Selected quad for the lemma: heart_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heart_n	believe_v	see_v	soul_n	2,523	5	4.8562	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A36161	A complete dictionary of the Greek and Roman antiquities explaining the obscure places in classic authors and ancient historians relating to the religion, mythology, history, geography and chronology of the ancient Greeks and Romans, their ... rites and customs, laws, polity, arts and engines of war : also an account of their navigations, arts and sciences and the inventors of them : with the lives and opinions of their philosophers / compiled originally in French ... by Monsieur Danet ; made English, with the addition of very useful mapps.; Dictionarium antiquitatum Romanarum et Graecarum. English	Danet, Pierre, ca. 1650-1709.	1700 (1700)	Wing D171; ESTC R14021	1,057,883	623

Feast to her which they call'd Angeronalia because she cur'd their Flocks which were troubled with the Quinsie She is painted with her Mouth cover'd to shew us that Pains and Griefs should be born without impatient Complaints They sacrifi'd to her in the Temple of the Goddess Volnpia where her Statue was set up ANGIBATA a Greek Word that comes from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and signifies a Transparent Vessel in which little Images seem to move up and down in the Water which are inclos'd in it and seal'd up hermetically This wonderful Effect which makes a kind of Enamell'd Figures to swim in the Water is seen in an Angibata which has lately been found out in which a small Image rises and falls turns about and stands still as you please This is done by straitning and compressing the Water more or less with the Thumb which stops the end of a long Glass Pipe or Tube fill'd with Water The Contrivance is The little enamell'd Image which is hollow and has a Weight so proportion'd to its Largeness that it will swim upon the Water yet so that by the Addition of a small Weight it will rise and sink to the bottom ANGLIA England see Albion ANGUIS a Serpent which was an ill Omen in Marriages as we may see by those Verses of Terence in his Phormio He will say that lately there happen'd to him ill Omens a Serpent fell from the Tiles through a Gutter The God Aesculapius is ordinarily represented under the figure of a Serpent because he came from Epidaurus to Rome in that shape ANGUSTUS CLAVUS a small Button in the shape of the Head of a Nail which the Roman Knights did wear upon their Garments call'd from thence Tunica Angusti Clavi whereas the Senators wore them larger and their Coat was therefore call'd Tunica Lati Clavi From hence it comes that these Words are often in Latin Authors and chiefly in Suetonius taken for the Dignity of Knights and Senators ANIENSIS TRIBUS the Tribe of Anio or the Inhabitants near the River Anio In the Consulship of M. Fulvius and F. Manlius the Censors P. Sempronius Sopho and P. Sulpitius Severa made a Census i. e. took an Account of the number of the People to which they added a new Tribe call'd Aniensis ANIGER or ANIGRUS a River of Thessaly whose Waters were sweet and pleasant but afterwards turn'd bitter and stinking because the Centaurs wash'd their Wounds in it which they had receiv'd from Hercules as the Fable says ANIMA the Soul which animates all living Creatures in general This Word comes from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifies Wind or Breath the Latins say Animam efflare to express the yielding up the last Breath or at the last Gasp The Antients were several ways mistaken about the Nature of the Soul Some as Lactantius says believ'd that the Soul was Air. Varro following this Opinion says The Soul is Air receiv'd in at the Mouth purified by the Lungs warmed by the Heart and from thence dispersed through the whole Body Some have form'd to themselves an Idaea of Souls as certain thin Substances like Shadows yet visible performing the same Functions and having the same Organs with the Bodies which they animate since they see speak understand and have need of Boats to carry them over the Rivers of Hell so that according to their Argument they are only more subtil Bodies This Error pass'd among the Primitive Christians notwithstanding the clear Light of the Gospel and so the Antients in their Emblems have represented the Soul by a Butterfly flying from the Body which may be observed from a Basso Relievo of Marble which represents a young Man lying upon a Bed with a Deaths-head at his Feet and a Butter-fly flying over him which signifies his Soul and by its flying away it shews us that the Soul had forsaken the Body to which it was united The Butter-fly seems to have come out of the Mouth of the deceas'd because the Antients thought as the Vulgar still do that the Soul took its flight from the Body at the Mouth which made Homer say in his Iliads lib. 9. That when the Soul has once pass'd the Fence of the Teeth it can never return again They have exprest the Soul by a Butter-fly which perpetuates its Being by changing its shape several times For after this manner the Pythagorcans believe that we change our Genus or Species by the Transmigration of our Souls Moralis tells us of an Epitaph by which it appears that a dead Man order'd his Heirs to make a Butter-fly over his Ashes Haeredibus meis mando etiam cineri ut meo Volitet ebrius Papilio There is yet extant a Representation of a Cupid endeavouring to fix an unsteady Soul by fastening it to a Tree for a punishment of its Inconstancy nailing it to a dry stump and by that means hindring it from entring into the Body it desir'd Nicetas Choniates says That some were of opinion that there are two Natures in the Soul one luminous and the other dark This last has its Original from below and comes through some subterraneous Caverns the other descends from the Height of Heaven all inflamed to adorn the Body but in its Descent it is especially caution'd to take care that while it endeavours to adorn its earthly Habitation by its Light it doth not obscure it self by the others Darkness The Soul is more particularly said to be that which gives Life to Animals and Vegetables The Vegetative Soul is in Plants and Trees the Animal in Beasts and the Rational and Spiritual in Man The Cartesians define the Soul of Man a thinking Substance and by this Quality alone they think they can prove its spiritual and immortal Nature As to the Soul of Beasts they say 't is an Automaton or a Machine that moves of it self and by natural Springs that their Soul is a thin an active Substance which participates of the Nature of Fire and is the Source of the Vegetative Spirits The Immortality of our Soul was not only the Opinion of the Poets but of all Mankind The first Idolatry was either the Worship of the Stars or of Kings which were Deities after their Deaths Now this presupposes that they believed that the Souls of Kings were much of the same Nature with the Intelligences which govern the Stars Thus the Apotheosis or Deification of the deceased was an evident proof of the common belief of the Immortality of Soul The earnest desire of Fame is a secret proof of the inward belief of the Souls Immortality for Men would never have taken so much pains to have eterniz'd their Name and Memory if the Soul had been mortal So Horace tells us That he should not dye entirely but that the greatest part of himself would survive after death Non omnis moriar multaque pars mei Vitabit Libitinam And Ovid says the same in these Verses Parte tamen meliore mei super alta perennis Astra

Lawrels referred to those that were planted at the Emperor's Gate the first Day of the Year or when they had obtained some Victory Dio speaking of the Honours which the Senate bestowed upon Augustus says that they ordered Lawrels to be planted before his Palace to shew that he was always victorious over his Enemies whence it is that Pliny very properly calls a Lawrel Caesar's Porter the only Ornament and faithful Guardian of their Palaces Gratissima dominibus janitrix Caesarum quae sola domos exornat ante limina excubat There remains still another sacred Buckler on which is represented that victorious Action which Scipio Africanus did at the taking of New Carthage in Spain it is related at large in Livy But says he Scipio calling the Spanish Hostages whom he had taken Prisoners comforted them in their ill Fortune and told them that they were come into the Power of the People of Rome who took more Delight in gaining Hearts by Kindness than in making them Subjects through Fear and who loved more to have Foreign Nations for their Allies and Friends than to lay upon them an heavy Bondage Then having taken the Names of all their Cities he caused a List to be made of all the Prisoners inquiring of them their Name and Country and sent out Posts all Ways that every Family concerned should come and receive his own surrendring up to the Governours of the Cities that were present their Citizens and advising Caius Flaminius the Treasurer to treat the rest with all imaginable Civility At the same time a very aged Matron crowded through the Throng of Hostages to cast her self at his Feet she was the Wife of Man donius the Brother of Indibilis King of the Illergetae Her Petition mixed with Tears and Sobs was that Scipio would please to recommend the Care of the Ladies to his Guards and when Scipio answered they should want nothing convenient for their Subsistance she replied 't is not that that I am concerned for for in this Disgrace we ought to be contented with any thing but that which disturbs me is the Youth of these my Daughters for as for my self Age secures me from all the Insolences which they may justly fear They were the Daughters of Indibilis young and fair Then Scipio answered her I cannot but follow the Custom of the People of Rome and the exact Discipline which is observed in my Troops that does not suffer any Man in the least manner to violate the Respect which is due to your Sex but your Vertue and Constancy which even ill Fortune cannot triumph over oblige me to take a more particular Care of your Persons Then he committed them to the Keeping of a Man whose Fidelity was well known and gave him a Command to shew as much Respect and Favour to them as if they were the Wives of his best Friends A little after there came to him a young Woman from among the Prisoners of such a perfect Beauty that she drew Respect from all the Spectators Scipio being informed of her Country and Family found that she was betrothed to a young Prince among the Celtiberi named Allucius with whom she was passionately in Love At the same time he called her Parents and the Husband designed for this beautiful Virgin with whom he had this Discourse Young Man my Soldiers having discovered your Espousals to me and having learned that you love her affectionately which her Beauty easily perswades me to believe I am willing to favour your Passion although to speak freely to you if I were permitted to enjoy the Pleasures of Youth especially in a lawful Love and the Cares of the Commonwealth were not wholly Masters of my Heart I should desire your Spouse who so very well deserves the Affections of a fine Gentleman but you know that she has been treated by me with the same Respect as if she were with her Father in Law or her own Parents I have kept her carefully for you that I might return her to you a Present worthy both of you and me all the Requital I desire of you is that you will be Friends to the Commonwealth and if you have as much Esteem for me as the People of your Nation had for my Father and Uncle satisfie your selves that all the Romans equal us in Vertue and that as there is no People in all the World whom you ought to fear more for an Enemy so there is none that you can wish more for a Friend This young Prince being astonished at this exceeding Bounty and transported with Joy took Scipio by the Hand and pray'd all the Gods to reward this Action whose Merit he could never sufficiently acknowledge In the mean time the Parents of this fair Lady seeing that he would free them without Ransom brought him a considerable Sum and offering it to him pray'd him to accept of it as a Testimony of their Gratitude assuring him that it would be as great a Favour to them to accept it as it was to release his Prisoner to them without using the Right of insisting upon Conquest Scipio pretending that he was overcome with their urgent Intreaties ordered the Money to be laid at his Feet and turning himself to Allucius said unto him I give you this over and above the Portion which your Father in Law will give you take it from my Hand as a second Portion with which I present you So he ordered the Sum which had been presented him to be carried to him and him to lead away his Mistress In fine This young Prince being loaded with the Presents and Honours he laid upon him returned home and there extolled the Merits of Scipio who was more like a God than a Man and knew not only how to conquer by Arms but by Kindness and Favours Polybius who lived in the Time of this famous Roman and was particularly acquainted with him relates this Action in a fewer Words He adds these remarkable Ones which he spake to those Soldiers who presented this fair Lady to him If my Fortune were limited to that of a private Person you could not offer me a more acceptable Present but being as I now am the General of an Army you could not bring me one more disagreeable CLYTFMNESIRA the Daughter of Tyndarus and Wife of Agamemnon having heard from her Brother Palamedes that her Husband had brought a Concubine with him which was Cassandra she conspired immediately with Aegysthus the Son of Thyestes who was her Gallant to put them both to Death and so while he was sacrificing to the Gods for his Return C●●temnestra slew her Husband Agamemnon and Cassandra with an Ax but her Son Orestes revenged the Death of his Father Agamemnon by slaying the Debaucher of his Family and Murderer of his Father CLYTIA a Nymph and the Daughter of Oceanus who was loved by Apollo and afterward forsaken by him because through Jealousie to Orcania she discovered the Love of that God with his Daughter This Desertion was

Place where Prometkeus had been chained and where an Eagle tore his Heart till Hercules having shot the Eagle with his Arrows came and delivered him This was a Story invented by Alexander's Flatterers to transport Caucasus from Pontus to the Eastern Countries that so they might say Alexander had past over Caucasus It may be said that the Fable of Prometheus was transferred from Egypt into Pontus to Mount Caucasus where they also feigned that a River called the Eagle over-flowing the Country Prometheus was put in Chains by his Subjects and at length set at Liberty by Hercules As they will have Prometheus to have been the Person who brought the Worship of the 12 Gods into Greece it 's more probable he was an Egyptian by Descent and that the History or Fable appertaining to him was successively carried into Scythia Pontus and Greece Fulgentius Placiades who wrote Three Books of Mythology at the Time that the Vandals conquered and ravaged Africa says that Prometheus that is Providence formed the Body of a Man of Earth that going up to Heaven with Minerva which is Wisdom he from thence brought Fire to the Earth i. e. the Souls of Men. Prometheus makes a Man and a Vulture rend his Heart because his Mind and Heart were continually engaged in the Contemplation and Love of Wisdom Lastly Prometheus formed Pandora which is the Soul and bears the said Name because of her being enriched with all the Gifts of Heaven Thus it is that Bishop explains the Fable of Prometheus but it is too remote from the History In the Protagoras of Plato we have it related that Prometheus having imploy'd all the Properties of Nature in the Formation of Animals and having nothing more to make but Man he took Knowledge from Minerva Fire from Vulcan and Mercury supplied him with Modesty and Justice Simonides says After God had made Animals and created Man and had nothing more to bestow upon Women he borrowed the Qualities of each Animal for them On some he conferred the Nature of a Swine on others that of the Fox To one he gave the Stupidity of an Ass to another the Inclination of a Martern or a Mare Others he made like unto Monkeys and on those whom he was minded to favour he bestowed the Nature of Bees PRO-PRAETOR a Roman Magistrate who had all the Power of a Praetor conferred upon him and all the Ensigns of Honour belonging to the said Office See Praetor PROSCENIUM was a raised Place on which the Actors play'd like that which we call the Theater or Stage This Proscenium consisted of Two Parts in the Theaters of the Greeks one was the Proscenium particularly so called where the Actors play'd The other was the Logeion where the Singers came to rehearse and the Mimicks acted their Parts The Proscenium and Pulpitum were the same thing in the Theater of the Romans PROSERPINA was sometimes confounded with Diana Diodorus Siculus relates the Story of her being stole away by Pluto as a Thing attested not only by the Poets but also by Historians He alledges it was in Sicily and near the City of Enna that Proserpina was carried away and that Ceres going to search for her lighted her Torches by the Fire of Mount Etna Sachuniathon in the Theology of the Phoenicians informs us that Proserpina was much earlier known in Phoenicia than in Greece or Sicily he makes her to be Saturn's Daughter and says she died a Virgin and very young From hence it 's probable did arise the Fiction of the Greeks that she was stole by Pluto Saturnus liberos procreavit Proserpinam Minervam ac prior quidem virgo diem obiit The History of Proserpina passed from Phoenicia into Greece near 200 Years after Moses his Death if we believe St. Cyril Arch-bishop of Alexandria who says that Aedoneus or Orcus King of the Molossians stole her Centesimo nonagesimo quinto anno post Mosen ferunt fuisse Proserpinam virginem raptam ab Aedoneo id est Orco Rege Molossorum Eusebius also says as much in his Chronicle And so the Fable or History of Proserpina like all the rest of the Fables came from the East to the West from Phoenicia to Greece and from Greece into Sicily Appian of Alexandria speaking of the River Strymon and of those fine Countries in Macedon and Thrace that were watered by it says it was from thence Proserpina was stole as she was gathering Flowers Vbi raptam dicunt Proserpinam dum flores legeret Macrobius says the Ancients called the upper Hemisphear of the Earth by the Name of Venus and the lower Hemisphere by that of Proserpina As they are no more than different Appellations 't is not necessary we should take the Trouble to find out the exact Rules of Genealogy herein Rhea was the Mother of Ceres and Ceres the Mother of Proserpina and yet all the Three are no other than the Earth So the Grandmother Mother and Daughter are nothing but the same Earth The Truths are real and natural the Genealogies are Poetical and Figurative Some consider the Earth in a different manner and will have Rhea to be the whole Globe of the Earth that Ceres is no more than the Surface which is sown and mown and Proserpina no other than the Hemisphere of our Antipodes 'T is the Opinion of Vossius But that Proserpina is the same as the Earth we learn from the very Name thereof for it comes from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of Persephone they made Proserpina Hesychius says that Persephone comes from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ferre utilitatem fructum Vossius very ingeniously deduces this Word from the Hebrew Peri that signifies Fructus and saphan tegere because the Earth covers the Seeds sown in it But as Proserpina is taken for the lower Part of the Earth which is buried in Darkness hence it is that they take her also for Hell and the Queen of Hell as Horace does Quam penè furvae Regna Proserpinae Et judicantem vidimus Aeacum L. 2. Od. 13. 'T is upon the same Account that Plutarch also takes her for the Earth and Cicero says that the Name of Pluto i. e. Riches was given her by the Greeks because the Earth is the Treasury of all the Riches of Nature all comes from and returns into it The Romans imitated the Grecians by giving the Name of Dis which signifies Rich to Pluto They offered Dogs and black and barren Victimes in Sacrifice to Proserpina PROTEUS a Sea-God the Son of Oceanus and Tethys who looked after Neptune's Flocks He was an excellent Prophet and those who had a mind to consult him about Future Events must surprize and bind him for he had the Artifice to assume divers Shapes in order to avoid giving an Answer to such as came to consult him Lucian pretends that Proteus was no other than an excellent Dancer who made 1000 different Postures and whose active Body and quick Intellects knew how to counterfeit and

that place in Arcadia where there were three Statues set up for Venus one for Coelestis the other for Popularis and the third without any Surname which distinguished it from the rest Xenophon makes a Distinction between Venus Coelestis and Popularis and attributes to the first a Love of Knowledge and Vertue as he does to the other the Love of Corporeal Pleasures This Name of Venus Coelestis comes either from her being represented upon a Lion's Back and ascending up to Heaven or from her being the Daughter of Heaven from whence the Greeks called her Vrania or because the ancient and true Vrania was very different from that which they called the Common one and inspired Men with nothing but pure and chaste Love which raised up the Heart to Heaven Apuleius also in his Apology bears the same Testimony wherein he shews that that Venus Coelestis which is distinguished from the Common Venus allows us to love no other Beauty than that which can revive the Idea and Love of Heavenly Beauties in our Souls Plutarch speaks of Venus at Rome surnamed Libitina in whose Temple they sold all things belonging to Burials He likewise adds that those of Delphos had also their Venus Sepulchralis where they conjured up the Dead by Magick Spells Calvus the Poet calls Venus a God Pollentemque Deum Venerem as well as Virgil in Aen. 2. Discedo ac ducente Deo flammam inter hostes Expedior Some Criticks who have not perhaps made this Observation would correct this place and put Dea instead of Deo contrary to the Authority of the Manuscripts Levinus speaking of this Deity says having worshipped Venus whether Female or Male which is the same as the Moon Aristophanes calls her 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Neuter Gender and Hesychius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as Salmatius has corrected it Theophrastus says he assures us that Aphroditos or Venus is an Hermophrodite and that her Statue with a Beard on like a Man was to be seen in the Island of Cyprus near Amathusa Venus Victrix was represented sometimes carrying Victory in her Right Hand and a Scepter in her Left and leaning her Arm upon a great Shield and another time with a Murion or Steel-piece in her Hand instead of Victory and the Apple which Paris adjudged to her as the Reward of her Beauty which she got from Pallas and Juno The Poets make her Chariot to be drawn by Swans and two flying Cupids They represented her like a beautiful Goddess sitting in a Chariot drawn by two Swans and as many Doves crowned with Myrtle and having a burning Torch in her Bosom Pausanias also speaks of a Statue of Venus made of Ivory and Gold by Phidias with one Foot upon a Tortoise and likewise another of Venus riding upon a He-Goat and made by Scopas the Venus of Praxiteles at Cnidos was made of white Marble and half opened her Lips as if she smiled Venus the Mother of Love and the Goddess of Pleasures would by no means comply to make Vulcan her Husband but as he could not compass his Design in Heaven and that he was weary with her Coiness Jupiter advised him to give her some Poppy in her Drink which put her unto such a Love-fit that without thinking any more of the Persons that so entirely loved her she took up with what fell in her Way and make that sorry Smith her Husband Cum primùm cupido Venus est deducta marito Hoc bibit ex illo tempore nupta fuit But she reassumed her disdainful Carriage again when her Love-fit was over and she always lived at Variance with her wretched Cripple Augustus Caesar dedicated the Temple of Venus Genetrix to Julius Caesar whose Statue was made by Archesilaus VERBENA Vervein an Herb used by the Pagans at their Sacrifices and which they thought to have something that was Divine in it The Romans in the Beginning of the Year made a Present of this Herb to their Friends VERGILIAE Constellations whose Appearance denote the Approach of the Spring They were the Daughters of Atlas according to the Poets and by the Greeks were called Pleiades but the Romans named them Vergiliae VERITAS Truth of whom the Ancients made a Deity and called her the Daughter of Saturn and Time and the Mother of Vertue they painted her like a handsome and modest Woman clad very plain but shining with Splendor and Majesty VERTICORDIA a Surname given to Venus who diverted the Minds of Men from impure and unlawful Love VERTUMNUS à God of Change and Gardens he was also an Emblem of the Year This God was woshipped under a Thousand Forms for which reason Horace says Vertumnis natus iniquis as if there were as many different Vertumnus's as there were different Forms by which this Deity was represented He was in Love with Pomona the Greeks called him Proteus VERUS a Roman Emperor that reigned with Marcus Aurelius and who by his Beard affected to appear like a Philosopher though he had no Inclination nor Disposition to Learning He was much addicted to the Vices of Drunkenness Gaming and Women So that what was most remarkable in his Physiogmony was that he resembled the Portraitures made of the Satyrs by the Ancients who were said to be very lecherous Authors say he had a ruby and Copper Face by which they readily concluded he loved Wine which he drunk to that Excess that at his Return from Syria he appointed an Apartment in his Pallace which he called the Emperor's Tavern He died of an Apoplexy at the Age of 42. VESPATIAN a Roman Emperor that succeeded Vitellius the Lineaments of this Emperor's face as Suetonius has described them are very well exprest on his Medals for he had the Mien of a costive Person he was a valiant and good-natured Prince and was guilty of no other Vice but Covetousness which he shewed by the Taxes he laid upon his Subjects In the mean time he was very liberal to poor Senators learned Men and ruined Cities He was much addicted to Raillery and continued it to his dying Day for being upon the Point of Expiring he said to those that were about him I perceive I begin to become a God and thereby ridiculed the Custom of the Romans deifying their Emperors after their Decease VESPER the Evening-Star VESPERUGO the Planet Venus when it appears in the Evening VESTA a Heathen Goddess Lactantius relates the Words of Ennius or Euhemerus who makes Vesta to be the Wife of Vranus the Father of Saturn the first that reigned in the World and after having spoken of the Contest between Titan the eldest Son of Vranus and Saturn the younger about the Kingdom he says that their Mother Vesta advised Saturn not to ●●it the Sovereignty This Genealogy is very like unto that of Sanchuniathon saving that he calls the Earth the Wife of Vranus which we know has been confounded with Vesta Vesta passed from Phoenicia into Greece where Diodorus Siculus says they made her