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A64912 Romæ antiquæ descriptio a view of the religion, laws, customs, manners, and dispositions of the ancient Romans, and others : comprehended in their most illustrious acts and sayings agreeable to history / written in Latine by ... Quintus Valerius Maximus ; and now carefully rendred into English ; together with the life of the author.; Factorum et dictorum memorabilium libri IX. English Valerius Maximus.; Speed, Samuel, 1631-1682. 1678 (1678) Wing V34; ESTC R22311 255,720 462

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of his own Goods I said he carry all my Goods about me For he carried them in his Breast not upon his Shoulders not to be seen by the Eye but to be prized by the Minde Which b●ing preserv'd in the little Sanctuary of the Minde are not to be injur'd ●y the hands either of Gods or Mortals and as they are always at hand with them that tarry so they never desert them that flie 4. Short in words but abounding in sence was the Sentence of Plato who said The world would then be happy when wise men reigned or Kings began to be wise 5. Of a piercing judgment also was that King to whom as they report when the Diadem was brought before he put it upon his Head he held it in his hand and having a long time paus'd upon it Oh noble rather tha● fortunate Linnen cryed he which be that knew with what cares dangers and miseries it was attended would not take it up from the ground 6. How much to be applauded was the answer of Xenocrates who being present at the reviling speeches of another with a seal'd-up silence and ask'd why he curb'd his tongue so being alone made answer Because he had once repented him of speaking but never of holding his tongue 7. The Precept also of Aristophanes is more exaltedly prudent who in one of his Comedies brings in Pericles the Athenian sent back from Hell and prophecying that a Bear was not to be cherish'd in the City Admonishing that the active Wits of noble and stirring youth ought to be curb'd but being fed with over-much favour and profuse indulgence let them not be hinder'd from gaining the Supreme Power For it is vain and unprofitable thing to resist that force which is softer'd by ●hy self 8. Wonderfully Thales who being asked whether the deeds of men escap'd the knowledge of the Gods Not their premeditated acts said he Intimating that we ought not only to preserve our hands clean but our minds pure if we believe our thoughts to be known to the Gods No less prudent is that which follows The Father o● an only Child consulted Themistocles whether he should marry her to a poor learned Man or a rich Man of no esteem To whom I had rather choose a man said he wanting Money than Money wanting a Man By which saying he admonish'd a fool to choose a Son-in-Law before the Wealth of a Son-in Law Much to be applaud●d was the Epistle of Philip wherein he chides Alexander endeavouring to ingratiate himself with large gifts into the hearts of ●ome of the Macedonians What reason Son perswaded thee to this vain hope That thou shouldst think those persons will be faithful to thee whose kindness thou art forced to purchase with Money Love only breeds love Yet was Philip rather a Purchaser than a Victor of Greece But Aristotle when he sent his Disciple Callisthenes to Alexander admonish'd him either to say nothing to the King or else to talk pleasantly But he for reproving him because he prided himself to hear the Macedons salute him after the manner of the Persian flattery and for that he sought to reclaim him against his will to the antient Customes of his Forefathers being commanded to be put to death too late repented his neglect of the wholesome counsel that had bin given him Thus Aristotle taught that it became not him to speak either way of himself For to praise himself was a vanity to speak ill of himself a folly A most wholesome Precept was it of his likewise That we should consider Pleasures that were passing off Which by so representing he diminish'd for so he exposed them fainting and full of repentance which render'd them the less desirable 9. No less prudence was it in Anaxagoras who being ask'd whom he thought the happiest person None of those said he whom thou imagin'st happy but thou shalt finde him among the number of those whom thou accomptest unfortunate Not the person that abounds in Riches but the manurer of a small Farm or the faithful and persevering observer of unambitious Maximes more happy in retirement than in outward shew 10. Wise was the saying of Deinas also For the Athenians denying to attribute divine Honours to Alexander Take heed said he lest while you are so careful to keep Heaven you loose the Earth 11. How subtily did Anacharsis compare the Laws to Spider Webs For as they detain'd the weaker Animals and let go the stronger so the other bound the poor and needy and let go the rich and potent 12. Nothing more pruden● than that act of Agesilaw For having discovered a Conspiracy against the Lacedaemonians by night he presently abrogated the Laws of Lycurg●s that forbid the punishment of those that were not condemn'd But having apprehended and put to death the Offenders he presently restor'd them again providing both ways that wholesome punishment should not be thought unjust nor be prevented by Law Therefore that they might be always it was necessary that for some time they should not be 13. But I cannot tell whether the Counsel of Hanno were not more eminently prudent For when Mago related the event of the Battle of Cannae to the Senate of Carthage and produced three Bush●●s of Gold Rings in testimony of the success he demanded whether any of their Allies had revolted from the Romans after so great a defeat When he heard that none were fallen off to Hannibal he presently advis'd that Embassadours should be sent to Rome to treat of Peace which Counsel had it bin follow'd neither had Carthage bin overcome in the Second not ruin'd in the Third Punic War 14. Neither did the Samnites pay les● severely for the same Errour when they neglected the wholesome Counsel of Herennius Pontius who excelling the rest in Authority and Prudence being consulted by the Army and the Commander thereof his own Son What they should do with the Roman Souldiers taken at the Caudine Forks answer'd That they should be sent home untouch'd The next day being asked the same question he made answer That they should be all destroy'd Either that they might merit the good Will of an Enemy by an extraordinary Benefit or impair his force by a considerable loss B●t the improvident rashness of the Victors despising both counsels of profit and advantage by putting them under the Yoak incens'd them to their ruine To many and great Examples of Prudence I will adde one small one The Cretans when they would most vehemently curse those they hate wish they may take pleasure in an ill Custome and in the Modesty of their Wish finde a most efficacious event of their revenge For to desire any thing in vain and to persevere in that earnest desire is a pleasure next to ruine CHAP. III. Of things craftily spoken or done Among the ROMANS 1. The President of Diana 's Temple 2. L. Junius Brutus 3. P. Scipio Africanus the Elder 4. Q. Fabius Lubeo 5. Antonius the Orator 6. Q. Sertorius 7. Q. Fabius
Q. Metellus first as Consul then for the Consul had subdued almost all Spain and understood that Pompey the Consul his enemy would be sent to succeed him he dismissed all that pretended to be acquitted from service gave licence to the Souldiers to go take their pleasure heyer setting any time for their coming again He left the Magazines upon the Borders free to the plunder of the Enemy He ordered the Cretans Bows and Arrows to be broken and thrown into the River He sorbid any Victuals to be given to the Elephants By which acts as he gratified his Passion so he sufficiently sullied the glory of his great Deeds and lost the honour he had won being a greater Vanquisher of the Enemy than of his own Passion 8. What became of Sylla too obedient to this Vice After he had shed the blood of others did he not shed his own For burning with indignation at Pu●oli bec●use that Granius Prince of the Colony did not pay in so quickly the Money to the Decurio's which he had promis'd for the repair of the Capitol with a concit●●ion of minde more than ordinary and an immoderate force of speaking he vomited up his last breath mixed with blood and threats Not sailing by old Age as not being above threescore but raging with an Impotency nourished by the miseries of the Commonwealth So that it is a doubt whether Syll● or Sylla's Anger were first extinguished FORRAIGNERS Now it behoves us to fetch Examples from unknown persons yet there is something of shame in repro●ching the Vices of great men But since the faith of our designe admonishes us to comprehend every thing the Will must give way to the Work that the Conscience of declaring necessary things may not be wanting while we justifie the proof of g●eat things 1. Alexa●der was kept from Heav'n by his own Anger For what hinder'd but th●t he might have risen thither had not Lysim●●hus thrown to a Lion Clytus run through with a Speat Call●●henes put to death lost him the fame of three of his greatest Victories by the unjust slaughter of so many friends 2. How excessive the Hatred of Amiloar toward the Roman People For beholding four Sons of tender Age and the same number of Lions whelps He bred them he said to the ruine of our Empire Fairly brought up as it hapned to the ruine of their own Country 3. Of which Sons Hannibal so followed his Father● steps that when he was about to cross the Army over into Spain and sacrificing for good success the Son then but nine years of age holding his hand upon the Altar swore that assoon as his Age would permit him he would be a most bitter Enemy to the Romans that he might express to his father how willingly he accompanied him in the War then ●foot The same person that he might shew the Hatred between Rome and Carthage happening to stumble and raise the dust with his foot Then said he there will be an end of the War between these two Cities when one of them is reduced into dust as this is 4. In the breast of a Boy the Force of Hatred was not so prevalent but that it equally prevailed in a Womans breast For Semiramis Queen of the Assyrians when it was related to her as she was combing her hair that Babylon was revolted with one part of her hair loose and distievell'd she hasted to its recovery nor would she bring her hair till she had reduced the City into order And therefore her Statue is placed in Babylon in the same posture as she hasten'd to her Revenge CHAP. IV. Of Covetousness ROMANS 1. M. Crassus and Q. Hortensius 2. Q. Cassius Longinus 3. L. Septimuleius FORRAIGNERS 1. Ptolomey King of Cyprus LEt Avarice be brought forth that lurks in hidden places but a devourer of o●en prey unhappy in enjoyment but most through Insatiability 1. When certain persons had suborn'd a false testimony against Minucius Basilius in Greece who was very rich to confirm it they put into his Will as Heirs two of the most potent men of ou● City M. Crassus and Q. Hortensius to whom Minutius was altogether unknown Though the fraud were evident yet both covetous after the Estate neither refus'd the gi●t of a Forreign Crime How great an offence have I slightly related The Lights of the Court and Ornaments of the Seat of Judicature what they ought to have punish'd invited by the ba●t of dishonest gain they protected by their Authority 2. But it was of greate● force in Q. Cassius who let go M. Silius and A. Calpurnius being apprehended in Spain with daggers on purpose to have kill'd him having agreed with the one for fifty with the other for sixty Sesterces It may be a question whether if they had given him as much more he would not have offer'd them his throat also 3. But above all the Avarice of L. Septimuleius was most notorious Who being a familiar Friend of Gracchus not only cut off his Head but carried it fix'd upon a pole through the City because Opimius the Consul had promis'd a reward in Gold to him that should do it Some report that he filled the hollow part of his Scull with melted Lead that it might be the heavier Whether he were seditious or died for a good Example yet the wicked hunger of his friend should not have bin so greedy after such injuries to the dead FORREIGNERS 1. The Covetousness of Septimuleius deserved hatred but the Avarice of Ptolomey King of the Cyprians is to be laught at For having by mean devices scrap'd together great Riches and saw that he was like to perish for their sake and for that reason having shipped all his Wealth was got out to Sea that by bulging the Vessels he might perish at his own leasure and frustrate his Enemies hopes could not endure the sinking of his Gold and Silver but carried back the future reward of his own Death Surely he did not possess but was possess'd by Wealth being in his minde a mise●able slave to Money CHAP. V. Of Pride and excess of Power ROMANS 1. M. Fulvius Flaccus Cos. 2. M. Livius Drusus Tribune of the People 3. C. Pompey the Great three times Consul 4. M. Antonie Triumvir FORREIGNERS 1. Alexander the Great 2. Xerxes King of Persia. 3. Hannibal the Carthaginian 4. The Carthaginian and Campanian Se●ate 1. NOw that Pride and Excess in Power may be brought upon the Stage Fulvius Flaccus Consul Colleague with M. Plautius Hypsaeus being about to make Laws very pernicious to the Common-wealth of making free Citizens of Rome and citing such before the People who would not change their City could hardly be perswaded to come into Court Then when the Senate partly admonish'd him partly b●sought him to desist he gave them no answer He might be accompted a Tyrannical Consul who had thus carried himself against one Senator as Flaccus did against the whole Body of so Majestick an Assembly 2. Whose Majesty was no less