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A50263 A very useful manual, or, The young mans companion containing plain and easy directions for spelling, reading, and uniting English, with easy rules, for their attaining to writing, and arithmetick, and the Englishing of the Latin Bible without a tutor, likewise the plotting and measuring of land, globes, steeples, walls, barrels, timber, stone, boards, glass, &c. ... : and several other considerable and necessary matters, intended for the good of all, and for promoting love to one another : as by the table annexed particularly appears / collected by William Mather. Mather, W. (William), fl. 1695. 1681 (1681) Wing M1286; ESTC R36919 124,932 462

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the two Pole Stars as 60 Degrees which makes that the Earth is so very cold against them as in Greenland so called where there is Ice all the year being only inhabited by wild Beasts and Fowls in abundance Signs of Rain 1. SUn rising seems bigger 2. Sun rising with a Circle 3. Setting in a black Cloud 4. Sun or Moon looking pale 5. Sky red in the morning 6. Often change of the Wind. 7. No dew morning or night 8. Many small Clouds North West at Evening 9. Wind long in the South 10. Few Stars seen 11. Moons Horns thick at rising 12. Stars seem bigger 13. Many Stars and Wind East in Summer Signs of fair Weather 1. The Sun looks bright 2. Mists in the Water 3. Rain-Bow after Rain Signs of Frost 1. Many Stars and the Wind East Signs of Wind. 1. Sun and Moon look red 2. Sky red in the morning 3. Murmuring of Wind in the woods 4. Shooting of Stars 5. A Circle about the Moon at the Full. These Signs of the Weather are not so fallible as Astrological Predictions And People sometimes are saying we want Rain and sometimes fair weather all signs fail Oh! But the greatest want is the want of Obedience to the Talent or measure of Gods Grace in every heart that would lead People into Temperance in all things in fruitful seasons and out of that mind that seldom thinks that they have Apparel Meat Drink and Furniture good enough and that makes waste of any of Gods good Creatures as too many do when the poor wants * Jacob vowed that if God will be with him and will keep him in the way that he goes and will give him bread to eat and raiment to put on he will give the tenth unto the Lord Gen. 28.20 22. Even ●o will the seed of Jacob at this day give the Tenths or more if need be of the increase of God● Bl●ssings upon their outward Estate unto the Lord that is unto the poor and Fatherless and Widdows that wants relief Mat. 25.40 2 Cor. 9.7 So that now if it shall please God to cause a Famine it is but just upon many who regard not nor lay to heart the many warnings and threatning Judgments that hangs over our heads which God hath shewed to many in the midst of many Mercies yet but few regard with their whole heart to seek after Righteousness by departing from iniquity in the fear of the Lord because Sin is the chief cause of sorrow that comes upon Man and Beast and makes the Earth to mourn Oh that People should still resist the strivings of Gods good Spirit as in every Age Gen. 6.3 that would lead them out of all evil into favour with God Deut. 28.2 3 4 5. Are people willing to forget that the sins of the people have in all ages brought Gods Judgments upon them Which makes the Righteous rejoyce because many will learn Righteousness when Gods Judgments are in the Earth Isa 26.9 Though the Righteous in some outward things bear a share of the Judgment yet have they true Content Peace and Joy being redeemed from the Earth and all vis●ble things so as to set their hearts upon them 1 Kin. 8.35 36 37. Zeph. 1.3 Deut. 28.47.32.4 Jer. 30.15 Psal 5.12.38.25 Prov. 11.10 An Image called The Rood of Grace IN the beginning of the Reformation in King Henry 8th's time one Cromwel was greatly in favour with the King and was made one of his Privy Council c. He brought to light and suppressed many Popish Idolatrous Images and other superstitions of the Church of Rome for which they sought his death which the King afterwards lamented c. One Rood of Grace or Image wherein a man stood inclosed with a hundred Wires within the Rood to make the Image goggle its Eyes nod its head hang the Lip move and shake its Jaws according to the value of the gift offered if it were a small piece of Silver then would he hang a frowning Lip if it were a piece of Gold then should his Jaws go merrily Thus were poor peoples Souls seduced and their Pockets pick'd by these Idolatrous forgers until Cromwel caused the said Image to be carried publickly to Pauls in London where the People tore it in pieces Then in Queen Maries time Daughter to the said King Henry the 8th Bishop Bonner put out a Mandate to the Priests within his Diocess commanding that comely Roods or Images should be again set up in all Churches c. the same injunction was published in other Diocesses for at Cockram in Lancashire the Parishioners and Wardens had agreed with a Carver to make them a Rood to set up in their Church at a certain price which the Carver did but the Rood being made of an ugly grim Countenance they disliked it and refused to pay the Workman that made it whereupon by Warrant he brought them before the Mayor of Lancaster who was a favourer of the Protestants and a man against Idols when they came before the Mayor he asked them why they did not pay the man according to their agreement they replied they did not like the grimness of its Visage saying they had a man formerly with a handsome Face and they would have had such another now Well said the Mayor though you like not the Rood the poor mans labour has been never the less and it's pitty he should lose but I tell you what you shall do pay him the Money you promised him and if it will not serve you for a God you may make a Devil of it at which they laughed and so departed How pleasant Pictures become Idols in the Heart AN Image or Idol saith Paul 1 Cor. 8.4 is nothing c. that is it is nothing to thee but if thou set it in thy Heart and affectionate it or any other Picture thou bows to it and this is Idolatry Thou shalt make thee no graven Image saith God neither any similitude of things that are in Heaven above neither that are in the Earth beneath nor that are in the Waters under the Earth thou shalt not bow down to them c. Exod. 20.4 5. Though we make them say some people we do not bow to them or worship them Answer If thou art covetous after them and hast inordinate affection to them thou hast set them in thy heart and this is Idolatry Ezek. 14.2 Col. 3.5 And worships and serves the Creatures more than the Creator c. Rom. 1.25 Set your affections on things above not on things on the Earth Col. 3.2 My Son give me thine heart and let thine eyes observe my ways Prov. 23.26 So that he that has given his heart to God his affections will not be set upon liknesses for so his mind may be drawn from God who is to have the whole heart We may read that the Heathens did wonderfully adore the likenesses of things c. yet being no example to a Christian whose heart and Treasure is only in God and
in any of the Magicians could foresee the great dryness of the Earth which God was pleased to send this Year 1681 to shew how soon he can blast all if people turn not from the evil of their ways that Hay in less than six weeks time rose from ten shillings a Load to forty in some places and came to be plentiful before the Summer was ended therefore in God alone let us trust and in no Art of the Egyptians for the Devil was a lyar from the beginning and saith G. Abbot late Archbishop of Canterbury so called in a description of the World p. 115 116 for in India and all the Eastern parts so especially in this Country their Noblemen and Priests and very many people do give themselves to all Arts of Divination here were the great Sooth-sayers Enchanters and Wisemen as they call them here were the first Astrologians which are so described and derided in the Scripture it is thought that a great reason whereof these Chaldeans were expert in the laudable knowledge of Astronomy was partly because the Country is so plain that being without hills they might more fully and easily discover the whole face of the Heaven and partly because the old Fathers which lived so long not only before but in some good part also after the flood of Noah did dwell in or near to these parts and they by observation of their own did find out and discover many things of the Heavenly Bodies which they delivered as from hand to hand to their posterity but as Corruption doth stain the best things so in process of time the true Astronomy was defiled with superstitious Rules of Astrology which caused the Prophets Isaiah and Jeremiah so bitterly to inveigh against them And then in their fabulosity they would report that they had in their Records Observations for 2500 years which must needs be a very great untruth unless we will qualifie it as some have done expounding their year not of the revolution of the Sun but of the Moon whose course is ended in the space of a Month Quid enim iniquius quam ut oderint homines quod ignorant etiamsires meretur odium Tertul. Apologet The Lord frustrated the tokens of the Stars and maketh Diviners mad that turneth wise men backward and maketh their knowledge foolish Isa 44.24 25. Fortune telling by the Lines in the Hand an Egyptian Folly THE Astrologers pretend that they can prognosticate of the future happiness or unhappiness of Nations and also peoples good and evil fortune by the Stars or Host of Heaven which the Heathen worshipped as Gods And they also hold that the Bodies of Men Beasts Hearbs Mettals c. are under the Planets Government and that we are to advise or take Counsel of them according to their Astrological Aphorisms when we gather Hearbs go to War c. 2 Sam. 5.19 Can they yet say that they do not adore or worship the Host of Heaven as the Heathen did 2 Kin. 17.16.21.3 Act. 7.42 When the Lord hath said Jer. 10.2 Learn not the way of the Heathen c. And do not the Astrologers also run into Egyptian-darkness by telling Peoples Fortunes by the Lines or Marks in their Hands still going for Counsel Isa 30.1 to the Host of Heaven like the Heathen and Egyptians saying one Line in the hand is the Line of Saturn another part they call th● Mount of Jupiter another of Mars Sol Venus c. and so are leading People back into Egypt and taking the Heathen Gods for Leaders and Governers as if man was altogether in a brutish State and had nothing of God manifest in him Rom. 1.19 though in God he is to live move and have his Being and know him to govern his whole heart and Soul but not moved ruled and Governed by any of the heathen Gods yet the Lights in the firmament to separate the day from the night every Christian owns them in their places for signs and for seasons and for days and for years Gen. 1.14 as God hath placed them in in which they keep their places in dividing the day from the night c. though man hath not kept his place and we are not to fear them as having Dominion over us Jer. 10.2 but the Lord God only who made them and still to admire his wonderful works in the Creation But to be brief saith W. S. But if this Mount that is the Mount of Venus so called by him in the hand be infortunated by evil Lines or Lines from evil places and irregular figures shews a Lecherous person an Adulterer a poor base sordid wretch who shall spend his substance on Whores c. Now if the Fortune-teller gives this judgment on such a person by the Lines aforesaid and is really such a person will not this judgment by the Lines more harden his heart through this Idolatrous belief that he may have by these Lines aforesaid that may cause him to say this is my fortune I cannot help it God hath so made me c. and so remains in Darkness and Errour Oh! What will they make man to be whom God hath created in his Image 1 Cor. 11.7 A Beast nay of some men they liken to be created worse than a Beast to be born with such evil marks upon his hand these marks happen but to some say they but this blind belief happens to too many that believe that the Stars and the said marks in the hand shew the whole course of mens lives And further saith he Therefore it behoves the industrious and studious Artist not to determine all things at first sight that is of the hand for no man can attain the knowledge of all particulars at one Inspection but yearly to make new Observations as the person encreases in age See W. Salmon of Chiromancy who for proof quotes Job 37.7 by the new Translation viz. He sealeth up the hand of every man that all men may know his work But in the old Translation I find it is With the force of the Rein he shutteth men up and all men may know his work mark the difference Now blessed be the Lord the living God that hath unvailed to many this gross Babylonish and Egyptian Spirit of Darkness that by its sensual Wisdom would draw people to trust to a Reed of Egypt Jer. 17.5 which turneth the truth of God into a lye and worshippeth and serveth the Creature forsaking the Creator which is blessed for ever Rom. 1.25 Behold you trust in lying words that cannot profit Jer. 7.8 Concerning a Soothsayer or Augurer that pretends to know things to come by the flying of Birds THe Rabbins speak in this wise He is a Soothsayer who will say because a morsel of Bread is falln out of his Mouth or his staff out of his hand or his Son called him back or a Crow croked unto him or a Goat passed by him or a Serpent was toward his Right hand or a Fox on his Left hand therefore he will
be beloved of the chief Bridegroom Math. 5.3 Nor to be cloathed like a Woman professing Godliness with good works 1 Tim. 2.10 Heb. 6.6 Phil. 3.17 18. 1 Peter 3.3.4.5 Lastly Borrow our Artificial Beautifiers saith he and become splendid that you may be fit to be gathered by the hand of some metamorphosed Hero lest in the Garden of deformity growing green with sickness you should be taken for thistles and so crop'd by Asses Ans I am even weary of writing of such a whorish mark or painted Faces that it grieves my heart that any professing Christianity should plead for the painting and attire of Jezebel and the Babilonish Whore and that Woman should be so splendid that the Souls of Men may be ensnared and captivated to Sacrifice to their Lust which is very sad as if the Author W. S. had never read what our blessed Saviour said Mat. 5.28 But I say unto you That whosoever looketh upon a Woman to lust after her hath committed Adultery with her already in his heart Then is it not a snare of the Devil that would allure men to last after a Woman which is caused by these Beautifiers saying by this means your sparkling Glories shall fire Platonick Lovers c. as before Therefore my Son saith Wisdom Lust not after her Beauty in thine heart neither let her take thee with her Eye-lids Favour is deceitful and Beauty is vain but a Woman that seareth the Lord she shall be praised Prov. 6.25 31 30. Who can find a vertuous Woman For her price is far above Rubies the heart of her Husband doth safely trust in her so that he shall have no need of spoil she will do him good and not evil all the days of her life she seeketh Wool and Flax and worketh willingly with her hands she looketh well to the ways of her Houshold and eateth not the Bread of idleness she stretcheth out her hand to the poor c. The Judgments that God will bring upon a proud Woman Thus saith the Lord because the Daughters of Zion are haughty and walk with stretched forth necks and wanton Eyes walking and mincing as they go and making a tinkling with their Feet Therefore the Lord will smite with the scab the Crown of the Head c. and take away the bravery of their tinkling Ornaments Chains and Bracelets their Rings and Jewels the changeable suits of Apparel the Hoods and Vails and have burning instead of Beauty because of the filth of the Daughters of Zion Isa 3. They are waxen fat they shine yea they overpass the deeds of the Wicked Jer. 5.28 Wo unto you Scribes Pharisees and Hypocrites for ye are like unto painted Sepulchres which did appear Beautiful outward but within full of dead Mens Bones and of all filthiness Mat. 23.27 Whereas the aforenamed Author W. S. in p. 376. Complains of some ingrateful men that will traduce his well meaning and skill in Art And our person saith he sought to be rent and destroyed Answer Far be it from me to abuse any mans person God knows my heart I love all men and for his skill in several commendable Arts he is worthy of praise so far as it is due to man but for some things written by him to gratifie a proud Spirit which I have answered as aforesaid I cannot commend him for seeing they are contrary to the Gospel and Cross of Christ Jesus which crucifies the Flesh with the Lusts of the Eye c. Hoping in God that by his Grace he will shew him his Duty and what is most profitable in Art for a Christian and make use of his Talent for Gods Glory for the future which is the prayer of his Loving Friend W. M. A Charmer is thus described by T. G. aforesaid HE is a Charmer who speaketh words of a strange Language and without sense sometimes And he in his foolishness thinketh that these words are profitable That if one say so or so unto a Serpent or Scorpion it cannot hurt a man and he that sayeth so or so unto a man he cannot hurt c. He that whispereth over a Wound or readeth a verse out of the Bible likewise he that readeth over an Infant that it may not be frighted or that layeth the Book of the Law or the Philacteries upon a Child that it may sleep such are not only among Inchanters or Charmers but of those that generally deny the Law of God because saith he they make the words of the Scripture medicine for the Body whereas they are not but medicine for the Soul as it is written Prov. 3.22 They shall be life unto thy Soul c. Among which may be numbered several more Diviners Vid Mag. Demon. lib. 2. cap. 1. whose Practice is forbidden in the Scriptures Deut. 18.10 11. in number nine not because there were no other but these were the most usual As 1. An Observer of times 2. An Inchanter 3. A Witch 4. A Charmer 5. A Consulter with Familiar Spirits 6. A Wizzard 7. A Necromancer 8. A Consulter with the Staff Hos 4.12.9 A consulter with intrals of Beasts Ezek. 21.21 Now a Consulter with Ob. or with Familiar Spirits the Magicians Art in this day Such a Diviner was the Damosel Act. 16.16 and the Witch of Endor A Consulter with the Staff aforesaid he measureth his Staff by spans or by the length of his Finger Vid. August 2. de Doctr. Chris● ca. 23. saying as he measureth I will go to War c. I will not go I will do such a thing I will not do it and as the last span fell out so he determined this was termed by the Heathen divination by the Rods which way Nebuchadnezar consulted with Ezek. 21.21 Being to make War both with the Jews and the Ammonites and doubting in the way against whether of these he should make his first onset he also consulted with the Liver of a Beast by taking notice of the colour of the Intrails and if any be displaced and whether any were wanting c. I shall conclude this part of vain Divinations with one memorable example recorded Jarchi Levit. 19.26 1 Sam. 29. There King Saul being about to War with the Philistines God denying to answer him either by Dreams or by Urim or by Prophets upon the fame of the Witch of Endor he repaired to her demanding that Samuel might be raised up from the Dead to tell him the issue of the War Now that this was not in truth Samuel is easily proved both by testimonies of the learned and reasons First It is improbable that God who had denied to answer him by any ordinary means should now deign him an answer so extraordinary Secondly No Witch or Devil can disturb the Bodies or Souls of such as die in the Lord Because they rest from their Labours Rev. 14.14 Thirdly if it had been Samuel he would doubtless have reproved Saul for consulting with Witches see T. Godw. Civ Eccl. Rites lib. 4. c. 10. Bowing
three pound of Hony is one quart 33. Melt the Wax in water and press it out strongly then melt it in fair water and skim it clean then cover it with cloaths till it is cold that the Wax Cake crack not Common-ground the Poors Right more than the Rich. IT is a sad age in which we live that rich earthly minded men should seek to keep the poor people always very poor The Cattle upon the thousands of Hills are mine saith the Lord which God intended for the poor as well as others even for a general good And besides the large Common-grounds in England the Rich keep from the Poor in a great measure which properly is their right or so much thereof to keep their Families from want but not to live in idleness for some Christian spirited people did in former ages give Land as common unto the Poor but we too often see how that Rich men by force take it from them That many Lords of Towns so called and other rich Commoners had rather hinder themselves in some things that they may lord it over the poor and hinder a general Improvement of Land than to benefit the poor by letting them enclose a small part of a Common to maintain their Families though the poor may have friends raised to give the value of it in Mony but are rather for having a Law to maintain them very poorly by collections whenas the Poor might improve Common-ground for a general good and pay taxes Such oppression on the poor is no fruit of a Christian Spirit which is to do unto the poor as they would be dealt with if they were in the poors condition The Nation being big enough to maintain ten times as many people I suppose as are now in it by a Christian Industry and the Laws put in execution against Drunkenness and other the abuses of good things the which is of the greatest concern that the Magistrats ought to look after And the Poor as well as others ought to learn the Apostle Paul's Lesson that is to be content in all conditions which Paul said he had learned Philip. 4.11 Then will none of the poor in a contentious angry Spirit strive to get in ground enclosed from the Common but rather patiently wait upon God until he shall be pleased to open the hearts of men in outward Power to grant them their Birth-right and to become sharers with them of the Earth that all may seek a General Good and not so much for a private Interest then will there be a Blessing upon all their Labours so as none covet to have more than is needful to spend it upon their Lusts and pleasures for which Sin the Creator of the Heavens and the Earth doth and will more and more send his Judgments upon the Inhabitants of the Earth except they speedily repent by yielding obedience to the Grace of God in their hearts which will not consent to one Sin Exod. 23.6 Prov. 22.22.23.16.29.14 Rob not the poor because he is poor neither oppress the afflicted in Judgment for the Lord will defend their cause and spoil the Soul of those that spoil them Thou shalt not overthrow the right of the poor in his sute A King that judgeth the poor in truth his Throne shall be established for ever There are multitudes of Examples to be given that shew the wonderful Mercy and Love of God to such as have been assistant to the Poor which hard hearted men take little notice of but for brevities sake I shall but mention one remarkable passage as I found it in Richard Burton's Historical Remarques p. 63. Printed for Nath. Crouch at the Bell in Exchange-Alley London In the Reign of K. Henry the Third was a great famine in England about the year 1245 whereby the Poor miserably perished for want of Bread The Authors of those times relate this story very credibly to shew how displeasing Unmercifulness and want of Charity is in the sight of God several poor People plucked the Ears of Corn while they were green in the Common fields meerly to keep themselves from starving at which the owners being much offended desired the Priest of the Parish to curse and excommunicate them all the next Sunday But one of the Company adjured the Priest in the name of God to exempt his Corn from the Sentence saying That it pleased him well that the poor being pinched with Famine had taken his Corn and so commended what was left to the blessing of God The Priest being compelled by the importunity of others had no sooner begun the Sentence but a sudden Tempest of Thunder Lightning Wind Hail and Rain interrupted him whereby all the Corn fields thereabout were laid waste and destroyed as if they had been trodden under Foot with Cart and Horses yea no kind of Fowl nor Beast would feed upon it But this honest tender hearted man found all his Corn and Ground though mingled among others altogether untouched and without the least harm Prov. 14.31 He that oppresseth the poor reproacheth his Maker but he that honoureth him hath mercy on the poor Those may be said to rob the poor as throw down Cottages by taking the Commons from them making great Parks to keep Deer and other Cattle c. laying house to house and field to field that neither work nor place may be left for the poor Isa 5.8 And enclosing whole Parishes in England in these few years whereby the poor have been forced to remove and lose their right but many such Great men have come to want for so doing God having blasted their Estates and have felt God's Judgments for the same I shall forbear to name the Persons The same blasting hath also come upon many that have bought up corn in times of scarcity to withold it from the poor by great prices which is well known to many in this year 1681. as in ages past And do not they also rob the poor that take away the Gleanings of the Grain in the common fields from the poor whether it be by the Farmer or such others as are not really poor But some may say Who are the poor that thou writes of I Answer He or she that hath nothing but wearing Apparel and he that hath a Wife or a Wife and Children and works hard for 8 d. or 10 d. a day and hath not above 60 l. value in Land or Money Lev. 19.9 10. When ye reap the harvest of your Land saith the Lord ye shall not reap every corner of your field neither shalt thou gather the Gleanings of thy harvest But thou shalt leave them for the poor and Fatherless and Stranger I am the Lord your God Matth. 5.3 Blessed are the poor in Spirit for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven saith our Saviour Christ Therefore whosoever first seeks the Kingdom of Heaven all other things shall be added Matth. 6.33 Psal 37.16 and 25. I have been young saith David and now am old yet I have not seen the