end we say our daily prayers with our hymns and canticles for this end we meditate for this end we fast and chastise our bodies for this we do penance make restitution give alms frequent sacraments and all that we endeavour according to our poor abilities Gods good counsels and holy grace assisting us He who shall please onely to peruse the writings of Dr. Eckius and his fellow Catholicks who opposed Martin Luther and his Protestant-reformation when it first rose up may there clearly see that this interiour sanctity and renovation and holiness of life is the one great Catholick point stoutly maintained against those wild and dissolute Reformers who began now to corrupt the world with that cursed opinion of theirs that faith alone is sufficient to salvation And what a strange man is this Dr. Stillingfleet If any one indeed of our men had objected to Protestants that in their reformation-way neither penance nor contrition nor satisfaction nor renovation of life is needful according to the first Masters of the Reformation who taught and maintained openly and in the eyes of this very Sun that nothing is necessary to salvation but onely to believe and by that naked faith to apply Christs merits to themselves all interiour sanctification being both impossible and needless he had said no more than truth and what he might easily have proved out of the first Reformers principles however I hope not maintained now by many of our wiser Protestants in England who notwithstanding remain still in that reformation which was chalked out for them by such wicked Leaders But now to lay upon Catholicks that wicked doctrine of Reformers opposed now a whole hundred years by our Catholick Divines is a desperate confidence befitting none but men wholly unconscionable Let them keep their own dirt to themselves and not throw it into our faces however they begin now to be weary and ashamed of it The precepts of holiness sobriety and justice are insignificant to them who have hitherto even from the very cradles of this unlucky reformation publickly defended them to be insignificant and not to us who have still maintained that they are the very all in all of Christianity I have troubled my self some while to think what should move Dr. Still to invent this slander Some word or other he must pervert but I cannot conclude what it should be Perhaps he may take occasion from hence that whereas there be several things concurring to our purification after sin as Gods grace and our dislike of our own ill deeds fear of Gods wrath and punishment grief for his love and favour forfeited an humble confession purpose of amendment and renovation of life some Schoolmen have amongst their other curiosities considered into which of these many things may our justification be principally attributed as the principal virtue and cause of it under God For God who created us without our selves will not redeem us without our selves And if any one in his philosophy have said that confession and sorrow have the chiefest influence on our fide that may be enough for Dr. Still to say as here he does that we make confession and contrition all in all and renovation of life nothing Or perhaps because Catholick Doctors have taught that confession together with contrition may sometimes be so great and cordial at the last hour that evil men may thereby find mercy with God as the good thief did although they have no further leasure to mend and renew their lives therefore does this man conclude that with us confession with contrition is sufficient without any more ado Whence soever he concludes or gathers it he knows best himself But this I know that it is an abominable slander And if all his readers were as skilful in our Catholick religion as we our selves who profess it he would not have dared to speak these things despairing then of finding any credit either with man woman or child § 2. They of the Church of Rome need little to heed a good life who can have their sins expiated in Purgatory by the prayers of the living which is a doctrine very pleasing to rich men but uncomfortable to the poor Pretty stuff And need not then any man heed either to have patience in afflictions or do his duty because another prays to God either that he may do so or find mercy if he have done otherwise Or must he needs be negligent of himself to day because he hopes good people will pray for him to morrow when he cannot help himself Souls departed are by our Christianity believed to be now out of the place and way of merit for there is neither art nor industry nor any good work to be done in the grave whether we all hasten And if friends on earth where Gods favour may by our dutiful compliance be obtained do commend their dead to Gods mercy and goodness this surely cannot make those friends careless of themselves while they remain here living All men know that it is not enough for our entrance into heaven to cry Lord Lord which is the voice of those who think that onely faith saves but the will of God who is in heaven is to be fulfilled by every one that shall enter there And yet it is good and pleasing and profitable notwithstanding to cry and supplicate unto our Lord God with all earnestness of heart both for our selves and friends But the poor are then in a sad condition and the rich man may easilier enter into the kingdom of heaven than a camel through a needles eye by procuring Masses for their Souls Who told this man that the Souls of the poor are not prayed for in the Catholick Church He onely thinks so And he thinks amiss therein as he loves to do Whence doth he gather that the rich go to heaven so easily in our esteem by Masses This he thinks too Perhaps he does For I am much deceived if he do not utter many a falshood which he knows to be such before he utters it At least none of ours ever told him the one nor the other and what we believe or do our selves he may easily mistake and we have had already sufficient experience of his ignorance therein or some worser misdemeanor Prayer or whatever good work of Christianity although it may do some good ye◠does it not therefore do all and what does not all good must not therefore be denied to do some Poor Lazarus's may by their cold hunger and nakedness here on earth patiently endured satisfie for their humane frailties so far with God here that after this life having no utmost farthing to account for they may chance not to need any farther help But the rich men of the world will not easily be brought unto those many voluntary penances and mortifications which their sensualities exact unto their expiation and peace with God It were a happy thing if they would be perswaded in their life-time to distribute part of their goods unto
conditions of the Angels falling from Heaven like lightning And we are here to observe that whatever grace or vertue our Lord had himself should be dispersed among those who follow him with a true and upright heart for of his fulness we all receive even grace for grace Whence we may well conclude that saint Francis Bennet Romwall Bruno and Dominick were Jesus Christs true servants by the graces and visions they had like himself and not that they were fools and fanaticks except we intend that others more forward men should by the same topick conclude the like of Jesus Christ himself and what I pray you Sir would a prophane Rhetorick what sport would it make upon several words of the Gospel concerning our Lord for example Marc. 3. where it is said of him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that he was beside himself Is not this in our Doctors english to be a fanatick saint Francis with the rest slighted the world left their patrimonies went poorly attired beaten reviled scoft at by the world Were not all the Apostles such men in a mind piously disposed these things would seem glorious and transcending the power of flesh and blood either to do or suffer constantly through our whole life without some special assistance from Heaven But where God once inhabits he raises above earthly things those holy tabernacles of his now wholly conversant in Heaven And so much indeed as any man hath of God so much is he he like to saint Francis and Bennet to the Prophets and Aposties of our Lord however these may appear to carnal eys contemptuous and vile Flesh and blood left alone seeks ease wealth fulness honour and whatsoever is gustful to our outward sences or more interiour imagination reduced into concupiscence of flesh concupiscence of eyes and pride of life And he that laughs at the lives of St. Bennet or St. Francis and the rest like unto them can have but little of Gods Spirit in him if any thing at all The stile of the holy Ghost concerning such men is Diametrically opposite unto the jeering phrase of Dr. Stilling fleet By faith saith holy Writ Abraham as soon as he was called obeyed to march forth into a place he should inhabite not knowing whither he went By faith he removed towards a land promised him into a strange country and dwelt in tabernacles and so did Isaac and Jacob heirs with him of the same promise For he looked for a City having a foundation whose builder and maker is God Thus speaks the holy Scripture and is not this St. Bennets case as well as Abrahams Did not he thus march forth out of his father house thus dwell in the tabernacles of rocks and caves looking after a City built above in Heaven and both St. Bennet and Abraham did both of them dye in that their faith and never returned again from whence they came Again by faith saith holy Scripture Moses when he was great refused to be called the son of Pharaos daughter choosing rather to suffer adversity with the people of God then to injoy the pleasures of sin for a season preferring rebukes and taunts before the treasures of Egypt Thus did Moses and is it not the same thing which St. Francis did St. Francis preferred rebukes and taunts for Christs sake whom he loved before the pleasure of his fathers house nay to suffer adversity with Gods peculiar people for that name he rejoyced to be disinherited by his own father Moses then and St. Francis were both of them either wise and holy men or a couple of fools Holy Scripture goes on thus others were tortured and racked others mocked and scourged bound and imprisoned stoned and murdered cast out from amongst men and banished walking up and down in Sheeps skins and Goats skins in need and want in tribulation and affliction wandering in wildernesses in mountains dens and caves of the earth of whom the world was not worthy and all these men through faith obtained a good report Thus speaks holy Writ but Dr. Stilling fleet has no good report for them they are all in his phrase and judgment madmen and fanaticks and unworthy of the world whom the holy Ghost judges beloved and divine Heroes of whom the world is not worthy And our great Lord at the sight of these exulted in Spirit and said I confess to thee O Father Lord of Heaven and earth for that thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent and revealed them to babes So O Father because it so seemed good before thee 4. Another thing also did then much run in my thoughts and it is this that all the whole History of our Lords incarnation passion ascention is liable to the same kind of derision here used by this Doctour Nay the whole Gospel and all the precepts and counsels of Christianity together with all its threats and promises are as meer a folly unto a carnal man that will presume â—o sport himself with them as any thing here derided Few of those who live in this present age are ignorant of this Our ears are beaten with such talk familiarly in all places And the bearer does generally but laugh and applaud the wit of this prophane orator For this reason St. Paul to prevent the cavil acknowledges himself a fool aforehand Ye do willingly bear with fools saith he to the inhabitants of Corinth and take me if you please for such another We are all fools in Christ And if any one doth seem to be wise among you let him become a fool too that he may be wise indeed I know saith he again that the word of the cross is but folly unto desperate forlorn men But Gods folly is wiser than mans wit The foolish things of the world these hath God chosen that he may confound the wise and so hath that holy one ordered his ways and counsels that by folly he might save the world which carnal wisdom had undone These and other things to this purpose speaks that holy man And what I pray you Sir is greater folly with carnal men than to pass by injuries insensibly and suffer our selves to be abused in patience to divide our goods among poor people neither of kin to us nor perhaps known to disdain this present life to fly with all caution the delights and pleasures of it to pant and breath after our last hour so to mannage all our affaires as if our Soul were but a pilgrim in our mortal body to meditate daily on our latter end still to abstract our mind from visible and corporeal things ready to fly hence out of this prison unto our God invisible our bodies either slenderly regarded or wholly neglected or perhaps chastised and curbed that liveing here we may express our Lords death and dying obtain part of his resurrection and glory which yet our eye never saw nor ear heard nor can our heart conceive what it is All this which is but evangelical rules and counsels acted by good
is here put upon the Jesuitical party And yet it is nothing to our purpose if it were But as to the personal designs of them or any others we can no more dive into them then into the several wandering thoughts and purposes of men museing daily in London-streets about their affairs And one man or other thus museing amiss amongst the Jesuits can no more be called the Jesuitical party then such a one here in England be termed the English party Mariana I am sure has been soundly checkt amongst them and other Catholicks for his fault here spoken of And if the Court or Courtiers of Rome have any fancy that they are higher than Kings and by their excommunication can render them Kings no more as this Doctour here speaks this may argue indeed that they are a high minded people But Courtiers do not walk so exactly according to our Christian religion that this can prove that vanity of theirs to be any part of it Catholick Kings who have been here in England well nigh twenty since the Conquest more among the Saxons and others not a few amongst our antient Brittains and the present Catholick Kings of France Spain the Emperour German Princes and others have and do all know well enough that such a fancy is no part of our Catholick religion Nor did our King Henry the Eighth who first left it off express any such cause or reason for it The times would be very good and happy if all the words and actions of every particular man were answerable to his holy faith But this is not to be expected in this evil world And to call that religion which is done or spoken contrary unto it is a very great injury and injustice Our holy religion teaches us to observe and obey our Kings and Superiours as Gods Vicegerents upon earth though they be Infidels and Pagans and rather to lay down our lives for them then suffer them to be hurt And this is nothing but the very law of Nature antecedent to any religion whatsoever and holds good although there were neither heaven nor hell nor any reward or punishment to come And what power can any man upon earth have to take that away which he never gave nor ever had He that creates can only annihilate So long as kings are Catholicks the Pope prays for them And if they cease to be so he is nothing to them any more And yet are they the same they were in all their royalty and power uncontroulably If the King of France should receive the Garter from our King of England he is thought to be so long his friend as he is pleased to wear it But if he throw it off he is King of France still as much as ever he was I know not what the Court or Courtiers of Rome may think or say in this business For what the Doctour here tells us about the Irish remonstrance is a personal business and not so circumstanced that one can draw any general conclusion or position from it But if they be only so much as said either to have conceived or countenanced any such opinion looked upon by all Catholicks and good Christians upon earth as ungrounded fals and impious it behoves them I should think both for the publick good honour of Catholick religion and their own credit to see it censured with all speed that the progress of Christianity be not stopped by it For no Pagan King will venture at a promise of everlasting felicity with the hazard of his Crown at the pleasure of one man whom he never saw nor knows Sure I am if any such opinion had been heard of when Christianity was first planted in Kingdoms it had never found footing in this world And if it be now countenanced the progress of Christianity is at an end I doubt not but that a Cotholick writer may in his controversy about religion if so he pleas defend an opinion also of any one or other who has professed the Catholick religion which he maintains But this is more then any one needs to do For religion is quite another thing derived from another authour and original established in another manner no less differing from an opinion then a fixed star in the firmament from the mist or fog ariseing from the earth Faiâ—h is one known thing but opinions are innumerable and endless If the various opinions entertained in mens minds but one only day in any City of England were all faithfully recorded at night they would exhibite to a Reader a most prodigious spectacle Opinions are infinitly various infinitly changable infinitely contradictory and absurd in the world Nor may we doubt but that thousands of them are contrary both to religion and law Angry rageing men and wanton women unfaithful servants and di obedient children theevs and murderers cheats and liars can we think when they act according to their own disordered passions that they hold not then an opinion that in such circumstances it is expedient for them so to do Wicked sinners hold wicked opinions be the religion what it will Gainsay and blame them in their heat and it will soon appear that they are stiff and resolved in that their opinion by the very fury of their wrath And what will not sycophants and flatterers either say or write to pleas the mind of those on whom they depend even against their own Rules of law and religion are fixt and stable and ever the same But opinions are moveable as water and never right but when conformable to a right rule of some good law and how far they are conformable so far are they right and no more And therfore it is a madness in any one who undertakes to write against the standard of a religion to object instead of that opinions of men For first one man may have an opinion to day and write it also in a book and yet few years after nay perhaps very few days change his mind Secondly the opinion of one man may be gain-said by a thousand as wise as he who live under the same law and religion Thirdly an opinion in a book is indeed nothing at all in the world but a meer pâ—atonick idea till it be reduced to some reall existence by circumstances which actuate it and make the action really to be and some opinions are worse then nothing For which reason all the multitude of opinions which sill up the books of learned Casuists may be exercises of wit indeed but no guids can they be unto action The direction of a liveing Oracle and Counsellour who can penetrate all present circumstances and prescribe by his wisdom on which side is then most of good and least of evil which is the only rule that directs a wise counsellour what to determin this only is our guide in doubts Wherfore the great Princes of the earth recurre not to books in their difficulties but use the wisdom of their counsel wise and grave men who must hear all
never conquered France nor ever gave them any one overthrow in battle And when he was told by a neighbour of this his notorious falshood O quoth he my book two hundred years hence may pass for an authority as good as any that speak otherwise And so I think there may possibly be such impious men who out of their present malice may furnish out a lie to insect posterity in after times But he must be an unconscionable wicked man who can do such a deed § 12. Primitive Christians never used any Images as the learned of the Church of Rome acknowledge He had done well to let us know who are these learned of the Church of Rome But he will not do us that favour And we must still take his word for the judgment of the learned sort always Nay we must believe too that he is ever on the learned sorts side It is indeed unlikely that figures of those holy Persons who first spread our Christianity in the World and made it good both by their lives and death should be frequent in primitive times First because those same figures although they be honourable memories both of their persons and pieties unto whose zeal and goodness we are so much indebted yet are they not so necessarily requisite unto any such purpose but that the Church can be without them Secondly because primitive Christians had not amongst them any such plenty of Artists as we have now a days to make them Thirdly because Pagans would have mis-interpreted the end and meaning of such figures as this our Doctor does in the midst of day light But that in those primitive times there was never any Christian so ill affected towards those pious representations as is Mr. Still appears sufficiently by the testimony of those ancient Doctors who mention incidentally the customs of those primitive times especially about the figure of the Cross which they made continually on their fore-head and breasts as a preservative against evil and kept it all over their houses particularly in their Bed chambers and closets either framed in wood or stone or painted in colours There be notwithstanding the deluge of time which swallows up all things some monuments yet left among us of the respect which those Christians then bore both to the reliques and figures of their Saints The very Chair of St. James the Apostle and first Bishop of Jerusalem Eusebius in the seventh book of his history attests that it was had in great esteem and veneration in all times even to his own days Accordingly S. Clement in his sixth book of apostolical constitutions gives this general testimony of that kind of piety in those primitive Christians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The very relicks saith he of Saints now living with God are not without their veneration Some remainds there be also of an apostolical Council at Antioch gathered out of S. Pamphilus and Origen wherein caution is given both against the Jews malice and Gentile idols by opposing the Images of Jesus and his holy Followers against them both 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ignatius also that worthy apostolical Prelate the third from St. Peter the Apostle in the Chair at Antioch thus signally speaks of the sign of the Cross in his Epistle to Philadelphia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. The Prince of this World saith he rejoyces when any one denies the Cross for he knows the confession of the Cross to be his own ruin this is the Standard against his power which so often as he either sees or hears it spoken of he shakes and trembles thus speaks that glorious Prelate The above-named Eusebius testifies also in the same book of his history that he saw even in his time the brazen Statue of our Lord Jesus which was set up in Paneada in Palestin unto his honour by the woman cured by him of the bloody flix so notable for miracles that they were spoke of all the World over This Statue of our Lord when Julian the apostate caused it to be thrown down and his own to be set up in place thereof a strange sodain fire from Heaven consumed the Statue of Julian as Zozomenus in his fist book witnesses And of the same brazen Statue of Christ our Lord write also Theophilact Damascenus and several others And here we may take notice by the way that charity and devotion set up statues to our Lord but apostasy malice pulls them down And whether Doctor Stillingfleet who busies himself so much to cast down the Images of Jesus our Lord and his holy followers would refuse to have his own set up for his great pains either in Guildhall or Cheapside he knows best himself Truly if that were done I do not believe that any of his neighbours or Countreymen would take him then for a Calf of Bethel Of the Images of the Virgin Mary made by St. Luke there is much fame amongst the antient writers in particular Theodorus Simeon Metaphrastes and Nicephorus The last of which does also attest in his second book that the said precious Relick was carried up and down the whole habitable World of Christians who looked upon it with a most greedy and unsatisfied devotion The same Nicephorus adds moreover how Constantius the Son of Constantine translated the Relicks of St. Luke from Thebes of St. Andrew from Achaia and of St. Timothy from Ephesus unto Constantinople with a vast concourse and joy of Christian People and there with all honour and reverential respect inshrined them in a Cathedral Church dedicated to the Apostles Of the Image also of Christ our Lord imprinted by himself in a Handkercher applyed to his own face and sent to King Abagarus who requested his Picture write Evagrius Metaphrastes and otâ—ers Of another Image of Jesus Christ made by Nicodemus which being ignominiously crucified by the Jews wrought many wonderous miracles we have a solemn testimony of Athanasius cited in the fourth action of the seventh great Synod And all this testifies that Christians in primitive times were affected towards holy Pictures and Relicks as Catholicks are at this day at least not such haters and vilifiers of them as is Dr. Stillingfleet Nor can I conceive how any of the learned in the Church of Rome should be ignorant of these things Nay the very Church of England which this Doctor pretends to defend hath lately put the Images of the Apostles and Primitive Saints into their Common-prayer-book and Primers printed by authority So that if the Doctor had opened his eyes he might have seen clear enough that all this talk of his is now unseasonable however it might have passed well enough in the beginning of the furioâ—s reformation when they pulled down all sacred figures and suffered none to be set up either sacred or common When Husbands broke their Wives pictures and Wives their Husbands least they should give ill example to St. Peter and Paul or incourage any of the twelve Apostles to creep up again upon their Walls
though not intire § 6. But we deny saith he that Divine worship is to be given to the Elements upon the account of a â—â—â—l presence This denial also as the words â—and is good enough For none that I know worship Elements Secondly We deny that the same adoration is to be given out of Communion as in it and this is the only Controversy I had thought he said before that he could worship Christ any where but only in the Eucharist where the corporeal presence determins a worship Now he seems to say that he can worship him in Communion and not out of it and this the only controversie But we must take his grants and danyals singly and not stand to tye them one to another lest we anger our Benefactor What he gives we must take thankfully and not look a gift horse in the month and what he denyes in one page he may grant us in another if we can but have patience § 7. They cannot be sure saith he that the object deserves worship appearing still bread Scripture that saies This is my Body may be otherwise interpreted the sence of the Fathers is hard to find the present Church stands in no stead For is it enough the Pope says it No. If he define it No. If a General Council concur No. Vnless they proceed in a right way and who can be sure of that Now he throws about his Philosophy-dust to perswade us we can be sure of nothing It still appears bread So it does Even Christ our Lord appeared a meer man but the eye of Faith apprehended him the Son of the Living God a Child newly baptized appears but the same it was and yet is believed to be now regenerate and born again all that is in man appears mortal but is not believed so Mulâ—a videntur quae non sunt This divine Majesty hath words of life and power and call the things which are not as those that are and by his naming them makes them to be what he says they are And in those words of life do Caâ—holicks believe and trust when taking bread he solemnly and seriously said at his last hour instituting then an Oblation and Sacrament most soveraigne and venerable to remain in his Church for ever This is my Body and all Christians hitherto have lived and dyed in this Faith Scripture that says This is my Body may be otherwise interpreted Considering they were the last words of our Loving Lord departing from us and his final Legacy bequeathed his believers they cannot be rightly interpreted but as they sound And any other interpretation that has been yet given by any against our Catholick Faith amounts only unto thus much This is not my Body which is a strange mad interpretation The sence of the Fathers is hard to seek saith he But who seeks after it writers of controversies may take pains to cull it out and demonstrate it to unbelievers for their Conversion But Catholicks have their Faith already wherein they are educated and bred up from their youth united to their immediate Pastors as these are to the rest of the Catholick Body The present Church stands in no stead why so that is all in all as the body is to the finger hands and other members in which they all move Is it enough the Pope says it No c. This man here imagins first that Catholicks have their Faith to seek which is his feeble imagination Secondly That Scripture cannot help them for his reason above specified as feeble as it And Thirdly That the present Church can availe as little because the Popes word is not assured as though the Popes word were the present Church And is not all this a strange raving talk All men know I think Sir all men excepting only this spiritual Hâ—ctor that as Catholicks have their Faith and Religion by Tradition from one Generation to another so in it they have ever lived unanimously under their immediate Priests and Pastors united altogether in the great Catholick Body the present Church and never look further Nor is there any need at all either of the Popes word or Councels unless some great sedition or scandalous Apostacy arise in some one or other particular Diocess For then the Bishop of the place calls for help of his fellow Bishops and the supreme Pastor in particular and conciliar Assemblies as Governours extraordinary in a tempest which may indanger the ship And Catholicks thus keeping close together in one body united with their Pastors whom the Holy Ghost hath set over them for their safety and peace cannot but remain steady and immoveable by the assistance and blessing of that Lord who hath promised ever to be with them even to the worlds consummation Nor do they ever seek for their Faith any where for they have it sufficiently already and all their â—are is to conform their lives to it as they ought that they may get Gods good Spirit and his holy operations in themselves which is the end of their Religion and all they do in it And what a pretty peice of ignorance is it in Dr. Stillingfleet to perswade us that they cannot be certain of their Faith who are certain and know themselves certain and declare so much before the face of the Sun and all the eyes of Heaven by their stability fixedness and immovability in Faith even this particular Faith of our Lords presence in the Eucharist so many ages together and such vast distant places not only against the dictamen of their own sences but even against all the violence and subtilty of mankind conspiring to shake all the very nerves and bones of their holy Faith out of joynt Dr. Stilling fleet has more need to consider in Gods fear how Catholicks do arrive to this strange assurance rather than emptily to tell us they cannot be sure § 8. Their own School-men puzle and are unresolved how the whole Humanity can be present how united how terminate a worship c. Here is another handful of his dust his curiosity-dust to lessen our assurance If our School-men puzle and are puzled we must needs be thought unresolved But what do these School-men puzle what are they unresolved in Not in their Faith which says that our Lord is present with us in his holy Eucharist but in the Philosophical Quomodo or how this thing or that thing is And as they cannot disagree in Faith which they received all alike one and the very same so can they not agree in Philosophy which they invent and contrive very divers every one to himself according to his genious and capacity And what is all this unto us believers or to one and another among themselves as they are all Christians even just nothing I say just nothing can the assurance of our Faith be prejudiced by any supervening curiosities of men disputing afterward in their maturer age about the Quomodo of it or the possibility of the contrary to it or the ways of Gods working