THE HISTORY OF ALL RELIGIONS In the World From the Creation down to this Present Time In Two Parts The First containing their THEORY and the other relating their PRACTICES Each divided into Chapters by the several Heads or Common Places of Divinity Viz. The Object of Religious Worship the Place the Time the Persons Officiating the Manner and the Parts of Worship c. With Various INSTANCES upon Every Head To which is added A Table of HERESIES AS ALSO A Geographical Map Shewing in what Countrey Each Religion is Practised Written in a different Method from anything yet published on this Subject By William Turner M. A. and Vicar of Walberton in Sussex Every man unto his God What meanest thou O sleeper arise call upon the God Jon. I. 5 6. LONDON Printed for Iohn Tunton at the Raven in Jewen-street And are also to be sold by Edm. Richardson in the Upper Court in Scalding-Allay near the Poultrey-Church 1695. TO THE Right Reverend Father in God ROBERT Lord Bishop of Chichester My Lord IT cannot be improper certainly for one of your Clergy to make an Address of this Nature to your Lordship and upon a Religious Theme too If the Office be any one 's 't is yours upon Approbation to vindicate as it lies in your way the honest Essays and Exercises of those which are under your Discipline Permit it to go into the world under your Lordship's Name and leave all the Defects and Imperfections upon the Author's Score 'T is enough to me if the Substance of it be pretty tolerable We are no Angels but a kind of degenerate Spirits dress'd up in Flesh and Blood and acting here a while according to those Organs and Faculties and Advantages we are supplied with in the Service of our Great Creator and Redeemer My Lord Upon a Survey of all Churches in the World I think we of this Church and Nation are as happy as any People under the Sun except only in one thing that we neither Know nor Value our own Happiness A Vertigo and Spirit of Giddiness hath possessed the Nation of late years which makes our Heads turn round upon our Shoulders and our Hearts unquiet and discontented within us We have Excellent both Doctrine and Worship and as good a Class of Bishops and Clergy and as much Learning Piety and Prosperity as any Church within Ken. Notwithstanding would to God a Pencil were drawn once more over those Lines which administer any Occasion of Objection that if possible our Light may shine clearer and our Beauty be more inviting to all Beholders and our Lustre so convictive to our Adversaries that we may have no Occasion of Disputing but the Comfort and Praise of Believing and Living and Loving like Christians May your Lordship go on as you have begun to preside over this Diocess with a Gravity of Admonition Exemplariness of Conversation and Integrity of Discipline till it shall seem good to the Almighty who placed you here to remove you hence either to Heaven or a Better Station upon Earth Which is the hearty Prayer of My Lord Your Obedient Son and Humble Servant W. Turner TO THE READER THat I may satisfy a little the inquisitive humour of the Age we live in I have somewhat to say upon the design of this Book partly for my own Vindication in the Writing of it and partly for the encouragement of others in the reading it 'T is too well known that the Variety which appears in Religion hath contributed no small matter to Scepticism and Atheism and Impiety in the World but by vertue of what Argument I know not for I am confident had men but a full prospect of the Case and would use their Brains to purpose and pause soberly upon the whole Scheme and compare one Religion with another they would find themselves in a short time straitn'd with this Dilemma that they must be Religious or singular in the World they must betake to some Church or other for Sanctuary or turn out of the common Society with Man-kind And to be of no Religion at all is the ready road to the storms of Conscience the reproaches of the World and the indignation of Heaven A perfect Atheist is fit for no place here but Bedlam If they find a necessity of being Religious here 's their choice All the Religions in the World met together at a general Rendezvous let them be examin'd fairly impartially freely and fully we fear no Muster Christianity is Examination-proof And as for the subordinate Sects and Branches 't is divided into neither will that make any terrible Objection the Essence is the same in every part 'T is true Blood runs through all the Veins all the Members of the Man are Human tho some are weaker than others some more distempered than others here a Scab and there an Impostume or Gout or Cramp or Palsy or something to make an apparent difference and distinguish it from the rest If Men had but half as much Skill in Spirituals as they have commonly in telling Money and discerning Coyns or in chusing Cattle and buying Lands the best Religion in the World would not go so long a Begging as it doth But this is not all I am to tell the Reader that I have not Cited all my Authorities that would have been a Task with a witness in such a work as this is for 't is all Collection from the beginning to the end but I was not very incurious in my Reading Some Authors I have been a gross Plagiary to where they served for my purpose particularly Dr. Cave in his Primitive Christianity and Mr. Râ—câ—ut and the Reverend Dr. Addison c. whose writings I have squeez'd into an Epitome and prevail'd with them to speak in my Method and Order tho for the most part in their own words and I hope I shall never be charged with Felony for what I have done The particular uses which the following Tables may serve to are many The Ingenious Reader will start some not contemptible Notions all the way he goes I will suggest none but leave every man to improve his Intellectuals as well as he can And if what I have done may do any good to any one Reader I shall not be more unhappy than some others that have writ before me Read with Candor and excuse my Defects with what Alleviations the Case is capable of and I am sure if thou art not wanting to thy self here are Materials enough to build some excellent Meditations upon Had I had the freedom of access to a good Library and more leisure from my necessary Cares and Business I had done better but 't is such as was consistent with my Orb and no Wise man will expect more I have only one thing more to request before I conclude and that is that as I am my self as Catholick in my both Faith and Charity as Catholicism is Lawful and Commendable so I would to God our Western Christians would take a full
Gold Coins Pictures and Statues to be represented as a Person Praying with Hands spread abroad and Eyes lift up to Heaven Dr. Cave Mr. Ignatius Jurdaine Merchant was wont for many years even to old Age Winter and Summer to rise between two and three a clock to his private Devotions continuing there till six and then proceeded to Family-Duties Clark Myconius sending in a Letter to Luther that he was Sick not unto Death but unto Life Luther wrote to him again that he prayed that he and others his Friends might survive him and that he might not be left alone with his dry exhausted and wearied Body to combat with Devils here below Hoc peto hoc volo fiat voluntas mea Amen which accordingly came to pass for Myconius recovered of his Consumption and lived six years after Insomuch that Justus Jonas saith of Luther Potuit quod voluit Fuller 's Lives Persians The Persians never undertake any thing but they pronounce the Bismilla in the name of God and sometimes say Behnam ohuki namesch herez Tzanehafr i. e. in his Name who is the Refuge and Protection of Souls They express a great Attention and Devotion in their Prayers I have seen them in their Metschid at Ispahan when they had their Eyes so fastened on the Ground or lift up to Heaven that they would not take any notice of one D. of Holst Emb. Trav. p. 279. Mahometans The Mahometans or Infidels of Indostan or East-India whatever Impediments they have at home or abroad they constantly Pray five times every day viz. at six nine and twelve in the Morning and three and six in the Afternoon The Mogul the Prince himself does so and the meanest Shepherd that waits on his Flock in the Field and if they can they perform their Devotions in their Moschits or Churches Most go to Prayers every day at least to those of Noon Quindy and Akscham A Mahometan told a Reverend Divine of England Resident of the Great Mogul's Court There was said he a most Devout Mussel-man who had his Habitation in a great City where Mahomet was zealously professed who for many years together spent his whole days in the Mosquit not minding the World at all so that this Family was become very Poor ready to Famish He leaves them one morning in this low Condition takes a solemn Leave of his Wife and Children resolving for his part to go and Pray and Dye in the Mosquit if no Relief came and leaving his Family to Famish at home But that very day there came to his House a beautiful young Man as he appeared who gave to his Wife a considerable quantity of Gold bound up in a white Napkin telling her that God had now remembred her Husband and sent him his Pay for his Constant Pains in Devotions c. Her Husband at his return at night brought nothing but a little Grit or Sand which he opened to shew and it was all turned into precious Stones c. the seventh part of which he gave to the Poor for said he a Musselman is very Charitable Adding If we do not forget God he will not forget us This Story seems Incredible but 't is related by the nameless Author of Indost and E. Ind. The Moors about Fesse in the beginning of any Labour or Journey looking up to Heaven with a low Voice say Bismillah i. e. in the Name of God Morden In passing by one another they say Salem alleque Peace be with thee at the hearing of one Sneeze God be your Keeper Idem The Moors Pray five times a day first about Noon second about three a clock third at Sun-set fourth a little within Night fifth a little before day in Winter Idem When the Mahometans mount on Horse-back Play or Eat they say Bismillah M. de Thev In some parts of Cathay the Monks Pray on strings full of Nut-shells Rosse Chinese Papists Persians and Muscovites in Praying use Beads though not all nor always The more Puritanical sort of Turks have a Tesbuch a kind of Chaplet or String of Beads consisting of 99 Beads upon each of which they repeat certain words out of the Alcoran Tavern In Ceylon also they pray on Beads Rosse Gaurs The Gaurs when they pray tye a Handkerchief about their Mouths as if they were afraid their words should mix with the Air and receive any impurity M. Tavern l. 4. c. 8. Persians The Persians cannot say their Prayers when they have any Gold about them Idem l. 5. c. 10. and therefore they never wear Jewel or Ring of Gold because it would be troublesome to pull 'em off and lay them up so many times a day Muscovites They in their Prayers consider the Virgin Mary the Evangelists Apostles and an infinite number of other Saints not only as simple Intercessors as the most intelligent affirm but also as Causes and Co-operators of their Salvation There is no Muscovite but gives his Saints and their Images the honour due only to God D. of Holst Ambass Trav. Abyssines They pray for the dead e. g. Remember Lord the Souls of thy Servants and our Father Abba Matthew and the rest of our Fathers Abba Salama and Abba Jacob c. And again Remember Lord the Kings of Ethiopia Abreha Atzbeha Caleb and Gebrak Meschah c. Release O Lord our Fathers Abba Antony and Abba Macarius c. From whence it may be fairly Justified That they admit Purgatory which yet in words they constantly deny But through Simplicity and Ignorance they are not constant to themselves for at another time they implore the Intercession of the same Souls Job Ludolph Armenians The Armenians pray not for the dead imagining that 'till the general Day of Doom they are without either Joy or Torment Sir Tho. Herb. So soon as the Armenians discover the Mountain Ararat they kiss the Earth and lifting up their Eyes to Heaven say their Prayers M. Taver Book 1. c. 4. Calvinists Corderius taught his Scholars to pray twice or thrice every day besides their Prayers at rising in the Morning and lying down at Night and also constantly at Meat And moreover advised them sometime to retire by themselves to secret Prayer Corder Collo Papists Margaret of Valois not long since Queen of France built her a Chapel provided her Chaplains and large Endowments for them that so perpetually day and night every hour successively without intermission by some one or other there might intercession be made to God for her unto the World's end a thing which her self had little thought of in her life-time as having other business to think on Mr. John Hales Formosa After the Priesttesses Juibs have fed heartily on the Offerings they proceed to Prayer which is long joyned with several distracted motions of the Eyes 'till falling to the ground they make dreadful cries and shrieks then lye immoveable on the ground extended saying in this posture the Gods communicate their mind to them then they get up to the top of the
services be accursed always without effect or success and blown away like Dust May they have the Curses of the Holy and Righteous Patriarchs Abraham Isaac and Jacob of the 318 Saints who were the Divine Fathers of the Synod of Nice and of all other Holy Synods And being out of the Church of Christ let no man administer unto them the things of the Church or bless them or offer sacrifice for them or give them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the blessed bread or Eat or Drink or Work with them And after Death let no man bury them in penalty of being under the same state of Excommunication For so let them remain until they have performed what is here written Paul Ricaut Esq Abissine A Form of Excommunication among the Abissines And let him be accursed by Addirion and Actariel by Sandalpkon and Hadarmel by Ansiciel and Patchiel by Seraphiel and Zeganzael by Michael and Gabriel and by Raphael and Meschartiel and let him be interdicted by Trantzeviv and Haweheviv He is the great God and by the seventy names of that great King and on the behalf of Tzortak the great Ensign-bearer c. Job Ludolph l. 3. c. 5. They as the Jews think to tertify with uncouth and harsh words Idem Mr. Ross saith that in answer to the Degrees of Excommunication among the Jews the Greeks had their 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. ' 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Latins had their 1. Abstenti 2. Excommunicati 3. Anathemata N. B. Mr. Ricaut tells us that among the Greeks Excommunication is granted upon light occasions and is either expressive of the party with his name and condition or indenfinite of any person guilty of such crime Yet it is of high esteem and dread among them For they relate as sad and various stories of Judgments befallen the Excommunicated dying so as if they were still nourished in the Coffins and haunted the Countries as we do of witches Apostates are not received into the Church among the Greeks unless they have first sought it earnestly with tears and signifyed their desire by forty days fasting with bread and water and continual prayer night and day Those few Christians that after Apostasy to Turcism return do confess with extream danger of dying for it P. Ricaut Esq Western Christians In England we have several degrees or kinds of Censures as 1. Minor Excommunicatio exclusion from the Lord's Supper 2. Major Excommunicatio exclusion from the Society of Christians not only in spiritual duties but in temporal affairs and this if it continue 40 days is pursued with the King 's writ de excommunicato capiendo and then to prison without bail 3. Anathematismus for obstinate Heresy done by the Bishop Dean and Chapter 4. Interdictum a prohibition of all Divine offices Christian burial sacraments c. 5. Publick Penance the delinquent standing in the Church-Porch with bare head bare feet in a white sheet and a white rod in his hand c. See more in the present state of England part 2d Creeds Modern Jews Art 1. I Believe with a true perfect faith that God is the Creator whose name be blessed Governor and Maker of all Creatures and that he hath wrought all things and shall work for ever Art 2. I believe with a perfect faith that the Creator whose name be blessed is one and that such an unity as is in him can be found in no other and that he alone hath been our God is and for ever shall be Art 3. That the Creator is not Corporeal nor to be comprehended with any bodily properties and that no bodily essence can be likened to him Art 4. That the Creator is the first and last and that nothing was before him and that he shall last for ever Art 5. That the Creator is to be worshipt and none else Art 6. That all the words of the prophets are true Art 7. I believe with a perfect faith that the prophecies of Moses our master may he rest in peace were true that he was the Father and Chief of all the wise men that liv'd before him and shall live after him Art 8. That all the law which at this day is found in our hands was delivered by God himself to our master Moses God's peace be with him Art 9. The same law is never to be chang'd nor any other to be given us of God whose name be Blessed Art 10. That God whose Name be Blessed understands all the Thoughts and Works of Men As it is Written in the Prophets He fashions their Hearts alike he understands all their Works Art 11. That God will recompence good to those that keep his Commandments and will Punish those who transgress them Art 12. That Messiah is yet to come and although he retard his coming yet I will wait for him till he come Art 13. That the Dead shall be restored to Life when it shall seem fit to God the Creator whose Name be Blessed and Memory Celebrated world without end Amen The Creed Dr. Addison presents us with out of Sepher Ikkarim or Book of Fundamentals put in writing by Moses Ben Maimon a Corduba Jew A. D. 1104. And tho not set down in their Service-Book yet they begin their Mattins with it and utter it with a hollow tone different from the other Service Christians I Believe in God the Father Almighty maker of Heaven and Earth And in Jesus Christ his only Son our Lord Who was Conceived by the Holy Ghost Born of the Virgin Mary Suffered under Pontius Pilate Was Crucified Dead and Buried he Descended into Hell The third day he rose again from the Dead He ascended into Heaven And sits on the Right Hand of God the Father Almighty From thence He shall come to Judg the Quick and the Dead I Believe in the Holy Ghost The Holy Catholick Church The Communion of Saints The Forgiveness of Sins The Resurrection of the Body And the Life Everlasting Amen This is commonly ascribed to the Apostles as the first Compilers but by general Confession and Testimony of Ecclesiastical Writers is very Antient Saving that those words He Descended into Hell are not of so old a Date the first place it being found in being the Church of Aquileia in the Fourth Century Dr. Pearson Gaurs 1. I Believe in God maker of the World 2. That he sent Ebrahim zer-ateucht his Prophet Son of Azer a Carver by Trade and Doghdon who upon the appearance of an Angel overspreading her Face with a Celestial Light Conceived the Prophet aforesaid 3. That the Birth of this Child was known by Astrologers and told to the King Nebrout who thereupon caused all the Women with Child through all his Domininions to be slain 4. That this Child laugh'd so soon as he was Born because he was to Triumph in the Hearts of the People 5. That the Father in fear confessed to the King the King going about to slay the Child with a Sword his
the God of Sheperds Averruncus who kept Corn from smut Agonius Priapus Proteus Aeolus Momus Hebe Carmenta c. Mali Genii Furiae Parcae 3. Ridiculous things Birds Beasts Fishes Serpents Elements Plants the Devil himself nay St. Hierom saith the Pelusiani worshiped Crepitum Ventris and the Egyptians Priapum or Penem 4. The Vnknown God to whom they built an Altar at Athens lest whilst they gathered so many Gods together they should leave out any Varro computed to the number of 30000 Gods In Scripture are mentioned 1. The Golden Calf i. e. The Egyptians Apis. 2. Teraphim i. e. Talismanical Engines 3. Moloch The Amonites Saturn 4. Baal i. e. The chief Idol viz. of Phoenicia 5. Adramelech and Anamelech of Sepharvaim 6. Ashâ—troth the Sidonians Moon or Queen of Heaven Jer. 7.44 7. Dagon the Philistines Jupiter 8. Succoth Benoth the Babylonians Venus 9. Nergal a Fire which the Persian Magi kept in honour of the Sun continually 10. Rimmon the chief Idol of Damascus 11. Nebo a God of the Chaldeans 12. Amisa Nisroch Nibchaz Thamuz Modern Heathen In China a Three-Headed Idol Some call him Chin-hoan In Guinea and the East-Indies they greet the New-Moon with horrible roarings and strange Gestures of Adoration Also they worship a Bird called Pittoie spotted as with Stars and crying like a Bull. Also the Devil The Chingulaes in Ceilon worship at this day 1. Ossa Polla maupt Dio the Creator of Heaven and Earth 2. Buddou the Saviour of Souls who went to Heaven from Pico Adam a high Mount where they shew the print of his foot 3. Gerehah i. e. the Planets Nine in Number reckoning the Dragon's Head and Tail 4. Devils In the North of Lapland they worship the Sun Moon and Devils and whatsoever they see first at break of day c. In Indolstan the Bramins describe their God with a thousand Hands Eyes and Feet The Hindoes believe God to be Omnipotent that he can cause Rain Thunder c. That he needs not to be prayed to Many Indians a Cow Apis Some Elephants Horses c. The great Prophets of the Hindoes are Peremael and Westnon viz. Bremaw Breman Ram Permiver Of the Chinese Confucius Of the Persees Zortoose Zoroaster In Persia are still Guehers who worship the Fire some call them Gaurs The Bannians use a tripartite Thread hung about their Neck to denote the Trinity Sir Th. Herbert Diabolical The Magicians Witches Conjurers c. worship the Devil professedly who appears to them often in divers Shapes viz. 1. Of a black Man c. 2. A black Dog 3. A Cat. 4. A Rat. 5. A Hedg-hog 6. A black Toad 7. A Fly c. as may be seen in the several stories related by Glanvil c. 8. In shape of a Goat Delrius 9. Sometimes in disguise of an Angel of Light as in the case of Dr. Dee under divers feigned Names as Madisni Vriel Gabriel c. Dr. Dee's Actions with Spirits I love you said one of the Spirits to Dr. d ee now you talk of God ibid. 2. Places of Divine Worship Jewish 1. THeir own Houses Hills and Groves Gen. 22.2 2. A Tabernacle which was 1. Moveable 2. Temporary to signifie the Church Militant 3. A Temple fixt and permanent to signifie the Church Triumphant wherein consider 1. It s Site viz. 1. On Mount Sion 2. On Mount Moriah 3. On Mount Calvary in opposition to the dark Groves of the Heathens 2. Consider its parts First the Atrium or Court 1. Of the Priests where was 1. The brazen Altar 2. Lavers to wash the Priests Sacrifices 2. Of the People or outward Court or Solomon's Porch built about with Porches for rainy Weather This was after Solomon's time divided into 1. The Mens Court Here was an Ascent with steps where the Songs of degrees were sung 2. The Womens Court here was the Corban inscribed with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the initial Letters of Prov. 21.14 or the like 2. The Sanctuary where was 1. The Incense Altar in the middle sprinkled once yearly by the High Priest 2. The Tables with the twelve Leaves and Candlesticks 3. The Holy of Holies wherein consider 1. The Contents 1. The Pot of Manna 2. Aaron's Rod. 3. The Tables of the Testament 2. The Cover the Propitiatory or Mercy-seat overlaid with Gold at each end whereon stood a golden Cherub with Wings stretched out from between which as from an Oracle God gave Answers 4. Synagogues Parish-Churches Here was Praying and Preaching Men apart from Women 480 in Jerusalem Some add Prosâ—uchae Christian 1. Houses upper Rooms Acts 1.13 Acts 2.46 1 Cor. 11.18 20. Sometimes Woods and Forrests and Caves for 200 years or more Vid. Origin contra Cels l. 4. Arnob. l. 3. 2. Temples wherin consider 1. The Form oblong like a Ship Const Apost 2. The Situation Eastward generally Tertul. 3. The Parts 1. Vestibulum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Porch adorned sometimes with Cloisters Cisterns Fountains of Water Marble Pillars for Penitents 2. Narthex the lower part next the great Door 3. Navis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 here stood the Ambo or Pulpit where the Scriptures were Read or Preached Also Pastophoria the Pews 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Chancel separated from the body of the Church by Rails cancelli only for those who were in Holy Orders Only at C. P. the Emperors were permited to enter there to offer and so back again Here were 1. the Altar anciently of wood 2. the Bishop's Chair or Throne at the upper end 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the presbyters seats on each side the Throne 5. Adjoyning to the Chancel on each side were 1. Diaconicon the Sacresty or vestry for vessels and garments 2. Prothesis where preparation was made for the Sacraments and the offerings laid up Note The Abyssins Temples are dark as the Jewish Synagogues for devotion Absis was the upper part of the Quire where penitents by immposition of hands were absolved Note 1. The Temples were at first plain afterwards peace and plenty coming in more cost was bestowed 2. No Images in the Temples for 400 years at least The Council of Illiberis forbad pictures in the Church And Epiphanius finding a picture in the Church of Anablatha rent it and gave it away for a winding sheet 3. The Altar was placed commonly at the East end but at Antioch VVestward say some Others that it was in the midst of the Church divided with rails from the rest called Presbyterium because appointed chiefly for the Priests drawn with curtains at certain times of the Divine service Bishop Jewel out of Chrysost August Euseb Mahometan Mosches or Meldgid called also Dgemii for the most part four square but larger in length then breadth with three Balls and an Half Moon on the Tower The Parts 1. A Portico 2. A Minaret or Tower by the side with a Balcony all round on the Top. 3. The Body very plain with 4 bare walls Only a Niche on the South wall
Bishop who together with the Congregation falling down and making Confession on their behalf raised them up and laid his hands upon them and they departed with the Catechumens 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Such as stayed with the Congregation and joined in Prayer and Singing but not in the Sacrament Yet they were afterward Advanced to be 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Faithful Communicants who had been Baptized Confirmed and admitted to the Lord's Supper having approved themselves by the long train of a stricct and pious Life Mahometan Only Men for they permit not Women to enter the Mosques lest they should distract Men from their Devotion And besides They do not believe that Women go to Heaven and hardly account them rational Creatures Yet in some Mosques they have Apartments by themselves with a kind of Pannels of Plaister as high as the Cieling with holes through M. de Thevenot Every Busurman is bound to resort to Prayers five times daily except he have some lawful impediment and if not yet at one to be well washed to which purpose they have innumerable Bathes in Turkey Purchas Only the chief sort on the Week-days the Poor being excused not so on Fridays Id. The Women enter not the Mosques but on Fridays at Nine a Clock or at Easter and then in a Terass apart where they may see and not be seen except the Wives and Mothers of the Chief of the place They abide there 'till Mid-night continually Praying with strange Motions and strong Cries Idem Ancient Heathen Let not a Woman enter into the publick Temples who hath been caught with an Adulterer Demosth Orat. contra Neeram Hither likewise may be referred the Remark made before viz. That all Irreligious and Prophane Persons were driven away with a Procul este profani c. Modern Heathen Among the Modern Heathens though it be difficult to give a particular Account because of their multitude and variety yet it is easie to conclude That their Assemblies are made up of their respective Priests and Officers and People In Mexico and Peru are Priests Officers Boys and Virgins trained up for the Service of the Temple and living upon the Revenues of the Temple and these in some places many in number together with the common People Purchas out of Acosta c. Amongst these some are under Instruction some Penitents some Confessors Men and Women Confessors c. Idem Diabolical The Witches Tried at Salem in New-England 1692. affirmed That they form themselves into Assemblies much after the manner of the Congregational Churches consisting of Officers and People c. Cotton Mather 12. Times of Worship 1. Weekly or Monthly Jewish 1. THE Sabbath or Seventh-Day It began at Six a Clock the Night before Observe 1. The Preparation which began at Three a Clock in the Afternoon called the Sabbath-Eve by the Evangelists 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Ancient Fathers Coena pura It was proclaimed formerly by Trumpets of late by Sextons On this Day it was unlawful 1. To go above a quarter of a Days Journey three Parsath whereof Ten make a Days Journey 2. For Judges to sit on Causes upon Life and Death 3. For Tradesmen to work Except Shoomaker Except Taylers Except Scribes And they only half the Day The Wealthiest did help to forward Business 2. The Sanctification Herein they were so Superstitious that 1. Some Jews at Tiberias began the Sabbath sooner because dwelling in a Valley the Sun appeared not so soon to them as to others Others at Tsepphore a City upon a Mount kept the Sabbath longer because the Sun continued longer 2. They would dress no Meat on this Day 3. Nor Kindle any Fire 4. Nor roast an Apple chop an Herb climbe a Tree resist an Enemy and on this account became a Prey to their Enemies in the times of Antiochus and Pompey 2. Mondays in remembrance of Moses's returning from Mount Sinai Thursdays in remembrance of his going up to the Mount for the Law 3. New Moons the first Day of every Month commonly On this Day they 1. Heard the Word 2 Kings 4 23. 2. Abstained from Merchandise 3. Offered Sacrifices Numb 28.11 Christian 1. Saturday the Jewish Sabbath was in great Veneration especially in the Eastern parts honoured with all the publick Solemnity of Religion out of compliance with the Jews who were loath to part with it On this Day were publick Prayers reading the Scriptures celebration of the Sacraments Vid. Athan Hom. de Sement Idem Hist. Eccle. l. 6. c. 8. Fasts were prohibited on this Day Ordinary Works allowed yet so as might consist with their publick Worship for the Lord's Day was still preferred before it V. Athan. Hom. de Sem. Synod Laod. can 29. But in the West it was kept as a Fast yet at Milan as a Festival for St. Ambrose dined on no other Days in the Week but Saturday and Sunday Yet at Rome out of compliance with the Custom there Fasted as they did Aug. ad Janu. Ep. 118. Probably the reason of keeping this Day East was the Opinion which the Ancients had viz. That the Apostles Fasted on Friday and Saturday The Council of Illiberis Ordained That the Saturday-Festival was an Error Can. 39. which ought to be corrected and kept as a Fast 2. Sunday so called by Justin Martyr and Tertullian and in the Imperial Edicts of the first Christian Emperors Afterwards the LORD's Day 1. On this Day they stood at Prayers to put them in mind of Christ's Resurrection from the Grave and their own from Sin V. Justin M. Tertul. ex Ireneo The Council of Nice required a constant Uniformity in it 2. They deposited somewhat for the use of the Poor 3. All of us that live in City or Country meet together in one place Just M. Three Days absence from Church was punished with Suspension from Communion Con. Ill. Separate Assemblies Anathematized V. Conc. Gang. can 4.5 Conc. Antioch c. 5. 4. In times of Persecution they met before Day Plin. Ep. ad Traj They had Nocturnal Convocations Tertul. ad Vx Christians therefore called in scorn a Skulking Generation Min. F. 5. Kept in with great Expressions of Joy Fasting accounted unlawful Tertul. de Coron Constantine and Theodosius M. Jun. c. Forbad Courts of Judicature Suits at Law demanding Debts all publick Shews pleasures of all Sights opening of the Theatres his own Birth-Day or Inauguration on the Lord's Day 2. Wednesday and Friday Vid. postea Mahometan Friday the Mahometan-Sabbath because on that Day Mahomet was Proclaimed King or Emperor and solemnly so Created and withal to distinguish his Fellowers from the Jews and Christians They call this Sabbath of theirs Glumaagun Others say Mahomet was born on this Day Ancient Heathen The Ancient Heathens Greeks and Romans had no Weeks but divided their Months into 3 parts the Greeks into so many Decads the Romans into Kalends Nones and Ides The Kalends of every Month were dedicated to Juno On the Kalends of every
1. Pythagereans 2. Peripateticks 3. Cynicks 4. Stoicks 5. Platonicks 6. Epicureans Whose particular Sentiments in Religion see afterwards Modern Heathens Are likewise diversisied according to the number of Countries where they inhabit Tribes or Castes and sometimes Families and Persons 1. In respect of Countries Into 1. Laplanders c. 2. East-Indians and they again according to the Provinces 1. Ceilon 2. Lahors 3. Goa c. 4. America c. 2. In respect of Tribes or Castes as in all in the East Indies 84 agreeing in the same Religion but each having a several Trade and Ceremonies 1. Bramens who profess Doctrine and so do their Children 2. Catry or Raspoutes who profess Arms and their Children the same 3. Soudr or Courmi Ruddery Tillers of the Ground tho some carry Arms. 4. Ouens or Banians all Merchants Bankers c Anciently these four were all now are added 5. Colis Cotton-dressers 6. Tcherous Travellers Guards 7. Pollanquin-bearers called Govillii 8. Periaves Curriers 9. Halalcour Cleansers of Office-houses least esteemed 10. Baraguy who damn the yellow colour and in the morning put white on their Foreheads other Castes put on Red c. Fletchers Hammer-men Publick Wenches Dancers and Baladines make up other Castes M. de Thev All the Castes go to Prayers together but worship what Idol they please Some carry the Idol along with them Jewish Sects 1. Sadduces 1. Rule of Faith 2. Articles of Faith Tenets Nothing is to be admitted but what is expressed in the Letter of Moses and the Prophets also say soffie but our Saviour alledges only Moses against them Exod. 3.6 Mat. 22.32 1. There are no Angels 2. Nor Spirits They denied Spirits altogether for they held God to be Corporeal Lyra. Only such created spiritual Natures as Angels and the Souls of Men. Dr. Pearson 3. Nor Resurrection of the Dead 4. Nor Providence Hotting 5. That the soul died with the Body 6. They couped up God in Heaven without all beholding of Evil. Abraham Zacuth calls them Epicures The Scriptures they interpreted in their own Sense nor regarded they the words of the wise mon i. e. Pharisees They were of the Ancient Careans or Karraim but not of those which now are so termed which as Zochath confesseth confess the Resuriection and Reward Scaliger affirms by the Testimony of Philip Frederick 2. Christian Jerp who had great familiarity with these Karraim at Constantinople and had been often in their Synagogues that they differ nothing from the other Jews but in rejecting Traditions and are far more honest and faithful than the Rabbanim of whom they are no less hated for their Integrity than for rejecting Tradition S. Purchas Rosse adds that they denied Fate or Destiny also and asoribed all to man's Free Will History Sadduces otherwise called Mineans from Sadok the first Author of the Heresie whose Fellow-Scholar was Baithos of whom came the Baithoseans So saith Abraham B. David in his Historical Cabal Antigonus said Be ye not as Servants which minister to their Prince on condition to receive reward Sadok and Baithos asked him of this thing and he answered That they should not put considence in the Reward of this Life but in the World to come But they denied his words and said We never heard any thing of the World to come For they had been his Disciples and they dissented from him and went to the Sanctuary of Mount Gerizim where the Princes were Sam. Purchas They upbraided the Pharisees saying The Tradition is in the hand of the Pharisees to vex themselves in this World whereas in the World to come they have no reward Antigonus his words are in the Treatise Aboth Be ye not Servants which minister to a Prince to receive of him reward but be ye as Servants which minister to their Prince with this condition that they receive no reward but let the fear of God be upon you Idem Baithos and Zadok had a diverse Family but held the same Opinions The Baithoseans ministred to Baithos in vessels of Silver and Gold The Sect of the Sadduces was diminished if not worn out after the destruction of the Temple till An. 4523 or thereabouts And A. D. 755 one Anan and Saul his Son revived that Doctrine because he had received his expected promotion to the Degree of Gaon i. e. Doctor he wrote Books against the other Jews Purchas Buxtorf saith That there are Karraim in Poland Syn. Jud. c. 2. And Leo after saith There are several of them in Barbary Idem Godwin derives their name either from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifies Justice or Sadoc the first Author of the Heresie who lived under Antigonus Sochoeus and was his Scholar brought up as a Pharisee Jewish Antiq. 2. Pharisees Essens and Hasideans Pharisees their Tenents and Traditions 1. Prayer THEY Prayed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 oft and long Thrice a day was ordinary at 9 12 and 32 Clock Yea their Progenitors Chasidim Assideans divided the day into three parts whereof one was bestowed on Prayer the next on the Law and the third on their Work Dr. Hall 2. Grace at Meat Their very Disciples if they had forgot to give thanks were taught to return from the Field to the Board to say Grace Idem 3. Divine Service The Decalogue must be read once a day of every man others twice without moving Eye Hand Foot in a clean place free from any Excrement and four Cubits distant from any Sepulchre Idem 4. Fasting They Fasted twice a Week in earnest Munday and Thursday 5. Penances They beat their Heads agains the Walls as they went till blood came whence one of their seven Pharisees is called Kizai a Pharisee Draw-blood they put Thorns in their Skirts to sting themselves they lay on Planks Stones Thorns c. 6. Holiness They would not converse with any Different Religion Samaritans c. and for fear they washed at their return home They wash'd before they ate Mark 7.3 the more Zealous wash'd the whole body They wash'd their Cups Pots and Tables They wash'd their Hands cubitaliter Theophi Vowed Continency for 8 or 10 Years Payed Tythes of all Mint and Cumin Over-kept the Sabbath would not stop a running Vessel lay an Apple to the Fire quench a a Burning knock on a Table to still a Child nor Rub Scratch in publick c. Enlarged their Phylacteries and these must be in right Lines in the whole Parchment of the Hide of a clean Beast Made a Wooden Spit of Romegranate to Roste the Passover To Avoid Idolatry if an Image were in the way they went about or if they could not so they ran or if a Thorn should light in their Foot near the place they would not kneel to take it out left they should seem to do Reverence but sit down They hated the Presence Fire Fashion Books of a Gentile of a Samaritan Dr. Hall They attributed all things to Fate that there is no Herb on the Earth which hath not its Planet in Heaven
would be found that the Church-men have four parts of the five which he made out thus They have in Soil above half of the whole which is two and a half and in Tithes and Gifts and Legacies they have one and a half more for no Man dies without leaving a considerable Legacy to some Church or Convent Ibid. Pegu. The Talapoi in Pegu live by the Alms of the People and preserve a great Veneration to themselves by their exemplary Lives Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. Siam The Revenues of the Temples the Charity of the People and the Donations of the Nobility maintain the Clergy in Siam Ibid. Loango In Loango they will rather die than touch any Meat their Priests forbid them Ibid. Mexico There did continually reside in the great Temple of Vitzliputzli in Mexico 5000 Persons which had their Meat Drink and Lodging the Temple enjoying great Revenues and diverse Towns for its Maintenance Purchas Laboriousness Jews RAbbi Johoschua Ben Hananiah was so intent upon the Law that he had no time to spend upon his Body or washing his Garments Hence the Jews derive that Scoff of the Emperor Trajan's Daughter Fine Wisdom in a Foul Vessel To which he is reported to make answer Wine is not kept in a Vessel of Silver or Gold but in a Cask only Sed in testaceo tantum Hotting Ben Azay because he was mightily addicted to the Study of Learning would not Marry a Wife Menasse Ben Israel Christians Origen is recorded to be a Man of indefatigable Labour and Industry and so studious and inquisitive after Learning that he soon became too hard for his Teachers Tertullian was taken up night and day in reading and expounding the Scriptures St. Augustine tells us he went sometimes to discourse Ambrose but still found him so busie at his Study that being unwilling to interrupt him he returned back without speaking to him Bede was wont to say that there was so much Work to do in so little a time that he would not lose any of it and that as for Pleasures we must only touch them with the tops of our Fingers as we do Honey for fear of surfeiting on them Erasmus in a Letter to Paracelsus saith For some time now I have neither had leisure to take Physick nor be Sick nor Die I am overwhelmed with so many Toils of Studies Bishop Latimer every Morning ordinarily Winter and Summer rose at two a Clock to his Studies See his Life Bishop Jewel was so Industrious that he hid himself the greatest part of the day in his Study and so recalled his Senses from exterior Objects that Chrysippus-like he had need of a Mâ—â—â—ssa to put him in mind of his Meat See his Life Mr. J. Gregory of Christ's-Church Oxon for divers years together studied 16 hours in 24 with much Appetite and Delight See his Life Muscovites No Muscovite of what Quality soever but he sleeps after Dinner about Noon most Shops are shut up the Merchants or their Apprentices sleeping at the Door no speaking with Persons of Quality at that time more than at Midnight Idleness seems to be bestowed on the Muscovites a barbarous People as their Portion D. of Holstein 's Emb. Travels p. 60. They are naturally so much inclined to Idleness that it were impossible to bring them to take any Pains but by the Whip and Cudgel Those who are Free-born if Poor will sell themselves with their Family for a small matter for Slaves Idem Protestants Vrsin had these Verses writ upon his Study door Amice quisquis huc venis Aut agito paucis aut Abi Aut me laborantem Adjuva In English My Friend or whosoe'er thou art Dispatch in short and so depart Or to my Studies Help impart Melch. Adam Papists Alphonsus Tostatus a Spaniard wrote so many Commentaries on Sacred Scripture and other things beside before the fortieth year of his Age that some have reckoned three Pages in Folio for every day of his Life Insomuch that 't is said of him Hic stupor est Mundi qui Scibile discutit omne Buzier Flosc Hist and Leigh in his Religion and Learning Tostatus learned all the Liberal Sciences without being taught and writ in the Forty years he lived as much as most in that time can read and yet at the same time was Counsellor to the King Referendary Major of Spain and Professor of Philosophy Divinity and Law in Salamanca Auth. of the Educ of young Gentlemen Bonaventure wrote the Bible over with his own hand c. J. S. Aquinas when a Child would not rest without his Book was always studious seldom seen to Laugh when others were at their Merriment he was Meditative insomuch that at Supper with King Lewis of France whilst the rest were making Merry he fell into a deep Meditation and forgetting himself struck the Table saying That now the Manichees were foiled Nunc conclusum est contra Manichaeos Mahometans Avicenna born at Bochara at Ten years of Age understood Humane Sciences and the Alcoran and went through the whole Encyclopedia by Eighteen during which time he slept not one whole Night and in all that time minded nothing but reading In any Difficulty he went to the Temple and pray'd Hotting Humility Jews THE Jews of Barbary entertain no Thoughts of Merit but hold that all Rewards proceed from God's bounty Dr. Addison In their Prayers they commonly stand but bowing their Heads Christians Constantine the Great when one told him how Happy he was whom God had thought worthy of so great an Empire and reserved a much better Kingdom for in Heaven he was highly offended and advised the Man not to talk so any more but rather turn his Praises of him into Prayers for him that both here and hereafter he might be accounted worthy to be reckoned amongst the Servants of God De vit Const Nebridius a Roman Gentleman Cousin German to the Empress and Play-fellow and School-Fellow with the young Emperors yet was no whit swelled with Pride reflecting upon others with a surly look though in the vigour of his Youth but rendring himself amiable to all reverencing the Princes and condescending to others Placilla the Empress used in her own Person to visit the Hospitals cure the Lame and Sick with her own Hands to prepare and give them their Provisions Cooking and providing Victuals for them Theod. Hist Eccl. l. 5. c. 18. St. Hierom saith of Paula a Roman Lady that she carried her self with so much Lowliness that whoever had seen and not known her could not but have mistaken her for the meanest of the Maids that waited on her she always seemed both in Cloaths and Voice and Garb and Gate the least and most contemptible of all the rest Dr. Cave Prim. Christ Cyprian determined from his first entering upon his Bishoprick not to adjudge any thing by his own private order without the Counsel of his Clergy and the Consent of the People Ep. 5. p. 13 14. Nazianzen reports of his Father a Bishop
Paradise 70000 in Number each 7000 Miles long That there is a Table of Admant 700000 days Journey long and broad with Seats of Gold and Silver about it to Feast on Ancient Heathens Socrates held That the Souls of Men were Divine and had two ways to go when separated from the Body the wicked Excluded from the Communion of the Gods the Good and Chast went again to the Gods from whence they came Cic. 1. Tusc de Acad. Heathens Ancient Greeks Romans 1. For Punshment They assigned a place called Tartarus concerning which consider 1. It s Name Tartarus quia Multae ibi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sive perturbationes Nat. Com. l. 3. Erebus ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Tenebrae 2. It s Antiquity Most Antient Coetaneous with the Night and the confused matter of the World Aristoph in Avibus 3. It s Scituation viz. As far distant from the Earth as Earth from Heaven 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hesiod A piece of Iron would be ten days in falling to it 4. It s Description 1. Walls of Brass a Gate of Iron with many Bars 2. Rivers four in Number which Styx runs round Hell nine times Dict. qu. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Odiosus Styx Acheron Phlegethon Cocytus 3. Officers of several kinds 1. The God Plutus 2. The Judges three Aeacus Minos Rhadamanthus 3. The Ferriman Charon 4. The Porter Cerberus 5. The Destinies Parcae Clotho Lachesis Atropos 6. The Furies Eumenides 4. Punishments various rolling a Stone up a Hill drawing Water with a Sieve c. 2. For reward of Vertue They assign'd a place in the Elysian Fields or among the Stars or in the Retirements of Heaven among the Gods Many of those who suspected their Souls to be Eternal as if they were to pass streight to Heaven laid violent hands on themselves as Cleanthes and Chrysippus Zeno and Empedocles Of the Romans Cato Vticensis who taking it ill that Pompey was vanquish'd by Caesar stabbed himself with his own Sword having first read Plato's Phaedon concerning the Souls immortality Textor ex Lactant. CAMPI-ELYS II. Lethe Fluvius de quo bibebant animae ante discessum viz. Metempsychosin Huc ad omnimodam voluptatem transferebantur animae post Purgationem in Tartaro Tartarus Ixion Sisyphus Tantalus Orcus Aello Ocypete Celaeno Belides Dice Nomia Eyrene â—ora Harpyae Morpheus Nox Judices Pluto Proserpina Parcae Minos Rhadamanthâ—s AEacus Eumenides Dirae Clotho Lachesis Artropos Alâ—â—â—o Megaeâ— Tisiphone Chimaera Cerberus Cocytus Phiegethon Styx Acheron Charon Mors Modern Heathens The Persees believe the Metempsychosis or passage of Souls into Beasts e.g. the Souls of Drunkards or Epicures into Swine the Lustful and Incestuous into Goats and Dogs the Dissemblers into Apes Crocodiles and Foxes the Lazy into Bears the Wrathful into Tygers the Proud into Lions the Blood-thirsty into Wolves Ounces and Snakes the Perjured into Toads c. But the Souls of Good Men Abstemious Pitiful and Courteous into Kine Buffaloes Sheep Storks Doves Turtles c. Touching the last Judgment they hold it shall be more dreadful than the other the Moon will look as Red as Blood the Sun will shed his light like purling Brimstone after which will follow an universal flashing with Fire and loud Thunders then a flaming Redness will over-spread the Heavens and the four Elements shall maintain a dreadful Fight so long and so fiercely one against another that at last all will be resolved into a dreadful confusion the Souls of such as were good Men Ruddery one of their Prophets is to transport into Heaven the wicked must Perish but the Bodies of both rise no more being too incredulous of the Resurrection Sir Tho. Herbert's Travel into Persia Siam In Siam they believe that the Good are rewarded and Wicked punished That the World shall stand 8000 years and then be burn'd to Ashes whence shall come forth two Egs and out of them one Man and one Woman who shall replenish the Earth again Rosse Pegu. In Pegu they believe Transanimation that some Souls shall live in Carnal Pleasure after Death some in Torment some Annihilated Also multitudes of Worlds succeeding each other that this World hath been Govern'd by Four Gods already who are gone the fifth not yet come after whose Death the World shall be burn'd Idem Magor They also hold Transanimation of Souls Idem As do also the Tartars in Cathay Cambaia Here also they are so Superstitiously Pythagoreans that some of their Religious Orders are afraid to Kill a Gnat or Worm Idem They will not drink their Water cold left they should slay the Soul of the Water which they think is quicken'd by boyling Idem They are afraid to tread upon Ants and will eat no Egs lest there should be Blood in them Malabar These People also are Pythagoreans and hold not only the Immortality and Transanimation of the Souls of Men and Beasts but a kind of Divinity in Elephants Kine c. Idem Japan In Japan they believe diverse Paradises to which every peculiar God carrieth his own Worshippers to obtain which many drown themselves some cut their own throats or break their Necks some in narrow Holes receive breath only by a Cane and so continue Fasting and Praying till they die Idem They have a Feast in which they burn a multitude of Candles at their Doors and walk all night up and down the streets to meet the Souls of their Friends lately departed before whom they set Meat and Drink and invite them to their Houses that in their three years Journey to Paradise they may not faint for want of Provision Idem Some say they hold a Transmigration as do also the Chinese c. In Canada in America they believe that their Souls shall ascend into the Stars and go down with them into a Paradise of Pleasure Rosse Christians of St. John They believe there is no other future World but where Angels and Devils the Souls of Good and Bad reside That in that World are Cities Houses and Churches and that the Evil Spirits have also Churches where they Pray Singing and Rejoycing upon Instruments and Feasting as in this World That when any one lies at the point of Death 360 Demons come and carry his Soul to a place full of Serpents Dogs Lions Tigers and Devils The Soul of a wicked Man is torn in pieces of a just Man creeps under the Bellies of these Beasts into the Presence of God who sits in the seat of Majesty to Judg the World That there are Angels also that weigh the Souls of Men in a Ballance who being thought worthy are admitted immediately into Glory M. Tavernier l. 2. c. 8. p. 92. Gaurs The Priests of the Gaurs have several Books full of small Pictures in Water-colours ill done representing how the several sins of Men shall be Punished in Hell especially Sodomy which they abominate Idem l. 4. c. 8. If any of them fall sick they hire poor People to go and find out Adders Serpents Lizards Toads Frogs
Arm was dried up immediately That the Child being thrown into a Fire turned it into a Bed of Roses 6. That some of this Fire is still preserved and is worthy of great Veneration 7. That the King devising new Torments was at last stung to Death with Flies and all that would not kiss the Prophet's Feet and submit 8. That this Prophet under Scha-glocktes the Succeeding Prince was cast into a Bath of melted Silver but coming out safe all received him as a Prophet and called him Zer-Ateucht i. e. wash'd in Silver 9. After this the Prophet was never seen more 10. That he will have three Children 11. The first Ouchider to be born of a Virgin who shall come into the World and cause his Father's Laws to be received by Preaching and Miracles 12. The Second Ouchiderma who shall be conceiv'd in like manner who shall assist his Brother and convince all the World by causing the Sun to stand still 10 years 13. That the 3d. called Senoict-Hotius conceiv'd by the same Mother shall come with more Authority than his two Brothers and shall perfectly reduce all People to the Religion of their Prophet 14. That after these things shall be the Universal Resurrection when all Souls in Paradise or Hell shall return to take possession of their own Bodies that then all Mountains and Minerals being melted shall fill up Hell and destroy mansions of the Devils 15. Afterwards the World shall be level'd and made Habitable and men shall have their Apartment in it according to the good which they did but their chief delight shall be in beholding and praising God and Ibrahim their Prophet M. Tavernier l. 4. c. 8. They say also That before the Resurrection those that are in Paradise do not behold the face of God no not the Angels themselves except only one who always attends upon God to receive and execute his Commands That God will have pity upon the Damned and that they shall go into Paradise as having suffered enough already for their Sins Idem Indian Idolaters I Believe one only Almighty God and only Wise Creator of Heaven and Earth who fills all places with his Presence by some called Primissar by others Peremael others Westnon others Ram c. that this Ram was the Son of a Potent Raja called Deseret and the most Vertuous of all his Children his Wife's name Sita both Banished with a Brother Lokeman but passing through a Wood Ram being in pursuit of a Bird his Wife Sita was Ravished by Rhevan a kind of Deity also that all the Creatures were employed in Searching for Sita who at last was found by a Monkey that had leaped over the Sea in Rhevan's Garden who Saluted her in Ram's Name and presented her a Ring and with Fire with which some of Rhevans Servants would have burnt him the Ape set Fire on Rhevan's Palace and thereupon leapt at one Jump over the Sea again and brought greeting from Sita to Ram who thereupon by the guidance of the Ape raised Forces and went over and rescued his Wife Hereupon Rhevan spent all the rest of his Days like a poor Faquir and gave original to that Order I believe that departed Souls are according to their Lives ordered to inhabit another Body The Souls of the wicked into Asses Dogs Cats c. Of the Good into Cows or potent Rajaes That if a Man Die with a Cows Tail in his Hand he is happy M. Tavernier Part. 2. l. 2. The People of Formosa I Believe the World to be Eternal The Soul to be Immortal And future Rewards and Punishments according to our good or evil deeds That the passage to the other World is over a narrow Bridg made with Canes from which the Wicked fall into a nasty miry place there to abide for ever the Good go to a Mansion of Pleasure That there are several Gods Tamagisahanch in the South who presides o're the Generation of Mankind from whom all good to Body or Mind proceeds that his Wife Taxank-punda when it Thunders chides with him for not sending Rain Sariachsingh in the North who destroys all Benefits bestowed on Mankind that both these are to be Prayed to That there are two Gods of War Talafula and Tapaliape to be invocated only by the Men. Pacquet broke open vol. 2. Siamites I Believe that one Supreme God Created the Universe and Governs the World That there are several other Gods Subordinate to him That the Soul is Immortal That on its separation from the Body it passes to Eternal Happiness or Misery after various Transmigrations That good Works will save a Man That this Religion was received by Immemorial Tradition from the Saints now worshipped by them as Deities Pacquet broke open vol. 2. Peguians I Believe that the Chief of the Gods who hath several Gods under him is the Author of all the Good that Mankind enjoys but that he leaves to the Devil the disposing of all Evil and therefore a greater Veneration is due to him than to God All Men naturally taking more care to appease a powerful Enemy than be grateful to an obliging Friend That good Works are more conducive to Eternal Hppiness than Faith That a man may be Saved in any opinion so his Life be Pious and Regular That five principal Sapans or Holy-days are to be kept 1. Sapan Giacchi the Pilgrimage of the King and Queen in Grandeur 2. Sapan Carena in Honour of their great Idol 3. Sapan Segienon in Honour of other Idols 4. Sapan Daiche when the King and Queen throw Rose-water at each other and all the Nobility wash them out of a Pot of the same and none can pass the Streets without having Water thrown at him out of the Windows 5. Sapan Donan when a Race is performed by Boats in the Kings and Queens presence as they Pass to Meccao Tunquinese Of these there are three Sects The Author of the first is Confutius whose Creed is as follows I Believe that man is composed of two Parts the one fine and subtil the other material and gross when Man Dies the subtiler part goes into Air the gross stays in the Earth that the 7 Planets are to be Adored but especially these Gods Rauma Betolo Ramonus and Brama and Satisbana by the Women as also the Heavens by the King and Mandarins The Author of the Second Chacabout followed by the most part of the meaner People hath taught them thus There are Ten Commandments which see afterwards a Transmigration of Souls That they who would be Religious must renounce the Delights of this Life be Charitable to the Poor overcome their Passions and give themselves up to Meditation That there are ten distinct places of Joy and Torment the Torments proportionable to the Offence and without any end The Imperfect shall wander in diverse Bodies 3000 years the Perfect go immediately to Bliss The Author of the Third Sect is that of Lanthu a Chinese a great Magician who taught that his Mother carried him in her
Womb 70 years without losing her Virginity he exhorted the Grandees to build Hospitals in all Cities Agreeing much with Chacabout in Doctrine Taver Mahometans I Believe 1. That there is but one God and that there is no number in him 2. That Mahomet is the Messenger of God the most excellent and last of all the Prophets That the Christian Religion was to Cease at his Appearance 3. That Jesus Christ was a great Prophet Inspired by the Spirit of God 4. That God is a Being of great Perfection 5. Angels are Executioners of God's Commands without Sex different in Dignity and appointed to several Offices as well in Heaven as Earth 6. Good and Evil only happen because God hath Fore-ordain'd them having writ on a Table from all Eternity things that are and are to be 7. There shall be a general Resurrection of the Dead But before that 1. Anti Mahomet must come 2. Jesus shall come from Heaven to Kill him and Establish Mahometanism 3. Gog and Magog c. 4. A Beast is to come out of Meccha 5. All Living Creatures shall Die Hills fly into the Air the Heavens melt and drop upon the Earth Then shall God renew the Earth and raise the Dead naked but Saints and Prophets clothed and carried by Angels to the Empyrean Heavens 8. The Bad shall suffer Hunger Thirst painful Sweating c. 9. The Pains of the Wicked shall be proportioned to their Merits but shall not last above 50000 years 10. That at the day of Judgment S. Michael with be a Ballance shall weigh the good and bad Actions of Men. 11. They whose good Deeds out-weigh their Bad shall go to Paradise 12. There is a particular Judgment at Death to distinguish the Mussulman from Unbelievers F. Simon out of a Mahometan Dr. Ancient Heathen I Believe in one Supreme God who presides over all the rest who seeth and Governs all things in all places And in as many more Inferior Gods as our Magistrates and Laws shall require us to believe in That the Law of Nature and Reason is the ordinary Rule of our Manners And the Laws of the Nation Of our Religigious Worship That our Souls are Immortal and shall survive our Bodies That they who have defiled themselves with Vice their Souls at Death shall be secluded from the Society of the Gods and be tossed about the Earth but they who have lived well and honestly and have imitated the Lives of the Gods the Souls of these Men shall go to the Stars or Gods from whence at first they came This is extracted especially out of Cicero and Somn. Scip. Diabolical Their Creed is nothing but a Reverse of the Orthodox Faith an open Profession or secret Practice contrary to the Truth which must needs be so pregnant with Blasphemy that it will not be safe to exhibit a Copy of it to common View The Bannyans I Believe that a God of Immense Power Eternal and Provident in the beginning Created the whole World that he made the first Man by Name Pourous and for his Society Created the first Woman Parconty both so innocent that they would not cut any thing that had a Sensitive Life but fed upon Herbs and Fruits that from them sprung two couple of Boys Bramon Cuttery Shuddery and Wise the first a Priest the second a Warrior the third a Merchant the forth a Peasant which Peopled the four Parts of the World but upon their Impiety the World was Destroyed by a Deluge That afterwards upon Mount Meropurbatea God gave the Shaster to Bremaw in Clouds and Lightning for a rule of Living Mr. Hobbes's I Believe that God is Almighty matter that in him are three Persons he having been thrice represented on Earth that it is to be decided by the Civil Power whether he Created All things else That Angels are not Incorporeal Substances but preternatural Impressions on the Brain of Man that the Soul of Man is the Temperament of his Body that the very Liberty of Will in that Soul is Physically necessary that the Prime Law of Nature in the Soul of Man is Self-Love that the Law of the Civil Soveraign is the only obliging Rule of Just and Unjust that the Books of the Old and New Testament are not made Canon and Law but by the Civil Powers that what is written in these Books may be denied upon Oath in times of Persecution That Hell is a tolerable condition of Life for a few years upon Earth to begin at the general Resurrection and that Heaven is a blessed Estate of good Men like that of Adam before his Fall beginning at the general Resurrection to be from thence-forth Eternal upon Earth in the Holy Land Dr. Tenison Precepts or Commands Mahometan THeir Law is divided into eight Precepts or Commandments 1. There is but one God and his Prophet Mahomet 2. Children must be Dutiful to their Parents 3. Neighbours must Love each other 4. They must Pray five times every day 5. A Lent of thirty days is to be kept every year 6. They must be Charitable and give Alms to the Poor 7. Every one must Marry by twenty five years of Age. 8. They must abstain from Murder Pacquet broke open vol. 2. F. Simon makes Five Articles thus 1. There is one God 2. Mahomet is his Messenger 3. They must be exact in Prayers and Alms-deeds 4. And in the Fast of Ramazan 5. And in their Pilgrimage to Mecha Bannyans Their Moral Law hath eight Commandments most of which agree with the Seven which R. Solomon saith Noah taught the World in his time called Noah-Cady 1. Thou shalt not destroy any living Creature for thou and it are both my Creatures 2. Thou shalt not sin in thy five Senses Eyes not beholding Vanity Ears stopt in hearing Evil Tongue uttering no Filthiness Pallat hating Wine Flesh and all live things Hands abhoring all things defiled 3. Thou shalt duly observe set times of Devotion as Praying Washing Elevation Prostration c. 4. Thou shalt not Lie nor Dissemble 5. Thou shalt not be hard-hearted but helpful to others 6. Thou shalt not Oppress nor Tyrannize 7. Thou shalt observe certain Festivals and Fasting days 8. Thou shalt not Steal Sir Tho. Herb. Trav. into Persia out of their Shaster Persees 1. For Behedens or Lay-men 1. Cherish Modesty 2. Cherish Fear 3. Premeditate what you are to do if bad reject it if good c. 4. Let every day's object move to thankfulness 5. Pray daily to the Sun and nightly to the Moon 2. For the Herboods Daroos or Priests Besides those of the Beheden which they are to observe 1. Be constant to the form of Worship in the Zundavastaw 2. Covet not what is another man's 3. Abhor Lies 4. Be not worldly minded 5. Learn the Zundavastaw by rote 6. Keep your selves free from Pollution 7. Teach the Laity how to Comport themselves in Adoration 8. License Matrimony 9. Be frequent at Church 10. Forgive Injuries 11. Upon pain of Life Eternal
washed and anointed 2. 'T is carried to Church the Bearers by the way resting three times to signifie Christ's resting in the Grave 3. Holy Water and Frankincense is put into the Grave to keep out evil Spirits c. 4. He is buried with green Bays to shew the Immortality of the Soul 5. With the Face upward and his Feet toward the East to shew his Expectation of Heaven and his readiness to meet Christ in the Resurrection from the East Note 1. Every Christian buried out of the Church or Church-yard hath a Cross set at his Head to shew that he was a Christian 2. Clergy-Men in Orders are buried in the habit of their Orders 3. All are wrapt in Linnen because Christ was so 4. Some also in Sack-cloth to shew their Repentance 5. Antiently the names of Holy Men were registred in Scrolls or folding Tables called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dypticks which words the Latin Church retained Dr. Holyday on Juven p. 173. saith The Dypticha were two Tables containing the names of especial Persons some alive and some dead some Vertuous some Vicious Read in time of Divine Service amongst the Primitive Christians for the determent of bad c. and the Bishops kept them and publickly read them in time of Divine Service to shew that the Just shall be had in everlasting remembrance 6. Prayers for the Dead are only for such as are in Purgatory i. e. who died in Venial Sins unrepented of 7. There is neither Gloria in excelsis nor Hallelujahs used in the Office for the Dead Mr. Rosse out of Aleninus c. Roman The Roman Catacombs are without the Walls of the Town according to the Law of the twelve Tables yet they seem to run under it viz. vast Caves in the Rocks made use of as Repositories of dead Bodies where they were thrown and there putrified putuerunt thence called Puticoli where the meanest sort of the Ronan Slaves were laid Dr. Burnet's Letters who discourses upon them at large Guinea In Guinea they bury Gods of Straw with their Dead that they may accompany them in the other World Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. Mexico The Priests in Mexico interr'd the Dead the places where they buried them were their Gardens and Courts of their own Houses others carried them to the places of their Sacrifices in the Mountains others burnt them and after buried the Ashes in the Temples They sung the Funeral Offices like Responds often lifting up the dead Body with many Ceremonies at these Mortuaries they did eat and drink and if it were a Person of Quality they gave Apparel to such as came the Friends saluted the Person as if he were living for a King or Lord they put some Slaves Cook Butler c. to death with him to serve him in the other World they give him Ornaments also the Obsequies continued ten days c. Purchas out of Acosta Guiana In some parts of Guiana when the Flesh of the Dead is worn off by Putrefaction they hang up the Soâ—leton in the Chamber or House where the Party died decking the Scull with Feathers of divers Colours and hanging Jewels and Plates of Gold about the Arm and Thigh-Bones S. Clark A Table of Heresies and Errors or at least different Opinions from what is asserted in the Column of Orthodoxy Orthodoxy Heresies and Errors THere is One God ATheist Diagoras Theodorus c. There is no God Julius Caesar Vanin suffered as an Atheist  Polytheists Pagan There are many Gods  Gnosticks Two Gods  Marcionites Two Gods one maker of the World bad the other good  Manichees Two Gods One good 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the other bad 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  Valentinus Thirty Gods or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 divided into several Syzygiae  Basilides One Chief Power 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Without Body Parts Passions Anthropomorphites With a body ' parts and passions as a man  Meletonii With a body c.  Mahometans Of a Corporeal Essence with a Soul  Hobbes God is Almighty matter Who created the World viz. Heaven and Earth of nothing and all things therein Aristotle The World was Eternal  Hermians Seleucians Matter was co-eternal with God So the Muggletonians say of Earth and Water  Carpocrates Cerinthus Simon Magus Saturninus Menander Archontici God did not make the World but Angels in number 7 the Off-spring of Abraxas without leave from God  Basilides Those 7 Angels made 365 Heavens  Marcionites The World was too base a thing for God to create  Manichees The substance of the good God was distributed by crumbs among the creatures  Luciferiani Priscillianists The Devil made the world for it lieth in wickedness  Familists God by them made the world  Epicurus The world was made by a Fortuitous concourse of Atoms  Hobbes Whether God created all things else is to be decided by the civil power And formed Man of Earth with a Reasonable Soul Manichees Priscillianists The Devil made man his body only I suppose they mean  Patriciani The Devil made our flesh which may be put off by violent Death  Paterniani The Devil made the lower parts of man which may be used to sin  Priscillianists The soul was made of the same substance with God  Luciferiani The soul was raised out of the flesh  Jews in Barbary All souls wore created together and put in a certain Region c.  Hobbes Irenaeus That man at his first creation was imperfect Rules all things by his Providence Epicureans The world is too base for God to look after  Aristotle Certain Angels are intrusted with the Government  Cyprian God hath committed the Government of the world to certain Coelestial Powers  Stoicks Manichees All things are Ruled by Fate and Fortune  Bardesanes All things are Ruled by Fate  Jews in Barbary Every man hath Two Angels one good and another bad attending him  Colarbas The Generation and Life of man is in the 7 Planets  Familists All things are Ruled by Nature not ordered by God In the Godhead are 3 Persons Marcellians Luciani The Trinity is an Extension of the Deity  Hobbes Is but a threefold Representation of God  Noetians Praxeneans Hermogeneans There are 3 in the Godhead but not 3 Persons  Sabellians 3 in Name only  Gnosticks Marcionitos Valentinians More Gods yet not 3 Persons  Syreni Tritheites Eunomeans 3 Gods or Spirits or Principles not distinguished only but divided also  Macedonians Franciscans 2 Gods Father and Son Old and New  Seleucians 1 Person  Armenians Anastasius Emp. Apollinarians A Quaternity  Servetus There is no distinction of Persons in God  Jews Turks Montanists Deny the Trinity so likewise the Muggletonians  Blandrat Alciat Christians in worshipping 3 Persons worship 3 Devils  Lord Herbert denied Jesus Christ to be a Person in the Godhead  Alogiani Samosateni 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 John