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heaven_n	body_n	earth_n	see_v	7,359	5	3.8059	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51184	Remarkable addresses by way of embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Emperor of Japan Containing a description of their several territories, cities, temples, and fortresses; their religions, laws, and customs; their prodigious vvealth, and gorgeous habits; the nature of their soil, plants, beasts, hills, rivers, and fountains: with the character of the ancient and modern Japanners. Collected out of their several writings and journals by Arnoldus Montanus. English'd, and adorn'd with a hundred several sculptures, by John Ogilby Esq; His Majesties cosmographer, geographick printer, and master of the revels in the Kingdom of Ireland.; Gedenkwaerdige gesantschappen der Oost-Indische maatschappy in 't Vereenigde Nederland, aan de Kaiseren van Japan. English.	Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683.; Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie.; United Provinces of the Netherlands.	1671 (1671)	Wing M2486A; ESTC R218646	565,250	480

THE EMBASSAYS TO THE EMPEROURS OF JAPAN Cum. prerelegien Remarkable Addresses BY WAY OF EMBASSY FROM THE East-India Company OF THE UNITED PROVINCES TO THE EMPEROR of JAPAN CONTAINING A DESCRIPTION OF THEIR SEVERAL Territories Cities Temples and Fortresses THEIR Religions Laws and Customs THEIR Prodigious VVealth and Gorgeous Habits THE Nature of their Soil Plants Beasts Hills Rivers and Fountains WITH The Character of the Ancient and Modern JAPANNERS Collected out of their several Writings and Journals BY ARNOLDVS MONTANVS English'd and Adorn'd with a Hundred several Sculptures By JOHN OGILBY Esq His Majesty's Cosmographer Geographick Printer and Master of the Revels in the Kingdom of IRELAND LONDON Printed by the Author and are to be had at his House in White Fryers M.DC.LXXI De LAND REYSE van OSACCA tot IEDO 〈◊〉 Groote Steeden 〈◊〉 Kleyne Steeden 〈◊〉 Casteelen 〈◊〉 Dorpen 〈◊〉 Vlecken 〈◊〉 Heerlyckheeden 〈◊〉 Toorene en tempels 〈◊〉 De Cyffers syn de 〈◊〉 L●●●t● van de Br●●● De WATER REYSE van NANGASACQUI tot OSACCA De LAND R●YSE van OSACCA tot IEDO A MEMORABLE EMBASSY TO THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN The Earth and Sea constitute a round Globe FRom the round Shadow which darkens or eclipseth the Moon the different Rising and Setting of the Celestial Luminaries and the various Elevation of the Zenith or Vertical Point infallibly demonstrates That the Earth and Sea making one Body presents exactly the Figure of a Globe Which though the Surface of this mighty Ball be rough and gibbous many parts thereof swoln into Rocks and high Mountains others sunk into depressed Valleys yet make an even and smooth Circumference for the highest Tops and lowest Descents are nothing in comparison to the Magnitude of this vast Body but seem less than Warts on the Hand or small Furrows in a Plough'd Field Incircling this our Terrestrial Orb at an unmeasurable distance sparkle the innumerable Lights in the immense expansions of the Firmament The Description of Heaven and Earth About the Earth the Air spreading it self into three Regions dispenseth from the middle all sorts of Meteors with their several Effects upon us The lowest Storie variety of Birds and flying Fowls make their Receptacle the Sea and Rivers Fish inhabit but the Earth and Sea and all Creatures there residing the Creator left solely to the gubernation of Man under whose Command they remain so inverting the Authority of Power placed the Microcosmus over the Macrocosme the little World to Rule the great The distribution of the People upon the Earth But since the Fall of Adam his Generations persisting more and more increasing their enormous sins and louder-crying offences brought Gods just Judgment upon them who therefore destroy'd the Old World by an Inundation or general Deluge onely preserving eight Persons who descending from the Ark the Waters being ceased a new World began in which by degrees their numerous Progeny so multipli'd that they were forc'd to Plant fresh Colonies still more and more remote from the Foot of the Mountain where they first settled But nothing more help'd to the well and equal re-peopling of the desolated Universe than the confusion of Tongues which happen'd in the Worlds Infancy at Babel where all the Children of that Generation resolving to settle not minding farther Discoveries pitch'd upon the fertile Plains of Shinar Here must be say they the Center of our growing and intended Empire this our begun this our stupendious Work whose aspiring Tower looks down already upon the Clouds and hereafter threatens to scale the Skies shall be the mighty and all-commanding Head of our Imperial City which extended over these Plains we will inhabit and with our Lives and Fortunes guard and maintain But they in their vain Design and presumptuous Project were suddenly baffled by Divine Providence who in stead of setling scatter'd them over the face of the Earth for when they were at the busiest and in the heighth of their expectation labouring to finish this marvellous Structure thus the Almighty disappointed their whole endeavours all Tasks were suddenly thrown aside each mistaking not understanding one another in which confusion their onely comfort was to meet with any that spake with them the same Language These using one Tongue gathering in a Body stuck together and in several Companies fled to strange and unpeopl'd Regions where Planting they flourish'd and suddenly grew up to be several great Kingdoms Since call'd Europe Asia and Africa the then onely known Countrey So this their total rout and flying to all the Angles of the Universe proved for the better each by this means being sooner suppli'd so extending by degrees their fresh Colonies to the utmost and Maritime Coast Yet however one Party after this dissolution remaining still upon the Spot which though they utterly sleighted their begun Tower leaving it to ruine and decay yet went on chearfully with their chief City where Nimrod first taking the Title and supreme Authority upon him sat in his new erected Throne first Monarch of the Assyrian Empire Besides him many absolute Princes were thus in process of time establish'd in their several Dominions and the whole World seem'd to be once more totally replenish'd When the restless Nature of Man either unsatisfi'd with what he hath atchiev'd or spurr'd on by ambition or urgent necessity to enlarge their Bounds for their supernumerary Swarms gave the beginning to the Iron or turbulent Age War and Hostility raging every where in which those prevailing grew high and mighty those conquer'd low and humble continual vicissitudes and fluctuations of People Kingdoms subverted in Republicks and Common-wealths weary of such Government turn'd again into Monarchies The weakest Party put to all extremities and worst of exigencies by the pursuing Enemy were enforc'd all Land deni'd them venturing for refuge into the wide Ocean were soon swallow'd up some driven they knew not whither lighted on uninhabited Countreys there beginning new Plantations and perhaps by such Fugitives the new World never heard of by antiquity became of old to be peopled and by that means grown since to such vast Empires as our late Voyagers have discover'd Here it will not seem amiss to give you an account according as all Writers have it how this our Old World was peopled viz. Asia and Africa and who were the Fathers or chief Captains giving Denominations to the People and setling them in their several Plantations beginning with Holy Scripture The Offspring of Japhet Noah and his three Sons Japhet being the eldest his Offspring spread themselves over Asia and Europe Moses recounts these to be the Sons of Japhet Gomer Magog Madai Javan Tubal Meshech and Tiras Gomer as they say first settled his Colony along the Caspian Sea where Strabo and Pliny place the Cemerians the Sons of Gomer being Ashkenaz Riphat and Tagorma Planted other Colonies Ashkenaz laying the Foundation of the Kingdom of Media which others contradict supposing that he settled in the lesser Asia others the Countrey of

Will he not help you Where is his Mercy O foolish thought of Salvation You are distracted to continue thus in your stubborn humor imagining to receive great Rewards from God and great Esteem of your Successors in suffering wilfully your Bodies to be thus tormented I ask once again Why doth not your God help you Certainly your Life is not in his Hands but in the Emperors of Japan who when he pleaseth can punish and torture you more than ever he hath done yet This the Hollanders understood very well because Syovan spoke with a loud Voice and they also were us'd to his Stile by reason of their conversation with him in their Inn. To the great satisfaction of the Council But whilst Syovan rail'd thus at the Jesuits he seem'd exceedingly to please two of the Japan Council Sackay Sammoccysame and Matsodairo Ysossamma with his Discourse and chiefly when he spoke of Amida and Xaca ¶ IT is worthy our Observation that not only the Japanners but also all other Heathens nay such Pagans that acknowledg'd one God yet gave not Divine Honor to the very true God For understanding by the Light of Nature that there must upon necessity be a God that Created Heaven and Earth and requir'd to be Worshipp'd they ascrib'd the Godhead to the Creature not unlike the blind Man John 9. v. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12. of which St. John the Evangelist makes mention for he when he saw the Son of God of whom he had receiv'd sight ask'd him who was Gods Son because him whom he saw he knew not who he was Ignorance of the Ancients concerning God and especially the Japanners So in like manner all the Heathens look to this day on the Invisible God openly in his Visible Works They hear him calling with a loud yet silent Voice I am the Creator of the World the Preserver and Governor to whom all Divine Worship belongs But they shut their Eyes from seeing and stop their Ears from hearing no otherwise than if they dream'd and following their own Imaginations put the Visible Creature in the place of the Invisible Creator And so the Japanners acknowledge a God and yet Amida Xaca Canon and other Idols whose Beginning and Original they deny not they give Divine Worship and Honor to But this Error is very ancient The Apostle Paul saith thus of the Heathens Professing themselves to be wise Rom. 1. v. 22 23 24 25. they became sools And chang'd the Glory of the uncorruptible God into an Image made like to corruptible Man and to Birds and four-footed Beasts and Creeping things Wherefore God also gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts to dishonor their own Bodies between themselves Who chang'd the Truth of God into a Lie and worshipp'd and serv'd the Creature more than the Creator who is blessed for ever Amen Gods Truth is chang'd into Lies when Divine Worship is shewn to any thing but to the real God For it is a Truth That there is a God and to say that the Creature is God is a Lie Alexander ab Hales saith thus concerning it To keep Gods Truth Alex. ab Hales p. Summae q 30. de Adorat a. ● is to serve God to change his Truth into Lies is to serve the Creature in stead of the Creator For the right Worship consists in the Service of the onely true God Therefore if the Idolaters serve the Creature in stead of the Creator they change the Truth into Lies The Reasons of Idolatry It seems that Man because he saw not God therefore most wickedly made that God which he saw For since it is just and right to give to every thing its due yet the Heathens have given that Worship to the poor Creature which belong'd only to God so not only bereaving God of his Honor but also ascribing this Honor to that which never was nor ever can be God What the Learned Heathens thought of God Those which were somewhat wiser than the Vulgar had not such foolish thoughts of God as the Common People yet they suffer'd themselves to be carried away by the general Example judging it to be sufficient to think of a God whether it was the right or no that govern'd Mankind The one seem'd not to be concern'd to seek after God by the Light of Nature because they pursu'd their Pleasures and made their Bellies their Gods as the famous Roman and Greek Gluttons which search'd both Sea and Land to find Dainties for their never-satisfied Appetites Other Heathens were too busie in purchasing Honor or else too covetous and others were too poor to lose time from begging for their Living Why they sought ●●ter God So that they found so much to do on Earth that they never studied for Heavenly Enjoyments Few were earnest to seek the Lord if haply they might feel after him and find him Acts 15 2● though he be not far from every one of us In the interim they became vain in their imaginations Rom. 1.21 2● and their foolish heart was darkned Professing themselves to be wise they became fools onely observing the Vanities of the Heathen Religion neither caring nor desiring to know which way to turn However this Truth is very evident That God inlightned the Pagans with some Beams Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them Rom. 1.19 20. for God hath shewed it unto them as the Apostle speaks For the invisible things of him from the Creation of the World are clearly seen being understood by the things that are made even his Eternal Power and Godhead The Truth stirr'd them not up to the working for Salvation The Creation of the World manifested sufficiently Gods Goodness From ignorance of God proceeds Wickedness Wisdom and Power and requir'd therefore that Men should be at his service as well for his exceeding Greatness as Goodness and certain assurance of everlasting Salvation which was prepar'd for all those that fear'd God But the World would rather idly and scornfully without earnest Observation look upon the Works of God and give no Honor to the Creator nay say That no God created it Therefore they thus forsaking God he forsook them and according to his Judgement gave them over to Wickedness of which the Chiefest and Learnedst Heathens were no way clear The chiefest of the Learned Heathens very wicked How highly do the Greeks esteem the sweet-flowing Xenophon What a great deal of Judgment lies hid in the famous Tabble of Tebes And who hath so famous a Name for Constancy Temperance Patience and Learning as Socrates Plato is so admir'd that Greece ascrib'd the Name of Divine to him But all these Plutarch accused De Educat that they were inclin'd to the foul sin of Sodomy and using Catamites De Vita Contemplat And Philo the Jew chides Plato Socrates and Xenophon exceedingly for that very thing The Prince of the Latine Poets

Bonzi the Minister that performs the Funeral-Rites in a great Coach which shines being all Silk and Gold Thirty Bonzies more run about the Coach they wear broad-brimm'd Hats over a fine Linnen Surplice a Black Cloke cover'd with a gray upper Garment each carrying a long Torch lighted made of Pine-Branches which they say lights the Defunct that he may not mistake or miss the Way These thirty are follow'd by two hundred more who call aloud upon that God or Idol which he most Worshipp'd when alive They also beat on great Copper Basons and carry two large Baskets full of Artificial Paper-Roses of divers Colours which they tie at the end of a long Stick shaking them as they go in such a manner that the Roses fly out of the Baskets that being a sign as they say That the Soul of the Deceas'd is already gone to the Place of Everlasting Happiness After these follow eight Youths young Bonzies in two Rows who trail after them long Canes with Flags each Inscrib'd with the Name of his Idol They also carry eight Lanthorns with lighted Candles which in stead of Horn are cover'd with fine Cotton Near these Lanthorn-carriers walk two Youths in gray Clothes which carry also Pine-Torches which they light when they come out of the City and with these kindle the Fire that must consume the dead Body The remaining Ceremony Next before the Corps walk a great number of People all in gray Clothes their Heads cover'd with little three-corner'd Caps of black shining Leather on which they pin small Papers written with the Name of his Idol And that it may be more conspicuous a Man follows which carries in a Frame in large Characters the Name of that God he had so much ador'd The Corps it self Then follows the Corps it self which is carried by four Men on a Bier cover'd with a Bed very richly adorn'd on which sits the dead Body with his Head bent forward and his Hands folded together being cloth'd all in white over which hangs a Paper Coat being a Book concerning the Mysterious Devotions belonging to his Deity and full of Prayers That he would be pleas'd in mercy to save him After the Corps follow the Sons of the Deceas'd in comely Habits the youngest Son carrying also a Torch of Pine to kindle the Funeral-Pyre Last of all comes a second Rabble of Common People suited with black Caps as the former How the dead are burnt in Japan When coming near the Pyle they stand in a Ring and soon after make a hideous Noise the Bonzies striking with great force on their Copper Basons and Kettles and all the People calling aloud on the Name of his Idol which continues a whole Hour during which they prepare the Pit being square and Rail'd about and hung with Mats Towards the four Points of Heaven are four Entrances being the East West North and South The Pit is cover'd over with Canvas and on each side of it stands a Table with all manner of Fruits near the Table Pots smoking with Perfumes and Frankincense no sooner they approach near the Inclosed place but they throw a long Rope over the Corps on which every one lays their hands and call on the name of their Idol several times together then they walk three times about the inclosed place At last they set the Bier with the Bed and Corps on the Funeral-pyre to which the Bonzi who Conducted the whole Train steps forth and Mutters several Words which none of those that are present can understand and takes a burning Torch which he Waves three times over the Head of the Dead Body signifying by those Circles that the Soul of the Deceased had never beginning nor shall ever have an end when done he throws away the Torch which two of the nearest Relations to the Deceased whereof one stands at the East end of the Bier and the other at the West as a Ceremony reaching it over the Corps to one another thrice together then they throw it on the Pyle whilest others pour on Sweet Oil then setting Fire which kindles so suddenly and grows to that height that the Body is consum'd in a moment Strange Custom when the body is burnt In the Interim his Sons and kindred walk towards the two Tables where setting Fire to the Pots with Perfumes they fall on their Knees and Worship the Deceased then as they believe to be in Heaven This finish'd their Bonzies are rewarded according to their several Services and the Chief Orderer of the Funeral receives at least twenty Duckets and the other Officers lesser Sums After the departure of the Friends and Bonzies to their several Houses then the Common People and those which were Habited in Grey make merry about the Fire with such Food as stands on the Tables On the next day the Children and Friends of the Deceased repair again to the Funeral Fire where they gather the Ashes Teeth and Bones in a Gilded Pot or Urn which they carry home and covering it over with a Cloth set it in one of the chief Rooms of the House Make repetition Sermon after what manner Thither all the Bonzies come to make a Repetition of the Funeral Sermon On the seventh day they begin their Visit and set the Urn with the Relicks on the Ground others set down a square Stone on which is Engraven the Name of the Idol After this the Sons go daily to their Father's Grave on which they strow Roses and place hot Liquor and set several Dishes of Meat about it so that their Father's Soul may be refresh'd Bon a dead Fast But besides these Funerals which commonly cost those that are able at least three thousand Duckets and the ordinary Citizens generally two or three hundred They keep on one day yearly a general Feast through the whole City which they call Bon dedicated to all the souls of their deceas'd friends on which day each hangs a Lanthorn and Candle at his Door and all visit the Graves of their several Relations great multitudes carrying out of the City Chargers full of Variety of Cates with which they Treat as they believe their departed Spirits then inviting them home to their Houses of which we have already spoke at large The corps of poor people misused The Funerals of the Poor People are no way to be compar'd to those of the Rich for not one Bonzi follows their Dead they having no Money for to satisfie them for their Labor without which they will not budge one Foot so that they onely take care for to provide Food for the Departed Souls and the more because most of them either publick or private are against the Immortality of the Soul therefore the Dead Bodies of the Poor of which there are very great numbers in Japan they throw in the night time in some private place or other or else upon the nearest Dunghil Departure of the Netherland Ambassadors from Jedo ¶ BUt to return

all manner of Fruitage and cover'd with a gilded Roof whose Edges are adorn'd with Golden Balls and especially at each Corner with two Dragons Couchant Above the first Roof is a second Story which resteth on sixteen Columns on whose Floor are five spacious Halls each of which hath five double Windows in the Front the uppermost part of them shelter'd under the Roof which jets over them on the Corners of which also lie Couching Dragons all Gilded Over this a third Story having in the middle a broad and high Window and on each side two more distinguish'd from the middlemost being made round on the top the Roof of this Story ends in a square Turret which is also cover'd with another Roof the Edges of which jetting over and curiously Wrought ends on the top sharp like a turn'd Spire Roofs Tyl'd with Gold But on the right and left side before the Front are the costly shining Roofs built before the Palace on ten great Pillars cover'd with Golden Plates the Tylings of this Roof are Plates of massie Gold joyning to the undermost Windows of the second Story so surrounding the whole Palace The Dayro's Halls Behind these Golden Tops are the lower Halls in which the Dayro resides the magnificent splendor of which is too glorious to describe the Windows are cover'd with the finest of Silks the Walls Varnish'd after the Indian manner the Floor Pav'd with Marble over which are Mats spread no less curious than costly Over those Halls on the second Story are several Rooms built after the same manner whose Roofs not jetting out so far as that which comes over the Front the Windows are seen very plain On the right and left side of it the lowermost Roof is adorn'd with many Golden Balls The upper Stories being several Foot narrower than the other are cover'd with a flat Roof under which are many large and convenient Apartments In what manner the Japan Emperor comes every sixth year to visit the Dayro THe Japan Emperor comes every sixth Year a hundred and sixteen Leagues to Meaco to Visit and Complement the Dayro which Progress is publish'd every where by his Gests through all the adjacent Countreys that the Ways may be mended and all other preparations may be ready against the coming of their great Master and his magnificent Train where are twenty eight Places appointed and prepar'd for his Reception whereof twenty are Strong-holds where for the better safety the Emperor takes up his Lodgings Conraedt Cramer being dispatch'd from the Netherland East-India Company to the Japan Emperor was present in Meaco upon his Imperial Majesties coming thither Anno 1626 whose splendid Train and Reception he describes thus ¶ ALthough the Emperor had been busied before in preparing all things in readiness for his great Progress to Complement the Dayro at Meaco yet he permitted the Netherland Ambassadors to his Presence granting them publick Audience whereas on the contrary those of Siam and the Portugal Agents were deny'd and could not obtain that liberty and favor Whereupon his Excellency Lord Cramer after having made his several Addresses to the Emperor and his chief Councel had Licence to depart and would have return'd back to Firando had not the Lord of that Island and Cacusymondonne a Courtier of the Emperors entreated him to stay and see the splendid and magnificent Train and Ceremonies of State us'd at the Emperors coming to the Dayro The Ambassador Cramer went in the Evening with his whole Retinue to a House near the Imperial Palace where he had hir'd a Place to stand in by which the Emperor and Dayro were to pass the next day being on the five and twentieth of October where whilst he stay'd with his Servants treating about Price the People began to flock in such great Multitudes and the Crowd still more and more increasing to get Places that the Ambassador finding it impossible to get home to his Lodgings was necessitated to stay there all Night Early in the Morning the Streets swarm'd with an incredible number of People which between the Emperor's and the Dayro's Court were all strow'd with white Sand and Rail'd in on both sides all along Guarded with Soldiers of his Imperial Majesties and the Dayro's Japan Guards how Armed Cloth'd in white Vestments with Head-pieces Varnish'd with black Wax and Arm'd each with two Scymiters and a Pike by them call'd Nanganet These Guards were up and down still busied in clearing the Way for Coaches and Horses through the People which two days before came flocking from all Corners of Japan in great numbers there getting on Scaffolds and staying all Night under the cold Canopy of Heaven to see the Emperor pass by the next Day when all the Windows and Roofs were cover'd and throng'd with Spectators Great Ceremony obser●'d when the Emperor and Dayro meet By break of day the Train began to march The first that pass'd were several Servants or the Emperor's and Dayro's with many Palanquino's or Porters who carried Gifts that were to be Presents in square Wax'd Chests cover'd with the Dayro's Arms in Gold unto the Emperor's Court a strong Guard attending them After these follow'd forty six Sedans of white Wood about a Fathom high in-laid with Plates of Copper and curiously painted in which the Ladies of Honor belonging to the Dayro's Wives were carried each by four Men. No sooner were these pass'd by but there follow'd twenty one Sedans more cover'd with black Wax and gilded which were also carried by four on their Shoulders These Ladies of Honor being richly Habited sate in great State After them came twenty seven large Sedans which were carried by a hundred and eight Men Their Servants that follow'd were alike cloth'd in White Liveries and of the same number In these Sedans fair to the Eye having gilded Doors and Windows were some of the Dayro's Nobles belonging to his Court but before every one of these a tall lusty young Man went holding by a long Pike an Umbrello of white Silk embroyder'd with Gold The Dayro's Nobles how habited Next these came a Cavalcade of twenty four of the Nobility on Horseback wearing on their Heads a small black wax'd Cap with a black Plume and Coats with wide Sleeves and their Breeches made of the best Sattin were long and narrow of several Colours richly embroyder'd with Gold and Silver By their Sides hung gilded Scymiters Bowes and Arrows girt to their Waste with Needle-workt Scarfs whose Tassel'd Fringes hung over on each side of the Horse their Boots drawn on straight being black were gilt with golden Bars bravely mounted on gallant Horses proud of their little Heads short Ears and gaunt yet Well-truss'd Bodies Stately Horses Insomuch that the meanest there seem'd to excell the most generous and bravest Steed that ever Europe boasted or bred Their Saddles were all wax'd or gilded the Seats embroyder'd with Silver and Gold or else richly spread over with Tygers Skins their Mayns like ours were

manner proceeded Taicosama against all Quabacondon's not only his Ministers of State or whoever he had a kindness for but his Wives Children and Relations not leaving to persecute them till they all suffer'd miserable Ends In Meaco he brought one and thirty Ladies partly Noblemens Daughters partly Persons of Honor belonging to Quabacondono's Consort and part of them his Concubines which last he fetch'd from the Castle Jurazu All these he convey'd in Coaches to the place of Execution with their Children whose innocent Shrieks and Tears mingled with the doleful Lamentations of the Spectators would have made a Tyger relent But there was no room for Compassion for no sooner arriv'd they at the fatal place of their Deaths but the Executioner first shewing them Quabacondono's Head to which they ail reverently bow'd began the Slaughter first with the Children that were one by one beheaded next the Women thrown to the Ground were inhumanely slaughter'd and their Bodies cast into a deep Pit over which the Tyrant built a Structure which he call'd The Temple of Beasts Murder committed by Scirabingo's Widow After that he condemn'd the Widow and Children of Scirabingo to suffer Death but when the Coach that brought her stopp'd before the Palace the Widow to free her self from the opprobrious Insultings of the Tyrant and the Shame of her undeserved Death first stabb'd her three Sons and one Daughter and ere the Fact could be thought of sheath'd the same Dagger in her own Bosom and immediately fell breathless on her murder'd Children These savage Barbarisms perpetrated on Rational Creatures he rag'd next upon inanimates falling upon the Castle of Jurazu which he pull'd down to the Ground with three hundred Palaces more carrying the Timber and Stones to Fissima ¶ BUt this was not Taicosama's first Persecution of the Christians having begun before in Anno 1587. if Father Cornelius Hazart may be credited upon this occasion The first occasion why Taicosama persecuted the Roman Christians The Commander Domingo Montero came from Portugal into the Haven of Firando with an exceeding stout Vessel in the foremention'd Year All the Inhabitants admir'd its Beauty and Largeness that the Fame of it came to Taicosama's Ear who being desirous to see it commanded the Ship to be brought to Facata where he then resided in order whereto he directed the Governor of the Jesuits to write his Pleasure to Montero who so soon as he receiv'd the Letter went with all speed to Facata telling the Emperor the danger of the Voyage by reason of the abundance of blind Rocks Shoals and Shelves that lay in the way between Firando and Facata This Taicosama seem'd to accept as an Excuse but indeed took it exceeding ill to be thus deny'd his Request and resolv'd of a speedy Revenge For on the next day he publish'd Edicts That all the Jesuits should depart Japan in twenty days because they endeavor'd to bring a new Religion amongst them contrary to the Japanners which had been establish'd there many Ages The Emperor would have done this long before but that he staid till he had subdu'd the Kingdom Ximo in which most of the Christian-Teachers resided Five Franciscans and three Jesuits crucifi●d But it rested not here For Anno 1596. he proceeded cruelly against the Christians without distinction commanding Gibonoscio Governor of Nangesaque to take five Franciscans and three Jesuits and having Crucified run them through with Spears Hazart reports That the Franciscans were Gonsalves Garcia Philip de las Casas both Mexicans Peter Baptista Franciscus de Saint Michael and Martin de Aguirre three Spaniards The Jesuits Paulus Miki a Japanner Joannes Goto and Jacobus Kisai ¶ AS to what the same Hazart writes concerning the Miracles wrought by these Priests Hazart Ch. Hist l. 6. c. 2. let him believe who according to St. Augustine desires and depends upon new Miracles for establishment of Religion already confirm'd by Wonders Several Miracles However take it as related That Peter Baptista being sent Ambassador from Manilla to Tauglama cur'd a Japan Maid of the Leprosie by touching of her and that at the same time the like Fiery Tongues descended from Heaven upon the whole Congregation present at the Cure as formerly fell on the Apostles in the Feast of Pentecost That Philippo de las Casas sailing from Manilla to Mexico and by stress of Weather driven upon the Coast of Japan by the way saw in the Air a White Cross which soon after turn'd Red and at last was cover'd with a black Cloud This Cross they say had the same shape as that on which he was afterwards Crucified That Franciscus a Saint Michael immediately cur'd a dumb Japan Woman and afterwards an Indian mortally wounded by the Sting of an Adder by signing them with the Cross But concerning the Opinion of these Relations Erasm Argin lib. Conf. August Erasmus says thus What shall I say of you which endeavor to delude the Common People by telling them strange Wonders and Miracles wrought by your Fraternity Certain I am some have judg'd that by these fair Relations and handsom Stories they stirr'd up the People to Zeal and Piety but I hardly give credit to such Tales I will here annex some other Testimonies extracted from the primest of the Catholicks That famous Melchior Canus Bishop of the Canaries Cani Loc. Theol l. 〈◊〉 c. 6. one of the Chiefest in the Council of Trent says I must needs speak it with sorrow That the Lives of the Learned Heathens describ'd by Laertius is with more Uprightness than that of the Christian Saints Most of our Writers follow their own Imaginations and relate so many Fictions that I am asham'd thereof Nicholas de Lyra the younger Brother who flourish'd about Anno 1320 saith Lyr. in Dan. ca. 14. In the Church too many Delusions and vain Fantasies are admitted affirming variety of Wonders perform'd indeed by the Priests and their Associates for Profit sake So also Cornelius Agrippa tells us Agrip. de Vanit Scient cap. 97. That the Writers of the Saints Histories seem to surpass one another in Fabling declaring a new Doctrine and Teaching the Word of God with too great mixture onely for Lucre and Profit And Josephus Acosta who had been through most part of the Western Indies Acost lib. tit 4. cap. 12. de Proc. Indor Sa●ute cries out saying What is our Preaching What is our Faith We do no Miracles There are no Wonders of our own that we can producce to confirm the Words of the Gospel Taicosama falls sick of the Bloody Flux ¶ BUt to return Taicosama now wearied with murdering fell sick of the Bloody-Flux in the latter end of July Anno 1598 first vomiting up his Gaul with some Blood afterwards in his Stools appear'd the Excoriatings of his Guts at last pieces of corrupted Flesh came from him with a horrible stench and great pain On the fifth of August greater Signs of Death appear'd he being continually

they stick on the Walls of the Houses then they run all over the House making a noise as if they were Devils themselves and by this means they pretend to banish the Devil The worshipping of evil Spirits spread far and near Vertoman l. 5. Navigat ¶ BUt this worshipping of evil Spirits is not onely usual in Japan and China but also in the East and West-Indies The Calicuters believe That Tamarini Creator of the World hath resign'd the Government thereof that he might live the better at ease but that he hath given the Command thereof to the Devil Deumam whose Image being made very horrible is religiously worshipp'd by the Brachmans that he should not prejudice them Practis'd in the time of Moses This adoring of diabolical Fiends hath not onely spread it self over a great part of the World but also is very antient for in Moses his time this wickedness had gotten great footing he speaks of it in Levit. 17.7 And they shall no more offer their Offerings unto Devils after whom they have gone a whoring And again in Deut. 32.17 They offer'd unto Devils not to God The unripe Fruit ripp'd from the tender Womb ' Gainst Natures Laws finds a too cruel Tomb On Wooden Altars cover'd with their Gore To shew how highly Devils they adore But on the left hand of the Japanners Creator two Kings and an ancient Philosopher hold the remaining part of the foremention'd Serpent to the Tail The nearest King towards the Image wears a Crown with three Points The first King that holds the Japan-Serpent● and turns up behind under which hangs a Golden Scarf about his Neck is a double String of Pearls on his Breast a costly Diamond tied with a Silk Ribbon his Coat is open below the Belly his Face represents that of a young Man and looks upon the two Evil Spirits that stand on the right side of the Image This King resided some time near the Sea and joyn'd with the Devils to hinder the Creation of Heaven and Earth The ssecond King hath four Heads The same Intentions that King had which stands next He likewise grasps the Serpent with both his Hands a single String of Pearls hangs on his Breast his Coat covers above half his Legs a Scarf hangs over his Right Shoulder he hath four Heads each with a picked Beard and all cover'd with one Golden Crown like a Bonnet on which are several Tops some smaller than others all running with a Point upwards These four Heads signifie four thousand Years which this King liv'd An ancient Japan Philosopher The old Philosopher with his right Hand holds the Body of the Serpent with his left grasping the Tail His Coat just covers his Knees his Beard long and parted in the middle his Face represents that of an Old Man behind on his Head appears the Image of a Dragon looking towards the right side and towards the left his contorted Tail on his Forehead he hath a golden Circle Gods with many Heads in Japan But as to what concerns the Four-headed Idol the Japanners have divers Gods with several Heads for they oftentimes make Xaca with three which they cover all with one Cap Sometimes they represent Canon the Son of Amida with seven Heads on his Breast Father Gruber relates That he found several Temples in Necbal a Province in Tartary in which were Idols with divers Heads and in some Places six Heads without Bodies were set on a Table with three Ascents on the lowermost of which three of them were plac'd in a row on the middlemost two and on the top one each standing betwixt the Vacancy above the other On both sides stood Vessels all of Oval fashion for the burning Incense and flat Dishes with Offerings to the Heads But to come to our Description Between the foremention'd Ancient Philosopher and Four-headed King an Image appears representing the Sun rising out of the Water cloth'd in a Vest part of it seeming under the Water over his left Arm a Scarf and in the same hand many sharp Spikes his Beard long and on his Head a Crown of golden Rays his right Hand arm'd with a Steeletto or sharp Iron Bodkin with which it seems to prick and push the Tortoise on which the Brazen Tree and the Creator as they call him rest to cause it to turn which moves so slowly that they say it comes but once about in a thousand Years Nothing is less to be admir'd than that the Japanners worship the Sun also in their Temples for no Idolatry whatsoever can boast to be so old in which they did not worship the Sun whose Adoration was more Venerable and spread it self further than any Idol whatsoever concerning whose Antiquity Job speaks thus Job 31.26.27 If I beheld the Sun when it shined or the Moon walking in brightness And my heart hath been secretly enticed or my mouth hath kissed my hand Here this Adoration of the Celestial Bodies after the manner of the Heathens is apparent according to which the first Worshippers of the Sun kiss'd their Hands in token of Honor App. Met. lib. 4. though afterwards according to Apuleius they bent only their foremost right Finger towards the Thumb whilst they turn'd themselves round Deut. 4.19 and pray'd to the Rising Sun Moses also saith And lest thou lift up thine eyes unto Heaven and when thou seest the Sun and the Moon and the Stars even all the Host of Heaven shouldest be driven to worship them and serve them But notwithstanding Gods Commands the Israelites have chiefly learn'd the Sun-worship from the Syrians which call'd the Sun Bahal that is to say Lord the Phenicians Beel-Samen according to Philo from the Ancient Writer Sanchoriathon which is Lord of the Heavens The Inhabitants of the Phenician City Accaron gave the Sun the Name of Baal-zehaim signifying The Lord of Offerings but afterwards that Name was chang'd to Baal-zebub that is The God of Flies to whom in bad Times De Abstinent Animal lib. 2. as droughty Seasons when those Insects ushering great Sicknesses rage they offer'd their Children The Ammonites understood the Sun likewise by their Moloch or Milcom to whose Honor the Parents carried their Sons and Daughters betwixt two Fires or caused them to be led by Priests to be cleansed and at other times they were burnt in that Image of Moloch which was divided into seven Copper Caverns which when they are made red hot with the Image the Officer according to Rabbi Simeon throws into the first Division fine Flower in the second a Turtle-dove in the third a Sheep in the fourth a Ram in the fifth a Calf in the sixth an Ox and in the seventh a Child These seven Chambers represent the seven Planets Saturn Jupiter Mars Sol Venus Mercury and Luna Therefore the Sun of old receiv'd the chiefest Offering being held for the most eminent God The Emssenians in Syria Apomena built for the Sun Saturn l. c. 23.

Rows on which appear strange deform'd Creatures artificially made of Rushes some representing the shape of Elephants Dragons and Tygers others half Men and half Beasts Rhinocerots every ones Back representing a Seat like a Throne on four Square Pedistals curiously Painted some of which Seats are fill'd with Sandal-Wood to burn the Corps These Pleited Monsters are made fast with Ropes one to another by which they are drawn forward through thousands of people Out of one of the foresaid Houses along the Rail of Red Rushes comes forth the Siam Bishop and sets himself down on one of the artificial Tygers Behind the Bishops the Sons of the King of Siam get upon the back of one of the Elephants The youngest Son rides just before the Chariot whereon the Corps of his deceased Mother lies his Elephant being made fast to it by Cords of fine Linnen full of Gold Rings at least an Inch thick The Corps it self stands on a Throne eighteen Foot high which rests on a Chariot six Fathom long Every thing represents either Art or Splendor for the Chariot and the Throne whereon the Corps stands is cover'd with thick Golden Plates and adorn'd with Imagery Inlaid with Mother of Pearl and green glittering Glass The Coffin sharp on the top and standing upon one end is of Massie Gold Emboss'd with Rubies and Diamonds The artificial Elephants Tygers Rhinocerots Dragons and other deformed Creatures are drawn along with the Corps by all sorts of People but distinguish'd by their several Caps Behind the Deceased Queen follows the King of Siam Riding on a She-Elephant Capparison'd in white Linnen adorn'd with great Tassels of Gold he that leads the Elephant holds a Golden Hook beset with Precious Stones The King Apparel'd in White hath a great Hat on his Head made fast under his Chin the end of Which hangs over his Shoulders Behind the King sits a prime Lord with his Head and Body bent forward which reaches him a Hanger of an Inestimable value And lastly When the Corps with all the Riches is thrown into the Flame after some time the Ashes of the Queen and the melted Gold are gather'd out of the Fire the Ashes preserv'd in a great square Tower Plated without with Gilt Tin but the melted Gold serves to make an Image representing the deceased Queen which when made is put into the Temple and Religiously Worshipped When the Siammers must be Shav'd And after the Queen is Burnt the Siammers may let the Hair of their Heads grow for as long as she was yet standing on the Earth they were necessitated to Shave their Heads every Fortnight An exceeding strange adventure that happen'd at the Funeral of the King of Siam's Daughter ¶ WIth such a Siam Idol the Temple in Saccai is adorn'd but to give you a somewhat nearer Relation concerning the Original of this Inestimable Image it will be necessary to add hereunto the strange adventure that happend on the three and twentieth of February and the following days Anno 1649. which the Governor John Van Muiden at that time residing in Judia the Metropolis of Siam as Agent for the Netherland East-India Company being an Eye-witness relates thus I was says he with the rest of the Netherlanders by the Interpreters call'd to Court to see the Splendid Funeral of the King's Daughter Born by his Royal Queen But because the Messengers came somewhat too late the Corps was already carry'd to the Funeral Pire but going thither we got upon a Scaffold which by the King's Order was built for us not far from the Fire In the middle of the Market-place in Judia in sight of the Royal Palace stood five Turrets rais'd of high Masts hung round about with Gilded Mats four Towers more of the same height and shape made an exact Quadrangle In the middle of the four was another Erected much larger and higher for whereas the four were but twenty Fathom high the middlemost was thirty all Plated with Gold and Emboss'd with Precious Stones Dazelling the Eyes of the Beholder Within the biggest Tower stood an exceeding costly Altar rais'd six Foot from the Ground on which the Corps of the King's Daughter was to be Burnt and was now brought thither after it had been Embalm'd and stood six Moneths in State in her Fathers Court. The Corps its self was Apparel'd in Majestick Robes with Gold Chains Arm-lets Neck-Laces of Pearl and other Precious Jems on her Head she wore a Crown of Gold the Body sat up-right in a Praying posture in a Chest of Massie Gold an Inch thick her Hands folded together and her Face up towards Heaven Then the greatest Mandarines or Siam Lords with their Ladies stept to the Corps and every one shewing a very mournful Countenance were all Clothed in fine white Linnen without any Gaiety Very rematkable Funeral and Strew'd an Handful of Flowers or Perfumes on the Deceased after which the Golden Chest with the Corps was set on a high Throne Erected on a stately Chariot and Presented before the chief Peers and Ladies of the Land whereupon the Princesses make first a doleful cry then wringing their Hands and Shreeking aloud calling also several times together on the Name of the Deceased shew all the Postures of a hearty sorrow Mean while the Chariot which was drawn by the Prime Nobility began to approach the foresaid five Towers Before the Corps the King 's eldest Son the Deceased's eldest Brother Rode on an Elephant On both sides his two second Brothers whose Elephants were Caparison'd in White every one having a long Scarf in their Hand whereof one end was made fast to the Coffin so seeming as if they drew the Body along On both sides of the Chariot also walk'd fourteen of the King's Children on Foot Clothed in fine White Linen and a green Bough in their Hand Just behind the Chariot follow'd all the Princes and their Princesses in great State On both sides of the Way through which the Chariot pass'd stood stately Scaffolds each standing twenty Fathom from the other on which the meaner sort of Mandarins or Lords sate who when the Corps came before them threw several Suits of Clothes amongst the throng of People and also Oranges stuck full Ticols and Masees which is a sort of Siam Silver Coyn the first valu'd at about two Shillings and the last at six Pence The concourse of People was so exceeding great that many were throng'd to death But so soon as the Chariot stopp'd before the middlemost of the five Towers the Corps was taken down by the primest Lords and not without great Ceremony whilst the Musicians Sung and Play'd all manner of doleful Tunes was placed on the Altar in the fifth Tower and surrounded with Sandal and Agor-Wood sprinkled with the sweetest Perfumes and best of Essenses Princesses that must either cry or be beat●n where that Custom is us'd Then the whole Train of the King's Children and prime Lords return'd to Court but the Princesses stay'd