in the depth of the Excentrick in which the Plannet is fixed and neere to hys Center is moued Circulerlie The Auge is a poynt in the circumference of the Excentrick neerest vnto the Firmament or it may bee sayde that the Auge is a poynt farthest distant from the Earth Aux in the Greeke tongue is as much to say as the greatest Longitude or greatest eleuation from the Earth The opposite of the Auge is an other poynt in the circumference of the Excentrick neerest vnto the Earth and farthest distant from the Firmament And you must heere note and vnderstand the Sunne is not mooued Regularly in the Zodiake making so much by his proper motion in one day as in the other because his Reguler motion is in respect of the Center of his own proper Sphere or orbe wherein hee is moued whose Center is distant without the Center of the world towards the parts of Cancer so that the greater part of his orbe Excentrick is toward the septentrionall part where the Sunne passing by the septentrionall signes is more distant from the Earth and hath more to goe of hys orbe Excentricke than beeing in the South signes for passing by the North signes he tarryeth 9. dayes more to describe the halfe of the Zodiake than the other halfe toward the South part And for this cause the Sunne is more swifter in his motion in the Zodiake one tyme than another for his motion in one day in the South signes shall bee greater than it is in one day in the North signes And further it followeth that the sayd vnequall moouing of the Sun obliquite of the Zodiake certayne dayes of winter with their nights are longer than certayne other of Sommer with their nights that is to say that the day naturall in the winter dooth surmount that in the Sommer because the right ascention which aunswereth to one dayes motion of the Sunne beeing in the South is greater than the ascention for one dayes mouing being in the North signes Next followeth the placing of the other sixe Plannets in their true order in the Sphere These six Plannets hauing each of them seuerall Spheres and theyr motions also seuerall and vnlyke in tyme to any other and therefore they are called vvandering starres These are carryed round about the world by the vyolence of the first mouer in 24. howers that is euery day once yet they keepe their places in their Sphere and haue their proper motions from West towards East The Moone with her heauen or Sphere by her proper motion giueth her turne from the West to the East in 27. dayes and 7. howers with 45. minutes Venus Mercury and the Sunne in a yeere which is the space of 365. dayes with 5. howers and 49. minutes Mars in two yeeres Jupiter in 12. yeeres Saturne in 30. yeeres The eyght heauen which is the Firmament or starry heauen by his own proper motion is moued by the ninth heauen vpon the beginning of Aries and Libra and vpon these two poynts accomplisheth hys Reuolution in seauen thousand yeeres This motion is called Motus trepedationis that is to say the trembling motion of Access or recess To rectifie the 6. Plannets to goe in theyr due courses about the Sphere Example Saturne who is the slowest in motion of all the 7. Plannets the 30. day of Iune 1592. he is found by the Ephemerides at noone in his middle motion to occupie the 16. degree 36. minutes of Cancer then I turne the Sphere of Saturne that the body or middle part of his starre or Caracter be iust vnder the same degree in the signe noted in the Zodiake then mouing or turning the whole Globe about from East to the West sheweth not onely the howers of his rysing and setting with his Longitudes Latitudes but also what part of the heauens he occupyeth euery hower of the day night as by the Diall it appeareth in the Globe if it bee set according to the true place of the Sunne Lykewise Iupiter is to be sought out what degree of the signe hee occupyeth the same day at noone obserue his Sphere in the same order Mars the lyke The Sunne I haue shewed you the order before Then Venus followeth and Mercury to be ordered and set each of them in theyr seuerall Spheres then shall appeare euery one of them in theyr seuerall courses euerie moment of the day as by the example of Saturne before is shewed Nowe to the Sphere of the Moone whose motion in her Sphere is neerest to the Earth the obseruation of her followeth The Moone swifter in course than any of the other Plannets maketh her reuolution through the twelue signes twelue times in a yeere oftner than the Sunne And she is to be placed in lyke wise according to the former Rules in the signe shee is in at noone that day and hower which you will obserue the Globe or Sphere for and for euery hower after adde to her 30. minutes and without any great errour shee noteth vnto you her rysing and setting the hower and place of the heauen euery day and hower where she is the chaunge quarters and full Moone the ebbes and floods euery hower throughout all the whole day and moneth and so consequently throughout the whole yeere without any great error Also the depriuing of her lyght by the Earth in time of her Eclipses To find out by the Instrument in the Dyall the age of the Moone with her chaunge quarters and full her aspects with the Sunne the ebbes floods and other necessary Rules appertayning to the Arte of Nauigation c. Marke at the Coniunction of the Sunne and Moone it is sayde the chaunge of the Moone is whē the Sunne and shee meeteth together and then the Moone taketh her lyght of the Sunne and when she is runne in her course 24. howers after the change it is sayde that she is a day olde then turne the index of the Moone to the figure of 1. And when she is two dayes old turne the index of the Moone to the figure of 2. and so proceede till she come to the figure of 7. and then it is sayd to be in the first quarter of the Moone then at the figure of 15. shee is in opposition with the Sunne then it is said to be a full Moone then shee gathereth euery day in her decrease towards the Sunne And when she is 7. dayes past the full then she hath lost half her roundnes of her light and is sayd to be last quarter and so gathereth euery day neerer and neerer the Sunne till she be depryued quite from her light and then it is sayd to be at chaunge agayne and a newe Moone and after her chaunge then her lyght begins to increase agayne euery 24. howers 48. minutes which yeeldeth in 15. dayes 12 howers And so much she is iust of the Sunne at the time of the full Moone And if you will marke the distances betwixt the index of the Sunne which poynts the
those that are of opinion of three degrees and a halfe And for the opinion of Astronomers which is the distance of 4. degrees 9. minutes I haue in my Sphere or Globe annexed to my Diall in the North end a Circuler or Figure with a moueable Horne Vppon the vttermost Margent of the Diall is noted the eyght winds of the eyght positions and also the other points belonging to the Mariners Compas and putting the Guardes and the North starre in euery of the Windes it shall be the distance that the North starre is higher and lower than the Pole as by the thrid appeareth in the cutting of the degrees in the Pole Circle when the Horne is mooued too and fro Commmon Rules after the Marriners acompt but not after the Astronomers acompt as may appeare in the Rules next before THE former Guarde being in the East the North starre is one degree and a halfe vnder the Pole The Guard being in the North-east the North starre is three degrees and a halfe vnder the Pole The Guarde being in the North the starre is three degrees vnder the Pole The Guard being in the North-west the starre is halfe a degree vnder the Pole The Guarde in the West the starre is one degree and a halfe aboue the Pole The Guarde in the South-west the starre is three degrees and a halfe aboue the Pole The Guarde in the South-east the sayd North starre is halfe a degree aboue the Pole And thus in the Dyall and the Circle about the same may you see the North starre in what part it is of the degrees high or lowe from the Pole not onely by the Marriners Rule but also by the Astronomers Rule And being thus knowen howe much the North starre is vnder aboue the Pole let vs take the Altitude thereof And that of it that is vnder the Pole let vs ioyne to his height and as much of it as is aboue let vs take away and that shall rise therof shall be the Altitude of the Pole aboue the Horizonte Thus much for breuitie sake I haue borrowed and collected out of Martine Cortese and other good Authors these fewe notes for the vse of the Guardes fixed in the North end of my Sphere or Globe And nowe I am to intreate of the inwarde part of the Coelestiall Globe and also of the Terrestiall Globe and to beginne with the lowest first The Terrestiall Globe hath depictured vpon it a Mappe or Cart of the description of all the Earth and the chiefest Regions Citties and Townes vnder Europe Affrica Asia and America And in thys Globe is contayned two Elements that is to say Earth and Water The Earth is lowest of all Elements black ponderous round inuironed and inclosed with the other three she is called the Mother of fruits the roote of all plantes the nourse of lyuing Creatures the foundation of buildings the Sepulchre of the dead the Center of the beautifull frame of the world the matter and substance of mans body and the Receptackle of heauenly influence she is also garnished with fragrant flowers with beautifull collours of Man Beast and Foule inhabited and comfortably quickned by the nourishing beames of the Sunne Moone Plannets and fixed starres The Earth in comparison to the whole world is but a pricke or mote the whole compas thereof is 360. degrees euery degree is 60. myles and yee multiply 360. degrees by 60. it yeeldeth 21600. myles about the same The next Cyrcle aboue the Terrestiall Globe is the Element of Ayre and the next Region aboue the Ayre is the Element of Fyre and there are the foure Elements described in this Sphere or Globe Then ensueth the Spheres of the 7. Plannets that is to say the first is the Sphere of the Moone the second is the Sphere of Mercury the third is the Sphere of Venus the fourth is the Sphere of Soll the fift is the Sphere of Mars the sixt is the Sphere of Jupiter the seauenth is the Sphere of Saturnus the eyght is the Sphere of the starrie Firmament and euery one of these Spheres dooth carrie hys signe and Caracter vpon him And according to the common accompt the Earth is 39. times so much as the Moone But the Sphere of the Moone is farre bigger than the Globe of the Moone the semidiamiter of her Sphere is 33. times ½ longer than the Earthes semidiamiter the myles of the semidiamiter of her Sphere is 115278. and the myles of her Sphere in compasse contayneth 724604. 4 7. The semidiamiter of the Sphere of Mercury is 64. times so long as the Earthes semidiamiter the miles of the semidiamiter containes 220500. 2 33. And the myles of his Sphere in compasse contayneth 1386000. 4 231. The semidiamiter of the Sphere of Venus is 167. tymes so long as the Earthes semidiamiter the miles of the semidiamiter contayneth 573872. 3 11. the myles of the Sphere in compas contayneth 3607200. The semidiamiter of the Sphere of the Sunne is 1120. tymes so long as the Earthes semidiamiter the myles of the semidiamiter contayneth 3848367. 3 12 the myles of hys Sphere in compasse contayneth 34189737. 1 7. The semidiamiter of the Sphere of Mars is 1220. times so long as the Earthes semidiamiter the myles of the semidiamiter contayneth 4192363. 7 11. the miles of the Sphere in compasse contayneth 26352000. The semidiamiter of the Sphere of Jupiter is 8876. times as long as the Earths semidiamiter the myles that the semidiamiter contayneth is 30501163. 7 11. the myles of the Sphere in compasse contayneth 191721600. The semidiamiter of the Sphere of Saturne is 14405. times so long as the Earthes semidiamiter the myles that this semidiamiter contayneth is 4950318. 2 11. the myles of this Sphere in compas contayneth 311148000. The semidiamiter of the eyght Sphere is 20110. times so long as the Earthes semidiamiter the myles that this semidiamiter contayneth is 69105272. 11 8 the miles of this Sphere in compasse containeth 434376000. In this Armill or Ring Sphere are wonderfull conclusions to bee learned very strange and maruellous to the simple ignorant persons voyd of thys knowledge no lesse profitable than commendable to them and to the skilfull wise for the vse thereof is very apt and ready in teaching and is more easie for young learners than the Sollid or Massie Globe And this is a maruellous excellencie in knowledge to bee able so certaynly to iudge of things absent as if they were present to be able to tel what hower of the day it is in all parts of the Earth and when the Sunne ryseth and setteth in all places vnder heauen for the howers of the day are dyuers in dyuers Regions so is the shaddowes that the Sunne causeth in their Dyalls and all other shaddowes doth disagree many wayes not onely from our shaddowes but also one of them from another Agayne the tymes of the yeere are not a-lyke through all the world but when it is Sommer to vs it is winter to some
other and when it is Spring-tyme with vs it is Sommer in another Countrey and when it is Haruest with vs other people haue Sommer so whē it is winter with vs some Nations haue Sommer yea when Spring time beginneth with vs it is Haruest in some Countryes and in other Countryes it is Midsommer at the same time but when it is Midsommer with vs it is Haruest no where in the world but middle Winter it is then in two dyuers parts of the world And those people whose Zenith is within 23. degrees and a halfe of any of the Poles haue their shaddowes running round about them and the neerer they dwell vnder the Pole the longer is their day and therefore dooth their shaddowes run the oftner about them for where the day is but 24. howers long there the shaddowes runneth but once about and where it is halfe a yeere long there it runneth about 103. tymes and in all other meane places accordingly so that those people that haue these shaddowes thus running about them vnder the North Pole Then they that dwell vnder the South Pole haue no shaddowes at all for it is continuall darknes with them and yet doe they not want lyght although they lacke the Sunne but only halfe a moneth together when the Moone is in that halfe of the Zodiake which is out of their Horizont And though the Sunne and Moone be out of theyr sight ye see with vs that we haue a light before Sunne rysing and after the Sunne setting so haue they such a light by the beames of the Sunne 50. dayes continually after they haue lost the sight of the Sunne and so haue they like light 50. dayes together before the Sunne dooth rise to them And when the Sunne is at the highest with vs it is at the lowest with diuers other Nations namely to all them that dwell vnder the Equinoctiall directly or South from it And therefore all those Nations haue Mid-winter when we haue Midsommer Nowe followeth how to erect the Sphere First for the vse of the same you must place and set your Sphere leuill that it may stand vpright and by the needle in the compas in the foote thereof let it be placed due North and South then shall the Articke Circle stand North and the Antarticke South The next Rule is to find out the eleuation of the Pole of the heauē in that place wher you mind to obserue the Sphere for this being knowne then turne your Meridian Circle and rectifie the Pole of the Sphere so many degrees aboue his Horizont as the Pole of the heauen is eleuated in the place where you will obserue the same Then marke the degree of any signe that the Sunne is in that day whose quantitie you desire to know set that degree iust in the Horizonte towards the East and marke what degree of the Equinoctiall is in the Horizonte at the same time then turne the Sphere West-ward till the degree of the Sunne bee iust in the Horizonte againe in the West part and marke then what degree of the Equinoctiall dooth lyght on the Horizont in the East part accompting truely howe many degrees bee betwixt those two degrees which you haue marked and that Arke of the Equinoctiall is called the Arke of that day which you may easily turne into howers accompting 15. degrees to an hower and for euery degree lesse than 15. accompting 4. minutes of an hower Example I set the Globe to the eleuation of 52. degrees and consider the place of the Sunne the 14. day of August and find it to be by the Ephemerides in the first beginning of Virgo therefore doe I set the beginning of Virgo in the very Horizonte and then doe I see with it the 137. degree of Equinoctiall in the same Horizonte which I doe mark afterward I turne the Sphere til the place of the Sunne be in the Horizont on the West part thē in the East part I mark the place of the Equinoctiall which is 347. degrees now abating 137. out of 347. there resteth the whole day Arke which is 210. degrees which maketh 14. howers wherefore I conclude that the night is but 10. howers and both those times maketh iust 24. howers An other way to find the same more easier Example For London the Pole of heauen being raysed there 51. degrees and 34. minutes Turne your Meridian Circle 51. degrees 34. minutes thē the Pole of your Sphere is eleuated to the Latitude of London thus being finished The next Rule to knowe the day of the month you will practise on That is to be found out in the Horizonte Circle of the Sphere where you shall find also what degree the Sunne occupieth in the signe that day Then turne the Circle of the Sunne that the middle body of the Sunne be brought right against the said degree in the Zodiake then turne the whole Globe about West-ward till the body of the Sunne bee right vnder the Meridian Circle and there let him stay till you haue remoued the index of the howerly Circle or Diall precisely on 12. of the clocke at noone then turne bring the Globe backe agayne to the East part of the Horizonte where you first found out what degree of the signe the Sunne was in that day Then looke vpon the Dyall on the North parte of the Sphere or Globe ye shal find what hower the Sunne ryseth thys being done bring him back again West-ward toward the Meridian Circle it noteth the place of the eleuation of the Sunne euery hower till hee be at his full height vnder the Meridian Circle then it is sayd to bee in the very noone steede for that place where you vse the Sphere for then turn the Globe or Sphere frō the Meridian Circle westward and it sheweth the nūber of howers which he falleth from the Meridian height till the tyme that he setteth vnder the Horizonte and the index in the Dyall will tell you the hower that hee setteth vnder the Horizonte that day So thus hauing regard to the former instructions will tell you the tyme of the length of the dayes nights in all places of the world throughout the whole yeere Prouided alwayes that ye erect and set the degrees of the Meridian Circle to the Latitude of the sayde place where you meane to make your obseruation Yet by the way I will giue you a Rule touching the Sunnes motion in his Excentrick Circle The Excentrick Circle in the Sphere or Globe beeing narrower on the one side than on the other and hath his Center distant or deuided frō the Center of the world and is described in the heauen of the Sunne imagining a lyne from the Center of the Excentricke to the Center of the Sunne making a complet reuolution at the proper motion of the Sunne In the other heauens imagining a lyne from the Center of hys Excentrick to the Center of the Epicicle The Epicicle is a Circle or little Roundle fixt