Selected quad for the lemma: heaven_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heaven_n	day_n	earth_n	light_n	7,461	5	6.5502	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42508	The poetical histories being a compleat collection of all the stories necessary for a perfect understanding of the Greek and Latine poets and other ancient authors / written originally in French, by the learned Jesuite, P. Galtruchius ; now Englisht and enricht with observations concerning the gods worshipped by our ancestors in this island, by the Phœnicians, and Syrians in Asia ... ; unto which are added two treatises, one of the curiosities of old Rome, and of the difficult names relating to the affairs of that city, the other containing the most remarkable hieroglyphicks of Ægypt, by Marius d'Assigny ...; Histoire poétique pour l'intelligence des poéts. English	Gautruche, Pierre, 1602-1681.; D'Assigny, Marius, 1643-1717.	1671 (1671)	Wing G384; ESTC R15913	274,012	534

Hand was a Harp and three Graces and in the other a Shield and Arrows He was reputed the Father of many Eminent Persons of Aesculapius of Eleutherus of Delphus of Philandrus of Janus of Miletus and of Arabus c. He was famous for Oracles at Delphs There was a most stately Temple enriched with the Gifts of many Princes dedicated to Apollo Croesus enriched it with much Gold and Silver In it was a dark Cave where a Trivet of Gold did stand upon which the Pythia or Priest of Apollo did sit When the Oracle was consulted she began immediately to swell and foam being possessed with an evil Spirit who did give an answer to the parties that were present they did never appear with empty hands The Custom was before the Oracle was questioned to offer sacrifice to Apollo that was there named Ismenius Now the Sacrifices that were pleasing to him were Bullocks Lambs and young Heifers The Wolf also the Crow the Swan the Hawk the Juniper the Lawrel the Olive and the Hyacinth were consecrated to him Some do say That under the Trivet hath been seen a Dragon that did give Answers to the Petitioners In several places he did give Oracles but the most noted was Delphs a City in Greece that is said to be the middle of the World for the Poets report That Jupiter being desirous to know where the middle was let fly two Eagles at the same instant the one from the East the other from the West and that they both met at the City of Delphs Therefore in remembrance of this a Golden Eagle was laid up in the Temple and consecrated to Apollo During his Disgrace he assisted Alcathous as well as Laomedon to build his Labyrinth where he had fixed a stone upon which his Harp being laid it gave unto it the wonderful virtue of sounding melodious Tunes when it was touch'd with any hard Instrument The Romans erected several Altars to this God distinguished by many Names There was one to Apollo Coelispex and another to Apollo Medicus And when Augustus got the Victory of Antonius and Cleopatra he built a Temple to Apollo Palatinus called also Actiacus Navalis and Paraetonius The Doors were of Ivory and Gold and within were many Statues of Gold and Silver it was also enriched with the Spoils of the Enemy There was also in Rome Apollo Sandaliarius Sosianus Tortor Thuscanicus They did solemnize in honour of him publick Playes called Ludi Apollinares Aesculapius was one of his Sons begotten of the Nymph Coronis and because she had admitted another to her Bed when she was big with Child of Diana some say Apollo kill'd her with an Arrow but he saved the Child by cutting it out of her Womb. The truth is This Aesculapius was a poor Infant cast away and laid in a Wood near Epidaurus by the cruel Parents that were ashamed to own it Some Huntsmen fortunately found it and seeing a lighted flame a●out the Head they look'd upon it as a prognostick of the Child 's future Greatness it was therefore delivered by them to a Nurse named Trigo the Poets say a Goat gave him suck he studied Physick under Chiron the Centaure He proved so excellent a proficient in this kind of Learning that he was generally esteemed the God of Physick In the City of Tetrapolis belonging to the Ionians he had a Temple full of rare Gifts offered by those that did ascribe their Recoveries from sickness to the Power of Aesculapius The walls also were covered and hung with the memorials of the miracles done by him The Romans sent for him from Epidaurus when their City was troubled with the Plague They say that the Serpent that was Worshipped there for Aesculapius did follow the Ambassadors of its own accord to the Ship that transported it to Rome Where it was placed in a Temple built in the Isle called Tiberina The sick people were wont to lie in it and when they found themselves no better they did scold at Aesculapius He was painted as an old man with a long Beard Crowned with a branch of a Bay-tree in his Hand was a staff full of knots about which a Serpent had twisted it self at his Feet did stand a Dog or an Owle These particulars were Representations and Hierogliphicks of the Qualities of a good Physician Who must be as cunning as a Serpent as vigilant as a Dog as full of Experience as an old Senior to handle such a difficult and troublesome staff as Physick It is reported of Dionysius of Sicily that he cast a good jest upon Aesculapius to cloak his Sacriledge for when he came into a Temple where the Statues of Apollo and Aesculapius were together and that of Aesculapius had a grave Beard of massive Gold he told him that it was not just he should have a Beard and that Apollo his Father should have none therefore he caused it to be taken away and melted for his use Vnto this God they did dedicate the Serpent the Raven the Goat the Dog and the Dragon And for his sake in the Woods near the City of Epidaurus the Grecians did celebrate Playes every five years nine daies after the Isthmian CHAP. VI. The History of Diana THis Goddess hath three names either because of three Offices that are attributed to her or because the Poets do confound three Divnities in one She hath been represented with three Heads and then she was called Triple Hec●te In the Heaven she is Luna the Moon In the Earth Diana And in Hell Pros●rpina First as she is the Moon she is called Phoebe because of her Brother Phoebus from whom she borrows her Light She is also named Cynthia and Delia from the place of her Nativity She grew amorous of the Shepheard Endymion that Jupiter had condemned to a perpetual sleep because he had been too familiar with Juno his Wife Diana hid him from the sight of Jupiter in a Mountain The truth is That Endymion did study very much the motions of the Moon and for that end he was wont to pass the nights in the retired places to behold her with less interruption The Sorcerers of Thessaly did boast to have the power of drawing her to the Earth by their Charms They imagined that she did come here below to walk amongst us when she did disappear to our eye-sight by an Eclipse She is also called Diana upon Earth and so she is the Goddess of Woods of Mountains and of Huntsmen Therefore she is always painted armed with Bow and Arrows and threescore Maids or Nymphs in her train She had some Office when Women were brought to Bed and so she was named Lucina She did alwayes keep her Virginity and therefore would never suffer any thing to the prejudice of her Honour For that reason she did severely punish the rashness of the Hunter Acteon who having met her with her followers he beheld her with too much curiosity whiles she was washing her self She was not

inclinations and dispositions did lead to the knowledge of the Truths intended for Instruction All their Divinity their Philosophy and their greatest secrets were comprehended in these ingenious Characters for fear that they should be prophaned by the inquisition and acquaintance of the Common People The Learned of Antiquity seem not willing to make them share in any part of the profound sciences therefore Alexander was displeased at his Master Aristotle for publishing some of his Treatises that contain the Curiosities of Nature in the common Language Doubtless the Heathens had very good reasons to keep from the Vulgar some of their Mysteries for they did see what we have experienced to our sorrow That too much knowledge is as dangerous as a stupid Ignorance when such do possess it who have not wisdom to make a right use of it Sublime Mysteries in the shallow pates of the Commonalty do serve but to fill their minds with lofty conceits of their excellency For as their worldly Affairs cannot suffer them to make it their business to study they can never attain but to the imperfect knowledge of a few Notions which are apt to bewitch them with an invincible fancy of their own sufficiency and to make them despise the wholsom admonitions of their Teachers I consess we are not to opppose Gods command of permitting the People to enjoy the benefit of his holy word but I think it the concern of this divided Nation to have such prudent Ministers in every Parish that can know what to Preach to their Auditors I think it very dangerous to declare indifferently any Mystery unto them S. Paul's wisdom could pro-Vide Milk for Babes as well as strong meats for grown sttomaks Knowledge is to be fitted to the capacities of every one and some Truths are more useful concealed than divulged It is neither just nor proper that the sublime Inquiries of the learned Brains concerning many Mysteries should be as ordinary as A B C. The wise Priests of the Egyptians for this cause did vail their knowledges of God and of Nature under the shadow of their Hieroglyphicks from the view of every Mechannick But these ingenious Inventions were contrived not only to hinder the sublime knowledge of Philosophy from being prophaned but also that they might abbreviate the diffused Notions of that science and fit them for a more easie comprehension and ●or a better retention of them in our memories Every name is an abbreviation of a Thing but it is not able to give such a perfect Idaea of the Properties and hidden Qualities of the Things intimated as the Picture of them in a witty Hieroglyphick The Great Creator of all things hath been pleased to discover unto us in this manner his Divine pleasure and all the excellencies of his Being In the Old Testament the Mysteries of the Gospel were delivered to the Children of Israel in Types a●d Figures And in the great Book of Nature God teacheth us by Mysterious Impressions of himself by Natural Hieroglyphicks by certain significant Images of his Glorious Being We may therefore say that these witty contrivances of the Egyptian Priests were designed to bring men to a more easie discovery of the meaning of all Gods works in the World They were as the Elements to enable us to understand the Glory the Power the Wisdom t●e Goodness and the other Attributes of God These Hieroglyphicks are also useful for our Belief and to persuade men to embrace Virtue and Piety for when they shall see Brute-Beasts inclinable to good manners They cannot but think it a great Disgrace to the reasonableness of their Nature if they did suffer them 〈◊〉 ●xcell in this particular The Egyptians had also a design to render their Knowledges immortal by th●se Inventions I am certain for that purpose they did engrave their Hieroglyphicks upon Obelisks upon Pillars of Marble as Lucan saith Non dum flumin eos Memphis conte●ere libros Noverat in saxis tantùm volucresque feraeque Sculptaque servabant magicas animalia linguas But they did not only express Things and some secret Knowledges by their Hieroglyphicks but also whole sentences They did write all their Rules and Precepts relating to the Worship of their Gods or to the Government of the Kingdom in this manner I am informed by some Worthy and credible Persons who have been Factors in India that at this day there are three or four Nations whose Languages are as different as Greek and Hebrew and yet they understand the Writings of one another so that what one writes in one Language the other can read in another 〈…〉 be but by certain Hieroglyphicks 〈…〉 Characters Representing the 〈◊〉 of things which are known to men of all 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ●ongues It is not long since the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 had a Writing of this nature sent to him from an Eminent Person of the Court of France for him to interpret But that we may treat of these Hieroglyphicks with order we shall view those that relate to God and to his outward Works 2. Those that concern man 3. We shall consider several other Inventions of this kind concerning Birds Beasts and Fishes c. CHAP. I. Of GOD and of His Works THE Egyptians did look upon the World as the great Image of God One of their Divinities was named Kneph He was represented as a beautiful man with Feathers upon his Head a Girdle and a Scepter in his hand out of his mouth did proc●ed an Egg which was the Hieroglyphick of the World For the shell of it expresseth very well the Heavens that do shut in all visible things on every side the white is an Emblem of the Air and Water the yellow of the Earth which contains in it a secret virtue that causeth it to produce living Creatures by the assistance of a natural heat It s coming forth out of the Mouth shews how he is the great Creator of the universe and how all visible Beings have been formed by the Power of the Eternal Word of God They did also Picture Almighty God as the Body of a Man covered with a long Garment bearing on the top the head of a Hawk For the excellency the courage the nimbleness and the good qualities of this Bird do shadow out unto us the incomprehensible Perfections of its Great Creator The Sun was also represented by this Bird that is a perfect Emblem of its Powerful influences in the World some do observe that this Creature can stedfastly look on the Sun and that the Bones of it do draw to them the Metal of the Sun Gold as the Lode stone Iron God was also adored in the form of a Crocodile because that Creature only is without Tongue The witty Egyptians therefore did represent by it how God beholds all things in Heaven and in Earth with a Profound silence The Capacious Heaven they understand to be an expression of his Divine Majesty therefore some of the Egyptians did Adore the Circle of the Heavens The Light

admitted into the room where she was in Labour of her Children as the Princes of the Blood-Royal of France are when the Dauphin is born into the Queens Chamber When Jupiter went to deliver his Father an Eagle gave him a happy Omen of his future victory and greatness therefore he claimed that Bird as his own The Cecropes promised him assistance when he resolved to drive his Father out of the Kingdom but when they had received his money they refused to follow him therefore he changed them into Apes Assoon as Jupiter had cast his father into prison from whence he did afterwards escape into Italy all the Gods came to congratulate with him for his victory in a noble banquet unto which they were invited by him Apollo sung his praises in a purple garment Jupiter commanded that men should not feed upon humane flesh but content themselves with Acrons therefore the Oake was dedicated to him He is called Jupiter à juvando Despiter quasi diei pater the father of the day and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 life because he is taken for the heavens and the firmament that by their continual motions and influences do entertain and infuse life into every thing as also because of the universal power of God that moves and supports all visible beings He had as many and as different Statues as Names the Heathens painted him an Old-Fellow sitting upon a Throne with a crown upon his head cloathed with a rich garment sparkling with stars and representing flashes of fire In his hand two globes that intimated Heaven and earth under him Neptune's Trident and a carpet representing the tail and feathers of a Peacock Sometimes they gave him Thunderbolts in his hand which were painted as crooked iron-bars sharp at the end joyned together in the middle The Aegiptians that did worship him in the figure of a Kam represented his providence by a scepter bearing in the top of it a great eye All the people of the world did worship him especially the Romans who granted to him several Titles of honour and erected many Temples to him in their City The cheif was the Capitol therefore he was called Capitolinus He was also named Deus pater indiges by Aeneas when he arrived in Italy Jupiter Inventor by Hercules when he recovered his Oxen that were lost Jupiter feretrius a feriendo hostem by Romulus who built unto him a Temple Jupiter Stator a sistendo because he stopt the Romans in their flight at the request of Romulus Latialis Jupiter was he that was worshipped by the Latine People as well as by the Romans There was also in Rome Jupiter Sponsor Jupiter Imperator Jupiter pistor Jupiter Victor Jupiter Lucetius à luce Jupiter Tonans Jupiter Ultor Conservator Jupiter Fagutalis because the Beech-tree was dedicated to him Jupiter Praedator Marianus Pompeianus because Marius and Pompey had built for him these stately edifices CHAP. IV. Of Juno and of her Children IVno was named the Queen of the Gods the Goddess of the Kingdomes and Riches because she was Wife of Jupiter She had also a Jurisdiction and a Command over Marriages and Child-bearing which caused many fair Temples and Altars to be erected to her Honour She brought forth Hebe Goddess of Youth and placed and advanced her so far in the favour of Jupiter that she always poured forth unto him Nectar to drink until she was displaced by Ganimedes Vulcan was also her Son but when Jupiter saw how ill-shap't and ugly he was to behold when he came first into the World he kickt him down from Heaven so that the poor Babe fell upon the Earth and broke one of his legs whereof he halted ever after When he came to be of years he followed the Trade of a Black-smith and work't for the rest of the Gods especially for Jupiter for whom he made Thunder-bolts For that purpose he had several Forges or Shops in the Isles of Lemnos Lipara and in Mount Aetna Some were appointed to assist him and they were called Cyclopes because they had but one great Eye in the middle of their Forehead the most famous of them were Brontes Steropes and Pyracmon But that we may return to the affairs of Juno the Poets do mention a great injury that she pretended to have received from Jupiter when he was resolved alone without her assistance to bring forth the Goddess Pallas otherwise called Minerva They tell us that he performed his design and that Pallas came out of his Brain in a gallant Armor the Lance in her hand dancing a Dance called the Pyrrhick which was proper to Martial Men invented by Pyrrhus Son of Achilles and which was agreeable to a Tune named Hyporchematick For these reasons she was held to be the Goddess of War and to have a hand and in-sight in all the Battels they did nevertheless attribute to her the invention of several Arts and Sciences which are the Ornaments of Peace therefore the Athenians did pay unto her a singular homage and respect having instituted several solemn Festivals in honour of this Goddess as the Panathenees which were kept with divers rare Spectacles and expressions of joy Juno was inwardly chaft at the birth of this Goddess because she had no hand in the business and therefore she resolved to revenge her self upon Jupiter by a like action she resolved to have a Child without any acquaintance with her Husband The Goddess Flora saith Ovid taught her the means she gave unto her a certain Flower of a strange nature which caused her to conceive and bring forth Mars the God of War as well as Pallas Juno did fee and entertain in her service a certain Fellow full of Eyes called Argus to observe and relate unto her the actions of her Husband Jupiter When part of his Eyes were oppressed with sleep the rest were waking But Jupiter was not pleased with this watchful Spy and therefore he sent the God Mercurius to lull him asleep with his Pipe and kill him at which Juno was inwardly grieved Therefore to reward the faithfulness of her dead Servant she changed him into a stately Peacock that shews yet in his feathers the great number of the Eyes of Argus Juno the Sister of Jupiter signifies the Air she saved her Brother from death as soon as he was born he requited that good Office by Marrying and raising her to the honour of Queen of Heaven and Earth But she was not willing to consent to this Incestuous Marriage therefore Jupiter imployed his skill and wit to bring it to pass He took the shape of a Cuckow and in Storm lighted upon her Lap Juno out of pity received the Bird into her Bosom to shelter it from the violence of the weather but when the subtil Bird felt the warmth of her body it took again the form of Jupiter who obtained his desire by a promise of present Marriage Now Juno was represented upon a Throne sitting with a Scepter in her hand and a

attributed unto him and by the famous persons that were said to Be his Sons First He was taken for the Sun and in this Quality he had the name of Pboebus given to him that is by interpretation The Light of the Living It is true that some do differ in their relations concerning the Sun and say that his Father was one of the Titans named Hyperion from whence it is that he is called Titan. They have imagined that he rides upon a glorious Chariot that every night he goes down to rest in the Ocean until the next day when the Hours do prepare him his Horses to begin again his course He did seem to delight in the Isle of Rhodez more than any other part of the World for this reason because as Solinus doth report there is no day never so dark nor clouded but the Sun appears to the Inhabitants there Besides they say that in this Island he begat his Daughter Rhodia He sent down in it showres of Gold and caused on his Birth-day Roses to open and spread The Rhodians did dedicate unto him that famous Colossus of Brass of 800 feet in height and of a proportionable bigness which was broken down by the Sarazens that took the Island in the year of our Lord 684. When it was beat in pieces they loaded above 900 Camels with it This was esteemed one of the seven Wonders of the World Amongst the most famous places where Apollo did give Oracles Delphos was one of the chief In it was a glorious Temple or Fabrick enriched with innumerable gifts which came from every corner In it was a Woman Priest named Poebas otherwise Pithia or Pythanissa that received the Enthusiasme sitting upon a little Table supported with three feet it was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Cortina because it was covered with the skin of the Serpent Python This God was also esteemed the Inventer of Musick he flead the Satyre Marsias alive because he was so impudent and daring as to challenge him to sing The Muses that were Daughters of Jupiter and of Mnemosyne were committed to his tuition their names were Calliope Clio Erato Thalia Melpomene Therpsicore Euterpe Polymnia or Polyhymnia and Vrania They had several names according to the several places where they did dwell Sometimes they were called Pierides because of the Forrest Pieris in Macedonia where they were said to be born sometimes Heliconiades from the Mountain Helicon which is nigh to their beloved Parnassus from whence also they were named Parnassides and Cytherides from the Mountain Cytheron Castalides and Aganippides from two noted Fountains that were consecrated unto them These Muses by the assistance of Apollo invented Musick Their chief Office was to be present at the solemn Festivals and Sacred Banquets and there to sing the praises of the famous men that they might encourage others to undertake glorious actions They were esteemed for their Chastity which they did profess so much that when Admis the Favorite of Venus offered to stir up in them some inclinations of Love they fell upon him and put him to death The Children of Apollo were many besides that Rhodia mentioned before He had Atha the Father of Medea King of Colchos unto whom was committed the Golden Fleece by Phrixus the Son of Athamas King of Thebes when he fled with his Sister from the fury of his Step-mother as you shall see in the eleventh Chapter Apollo had another Daughter named Pasiphae married to Minos King of Crete and who became at last enamoured with a Bull by whom she had the Monster called Minotaure Phaeton was also his Son This young Gallant had an ambitious fancy to govern the Chariot of the Sun and to give light to the World for one day But not knowing the right way through the middle of the Air and wanting strength to rule the winged Horses that ran so swiftly he set the Heaven and part of the Earth in a flame For which cause Jupiter being offended kill'd him with his Thunderbolts and cast him head-long into the River of Padus in Italy that is otherwise called Eridanus where his Sisters afflicted with his misfortune were changed into Poplar-trees and their Tears into Amber as the Poets say After this Conflagration there happened an Universal Deluge when Deucalion the Son of Prometheus was King of Thessaly for the waters were so great as they say that all living Creatures were destroyed only Deucalion and Pyrrha his Wife were forced for the safety of their lives to seek a retreat upon the top of Mount Parnassus When the Waters were abated and that they saw themselves alone in the World they requested the Gods to create some other men to keep them company or to deprive them of their lives Themis the Goddess of Justice sent them word that their desire might be accomplished if they did but cast behind them the bones of their Grandmother They presently imagined that this Grandmother was the Earth therefore according to this order they gathered up the stones and cast them over their backs Those that were cast by Deucalion were turned into men and those that came from Pyrrha became women By this Stony Generation all the Earth hath been fill'd This Deluge and another that happened in the time of Ogyges King of Thebes are the most remarkable in the writings of the Poets This Deucalion is commended for his Piety and Justice and is said to have built the first Temple for the worship of God It is plain by the circumstances mentioned in the Poets that this Fable is borrowed from the truth of the Scripture from the History of Noah who saved himself and his family from the universal Deluge by Gods appointment Nicolaus Damascenus and Berosus Chaldeus two of the ancientest Historians do mention this Deluge with some difference from the Scripture Moreover they say That the Ark in which mankind was saved did continue till their daies upon Mount Barin in Armenia where it was worshipped as well in requital of that good service that it had rendred as because of those Diseases that it did cure and the miracles that it did work Abidenus relates the same Story with some change of Names This is an infallible a argument to prove the Truth of this Story seeing so many persons that did live at such a distance one from another that they had scarce any correspondency between themselves but none with the Possessors of Moses writings do all agree in one Relation From hence it may be easily proved That they had this and all their other Stories that are agreeable to those of Moses from the Tradition of their Forefathers as Moses had his Apollo was one of the most gentile Gods of the Heathens of whom they do not relate such filthy Stories as of the others He was the God of Wisdom Physick Musick Learning and Arching He was represented as a young man without a Beard and Rayes of light about his Head in one

centuriala was when the People were met together in Centuries to give their Votes Now a Century was an hundred Men belonging to one of the six Classes into which Servius Tullius divided the Roman People This was done according to every mans Estate The first Classis was the richest and the most sufficient for none was admitted into it unless he was worth above eight hundred Crowns as every man of the second was to be worth above a hundred so proportionably of the other Classes The lowest sort of People were named tenuis census homines men of a small Estate In every Classis were many Centuries reckoned some mention 139 in all When they were assembled the plurality of voices in the Centurie did overcome and so when the Votes of all the Centuries were collected the Plurality did also carry the choice Over every Century there was a ●udicious and couragious person appointed named Centurio as over the Militia of the City of London in every Quarter there is a Captain There were many belonging to these Centuries who did not dwell at Rome ●ut in places far distant from it They were called together to elect their chief Magistrates The first Consuls were created by ●hem the Censors the Praetors the Pro●onsuls the Tribun●s or Colonels of the that the People felt themselves overburdened with the cruel exactions and grieved with the severity of the Nobles who kept not to the golden Rules of moderation which were only able to preserve Peace they did cast off all respect to their Superiours and broke out into an open Rebellion But all dfferences were ended again when the People had obtained such priviledges and fundamental Laws as might secure them for the future from the usur●●tion of the better sort and from those grievances of which they did complain The Roman Empire continued many hundred years in a flourishing estate It is supposed that this mixed kind of government was one of the main helps to raise it to that excessive power unto which it arrived in the time of Julius Caesar for when there was a way open for every one to assend up to the Supreme Authority and that Virtue and Courage were the great promoters of such a design Every one who had a little ambition in him did strive to excell in that which did so well reward its owner● with Honour and Profit They did all endeavour to assend as near the highes● march of Glory as their abilities would give them leave in obliging the publick Interest by brave and Worthy exploits But this kind of Aristocracy could not continue fo● ever for in process of time it could no● be but that some Member of the Common-wealth must attain to a superiority in Power and Riches which when it was popular and obliging it must needs make People forget the liberty to which they were born and incensibly bring in a Monarchy At first in such a Potent Empire it could not but meet with opposition In such a case what ever side gets the Victory the Publick looseth its Freedom unless the opposition be managed by the Publick it self and such persons of integrity be intrusted with the defence of Liberty as may not intend the making of their own Fortunes rather than the maintenance of the universal Interest Therefore if either Pompey or Brutus had overcome it is imagined by all rational People that they had never restored unto the Romans that beloved liberty which they enjoyed before The truth is that then the Empire was grown so great and the Roman Citizens so powerful that if there had not been one above them to moderate their pretentions and keep them from Divisions the Roman Empire had been often troubled vvith civil Wars This was one of the reaons which Agrippa a wise Counsellour of Augustus the Emperour gave unto him to dissuade him from resigning over his Supreme Authority to the Senate and People We do all acknowledge that there can be no Government so happy as Monarchy When the Prince and People understand one another well and vvhen there is a mutual correspondency Army and several other Officers were chosen in these Assemblies sometimes in the others They did also meet to Judge of crimes committed against the publick safety as Treason When any person had disgraced the Roman name and that the Censor had taken notice of him he was blotted out of the Roll of his Century and had no more liberty to give his Vote in these Assemhlies They did all meet with their Weapons out of the City in a place dedicated to some God and hallowed by the Augures The Campius Martius a large spot of ground given to the City by Caia Terratia a Vestal Virgin was the common Rendezvouz of the Romans on such occasions It was scituate without the City near the River and in it were many convenient things and places to exercise Youth in all manner of Martial sports Whiles the Roman People were thus assembled in Arms about the Tent of one of their chief Magistrates who was always to sit there as a Judge or President There was a Flag hung out on the top of the Janiculum and a Guard of armed Men placed there Comitia Tributae were the assemblies of the Wards or Quarters of the City They did meet either in the Field of Mars or in the Capitol or in the Circus Flaminius When there was urgent occasion and when the Comitia cen●uriata or curiata were no● permitted to assemble either because of the unlawful days or because of some ominous signs in the Heavens that did threaten them CHAP. VIII Of the Roman Magistrates ROME was at first a Monarchy Seven Kings successively did reign until Tarquinius Superbus was banisht for his licentiousness He endeavoured to recover again his Right by the assistance of the neighbour Princes But the Senate and People did oppose him with so much animosity that He and all his Friends lost their labour in compelling them to receive him again The Romans did then agree to govern their Affairs partly in the manner of an Aristocracy and partly as a Democracy For the Senate and Supreme Magistrates did rule but in such a manner that the People had a hand in most Affairs of consequence So that as the Romans were composed of several different orders of Men it could never submit long under a perfect Aristocracy unless it had degenerated to a perfect Tyranny as Macchiavel observes upon T. Livius This may easily appear by their frequent murmurings the seditions of the People for when the Aristocracy did gain upon the Democracy and spondency between them of Love and Obedience The Roman Magistrates were either Majores or Minores The ordinary Magistrates of the first Division were at first the King the Captain of the Kings Guard afterwards the Consuls the Censors the Praetors the Generals the Caesars the Tribunes the Governours of the City The extraordinary were the Interrex the Dictator the Master of