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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A48803	The marrow of history, or, The pilgrimmage of kings and princes truly representing the variety of dangers inhaerent to their crowns, and the lamentable deaths which many of them, and some of the best of them, have undergone : collected, not onely out of the best modern histories, but from all those which have been most famous in the Latine, Greek, or in the Hebrew tongue : shewing, not onely the tragedies of princes at their deaths, but their exploits and sayings in their lives, and by what virtues some of them have flourished in the height of honour, and overcome by what affections, others of them have sunk into the depth of all calamities : a work most delightfull for knowledge, and as profitable for example / collected by Lodowick Lloyd ... ; and corrected and revived by R.C. ...	Lloyd, Lodowick, fl. 1573-1610.; Codrington, Robert, 1601-1665.	1653 (1653)	Wing L2660; ESTC R39067	223,145	321

poor Romane gave the repulse to the whole Army of a King Valiant was Rome and the Romans feared when Popilius was sent Ambassador to Antiochus the Great King of Syria when Antiochus either for pride or pomp of his person or contempt of Popilius refused to answer the Roman Embassador but was presently enforced to answer the Senate of Rome and give satisfaction to the demands of the Embassador before he might go out of a little round circle which Popilius made with his riding Rod. Rome was then faithfull when Pomponius a Roman Knight and souldier under Lucullus who was General in the field against Mithridates King of Pontus was taken prisoner by Mithridates and was sore wounded and mangled the King demanded If he should give him Quarter for his life he would be true to Mithridates to whom the poor wounded Roman answered Pomponius will be unto Mithridates as Mithridates will be unto Lucullus So true and faithfull were Romans as they were stout and valiant insomuch that Scipio being almost thréescore years of age and was desired by a young souldier to buy a brave Buckler and a fine Target said That a true Roman must not trust to the left hand where the Buckler is or to hide himself under a Target but must trust to his right hand and show himself in field in open sight This magnanimity had the people of Scythia at what time Darius King of Persia was marching with his Army towards Scythia they having intelligence thereof like people of great magnanimity sent certain Ambassadors to méet Darius to signifie his welcome unto Scythia by presents sent by their Ambassadours When the Ambassadors met with King Darius they began to tel their message and opening in the privy chamber the Wallet where their presents were they took out a mouse saying Vnless you créep like this mouse to some countrey or swim like this frog to another or flie like this bird to a third these arrows shall pierce your hearts The presents were a Mouse a Frog a Sparrow and five Arrows rare presents sent unto a King simple gifts small charges but yet containing valour fortitude and contempt of Darius ●ather to move him to war then to entreat for peace Though Scythia was bare yet was she stout though rude and barbarous yet valiant and manfull It is not in the nature of the place or in the number of the persons that magnanimity consisteth but in the valiant heart and noble mind Wherefore Leonides King of Sparta was wont to say unto his souldiers that he had rather have one Lion to lead a whole herd of Déers then to have a whole band of Lions ruled and led by one Déer applying his meaning unto King Xerxes who had ten hundred thousand ships on the Seas sayling towards Gréece so many as all Gréece could hardly receive so many that divers rivers and flouds were dried up by his huge Armie a proof saith Justine more of his wealth then of his magnanimity Leonides knowing well the manner of Xerxes that he was séen first in the flight and last in the field whose glorious pomp and numerous army was not so famous and terrible at his comming to Gréece as his departure from Gréece was shamefull and ignominious began so perswade the Lacedemonians being but four thousand in number willingly to die in the streights of Thermopylae for the renown of Sparta exhorting them to dine as merrily with Leonides their King as though they should ●up with Pluto But perswasions to these that were already perswaded were superfluous spurs unto those that might not be stopt with bridles were néedlesse as in the Thermopylae was well séen and proved to the noble fame of Leonides and great shame of Xerxes It is not in multitude of men that magnanimity of men consisteth but in wise and valiant hearts for wit and courage joyned together saith Salust do make men valiant Wherefore Agamemnon that most renowned Emperour of all Greece at the siege of Troy would often say that he had rather have ten wise Nestors then ten strong as Achilles ten such as Ulysses then ten such as Ajax wisedome in war availeth much Plutarch reciteth four famous and renowned Princes and either of these four had but one eye to the advancement of their renowned fame the first was Philip King of Macedonia and Father unto Alexander the great whose wisedome in wars whose policy in feats whose liberallity unto his souldiers whose clemency and humanity to his enemies in fine whose successe in his affairs were such that his son Alexande● doubted whether the valiantnesse of his Father would leave any place to Alexander unconquered The second was Antigonus King in the self-same place succeeding after Philip whose wars with Mithridaies King of Pontus and Pyrrhus King of Epire fully set forth in Plutarch do yeeld due honour and renown unto him for his force and magnanimity The third was Hannibal Prince of Carthage the whole stay of all Lybia for sixtéen years the scourge and terrour of all Rome and Italy whose name was so terrible for his courage and hardinesse that Antiochus King of Syria and Prusia and King also of Bithinia rather for fear then for love Hannibal being then but a banished man did receive him with hon●ur The fourth was Serto●ius a Roman Prince born in Sabina the thunder of whose Fame was nothing inferiour to the proudest these were not so famous by their prowesse and chivalry one way as they were notorious and spoken of for that either of them had but one eye These renowned Princes and singular souldiers excelled all men in wisedome and prowess as is recorded by Plutarch in their lives Philip for temperance of life Antigonus for faith and constancy to his friend Hannibal for truth and patience for his county Sertorius for his clemency and gentlenesse towards his enemies and all of them for their passing courage invincible stoutnesse and worthy enterprizes although they were incomparable yet were they all deprived of their eys as Philip lost one of his eys at the siege of the City of Methron Antigonus at Perinthia Hannibal in Hetruria Sertorius in Pontus When the people of Thasius had erected altars and appointed sacrifices to honour Agesilaus in their Temples for his Fame of fortitude they sent Embassadours to certifie the King thereof who reported that as Apollo was in Delphos honoured as a God so Agesilaus was in Thasius but the King as he was valiant so he was wise and much detesting the assentations of the people he demanded of the Embassadours and desired them that if their country could make Gods they would make some first for their own country saying Agesilaus had rather be a King in Sparta then a God in Thasius While hidden hatred was exempted while civil wars were not known while Athens sought no supremacy over Sparta while Sparta sought no mastery over Thebes then all the power of Persia the force of Macedonia might not stain one little town in Gréece but the

Rome of such love professed of such friendship promised that though Pompey was the onely joy of Rome the long delight of Romans and the defender and maintainer of their name and fame yet being convicted they received Caesar as another Pompey for that he used humanity and shewed gentlenesse even to his enemies For noble hearts ought to contemn cruelty Princes minds ought to abhor tyranny A simple Sparrow which to avoid the griping paws of a hungry Sparhawk that would have preyed upon him fled unto Artaxerxes bosome being in the Camp wh●● after long panting as well for fear as for wearinesse in Artaxerxes bosome Artaxerxes said It is as little mastery unto a Prince or commendation to a valiant Captain to destroy that which of it self doth yéeld as it is a fame unto Artaxerxes to kill this poor sparrow that fled for succour Saying again beholding the sparrow As I will not betray thee thou little sparrow for that thou hast fled for help unto Artaxerxes so will I never deceive any man that will have confidence in me If this pity of Artaxerxes was shewed unto a Sparrow how much more ought Princes to shew the same unto men Antigonus though he was a great enemy to Pyrrhus as Princes be during the time of war Pyrrhus being slain by a silly woman in Argos and his head brought by Alcioneus unto his father King Antigonus thinking to please his father much with bringing K. Pyrrhus head who long had molested Antigonus alive yet the King perceiving the cruel tyranny of his son delighting in dead mens heads took the staff whereon his son Alcioneus carried the head and instead of thanks which he looked for at his fathers hands he was well and worthily rewarded with stripes he took Pyrrhus head and very honourably covered it and after long looking thereon he commanded his son Helenus to carry it to the Kingdome of Epire where Pyrrhus in his life time was King and there to bury it according unto the custome of the Epirots by King Alexander his own brother The like history is written in Herodotus of King Darius who yéelded thanks unto those that brought Histeus head as Antigonus did to his son Alcioneus saying I do as little joy to see Histeus head being dead as I do lament much such tyranny and cruelnesse to be in you who never did see King Darius so cruel to any man alive as you are cruel to Histeus being dead As Darius was gentle of himself so he greatly estéemed those that were gentle insomuch that being at the point of death even at that time when he was so weak that he knew not Polistratus that gave a litle water to refresh his heart he said Whosever thou be I know thée not and for that I am not able to thank thée Alexander shall and will requite thy gentlenesse and the Gods shall thank Alexander for his clemency and humanity towards my mother my wife and children And with that he stretched forth his hand and said Have me recommended to Alexander and give him this my right hand and tell him that Bessus killed Darius whom thou didst sée dying Which when it was told by Polistratus to Alexander he much lamented his death and caused his body to be brought to his mother named Sisigambis Thus worketh clemency and humanity that these two famous Princes Alexander and Darius two mortal enemies yet not forgetting each others courtesie at deaths dore were in love each with the other for their humanity one to another Darius at his death repeating Alexanders gentlenesse towards him and Alexander requited Darius gentleness being dead The greatest fame or commendation that may happen to any man is to be counted gentle and courteous therein are divers vertues knit and joyned in friendship as pity mercy wisedome and affability with others so that the property of those men is always though they can hurt yet never to offend As it is the property of an evil man to revenge so it is the nature of the good and gentle to forgive Pilistratus shewed both wisdome and rourtesie to certain drunkards who having in their drink used wanton speech to his wife and being sober the next morning came to Pisistratus to ask him forgivenesse for their lewd talk to his wife he gently said Learn to be more sober another time I know my wife was not out of her house yesterday Excusing his wife wisely and pardoning them gently How gently did Alexander Severus use Camillus though he rebelled against him and by sleight thought to be Emperor of Rome and for that being condemned to die by the Senate yet he was pardoned by Alexander How curteous was Fabius Maximus to forgive Marsius one of his chief Captains the treasons and snares that he used against his Master Fabius with the enemies Such gentlenesse did Xerxes the great shew unto the Gréeks who were as Spies to view the power and host of King Xerxes sent from Athens and being taken and brought before the King he not onely gently dismissed them but shewed them curteously all his host and force of souldiers The greatest victory is alwaies gotten by gentlenesse as Alphonsus King of Aragon by gentlenesse won Careta Marcellus won Syracusa Metellus Celtiberia as you have heard before mentioned Plutarch reciteth a passing history of great curtesie and humanity of King Belenus towards his son Antigonus who being married to a fair woman fell in love with his fathers wife for his mother was dead and his father married the daughter of Demetrius king of Macedonia named Estrabonica a young woman of excellent beauty for this therefore the Kings son languished in love that he was like to die unknown to his father which when his father knew he caused his own wife to be married to his son Antigonus a rare clemency and great gentlenesse for a man to give his wife to please his friend Pity accompanieth this excellent vertue clemency as we read in holy Scriptures that divers good men ceased not to bewail and wéep over the state of their enemies I néed not here to recite Peticles the Athenian who willed that the dead souldiers of his enemies should be buried in the wars of Peloponesus nor of Hannibals curtesie in the wars of Carthage for the burial of Roman enemies But Moses that man of God brought with him from Egypt the bones of Joseph Tobias and Machabeus mercifull men commanded likewise a solemn buriall for the dead souldiers And Jehu king of Israel caused his enemie Jezabel to be honourably buried But as white is better discerned by the black then by any colour else so shall humanity and gentlenesse appear most excellent in reading the title of tyranny where by conferring both together the excellency of the one is manifest the terrour of the other is odious The gentlenesse and pity that our Saviour Iesus Christ shewed unto Mary Magdalen the lewd woman unto the prodigal child unto Peter that denied him unto the Thief that was hanged with him

nine just with the number of the Muses thus was the first Harp made by Apollo though some say it was made by Orpheus some by Amphion some by Li●s yet it is most like that Apollo made it For in Delphos the picture or effigies of Apollo is there set up having in his right hand a bow and in his left hand the thrée Graces and either of them having in their hands several kind of instruments the first a Harp the second a Pipe the third a Flute In the chapter of the invention of things you shall at large find more concerning musick But now to declare the harmony of musick the mirth and melody that procéeds from musick the love and affection that antient Princes and gravewise men bare to musick Themistocles though he was wise and discréet in other things yet for that as Cicero saith in his first book of Tusculans he refused to hear one play on the Harp in a banquet where he was he then of the wisest men in Athens was thought and judged to be of lesse learning than they supposed him to be For the Greeks judged none to be learned unlesse he were experienced in musick Socrates the father of all philosophy and master of all Philosophers being by the Oracle of Apollo named and judged the wisest man in all the world in his latter years being an old man was taught to play upon the Harp and often found amongst little children he being taunted of Alcibiades for that he found him playing with a little infant called Lamproces answered it is good being to be in good company Even so that wise and discreet Prince Agesilaus king sometime of the Lacedemonians spying one of his men to laugh at him for that he rode upon a long reed with one of his children said hold thy peace and laugh not and when soever thou shalt be a father thou must do as a father We read the like of noble Architas the Tarentine who when he was married having a great number of servants in his house he would play with their children and delighted much in the company of young infants Certainly either of these thrée last mentioned Socrates Age●●laus or Architas were in those days most renowned for their wisedom and knowledge and yet refused they not the company of young infants That mighty and strong Hercules though he was the son of Jupiter and counted in all the world most famous rather a God taken then a man as Euripides doth testifie would be often found amongst children and young innocent infants playing saying this sentence with a child in his hand I play with children which for the change thereof is so grateful unto me as though I were in the games of Olimpia The self-same famous Hercules went to school to Livius to learn to play upon the Harp to solace him in his sadnesse and to make him merry when he was compelled to mourn In the middest of his triumph went that great Conquerour Alexander likewise to learn musick That divine and godly Prophet David played upon his Harp and served his God with hymns and godly ballads It is written that in the marriage of King Cadmus the son of Agenor who builded Thebes in Boetia the Muses played on instruments In Gréece musick was so esteemed that their sages and wise Philosophers addicted themselves wholly to musick The Arcadians the Lacedemonians and the Thracians though they were people much given to wars severe in dealing hardy in all travels and in learning most inexperienced yet would they acquaint themselves with musick till they were thirty years old The people of Créet brought up their youth in all kind of melody and harmony The most part of the world did learn musick save in Egypt where as Diodorus in his second book affirmeth musick was forbidden least the tender and soft minds of their youth should be inticed to too much pleasure And though some contemn musick with Diogenes and say that it were more profitable to mend manners then to learn musick and some with Alcibiades despise musick who was wont to say that the Thebans were méet men to learn musick for that they could not speak but that the Athenians should hate such wanton tunes for that they spake without instruments Likewise King Pyrrhus being demaanded which was the best musitian Python or Charisius he despising them and their musick preferred a great warriour according to his own mind named Polysperches though these I say with divers others despised musick yet we read again as wise as they as stout as they used much musick as Aca●les Alexander the great Nero Silla M. Cato Socrates Cimon Too many might I repeat the learned Jopas whose songs in Virgil are expressed the Salij whose pleasant pamphlets Rome a long while embraced and much estéemed For as musick is delightfully pleasant full of harmony and melody so is musick terrible also and full of life and courage For we read in the old age while yet the world was rain that Aliates King of Lidia in his wars against the Milesians had Musitians for his Trumpetters Pipers and Fidlers as Herodo●us in his first book affirmeth to move the people with musick to wars The people of Créet as Gellius writeth had Gitterns and Cithrons playing before them as they went to the field to fight The Parthians used as Plutarch●s in the life of Crastus reporteth the beating of drums at their going into field the Ethiopians used songs of divers tunes and dancings before they went to wars the Syrians before they met their enemies would sing ballads to honour the fame of the wars with all kind of dancing to solace themselves the Cimbrians did make melody with dry skins beating the skins with sticks like drum sticks at the very entrance to the enemies Cyrus the great King did with his souldiers sing to Castor and Pollux before he took his voyage to the enemies the Athenians would sing hymns to Iupiter before they would go to the field the first noise and sound that the Lacedemonians had as Th●cidides saith instead of Trumpets were Flutes til ' by an Oracle they were warned of Apollo that if they thought to have victory over Moslena they should appoint a man of Athens for their Captain the Athenians being right glad of the Oracle for that the Laced●monians and Athenians were alwaies enemies one to another they sent to Athens for a Captain who appointed to them a lame and a deformed man named Dircaeus in a reproach and mock of the Lacedemonians This Dircae●s being appointed and made Captain over all the people of Sparta he first then invented the trump and taught all the Lacedemonians to sound the trump which was such a terrour to the enemies the people of Messena that at the first sound of the trumpets they fled and so the Lacedemonians got the victory thus was the ancient musick in the beginning so necessary that every country indeavoured to have skil in musick then Mars claimed musick in the field now