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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A48432	A commentary upon the Acts of the Apostles, chronicall and criticall the difficulties of the text explained, and the times of the story cast into annals : the first part, from the beginning of the Booke, to the end of the twelfth chapter : with a briefe survey of the contemporary story of the Jews and Romans / by John Lightfoot ...	Lightfoot, John, 1602-1675.	1645 (1645)	Wing L2052; ESTC R21614	222,662	354

the Country And so is Luke to bee understood here Philip came downe to the Citie of Samaria that is to the Metropolis of that Country which indeed was Sychem and so saith Iosephus Antiq. lib. 11. cap. 8. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Samaritans had then Sichem for their Metropolis And in the same Chapter hee saith againe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which his Latine interpreter hath rendred thus Illis Samaritis dicentibus Hebraeos quidem se esse sed Sichimitas vocari a Sodoniis which translation how true it is and whether Iosephus meane not that the Samaritans said that they were indeed Hebrewes but were called Sidonians that dwelt at Sichem whether in that story they call not themselves so for advantage let the learned censure This Citie Iohn the Evangelist calleth Sychar in stead of Sychem Ioh. 4.5 not that the text is there corrupted as some have held but that the Jewes seeme to have pronounced the word so corruptly in derision of the Samaritans to whom they were bitter enemies For by this name they reviled them for drunkards for so the word signifieth and this taunt seemeth to have beene taken up from Esay 28.1 woe to the drunkards of Ephraim of which Sichem was the chiefe Citie Vers. 6. And the people gave heed c. Sect. III. Samaria converted Our Saviour gave it in lesson to his disciples both by precept and his owne example that they should preach first in Ierusalem then in Iudea and then in Samaria For so did hee himselfe Ioh. 1. and 2. and 4. So commanded he them to doe Act. 1.8 and so doe they now Act. 8. Philip one of the seven travailing in the common affliction and in preaching the Gospel as the rest of the 108. did being backed with this warrant of his master goeth downe to Samaria and preacheth there though they were enemies to the Jewes It was but three yeares or little more since Christ had beene there among them himselfe Ioh. 4. and whether it were the good remembrance of what hee had taught them then or the extraordinary hand of God with what was delivered now or both together such effect have Philips doctrine and miracles that the Citie for the generall doth beleeve and is baptized Vers. 13. Simon himselfe beleeved Sect. IIII. Simon Magus Hee who had long caused the people to wonder at his miraculous delusion is now himselfe amazed at Philips reall miracles But conceiving that hee had wrought them by a Magicall facultie above his owne and desiring to fish and get the trick out of him hee insinuateth himselfe the more neerely into his company by taking on him to beleeve so that he is baptized for any other beleefe of Simon Magus is not imaginable For when hee saw that Peter and Iohn exceeded Philip as hee thought Philip did exceed himself for to Apostles onely belonged to bestow the holy Ghost the whole venome and mischiefe of his heart brake forth at once first by offering money for the same Apostolicall power and then in a scornefull intreaty of the Apostles to pray for him when they advised him to repent and pray for so should I understand his words Vers. 24. Pray yee to the Lord for mee for an Ironicall taunt and finally by open Heresie and opposall of the Gospel Hee had a whore which hee led about with him was called Helena or as some will have it Selene of Tyrus Of whom if wee understand Revel 2.20 which speaketh of Iezabel that called her selfe a Prophetesse it would not bee unconsonant for as Simon like Ahab was of Samaria so Helena like Iezabel was of Tyre Nor were their doctrines much different for the one seduced men to commit fornication and to eate things sacrificed to Idols and the other taught them to do what they would and not to feare the threats of the Law for that they should bee saved by the grace of Simon Many such monsters of Doctrine and Hydraes of opinion did this Lerna of Heresie breed and this first borne of Satan vomit forth As these that in Iudea hee was the Sonne of God in Samaria the Father and in other nations the Holy Ghost That Helena bred Angels and Angels made the world That bee himselfe came downe from heaven for his Helena and that shee was the lost sheepe mentioned in the Gospel and that shee was that Helena that occasioned the destruction of Troy And a great deale more of such hideous and blasphemous matter recorded by Irenaeus Epiphanius Augustine Philastrius and others Histories have traced this Magicall wretch from Samaria to Rome and there have brought Simon Peter and him contending before Nero in working of miracles and Peter bringing him to harme and shame which shall bee tried in its proper place Sect. V. The Holy Ghost given ver 17. The Apostles at Jerusalem hearing the glad tidings of the conversion of Samaria send downe unto them Peter and Iohn And why these two rather then any other of the twelve is not so easie to resolve as it is ready to observe that if in this imployment there was any signe of Primacy Iohn was sharer of it as well as Peter Being come they pray and lay their hands upon them and they receive the Holy Ghost Here Episcopacy thinketh it hath an undeniable Argument for proofe of its Hierarchy and of the strange rite of confirmation For thus pleadeth Baronius for the former From hence saith hee it may bee seene that the Hierarchicall order was instituted in the Church of God even in this time for Philip doth so baptize those that beleeve that yet hee usurpeth not the Apostolicall priviledge namely the imposition of hands granted to the Apostles And thus the Rhemists both for it and for the latter in their notes on Act. 8.17 If this Philip had beene an Apostle saith S. Bede hee might have imposed his hands that they might have received the Holy Ghost but this none can doe saving Bishops For though Priests may baptize and annoint the baptized also with Chrisme consecrated by a Bishop yet can hee not signe his forehead with the same holy oyle because that belongeth onely to Bishops when they give the holy Ghost to the baptized And after this testimony of Bede they subjoyne their owne inference This imposition therefore of hands together with the prayers here specified which no doubt was the very same that the Church useth to that purpose was the ministration of the Sacrament of Confirmation Now let the Reader with indifferency and seriousnesse but ruminate upon these two Queries and then judge of those two inferences First whether Apostleship were not an Order for ever unimitable in the Church for besides the Reason given to prove that it was upon the choosing of Matthias others may bee added to make it the more cleare As 1. the end of their Election was peculiar the like to which was not to bee in the Church againe for they were chosen to bee with Christ Marke 3.14 to bee eye-witnesses

2. There was a chiefe Captaine that was Governour of the whole Garison at Hierusalem as Chap. 21.33 24.7 and his severall Companies lay placed in severall Courts of Guard about the City among the rest this was one within the virge of the Temple the greatest badge and signe of all other of the Jews present servitude and subjection when their very Temple and service had a heathen bridle put upon it And thus did the abomination of desolation begin to creepe in and to stand in the place where it ought not Vers. 2. Being grieved that they taught the people This grievance of the Priests Sadduces and Captaine of the Temple proceeded from severall principles and causes The Captaines distaste was for feare the businesse should tend to innovation or tumult the Sadduces because they preached the resurrection of the dead which they denyed Chap. 23.8 the Priests because they being private men went about to teach the people and chiefly because they preached the resurrection through Jesus Through Iesus the resurrection from the dead Though the whole Nation did so generally assert and hold the resurrection of the dead the Sadduces only excepted that they made the denyers of this point one of the three Parties that should never have part in the world to come as they speak in the Talmud in the Tractate of Sanhed Per●h Helek These are they that have no portion in the world to come hee that saith The resurrection of the dead is not taught from the Law and he that saith That the Law is not from heaven and Epicures Yet was this no lesse then heresie in their esteeme to teach that the resurrection of the dead was either 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 proved and experienced in Iesus or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the power and efficacy of Iesus that either Iesus was risen or that hee should bee the Author of the resurrection Verse 4. And the number of the men was about five thousand The 5000 mentioned here were the number of Converts and not of Auditors and they were a single number by themselves and not an addition to the 3000 mentioned before to make them five thousand For first the holy Ghost intendeth in this booke to shew the power of the Gospel rather then the bare preaching of it and how many it converted rather then how many heard it Secondly the juncture of the verse is so close and facil that none can understand it any otherwise then of the number of beleevers unlesse it be for very captiousnesse for the Text saith that many of them that heard the word beleeved And how many was that many Namely 5000 men For thirdly how ridiculous were it to interpret that the holy Ghost should tell us that there was an audience in the Temple of 5000 men Why Iosephus saith that generally every course of the Priests contained so many And it would bee utterly strange if the holy Ghost which in all the Bible never numbred an audience at the Temple no not when he was intentionally writing of the service and assembly there should doe it now when hee is purposely upon a story of men converted to the Gospel Again that this is an intire summe different from the 3000 in the second Chapter is plaine by the very story in hand For first it is a discourse concerning a miracle done by Peter and Iohn and all the Chapter to the three and twentyeth verse keepes close to that relation and what reason possibly bly can be given that this clause onely should start from it Secondly it were an uncouth manner of reckoning and such as the Scripture is utterly unacquainted with to number 5000 and to meane but 2000 and never to give any notice that it so meaneth Thirdly The number of the men were 5000. Of what men Of those which heard the word What word The word preached by Peter and Iohn vers 1. and not the word preached on Pentecost day by all the Apostles Thus is the Church become 8000 numerous by two Sermons besides the multitudes that were beleevers before and those whose conversion is not summed Ver. 5. Their Elders Rulers and Scribes c. In this Councell and Consistory that was now gathered the Evangelist exhibiteth variety of members First their Rulers or the chiefe Priests the heads of the twenty foure courses Secondly Scribes or other Doctors of the Tribe of Levi. Thirdly Elders or the Seniors and Senators of the other Tribes Fourthly Annas the Nasi or President of the Sanhedrin Fifthly Caiaphas the High Priest the Abbeth diu the father of the Court. Sixthly John as it seemeth the sonne of Annas the Governour of Gophins and Acrabatena in the time of Nero Ioseph de bello lib. 2. cap. 25. Seventhly Alexander called also Lysimachus and Alabarcha of whom wee shall have occasion to discourse afterward Eightly As many as were of the High Priests kindred brethren or Cosens of that family so that by this concourse of all these at this time divers of whose employment and residence was at distance it may bee the rather supposed that this was at some solemne Festivall that had brought them all to Ierusalem Vers. 7. And when they had set them in the midst The Sanhedrin sate in halfe the floure in a circle Rambam Sanhedrin Pere 1. Those who had any thing to doe in the Court stood or sate in the midst of them Luke 2.46 Sect. By what name have yee done this So did they very foolishly conceit that the very naming some names might do wonders as Acts 19.13 the Talmud in Shab forgeth that Ben Satds they have a blasphemous meaning in this expression wrought miracles by putting the unutterable name within the skin of his foot and there sewing it up Vers. 11. This is the stone which was set at nought In Psal. 118.22 which is the place from which this speech is taken is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the stone refused so is it Mat. 21.42 that according to the Hebrew Text but here the Apostle heightens the expression that hee may set home their abuse of Christ nearer to their hearts and may shew the humiliation of Christ the more The Syriack mindeth not this but translates this place and Matth. 21.42 by the same word refused The Chaldee interpretation of the Psalme from whence the phrase is taken is exceedingly conceited it runneth thus The youth which the builders refused among the sons of Jesse obtained to bee set for King and Governour This was from the Lord said the builders and it is wondrous before us said the sons of Jesse This is the day which the Lord hath made said the builders Let us bee glad and rejoyce in it said the sons of Jesse Save us now said the builders Prosper us now said Jesse and his wife Blessed is he that commeth in the name of the Lord said the builders Let them blesse you from the house of the Lord saith David The Lord give us light said ●he Tribes of the

trap was prepared tooke off his Ring when hee was drunke And when Maro tooke witnesse of the guests that Caesars Image was laid to a filthy base thing and was ready to subscribe the charge the servant sh●wed the Ring upon his owne finger Exceeding many doe the Roman Histories mention and nominate that came to fatall ends or heavy doomes under the bloodinesse of this inquisition but many and many omitted saith Tacitus and not named by the Roman writers either because they were cloyed with multitude of examples or lest as what they suffered was much and grievous to themselves so likewise might it bee unto the Reader Sect. VII Desperate boldnesse and discreet In these so dangerous times of the Citie and raging humors of the Emperour it cannot bee omitted for the strangenesse of it how two men came off Marcus Terentius by a resolute bravery before the Senate and Lucius Seianus by a desperate scoffe and mocking of the Emperour In the sports and feasts of Flora this Seianus being Pretor had caused all things to bee performed by baldheaded men and by no other and this hee did because Tiberius was bald-headed himselfe And to make up the scorne to the full at night when the company was to depart hee caused five thousand boyes with their heads shaven bare to carry Linkes and Torches to light them away And yet Tiberius would take no notice of all this though hee knew it well enough either because hee would not second his owne derision by taking it to heart or because hee intended to revenge this scorne at some other time under some other title or because by this toleration hee would animate more to bee saucy with him to their owne confusion But far more brave because far more necessary and discreet was the courage of Terentius who had the sober and well guided valour not to thrust himselfe into danger but to bring him out Hee was accused of dependence upon Sejanus and of complying with him and he denied not the accusation but strengthned it and came off better by extremitie of confession then others could doe with the utmost of excusing I loved said hee and honoured Sejanus because Tiberius loved him and did him honour So that if hee did well I did not amisse and if the Emperour that knoweth all things exactly were deceived it is no wonder if I were d●ceived with him It is not for us to regard or search for what cause the Emperour promoteth such a man to him belongeth the propertie of that judgement to us the glory of obsequiousnesse His treasons against the commonwealth and plots against the Emperours life let them beare the punishment they have deserved but as for friendship and observance the same end will acqu●t Tiberius and us c. And in this straine and boldnesse proceeded hee on still driving on his affections to Sejanus thorow Sejanus to the Emperour that hee led the accusation the same way to light upon him also insomuch that in an instant his accusers had changed place with him for they were accused and hee discharged Sect. VIII Other Occurrences of this yeare But Tiberius his humour was too strong to be stopped with such Rhetorick in behalfe of any more though this prevailed for Terentius himselfe For presently come accusatory letters against Sex Vestilius as a libeller against C. Caesar who to avoyd death by the hand of some other man would prevent it with his owne and so cut his veines but tying them up againe and repenting his fact hee sent a supplicatory petition to the Emperour that hee might live of which receiving but a comfortlesse answer hee let them open to bleed againe Afterward followed the accusation of Annius Pollio Appius Silanus Scaurus Mamercus Sabinus Calvisius Vitia the mother of Fusius Geminius late Consull put to death for nothing but for bewayling the death of her owne sonne Vescularius and Marinus executed in Capre● And Geminius and Celsus came to such fatall ends towards the end of the yeare In this yeare there was a booke of the Sibyls offered to the Senate but hee that offered it was sharpely checked by the Emperour for his paines Some scarsitie of provision oppressed the Citie and plentie of mocks upon the stage jerked the Emperour but course was taken ere long for the remedy of both and for the latter sooner then the former Scribonianus his place of Consulship was often changed according to Tiberius his wavering pleasure the politician craftily shaking and unsetling that ancient government that his new one of Monarchy might sit the faster Flaecus Avilius was made Governour of Egypt an Iberian by birth as may bee collected from Dion and a future scourge of the Jewes as will appeare hereafter Rubrius Fabatus when hee saw the Citie in so desperate an estate betooke himselfe to fall to the Parthians but was apprehended by the way and yet escaped punishment being forgotten rather then forgiven Sect. IX Tiberius perplexed Among all the troubles of that Citie that hath beene ever the troubler of the world that befell her this yeare when she slew the Prince of quietnesse and peace it may not bee amisse to looke a little upon the disquietnesse of him himselfe within himselfe that caused this disquiet to her and imbrewed her so oft in her owne blood And this wee may doe by the Anatomy that Tacitus hath read upon his intralls spying the thoughts of his heart through the words of a letter that hee wrote in behalfe of Co●ta Messalinus an old favorite of his the letter bearing the date of this yeare as appeareth by the same Tacitus and the words this tenour as is attested both by him and Suetonius Quid scribam vobis P. C. aut quomodo scribam aut quid omnino non scribam hoc tempore Dii me Deaeque peius perdant quam perire quotidie sentio si scio What I shall write to you O fathers conscript or how I shall write or what I shall not write at all at this time the gods and goddesses confound me worse then I feele my selfe to perish daily if I can tell Whereupon Suetonius saith that being weary of himselfe hee almost confesseth the summe of his miseries But my other author thus largely Thus did even his villanies and flagitiousnesse turne to punishment to himselfe Nor was it in vaine that the wisest of men was wont to affirme that if the mindes of Tyrants were but opened tortures and stripes might bee spied there seeing that the mind is butchered with cruelty lust and evill projects as the body is with blowes For not solitarinesse not fortune could protect Tiberius but that hee confesseth the torments of his breast and his owne punishment PART III. The affaires of the Iewes Sect. I. A commotion of them IF the Method of Iosephus were Chronicall and the order of his ranking of Stories to bee presumed for the order of their falling out at this time or hereabout should bee taken in that famosum