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A28849 A sermon preached at the funeral of Mary Terese of Austria, Infanta of Spain, Queen of France & Navarre, at St. Denis, Sept. 1, 1683 by Monsieur James Benigne Bossuet ...; Oraison funèbre de Marie-Thérèse. English Bossuet, Jacques Bénigne, 1627-1704. 1684 (1684) Wing B3791; ESTC R22734 20,939 36

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could damn the rich man in the Gospel for having been too much indulged in And who knows the degree whereunto they must amount to make this deadly poyson And is not this one of the reasons which makes David cry out Delicta quis intelligit who knoweth his sins Let me abhor then thy vain science and wicked subtilty daring Wretch that so boldly pronounces This sin which I commit without fear is venial The innocent Soul knows no such distinctions Two things will shew you the eminent degree of the Queens Vertue She has often been heard to say with that blessed simplicity of Soul which was common to all the Saints That she could not comprehend how one could wilfully commit one onely sin how little soever it were She did not say then It is venial She said It is a sin and her innocent heart rose against it If there happened any ill Accident to her Person to her Family to the State she alone accused her self of it But what Misfortunes you 'll say could happen in this rais'd Condition and in so long a course of Prosperity You believe then that Vexations hide not themselves under Purple or that a Kingdom is an universal Remedy to all Evils a Balm that heals 'um a Charm that enchants them Whereas that by a Council of Divine Providence which can give a counterpoise to the highest conditions this Grandeur which we admire so much at a distance as if ●t were something above man less pleases when one is born to it or confounds it self in its abundance All Humane Greatness has this Evil peculiar to it self that its disappointments are more vexatious than those which are met with in a low condition the blow being so much the more intolerable for a mans being less prepared for it 'T is certain men do not so much perceive this unhappy tenderness in vertuous Souls We believe 'em insensible because that not onely they know how to be silent but also to sacrifice their secret Troubles But the heavenly Father delighteth to behold them in secret and as he knows how to prepare them their Crosses so he deals out to 'um also their Rewards Do you believe the Queen could be at case in those famous Champaigns which furnish'd us dayly with such surprizing Accidents No Gentlemen she was always in fear because she saw always that precious Life on which her own depended too desperately hazarded You have beheld her Fears shall I mention her Losses the death of her dear Children They have all of 'um rent her heart Remember we that young Prince whom the very Graces themselves seem'd to have fashion'd with their own hands Pardon me these Expressions Methinks I see still that Flower falling Being then a sorrowful Messenger of so dismal an Event I was also the Witness in seeing the King and Queen afflicted beyond measure But I saw likewise their Faith equally victorious I beheld the agreeable Sacrifice of an humbled Soul under the hand of God and two Royal Victims offer by joyn● consent their own heart May I now look back on the terrible threatning of provoked Heaven when it seem'd for so long time to strike the Dauphin our precious Hope Pardon me Gentlemen pray pardon me if I renew your Fears we ought to do it though we are unwilling seeing we cannot without such a remembrance consider the constancie of the Queen We saw then in this Princess in the midst of the Alarms of a Mother the Faith of a Christian we saw an Abraham ready to offer up an Isaac and some resemblances o● a Mary when she offered her Son Christ Let us not be afraid to say it seeing that a God became man to give Examples to all Conditions The Queen full of Faith proposed not to her self a less Example than Mary God restores her also her onely Son which she offers him with a mournful heart but submissive and will have us owe to her the restauration of so great a Benefit We are not mistaken Christians when we attribute all things to Prayer God which puts it into our hearts can refuse it nothing A King says David Psal 32.16 cannot save himself by his host nor the mighty by his valour Neither must we attribute fortunate Successes to Humane Prudence There arises Prov. 19.21 says the Wise man several thoughts in the heart of man Here we have the agitation and uncertain determinations of Humane Counsels But adds he the counsel of the Lord stands firm and whilst men deliberate they execute onely what he resolves upon The terrible the Almighty which takes away the judgments of Princes leaves them sometimes to follow the imagination of their own hearts to confound them the more and to take them in their own craftiness For there is no prudence there is no wisdom there is no counsel Job 5.15 1 Cor. 3.19 Prov. 23.30 2 Mach. 15.25 against the Lord. The Machabees were valiant men and yet 't is written they fought more by their Prayers than by their Arms Per orationes congressi sunt made confident by the Example of Moses whose hands lifted up to God overcame more than those that struck When every thing yielded to Lewis and that we thought the time of Miracles again was come wherein the Walls fell at the found of a Tru mpet All people cast their eyes on the Queen and thought they saw coming out from her Oratory the Tempest which overthrew so many Cities If God grants to Prayers temporal Prosperity how much more does he give to 'um the true Goods that is to say spiritual Benefits They are the natural Fruit of a Soul united to God by Prayer Prayer which obtains Vertues for us learns us to practise them not onely as necessary James 1.17 but also as received from the Father of lights whence comes every good and perfect gift And this is the pitch of Perfection because 't is the foundation of Humilitie Thus did Mary Terese draw down by her Prayers all manner of Vertues into her Soul In her tender years she was in the Traverses of a Court then turbulent enough the Consolation and onely Stay of the infirm age of the King her Father The Queen her Mother-in-Law notwithstanding that odious name found in her not onely a respect but also a tenderness which neither time nor distance of place could alter Therefore does she weep beyond measure and will not be comforted What Affection what Respect what Deference has she not yielded at all times to the King always alive to this great Prince ever jealous of his Glory always sollicitous for the interest of his State indefatigable in her Voyages and ever happy provided she was in his company A Wife in short in whom St. Paul might have seen the Church of Jesus Christ united wholly to his Will by an ever-during Complacencie If we might ask this great Prince who here so piously pays his last Dutie what a Mother he has lost he would answer by his Groans
smites her innocent Breast how she reproaches her self for the smallest sins how she bows down that Royal Head before which the Universe bows it self The Earth from whence she sprang and to which she 's now returning is not yet low enough to receive her she would even wholly vanish before the Majesty of the King of Kings God by a lively Faith engraves on the bottom of her heart what Isaiah said Enter into the rock Isai 2.10 and hide thee in the dust for fear of the Lord and for the glory of his majesty Wonder not then if she appear'd so humble before the Throne O wonderful sight and which ravishes both Heaven and Earth with admiration You may behold a Queen who after the example of David attacks on every side her own Greatness and all the temptations to Pride which it offers You will see in the words of this great King the lively Image of this great Queen Domine Psal 130. non est exaltatùm cor meum O Lord I am not high minded Neque elati sunt oculi mei I have no proud looks O Lord I was never disdainful nor said in my heart Isai 11.7 I am alone on the earth How far was the pious Queen from those haughty looks and in so high a State who ever saw in this Princess the least spark of Pride or air of Scorn David goes on Neque ambulavi in magnis neque in mirabilibus super me I walk not in vain thoughts nor deal in wonders which are too hard for me He opposes here the Excesses whereinto great People do naturally fall Pride which always ascends when having extended its pretensions to what humane Greatness has most solid or rather less ruinous pushes forward its designes even to Extravagancy and rushes madly upon senseless Projects as that proud King did a true Figure of the Rebellious Angel when he said in his heart I will lift my self up above the clouds Isai 14.14 I will place my throne above the stars and will be like the most High I suffer not my self says David to wander into such Excesses But having beat it down thus in all the several parts where it seem'd to raise it self David gives it its fatal blow by these words If I have not had humble thoughts but exalted my self Si non humiliter sentiebam sed exaltavi animam meam or as St. Jerom renders it Si non silere feci animam meam If I have not made my soul silent If I have not quieted those slattering thoughts which continually offer themselves to puff us up And in fine he thus concludes this excellent Psalm Sicut ablactatus ad matrem suam sic ablactata est anima mea My soul says he has been like a weaned child I have snatcht my self from those Sweets which are unwholsom to betake my self to better Nourishment Thus an excellent Soul governs this Worldly Grandeur and casts it wholly forth from exercising any Supremacy David never fought a better fight than this The defeated Philistins and the Bears torn with his own hands are nothing in comparison with vanquishing himself But the holy Princess whose Funeral we solemnize has equalled him in both in his Attempts and Successes Yet she knew how to shew her self to the World with all that Grandeur her State required Kings owe that resplendent shew to the World like the Sun for the solace and satisfaction of their Subjects they ought to expose a Majesty which is onely a Ray of that of God 'T was easie for the Queen to display a Greatness which was natural to her She was born in a Court where Majesty delights to set it self forth with all its Circumstances and of a Father that knew how to keep with a kind of jealous circumspection what they call in Spain the Ceremonies of State and the Decorums of the Palace But she chose rather to temperate Majesty and abase it before God than to dazle the eyes of men with it How often have we seen her therefore hasten to the Altars to taste there with David an humble Repose and retire into her Oratory where mauger the Tumult of the Court she found a Mount Carmel the Desart of S. John and the Mount so often a Witness of our Saviour's Sighs and Tears I have learnt from St. Augustin that the attentive Soul makes to it self a Solitude Gignit enim sibi ipsa mentis intentio Solitudinem But my Brethren let us not slatter our selves we must find time to be alone if we will keep Religion alive in our Souls 'T is herein that we must admire the inviolable Fidelity which the Queen observed towards God Neither the diversions nor the fatigues of a Voyage nor any other occasion could deprive her of those particular hours which she design'd for Meditation and Prayer Could she thus persevere did she not taste in these Exercises that hidden Manna of which none knows the sweetness but those that taste Rev. 3.17 Manna absconditum quod nemo scit nisi qui accipit On this account she used to say with David 2 Kings 7.27 O Lord thy servant has found her heart to make to thee this Prayer Invenit servus tuus cor suum ut oraret te oratione hac Where run your hearts estranged from God Even in time of Prayer you let your vagabond-hearts take their wild course O could you say with our pious Queen whom we deservedly honour O Lord thy servant has found his heart I have reduced this Fugitive and here he is intire before thy face Holy Angel that presides over the Orizon of this blessed Princess and carries this Incense above the Clouds to burn on that Altar which St. John saw in Heaven relate to us the Ardours of this Heart wounded with the Divine Love shew us those Rivers of Tears which the Queen poured out before God for her sins How do innocent Souls weep do they undergo the sorrows of Penance Yea certainly seeing it is written that nothing is pure on earth Job 15.15 John 1. and he that says he has no sin deceives himself But they are small sins light in comparison I confess light in themselves The Queen knew none of this nature And this is the sence too of every good Soul The least spot shews it self on those Garments which have never been soyl'd I find Christians too knowing in this matter thou knowest too well the distinction of venial sins from mortal ones What will not the general name of sin be sufficient to deter thee from committing any Knowest thou not that those sins which seem small become great by their multitude and by the dreadful effects they work in the Soul And this is no more than what all the holy Doctors do teach by a joynt consent Knowest thou not that those sins which are venial by their Object may become mortal by excessive prosecution of them Innocent Pleasures become such according to the Doctrine of the Saints and those alone
August Allyance that we might behold her honoured above all women in her age for having been beloved esteemed and alas too soon lamented by the greatest of Mortals I cannot but slight those Philosophers Judgments who measuring the Councils of God by their own thoughts make him only Author of a certain general Order as if like us he had only general and confused views of things and the Sovereign intelligence could not comprehend in its designs particular matters which alone do truly subsist Doubt not Christians but God has prepared in his Eternal Councils the first Families which are the Source of Nations and in all Nations dominant Qualities whereon depend their Fortune He has likewise ordain'd in Nations particular Families whereof they consist but especially those that must govern these Nations and particularly in these Families all men by which they must rise or fall The two puissant Families whence the Queen came that of France and Austria is an Effect of these Divine Decrees which balance humane affairs to what degree and time God knows not we 'T is observable in Scripture that God gives to Royal Families certain proper Characters as that which the Syrians although Enemies to the Kings of Israel 3 King 20.31 attributed to them in these words We are informed that the Kings of the House of Israel are merciful I shall not consider now the particular Characters given to the Houses of France and Austria nor mention that the Counsels of the House of Austria were more fear'd and that there always appear'd something more vigorous in the Arms and Courage of that of France Now that by a particular Grace these two Characters are apparently united in our favour I shall onely observe that which was the Queens Glory which was that God had given to these two Houses whence she came Piety for their Inheritance 1 Cor. 8.14 2 Tim. 1.3 so that she could say with the Apostle S. Paul God whom my Family has always serv'd and to whom I am dedicated by my Ancestors Now should we speak particularly of the House of Austria what was ever more Illustrious which for four hundred years has furnish'd the World with such a stock of Emperours and Kings and Noble Princes that it has been a great while ago foreseen it would be overcharged Why should we say any thing of the most Christian House of France which by its noble Constitution is incapable of submitting to any strange Family Ever Supreme in its Head which alone in the World and in all Ages sees herself after seven hundred years Regal Establishment not to take notice what the Grandeur of so high an Original represents to the curious Observators of Antiquity still in her full Strength and Flower still in possession of the most Illustrious Kingdom under the Sun before God and men before God in an unalterable purity of Faith and before men of so great Dignity that it could part with the Empire without diminishing its Glory and Authority The Queen has had her share of this Greatness not onely by the rich and valiant House of Burgundy but also by Isabel of France her Mother a Daughter worthy of Henry the Great and the acknowledgment of Spain the best Queen and the most lamented she ever saw on the Throne She was scarcely forty years old when Spain bewail'd her and to our grief the Life of Mary Terese has not run a longer course But the wise the couragious and pious Isabella owed one part of her Renown to the Misfortunes of Spain for which we know she found a Remedy by a Diligence and Advice which reduced both great and small and if we may so speak the King himself to his Duty Let us not complain Christians that the Queen her Daughter in a more tranquil condition offers likewise a less lively Subject to our Discourse let it suffice us that in as unhappy occasions from which God has preserved us we might have found in her the same Remedy With what care and tenderness did Philip the Fourth her Father educate her She was regarded in Spain not onely as an Infanta but as a Child for so is the Princess there call'd who is Heiress of so many Kingdoms And therefore whatsoever Vertues and able Examples Spain afforded were continually set before her No marvel then that this Princess shined with more excellent Qualities from her Childhood than she could expect Crowns Philip thus brings her up for his Country God who favours us designes her for Lewis Give over Princes and Potentates to trouble by your Pretensions the Project of this Marriage seeing the God of Love which seems likewise to trouble it does himself yield to it Love can disturb the hearts of this Worlds Hero's raise Tempests therein and stir up such Passions as will make Politicians tremble and afford Hope to those that despair But there are Souls of an Order superiour to these Laws into whom he cannot inspire Sentiments unworthy their Rank There are Measures taken in Heaven which he cannot break and the Infanta not onely by her august Birth but also by her Vertue and Reputation is alone worthy of Lewis She is the prudent Wife who is from the Lord Prov. 19.14 as the Wise man speaks And why from the Lord seeing 't is he that gives every thing And what is this marvelous advantage which deserves to be attributed in so particular a manner to the Divine Bounty To understand this we need onely consider what the Prudence of a vertuous Wife can do in Families to uphold and calm them Pacifick Island wherein was to be determined the Differences of two great Empires to which thou servest for Bounds Isle everlastingly famous by the Conferences of two great Ministers wherein one might see laid open all the Addresses and Secrets of so different a Polity where one made himself valued for his Gravity and the other got the Ascendant by his Quickness Happy day wherein two valiant Nations so long Enemies and then reconciled by Mary Terese advanced on their Confines their Kings at their head not any more to fight but to embrace one another wherein these two Kings with their Court of a Grandeur Policy and Magnificency as well as of a Conduct so different were to each other and to all the World so great a Spectacle Sacred Festivals fortunate Marriage Nuptial Va●l Benediction Sacrifice may I at this time mingle your Ceremonies and your Pomps with these Funeral-Solemnities Then Spain lost what we gain'd now we both lose and Mary Terese is lost to all the Earth Spain lamented alone now France and Spain mingle their Tears and shed Torrents who can stop them But if Spain lamented her Infanta when ascending a Throne the most Glorious on Earth what must our Groans be at the sight of this Tomb wherein we all see nothing but the miserable decay of all Humane Greatness Cease lamenting 't is not Tears I would draw from your eyes but a willingness in your hearts to receive