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A04128 Seven questions of the sabbath briefly disputed, after the manner of the schooles Wherein such cases, and scruples, as are incident to this subject, are cleared, and resolved, by Gilbert Ironside B.D. Ironside, Gilbert, 1588-1671. 1637 (1637) STC 14268; ESTC S107435 185,984 324

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more for edification and the Arguments to the contrary doe not conclude To the first true it is indeed that God himselfe in Scripture imposeth the name Sabbath upon all daies of publique worship in the Iewish Synagogue and the reason was because the very corporall rest was a chiefe thing aimed at in them being both memorative of some things passed and figurative of things also to come But that therefore the daies also of Christian Assemblies should be so called doth not follow because the reason is not the same as shall appear in it's proper place The name Sabbath therefore is no more Morall and to be retained in the times of the Gospell then the name Priest Altar Sacrifice which perhaps our adversaries themselves will allow of in a common large and Analogicall construction If therefore we look to the e Si vocis primaevam significationem spectemus Sabbathum erit omnis dies festus At Scripturae consuetudine Sabbathi nom● ferè appropriatum est diei septimo Estius 3. Sent. d. 37. first and originall signification of the word every Holy-day wherein men rest from their labours and attend the publique worship may be called a Sabbath but if we look at the application of it in Scripture we shall find it appropriated in the first and chiefest sense to the Sabbath day or Satturday in the fourth commandements in the next and subordinate construction to all the Iewish festivals never to the Lords day To the second No man will deny but that antiquity is a good guide in the search of the truth for all errors are upstarts even those that are gray-headed The f Ier. 6.16 Prophet therefore adviseth to ask for the the old way which is the good way but his meaning is that which is simply old not comparatively only The corrupt Glosses of the Pharisees were very ancient * Math. 5.38 Ye have heard that it was said to them of old time an eye for an eye The superstitions of the Romanists are like so many old aches in the body of the Church yet as the one so also the other meere novelties in religion Should I grant the name Sabbath as applyed to the Christian Feast to be of some good standing yet without all Controversy it was not known to the true Primitive times Indeed antiquity ever used one of these foure either Sunday not from g ' Dum sol●s l●tt●iae indulgemus longè aliâ ratione quam religione solis Tert. Ap. cap. 16. the Sunne in the firmament but h Mal. 4.2 the Sonne of Righteousnesse with healing in his wings or the Day of light from the Sacrament of Baptisme called by the Fathers our Illumination or the Day of Bread not from holy bread as Papists now use it but from the other Sacrament of the Supper administred every Lords day or the Lords day which doth and will continue to the worlds end To the third The name Sabbath doth not best acquaint us with the Nature of the Lords day as is pretended For the nature thereof consisteth not either in our corporall or Spirituall Rest or in Remembring the Rest of God in the Creation or in being a pledge unto us of our eternall rest All these are accidentall considerations of the Lords day Indeed the memory of Christs resurrection is essentiall thereunto but not so much in regard of his rest as of his conquest over death and the grave and being made the Lord of the Quick and the Dead It being therefore the Lordship of Christ made evident to all creatures both in heaven and in earth by the Glory of his Resurrection which is then celebrated it ought to be stiled the Lords day not a Sabbath To the fourth What the duties of the day be we shall see hereafter Let it be granted therefore for the present whatsoever the Argument doth suggest the consequent is denied For whatsoever duties are then performed are or at the least ought to be directed in a speciall manner unto the Lord Christ as our service of him The day therefore is to be named not from the nature of the things done but from the quality of the person to whom they are intended and therefore not Sabbath but Lords day And whereas it is said that the name Sabbath may serve to confirme our faith and hope of our eternall Rest I answere that indeed it may be so used by us but was never so intended in the first institution thereof and being a consideration so remote it cannot claime to denominate To the fifth It is indeed most rue that we ought not especially in matters of Religion to innovate though but words and Phrases although perhaps insignificant and improper much lesse ought we to swarve from such language as is most savory and religious but which name hath most salt the Sabbath or Lords day I hope it doth appear by this which hath been said And who speaks most Religiously the Apostles and the whole Church or some few private persons of late yeares is easy to determine CHAP. 14. Wherein the Question concerning the duration of the day is proposed and the arguments for the day naturall are set down AMongst those things which disquiet and perplexe the consciences of the weak concerning the Lords day this is not the least where it is to begin and how long it lasteth For God requiring of us perfect and entire obedience without diminution or defalcation and h Iames 2.10 S. Iames saying that he that faileth in one point is guilty of all unlesse every minute of time which the Lord requireth of us as his tribute and homage be duly tendred to him our whole labour bestowed upon the parts and peices of the day is not regarded It is also that which concernes the most sort of our inferiour people to be satisfied in le●st the Commandement requiring one thing their employments another they many times wound their Consciences and rob themselves of that peace which otherwise they might enjoy We must therefore before we proceed any farther inquire whether the Lords day be to consist of any certain determinate number of houres as being a Naturall day or Artificiall And here our Adversaries are very positive that the Christian mans Sabbath as well as that of the Iewes is to consist of full twenty foure houres and they have these reasons First all the time that the Commandement requires is to be observed But that the Commandement of the Sabbath requires a whole naturall day from evening to evening is undenyable Therefore c. If any man say the Commandement was Ceremoniall and so proves nothing for the Christian observation it may be replied that this being granted of all the other branches yet it is not so in this For no man can shew how the time of twenty foure houres can be in any respect mysticall Though therefore the rest of the latter should vanish as a shadow yet in this particular it must needs continue Morall Secondly no one
the text saith expressely from the day after the first Sabbath or as our old translation hath it thou shalt number unto that day And g Verba includuut diem non excludunt Ioseph Ant. lib. 3. c. 13. Iosephus himselfe a Iew saith the words are inclusive not exclusive Others h Bell. de cultu Sanctorum lib. 3. cap. 13. therefore say that the first day of unleavened bread which was to be a Sabbath happening to be Friday and the morrow after being their weekely Sabbath the Iewes transfer'd the former into the latter and kept two Sabbaths in one as their custome was propter olera mortuos making it by this meanes a greater or higher day as the * Ioh. 12.31 Evangelist cals it This being done they begin to account from that great or high day and so the Lords day was the first and last of those fifty But when all this stirre is made about the day of Pentecost on which the holy Ghost was given first this fell out by meere accident and from the superstitious conceit of this people concerning their Sabbaths that it was not lawfull for them in them to bury the dead Secondly what loosenesse is in the conclusion gathering any thing from any thing The holy Ghost was given on that day therefore it was a Sabbath of Divine institution To the seven and twentieth This also savours of the like loosenesse Indeed if God did never reveale himselfe unto his Prophets but on Sabbath dayes the inference were tolerable but this I thinke no man will affirme I presume God revealed as much to Daniel in his kind as S. Iohn in his must therefore the daies of Daniels revelations be Sabbaths Besides who can tell whether the Lords day of which S. Iohn speaks were the Lords day which we keepe or Easter day the solemnity of Christs resurrection which S. Iohn his Disciples observed as it fell out according to the Iewish supputation To the eight and twentieth This being drawne from the Iudgements of God is full of rash presumption For * Esa 55.8 Gods wayes are not as mans but secret and unsearchable his judgements past finding out But in this place it is as fallacious as presumptuous affirming Non causam pro causa assigning that to be the cause of the judgements which is not For the day is one thing the prophanation irreligious contempt of Gods ordinances appointed upon that day by the Constitutions of the Church and the law of the Land is another These indeed be sinnes highly provoking Gods wrath but no respects which God hath to this day more then to another doth pull down his judgements And therefore I doubt not but if the day were changed into any other there would be as exemplary judgements of God revealed from heaven against this kind of ungodlinesse of men as ever were in any ages upon the Lords day I denie not but that a Synod held at Paris reports diverse strange accidēts which befell the Prophaners of this day Some killed with Lightnings whil'st they were at Plough others taken with a suddain shrinking of the Sinews others consumed in a moment as Iobs * Iob. 1.16 Cattle and Servants by fire from heauen Et multa alia terribilia iudicia many more dreadfull Iudgements as that Synod speaks But let any man cast his eyes upon the beginning of that i Nullo modo divinae authoritati concordat quod religio Christiana sicut à sanctis patribus traditū accepit et Ecclesiae authoritas se habet diem Dominicū reverentèr venerabiliterque non colit Con. Par. cap. 50. Chapter and he shall find that they esteemed and taught the Lords day to be observed only by Ecclesiastical authority And though they enlarge themselves in the praises of the day yet they speak not a syllable of any divine institution either from Christ or his Apostles To the nine and twentieth Indeed here is a Cloud of witnesses as darke as thick and I hope sufficiently dispelled by the light of truth That these arguments are all probable I cannot find but on the contrary they cannot therefore be Demonstratiue that are not Topicall But grant them to be probable let them be pressed for such and no more let not the conscience of our hearers be fettered with probabilities Lastly the authorities alleaged are for the most part also satisfied in their severall places CAP. XXI A preparatiue discourse to the two maine questions which follow concerning the observation of the Lords day HAving examined the originall and institution of the Lords day it remaines only that in the last place wee enquire after what manner it ought to be observed in the Church what be those duties of the day unto which in particular the conscience is bound under the penalty of sinne For how soever this be the last conclusion in our adversaries positions yet it is the first in their intentions and I doubt not but they would willingly shake hands with us in all the rest might this be yeelded Necessary therefore it is that this be knowne not only for the satisfying of many weake consciences who are wavering herein and therefore daily wounded but also for the better according of these Questions formerly disputed But should we be exact in the discussing hereof it would proue to be a Hydra of many doubts For it being agreed betweene us that the whole observation of the Lords day doth consist in a Dichotomy being divided betweene rest and holinesse there arise out of both sundry scruples which may be ranged under these two heads First whether they be ioyntly and equally commanded as essentiall duties or whether the duty of holinesse be essentiall and that wherein the sanctification of the day consists The duty of rest being on the other side only accidentally commanded as it stands in relation to the duties of holinesse Now supposing as it is commonly taught that corporall rest and cessation from workes is enioyned as an essentiall dutie it is necessary to know in what measure and degree it is required of us Christians in the time of the Gospell whether in that rigour and strictnesse as was exacted of the Iewes under the Law And under this head come fiue particulars by name about which many disputes haue beene raised amongst the weake First whether all workes of profit which are not of absolute necessity be forbidden as sinnes upon that day how lawfull and commendable soever they be upon other daies as journyes Harvest workes ordinary trades Secondly works of pleasure honest recreations in themselues lawfull and not prohibited by the Church and State Thirdly works of the minde as the studying of Arts and Sciences which are not parts of Divinity but only usuall hand-maids thereof as the tongues Philosophy Fourthly all conferences discoursings consultations about things of common life and meerely civill Lastly Whether a more liberall use of Gods creatures in feasts and entertainments of friends neighbours either Anniversary as