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one_o and_o yet_o worse_a have_v bad_a one_o beside_o this_o the_o blade_n of_o these_o pruning-knive_n must_v be_v of_o a_o moderate_a length_n that_o be_v but_o about_o two_o inch_n to_o the_o part_n where_o the_o bend_n of_o the_o back_n begin_v and_o afterward_o the_o whole_a hook_a part_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o point_n must_v have_v two_o inch_n more_o insomuch_o that_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o outside_n must_v not_o have_v above_o four_o inch_n in_o all_o beside_o this_o the_o handle_n must_v be_v more_o square_a than_o round_o and_o a_o little_a rugged_a buck's-horn_n be_v very_o fit_a for_o it_o this_o handle_n must_v be_v of_o a_o reasonable_a bigness_n so_o as_o to_o sit_v the_o hand_n and_o to_o hold_v it_o firm_a without_o turn_v or_o slip_v out_o of_o it_o in_o put_v one_o strength_n to_o it_o the_o thickness_n of_o two_o inch_n and_o eight_o line_n or_o at_o most_o three_o inch_n be_v that_o which_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o use_n of_o a_o man_n who_o actual_o 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blade_n to_o conduct_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o see_v the_o straight_a and_o to_o that_o end_n be_v require_v in_o the_o first_o place_n a_o considerable_a application_n of_o the_o mind_n to_o what_o be_v to_o be_v saw_v without_o the_o least_o distraction_n by_o any_o thing_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o saw_n must_v be_v manage_v with_o a_o extreme_a quickness_n and_o vigour_n for_o work_v slow_o or_o think_v upon_o any_o thing_n else_o the_o work_n will_v not_o succeed_v well_o and_o the_o saw_n will_v often_o bend_v or_o break_v you_o must_v not_o see_v quite_o through_o but_o stop_v just_o close_o to_o the_o last_o bark_n otherwise_o you_o may_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o tear_v the_o bark_n from_o off_o the_o remain_a branch_n and_o consequent_o peel_v it_o dangerous_o so_o that_o the_o pruning-knife_n must_v always_o end_v the_o work_n of_o the_o saw_n both_o to_o cut_v off_o clean_o what_o have_v not_o be_v make_v a_o end_n of_o saw_v and_o to_o smooth_v the_o part_n that_o have_v be_v saw_v that_o be_v to_o cut_v off_o all_o that_o remain_v rough_a from_o the_o action_n of_o saw_v since_o otherwise_o it_o will_v hardly_o recover_v the_o see_v have_v in_o some_o manner_n burn_v the_o part_n so_o saw_v there_o be_v likewise_o certain_a occasion_n in_o which_o the_o left_a hand_n by_o gentle_o bend_v the_o branch_n to_o be_v saw_v make_v the_o saw_n play_v the_o better_a and_o soon_o and_o more_o neat_o finish_v the_o work_n but_o you_o must_v be_v very_o exact_a in_o the_o strength_n you_o use_v or_o apply_v in_o bend_v lest_o you_o shall_v make_v a_o dangerous_a slit_v in_o the_o part_n that_o be_v to_o remain_v this_o be_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v as_o to_o our_o tool_n let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o application_n of_o the_o use_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o they_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o prune_v tree_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o their_o be_v plant_v a_o fruit-tree_n of_o what_o kind_n soever_o pear-tree_n appletree_n plumb-tree_n peach-tree_n etc._n etc._n which_o seem_v to_o promise_v all_o the_o good_a and_o necessary_a qualification_n require_v in_o order_n to_o be_v plant_v and_o have_v actual_o be_v plant_v with_o all_o the_o skill_n and_o consideration_n which_o we_o have_v heretofore_o explain_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o plantation_n this_o fruit-tree_n i_o say_v from_o the_o month_n of_o march_n until_o the_o month_n of_o september_n and_o october_n follow_v will_v of_o necessity_n perform_v one_o of_o these_o four_o thing_n either_o it_o will_v not_o shoot_v at_o all_o or_o little_a or_o it_o will_v shoot_v reasonable_o that_o be_v at_o least_o one_o fine_a branch_n or_o else_o it_o will_v shoot_v much_o that_o be_v two_o or_o three_o fine_a branch_n and_o perhaps_o more_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o figure_n we_o must_v exact_o explain_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o these_o four_o particular_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o first_o prune_v of_o a_o tree_n that_o have_v not_o sprout_v at_o all_o the_o first_o year_n as_o to_o the_o first_o case_n in_o which_o we_o suppose_v the_o tree_n to_o have_v shoot_v forth_o nothing_o the_o first_o year_n perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v dead_a and_o appear_v visible_o so_o and_o perhaps_o it_o be_v real_o dead_a though_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o little_a green_n which_o the_o pruning-knife_n discover_v under_o the_o bark_n for_o without_o doubt_v it_o may_v seem_v alive_a at_o the_o head_n and_o yet_o be_v dead_a at_o the_o root_n and_o that_o be_v likewise_o call_v be_v quite_o dead_a without_o however_o appear_v so_o outward_o or_o else_o it_o may_v seem_v dead_a either_o because_o it_o have_v produce_v nothing_o or_o perhaps_o because_o part_v of_o the_o stem_n be_v real_o dead_a though_o it_o be_v no_o wise_a dead_a in_o the_o principal_a place_n which_o be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o life_n and_o of_o the_o thick_a root_n on_o which_o depend_v the_o whole_a spring_n of_o vegetation_n when_o the_o tree_n be_v dead_a on_o all_o side_n it_o be_v easy_o know_v by_o the_o dryness_n or_o blackness_n either_o of_o the_o whole_a stem_n or_o a_o main_a part_n of_o it_o especial_o if_o that_o blackness_n appear_v about_o the_o graff_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v neither_o difficult_a of_o give_v nor_o of_o receive_v good_a advice_n that_o be_v such_o a_o tree_n must_v be_v remove_v as_o soon_o as_o you_o be_v convince_v of_o its_o be_v dead_a but_o ever_o with_o a_o intention_n of_o put_v another_o in_o the_o room_n of_o it_o at_o the_o first_o moderate_a shower_n of_o rain_n provide_v the_o death_n of_o such_o a_o tree_n be_v perceive_v in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n or_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o june_n till_o which_o time_n you_o may_v plant_v other_o in_o the_o room_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o safe_a to_o be_v do_v during_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o summer_n this_o re-implacement_a sufficient_o show_v that_o i_o design_v it_o shall_v be_v do_v by_o mean_n of_o those_o tree_n which_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o basket_n if_o as_o i_o have_v so_o much_o exhort_v people_n to_o do_v the_o curious_a have_v take_v care_n to_o raise_v some_o in_o that_o manner_n not_o only_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o their_o plant_v but_o likewise_o all_o the_o follow_a year_n to_o the_o end_n that_o this_o first_o year_n and_o even_o at_o all_o time_n they_o may_v have_v the_o satisfaction_n of_o see_v their_o garden_n perfect_o stock_v without_o doubt_v such_o basket_n tree_n in_o the_o month_n of_o july_n and_o august_n will_v have_v shoot_v their_o root_n beyond_o the_o basket_n in_o case_n they_o have_v take_v so_o well_o as_o to_o produce_v very_o fine_a shoot_v which_o be_v the_o only_a one_o you_o must_v re-implace_a but_o it_o be_v very_o dangerous_a to_o take_v they_o out_o to_o transport_v or_o plant_v they_o in_o the_o summer_n when_o their_o root_n be_v thus_o shoot_v out_o for_o they_o either_o break_v in_o remove_v or_o as_o their_o 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the_o say_a wedge_n without_o prejudice_v the_o bark_n the_o graff_n be_v lodge_v the_o same_o thing_n must_v be_v do_v we_o have_v already_o declare_v to_o secure_v the_o cleave_v graff_n from_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o air._n as_o for_o whipp-graffing_a slope_n or_o notch_n must_v be_v make_v into_o the_o bark_n and_o into_o the_o wood_n of_o the_o shorten_v stock_n choose_v twig_n about_o a_o inch_n in_o circumference_n cut_v the_o graff_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o those_o that_o be_v for_o the_o cleave_v proportion_v the_o twig_n so_o cut_v so_o exact_o to_o the_o notch_n of_o the_o stock_n that_o it_o may_v enter_v with_o some_o small_a difficulty_n to_o the_o