Selected quad for the lemma: heaven_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heaven_n	earth_n	great_a	let_v	6,859	5	4.2631	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A69046	A prognostication euerlasting of right good effect fruitfully augmented by the author, containing plaine, briefe, pleasant, chosen rules to iudge the weather by the sunne, moone, starres, comets, rainbow, thunder, clowdes, with other extraordinary tokens, not omitting the aspects of planets, with a briefe iudgement for euer, of plentie, lacke, sicknes, dearth, warres, &c. opening also many naturall causes worthie to be knowne. To these and other now at the last, are ioyned diuers generall, pleasant tables, with many compendious rules, easie to be had in memorie, manifold wayes profitable to all men of vnderstanding. Published by Leonard Digges Gentleman. Lately corrected and augmented by Thomas Digges his sonne.; Prognostication of right good effect	Digges, Leonard, d. 1571?; Copernicus, Nicolaus, 1473-1543. De revolutionibus orbium caelestium. Part 1. English. Selections.; Digges, Thomas, d. 1595.	1605 (1605)	STC 435.59; ESTC S115715	61,188	112

turne but onely by that daily motion things quite contrarie to these should happen For his motion should be most swift violent that in foure and twentie houres should let passe the whole circuit of the Earth and those things which by sudden turning are stirred are altogether ●onméet to collect but rather to disperse things vnited vnlesse they should by some firme fasting be kept together And long ere this the Earth being dissolued in péeces should haue béen scattered through the heauens which were a mockery to think of much more beasts and all other waights that are loose could not remaine vnshaken And also things falling should not light on the places perpendicular vnder them neither should they fall directly thereto the same being violently in the meane while carried away Cloudes also and other things hanging in the Ayre should alwaies seeme to vs to be carried toward the West The solution of these Reasons with their insufficiencie THese are the causes and such other wherewith they approue the Earth to rest in the middle of the world and that out of all question But he that will maintaine the Earths mobilitie may say that this motion is not violent but naturall And these things which are naturally mooued haue effects contrarie to such as are violently carried For such motions wherein force and violence is vsed must needes bee dissolued and cannot bee of long continuance but those which by nature are caused remaine still in their perfite estate and are conserued and kept in their most excellent constitution Without cause therefore did Ptolomie feare least the Earth and all earthly things should bee torne in pecces by this Reuolution of the Earth caused by the working of Nature whose operations are farre different from those of Arte or as such humane intelligence may reach vnto But why should he not much more think and misdoubt the same of the world whose motion must of necessitie bee so much more swift and vehement then this of the Earth as the Heauen is greater then the Earth Is therefore the Heauen made so huge in quantitie that it might with vnspeakeable vehemencie of motion bee feuered from the Centre least happily resting it should fall as some Philosophers haue affirmed Surely if this reason should take place the magnitude of the heauen should infinitly extend For the more this motion shoulde violentlie bee carried higher the greater should the swiftnesse be by reason of increasing of the circumference which must of necessitie in 24. houres be past ouer and in like manner by increase of the motion the Magnitude must also necessarilie bee augmented thus should the swiftnesse increase Magnitude and the Magnitude the swiftn●sse infinitly But according to that ground of nature whatsoeuer is infinite can neuer be passed ouer The Heauen therefore of necessity must stand and rest fixed But say they without the heauen there is no body no place no emptinesse no not any thing at all whether heauen should or could farther extend But this surely is very strange that nothing should haue such efficient power to restraine some thing the same hauing a very essence and being Yet if wee would thus confesse that the Heauen were indeede infinite vpward and onely finite downeward in respect of his sphericall concauitie much more perhaps might that saying bee verified that without the heauen is nothing seeing euery thing in respect of the infinitenesse thereof had place sufficient within the same But then must it of necessitie remaine immoueable For the chiefest reason y e hath mooued some to thinke the Heauen limitted was Motion which they thought without controuersie to bee indeede in it But whether the world haue his bounds or bee indeede infinite and without bounds let vs leaue that to bee discussed of Philosophers sure we are that the Earth is not infinite but hath a circumference limitted Seeing therefore all Philosophers consent the limitted bodies may haue motion and infinite cannot haue any why doe we yet stagger to confesse motion in the Earth being most agréeable to his forme and nature whose bounds also and circumference wee knowe rather then to imagine that the whole world should sway end turne whose ende wee knowe not no possiblie can of any mortall man be knowne And therfore the true motion indeede to be in the Earth and the apparance onely in the Heauen and that these apparances are not otherwise then if the Virgilian Aeneas should say Prouehimur portu terraeque vrbésque reced●nt FOr a ship carried in a smooth Sea with such tranquilitie doth passe away that all things on the shores and the seas to the saylers seeme to moue and themselues onely quietly to rest with all such things as are aboord with them so surely may it be in the Earth whose motion being naturall and not forcible of all other is most vniforme and vnpeeceiueable whereby to vs that sayle therein the whole worlde may seeme to roule about But what shall we then say of Clowdes and other things hanging or resting in the ayre or tending vpward but that not onely the Earth sea making one Globe but also no small part of the ayre is likewise circularly carried in like sort al such things as are deriued from them or haue any manner of alliance with them either for that the lower Region of the ayre being mixt with earthly and watrie vapours ●ollow the same nature of the Earth either that it be gained and gotten from the Earth by reason of Vicinitie or Contignitie Which if any man maruaile at let him consider how the olde Philosophers did yeeld the same reason for the Reuolution of the highest Region of the ayre wherein wee may sometime beholde Comets carried circularly no otherwise then the bodies Celestiall seeme to be and yet hath that Region of the ayre lesse conuenience with the Orbes Celestiall then this low part with the E●rth But we affirme that part of the ayre in respect of this great distance to be destitute of this motion terrestriall that this part of the ayre that is next to the Earth doth appeare most still and quiet by reason of his vniforme naturall accompanying of the Earth and likewise things that hang therein vnlesse by windes or other violent accident they bee tossed to and fro For the winde in the ayre is nothing els but as waues in the Sea And of things ascending and descending in respect of the world we must confesse them to haue a mixt motion of right and circular albeit it seeme to vs right straight not otherwise then if in a ship vnder sayle a man should softly let a plummet down from the top along by the mast euen to the deck this plummet passing alwayes by the straight mast seemeth also to fall in a right line but being by discourse of reason weyed his motion is found mixt of right and circular For such things as naturally fall downward being of earthly nature there is no doubt but as parts they retaine the

period The second is ♃ who in twelue yéeres performeth his circuit Mars in two yéeres runneth his circular race Then followeth the great Orbe wherein the Globe of mortalitie inclosed in the Moones Orbe as an Epicicle and holding the earth as a Centre by his owne waight resting alway permanent in the middest of the aire is carried round once in a yéere In the fift place is Venus making her reuolutiō in 9. moneths In the sixt is ☿ who passeth his circuit in 80. daies In the middest of all is the Sunne For in so stately a Temple as this who would desire to set his lampe in any other better or more conuenient place than this from whence vniformely it might distribute light to all for not vnfitly it is of some called the Lampe or light of the world of others the minde of others the Ruler of the world Ad cuius numeros dii moueantur Orbes Accipiant leges praescriptáque foedera seruent Trisinegistus calleth him the visible God Thus doth the Sun like a King sitting in his throne gouerne his Courts of inferiour powers neither is the Earth defrauded of the seruice of the Moone but Aristotle saith of all other the Moone with the Earth hath nighest alliance so heere they are matched accordingly In this forme or frame may we behold such a wonderfull Symmetry of motions and situations as in no other can be proponed The times whereby wee the inhabitants of the Earth are directed are constituted by the reuolutions of the Earth the circulation of her Centre causeth the yéere the conuersion of her circumference maketh the naturall day and the reuolution of the ☽ produceth the moneth By the onely view of this Theorick the cause and reason is apparant why in ♃ the progressions and Retrogradations are greater than in ♄ and lesse than in ♂ why also in Venus they are more than in ☿ and why such changes from direct to retrograde Stationarie c. happeneth notwithstanding more risely in ♄ than in ♃ and yet more rarely in ♂ why in Venus not so commonly as in ☿ Also why ♃ and ♂ are nigher the earth in their Acronicall than in their Cosmicall or Heliacall rising especially ♂ who rising at the Sunne set sheweth in his ruddie fierie colour equall in quantitie with ♃ and contrariwise setting little after the Sunne is scarcely to be discerned from a starre of the second light All which alterations apparantly follow vpon the Earths motion And that none of these doe happen in the fixed starres it plainly argueth this huge distance and immeasurable altitude in respect whereof this great Orbe wherein the Earth is carried is but a point and vtterly without sensib●e proportion being compared to that Heauen For as it is in perspectiue demonstrate euery quantitie hath a certaine proportionable distance whereunto it may be discerned and beyond the same it may not be seene This distance therefore of the immoueable Heauen is so excéeding great that the whole O●bis magnus vanisheth away if it be conferred to that Heauen Herein can wee neuer sufficiently admire this wonderfull and incomprehensible huge frame of Gods worke proponed to our senses seeing first this ball of the Earth wherein wee moue to the common sort seemeth great and that in respect of the Moones Orbe is very small but compared with Orbis magnus wherein it is carried it scarcely retaineth any sensible proportion so marueilously is that Orbe of annuall motion greater than this little darke Starre wherein wée liue But that Orbis magnus being as is be●ore declared but as a poynt in respect of the immensitie of the immoueable Heauen we may easily consider what little portion of Gods frame our Elementare corruptible world is but neuer sufficiently be able to admire the immensitie of the rest especially of that fixed Orbe garnished with lights innumerable and reaching vp in Sphericall Altitude without ende Of which lights Celestiall it is to be thought that we onely behold such as are in the inferiour parts of the same Orbe as they are higher so seeme they of lesse and lesser quantitie euen till our sight being not able f●rther to reach or conceiue the greatest part of the rest by reason of their wonderfull distance inuisible vnto vs. And this may well bee thought of vs to bée the glorious Court of the great God whose vnsearchable works inuisible we may partly by these his visible coniecture to whose infinite power and Maiestie such an infinite place surmounting all other both in quantitie and qualitie only is conuenient But because the world hath so long a time beene carried with an opinion of the Earths stabilitie as the contrarie cannot but be now very imperswasible I haue thought good out of Copernicus also to giue a taste of Reasons Philosophicall alleaged for the Earths stabilitie and their solutions that such as are not able with Geometricall eyes to beholde the secret perfection of Copernicus Theorick may yet by these familiar and natural reasons be induced to search farther and not rashly to condemne for phantasticall so ancient doctrine reuiued and by Copernicus so demonstratiuely approued What reasons moued Aristotle and others that followed him to thinke the earth to rest immoueable as a Centre to the whole world THe most effectuall reasons that they produce to prooue the Earths stabilitie in the middle or lowest part of the world is that of Grauitie and Leuitie For of all other the Element of the earth say they is most heauie and all ponderous things are carried vnto it striuing as it were to sway euen downe to the inmost part thereof For the earth being round into the which all waightie things on euery side fall making right angles on the superficies passe to the Centre seeing euery right line that falleth perpendicularly vpon the Horizon in that place where it toucheth the earth must needes passe by the Centre And those things that are carried toward that Medium it is likely that there also they would rest So much therefore the rather shall the earth rest in the middle and receiuing all things into it selfe that fall by his owne waight shall bee most immoueable Againe they seeke to prooue it by reason of motion and his nature for of one and the same simple bodie the motion must also be simple saith Aristotle Of simple motions there are two kindes Right and Circular Right are either vp or downe so that euery simple motion is either downward toward the Centre or vpward from the Centre or Circular about the Centre Now vnto the earth and water in respect of their waight the motion downward is conuenient to seeke the Centre to Aire and Fire in regard of their lightnesse vpward and from the Centre So is it méete to these Elements to attribute the right or straight motion and to the Heauens onely it is proper circularly about this meane or Centre to be turned round Thus much Aristotle If therefore saith Ptolomie of Alexandria the Earth should

nature of the whole No otherwise is it to these things that by fiery force are caried vpward For the earthly fire is chiefly nourished with earthly matter and flame is defined to bee naught els but burning fume or smoke and that the propertie of fire is to extend the subiect whereinto it entereth the which it doth with so great violence as by no meanes or engines it can be constrayned but that with breach of ●ants it will performe his nature This motion extensiue is from the Centre to the circumference so that if any earthly part be fiered it is carried violently vpward Therefore whereas they say that of simple bodies the motion is altogether simple of the circular it is chiefely verified so long as the simple bodie remayneth in his naturall place and perfite vnitie of composition for in the same place there can bee no other motion but circular which remaining wholy in it selfe is most like to rest an immobilitie But right or straight motion onely happen to those things that stray and warder or by any meanes are thrust out of their natural place But nothing can be more repugnant to the forme and ordinance of the world then that things naturally should be out of their naturall place This kind of motion therfore that is by right line is onely accident to those things that are not in their right state or prefection naturall while parts are disioyned from their whole bodie and couet to returne to the vnitie there of againe Neither doe these things which are carried vpward or downeward besides this circular moouing make any simple vniforme or equall motion for which their leuitie or ponderositie of their bodie they cannot be tempered but alwayes as they fall beginning slowly they increase their motion the further the more swiftly whereas contrariwise this our earthly fire for other wee cannot see wee may beholde as it is carried vpwarde to vanish and decay as it were confessing the cause of violence to proceede onely from his matter terrestriall The circular motion alway continueth vniforme and equall by reason of his cause which is indeficient and alway continuing But the other hasteneth to the end and to attaine that place where they leaue longer to be heauie or light and hauing attained that place their motion ceaseth Seeing therfore this circular motion is proper to the whole as straight is onely vnto parts we may say that circular doeth rest with straight as animal cum aegro And whereas Aristotle hath distributed simplicem motum into these three kinds A medio ad medium and circa medium it must bee onely in reason and imagination as wee likewise seuer in consideration Geometricall a poynt a line and a superficies whereas in deede neither can stande without other ne any of them without a bodie Hereto wee may adioyne that the condition of immobilitie is more noble and diuine than that of change alteration or instabilitie and therefore more agréeable to Heauen than to this Earth where all things are subiect to continuall mutabilitie And seeing by euident proofe of Geometricall mensuration wée finde that the Planets are sometimes nigher to vs and somtimes more remote and that therefore euen the maintainers of the Earths stabilitie are enforced to confesse that the earth is not their Orbes Centre this motion circa Medium must in more generall sort bée taken and that it may bée vnderstand that euery Orbe hath his peculiar Medium and Centre in regard whereof this simple and vniforme motion is to be considered Séeing therfore that these Orbs haue seuerall Centres it may bee doubted whether the Centre of this earthly grauitie be also the Centre of the world For grauitie is nothing else but a certaine procliuity or naturall coueting of parts to be coupled with the whole which by diuine prouidence of the Creator of all is giuen and impressed into the parts that they should restore themselues into their vnitie and integritie concurring in Sphericall forme Which kind of proprietie or affection it is likely also that the Moone and other glorious bodies want not to knit and combine their parts together and to maintaine them in their round shape which bodies notwithstanding are by sundrie motions sundrie waies conueied Thus as it is apparant by these naturall reasons that the mobilitie of the Earth is more probable and likely than the stabilitie so if it be Mathematically considered and Geometricall mensurations euery part of euerie Theoricke examined the discréete student shall finde that Copernicus not without great reason did propone this ground of the Earths mobilitie A short discourse touching the variation of the Compasse MArueilous no doubt is that naturall proprietie of the Magnes whereby the néedle touched immediatly turneth to some one certaine point of the Heauens and after sundrie motions hither and thither findeth rest onely in one place and point And albeit this point in seuerall Horizons be different yet in any one Horizon it rem●ineth alway permanent and therfore it plainly appeareth that the same proceedeth of some constant permanent cause naturall and not of any mutable vncertaine cause accidentall But what this cause should bee no man hitherto hath truely discouered To omit apparant absurd opinions the most probable of those that haue been giuen and generally best allowed is the point Attractiue which should bee of such vertue as to draw the needle touched alway toward the same point but whether this point should bee in the heauens or earth is another controuersie Such as will haue it in the earth affirme it to bee a huge mountaine or rocke of Magnes stone distant from the Pole certaine grades which drawing the needle to it selfe alwaies causeth it to make an angle of variation from the Pole of the world saue onely vnder the Meridian that passeth by the same Attractiue point But the error of this opinion will soone be found of them that shall vpon this supposition and two different angles of variation search out the place of that point Attractiue the same being in that Intersection of the two Circles of position by the variations determined and then conferre that with some third angle of variation wherby it shal plainly appeare that in the earth no such one Attractiue point can be imagined as shal by circle of opposition produce such variations as in Nauigation haue been discouered And to place this point Attractiue in any of the heauēs it would appeare more absurd For whether the Heauens moue and the Earth rest immoueable or the Earth moue and the great Orbe of starres be permanent as of necessitie the one or the other must be true considering a motion is apparant it must necessarily follow that his alteration should be in continuall alteration euery houre and moment of the day but by experience we find the contrary and therfore may necessarily be inferred no such Attractiue poynt in that Heauen So that hauing found by these trials this imagination of a poynt Attractiue and such instruments as

the earth and thē the crassitude of Venus Orbe being 910 semidiameters both very nigh supplie and fill the residue They therefore will not confesse that these Planets haue any obscuritie in their bodies like the ☽ but that either with their owne proper light or else being throughly pierced with solare beames they shine and shew circulare And hauing a straying course of latitude they seldome passe betwéene the Sunne and vs or if they should their bodies being so small could scarcely hide the hundred part of the Sun and so small a spot in so noble a light could hardly be discerned And yet Auerrois in his Paraphrasis on Ptolomie affirmeth that he saw a little spot in the Sunne at such time as by Calculation he had forecast a corporal Coniunction But how weake this their reason is it may soone appeare if we consider how from the earth to the lowest of the Moones Orbe there is 38. semidiameters of the earth or by the truer computation according to Copernicus 52. And yet in all that so huge a space we know nothing but the ayre or firie Orbe if any such be Againe the diameter of the circle whereby Venus should be carried nigh 45. grades distant from the Sun must néedes be sixe times greater at the least than the distance of that circles lowest part from the earth than if that whole circle comprehended within the Orbe of Venus should be turned about the earth as néedes it must if we will not attribute to the earth any motion we may easily consider what rule in the Heauens so vaste and huge an Epicicle containing a space so many times greater than the earth Aire and Orbs of the Moone and ☿ also wil make especially being turned round about the earth Againe the reason of Ptolomie that the ☉ must néedes be placed in the middest of those Planets that wander from him at libertie and those that are as it were combined to him is proued senselesse by the motion of the Moone whom wee see no lesse to stray from the Sun than any of those other three superiour Planets But if they will néedes haue these two Planets Orbes within an Orbe of the Sunne what reason can they giue why they should not depart from the Sunne at large as the other Planets doe considering the increase of swiftnes in their motion must accompanie the inferiour situation or else the whole order of Theoricks should be disturbed It is therefore euident that either there must be some other Centre whereunto the order of these Orbes should be referred or else no reason in their order nor cause apparant why we should rather to ♄ than to ♃ or any of the rest attribute the higher or remoter Orbe And therefore séemeth it worthie of consideration that Martianus Capella wrote in his Encyclopedia and certaine other Latines held affirming that ☌ and ☿ do run about the Sunne in their spheres peculiar and therefore could not stray further from the ☉ than the capacitie of their Orbes would giue them leaue because they encompasse not the earth as the others doe but haue their Absides after another maner conuersed What other thing would they hereby signifie but that the Orbs of these Planets should enuiron the Sunne as their Centre So may the Sphere of ☿ being not of halfe the amplitude of Venus Orbe bée well situate within the same And if in like sort wee situate the Orbes of ♄ ♃ and ♂ referring them as it were to the same Centre so as their capacitie be such as they containe and circulate also the earth happily wee shall not erre as by euident Demonstrations in the residue of Copernicus Reuolutions is demonstrate For it is apparant that these Planets nigh the Sunne are alwaies least and further distant and opposite and much greater in sight and nigher to vs whereby it cannot be but the Centre of them is rather to the ☉ than to the earth to be referred as in the Orbes of ☌ and ☿ also But if all these to the Sunne as to a Centre in this manner be referred thē must there néeds betwéen the conuexe Orbe of ☌ and the concaue of ♂ an huge space be left wherein the earth and Elementarie frame inclosed with the Lunarie Orbe of dutie must be situate For frō the earth the Moone may not be farre remoued being without controuersie of al other nighest in place and nature to it especially considering betwéene the same Orbes of ☌ and ♂ there is roome sufficient Therefor néede we not to be ashamed to confesse this whole globe of Elements enclosed with the Moones sphere together with the earth as the Centre of the same to be by this great Orbe together with the other Planets about the Sunne turned making by his reuolution our yéere And whatsoeuer seeme to vs to procéede by the mouing of the Sunne the same to procéede indeede by the reuolution of the earth the Sunne still remaining fixed and immoueable in the middest And the distance of the earth from the Sunne to be such as being compared with the other Planets maketh euident alterations and diuersitie of aspects but if it be referred to the Orbe of starres fixed then hath it no proportion sensible but as a point or a Centre to a circumference which I hold far more reasonable to be granted than to fall into such an infinite multitude of absurd imaginations as they were faine to admit that wil néedes wilfully maintaine the earths stabilitie is the Centre of the world But rather herein to direct our selues by that wisedome we see in all Gods naturall workes where we may behold one thing rather endued with many vertues and effects than any superfluous or vnnecessarie part admitted And all these things although they seeme hard strange and incredible yet to any reasonable man that hath his vnderstanding ripened with Mathematicall demonstration Copernicus in his Reuolutions according to his promise hath made them more euident and cleere than the Sunne beames These grounds therefore admitted which no man reasonably can repugne that the greater Orbe requireth the longer time to runne his period the orderly and most beautifull frame of the heauens doth ensue The first and highest of all is the immoueable sphere of fixed starres containing it selfe and all the rest and therefore fixed as the place vniuersall of rest whereunto the motions and positions of al inferiour spheres are to be compared For albeit sundrie Astrologians finding alterations in the declination and longitude of starres haue thought that the same also should haue his motion peculiar yet Copernicus by the motions of the earth salueth al and vtterly cutteth off the ninth and tenth spheres which contrarie to all sense the maintainers of the earths stabilitie haue béen compelled to imagine The first of the moueable Orbes is that of ♄ which being of all other next vnto the infinite Orbe immoueable garnished with lights innumerable is also in his course most slow and once only in thirtie yéeres passeth his