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A94173 Ten lectures on the obligation of humane conscience Read in the divinity school at Oxford, in the year, 1647. By that most learned and reverend father in God, Doctor Robert Sanderson, Bishop of Lincoln. &c. Translated by Robert Codrington, Master of Arts. Sanderson, Robert, 1587-1663.; Codrington, Robert, 1601-1665. 1660 (1660) Wing S631; ESTC R227569 227,297 402

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exclusively that is to say one and but one only The Apostle otherwise had made use of a very uneffectual argument to prove what he had propounded For he rebuketh those who unadvisedly did pass their judgments either on the persons or the deeds of other men as the invaders of their Rights Who art thou saith he who Dost judge another As if he should have said dost thou know thy self what thou art and what thou dost It doth not belong to thee to thrust thy sawcy Sicle into the harvest of another man much less boldly to fling thy self into the Throne of Almighty God If already thou are ignorant of it then know that it belongeth to him alone to judge of the Consciences of men to whom alone it doth belong to impose Laws upon the Consciences of men which none can do but God alone 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 There is but one Law-giver It is observable that the Apostle doth ascribe unto God alone the power of saving and destroying from whence we frame the second Argument He only hath power over the Consciences of men either for command or prohibition who hath power with unmerited Rewards to crown the well-doers and with just punishments to torment the transgressors but it is in the power of God alone the onely Law-giver to give Rewards and Punishments according to the quality of every conscience Therefore he alone hath a right and privilege over the Consciences of men X. It is thus proved again in the second place He who alone knoweth the internal motions of the Conscience he only hath the power of prescribing a Law unto them for the Law doth neither determine or judge of things unknown But unto God alone the searcher of the heart the internal motions of hearts and Consciences are discovered Therefore he alone hath the power of imposing a Law upon the Consciences which may oblige them From hence it is that the Laws of men do only bind the external motions of the body to an external Conformity from the knowledge and command whereof all internal motions and several hammers that strike upon the clocks of the mind and Conscience are altogether to be exempted And upon this account it was that not only holy men and endued with the knowledge of the true God such as were the three Captive young men amongst the Babylonians in the third of Daniel and the seven brethren of Maccabeus but many wise men amongst the Heathens did deride the threatnings and torments of Tyrants as exercising their violence not so much upon themselves as upon the outsides only and on the subburbs of them But let us consider what our Saviour Jesus Christ did think himself of these thing● and what Counsels he prescribed to his Disciples concerning them Fear not them saith he that kill the body and after that have no more that they can do upon you but fear him who after he hath killed hath power to cast into Hell yea I say unto you fear him Luke 12. 3 4. As if he should have said Tyrants by the permission of God have power upon the Bodies but upon the Souls and Consciences of men they have no power no right at all the Laws can neither ordain nor afflict any punishment which doth belong to the inward man God hath only the prerogative of the Soul and Body and for the neglect of their duties can afflict punishments on both and condemn the whole man to everlasting torment XI In the third place it is proved by the condition and natural estate of the Conscience it self which as before I have expressed is so placed as it were in the middle betwixt God the Will of man as that which is usually and truly spoken of Kings and Emperours may as truly be verified of the Consciences of every man Solo Deo minores esse nec aliquem in terris superiorem agnoscere They are lesse than God only and on Earth do acknowledge no Superior That speech of the Emperour Maximilian the first is very memorable Conscientiis dominari velle est arcem coeli invadere To exercise a domination over Consciences is to invade the Tower of Heaven He is a plunderer of the glory of God and a nefarious invader of the power that is due unto him whosoever he is that shall claim a right to the Consciences of men or practice an usurpation over them Let the Bishops of Rome and the Canonists and the Jesuits who do flatter and cringe unto him all others take heed that they be not guilty of this so great a Sacrilege I would also have those admonished who do so submit their Consciences to the power of any creature which ought only to be subjected to God himself to be carefull lest whiles they conferre the Honour of that service to the creature which is due unto God alone they make a God of the Creature which at least is interpreted to be Idolatry From this first Conclusion thus proved there followeth this remarkable position That the proper Rule of Conscience is that which God the supreme Law-giver hath prescribed to it and besides that Rule there ought no other to be admitted XII The second Conclusion followeth which is That the next and most immediate Rule of Conscience although it be neither the Adaequate or the supreme Rule is that light with which the mind at that instant is endued 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Socrat ap Stob. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Joh. 1. 9. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nazian Orat 15. And this is the same light which some do call the light of Reason others the Law of the mind and which the Schoolmen following the Philosophers do call right or rectified Reason This is first proved by some places out of the word of God as Luke 12. 57. Wherefore even of your selves do you not judge that which is right They are the words of our Saviour as if he should have said You have the light within you infused into your minds from that true light which enlightneth every man comming into this world by the help whereof unlesse you will be wanting to your selves you can distinguish what is straight from what is crooked and what is just from that which is unjust The Text Rom. 2. verse 14. and 15. is very remarkable Quum Gentes quae legem scriptam scilicet non habent naturâ ea quae sunt legis faciunt Seeing the Gentiles who have not the Law viz. the written Law do by natue perform those things which are of the Law to wit they practice the Acts of Justice Prudence Fortitude and Temperance and of all other Virtues These men having not the Law are a Law unto themselves for they show the works of the Law written in their hearts their Consciences giveing witnesse thereunto and their thoughts either accusing or defending them By which words it is manifest that in the particular Acts of Testifying accusing and defending and in whatsoever Acts that already are committed by any