights of S. Mary of Redemption of the Montesians of the order of Vallis Scholarium and Canons Regular of S. Mark 18. Of S. Clara S. Pauls Eremites and Boni-homines 19. The servants of S. Mary Coelestini and Jesuati 20. The order of S. Briget 21. The order of S. Katherine and S. Justina 22. The Eremites of S. Hierom S. Saviour Albati Fratricelli Turlupini and Montolivetenses 23. The Canâ—ns of S. George the Mendicants of S. Hierom the Canons of Lateran the order of the Holy Ghost and of S. Ambrose ad Nemus and of the Minimi of Iesu-Maria 24. The orders of Knight-hood from the year 1400. namely of the Annunciada of S. Maurice of the Golden Fleece of the Moon of S. Michael of S. Stephen of the holy Spirit c. SECT X. Quest. 1. WHat new Religious Orders did there spring up in the West upon the decay of the Benedictines and what were the Cluniacenses A. After the Benedictines had flourished in the West about 400. years namely from the time of Iustinian tili Conradus the first about the 900. year of Christ out of this root sprung up new branches who being offended at the loose lives of the Benedictines and that they had fallen off from their Founders rule resolved to retain the old rule of Benet but to adde some new statâ—â—es thereto and to underpâ—op the old decaying house with new posts The first that began this reformation was Berâ—o who built a Monastery near Cluniacum over which when he was dying he placed one Odo to be Abbot thereof which Odo was the first indeed that revived Bennets rule and inforced it with new additions and so from the place his Monks were called Cluniacenses and not Benedictines by their rule the Abbot must eat with his Brothers and not alwayes with strangers a revolting Monk may be recevied again above three times fearing least the wandering sheep should become a prey to the Woolf. They renewed the custom of dipping the consecrated bread into the Cup which was used in case of necessity to children and the sick and afterward was promiscuously used by all at the Communion till it was condemned by Pope Iulius 340. years after Christ but this custom revived again An. 580. and was condemned again by the third Synod of Bracara at last An. 920. it was revived by these Monks of Cluniacum When any is to be admitted into their order they are brought to the Monastery there they are clipped shaved washed and stript of their old cloathes and then being new cloathed are admitted These Monks at first were very strict but afterward became more loose Q. 2. What were the Camaldulenses and Monks of the Shady Valley A. About the yeer of Christ 1030. according to Sabellicus one Romualdus of Ravenna perceiving how the rule of Bennet was neglected began to lay the foundation of a new Order in the Field Camaldulum whence he gave the name of Camaldulenses to his Monks He erected as we said before a Monastery upon the top of the Appenins having obtained a place from one Modulus who dreamed he had seen in his sleep Ladders reaching from that place to Heaven on which he saw Mortals cloathed in white mounting upward whereupon Romualdus procureth the place buildeth a Covent and gave his Monks white hoods to wear He enjoynd them also to silence except in time of divine service and yet some to keep their rule of silence the more strictly will not joyn with the rest but pray by themselves two days every week they feed on bread and water which is their fast and sit bare-footed on the ground About half a mile from thence are wooden crosses which women must not go beyond under pain of the Popes curse The order of Vallis Vmbrosa or the Shadowy Valley was instituted An. 1060. by one Iohn Gualbert a Florentine as is said this Iohn having forgiven his enemy who had killed his Brother for which mercy shewed to his enemy in a certain Abby Church whither he went for devotion he was thanked so the story goeth by a Crucifix there which bowed its head to him resolved to renounce the world came to the Shadowy Vally where there were two Monks living In that place he makes up a like house of boards but his fame grew so great that many both Clergy and Lay-men flock to him And the Lady of the soyle being Abbatesse bestowed the ground upon him with other large possessions So he being made Abbot by the consent of the Monks who were gathered together there proposed Saint Bennets rule to be observed which he enlarged by causing lights to burn still in the night both in their Chappel and Dormitory and ordering that they should wear no other cloth but what they made of the wooll of their own sheep He reformed divers Monasteries and placed over them Provosts of his own choosing he built also divers in Lombardy and elsewhere for which he was Canonized and by Alexander 2. and Gregory 7. Popes his order was ratified Their habit was of a purple or as others write of an ash-colour Q. 3. What were the Sylvestrini Grandimontenses and Carthusians A. The Sylvestrini were so named from one Sylvester who instituted this order after the rule and habit of the Monks of Vallis Vmbrosa This order was begun in the Marquisate of Ancona in Italy The Grandimontenses were so called from the voice that three times uttered these words in Grandi Monte that is in the Great Hill where one Peter was advised by the same voice to build his Monastery This Peter was disciple and successor to one Steven who in the year 1076. erected this order in Gascony where on the Hill Muretum he built him a cottage after he had wandered through many desarts He prescribes a rule to his disciples patched up of Bennets rule and of the Rites of the Canons Regular of
then he concludes that the body or flesh which suffered at Ierusalem was not christ body 22. He makes the soul of man to be all one with the Gospel and the body of Christ to be the whole Creation by this and such like stuffe with which his books are fraughted we may see that he deserveth to have his brains purged with Hellebor rather than his crasie opinions refused by arguments or Scripture In the mean while we may perceive to our great grief the lamentable fruits which are begot of two much liberty in religion These impious Opinions are in his printed Pamphlets lately published One Richard Coppiâ— holdeth some of the before recited opinions withall lately before a confused multitude in an usurped pulpit asserted the lawfulnes of womens preaching for such Ranters a pillory were more fit than a pulpit Q. 12. What opinions in Religion are lately broached by Iohn Reeve and Lodowick Muggleton An. These two would perswade us that they are the two last witnesses and prophets of Christ sent by his spirit to seal the foreheads of the elect and reprobate that one Iohn Robins is the last great Antichrist and son of perdition spoken of by the Apostle in the Thessalonians because he sheweth lying signes and wonders and assumes to himself the titles of the onely God in that he calls himself Adam and Melchisedeth and Father of Iesus Christ in saying the three persons in Trinity are Adam that is himself Abel that is his sonne Iesus and Caiâ— that is the holy Ghost Many such blasphemies they ascribe to him They affirm also that Christians using the sword of steel are ignorant of Iesus and enemies to his Gospel and they teach that the two uncreated substances of earth and water were eternally resident in the presence of God the Creator that death was from Eternity that the person of the reprobate Angel or Serpent entred into the womb of Eve and there died but quickened in her all manner of uncleannesse that there is no devil at all without the body of man or woman but what dwells within them so that the devil spoken of so often in the Scripture is mans spirit of unclean reason and cursed imagination that God the Father was a spirituall man from Eternity and that in time his spirituall body brought forth a naturall body that if the very Godhead had not died that is say they the soul of Christ which is the eternall Father had not died all men had perished eternally that Moses and Eliah are angels and did represent the person of the Father in heaven as they did the person of the Son on earth that Eliah was made protectour of God when God became a child and that he filled the Lord Iesus with those great revelations of his former glory which he possessed in heaven when he was the immortall Father and that it was Eliah who spake these words from heaven saying this is my beloved Son in whom I am well pleased they say also that all the Ministry in this world whether Propheticall or Ministeriall with all the worship taught by them is all a lye and abomination to the Lord. Again they declare that whereas there are three witnesses on earth water blood and the spirit that by water is meant the Commission given to Moses and the Prophets under the Law by blood the Commission given to the Apostles and Ministers of the Gospel by the Spirit is meant the Commission of the two witnesses that were to come in this last age whose ministry is invisible and spirituall cutting off all formall worshipping of an invisible spirituall personall God they say there is hardly a minister in the world that confesseth an invisible God but they preach a God of three persons that is a monster instead of one true personall God they say that the true God is a distinct body or person as a man is a distinct body or person again they say that there is no Christian Magistrate in the world that hath any authority from Christ to set up any visible form of worship and that the spirits and bodies of men are both mortall both begot together and both of one nature that the spirit is nothing without the body that it is the Spirit alone that walks and works eats and drinks and dies for the spirit is a naturall fire of reason they say also that the bodies or persons of holy men wherein they lived and died shall not appear again any more but when the Saints are glorified they are absolutely of the very same glorious nature both in spirit and body as God is and that believing spirits are of the very same divine nature of God This is the summe of their Divinity and Phylosophie as may be seen in their transcendent spirituall Treatise as they call it which is full of transcendent nonsence and blasphemieâ— for here they lay their axe to the very root of Christianity in giving a new Father to our Saviour Jesus Christ in calling the blessed Trinity a monster in denying the Creation whilst they make earth and water eternall in making angels and mens souls mortall in making weak man Gods protector and author of that divine knowledge which was in Christ in denying the Ministry of the Gospel and the power of the Magistrates and the outward worship of God and making the souls of men corporeall in denying also the Resurrection of the flesh and transforming men into the Divine nature By this and other wicked tenets permitted and countenanced among us at this time we see what Christian religion is come to in this land so famous heretofore for piety and zeal we received Christianity as soon as any Nation in Europe whether by the preaching of Saint Peter or Saint Paul or Simon Zelâ—tes or Ioseph of Arimathea I know not but all agree we received it very early and have continued ever since in the profession thereof neither was there ever any Nation more devout and zealous in the advancement thereof as our goodly Temples Monasteries Hospitals Colledges and Schools can witnesse but alas now Quantum mutamur ab illis Angligenis what is there left among us but the bare Skeliton of Religion the vitall substance thereof being eat up and consumed by heresies and blasphemies worse than any Sarcophagus I may here with Ieremiah complain that from the daughter of Sion all her beauty is departed her Princes are become like Harts c. How is the gold become so dimme and the most fine gold changed and the stones of the Sanctuary are scattered in every corner of the streets c. Q. 13. What are the opinions of the Quakers An. These fanaticall spirits are called Quakers because they use to quake and tremble when they prophesie so did the Heathen soothsayers of old non vultus non color unus non compta mansere 〈◊〉 sed pectus anhelum rabie fera corda tument c. but the spirit of God is the spirit of peace
sacerdos and in the Emperours of Rome that were also chief Pontifies and though Melchisedech was King and Priest and among the Iews Abraham was a Prince and a Priest Heli a Judge and a Priest the Machabees were Princes and Priests yet this was not ordinary for Abraham Melchisedech Heli were Types of Christ the Machabees by usurpation undertook both governments but ordinarily these Offices were distinct among the Iews therefore Moses who gave Lawes concerning the Priesthood did not exercise it himself neither did Ieshua David nor Salomon but on the contrary Saul and Vzziah were severely punished for medling with the Priests Office Saul for offering sacrifice lost his Kingdome and Vzziah was struck with Leprosie but among Christian these Officers are much more distinct for Christs Kingdome is not of this world and the Ministry is burden enough without other addition who is sufficient for it saith the Apostle besides it is Christs prerogative to be alone King and Priest of his Church Yet so far may the Magistrate meddle with the Ministry as to reform what is amisse both in their life and Doctrine examples hereof we have in Iehosaphat Ezechia and Iosiah and in Salomon too who deposed Abiathar the Priest Q. Was the Presbytery in use among the Iews A. Yes for besides the Civill Judicature which by Moses his appointment consisted of 70. men and had its seat in the City gates there was a spirituall or Ecclesiastick judicature kept in the Synagogues which judged of things holy and clean and discerned between holy and profane clean and unclean things and declared the Statutes of God and because of the Scribes among them they decided matters of their Civil Law Levit. 10. 10. This judicature consisted of Priests and Levites as also of the chief Fathers of Israel which we may call Lay or ruling Elders as we may see 2. Chroâ— 19. 8. Ichosaphat did not onely restore and reform from the Civil Courts called Sanhedrim in each City the chiefest whereof was at Ierusulem but also he reformed the Presbyteries or Ecclesiastick judicatures as may be seen there placing Amariah the chief Priest over these but Zâ—badiah ruler or Prince of the house of Iuda over the Synedria or Civil affairs called there verse 11 the Kings matters because the King was chief over these Courts as the High-Priest over the Presbyteries but afterward through the corruption of time These Courts were confounded and the Presbyteries did not onely judge de jure as anciently they used but also de facto even of life and death as in the time of the Mathaâ—ees but under the Romans this power was taken from them for they neither could put Christ nor Paul to death as for Stephen he was stoned not by the sentence of the Court but in a popular tumult Q. How are these two Courts named in the New Testament A. The Civil Court is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Councell the Ecclesiastick Court is named the Synagogue Mat. 10. 17. The chief of the Synagogue was the High-Priest but of the Councel was the Judge Deut. 17. 12. Ieremâ—ah was condemned by the Synagogue Ier. 26. 8. but absolved by the Councel or secular Judges in the Gate verse 16. Q. Why are Ministers called Presbyters and Bishops but not Priests in the New Testament A. Because they were to be put in mind of their dignity and Function which consisteth in the care and inspection of their stcok not in offering of sacrifice which was the proper work of the Priest but ceased when Christ our propitiatory sacrifice was offered besides Christ would reserve this prerâ—gative to himself in being the onely Priest of the New Testament not after the order of Aaron which ended when he was sacrificed but after the order of Melchisedech which was in him to continue for ever without successor Therefore the Ministers of the New Testament are no otherwise Priests then they are Kings but these titles are common to all Christians who by Christ are made Kings and Priests to God the Father Q. How are Ministers to be elected A. They must be examined whether they be apt to teach and well reported of by them who are without Therefore Tiâ—â—othy must not lay hands suddenly on any man 1. Tim. 5. 22. and 3. 7. Secondly the Bishop or Pastor must be chosen by all the Bishops or Pastors of the Province or by three at least as it was ordained by the Councel of Nice Canon 4. Thirdly the election of the Minister must be made known to the people as we may see in the sixth Canon of the Councel of Chalcedon Fourthly the people must give their approbation Acts 6. 5. therefore Saint Austin Epist. 110. presented his succcessor Eradiâ—s to the people for their consent Fifthly there must be imposition of hands a custome used not onely in the Christian Church 1. Tim 4. 14. and 5. verse 18. 〈◊〉 also among the Iews Num. 27. 18. Deut. 34. 9. Sixthly in the Reformed Churches the other Ministers give to him that is elected the hand of fellowship as Iaâ—s Peter and Iohn gave to Paul Gal. 2. Seventhly the new elected Minister subscribes the confession of faith and discipline of the Church which custome was used in the Churches of Africa Q. Are Romish Priests converted to our Church to be re-ordained A. There is no necessity of a new ordination for though their commission in the Church of Rome 〈…〉 the body and blood of Christ in the Eucharist yet they were ordained to preach the Word and to administer the Sacraments Which ordination is not nullified when they shake off the errors of Doctrine and preach the Wâ—â—d in purity 〈…〉 their ordination originally from the Pope or his subordinate Bishop but from Christâ— neither must their Oath taken in ordination to maintain the Romish Doctrine hinder them from preaching the Word in purity for an unlawfull Oath must not be kept Therefore Luther and others who forsook the errors of Rome received no new ordination Q. Had the Presbytery power to excommunicate A. Yes and not the Bishop alone for Paul would not by himself excommunicate the incestuous Corinthian without the Presbytery or the Church gathered together 1. Cor. 5. 4. for indeed the whole congregation should have notice given them of the Excommunication that they may avoid the party exommunicated Q. Vpon what is this power grounded A. Upon Gods own practice who excommunicated Adam out of Paradise and Cain from his presence 2. Upon his command who prohibited the unclean from entring the Temple till they were purified and from eating the Passeover or commercing with Gods people who commanded every soul not circumcised the eigth day to be cut off from the people 3 Upon Christs words Whomsoever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven 4. Upon Christs counsel forbidding to give that which is holy to dogs â—rto cast pearls before swine 5. Upon the Apostles practise Peter excommunicated Simon Magus in keeping him off
lyable to be censered as a brother Hence King Vzziah was excommunicate by the Priest Azariah and Theodâ—sius the Emperor by Ambrose Q. Will it follow that there must be no excommunication because Christ will not have the Tares plucked up till the Harvest A. 1. No for Christ speaketh there of Hypocâ—its which cannot be plucked up by the Church because she knoweth them not but in the great Harvest they shall be pluckt up by the Angels at his command who knows the secrets of the heart 2. If the place be meant of Hereticks they are not to be plucked up at such times as may endanger the Churches peace but they must be left to a convenient time when the Church may excommunicate them without danger or else left to the judgement of the great day 3. All Tares cannot be pluckt up whilest the Church is here Militant for there will be found still some Tares amongst the Corn some Goats among the Sheep a Iudas among the Apostles as there were Cananites and Iebusites among the Israelites 4. Christ by this condemns their rashnesse who presently go to pluck up and flye to excommunication before they use reproofe and admonition Q. Can the Minister exclude any man from the Kingdome of God A. 1. He cannot by his own power but by the power of him whose Minister he is 2. He cannot exclude any man from Heaven but he can pronounce and declare that such a man is excluded thence Q. Can the delivering of a man over to Satan be a means to save his spirit A. Yes accidentally for God can draw good out of evil and light out of darknesse thus the bufferings which Paul suffered by the Angel of Satan caused him to pray heartily it is the special work of Gods mercy to save our souls by affliction and misery Q. Can an excommunicate person be accounted as a Brother A. Yes for excommunication takes not away true Brotherly love and affection an excommunicate person may be shut out of Heaven but not out of hope we may exclude him out of our Society but not of our â—owels of compassion and mercy we draw the Sword of excommunication against him not to kill but to cure him Who would be more fully resolved of these Presbyterian Tenets let him read their own writings Q. How many Erroneous opinions in Religion have been lately revived or hatched since the fall of our Church government A. It were almost endlesse to number every particular it may suffice that I shall name more then one hundred of the most ordinary and latest received of them which are 1. That the Scriptures are a humane invention insufficient and uncertain and do not contain half of his revealed will 2. That they are all allegoricall and written according to the private spirit of the pen-men and not as moved by the Holy Ghost And that the Old Testament is now of no force 3. That reason is the rule of faith 4. That Scripture binds us no further then the Spirit assureth us that such is Scripture 5. That Scripture should not be read to a mixt Congregation without present exposition 6. That God is the Author of the pravity and sinfulnesse of mens actions 7. That Turks Jewes Pagans and others are not to be forced from their opinions 8. That God loves a crawling worme as well as a holy Saint 9. That Gods will not sin is the cause of mans damnation 10. That man was a living 〈◊〉 before God breathed into him and that which God breathed was a part of his divine essence 11. That God is the onely Spirit and that Prince of the aire who ruleth in the children of disobedience 12. That the soul dieth with the body 13. That reprobation cannot be proved out of Scripture 14. That there is no Trinity of persons in God 15. That every creature is God as every drop in the River is water 16. That Christ is not essentially but nominally God 17. That Christ was polluted with original sin 18. That Christ was true man when he created the world yet without flesh 19. That Christ died onely for sinners and not for unbelievers for sins past before our conversion but not for sins done after conversion 20. That no man is damned but for unbeliefe and that man can satisfie for his own unbeliefe 21. That Heathens have the knowledge of Christ by the Sun Moon and Stars 22. That the end of Christs comming was to preach Gods love to us and not to procure it for us therefore did not obtain life for the Elect but a resurrection only and deliverance us from death temporal 23. That Christ preached not the Gospel but the Law for the Gospel was taught by his Apostles 24. That our unction is all one with Christs Divinity 25. That Christ with the Church of Jewes and Gentiles shall reigne one Earth a 1000 years in carnall pleasures 26. That the Heathens are saved without Christ. 27. That the Spirit of God neither dwells nor works in any but it is our own spirit which both works in the children of disobedience and sanctifies the Elect. 28. That God seeth no sin in his Elect. 29. That a man baptized with the Holy Ghost knows all things as God doth 30. That we may be saved without the word prayer Sacraments c. 31. That there is no inherent sanctification in believers but all is in Christ. 32. That Adam had died though he had not sinned 33. That we have no original sin nor is any man punished for Adams sin 34. That Gods Image consisteth onely in the face which Image was never lost 35. That men who know the Gospel are of themselves able to believe 36. That one man is not more spiâ—itual then another 37. That we have no free will not so much as in our natural estate 38. That the moral Law is of no use among Christians 39. That we are not justified by faith and that neither faith nor holinesse nor repentance are required in Christians 40. That the childe of God can no more sin then Christ himselfe can 41 That there should be no fasting days under the Gospel 42. That God doth not chastise his children for sin 43. That God loves his children as well when they sin as when they do well and therefore Abraham in denying his Wife sinned not 44. That Gods children ought not to ask pardon for their sinnes for though they have sin in the flesh they have none in the conscience 45. That the body of iniquity is the great Antichrist mentioned in Scripture 46. That men shal have other bodies given them in the resurrection and not the same they had here on Earth 47. That Heaven is empty of souls till the resurrection 48. That Infants shall not rise at all yet Beasts and Birds shall rise againe 49. That after this life there is neither Heaven nor Hell nor Devil but Hell is in this life in the terrours of conscience 50. That there is no true Ministery nor Church
Letanies out of the Church upon it are four red crosses signifying the four Cardinal vertues justice prudence fortitude temperance which ought to be in Prelates which vertues are not acceptable to God but as they are sanctified by the crosse of Christ in which onely they should glory with the Apostle for the Gentiles had these vertues but knew not Christ nor his crosse There are also in the Pall three pins or bodkins signifying the three Christian vertues of faith hope and charity without which he cannot justly claim or retain his Pall they may signifie also a three-fold pricking or compunction which ought to be in Prelates 1. Of compassion towards those that are in miserie 2. Of care in the due and conscionable execution of their office 3. Of feare to offend God 4. Their worship consisteth in the Masse where we have many ceremonies first the Bishop or Priest before he begins sings five Psalmes then he combs his head and washeth his hands followeth the aspersion of holy water then is the Introiâ—us or singing at the Priests approaching towards the Altar whilest the Introitus is singing the Priest or Bishop walketh towards the Altar between a Priest and a Deacon before whom walketh the Sub-Deacon carrying the Book of the Gospel shut before whom march two Taper bearers and before them is carried the Censer with incense When the Priest or Bishop comes to the Altar he takes off his Mytre makes confession openeth the book and kisseth it Over the Bishop also a linnen cloth full of pictures is carried by four Ministers in form of a canopy In their four solemn Processions to wit at Candlemas Palme-Sunday Easter Ascention day they have crosse in banners seven Tapers borne by seven Acolyths seven Deacons following then seven Priors three Acolyths with incense one Sub-Deacon carrying the Gospel then the Bishop in great state whom the people follow with the Porters Readers Exorcists Singers c. Before the Bishop or Priest ascends the Altar he boweth himself to the ground and then confesseth and during the time of the Masse he boweth his body eight times before the Altar After confession and absolution the Priest blesseth the incense and puts it in the censer then he kisseth the Altar and the Book and takes the censor from the Deacon with which he sumeth the Altar and then removeth to the right side of the same and withal Kyrie Eleeson is said not lesse then nine times in the Masse Gloria in Excelsis is also sung which was the Angelical Hymne at Christs Nativity then the Priest turning to the people salutes them in these words The Lord be with you to whom the Quire answereth And with thy Spirit Seven times in the Masse the Priest salutes the people but turneth to them onely five times Then the collects or prayers are said and after them the Epistle is read with the face towards the Altar it s the Sub-Deacons office to read the Epistle which done he delivers the Book shut to the Bishop who layeth his hand on the Sub-Deacon which he kisseth Alter the Epistle is sung the Gradual so called from the steps of humility by which we ascend to Heaven it 's called also the Responsory because the matter thereof answers the matter of the Epistle Next to this Hallelujah is sung but from Septuagesima Sunday till Easter in stead of Hallelujah the Tractus is sung so called a Trabendâ— because it is sung with a long drawing tone as containing the mournful condition of man in this life as Hallelujah is the joyful song of Heaven After Hallelujah is sung the prose which by them is called Sequentia it is a song of exaltation This done the Priest removeth from the right to the left side of the Altar whence the Deacon takes the Gospel and ascends into a high place where he reads it with his face to the North the crosse the censer and two lights are carried before the Gospel which is laid upon a chshion to shew the yoak of Christ is easie at the reading of it all stand up and crosse themselves and give glory to God After this the Creed is rehearsed and the Sermon followeth which concludeth the first part of the Masse Q. 11. What is their manner if dedicating Churches A. In the Church to be dedicated or consecrated are painted twelve Crosses on the walls before which burne twelve Tapers The Bishop in his Pontificalls with his Clergy and the people come to the Church door being shut where he prayeth and then besprinkleth the walls with holy water whilest the Clergy and people goe singing about the Church The holy water is sprinkled out of a bundle of Hysope Then the Bishop with his whole Traine returning to the Church-porch prayeth again and with his crosier staffe knocketh the door thrice saying these words Lift up your heads O ye Gates and be ye lift up ye everlasting doors and the King of glory shall come in Of whom the Deacon within the Church asketh Who is the King of glory to whom the Bishop answereth The Lord strong and mighty the Lord mighty in Battell Then the door is opened the Bishop with three of his servants entereth the rest remain without after-the Bishop hath wished peace three times to that house the door is shut again and he on his knees before the Altar prayeth whilest the Clergy without sings the Letanie and the Priests carry on their shoulders a Chest or Coffin containing the Reliques of that Saint to whom the Church is dedicated The Altar with all belonging to it are sanctified the walls with certain letters are painted Salt Water Ashes and Wine are exorcized and mingled together into which he dipps his thumb and makes the signe of the Crosse on the Altar Walls and Pavement Then he offers incense and blesseth the Church in the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost this being done the Bishop before the Church door preacheth to the people concerning the anniversary dedication of that Church of honour due to the Clergy of tenths also and oblâ—tions After Sermon all are admitted into the Church singing The twelve Lights and twelve Crosses do signifie the Doctrine of the twelve Apostles which shineth in the Church by which they preached the Crosse of Christ The Bishop representeth Christ making intercession for his Church and by the Staffe of his word knocking at the door of our hearts His compassing the Church three times and his three times knocking at the door signifie his three fold power in Heaven Earth and Hell And his threefold right or interest he hath in us to wit by Creation by Redemption and by the gift of life eternal promised to us The making of Greeke and Latine Letters with a Crosse on the Pavement with ashes shew that the Gentiles are made partakers of the Crosse of Christ but not the Jewes besides that the rudiments and alphabet of Christianity must be taught to the weaker sort the Oyle Salt Water Ashes and
passion is read in the Pulpit uncovered the dividing of Christs Garment is represented by the Sub-Deacons much adoration is given to the Crosse. Christs body is carried by two Priests to the Altar which body was consecrated the day before for on this day and on the holy Sabbath the Sacrament is not celebrated because the Apostles those two days were in great fear and sadnesse And so there is no divine office this Sabbath On this day the Agni Dei or Lambs of Wax are consecrated to defend those that carry them from Thunder and Lightning The Paschal Taper is also consecrated and the fire which was put out is renewed by new sparkes out of a flint to represent Christ the true Light of the world and that stone cut out of the mountain on the Taper being lighted are fastned five pieces of frankincense to represent the spices brought by the Women and Christs five wounds The Taper hath three things in it representing Christ. The cotton or week signifieth his Soul the wax his Body and the light his Divinity It also putteth the people in minde of the firie Pillar which went before the Israelites to Canaan The light of the Taper also signifieth both the light of the Gospel here and the light of glory hereafter The Lessons are read without title or tone the Fonts or Baptisteria are also blessed this day to shew that by Baptisme we are buried with Christ the Priest in consecrating the water toucheth it with his hand dips the Taper in it bloweth on it and mixeth the chrisme with it Baptisme is to be administred but twice a year to wit at this time and on the day of Pentecost except in case of necessity besides divers ceremonies used in Baptism the Priest bloweth three times on the Infant gives him chrisme and a white garment Four sorts are excluded from being witnesses in Baptism namely religious Persons Infidels such as are not confirmed a man and his wife together for becoming spiritual parents they are not to know one another carnally any more They say divers Letanies in Baptism Confirmation is done by the Bishop who anoints the child with chrisme on the forehead as the Priest had done on the crown of his head in Baptism The reason why the child is twice anointed with chrisme is because the holy Ghost was given twice to the Apostles once here on earth before Christs ascension and once from heaven in a fuller measure after Christs ascension By the first they received a new birth or regeneration by the second growth strength and perfection Therefore this Sacrament of confirmation is called by the Greek Fathers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 perfection or consummation The chrisme wherewith they are anointed is made and consecrated on the day of the Lords Supper because two days afore Easter Mary Magdalen anointed Christs head and feet The Priest must not confirme except by delegation from the Pope this belongs onely to the Bishop because it is an Apostolical Function and Bishops are the Apostles successors Confirmation is not to be given to those that are not baptized because the character of this Sacrament presupposeth the character of Baptisme Neither must children be confirmed till they be able to give an account of their faith Then the Bishop strikes the childe on the cheek with his hand to shew he must be content to suffer for Christ. On the holy Sabbath the Altars begin to be covered again Gloria in excelsis is sung the Bells are rung as preparatives for the Resurrection but before the Gospel incense is carried instead of light to shew that the light of the world was supposed to be yet in the grave by the women that went to embalme him And the Post-Communion is not sung to shew how the Apostles were silent when Christ was apprehended Q. 22. What be their other holy days which they observe A. The chief is the Feast of Easter in which their Churches Altars Crosses and Priests are cloathed in their best Ornaments nothing this day must be eat or drunk without the Priests benediction and signed with the Crosse. In Easter week the custome was in Salutations to say The Lord is risen and to answer thus Thanks be to God and then to kisse each other which custome is yet observed by the Pope to the Cardinals when he sayeth Masse this day The next Sunday to Easter is called Dominica in albis because they that are baptized on the holy Sabbath lay aside on this day their white Garments The second Sunday is called Expectationis the day of expectation or looking for the comming of the Holy Ghost On Easter day before Masse there is a solemn procession of the Priests cloathed in white singing the Resuâ—rection before whom are carried Tapers burning Crosses and Banners There are also Processions all the week after to the Fonts singing in imitation of the Israelites rejoycing for the drowning of their enemies in the read sea Baptism is the sea and our sins are our enemies every day also this week the Neophytes are led to the Church by their god-fathers and god-mothers with wax Tapers before them which on the next Sunday called in albis they offer to the Priests From the Octaves of Easter till Whitsunday are sung two Halellujahs every Sunday and one every working day to shew that the joyes of heaven are represented which the soul onely participates till the Resurrection and after that soul and body together which is a double Hallelujah every day iâ— Easter week hath its peculiar Epistle and Gospel mentioning the Resurrection of Christ and our happinesse in heaven to this same purpose hath every Sunday after Easter its peculiar Masse and service Rogation Sunday which is the fifth after Easter is so called from praying or asking for being Ascension day is neer and we cannot follow Christ corporally into heaven therefore we are taught to follow him by our prayers three days then before Ascension day are Rogations Letanies or prayers both for spiritual and temporal blessings the Letany used at this time is called the Lesser invented by Mamertus Bishop of Vienna in a time when Wolves and other wild Beasts had broke out of the woods and killed divers people the greater Letany was the invention of Gregory the first when Rome was afflicted with a great Plague caused by the poysonable breath of serpents on these Rogation daies there use to be processions with Crosses Reliques and Banners carried before singing also and praying for divers blessings among the rest for the fruits of the earth the Vigil or Eve of Ascension hath its proper Mass on Ascension day is a soleum procession on the Sunday after promises are read concerning the coming of the holy Ghost on Whitsun Eve Baptisme is celebrated as it was on Easter Eve for as we are dead with Christ iâ— baptisme so we are baptized with the Holy Ghost which was accomplished when he came down on the Apostles the Feast of Pentecost is kept seven
August he preached in India and then in Albania of Armenia where he was first â—leaed and then beheaded therefore some keep the Feast of his Excoriation others of his Decollation S. Iohn Baptists Decollation is kept the 29 of August his head hath been removed from divers places the Nativity of S. Mary is celebrated the 8 of September it was kept in heaven by the Angels so goeth the story long before it was observed by men here on earth the Romane Church celebrates no Nativities except that of Christs of his Mother and of his Forerunner The Exaltation of the Crosse is kept the 14 of September in memory of the Crosse recovered from Cosroes King of Persia by the Emperor Heraclius and by him carried in triumph into Ierusalem the Feast of S. Matthew the Apostle and Evangelist is on the 21 of September in remembrance of his suffering for Christ in Ethiopia where having planted the Gospel he was beheaded there S. Lukes day is on the 18 of October he was a Painter Physitian and Evangelist and the Disciple of Saint Paul the Feast of Simon and Iude is kept on the 28 of October these were brothers and sons to Mary Cleophas who married to Alpheus they had two brothers more to wit Iames the lesser and Ioseph called Barsaâ—as and sirnamed Iustus Simon was called Zelotes and Cananaeus from Cana of Galilee Iude was named 〈◊〉 and Lebeus Simon preacht in Egypt afterward he succeded Iames in the See of Ierusalem where he was crucified Iude preached to the Medes and Persians and suffered at Persis the first of November is dedicated to all the Saints because there be more then can have particular dayes assigned them The old Romans worshipped all their gods together in one Temple called Fantheon Christians held it fitter to worship all the Saints and Martyrs in the same Temple under the name of Saint Mary this Feast is ushered in with fasting the day before and backed with prayers for all souls in Purgatory the day after Saint Martin Bishop and Confessor is honoured the eleventh of November for his charity to the poor in parting with his own Garments to cloath them and for his humility in that he would dye on no other bed but on a heap of ashes this Feast hath its Vigil and Octave They thought that he should be thus honoured by men who had been honoured by Angels The thirtieth of November is Saint Andrewâ— day he preached in Scythia Achaia and other places thereabout and suffered death on a crosse his bones with those of Saint Luke were translated to Constantinople in the time of Constantine the second The sixth of December is for Saint Nicholas the Bishop famous for his charity boldnesse and constancy in the maintenance of Christianity They write that being an Infant he would never suck his Mothers brests but once on Wedensdays and Fridays The 21 of December is for Saint Thomas who preached to the Indians by their Idolatrous Priests was first shot with arrows and then thrust through with a lance as he was at his prayers Saint Stephen is celebrated the six and twentieth of December as he was the first Martyr so he deserved to be the first in the Kalendar the first Martyr is placed next to Christs Nativity to shew Christ was born that we might suffer and Christs Nativity here on earth was the cause of Stephens Nativity in Heaven Saint Iohn the beloved Disciple is honoured on the seven and twentieth of December He escaped miraculously first poyson and then burning oyle The eight and twentieth of December is for the Innocents who suffered in their Infancy by Herod for the Infant King of the Iewes Christ Jesus there are multitudes of Saints more who are placed in the Kalendar as Ambrose Bishop on December 7. Anselme Bishop April 21. Augustine Bishop August 21. Babylas Bishop Ianuary 24. Barbara the Virgin December 4. Barnabas the Apostle Iune 11. Basil Bishop April 26. Basil the Great Ianuary 1. Bernard Abbot August 20. Bonavâ—ntura the Cardinal Iuly 14. Three Bonifaces and three Katharines on several days Christopher Martyr Iuly 25. Clemens Pope and Martyr November 23. Saint Paul's conversion April 25. Saint Austins conversion May 5. Cyprian Martyr September 26. Dionyflus the Areopagiâ—e October 9. Epiphanius Bishop May 12. George Martyr April 24. Gregory the Great Pope March 12. Gregory Nazianzen Bishop May 9. Gregorius Thaumaturguâ— November 17. William Confessor February 10. Hierom September 30. Ignatius Bishop and Martyr Feburary 1. Ignafius Loyoâ—a Iuly 31. Iohannes Chrysostom Bishop Ianuary 27. Iohn Damascen May 〈◊〉 Ioseph Maries husband March 19. Irenaeus Martyr August 26. Iulianus Martyr Ianuary 9. Iustinus Martyr April 13. Landfrancus Bishop Iuly 3. Laurence Martyr August 10. Lewis King August 25. Mary Magdalen Iuly 22. Matthias Apostle February 24 Michael Arch-angel September 29. Narcissus Bishop October 29. Olaus King Iuly 29. Patrick Bishop March 17. Polycarpus Bishop Ianuary 26. Severinus Boethius October 23. Thomas Bishop December 29. Tomas Aquinâ—s March 7. Vigilius Bishop Iune 26. There are multitudes more in the Roman Kaâ—endar but these are the chiefe which I have culled out They have also holy days for some eminent Iewes as Daniel the Prophet c. For Angels also and for dedication of Churches which the Greeks call Eâ—coenia a custom borrowed from the Jews Q. 27. What Ornaments and Vtensils doe they use in their Churches dedicate to Christ and the Saints A. They have in them their reliques pictures images crosses also and crucifixes the images also of Angels which they paint with wings to signifie their swiftnesse and sublimity of their nature with white garments also to shew their purity The images of Christ and of the Saints are painted with the sunne beams about their heads to represent the glory they are in God the Father is represented like an old man because he is described by Daniel like the ancient of daies The Holy Ghost is painted like a Dove because in that form he appeared on Christ. They have Chalices not of Glasse because subject to breaking not of wood because that is porous and drinks in the liquor not of brasse nor copper because of the bad smell thereof and rust or canker but of silver or gold They have also candlesticks tapers and lamps which they burn to the Saints by day to shew they are not in darknesse but in light Their censers and incense represent Christ and the prayers of the Saints which like incense ascend before God these odors are burnt in their Churches both to expel bad vapors and to refresh the sences They have also their flaps or fans to drive away flies from the Chalice after the example of Abraham who drove away the birds from his sacrifice and to teach us that we should drive away all wandring thoughts when we pray Their Patinâ— and other vessels shining bright put us in mind how we should shine in out conversation The Corporal is the linnen cloath in
Temples of the Sun were built in Gardens Moloch also was the Sun for he is Melech that is King of the world to whose fight and power all things are obvious therefore the Egyptians represented him by a Scepter with an eye on it now this Moloch had on his forehead a pretious stone shining like Lucifer or the Sun 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith Theophylact. in Actâ— c. 7. and Cyril upon Amâ—s The Valentinian Hereticks by the word Abraxas meant the Sun as I have shewed for in this word are contained 365. which is the number of dayes the Sunne makes in the Zodiack And it is derived from Abrâ—ch Ab in Hebrew signifieth Father and Rech King in the 〈◊〉 tongue So they made the Sun Father and â—ing of the Universe he was also called Mithres which signifieth Lord as Ioseph Scaliger de â—mend temp l. 6. sheweth and â—lâ—ndian in thaâ— verse l. 1. de â—â—ilic Et vagae testatur volventem â—idera Mithram For they thought that Mithra or the Sun did regulate and govern the other starres and in the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is found the number of 365. dayes The Sun also was expressed by the name of Iupiter or juvans pater the Father that helps and supports all things therefore he was painted with Iupiters Thunder in his hand I know Iupiter is most commonly taken for the Heaven or Aire but I rather think that by this name was meant the Sun So when Virgil Ecl. 7. speaks thus Iupiter largo de scendit plâ—rimus imbre He means not that the Heaven comes down in rain but the Sun rather who by his heat elevated the vapors and by resolving them into rain may be said to come down in a showre So in another place Fâ—cundis imbribus aether conjâ—gis in laetae gremium descendit Geor. 2. There is also meant the Sun who is named Aether from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 shining or from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his constant race or motion By Mercury also was meant the Sun for he is Mercurius quasi â—edius curreâ—s keeping his Court in the middest of the Planets And Hermes from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 interpreting for by his light he expoundeth all daâ—k places He was painted with wings to shew the Suns swift motion He killed many-eyed Argus that is he puts out the light of the Stars which are as it were the eyes of Heaven Mercury is still painted young to shew that the Sun never groweth old or feeble he was pictured with three heads upon a four corner stone to shew the Sunnes three vertues of heat light and influence upon the four parts of the world or four seasons of the year He was held the god of Merchants because without light there can be no trading The Sunne also was worshipped by the Eastern Nations under the name of Bel Baal Belus Baal Samen or Baal-Shammajim that is Lord of the heavens by the old Celâ—es and Noâ—icks under the name of Belenus now Belus as Macrobius Sat. l. 1. â— 19. sheweth us is the same that Iupiter and Iupiter is the same that Sol as I have said and which Orpheus in Hym. ad Iovem confirmeth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. that is â—eautifull Iupiter the Sun generator of all things therefore the Sun is called by Plato in Phaedro 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. Iupiter the great Commanderâ—â— heaven driving his swift Charriot whom the Army of gods follow divided into twelve parts and Vesta alone stands immoveable in the Court of the gods he means the motion of the Sun and Starres through the 12. signes of the Zodiack and the Earth standing in the middle That under the name of Belenus was meant the Sun is apparent by the number of 365. which is found in the letters thereof answering the 365. dayes which the Sun finisheth in his annuall motion By Hercules also was meant the Sun as his name sheweth being 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the glory of the air his twelve labours are the twelve signes of the Zodiack through which he laboureth every year he is called Alcides from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 strength for like a strong gyant he rejoyceth to run his couâ—â—e Iuno endeavoured to obscure the glory of Hercules so doth the Air which the Poets called Iuno oftentimes obscure by clouds mists and vapors the glory of the Sun Hebe the Goddesse of Youth was Hercules his best beloved so is the Spring-time wherein in the youth of the earth is renewed the Suns lovely wife Hercules overthrew Geryon and rescued his Cattle so doth the Sun by destroying Winter preserve the beasts The Tenths of the Earths increase were offered to Hercules to shew their gratitude to the Sun for his heat and influence by which the earth â—ructifieth Hercules is noted for his fecundity for in one night he begot 80 sons this was to shew that generation and fruitfulnesse is from the Sun he was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the driver away of all evils and diseases by which was meant that grief of mind is driven away by the Sunnes light and infirmities of body by the Sunnes heat he is also much noted for his voracity in eating and drinking by which was signified the rapid heat of the Sun consuming the moysture of the earth and exhaling the Lakes and Brooks In the name also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is contained the number of 365 he was expressed also by Antaeus the gyant whose strength increased as he touched the ground but being lifted up from thence he grew weak so doth the sun begin to gather force when he is in his lowest declination and near the earth but when he is in his Apogaeum or highest elevation his strength begins to decay Pan also signified the Sun whom they painted with a red face horns and a long beard to shew the colour and beams of the Sun Pan was covered with a spotted skin so is the Sun covered in the dark with the sported or starry mantle of the night his wings and crooked staffe was to signifie the Suns swiftnesse and oblique motion in the Zodiack he was the god of shepherds and driver away of wolves therefore called Lycaeus and so was Iupiter the Sun by his heat and light is a friend to shepherds and their flocks who by his presence drives wolves and other wild beasts into their dens the perpetuall fire kept by the Arcadians in the Temple of Pan was to shew that the Sunne was the fountain of heat which stirs up Venery therefore Pan is described by his salacious nature the sunnes monethly conjunction with the Moon was expressed by Pan being in love with the Moon They meant also the sun by Bellerephon who by the help of winged Pegasus overcame Chimaera for the sun by the help of the winds overcometh the pestilentiall and infectious vapors of the air By Polyphemus also they meant the sunne which 〈◊〉 that great gyant
with one eye put out sometimes by mists and vapors arising out of the earth Endymion was the sun with whom the Moon is in love visiting him once every moneth Ianus also was the Sun who is keeper of the four doores of Heaven to wit East West North and South he hath two faces seeing as well backward as forward in one hand he hath a Scepter in the other a Key to shew that he rules the day and that he openeth it to us in the morning and shuts it in the Evening Ianus was the first that taughâ— men Religion and doubtlesse men became Religious and did acknowledge a Deity by beholding the Beauty Motion Power and Influence of the Sunne By Ianus was placed a Serpent biting his tail intimating that the sunnes annuall motion is circular beginning where it ends atque in se sua per vestigia labitur annus By Minerva also was meant the sunne as appears by the golden Lamp dedicated to her at Athens in which burned a perpetual light maintained with oil which not only shews the suns golden beams and inextinguishible light but also that oil as all other fruits are begot by his heaâ— for the same cause she was the inventer of Arts and sciences and held the Goddesse of Wisedome and Learning for by the moderate heat of the sunne the organs of the brain are so tempered and the spirits refined that all Arts by men of such temper have been found and wise actions performed she had a golden Helmet and a round Target the one signifying the colour the other the orb of the Sunne the Dragon dedicated to her signified the sunnes piercing eye as the Cock was dedicated to Minerva so he was to the sunne to shew that by these two names one Deity was meant no man could look upon her Target having Gorgâ—ns head in it without danger nor may any without danger of his eyes look upon the sunne The Athenians preferred Minerva to Neptâ—â—e because the benefits men have by the Sunne are greater than those they have by the Sea and that hot and dry Constitutions are fitter to make Scholars than cold and moist for the fire which Prometheus stole from the sun brought Arts to perfection The Image of Pallas was kept in Vesta's Temple where the sacred fire burned perpetually to shew that the sunne the â—ouâ—tain of heat and light is the same that Minerva who was called Pallas from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to signifie the shaking and brandishing of the Sun beams expressed also by the brandishing of the spear She had power to use Iupiters thunder and to raise storms to shew that thunder and storms are caused by the Suns heat she and Vulcan the god of Fire were worshipped on the same Altar to shew these two were but one Deity to wit the Sun who is the god of Fire which Homer also expressed by giving her a fiery Charriot and a golden Lamp holding out a beautifull light she made her self invisible by putting on the dark helmet of Orcus so is the Sunne to us when he is covered with mists clouds and vapours which arise from Orcus or the loweâ— parts of the earth and so he is invisible to us when he goeth under Orcus or our hâ—misphere By Nemesis the Goddesse of Revenge was also meant the Sun for he punisheth the sinnes of men by pestilence famine and the sword for he by his heat either raiseth infectious vapors or inflameth the blood burns up the fruits of the earth and stirreth up the spirits of men to strife and Waâ—â—es as Nemesis raised the humble and humbled the proud so doth the Sun obscure lucid bodies and illustrate obscure things The Aâ—gyptians to shew that the Sun and Nemesis were the same they placed her above the Moon By beautifull Tithonus also they meant the Sun who is the beauty of the world Aurora was in love with him and rejoyced at his presence it is the approach of the Sun that gives beauty lovelynesse and chearfulnesse to the morning Tithonus in Aurora's Charriot was carried to Ethiopia where he begets black Memnoâ— of her to shew that the Sun in the morning having mounted above our Hemisphere moves towards the South parts of the world where by his excessive heat in the Meridian he â—awns or blacks the Ethiopians Tithonus in his old age became a weak grashopper so in the Evening the light and heat of the Sun weakneth and decayeth to us By Castor and Polluâ— they signified the Sun and Moon the one that is the Sun being a Champiâ—â— subdueth all things with his heat the other to wit the Moon is a rider if we consider the swiftnesse of its motion they may be said to divide immortality between them because when the one liveth that is shineth the other is obscured and in a manner dead to us they ride on white horses to shew their light and motion They that will see more of the Sun let them read what we have written elsewhere in Mystagog Pâ—eâ—ico But besides what we have written there we now make it appear that the Sun was in a manner the onely Deity they worshipped for the honoâ—r they gave the Moon Fire Stars Air Earth and Sea was all in relation to the Sun as they are subservient to him and the many names they gave to the Moon as Minerva Vesta Vrania Luna Iuno Diana Isis Lucina Hecate Cybele Astarte Erthus were onely to signifie the different operations of the Sun by the Moon so that as Aristotle de mundo saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 God being One hath many names from his many effects which he produceth in the world The Sun then in regard of the seminall vertue generative facultie and desire of procreation which he gives to sublunary creatures for eternizing of their severall species is called Venus à venis from the veins and arteries for these also were anciently called veins in which are the blood and vitall spirits the proper vehicles of Venus or the seminal vertue of which the seed of generation is begot which the Prince of Poets knew when he said of Dido's Venereal love Vulnus alit venis Every Spring when the sunne returneth to us he brings this venereal faculty with him therefore he may be called Venus à veniendo from coming for he cometh accompanied every year in the spring with this generative desire which he infuseth in the creatures which the same learned Poet Geor. l. 2. acknowledgeth in these divine Verses Ver adeo â—râ—ndi nemorum ver utile silvis Veâ—e tument terrae genitalia semina poscunt Tum Pater omnipotens foeâ—undis imbribus â—ther Conjugis in gremium laetae descendit omnes Magnus alit magno commistus corpore foetus Avia tum resonant avibus virgulta canoris Et Venerem certis repet unt â—rmenta diebus Parturit omnis ager c. And in another place Geor. 3. he sheweth the reason why in the spring living
creatures are more prone to venery because the Sun infuseth then a moderate heat into the body Vere magis quia vere calor â—edit ossibus c. This venereal desire is by the Poets called Vrania and Olympia because it proceeds from heaven namely from the Sun the chief ruler in heaven And to shew that by Venus they meant the Sun as he is the God of love they speak of her in the Masculine Gender so doth Virgil Aen. 2. descendo ac ducente Deo flammam inter hostes They paint her with a beard hence Venns barbata to shew the sunne-beams They gave her the Epithets of the Sun in calling her golden Venus so doth Virgil Aen. 10. Venus aurea and by the Greek Poets 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and by the Eastern people she was called Baaâ—eth Shammajim the ruler of Heaven and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Phosphorus or Lucifer from the light of the sunne which Venus or the Moon borroweth So what Orpheus in Hymnis speaks of Venus is to be understood of the sunne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is thou procreates all things in Heaven in the fruitfull earth and in the sea or depth She is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fair haired to shew the beauty of the sunne-beams And Euripides in Phoeniss gives her 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a golden circled light by Cupid also was meant the sunne who was painted young with wings crowned with Roses and naked to shew the eternity swiftnes colour and native beauty of that great Luminary who may be called the god of love in that by his heat he excites love in all living creatures as is already said By Luna or the Moon they understood the sunne for though these be two different Planets yet in effect they are but one Luminary for the Moon hath her light from the sunne therefore she is called sometimes the sister sometimes the daughter of Phoebus she is painted with a Torch and Arrows and with Wings to signifie her motion and that her light and operations are originally from the sun As the Hawk was dedicated to the sun because of her high flying and quick fight so the Moon was represented by a white skinned man with an Hawks head for her whitenesse is not from her self but from the Hawks head that is the sun They held her to be both male female to shew that she is the sun in acting the Moon in suffering she receiveth her light and power from the sun in this she is passive she imparts this light and power to the inferior world in this she is active she is called Lucina also from this borrowed light and Diana from the divine qualities thereof for which cause Diana was held to bee the sister of Phoebus and Iuno from helping she was painted with beams about her face sitting upon Lions with a scepter in her hand by which was meant the Dominion she hath received from the sun and whereas they made the rain bow to attend upon Iuno they meant hereby that the sun makes the rain-bow therefore by Iuno they meant the sun So when they make Vulcan the son of Iuno they understand the sun for he by his heat causeth fire and not the Moon And so Mars the god of fire is said to be Iuno's son that is the sun for it is he that inflameth mens bloods and not the Moon They expressed the power of the sun over the sea and other waters by the names of Neptune Nâ—râ—us Glaucus Triton and other sea Deities When they would expresse his operations on the earth they gave him the names of Vesta â—ybele Bona dea c when they would shew his power under the Earth then they used the names of Orcus Pluto Proserpina Charon Cerberus c. Orcus is from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an oath because they used to swear by the sun Eâ—to mî sol testis ad haec conscia Iuno Aen. 12. and in another place Aen. 4. Sol qui terrarum flammis opera omnia lustras Pluto is from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wealth for all wealth both upon and within the earth is begot of the suns heat and influence When he is under our Hemisphere he is called the god of hell he is said to ravish Proserpina that is the seminal vertue of vegetables which in the Winter and the sun's absence lyeth hid in the bowels of the Earth his influence upon the corn and other seeds cast into the Earrh and causing them proserpere to creep out thence is called Proserpina Charon is from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 joy the sun is joyfull to us by his presence and as he is Phoebus or light of the world he is also joyfull to us by his absence and as he is Charon under the earth for then he permits the air to receive refrigeration by which all things are refreshed Cerberus is as much as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a flesh eater for aâ— all flesh is generated by the Sun so is all flesh consumed by the same Cerberus had three heads to shew that time which devoureth all things hath three heads one present the other past and the third to come now the Sun by his motion is the measurer of time in which respect he is called Cerberus and so he was represented by Saturn cutting down all things with his â—ickle for all things are consumed by time Tempus â—dax rerum tuque invidiosa vetustas omnia dellruitis By what we have said appears that the wise Gentiles did acknowledge but one Deity giving him divers names from his divers effects and operations This Deity was nothing else but the Sun as we have shewed whose power is diffused every where and nothing as David saith is hid from the heat thereof Iovis omnia plena saith Virgil Ecl. 3 all things are filled with Iupâ—ter and elsewhere he singâ— Gâ—or 4. that God runs through all the parts of the earth of the sea and of the heaven Deum namque ire per omnes terrasque tractusque maris coelumque profundum Aen. 6. And in his Divine Poem he sings that this spirit for so he calls the Sun and so did Solomon before him in the first of Ecclesiastes cherisheth Heaven Earth Sea Moon and Stars and that he diffuseth himself through all parts of the world and produceth Men Beasts Birds Fishes which he animates and foments Principio coelum at terram camposque liquentes Luâ—entemque gloâ—um Lâ—nae Titaniaque astra Spiritus intus alit totamque infusa per artus Mens agitat molem magno so corpore â—iscet Inde hominum pecudumque genus vitâ—que 〈◊〉 Et quae marâ—â—reo â—ert monstra sub aequâ—re Pâ—ntus Igneuâ— est ollis vigor â—oelestâ— origo c. But here it may be objected that seeing the Gentiles acknowledged the power and vertue of the Sun to be every where why did they devise so many pettie Deities I answer this multiplication of Deities was for
the honour to wear a long robe of Gold and Purple and on his head a Crown of Gold beset with Jewels The ancient Greeks also priviledged their Priests to wear Crowns whence they were called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Rome the Flamen Dialis or Iupiters Priest had this honour that his bare word had the force of an Oath and his presence was in stead of a Sanctuary if any guilty person had fled to him he was free that day from any punishment He had power to exercise Consular authority and to wear Consular garments and whereas none had the Honour to ascend the Capitol in a Sedan or Litter save onely the Pontiseâ— and Priests we see in what reverend esteem they were in old Rome and no lesse honour but rather more the Priests and Bishops of modern Rome have received from Christian Princes Among the Iews we find that Eli and Samuel were both Priests and Judges the Levites were as Justices and by their word used to end all strife Deut. 21. in Davids time 6000 of the Levites were Judges and after the captivity some of the Priests were Kings of Iudâ— 1. Chrom 23. in the Christian Church we see how at all times the Clergy hath been honoured in Scripture they are called Fathers Embassadours Friends of God Men of God Prophets Angels c. Tertullian L. de poeniten shews that in the Primitive Church Penitents used to fall down at the feer of their Priests and some write that they used to kisse their feet In what esteem the Bishops of Italy France Germany and Spain are now in and in England have been in is known to all that read the Histories of these Places In Moscovia the Bishops not onely are endowed with rich Revenues but also with great honours and priviledges and use to ride in rich apparrell and in great state and magnificence What respect the Great Turk giveth to his Mufti or High Priest and in what esteem he hath the Christian Patriarch of Constantinople is not unknown to those that have lived there or read the History In a word Religion flourisheth and fadeth with the Priests Ministers thereof it riseth and falleth floweth and ebbeth as they do and with Hippocrates Twins they live and die together so long as the Gâ—ntile Priests had any maintenance and respect left them so long their superstition continued in the Empire even under Christian Emperors but as soon as Theodosius took away their maintenance Gentilisme presently vanished and went out like the snuff of a Candle the tallow or oil being spent Q. 12. What Religion is most excellent and to be preferred above all others A. The Christian Religion which may be proved first from the excellent doctrines it teacheth as that there is a God that he is but one most perfect infinite eternall omniscient omnipotent absolutely good the authour of all things except sin which in a manner is nothing the Governour of the world and of every particular thing in it that Jesus Christ the son of God died for our sins and rose again for our justification c. 2. From the reward it promiseth which is not temporall happiness promised by Moses to the Iews in this life not sensual and beastly pleasures promised by the Gentile-Priests to their people in their Elysium by Mahomet to his followers in his fools Paradise but eternal spiritual immaculate and Heavenly felicity in the full and perpetual fruition of God in whose presence is the fulnesse of joy and at his right hand are pleasures for evermore such as the eye hath not seen nor the ear heard and cannot enter into the mind of man 3. From teaching the faith of the Resurrection which none of the Gentiles did believe and not many among the Iews for the Saduces denyed it onely Christianity believes it being assured thâ—t he who by his power made the great world of nothing is able to remake the little world of something neither can that which is possible to nature prove impossible to the aâ—thour of nature for if the one can produce out of a small seed a great tree with leaves bark and bougâ—s or a butterfly out of a worm or the beautifull feathered Peacock out of a mis-shapen egge cannot the Almighty out of dust raise our bodies who first out of dust made them 4. No Religion doth teach how God should be worshipped sincerely and purely but Christianity for other Religions consist most in sacrifices not of beasts and birds onely but of men also likewise in multitudes of unnecessary ceremonies whereas the Christian Religion thâ—weth that God is a spirit and will be worshipped in spirit and truth That outward Ceremonies are but beggerly rudiments That he will have mercy and noâ— sacrifice That thâ— sacrifice of God is a broken and contrite heart That he is better pleased with the circumcision of our fleshly lusts than of our flesh with the mortification of the body of sin than of the body of nature He caâ—eth not the flesh of Bulls nor drinks the blood of Goats but we must offer to him thanksgiving and must pay 〈◊〉 vows The best keeping of his Sabbath is rather to forbear the workâ— of sin than the works of of our hands and to wash our hearts in innocency rather than our hands in water The service he expects from us is the presenting of our bodies â—living sacrifice and holy which is our reasonable service No Religion like this doth teach us the true object of our faith and hope which is God of our charity which is our neighbour of temperance which is our selves of obedience which is the Law of prayer which is the Kingdome of Heaven and the righteousnesse thereof in the first place and then things concerning our worldly affairs in the second place no Religion but this teacheth us to deny our selves to forgive our enemies to pray for our persecutors to do good to those who hurt us to forget and forgive all injuries and to leave vengeance to God who will repay no Religion like this teacheth the conjugal chastity that ought to be between one man and one wife for other religions permit either plurality of wives or divorces upon light occasions or fornication amongst young people unmarried Crede mihi non est flagitium adolescentem scortari Terent or that which is worse and not to be named but Christianity forbids unchast talk immodest looks and even unclean thoughts Other Religions forbid perjury this swearing at all except before a Judge to vindicate the truth No Religion doth so much urge the mutual justice or duties that ought to be between masters and servants parents and children Princes and people and between man and man all these oppression extortion usury bribes sacriledge c. are forbid even all kind of covetousnesse and immoderate care but to cast ouâ— care upon God to depend on his providence to use this world as if we used it not to cast ouâ— bread upon the Waters to
or priviledge they had thrust out of the City so many godly people together with their wives and children not granting them any toleration for their Religion and had disinherited them of all they had To which they replyed That the time was now drawing nigh wherein the meek and the humble should inherit the earth and that they followed the example of the Israelites who with Gods approbation took away from the Egyptians their jewels and earâ—rings Moreover they boasted that Munster was well furnished with provisions ammunition and all things requisite to warre and that the King did daily expect great recruits out of Holland Zealand and other places by the means and assistance whereof he should bring the whole world under subjection all wicked refractory Princes being subdued should establish the peaceful reign of Justice About the same time another Prophet fell down from heaven one Henry Hilverse a notable â—nave This man acquainted the King that it was revealed to him from heaven that God was pleased to bestow on him three most rich Cities Amsterdam Daventry Wesell near Lippa Upon this Divine message he advises with his Counsellours whom he were best to send thither to baptise them with his baptisme In the first place he sends Iohn Campensis to Amsterdam to be the chiefest man in that City to whom he assigned for companion and co-Apostle Iohn Mathias of Metellburg These being sent into Holland issuing out of their holes kept themselves among those of their own tribe and infected most Cities with the mortal infection of their doctrines For at Leyden about Ianuary in the year following viz. one thousand five hundred thirty and five very many by the perswasion of Anabaptisme and by the means of its contagious Conventicles were baptized into the baptisme of death About the end of the year one thousand five hundred thirty and five this Kingly Botcher sent into Frisland a most subtle fellow and one very well experienced in warlike affaires whom he furnished with very great summes of money which had been raised out of the sacriledges wherewith he should raise souldiers in Zeland and should raise the close siege which was then before the City He being departed managed his affaires very secretly with the assistance of those of his way and at length upon the last of March one thousand five hundred thirty and five having gotten together some hundreds of souldiers he set upon the Monastery which also was called old Munster drove away the Monks and having plundered all he there pitched his tents out of hopes thereby to strengthen his party by the accession of any that should come in But Gâ—orge Sckenck the then Governour of Friesland having with as much expedition as could be got together certain expeditionary forces besieges these tumulâ—uary Rioters and gave an assault to the place which though they avoyded as much as might be by a gallant defence yet had they their belly-full of murther blood and dry blowes so that they were all destroyed save threescore and two who being brought to Leoward were paid for their audacious folly with the wages of death The Ringleader of this businesse who was also the Camp-master Iohn Geel escaping at this sight flies to Amsterdam to prove the occasion of a greater slaughter For many Anabaptists being found in that place whom Iohn Campensis had strangely fascinated to engage them the more they made promises to them of golden mountains and talk'd highly of the Magnificence and Liberty of the Anabaptists of Munster and cryed up the new kingdom of Iustice upon earth for the report of the siege and defence of Munster had smitten and raised up the mindes of a many in regard the City being closely besieged by a potent Army yet performed religious duties without any disturbance Hence câ—me it to passe that the Liberty and Liberality of the City was celebrated beyond all truth and beliefe and there wanted not a many who desired to be embarqu'd in the same Fortune There was therefore at Amsterdam a Burgher called Henry Gotbelit a strong man and warlikely given who being bathed in the waters of Anabaptisme joyned his endeavours with those of Iohn Goel For by divers pretences and crafty shifts which it is not worth our labour to repeat in this place they drew together six hundred Anabaptists with whose assistance their intention was to have possessed themselves of Amsterdam to enrich themselves and to introduce the Religion of those of Munster Whereupon upon the tenth day of May the chiefest that were engaged in this conspiracy having their Rendezvous at the house of Peter Gael broke out in the night time to the Market place wherein being more and more seconded by some of their own they killed some of the Watch and some they kept prisoners But the Burghers making head discharged some Musquets at the Anabaptists who most unworthily when their Consuls were cruelly killed entrusted their safety to their heels so that the others courages being heightened by this they violently ran upon the Deuterobaptists and after a most bloody engagement put them to the worst wherein Iohn Geel and Gotbelit were slain Iames Campensis was taken and put to death Now other Tumults had already forced others from those places the prevention whereof could not be possibly without the infinite inconveniences which fell upon the honester sort There wanted not also some clandestine vipers who disguisedly waited for the restauration of the kingdome of Israel as they called it whereof one being apprehended at Leyden and upon examination put to the question confessed That the King of the Anabaptists who was a Hollander sojourned then at Vtricht and had not yet began his reign but that according to the good hope they had conceived of him and the confidence placed in him they doubted not but he would undertake it Having with what 's above gotten out of this fellow that some gold and silver vessels and other ornaments had by a most wicked surprise been taken out of their Churches by the means of their King and who with his followers had attempted some most detestable villanies it was discover'd that there could no other be meant ther David George I crave thy pardon courteous Reader if I acquaint thee that it is not any thing the lesse for thy advantage if in the description of these rotten anâ— contemptible rags and menstruous clouts of humanity I have woven a longer web of discourse then thou didst expect Although Iohn Buckhold and the other Prophets had entertained the ignorant greedy vulgar with hopes of more then Arabian wealth yet the citizens being daily more and more streightned by the siege were accordingly brought into greater perplexities and being brought low by the famine which is the consummation of all misery began as it for the most part happens upon the barking of the stomack to snatle at one another to grumble and complain and to hold private consultations about