Selected quad for the lemma: heaven_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heaven_n	earth_n	high_a	place_n	6,761	5	4.5017	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A01313	A goodly gallerye with a most pleasaunt prospect, into the garden of naturall contemplation, to behold the naturall causes of all kynde of meteors, as wel fyery and ayery, as watry and earthly, of whiche sort be blasing sterres, shooting starres, flames in the ayre &c. tho[n]der, lightning, earthquakes, &c. rayne dewe, snowe, cloudes, springes &c. stones, metalles, earthes &c. to the glory of God, and the profit of his creaturs.	Fulke, William, 1538-1589.	1563 (1563)	STC 11435; ESTC S102684	57,855	146

cloudes into waters c. ¶ Why they be called perfectly mixed The last sort namely earthly Meteores are called perfectly mixed because they wil not easely be chaunged and resolued from that forme which they are in as be stones metalles and other mineralles According to the qualitie of the matter they are diuided into moist drie impressions consisting either of vapores or exhalations vapores are called moist and exhalations drie whiche termes must be well noted because they must be much vsed ¶ Of the general cause of al Meteores and first of the materiall cause The mater whereof the moste part of Meteores dooth consiste is either water or earth for out of y e water proceade vapors and out of the earth come exhalations Vapor as the Philosopher sayeth is a certain watrie thing and yet is not water so exhalation hath a certain earthly nature in it but yet it is not yearth For the better vnderstanding of vapors vnderstande that they be as it were fumes or smokes warme moist whiche will easely be resolued into water muche like to the breath that proceadeth out of a mans mouth or out of a pot of water standing on y e fiere These vapors are drawen vp from the waters and warry places by the heate of the Sunne euen vnto the midle region of the ayre and there after diuerse maner of meating with coldnes many kynde of moist Meteors are generated as sometime cloudes and rayne sometime snowe and hayle and that suche vapors are so drawen vp by the Sunne it is playne by experiēce for if there be a plash of water on a smothe and hard stoone standing in the heate of the sunne it wyl soone be drye whiche is none otherwyse but y t the sonne draweth vp the water in thinne vapores for no man is so fonde to saye that it can sinke into stoone or metall and it is as greatfoly to thinke it is consumed to nothyng for it is a general rule that that whiche is once a thing can not by chaunging become nothyng wherefore it followeth that the water on the stoone as also on the earth is for the moste part drawen vp when the stoone or earth is dried Exhalations are as smokes that be hoat and drie whiche because they be thinne lygther then vapors passe the lowest and midle region of the ayre and are caried vp euen to the highest region where for the excessiue heat by nearenes of the fier they are kindled and cause many kinde of impressions They ar also sometimes viscose ▪ that is to say clāmy by reason wherof thei cleuing together not being dispersed are after diuerse soortes set on fier and appeare somtims like Dragōs somtim like Goats somtime like cādels somtime like speares By y t which is spokē of vapors exhalations it is euidēt y t out of y e fier the ayer no matter wherof meteores shold consist can be drawē because of their subtiltie thinnes For al exhalatiō is by making a grosser body more thinne but y e fier we mean y e elemētal fier not the fire of the kitchē chimney is so subtil thin y t it cannot be made thinner likewise the ayre is so thin y t if it be made thinner it is chāged into fire as the fire if it wer made thicker wold becom aire so the aire being made grosser wold be turned into water Wherfor to cōclude this part y e great quantitie of matter that causeth these meteores is takē out of y e earth and the water As for y e aire the fire they ar mixed with this matter as with al other things but not so abundauntly that they may be sayd the material cause of any Meteore though without them none can be generated The efficient cause of all Meteores is that cause whiche maketh them euen they are not to nyghe to the direct beames nor to farre of from them there is a moderate heate drawyng out great aboundaunce of matter so that in those contries many Meteores of many sortes as generated as in the farre North partes are few but watrie impressions Also in Autumne Sprynge are oftener Meteores séen then in Sommer and Wynter except it be in such places where the Sommer and Wynter are of the temper of Spryng and Autūne Let this be sufficient for the efficient causes of impressions as well first and principall as second and particular Concerning the formall and finall cause we haue litle to saye because the one is so secret that it is knowen of no mā y e other so euidēt y t it is playne to all men The essentiall forme of all substaunces Gods wisdome comprehendeth the vniuersall chiefe and last end of all thinges is the glory of God Mydle endes if they may be so called of these impressions are manifold profites to Gods creatures to make the earth fruitfull to purge the ayre to sett forth his power to threathen his vengeaunce to punyshe the worlde to moue to repentaunce all the which are referde to one end of Gods eternall glory euer to be praysed Amen ¶ Of the places in whiche they are generated THe places in whiche Meteors are caused be either the ayre or the earth in y e aire be generated rayne hayle snow dew blasing starres thonder lightning c. In the earth be welles springs earthquakes metalls minerals c. made and as it were in their mothers belly begotten fashioned But for the better vnderstanding hereof such as haue not tasted y e principles of Philosophie must cōsider y e ther be iiij elemēts Earth water Ayre Fire one cōpassing another round about sauing y t the waters by Gods cōmaundement ar gathered into one place y t the land might apeare The highest is y e spere of the fire which toucheth the hollownes of the Moones heauen the next is the ayre whiche is in the hallownes of the fyer the ayre within his hollownes comprehendeth the water and the earth whiche bothe make but one Spheare or Globe or as the commen sort may vnderstande it one Bal. So eche elemēt is w cin another as y e skales of a perle ar on aboue another or to vse a grosse similitude as y e pieles of an oniō ar one w c in āother after y e same sort frō y e highest heuē to y e earth y t is lowest one part y t is greater compasseth roūd about another that is lesser But for this present purpose it is to be knowen y t the ayer is diuided into thre regions y e hyghest the midle and the lowest The hyghest because it is next to the region of y e fier is exceading hoate the lowest beinge next the earth and the waters is temperat and by repercussion or striking back of the sunne beames waxeth hoate and by absence of them is made colde being subiect to Wynter and Sommer The midle region of y e ayre is always exceading

whiche the rest are but shadowes and images the seconde shadowe of the first the thyrde of the seconde as appeare by placing of their collours It remayneth to shew why it is but halfe a circle or lesse neuermore and why the whole cloude receyueth not the same collours that the raynbowe hath The cause of the fyrste is because the center or mydle point of the raynbowe that is Diametrally apposite to the center of the same is alwayes either in the Horrizon that is the circle cutting of our sight of heauen by the earth or vnder it The cause why the whole cloude is not colloured is because that in the myddest the beames as strong perse throughe but on the edges where they are weaker they are reflected or refracted Nowe for so muche as God made the raynbowe a signe and Sacrament of his promyse some thynke it was neuer séen before the floude Theyr reason maye be this that the earthe after the fyrst creation was then so fruictfull that it neaded none or very lytle rayne so that suche darke cloudes weare not often gathered the fruictfull ground not so easely remitting his moysture that then was fatte and clammye harde to be drawen vp so it myght be that ther was no raynbowe before as we cannot fynde that euer it rayned before But whether it were or not it is certayne that then it became a Sacrament wher as it was none before which when we beholde it behoueth vs to remember y e truthe of God in all his promyses to his glorie and our comfort ¶ The mylke waye called of some the waye to saint Iames and Watlyng streate THe milke way is a whyte circle séen in a cleare night as it were in the firmament passing by the signes of Sagittarius and Gemini The cause thereof is not agreed vpō among Philosophers whose opinions I thought best to reporte before I come to the moste probable causes First of all Pithagoras is charged w e a Poeticall fable as though it had béen caused by reason that the sunne did once runne out of his pathway and burned this part whereof it loketh whyte Other as Anaxagoras and Democritus sayde that it was the light of certeine sterres shining by them selues of their owne light which in the absence of the sunne might be séen But this opinion is also false for the sterres haue no light of them selues but of the sunne also if it wer so it shold apear about other sterrs Democritus is also reported to haue sayde that it was nothing els but innumerable lytle starres whiche with their confuse lyght caused that whytnes to this opiniō Cardane semeth to subscribe The Poetes haue fowre fables of it one that Phaeton whiche on a tyme guided the Chariot of the sunn wandring out of the way did burne y e place wherfore of Iupiter he was stryken downe wyth lyghtnyng The second that it is the high strete in heauen that goeth streight to Iupiters pallace and both sydes of it the cōmen sorte of Gods do dwell The thirde that Hebe one which was Iupiters Cupbearer on a tyme stōbled at a starre and shedde the wyne or mylke that was in the cuppe which colloured that part of heauen to this daye wherfore she was pout out of her office The fourth that Apollo stoode there to fight against the Giantes which Iupiter made to appeare for a perpetuall memory Theophrastus a Philosopher affirmed that it was y e ioyning together or séeme of the two halfe globes whiche made it appeare more light in that place then in other Other sayde it was the reflexion of the shyning light of fyre or sterre light as it is séen in a glasse but then it sholde be moueable Diodorus affirmed that it was heauenly fyre condensede or made thick into a circle so became visible wheras the rest for the purenes clearenes and thinnes could not be séene Possidonius whose mynde to many séemeth very reasonable saide it is the infusion of the heate of sterres whiche therfore is in a circle contrarie to the Zodiake out of whiche the sunne neuer wandreth because it myght temper the whole compasse with vitall and lyuely heate Although in my mynd he hath rather expressed the finall cause then the efficient Aristotles opiniō is that it shold be y e beames of a great circle whiche is caused by a cloude or Exhalation drawen vp by those sterres whiche be called Sporades This opinion of Aristotles is myslyked of moste men that haue trauayled in this science and worthely For if it were of the nature of elementes as Exhalations are it would be at length consumed But this circle neuer corrupteth therfor it is not of Exhalatiōs Also it nether increaseth or diminisheth which is a playne proofe that it consisteth not of elementall matter Although Aristotle séeme to make a double circle one celestiall another elementall The last opiniō is of them that say it is of the nature of heauen thycker in substaunce then other partes of heauen be hauing some lykenes to the substāce of the Moone which being lightned by y e same as al y e starres be apereth whight And this opiniō I take to be y e most probable because that sentēce of sterrelight séemeth not so reasonable to be only in that place and not els where The finall cause of this milkewhyte circle hath béen already touched in the opinion of Possidonius wherunto also in Plinius in the xviij booke xxix chapter of his naturall history agréeth affirming y t it is very profitable for the generation frutefull increase of thinges that growe on the earth The Mathematicians that haue measured y e breadth therof affirme that toward the north it passeth ouer the eclipticall lyne of the ninth spheare frō the xviij degrée of Gemini vnto the secōde degrée of Cancer which is xiij degrées toward the South frō the viij degrée of Sagittarius to the xiij degrée of the same signe because it is ther diuided into ij branches as may easly be séen in a clear might it reacheth frō the xxiiij of Sagittarius to the second degrée of Capricorne This circle if it be of the nature of heauen is vnproperly placed amōg Meteores or impressions but because of Aristotles mynde who wyll haue it to be an impression kendled their opinion whiche thinke it proceadeth of y e light of sterres it is not w tout good cause in this place intreated of ¶ Of beames or streames of light appearing through a cloude THer is yet another kind of impressiō caused by the beames of the sunne stryken through a watry cloud being of vnequal thines y e is thinner in one part thē in another so y e it cannot receiue the beames in any other form thē y e they appere direct or slope downward of diuers collors y e same y e ar y e collors of y

colde it is so knit together that it hangeth vntill either y e waight or some resolution cause it to fall downe The place wherein the cloudes doe hange is sayde to be in the midle region of the ayre because men sée it is necessary that there shoulde be a colde whiche should make those vapors so grosse and thycke whiche for the most part are drawen so thinne from the earth that they ar inuisible as the aier is And although they are knowen oftentime as Aristotle wytnesseth to be in the lowest region of the ayre neare to the earth in so muche that sometymes they fall downe to the earth with great noyse to y e great feare of men and no lesse losse and daunger Yet may it be reasonably thought that these cloudes were generated in y e midle region of the ayre farre distant from the earth whiche by their heuines doe by litle and litle sinke downe lower into y e lowest region and sometymes also fall downe to the earth The commen opinion is that they goe not hygher then nyne myle whiche because it leaneth to no reason is vncertayne Albertus Magnus whose reason also is to be doubted of affirmeth that the cloudes doe scarse exceade thrée myle in heyght when they are hyghest And some let not to saye that oftentymes they ascend not past the halfe of one myle in heyght Agayne other pretending to find out the truth by Geometical demonstrations make it aboue fiftie myle to the place where the generation of cloudes is Howe these men take the distaunce from the earth it is vncertain whether that they assigne y e least distance meane it from the hyghest part of the earth as are hyll toppes or from the commen playne Againe whether they y t assigne the hyghest distaunce to be from the lowest vallyes of the earth or from the hylle toppes The reason before shewed moueth me to thynke that the moste vsuall cōmen generation I meane the condensation or making thick of these thinne vapors into cloudes is in the midle region of the ayer But for the distaunce of the cloudes whē thei be generated I thinke they be somtime nine mile somtime in myle somtime halfe a myle somtyme lesse then a quarter of a myle from the earth ¶ Of Mystes THere be two kyndes of mistes y e one ascending the other descending That whiche ascendeth goeth vp out of the water or y e earth as smoke but doth not cōmenly spred ouer all other parts it is séen in ryuers and moyst places The other mist that goeth down toward the earth is when any vapor is lifted vp into the ayre by the heate of the sunne which not being strong enough to drawe it so high that the colde maye knitte it suffereth it after it is a lytle made thicke to fall downe agayne so it filleth al the ayre with the grosse vapors is called mistes being vsually a signe of fayre weather Of empty cloudes THere be certen cloudes y t ar empty send no raine they come of ij sortes For one sorte are the remnantes of a cloude that hath rayned whiche can not be cōuerted into water for ther dryenes Another sort is of them that are drawen vp of wett and drye places and be rather Exhalations then vapors that is they be daie whot light so that it wer harde for them to be turned into rayne They looke whyte lyke flocks of woile when y e lyght striketh into thē Ther be also empty clouds when y e wyndes haus dispersed abrode any cloud they ar scatered ouer al the skie but these cloudes though for a time they be emptye yet because they consist of such a substaunce as is watrye they may be and are often tymes gathered together and geue plētifull rayne Of the collours of cloudes we haue spoken in the second booke of fyry Meteors where those collours and the causes of them are described whiche séeme to be fyerye or may be thought to be inflamations or burninges as be redde fyry and yealowysh But besyde those there be whyte black blewe and greane Whyte cloudes be thynne and not very watery so that the lyght receiued in them maketh thē to appeare whyte Black cloudes be ful of thick grosse and earthely matter that maketh them looke so darke Blew cloudes be ful of thick grosse and earthly as the blacke so the light receiued in them maketh them to séeme blewe Grene cloudes are altogether watry resolued into water whiche receyuing into them the lyght appear grene as water doth in a great vessell or in the sea and ryuers ¶ Of Rayne AFter the generatiō of cloudes is wel knowen it shall not be hard to learn from whence the rayne commeth For after the matter of the cloud being drawen vp and by cold made thick as is sayde before heate followynge which is moste commenlye of the Southerne wynde or any other wynde of hotte temper doth resolue it againe into water so it falleth in droppes to geue encrease of fruit to the earth and moue men to geue thankes to God There be small showers of small droppes and there be great stormes of great droppes The showers with small drops proceade either of the small heat that resolueth the cloudes or els of the great distaunce of the cloudes from the earth The streames with great droppes contrariwyse doe come of greate heate resoluing or melting the cloude or els of smal distaunce from the earth Wherof we sée an experiment when water is powred forth from an highe place the droppes are smalle but if it be not from height it wyll either haue no droppes or very great The cause why rayne falleth in roūdroppes is both for that y e partes desire the same forme that the whole hathe whiche is round ▪ also that so it is best preserued against all cōtrary qualities like as we sée water powred vpon drye or greasy thinges to gather it selfe into roundels to auoyde the contrarietie of heate and dryenes It is not to be ommitted that raine water although a great part of it be drawen out of the sea yet moste commenly it is sweet and not salt The cause is because it is drawne vp in suche small vapors and that salt part is consumed by the heat of the sunne The rayn water doubtles doth more encrease and cherishe thinges growyng on the earth thē any other water wher with they may be watered because the rain water reteineth much of the sunns heate in it that is no smal comfort to all growyng plantes The water that commeth from heauen in rayne wyll sooner come to putrefaction or stinking then any other because it hath béen made very subtile by heate and also for that it is mixed with so many earthly corruptible substaunces Rayne water that falleth in the sommer by Auicens iudgemēt is more holsome then other water because it is not so colde and moist as other waters be but whotter and lighter