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A44410 A discourse concerning Lent in two parts : the first an historical account of its observation, the second an essay concern[ing] its original : this subdivided into two repartitions whereof the first is preparatory and shews that most of our Christian ordinances are deriv'd from the Jews, and the second conjectures that Lent is of the same original. Hooper, George, 1640-1727. 1695 (1695) Wing H2700; ESTC R29439 185,165 511

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Maimonides in this place and those only are mentioned here whom the Law pronounces unclean yet we may suppose that these were nam'd only for Example sake and that other States of Men lay under the same Restriction For First it appears from the same Author g that none was to come into the Court of the Israelites in an uncomely Dress with torn Clothes or long neglected Hair By which it is plain That Mourners were not permitted to enter there during the whole Thirty Days and consequently that all Excommunicates were likewise debarr'd thence And further of the Mourners of the first seven Days he elsewhere h tells us That they sent no Offerings to the Altar not so much as Wine or Wood or Frankincense not for their Sins and less of Peace and much less of Thanks By this Prohibition of Sending it is imply'd They could not come and seeing it is the same Prohibition which lay upon the Defil'd with the Dead we may conclude That these Mourners likewise were oblig'd to stop with them in the Outer Court and could not pass beyond Now that there were Excommunicates who answer'd these Mourners we have seen (i) §. II. and that they kept them company there in the Court of the Gentiles we might well presume But the Excommunicates happen in this Case to be mention'd by our Author and in a manner that though it may seem to weaken the Inference will be found to confirm it It is said there k of the Excommunicates That it was doubted whether they might send and also that if they did send the Oblation would be good And if this Place would have concluded any thing for their Freedom of Access or for their Advantage from those Sacrifices it would not have been omitted by Mr. Selden whereas he rather seems to have pass'd it by because he foresaw it would make against him For he knew well that the Offering being good signified no more than that though it were regularly to be forborn yet the Reception of it by the Priests was no Prophanation k and he could not but discern That this Unlawfulness of Sending impli'd the Unlawfulness of their Coming for otherwise no such Doubt could have been made concerning them And lastly As for those Excommunicates who were rank'd with Lepers or who were absolutely Cutt off it cannot but seem probable That these were denied Entrance not into the Temple only but even into the Holy City The contrary therefore to what Mr. Selden so often asserts is very evident That no Excommunicate Person could go into the Court of the Israelites and that many of them could go no further than the Outmost Court and it appears to be very likely That those who lay under the more grievous Sentence were utterly excluded even from the Privileges of a pious Heathen This distance They themselves were oblig'd in Conscience to keep and if any of them were suffered by the Priests to come nearer it must have been from the Want either of Authority in the Judge that did excommunicate or of a Certificate of the Excommunication § IV. AND now we come to the New Testament and there possibly we may have an Instance of the above-mentioned Rebuke in that Reproof given by our Saviour to St. Peter (a) Matth. 16.23 Get thee behind me c. but of their Excommunication the Mentions are confess'd And in that Case when any One is said there to be put out of the Synagogue (b) Joh. 9.22.16.2 as Mr. Selden is ready to understand him separated and secluded from the Communication of the People of Israel in Civil Affairs so we are to have leave to suppose him ejected likewise out of the Synagogue Place and depriv'd of the Liberty of the Temple And further when our Saviour directs (c) Matth. 18.15 an offended Brother to admonish the Offender first in Private afterwards before Two or Three Witnesses and then to bring him before the Church or Consistory and if he does not then amend but continues obstinate to esteem him as a Heathen and a Publican this may well be taken to direct a Private Charitable Course us'd on other Occasions by the Jews (d) §. I. to be try'd in this Case before the Judicial Proceedings begin And then what follows may be very properly understood of the Validity of the Sentence of Excommunication if by the Obstinacy of the Party the Process must be carried so far What ye bind on Earth shall be bound in Heaven and what ye loose on Earth shall be loosed in Heaven That is in the Jewish way of Speaking something of which may be seen in this Chapter (e) §. III. the so Condemn'd and Excommunicated Below and by Men shall be held as Excommunicated Above in Heaven and by GOD himself and the Absolved by the Consistory below shall be Absolved by the Consistory above This Meaning supported by the Practice of the Jews and consonant to their Expressions f the Place certainly admits and so naturally as not to be easily set aside by the bare force of an uncertain Criticism upon a single Word g Our Saviour in all probability may be suppos'd to speak of Excommunication there but we find expresly the Actual Excercise of it in the Church of Corinth directed by St. Paul upon the Person of a grievous Offender and the Sentence given Therefore put away from your selves that wicked Person (h) 1 Cor. 5.13 And though any one should insist upon the Variety of Rendering which may be us'd on that Text and translate it wicked Thing yet that Thing must be understood of the Person that did this Deed (i) 5.2 and who ought to have been taken away from among the Congregation and delivered to Satan (k) 5. that is Cast out of the Communion of Christ our Saviour and Comforter or Advocate and delivered up to Satan to be accus'd and tormented by him Here is an Act of Excommunication and a Precedent of Absolution from it we have upon the same Person in the Second Epistle the Forgiving and Comforting of him by the Church (l) 2 Cor. 2.7 confirm'd by the Apostles Forgiveness also (m) 2.10 And thus Excommunication so which whenever it was introduc'd among the Jews whether by Moses or some other Prophet had long obtain'd among them before our Saviour's time is as we find in probability countenanc'd and order'd by Him and certainly commanded and executed by his Apostle and how this Practice was continued in the succeeding Ages we shall see anon § I. a They call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 See Morinus de ●oen lib. 4. c. 28.4 b This is known by the Name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Niddui a word that signifies Separatio Elongatio as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is Separatio Amotio propter Immunditiem And to this the Arabick 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Abegit and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aversatus est Abhorruit agree f Call'd Cherem from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Excludere