the_o east_n or_o west_n the_o star_n will_v either_o seem_v great_a in_o the_o east_n then_o in_o the_o west_n or_o contrariwise_o great_a in_o the_o west_n than_o the_o east_n all_o which_o plain_o contradict_v experience_n moreover_o it_o will_v hence_o follow_v out_o of_o this_o last_o that_o the_o forenoon_n will_v not_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o afternoon_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o meridian_n circle_n pass_v by_o our_o vertical_a point_n which_o in_o this_o case_n can_v be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n but_o will_v decline_v more_o either_o to_o the_o east_n or_o the_o west_n four_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o in_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n either_o there_o will_v be_v no_o equinoctial_a at_o all_o or_o at_o least_o if_o there_o be_v any_o it_o will_v not_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n betwixt_o the_o two_o solstice_n of_o summer_n and_o winter_n which_o be_v against_o all_o common_a experience_n to_o explain_v which_o assertion_n let_v there_o be_v a_o sphere_n abcd_n who_o centre_n shall_v be_v e_z wherein_o we_o will_v conceive_v the_o equatour_n to_o be_v bd_o the_o two_o tropic_n il_fw-fr and_o xh_n the_o axletree_n of_o the_o world_n ac_fw-la now_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equatour_n out_o of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n as_o in_o f_o let_v there_o first_o be_v a_o oblique_a horizon_n zfy_v cut_v all_o the_o parallel_n into_o unequal_a part_n and_o the_o axis_n in_o those_o parallel_n which_o be_v without_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o the_o say_a horizon_n there_o will_v be_v no_o equinoctial_a because_o the_o horizon_n equal_o divide_v in_o two_o half_n only_o that_o parallel_n which_o be_v describe_v by_o p_o which_o nevertheless_o the_o sun_n never_o come_v unto_o as_o never_o go_v beyond_o the_o tropic_n xh_v let_v there_o be_v another_o oblique_a horizon_n ofm_n cut_v the_o axle_n ac_fw-la within_o the_o say_a parallel_n in_o n_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o reason_n that_o there_o 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be_v a_o equinoctial_a because_o only_o such_o a_o horizon_n equal_o divide_v the_o equatour_n into_o two_o half_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o former_a figure_n in_o which_o the_o equatour_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v bd_o the_o right_a horizon_n ac_fw-la the_o oblique_a yz_n cut_v the_o equator_fw-la in_o f_o into_o two_o unequal_a part_n now_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v that_o in_o any_o oblique_a horizon_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o equinoxe_n it_o can_v no_o wise_n be_v in_o the_o middle_a time_n betwixt_o the_o two_o solstice_n but_o will_v be_v much_o near_o to_o the_o one_o then_o to_o the_o other_o as_o if_o the_o earth_n wâ—re_v place_v in_o n_o betwixt_o the_o tropic_n xh_v and_o the_o equatour_n bd_o there_o will_v be_v a_o equinoxe_n when_o the_o sun_n pass_v in_o the_o parallel_n by_o n._n which_o parallel_n be_v far_o near_a to_o the_o summer_n solstice_n than_o the_o winter_n solstice_n but_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o g_z there_o will_v happen_v a_o equinoxe_n just_a in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o summer_n solstice_n all_o which_o be_v most_o absurd_a and_o most_o repugnant_a to_o common_a sense_n three_o this_o grant_v the_o whole_a order_n and_o proportion_n of_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o day_n and_o night_n will_v be_v confuse_v and_o trouble_v it_o be_v agree_v on_o by_o consent_n of_o all_o cosmographer_n that_o every_o where_o without_o the_o right_a horizon_n there_o be_v such_o a_o order_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o increase_n &_o decrease_v of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n that_o twice_o in_o a_o year_n the_o day_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o mean_a or_o middle_a betwixt_o the_o long_a and_o the_o short_a day_n that_o the_o long_a day_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o long_a night_n and_o the_o short_a day_n to_o the_o short_a night_n that_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o long_a day_n above_o the_o equinoctial_a day_n be_v so_o much_o as_o be_v the_o defect_n of_o the_o short_a day_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o say_v equinoctial_a day_n all_o which_o and_o many_o more_o such_o apparence_n will_v be_v interrupt_v be_v the_o earth_n place_v any_o where_o else_o then_o in_o the_o centre_n e_o as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o scheme_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v in_o e_o every_o oblique_a horizon_n as_o sir_n will_v divide_v the_o equatour_n bd_o into_o two_o equal_a hemicircle_n so_o that_o so_o much_o shall_v appear_v above_o as_o lie_v couch_v under_o and_o so_o that_o day_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n in_o like_a sort_n the_o tropic_n hx_n and_o il_fw-fr will_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o unequal_a part_n yet_o so_o as_o the_o alternate_a segment_n shall_v be_v equal_a to_o wit_n px_n and_o vl_n also_o th._n and_o vi_o as_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o theodosius_n lib._n 2._o prop._n 16._o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o long_a day_n xp_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o long_a night_n lv_o and_o the_o short_a day_n iv_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o short_a night_n hp_n final_o pg_n the_o excess_n of_o the_o long_a day_n xp_n above_o the_o equinoctial_a day_n xg_n be_v equal_a to_o kv_v the_o defect_n of_o the_o short_a day_n under_o the_o equinoctial_a day_n ik_fw-mi which_o be_v show_v out_o of_o the_o similitude_n and_o equality_n of_o the_o triangle_n teg_n and_o vek._n now_o of_o the_o contrary_a part_n if_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o axis_n without_o the_o centre_n e_o as_o in_o p_o beyond_o all_o the_o parallel_n no_o equinoxe_n can_v be_v in_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n as_o we_o have_v show_v but_o always_o the_o day_n will_v be_v long_o or_o short_a than_o the_o night_n but_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v in_o the_o point_n g_o by_o which_o pass_v
other_o in_o greatness_n as_o for_o example_n let_v there_o be_v imagine_v two_o parallelogramme_n the_o one_o a_o exact_a square_n of_o six_o foot_n the_o other_o a_o long_a square_n of_o 10_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o two_o in_o breadth_n the_o one_o comprehend_v 36_o square_a foot_n the_o other_o 20_o as_o will_v appear_v by_o multiplication_n of_o their_o side_n the_o one_o into_o the_o other_o in_o which_o number_n there_o be_v a_o great_a inequality_n yet_o notwithstanding_o if_o we_o measure_v the_o circuit_n or_o circumference_n of_o each_o figure_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o equal_a to_o wit_n of_o 24_o foot_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o their_o figure_n here_o prefix_v for_o among_o those_o figure_n call_v isoperimetrall_a or_o of_o equal_a perimeter_n that_o be_v always_o to_o be_v esteem_v the_o great_a which_o be_v the_o more_o ordinate_a figure_n which_o be_v that_o which_o come_v near_a to_o a_o equality_n of_o side_n and_o angle_n but_o in_o inordinate_a figure_n of_o which_o nature_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v all_o region_n infinite_a error_n may_v be_v commit_v if_o we_o measure_v they_o by_o circumnavigation_n wherefore_o to_o measure_v a_o country_n more_o exact_o it_o behoove_v we_o not_o only_o to_o know_v the_o circumference_n but_o also_o the_o diameter_n 2_o those_o country_n be_v more_o exact_o measure_v which_o partake_v of_o a_o plain_a surface_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v easy_o show_v because_o a_o plain_a superficies_n consist_v of_o right_a line_n but_o a_o right_a line_n as_o euclid_n witness_v be_v the_o short_a betwixt_o his_o own_o bound_n whereas_o between_o two_o point_n infinite_a crooked_a line_n may_v be_v draw_v whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o more_o certainty_n and_o exactness_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v in_o the_o measure_n of_o a_o plain_a country_n who_o diameter_n be_v a_o right_a line_n then_o from_o a_o crooked_a and_o hilly_a trey_n region_n where_o the_o cord_n be_v crooked_a and_o gibbous_a whence_o some_o mathematician_n have_v demonstrate_v that_o more_o man_n may_v stand_v on_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n as_o a_o hill_n or_o mountain_n then_o on_o a_o plain_a although_o both_o be_v find_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o diameter_n it_o may_v be_v here_o object_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v every_o where_o crooked_a and_o orbicular_a and_o therefore_o no_o part_n thereof_o can_v be_v measure_v by_o a_o right_a line_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v indeed_o spherical_a as_o we_o have_v former_o prove_v yet_o may_v some_o little_a part_n or_o portion_n thereof_o be_v count_v as_o a_o plain_a because_o such_o part_n have_v little_a or_o no_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o convexity_n therefore_o be_v so_o little_a may_v pass_v for_o a_o plain_a without_o any_o sensible_a error_n hence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o the_o land_n can_v so_o exact_o be_v measure_v as_o the_o sea_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o land_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v uneven_a vary_v with_o hill_n daleâ—_n and_o other_o inequality_n but_o the_o sea_n every_o where_o plain_a and_o like_v itself_o except_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o wave_n and_o surge_n which_o in_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n will_v make_v no_o difference_n at_o all_o second_o we_o may_v hence_o collect_v that_o of_o two_o country_n of_o the_o same_o bound_n and_o figure_n that_o must_v be_v the_o great_a who_o soil_n and_o superficies_n be_v most_o vary_a and_o crooked_a because_o as_o we_o have_v say_v crooked_a line_n betwixt_o the_o same_o point_n be_v long_o than_o right_a and_o therefore_o measure_v the_o great_a magnitude_n 9_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o magnitude_n the_o bind_v of_o a_o country_n be_v a_o line_n compass_v it_o round_o this_o definition_n be_v very_o evident_a in_o that_o every_o region_n be_v topographical_o consider_v as_o a_o plain_a or_o superficies_n who_o bound_n be_v a_o line_n compass_v it_o round_o for_o as_o a_o line_n be_v bound_v by_o a_o point_n so_o a_o superficies_n by_o a_o line_n as_o we_o be_v teach_v in_o geometry_n now_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o the_o bound_n of_o country_n may_v be_v take_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o geometrical_o for_o the_o mere_a line_n which_o be_v imagine_v to_o go_v round_o about_o it_o secon_o geographical_o for_o the_o visible_a mark_n and_o character_n whereby_o the_o line_n be_v trace_v out_o unto_o we_o such_o as_o be_v river_n city_n hill_n castle_n and_o such_o like_a these_o mark_n whereby_o a_o topographer_n note_v out_o unto_o we_o the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o country_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a the_o natural_a be_v such_o as_o be_v derive_v from_o nature_n without_o man_n appointment_n such_o as_o be_v river_n creek_n mountain_n wood_n and_o such_o like_a other_o matter_n which_o bind_v the_o extent_n of_o country_n the_o artificial_a bound_n be_v such_o as_o depend_v upon_o some_o constitution_n or_o decree_n of_o a_o man_n which_o so_o divide_v one_o country_n from_o another_o the_o partition_n be_v often_o make_v where_o no_o notable_a mark_n or_o bound_n be_v set_v by_o nature_n 1_o natural_a bound_n be_v more_o certain_a than_o artificial_a the_o reason_n be_v because_o natural_a sign_n or_o mark_n which_o be_v set_v for_o bound_n of_o country_n be_v always_o the_o same_o and_o as_o it_o be_v continue_v from_o the_o first_o creation_n and_o can_v be_v change_v without_o some_o great_a earthquake_n inundation_n or_o such_o like_a alteration_n in_o nature_n which_o very_o seldom_o happen_v and_o in_o very_a few_o place_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a part_n such_o bound_n and_o limit_n as_o depend_v upon_o man_n appointment_n may_v be_v alter_v and_o change_v according_a to_o the_o will_n and_o disposition_n of_o man_n as_o we_o daily_o see_v among_o we_o that_o ancient_a land_n and_o inheritance_n be_v much_o question_v concern_v their_o bound_n and_o limit_n as_o also_o great_a controversy_n be_v make_v among_o geographer_n concern_v the_o bound_a of_o country_n and_o territory_n ancient_o know_v and_o define_v by_o old_a writer_n for_o name_n and_o particular_a contract_n betwixt_o man_n in_o a_o few_o age_n may_v easy_o slip_v out_o of_o memory_n especial_o when_o the_o possessor_n themselves_o as_o it_o often_o happen_v strive_v to_o extinguish_v and_o raze_v out_o the_o memory_n of_o former_a age_n leave_v behind_o they_o no_o mark_n or_o sign_n to_o tell_v the_o world_n their_o wrong_a neighbour_n right_a or_o the_o limit_a fortune_n of_o their_o own_o possession_n 2_o equal_a bound_n do_v not_o always_o contain_v equal_a region_n this_o proposition_n be_v plain_o demonstrate_v before_o in_o this_o very_a chapter_n wherein_o we_o have_v prove_v of_o two_o figure_n suppose_v equal_a in_o the_o circumference_n that_o to_o be_v the_o great_a which_o more_o near_o approach_v a_o ordinate_a figure_n which_o we_o define_v to_o be_v that_o which_o come_v near_a to_o a_o equality_n of_o side_n and_o angle_n so_o that_o two_o region_n the_o one_o round_a the_o other_o square_n may_v have_v a_o equal_a compass_n about_o and_o yet_o the_o former_a will_v be_v a_o great_a deal_n great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o space_n therein_o contain_v 10_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o quality_n by_o the_o quality_n i_o understand_v the_o natural_a temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o a_o certain_a place_n 1_o special_a place_n be_v endow_v with_o special_a temper_n and_o disposition_n that_o almighty_a god_n who_o create_v the_o whole_a world_n have_v not_o grant_v the_o same_o gift_n and_o endowment_n to_o all_o country_n but_o have_v divide_v diverse_a commodity_n to_o diverse_a region_n seem_v a_o matter_n out_o of_o all_o controversy_n for_o who_o find_v not_o by_o experience_n one_o country_n hot_a another_o cold_a a_o three_o temperate_a one_o fruitful_a another_o barren_a a_o three_o indifferent_a one_o healthy_a another_o unwholesome_a the_o like_a diversity_n be_v also_o find_v in_o the_o inhabitant_n themselves_o according_a to_o that_o common_a proverb_n valentes_fw-la thebani_fw-la acutiores_fw-la attici_fw-la whence_o this_o diversity_n shall_v arise_v it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o unfold_v for_o as_o much_o as_o many_o cause_n herein_o concur_v sometime_o to_o help_v sometime_o to_o cross_v one_o the_o other_o yet_o will_v i_o strive_v as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v to_o reduce_v they_o to_o certain_a head_n by_o which_o a_o general_a guess_n may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o particular_n the_o first_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o star_n therein_o fix_v this_o may_v cause_v a_o diversity_n of_o disposition_n two_o way_n 1_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o his_o general_a light_n and_o influx_n whence_o in_o the_o earth_n be_v engender_v
our_o eastern_a wind_n be_v find_v to_o be_v dry_a of_o all_o other_o whereof_o no_o other_o cause_n can_v be_v give_v then_o that_o it_o come_v over_o a_o great_a continent_n of_o land_n lie_v towards_o the_o east_n out_o of_o which_o many_o dry_a and_o earthly_a exhalation_n be_v draw_v so_o the_o western_a wind_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v very_o moist_a because_o it_o pass_v over_o the_o huge_a atlantic_a ocean_n which_o must_v needs_o cast_v forth_o many_o watery_a and_o moist_a vapour_n which_o beget_v rain_n and_o shower_n from_o the_o moisture_n of_o which_o western_a wind_n some_o have_v seek_v out_o a_o answer_n to_o that_o problem_n why_o hunt_v hound_n shall_v not_o send_v nor_o hunt_v so_o well_o the_o wind_n be_v in_o the_o west_n as_o at_o other_o time_n for_o say_v they_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o it_o either_o in_o make_v hindrance_n to_o their_o leg_n in_o run_v or_o at_o least_o to_o their_o smell_n be_v very_o thick_a and_o foggy_a in_o this_o 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suffer_v three_o how_o these_o operation_n be_v distinguish_v one_o from_o the_o other_o concern_v the_o first_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o our_o ordinary_a philosopher_n that_o the_o heaven_n work_n on_o inferior_a body_n by_o three_o instrument_n to_o wit_n light_n motion_n and_o influence_n by_o light_n as_o by_o a_o instrumental_a agent_n it_o engender_v heat_n in_o the_o air_n and_o earth_n not_o that_o the_o light_n be_v in_o a_o sort_n a_o immaterial_a quality_n can_v immediate_o of_o itself_o produce_v heat_n be_v material_a and_o elementary_a but_o by_o attrition_n and_o rarefaction_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v make_v thin_a approach_v near_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o fire_n and_o so_o conceive_v heat_n this_o be_v again_o perform_v two_o way_n either_o by_o a_o simple_a or_o compo_fw-it und_v beam_n the_o simple_a ray_n be_v weak_a the_o compound_v infer_v a_o double_n of_o the_o ray_n by_o reflection_n be_v strong_a and_o of_o more_o validity_n in_o the_o operation_n and_o by_o consequence_n so_o much_o the_o more_o copious_a in_o the_o production_n of_o heat_n by_o how_o much_o more_o the_o reflection_n be_v great_a if_o we_o mere_o consider_v it_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o motion_n the_o heaven_n may_v exercise_v their_o operation_n on_o the_o earth_n two_o way_n first_o by_o attenuate_v and_o rarefy_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o air_n next_o adjoin_v turn_v it_o into_o fire_n as_o some_o philosopher_n will_v have_v it_o whence_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o air_n communicate_v in_o this_o affection_n must_v needs_o partake_v some_o degree_n of_o heat_n but_o this_o i_o hold_v to_o be_v a_o conceit_n ground_v only_o upon_o aristotle_n authority_n who_o suppose_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v a_o solid_a compact_a body_n which_o will_v not_o so_o soon_o be_v grant_v of_o many_o more_o modern_a mathematician_n second_o the_o heavenly_a body_n may_v be_v say_v to_o work_v on_o inferior_a thing_n by_o motion_n in_o that_o by_o motion_n they_o be_v diverse_o dispose_v and_o order_v to_o diverse_a aspect_n and_o configuration_n of_o the_o star_n and_o planet_n whereby_o they_o may_v produce_v diverse_a effect_n so_o that_o in_o this_o sense_n the_o heaven_n be_v imagine_v as_o a_o disponent_fw-la cause_n which_o do_v not_o so_o much_o produce_v the_o effect_n themselves_o as_o vary_v the_o operation_n hereon_o be_v ground_v all_o astrology_n as_o that_o which_o out_o of_o diverse_a aspect_n and_o combination_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o sign_n foreshow_v diverse_a event_n the_o three_o instrument_n by_o which_o the_o heaven_n be_v say_v to_o work_v be_v the_o heavenly_a influence_n which_o be_v a_o hide_a and_o secret_a quality_n not_o subject_a to_o sense_n but_o only_o know_v and_o find_v out_o by_o the_o effect_n this_o three_o agent_n be_v by_o some_o question_v will_v hardly_o be_v believe_v but_o that_o a_o necessity_n in_o nature_n constrain_v it_o for_o many_o effect_n be_v find_v in_o inferior_a body_n cause_v by_o the_o heaven_n which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o light_n or_o motion_n as_o for_o example_n the_o production_n of_o metal_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o neither_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o can_v challenge_v any_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o light_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a be_v far_o remote_a from_o the_o sunbeam_n the_o other_o cease_v not_o to_o move_v in_o his_o channel_n when_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v both_o under_o the_o earth_n beside_o who_o can_v give_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o excess_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o canicular_a or_o dog-day_n if_o he_o exclude_v this_o influence_n for_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n we_o shall_v find_v
every_o region_n or_o country_n a_o special_a quality_n or_o temper_n although_o lie_v or_o situate_a under_o the_o same_o latitude_n but_o here_o exclude_v all_o concurrent_a cause_n which_o may_v vary_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o soil_n we_o consider_v the_o disposition_n of_o a_o place_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o heavenly_a influence_n oâ—_n operation_n in_o which_o sense_n we_o can_v deny_v to_o a_o place_n of_o like_a 〈◊〉_d a_o like_a nature_n for_o as_o philosopher_n use_v to_o speak_v simile_n qua_fw-la simile_n semper_fw-la aptum_fw-la natum_fw-la est_fw-la simile_n producere_fw-la like_a cause_n always_o produce_v like_o effect_n so_o the_o heaven_n in_o like_a distance_n be_v dispose_v alike_o as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o light_a as_o influence_n can_v but_o affect_v â—hose_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o selfsame_o manner_n for_o the_o instrument_n by_o which_o the_o heaven_n work_n on_o inferior_a body_n as_o we_o have_v show_v be_v light_a 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we_o note_v betwixt_o guinea_n in_o africa_n and_o that_o part_n as_o it_o be_v think_v of_o the_o south_n continent_n which_o they_o have_v for_o this_o cause_n term_v nova_fw-la guinea_n many_o more_o parallel_n in_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v find_v out_o but_o these_o may_v suffice_v in_o so_o evident_a a_o matter_n 2_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n be_v the_o masculine_a the_o southern_a the_o feminine_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o have_v be_v a_o usual_a kind_n of_o speech_n among_o man_n to_o term_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v strong_a worthy_a or_o great_a masculine_a on_o the_o contrary_a side_n such_o thing_n feminine_a as_o be_v find_v deficient_a and_o want_v in_o these_o perfection_n by_o which_o kind_n of_o metaphor_n take_v from_o the_o sex_n in_o live_a creature_n they_o have_v ascribe_v to_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n a_o masculine_a temper_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o southern_a which_o come_v faâ—re_v short_a of_o it_o for_o howsoever_o no_o cause_n can_v be_v show_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o be_v teach_v in_o our_o former_a proposition_n except_o by_o some_o special_a constellation_n of_o the_o south_n which_o be_v full_a of_o uncertainty_n and_o as_o soon_o deny_v as_o affirm_v yet_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v by_o some_o hide_a property_n of_o the_o place_n themselves_o or_o at_o least_o some_o casual_a accident_n or_o other_o thaâ—_n these_o two_o hemisphere_n suffer_v a_o great_a and_o notable_a disparity_n for_o against_o the_o large_a and_o fertile_a territory_n of_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n contain_v in_o it_o whole_o europe_n and_o asia_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o america_n and_o africa_n we_o shall_v find_v beside_o some_o few_o scatter_a land_n only_a three_o continent_n to_o oppose_v to_o wit_n a_o small_a part_n of_o africa_n the_o great_a part_n of_o america_n perâ—ana_n contain_v in_o it_o peru_n brasile_n and_o the_o region_n of_o the_o pâ—ntagâ—nâ—s_n aâ—d_v the_o south_n continent_n call_v tâ—rra_n australiâ—_n incâ—gnita_fw-la and_o by_o some_o other_o the_o south_n indies_n for_o the_o former_a lie_v near_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n if_o we_o will_v credit_v the_o relation_n of_o our_o own_o merchant_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o air_n by_o reason_n of_o 〈◊〉_d very_o diâ—â—â—mpâ—rated_v situate_v betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricâ—râ—â—_n the_o land_n very_o barren_a the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o brâ—tish_a disposition_n want_v aâ—_n it_o be_v all_o sense_n of_o science_n or_o religion_n bear_v heavy_a as_o yet_o the_o curse_n of_o noah_n the_o first_o father_n of_o that_o african_a nation_n for_o america_n peruana_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o perhaps_o more_o happy_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o soil_n although_o little_a better_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n yet_o for_o the_o plenty_n of_o gold-mine_n whereof_o they_o can_v chief_o vaunt_v we_o shall_v find_v it_o far_o surmount_v by_o the_o east_n indies_n or_o at_o least_o paralelled_a by_o 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spaniard_n giveâ—_n that_o occasion_n of_o complaint_n to_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr quiâ—_n the_o late_a discoverer_n of_o some_o of_o these_o part_n have_v not_o the_o spanish_a king_n think_v such_o a_o expedition_n either_o altogether_o fruitless_a or_o to_o little_a purpose_n for_o who_o know_v not_o the_o spâ—niard_n to_o be_v â—_o nâ—tion_n â—s_n covetous_a of_o richesse_n as_o ambitious_a to_o pursue_v 〈◊〉_d sovereignty_n as_o such_o who_o will_v more_o willing_o expoâ—â—_n the_o life_n of_o their_o own_o subject_n then_o loose_a the_o least_o title_n over_o other_o country_n this_o may_v be_v a_o probable_a argument_n that_o thâ—s_v continent_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o so_o well_o smile_v on_o the_o ambition_n of_o this_o proud_a nation_n as_o some_o other_o â—_z for_o political_a and_o martial_a affair_n how_o far_o short_a iâ—_n conâ—â—s_v of_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n i_o shall_v speak_v in_o due_a place_n where_o i_o shall_v handle_v the_o 〈◊〉_d disposition_n of_o diverse_a inhabitant_n according_a to_o their_o situation_n to_o find_v out_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n be_v very_o difficult_a to_o seekâ—_n a_o reason_n in_o some_o particular_a consteâ—â—ation_n and_o 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o heaven_n or_o some_o special_a disposition_n of_o the_o soyâ—â—_n be_v too_o general_a to_o give_v satisfaction_n and_o too_o uncertain_a to_o enforce_v credulity_n yet_o put_v these_o aside_o i_o can_v only_o guess_v at_o two_o reason_n which_o be_v accidental_a yet_o strengthen_v with_o good_a probability_n the_o first_o and_o great_a be_v that_o bitter_a curse_n casâ—_n on_o chaâ—_n and_o his_o posterity_n by_o his_o father_n noah_n which_o no_o doubt_n be_v second_v by_o god_n dipleasure_n take_v place_n in_o his_o habitation_n thâ—â—_n all_o these_o nation_n spring_v from_o cham_n â—_o darenot_v not_o confident_o avouch_v yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v probable_a they_o be_v of_o this_o race_n for_o the_o african_n it_o be_v out_o of_o â—_z as_o warrant_a by_o the_o
as_o a_o giant_n to_o run_v his_o course_n 6_o his_o go_v forth_o be_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o his_o circuit_n unto_o the_o end_n of_o it_o and_o there_o be_v nothing_o hide_v from_o the_o heat_n thereof_o out_o of_o which_o word_n the_o heaven_n shall_v seem_v to_o challenge_v the_o motion_n which_o we_o have_v give_v unto_o the_o earth_n to_o this_o we_o answer_v two_o way_n first_o that_o although_o this_o may_v oppugn_v copernicus_n his_o opinion_n that_o the_o sun_n stand_v still_o in_o the_o midst_n as_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o may_v it_o well_o stand_v with_o our_o assertion_n who_o allow_v the_o sun_n his_o several_a motion_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a whether_o those_o word_n of_o the_o psalm_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o sun_n diurnal_a or_o periodicke_a motion_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o decide_v the_o scripture_n not_o specify_v express_o either_o 2_o we_o may_v answer_v with_o the_o copernicân_n that_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o these_o or_o the_o like_a place_n speak_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v willing_a to_o descend_v to_o the_o weak_a of_o man_n capacity_n and_o not_o to_o trouble_v man_n conceit_n with_o such_o matter_n as_o to_o vulgar_a judgement_n may_v seem_v unlikely_a or_o improbable_a the_o like_a analogy_n of_o speech_n may_v we_o find_v in_o the_o first_o of_o genesis_n where_o the_o moon_n be_v call_v one_o of_o the_o great_a light_n in_o regard_n of_o her_o appearance_n be_v notwithstanding_o one_o of_o the_o least_o these_o may_v suffice_v to_o show_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n to_o be_v probable_a i_o promise_v no_o more_o &_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v perform_v no_o less_o i_o never_o hold_v it_o a_o article_n of_o my_o faith_n to_o defend_v the_o one_o or_o oppugn_v the_o other_o and_o therefore_o leave_v every_o man_n to_o his_o own_o free_a judgement_n to_o embrace_v or_o reject_v what_o he_o please_v chap._n v._o of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o of_o terrestrial_a affection_n which_o agree_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o we_o have_v hitherto_o speak_v we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o such_o as_o agree_v to_o it_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n these_o be_v chief_o three_o 1_o the_o site_n 2_o the_o stability_n 3_o the_o proportion_n 2_o the_o site_n be_v the_o local_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n it_o may_v seem_v a_o hard_a and_o almost_o impossible_a task_n for_o any_o man_n to_o reconcile_v that_o which_o have_v be_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n concern_v the_o earth_n circular_a revolution_n with_o the_o ground_n of_o common_a geographer_n which_o hold_v the_o terrestrial_a globe_n to_o be_v settle_v and_o fix_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o such_o as_o hold_v the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v copernicus_n will_v have_v the_o sun_n to_o stand_v still_o as_o the_o fix_a centre_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o the_o earth_n to_o move_v round_o about_o he_o betwixt_o mars_n and_o venus_n which_o seem_v clean_o opposite_a to_o the_o former_a opinion_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o copernicus_n his_o opinion_n entire_o take_v and_o understand_v stand_v altogether_o opposite_a to_o these_o our_o ground_n yet_o may_v that_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o we_o have_v establish_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n for_o aught_o i_o yet_o know_v be_v well_o reconcile_v with_o their_o opinion_n which_o hold_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n for_o the_o circular_a revolution_n we_o give_v to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v not_o a_o motion_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o it_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o as_o that_o of_o the_o star_n which_o move_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n but_o rather_o a_o turn_n of_o itself_o in_o its_o own_o place_n upon_o her_o own_o pole_n and_o axletree_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o wheel_n of_o a_o mill_n or_o such_o a_o like_a engine_n fix_v in_o one_o place_n be_v turn_v upon_o his_o own_o axle_n so_o that_o the_o motion_n we_o there_o understand_v be_v only_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o 24_o hour_n make_v the_o day_n and_o night_n the_o other_o two_o motion_n mention_v by_o copernicus_n may_v be_v find_v out_o in_o the_o heaven_n and_o leave_v to_o astronomer_n the_o reason_n why_o i_o entire_o embrace_v not_o copernicus_n his_o opinion_n be_v chief_o two_o first_o because_o it_o seem_v too_o harsh_a and_o dissonant_n in_o nature_n to_o make_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o body_n subject_a to_o so_o many_o motion_n especial_o such_o as_o by_o common_a philosopher_n be_v deny_v all_o motion_n second_o because_o the_o other_o motion_n grant_v to_o the_o earth_n must_v needs_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v place_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o we_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n god_n willing_a sufficient_o demonstrate_v the_o motion_n therefore_o most_o call_v in_o question_n and_o most_o likely_a to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o earth_n rather_o than_o in_o the_o heaven_n be_v the_o diurnal_a revolution_n perform_v in_o 24_o hour_n from_o the_o west_n to_o east_n which_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v be_v give_v to_o the_o heaven_n will_v be_v far_o swift_a than_o nature_n can_v well_o suffer_v wherefore_o with_o more_o probability_n may_v this_o motion_n be_v take_v from_o the_o heaven_n and_o give_v unto_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o without_o any_o absurdity_n at_o all_o may_v be_v grant_v in_o the_o heaven_n sith_o no_o repugnancy_n be_v find_v in_o nature_n but_o that_o every_o heavenly_a body_n may_v be_v furnish_v with_o some_o motion_n and_o therefore_o copernicus_n may_v have_v grant_v the_o sun_n and_o fix_a star_n their_o several_a motion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n which_o will_v have_v seem_v far_o more_o probable_a then_o to_o have_v endow_v the_o earth_n with_o a_o triplicity_n of_o motion_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o open_v i_o will_v set_v down_o their_o theorem_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n to_o understand_v aright_o this_o proposition_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o a_o centre_n may_v be_v take_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n either_o geometrical_o or_o optical_o in_o geometry_n it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o imaginary_a point_n conceive_v in_o a_o magnitude_n devoyde_a of_o all_o quantity_n yet_o bound_v and_o termine_v all_o magnitude_n optical_o it_o be_v usual_o take_v for_o a_o small_a and_o insensible_a magnitude_n because_o to_o the_o fight_v it_o may_v seem_v no_o other_o than_o a_o point_n in_o which_o last_o sense_n we_o may_v call_v the_o earth_n the_o centre_n for_o although_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n be_v endow_v with_o a_o great_a and_o massy_a substance_n yet_o as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o demonstrate_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n this_o greatness_n will_v vanish_v into_o nothing_o for_o if_o a_o man_n stand_v in_o the_o firmament_n shall_v behold_v it_o it_o will_v seem_v no_o other_o than_o as_o a_o small_a point_n this_o be_v declare_v we_o will_v produce_v these_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n the_o centre_n i_o say_v not_o of_o all_o heavenly_a motion_n for_o some_o star_n be_v move_v upon_o their_o own_o centre_n but_o of_o the_o whole_a heavenly_a machine_n be_v collective_o take_v as_o one_o body_n the_o first_o argument_n be_v of_o aristotle_n take_v from_o the_o gravity_n or_o natural_a inclination_n of_o all_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o centre_n the_o earth_n say_v he_o be_v a_o heavy_a &_o massy_a body_n must_v needs_o seek_v the_o low_a place_n which_o be_v far_a off_o from_o the_o heaven_n but_o this_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o centre_n or_o midst_n point_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n which_o argument_n by_o other_o be_v more_o subtle_o urge_v in_o this_o manner_n suppose_v the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v cut_v and_o divide_v into_o many_o part_n equal_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o of_o the_o same_o weight_n and_o figure_n which_o part_v so_o divide_v be_v place_v in_o diverse_a place_n under_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o moon_n that_o they_o may_v be_v free_o leave_v to_o themselves_o to_o move_v according_a to_o their_o natural_a inclination_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o all_o their_o part_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n weight_n quantity_n and_o figure_n will_v descend_v with_o the_o same_o motion_n &_o in_o the_o same_o equal_a time_n to_o the_o same_o place_n which_o can_v in_o no_o wise_n happen_v except_o they_o shall_v concur_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o this_o reason_n for_o aught_o i_o understand_v be_v only_o probable_a and_o
not_o back_v with_o any_o necessary_a demonstration_n for_o it_o prove_v not_o thing_n else_o but_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o all_o earthy_a and_o heavy_a body_n and_o not_o to_o be_v absolute_o place_v in_o the_o exact_a middle_n of_o the_o world_n another_o reason_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v by_o some_o from_o a_o final_a cause_n and_o the_o natural_a harmony_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o world_n one_o with_o the_o other_o the_o earth_n say_v they_o be_v of_o all_o other_o body_n the_o most_o vile_a and_o sordid_a therefore_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n equal_o distant_a from_o each_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o one_o part_n may_v not_o seem_v to_o complain_v of_o this_o unpleasing_a vicinity_n more_o than_o another_o but_o this_o reason_n take_v as_o grant_v to_o matter_n as_o yet_o not_o decide_v first_o that_o the_o earth_n among_o all_o other_o body_n be_v most_o vile_a and_o sordid_a depend_v on_o the_o ground_n of_o peripatetic_n that_o the_o heavenly_a body_n suffer_v no_o corruption_n a_o thing_n soon_o speak_v then_o prove_v second_o that_o pure_a and_o impure_a body_n the_o most_o excellent_a and_o most_o vile_a in_o nature_n be_v always_o most_o distant_a as_o in_o nature_n so_o in_o place_n which_o be_v a_o peremptory_a assertion_n without_o ground_n a_o three_o reason_n more_o probable_a than_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v from_o the_o apparence_n of_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n appear_v always_o to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o magnitude_n and_o quantity_n whether_o in_o the_o vertical_a point_n or_o in_o the_o east_n or_o the_o west_n or_o any_o other_o place_n whence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o they_o differ_v equal_o in_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o earth_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n for_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o that_o the_o star_n in_o some_o place_n shall_v be_v near_o in_o other_o far_a ofâ—_n they_o will_v somewhere_o seem_v great_a otherwhere_o lesser_a according_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o optic_n this_o reason_n howsoever_o popular_a seem_v to_o admit_v a_o twofold_a exception_n first_o because_o it_o imply_v that_o a_o man_n stand_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o all_o place_n and_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n whereas_o the_o heaven_n in_o the_o horizon_n be_v far_a distant_a by_o reason_n of_o a_o whole_a semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v second_o all_o star_n arise_v in_o the_o east_n or_o set_v in_o the_o west_n ordinary_o seem_v great_a than_o in_o the_o vertical_a point_n by_o reason_n of_o vapour_n ascend_v and_o interpose_v whence_o we_o can_v well_o gather_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n from_o the_o like_a appearance_n of_o the_o star_n when_o experience_n teach_v the_o contrary_a that_o they_o seem_v not_o always_o of_o the_o like_a magnitude_n concern_v the_o first_o we_o answer_v that_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v betwixt_o the_o superficies_n and_o centre_n be_v in_o itself_o great_a but_o this_o as_o we_o shall_v prove_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v so_o little_a that_o the_o sense_n can_v gather_v any_o difference_n in_o observation_n of_o the_o star_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v always_o appear_v of_o the_o like_a magnitude_n concern_v the_o second_o we_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v that_o vapour_n ascend_v about_o the_o horizon_n by_o a_o opticall_a refraction_n make_v the_o star_n seem_v great_a than_o other_o wise_a they_o will_v do_v but_o the_o reason_n may_v be_v understand_v in_o this_o sort_n that_o whether_o a_o â—an_v be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o horizon_n where_o the_o sun_n be_v when_o he_o rise_v or_o under_o that_o horizon_n where_o the_o sun_n be_v now_o under_o his_o meridian_n or_o under_o that_o horizon_n where_o he_o be_v set_v he_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o greatness_n without_o any_o sensible_a difference_n whereas_o therefore_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o appearance_n of_o star_n they_o will_v have_v they_o take_v as_o abstract_v from_o all_o impediment_n of_o sight_n or_o interpose_v vapour_n and_o so_o the_o reason_n may_v obtain_v her_o force_n the_o four_o reason_n why_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n allege_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o other_o be_v this_o wheresoever_o any_o man_n stand_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n six_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n will_v show_v themselves_o and_o the_o other_o six_o sign_n will_v lie_v hide_v and_o by_o consequence_n half_o the_o heaven_n will_v appear_v the_o other_o half_o will_v be_v under_o which_o be_v a_o evident_a reason_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n for_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o so_o happen_v the_o former_a be_v confirm_v by_o ptolemy_n alphraganus_n and_o the_o best_a astronomer_n the_o consequence_n may_v be_v infer_v out_o of_o natural_a reason_n this_o argument_n will_v sufficient_o hold_v upon_o this_o supposition_n mention_v before_o and_o to_o be_v prove_v hereafter_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n no_o sensible_a difference_n can_v show_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o sensible_a and_o the_o rational_a horizon_n beside_o these_o reason_n which_o make_v the_o matter_n more_o than_o probable_a other_o be_v produce_v by_o ptolemy_n demonstrative_a â—ot_n admit_v any_o evident_a or_o probable_a exception_n or_o evasion_n the_o first_o be_v this_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n it_o must_v have_v of_o necessity_n one_o of_o these_o three_o sites_n or_o position_n either_o it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a or_o at_o least_o it_o must_v be_v place_v not_o only_o without_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a but_o without_o the_o axletree_n that_o be_v to_o express_v it_o plain_o it_o must_v either_o be_v place_v beside_o the_o axletree_n yet_o equal_o distant_a from_o both_o the_o pole_n or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v on_o the_o axletree_n and_o so_o consequent_o near_o to_o one_o pole_n then_o the_o other_o or_o three_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v beside_o the_o axletree_n yet_o near_o to_o one_o pole_n then_o another_o if_o the_o first_o position_n be_v admit_v these_o absurdity_n will_v of_o necessity_n follow_v first_o that_o in_o a_o right_a sphere_n there_o will_v happen_v no_o equinoctial_a but_o only_o in_o that_o horizon_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n for_o example_n sake_n â—et_o there_o be_v imagine_v a_o sphere_n bdce_n who_o centre_n be_v a_o let_v the_o equator_fw-la be_v de_fw-fr the_o axletree_n of_o the_o world_n bc_n and_o let_v the_o earth_n be_v in_o f_o the_o right_a horizon_n hg_v not_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n a_o which_o shall_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o axis_n bc_n since_o the_o equator_fw-la cut_v the_o horizon_n in_o right_a angle_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o not_o only_o the_o equatour_n but_o other_o parallel_n of_o the_o same_o will_v be_v unequal_o divide_v of_o the_o horizon_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o pass_v not_o by_o the_o centre_n or_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o day_n must_v continual_o be_v unequal_a to_o the_o night_n which_o contradict_v all_o experience_n because_o in_o a_o right_a sphere_n the_o day_n be_v always_o find_v to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n second_o out_o of_o this_o position_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o no_o man_n in_o a_o right_a sphere_n shall_v behold_v the_o half_a or_o hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n but_o either_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a part_n as_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o the_o same_o diagramme_n whereas_o sense_n can_v testify_v that_o six_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n be_v always_o conspicuous_a above_o our_o horizon_n and_o the_o other_o six_o always_o hide_v only_o except_v that_o horizon_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o the_o mediety_n of_o heaven_n be_v conspicuous_a three_o the_o same_o star_n in_o a_o clear_a air_n shall_v not_o always_o seem_v of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n for_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a plain_n and_o beside_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n towards_o the_o zenith_n or_o meridian_n the_o star_n which_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n will_v appear_v great_a than_o in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n because_o they_o be_v near_o but_o if_o it_o be_v place_v near_o the_o nadir_n or_o midnight_n point_n they_o will_v appear_v great_a in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n then_o in_o the_o meridian_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v place_v towards_o
part_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o such_o as_o dwell_v direct_o under_o the_o equatour_n or_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n although_o they_o may_v be_v antipode_n agree_v not_o to_o that_o definition_n by_o reason_n the_o former_a be_v antipode_n only_o in_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o equatour_n the_o other_o of_o the_o meridian_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o antipode_n or_o no_o be_v make_v a_o question_n among_o the_o ancient_n in_o so_o much_o that_o saint_n augustine_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la dei_fw-la and_o lactantius_n in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o institution_n seem_v stiff_o to_o defend_v the_o contrary_a which_o opinion_n be_v suppose_v to_o grow_v out_o of_o their_o contempt_n or_o neglect_n of_o mathematical_a study_n in_o those_o age_n wherein_o the_o zeal_n to_o religion_n be_v most_o unnecessary_o oppose_v to_o philosophy_n and_o the_o mistress_n forsake_v of_o her_o best_a handmaiden_n which_o ignorance_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v so_o far_o derive_v to_o posterity_n that_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o saviour_n 745_o one_o boniface_n bishop_n of_o man_n be_v accuse_v before_o the_o pope_n zachary_n virgilius_n bishop_n of_o salisburg_n for_o heresy_n in_o that_o he_o aver_v there_o be_v antipode_n the_o matter_n be_v first_o prefer_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o a_o appeal_v make_v unto_o the_o pope_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o honest_a bishop_n for_o this_o assertion_n be_v flat_o condemn_v for_o heretical_a doctrine_n and_o enforce_v to_o recant_v his_o opinion_n yet_o be_v it_o wonderful_a how_o such_o matter_n be_v thus_o decide_v for_o grant_v these_o two_o easy_a ground_n first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a a_o proposition_n prove_v in_o their_o time_n 2_o that_o every_o place_n or_o at_o least_o two_o opposite_a place_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n may_v be_v habitable_a it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o such_o antipode_n must_v be_v grant_v which_o make_v i_o to_o imagine_v that_o saint_n augustine_n absolute_o and_o gross_o deny_v not_o the_o antipode_n because_o in_o set_v down_o the_o premise_n and_o ground_n of_o our_o opinion_n he_o seem_v to_o understand_v they_o too_o well_o to_o deny_v a_o necessary_a induction_n be_v a_o man_n of_o so_o great_a a_o wit_n and_o apprehension_n but_o questionless_a he_o think_v that_o the_o torrid_a zone_n which_o by_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_n in_o his_o time_n be_v repute_v unhabitable_a and_o unpassable_a no_o man_n have_v yet_o set_v his_o foot_n in_o those_o remote_a part_n beyond_o the_o line_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v in_o he_o not_o to_o arise_v out_o of_o ignorance_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n but_o out_o of_o the_o receive_v opinion_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o the_o vast_a ocean_n the_o one_o of_o which_o he_o hold_v unhabitable_a the_o other_o unpassable_a from_o whence_o also_o spring_v up_o a_o argument_n or_o rather_o a_o idle_a fancy_n that_o the_o antipode_n can_v not_o be_v admit_v without_o grant_v another_o saviour_n and_o another_o kind_n of_o man_n beside_o adam_n posterity_n for_o if_o this_o conjecture_n have_v not_o take_v place_n the_o pope_n i_o suppose_v will_v never_o have_v prove_v himself_o so_o ridiculous_a a_o judge_n as_o to_o have_v condemn_v virgilius_n for_o heresy_n as_o for_o lactantius_n howsoever_o otherwise_o a_o pious_a eloquent_a father_n the_o weakness_n and_o childishness_n of_o his_o argument_n will_v to_o any_o indifferent_a reader_n discover_v his_o ignorance_n in_o the_o very_a first_o rudiment_n of_o cosmographie_n here_o we_o may_v learn_v how_o far_o religion_n itself_o be_v wrong_v by_o such_o who_o set_v her_o opposite_a to_o all_o her_o servant_n but_o whatsoever_o the_o ancient_n out_o of_o their_o glimmer_a reason_n have_v conjecture_v our_o time_n have_v sufficient_o decide_v this_o controversy_n wherein_o such_o antipode_n be_v establish_v both_o by_o reason_n and_o experience_n which_o matâ—er_n we_o shall_v reserve_v to_o our_o second_o book_n wherein_o we_o shall_v declare_v how_o far_o and_o in_o what_o sense_n the_o earth_n may_v be_v term_v habitable_a 1_o those_o which_o be_v to_o we_o perioeci_n be_v the_o antoeci_n to_o our_o antipode_n our_o antoeci_n the_o periaeci_n to_o our_o antipode_n likewise_o our_o perioeci_n be_v the_o antipode_n to_o our_o antaeci_n this_o proposition_n as_o a_o corollary_n may_v by_o necessary_a consequence_n be_v deduce_v out_o of_o the_o precedent_a definition_n and_o be_v well_o express_v out_o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n and_o needs_o no_o far_a demonstration_n 2_o the_o perioeci_n antoeci_n and_o antipode_n be_v diverse_o distinguish_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a apparence_n the_o propriety_n of_o the_o perioeci_n be_v chief_o four_o 1_o they_o have_v the_o same_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o temper_n of_o the_o year_n and_o the_o same_o length_n of_o day_n and_o night_n 2_o they_o dwell_v east_n and_o west_n in_o regard_n one_o of_o the_o other_o 3_o they_o have_v contrary_a time_n of_o day_n and_o night_n for_o when_o the_o one_o have_v his_o noon_n the_o other_o enjoy_v his_o midnight_n likewise_o when_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o one_o rise_v it_o set_v with_o the_o other_o 4_o they_o have_v the_o same_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n but_o differ_v by_o a_o semicircle_n to_o wit_n 180_o degree_n to_o the_o antoeci_n they_o have_v likewise_o assign_v 5_o propriety_n viz._n 1_o they_o inhabit_v the_o like_a zone_n but_o in_o diverse_a hemisphere_n 2_o they_o have_v the_o same_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o not_o of_o the_o same_o pole_n because_o the_o one_o see_v the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o other_o the_o pole_n antarcticke_a equal_o raise_v above_o his_o horizon_n 3_o they_o have_v noon_n and_o midnight_n just_a at_o the_o same_o time_n 4_o they_o enjoy_v the_o same_o temper_n of_o the_o heaven_n 5_o they_o have_v the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n contrary_a for_o when_o the_o southern_a antoeci_n have_v their_o summer_n the_o northern_a have_v their_o winter_n and_o contrariwise_o when_o the_o northern_a have_v their_o spring_n these_o have_v their_o autumn_n to_o the_o antipode_n they_o have_v allot_v 3_o propriety_n 1_o that_o they_o have_v the_o same_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n though_o not_o of_o the_o same_o pole_n 2_o they_o have_v the_o same_o temper_n of_o the_o year_n and_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o day_n and_o night_n 3_o they_o have_v all_o the_o other_o accident_n contrary_a for_o when_o the_o one_o have_v night_n the_o other_o have_v day_n when_o one_o winter_n the_o other_o summer_n when_o the_o one_o the_o spring_n the_o other_o autumn_n and_o contrariwise_o these_o accident_n and_o propriety_n here_o mention_v must_v be_v understand_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n only_o the_o quality_n arise_v from_o diverse_a other_o accidental_a and_o particular_a cause_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o shall_v differre_fw-la unto_o our_o second_o part_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 1_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n according_a to_o certain_a space_n be_v former_o explain_v we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n according_a to_o certain_a distance_n 2_o a_o distance_n here_o we_o understand_v to_o be_v a_o direct_a line_n draw_v betwixt_o two_o point_n in_o the_o earth_n such_o a_o distance_n be_v twofold_a either_o simple_a or_o comparative_a 3_o the_o simple_a distance_n be_v take_v from_o the_o two_o great_a circle_n to_o wit_v the_o meridian_n or_o the_o equatour_n which_o be_v either_o the_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n the_o division_n of_o distance_n into_o the_o simple_a or_o comparative_a be_v most_o necessary_a for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n for_o a_o place_n absolute_o take_v in_o itself_o to_o be_v distant_a from_o some_o fix_a point_n or_o other_o in_o the_o globe_n another_o for_o two_o place_n to_o be_v compare_v betwixt_o themselves_o in_o regard_n of_o such_o a_o fix_a point_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a imply_v only_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o two_o point_n the_o other_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o such_o point_n or_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o three_o these_o point_n from_o which_o such_o point_n be_v say_v to_o be_v distant_a be_v either_o find_v in_o the_o meridian_n circle_n from_o which_o the_o distance_n be_v call_v longitude_n or_o else_o in_o the_o equatour_n whence_o we_o call_v it_o latitude_n 4_o the_o longitude_n be_v the_o distance_n of_o any_o place_n eastward_o from_o the_o first_o meridian_n to_o understand_v the_o better_a the_o longitude_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o it_o may_v be_v take_v two_o way_n either_o general_o or_o special_o in_o the_o former_a sense_n it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n stretch_v from_o the_o west_n unto_o the_o east_n