between_o we_o and_o what_o i_o have_v say_v to_o many_o who_o i_o know_v have_v inform_v he_o of_o it_o and_o which_o indeed_o i_o have_v send_v to_o himself_o upon_o the_o first_o publish_v of_o his_o leviathan_n i_o think_v myself_o eveâ—_n bind_v to_o give_v he_o some_o satisfaction_n why_o i_o have_v entertain_v so_o evil_a a_o opinion_n of_o his_o book_n when_o the_o prince_n go_v first_o to_o paris_n from_o jersey_n and_o my_o lord_n capel_n and_o hopton_n stay_v in_o jersey_n together_o with_o myself_o i_o hear_v short_o after_o that_o mr._n hobbes_n who_o be_v then_o at_o paris_n have_v print_v his_o book_n de_fw-fr cive_z there_o i_o write_v to_o dr._n earles_n who_o be_v then_o the_o prince_n chaplain_n and_o his_o tutor_n to_o remember_v i_o kind_o to_o mr._n hobbes_n with_o who_o i_o be_v well_o acquaint_v and_o to_o desire_v he_o to_o send_v i_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr cive_z by_o the_o same_o token_n that_o sid._n godolphin_n who_o have_v be_v kill_v in_o the_o late_a 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like_v it_o and_o thereupon_o mention_v some_o of_o his_o conclusion_n upon_o which_o i_o ask_v he_o why_o he_o will_v publish_v such_o doctrine_n to_o which_o after_o a_o discourse_n between_o jest_n and_o earnest_n upon_o the_o subject_a he_o say_v the_o truth_n be_v i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o go_v home_o within_o a_o very_a short_a time_n after_o i_o come_v into_o flanders_n which_o be_v not_o much_o more_o than_o a_o month_n from_o the_o time_n that_o mr._n hobbes_n have_v confer_v with_o i_o leviathan_n be_v send_v to_o i_o from_o london_n which_o i_o read_v with_o much_o appetite_n and_o impatience_n yet_o i_o have_v scarce_o finish_v it_o when_o sir_n charles_n cavendish_n the_o noble_a brother_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o newcastle_n who_o be_v then_o at_o antwerp_n and_o a_o gentleman_n of_o all_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o mind_n that_o he_o want_v of_o body_n be_v in_o all_o other_o respect_v a_o wonderful_a person_n show_v i_o a_o letter_n he_o have_v then_o receive_v from_o mr._n hobbes_n in_o which_o he_o desire_v he_o will_v let_v he_o know_v free_o what_o my_o opinion_n be_v of_o his_o book_n upon_o which_o i_o wish_v he_o will_v tell_v he_o that_o i_o can_v not_o enough_o wonder_n that_o a_o man_n who_o have_v so_o great_a a_o reverence_n for_o civil_a government_n that_o he_o resolve_v all_o wisdom_n and_o religion_n itself_o into_o a_o simple_a obedience_n and_o submission_n to_o it_o shall_v publish_v a_o book_n for_o which_o by_o the_o constitution_n of_o any_o government_n now_o establish_v in_o europe_n whether_o monarchical_a or_o democratical_a the_o author_n must_v be_v punish_v in_o the_o high_a degree_n and_o with_o the_o most_o severe_a penalty_n with_o which_o answer_n which_o sir_n charles_n send_v to_o he_o he_o be_v hot_a please_v and_o find_v afterward_o when_o i_o return_v to_o the_o king_n to_o paris_n that_o i_o very_o much_o censure_v his_o book_n which_o he_o have_v present_v engross_v in_o â—â—llam_n in_o a_o marvellous_a fair_a hand_n to_o the_o king_n and_o likewise_o find_v my_o judgement_n so_o far_o confirm_v that_o few_o day_n before_o i_o come_v thither_o he_o be_v compel_v secret_o to_o fly_v out_o of_o paris_n the_o justice_n have_v endeavour_v to_o apprehend_v he_o and_o soon_o after_o escape_v into_o england_n where_o he_o never_o receive_v any_o disturbance_n after_o the_o king_n return_v he_o come_v frequent_o to_o the_o court_n where_o he_o have_v too_o many_o disciple_n and_o once_o visit_v i_o i_o receive_v he_o very_o kind_o and_o invite_v he_o to_o see_v i_o often_o but_o he_o hear_v from_o so_o many_o hand_n that_o i_o have_v no_o good_a opinion_n of_o his_o book_n that_o he_o come_v to_o i_o only_o that_o one_o time_n and_o methinks_v i_o be_o in_o a_o degree_n indebt_v to_o he_o to_o let_v he_o know_v some_o reason_n why_o i_o look_v with_o so_o much_o prejudice_n upon_o his_o book_n which_o have_v get_v he_o so_o much_o credit_n and_o estimation_n with_o some_o other_o man_n i_o be_o not_o without_o some_o doubt_n that_o i_o shall_v in_o this_o discourse_n which_o i_o be_o now_o engage_v in_o transgress_v in_o a_o way_n i_o do_v very_o hearty_o dislike_v and_o frequent_o censure_v in_o other_o which_o be_v sharpness_n of_o language_n and_o too_o much_o reproach_v the_o person_n against_o who_o i_o write_v which_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n warrantable_a when_o it_o can_v be_v possible_o avoid_v without_o wrong_v the_o truth_n in_o debate_n yet_o i_o hope_v nothing_o have_v fall_v from_o my_o pen_n which_o imply_v the_o least_o undervalue_v of_o mr._n hobbes_n his_o person_n or_o his_o part_n but_o if_o he_o to_o advance_v his_o opinion_n in_o policy_n too_o imperious_o reproach_n all_o man_n who_o do_v not_o consent_v to_o his_o doctrine_n it_o can_v hardly_o be_v avoid_v to_o reprehend_v so_o great_a presumption_n and_o to_o make_v his_o doctrine_n appear_v as_o odious_a as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v esteem_v and_o when_o he_o shake_v the_o principle_n of_o christian_a religion_n by_o his_o new_a and_o bold_a interpretation_n of_o scripture_n a_o man_n can_v hardly_o avoid_v say_v he_o have_v no_o religion_n or_o that_o he_o be_v no_o good_a christian_n and_o escape_v endeavour_v to_o manifest_v and_o expose_v the_o poison_n that_o lie_v hide_v and_o conceled_a yet_o i_o have_v choose_v rather_o to_o pass_v by_o many_o of_o his_o enormous_a say_n with_o light_a expression_n to_o make_v his_o assertion_n ridiculous_a then_o to_o make_v his_o person_n odious_a for_o infuse_v such_o destructive_a doctrine_n into_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n who_o be_v already_o too_o licentious_a in_o judge_v the_o precept_n or_o observe_v the_o practice_n of_o christianity_n the_o survey_n of_o mr._n hobbes_n introduction_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o mr._n hobbes_n run_v into_o so_o many_o mistake_n and_o error_n throughout_o his_o whole_a discourse_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o government_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n when_o he_o lay_v so_o wrong_a a_o foundation_n in_o the_o very_a entrance_n and_o introduction_n of_o his_o book_n as_o to_o make_v a_o judgement_n of_o the_o passion_n and_o nature_n of_o all_o other_o man_n by_o his_o own_o observation_n of_o himself_o and_o believe_v pag._n 2._o that_o by_o look_v into_o himself_o and_o consider_v what_o he_o do_v when_o he_o do_v think_v opine_n reason_n hope_v fear_v etc._n etc._n and_o upon_o what_o ground_n he_o shall_v thereby_o read_v and_o know_v what_o be_v the_o thought_n and_o passion_n of_o all_o other_o man_n upon_o the_o like_a occasion_n and_o indeed_o by_o his_o distinction_n in_o the_o very_a subsequent_a word_n pag._n 2._o between_o the_o similitude_n of_o passion_n and_o the_o similitude_n of_o the_o object_n
alone_o and_o when_o it_o be_v once_o find_v to_o be_v in_o he_o alone_o he_o will_v not_o be_v long_o able_a to_o defend_v his_o own_o propriety_n or_o his_o own_o sovereignty_n it_o be_v machiavel_n exception_n against_o the_o entertain_n of_o foreign_a force_n that_o they_o be_v only_o mercenary_a and_o therefore_o indifferent_a in_o their_o affection_n which_o party_n win_v or_o lose_v and_o no_o doubt_n those_o soldier_n fight_v most_o resolute_o who_o fight_v to_o defend_v their_o own_o and_o sure_o they_o who_o have_v nothing_o of_o their_o own_o to_o lose_v but_o their_o life_n be_v as_o apt_a to_o throw_v those_o away_o where_o they_o shall_v not_o as_o where_o they_o shall_v be_v expose_v and_o it_o be_v the_o usual_a artifice_n in_o all_o sedition_n for_o the_o leader_n and_o promoter_n of_o they_o to_o persuade_v the_o people_n that_o the_o tendency_n and_o consequence_n of_o such_o and_o such_o action_n do_v by_o the_o magistrate_n extend_v to_o the_o deprive_v they_o of_o all_o their_o propriety_n the_o jealousy_n of_o which_o hurry_v they_o into_o all_o those_o act_n of_o rage_n and_o despair_n which_o prove_v so_o fatal_a to_o kingdom_n and_o there_o be_v never_o yet_o a_o wise_a and_o fortunate_a prince_n who_o have_v not_o enervate_v those_o machination_n by_o all_o the_o profession_n and_o all_o the_o vindication_n of_o that_o propriety_n which_o they_o be_v so_o vigilant_a to_o preserve_v and_o defend_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a propesterous_a foundation_n to_o support_v a_o government_n to_o declare_v that_o the_o subject_n have_v no_o propriety_n in_o any_o thing_n that_o exclude_v the_o sovereign_n from_o a_o right_n of_o dispose_v it_o and_o it_o may_v be_v easy_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o prince_n in_o europe_n i_o mean_v that_o be_v civilise_v for_o of_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o great_a turk_n from_o whence_o mr._n hobbes_n have_v borrow_v his_o model_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o discourse_v in_o another_o place_n will_v be_v able_a to_o retain_v his_o sovereignty_n one_o whole_a year_n after_o he_o shall_v declare_v as_o mr._n hobbes_n do_v that_o his_o subject_n have_v no_o propriety_n in_o any_o thing_n they_o possess_v but_o that_o he_o may_v dispose_v of_o all_o they_o have_v for_o though_o they_o do_v too_o often_o invade_v that_o propriety_n and_o take_v somewhat_o from_o they_o that_o be_v not_o their_o own_o they_o bear_v it_o better_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o oppression_n and_o rapine_n and_o as_o they_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o the_o effect_n of_o some_o powerful_a subject_n evil_a advice_n which_o will_v in_o time_n be_v discover_v and_o reform_v by_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o prince_n as_o have_v often_o fall_v out_o than_o they_o will_v ever_o do_v under_o a_o claim_n of_o right_n that_o can_v just_o take_v away_o all_o they_o have_v because_o it_o be_v not_o the_o subject_n but_o their_o own_o and_o if_o mr._n hobbes_n have_v take_v the_o pain_n and_o know_v where_o to_o have_v be_v inform_v of_o the_o proceed_n and_o transaction_n of_o wâ—lliam_n the_o conqueror_n he_o will_v have_v find_v cause_n to_o believe_v that_o that_o great_a king_n do_v ever_o dexterous_o endeavour_v from_o the_o time_n that_o he_o be_v assure_v that_o his_o possession_n will_v not_o be_v disturb_v to_o divest_v himself_o of_o the_o title_n of_o a_o conqueror_n and_o make_v his_o legal_a claim_n to_o what_o he_o have_v get_v by_o the_o will_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n who_o name_n be_v precious_a to_o the_o nation_n and_o who_o be_v know_v to_o have_v a_o great_a friendship_n for_o that_o prince_n who_o have_v now_o recover_v what_o have_v be_v he_o and_o he_o know_v so_o well_o the_o ill_a consequence_n which_o must_v attend_v the_o very_a imagination_n that_o the_o nation_n have_v lose_v its_o propriety_n that_o he_o make_v haste_n to_o grant_v they_o a_o assurance_n that_o they_o shall_v still_o enjoy_v all_o the_o benefit_n and_o privilege_n which_o be_v due_a to_o they_o by_o their_o own_o law_n and_o custom_n by_o which_o they_o shall_v be_v still_o govern_v as_o they_o be_v during_o that_o king_n whole_a reign_n who_o have_v enough_o of_o the_o unquestionable_a demesne_n and_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o which_o he_o be_v then_o possess_v without_o a_o rival_n and_o belong_v to_o those_o great_a man_n who_o have_v perish_v with_o their_o posterity_n in_o the_o battle_n with_o harold_n to_o distribute_v to_o those_o who_o have_v bear_v such_o share_n and_o run_v such_o hazard_n in_o his_o prosperous_a adventure_n and_o those_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v before_o the_o conquest_n be_v the_o same_o which_o the_o nation_n and_o kingdom_n have_v be_v since_o govern_v by_o to_o this_o day_n with_o the_o addition_n of_o those_o statute_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o successive_a king_n with_o which_o they_o have_v gratify_v their_o subject_n in_o provide_v such_o new_a security_n for_o they_o and_o advantage_n to_o the_o public_a as_o upon_o the_o experience_n and_o observation_n of_o the_o age_n and_o time_n when_o they_o be_v make_v contribute_v to_o the_o honour_n and_o glory_n of_o the_o king_n as_o well_o as_o the_o happiness_n of_o the_o people_n many_o of_o which_o be_v but_o the_o copy_n and_o transcript_n of_o ancient_a landmark_n make_v the_o character_n more_o plain_a the_o legible_a of_o what_o have_v be_v practise_v and_o understand_v in_o the_o precede_a age_n and_o the_o observation_n whereof_o be_v of_o the_o same_o profit_n and_o convenience_n to_o king_n and_o people_n such_o be_v the_o law_n in_o tully_n time_n which_o mr._n hobbes_n wonderful_o cite_v to_o prove_v that_o which_o tully_n never_o hear_v of_o and_o which_o indeed_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o end_n of_o his_o discourse_n pag._n 127._o be_v it_o possible_a that_o tully_n can_v ever_o have_v say_v let_v the_o civil_a law_n be_v once_o abandon_v or_o but_o negligent_o guard_v not_o to_o say_v oppress_v and_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o any_o man_n can_v be_v sure_a to_o receive_v from_o his_o ancestor_n or_o to_o leave_v to_o his_o child_n and_o again_o take_v away_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o no_o man_n know_v what_o be_v his_o own_o and_o what_o another_o man_n i_o say_v he_o can_v never_o have_v mention_v and_o insist_v upon_o this_o grand_a security_n of_o mankind_n if_o he_o have_v understand_v the_o law_n to_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o breath_n of_o the_o sovereign_n who_o can_v grant_v and_o dissolve_v or_o repeal_v this_o law_n with_o the_o speak_v a_o word_n that_o his_o will_n or_o fancy_n dictate_v to_o he_o how_o can_v any_o man_n receive_v from_o his_o ancestor_n or_o leave_v to_o his_o child_n if_o he_o ben_fw-mi oâ—_n sure_a that_o his_o ancestor_n have_v and_o that_o his_o child_n shall_v have_v a_o propriety_n it_o be_v the_o importance_n of_o and_o delight_n in_o this_o propriety_n that_o produce_v that_o happy_a and_o beneficial_a agreement_n between_o the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o the_o naked_a subject_n which_o be_v mention_v before_o that_o introduce_v the_o beauty_n of_o building_n and_o the_o cultivate_a the_o earth_n by_o art_n as_o well_o as_o industry_n by_o secure_v man_n that_o they_o and_o their_o child_n shall_v dwell_v in_o the_o house_n they_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n to_o build_v and_o that_o they_o shall_v reap_v the_o harvest_n of_o those_o land_n which_o they_o have_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o sow_v whatsoever_o be_v of_o civility_n and_o good_a manner_n all_o that_o be_v of_o art_n and_o beauty_n or_o of_o real_a and_o solid_a wealth_n in_o the_o world_n be_v the_o product_n of_o this_o paction_n and_o the_o child_n of_o belove_a propriety_n and_o they_o who_o will_v strangle_v this_o issue_n desire_v to_o demolish_v all_o building_n eradicate_v all_o plantation_n to_o make_v the_o earth_n barren_a and_o mankind_n to_o live_v again_o in_o tent_n and_o nurish_v his_o cattle_n by_o successive_a march_n into_o those_o field_n where_o the_o grass_n grow_v nothing_o but_o the_o joy_n in_o propriety_n reduce_v we_o from_o this_o barbarity_n and_o nothing_o but_o security_n in_o the_o same_o can_v preserve_v we_o from_o return_v into_o it_o again_o nor_o will_v any_o man_n receive_v so_o great_a prejudice_n and_o damage_n by_o this_o return_n as_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n themselves_o who_o have_v a_o very_a ample_a recompense_n which_o they_o still_o enjoy_v by_o divide_v their_o unprofitable_a propriety_n with_o their_o subject_n have_v ever_o since_o receive_v much_o more_o profit_n from_o the_o propriety_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o subject_n than_o they_o do_v when_o it_o be_v in_o their_o own_o or_o then_o they_o do_v from_o that_o which_o they_o reserve_v to_o themselves_o and_o they_o continue_v to_o have_v the_o more_o or_o less_o
such_o constitution_n of_o he_o can_v be_v repeal_v and_o make_v void_a but_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o with_o his_o consent_n but_o we_o say_v that_o he_o may_v prescribe_v or_o consent_v to_o such_o a_o method_n in_o the_o form_n and_o make_v these_o law_n that_o be_v once_o make_v by_o he_o he_o can_v but_o in_o the_o same_o form_n repeal_n or_o alter_v they_o and_o he_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o justice_n to_o observe_v and_o perform_v this_o contract_n and_o he_o can_v break_v it_o or_o absolve_v himself_o from_o the_o observation_n of_o it_o without_o violation_n of_o justice_n and_o any_o far_a obligation_n upon_o he_o then_o of_o justice_n i_o discourse_v not_o of_o for_o the_o better_a clear_n of_o this_o to_o that_o kind_n of_o reason_n by_o which_o mr._n hobbes_n be_v sway_v let_v we_o suppose_v this_o sovereignty_n to_o reside_v and_o be_v fix_v in_o a_o assembly_n of_o man_n in_o which_o kind_n of_o government_n it_o be_v possible_a to_o find_v more_o mark_n and_o footstep_n of_o such_o a_o depute_v and_o assign_v of_o interest_n as_o mr._n hobbes_n be_v full_a of_o than_o we_o can_v possible_o imagine_v in_o the_o original_a institution_n of_o monarchy_n if_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v depute_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o fifteen_o and_o any_o vacant_a place_n to_o be_v supply_v by_o the_o same_o authority_n that_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o first_o fifteen_o may_v there_o not_o at_o that_o time_n of_o the_o election_n certain_a rule_n be_v prescribe_v i_o do_v not_o say_v condition_n for_o the_o better_a exercise_n of_o that_o sovereign_a power_n and_o by_o the_o accept_n the_o power_n thus_o explain_v do_v not_o the_o sovereign_n though_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o oath_n administer_v for_o the_o observation_n thereof_o which_o be_v a_o circumstance_n admit_v by_o most_o monarch_n tacit_o covenant_n that_o he_o will_v observe_v those_o rule_n and_o if_o he_o do_v wilful_o decline_v those_o rule_n do_v he_o not_o break_v the_o trust_n repose_v in_o he_o i_o do_v not_o say_v forfeit_a the_o trust_n as_o if_o the_o sovereignty_n be_v at_o a_o end_n but_o break_v that_o trust_n violate_v that_o justice_n he_o shall_v observe_v if_o the_o sovereign_a power_n of_o fifteen_o shall_v raise_v a_o imposition_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n if_o they_o shall_v appoint_v this_o whole_a imposition_n to_o be_v pay_v only_o by_o those_o who_o name_n be_v thomas_n when_o thomas_n be_v before_o in_o no_o more_o prejudice_n with_o the_o commonwealth_n than_o any_o other_o appellation_n in_o baptism_n may_v not_o this_o inequality_n be_v call_v a_o violation_n of_o justice_n and_o a_o breach_n of_o trust_n since_o it_o can_v be_v suppose_v that_o such_o a_o irregular_a authority_n be_v ever_o commit_v to_o any_o man_n or_o man_n by_o any_o deputation_n of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o necessity_n to_o swerve_v from_o rule_n prescribe_v or_o to_o violate_v law_n tho_o swear_v to_o shall_v be_v speak_v to_o in_o its_o due_a time_n it_o need_v not_o be_v suppose_v but_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o the_o law_n of_o every_o country_n contain_v more_o in_o they_o concern_v the_o right_n of_o the_o sovereign_n and_o the_o common_a administration_n of_o justice_n to_o the_o people_n then_o can_v be_v know_v to_o and_o understand_v by_o the_o person_n of_o the_o sovereign_n and_o he_o can_v as_o well_o fight_v all_o his_o battle_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o sword_n as_o determine_v all_o cause_n of_o right_a by_o his_o own_o tongue_n and_o understanding_n the_o consequence_n of_o any_o confusion_n which_o mr._n hobbes_n can_v suppose_v will_v not_o be_v more_o pernicious_a then_o that_o which_o will_v follow_v the_o blow_n away_o all_o these_o maxim_n of_o the_o law_n if_o the_o king_n breath_n be_v strong_a enough_o to_o do_v it_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n in_o the_o law_n as_o be_v say_v before_o that_o the_o elder_a son_n shall_v inherit_v and_o that_o if_o three_o or_o four_o female_n be_v heir_n the_o inheritance_n shall_v be_v equal_o divide_v between_o they_o do_v mr._n hobbes_n believe_v that_o the_o word_n of_o the_o king_n have_v power_n to_o change_v this_o course_n and_o to_o appoint_v that_o all_o the_o son_n shall_v divide_v the_o estate_n and_o the_o elder_a daughter_n inherit_v alone_o and_o must_v not_o all_o the_o confusion_n imaginable_a attend_v such_o a_o mutation_n all_o government_n subsist_v and_o be_v establish_v by_o firmness_n and_o constancy_n by_o every_o man_n know_v what_o be_v his_o right_n to_o enjoy_v and_o what_o be_v his_o duty_n to_o do_v and_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a method_n to_o make_v this_o government_n more_o perfect_a and_o more_o durable_a by_o introduce_v such_o a_o incertainty_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v know_v what_o he_o be_v to_o do_v nor_o what_o he_o be_v to_o suffer_v but_o that_o he_o who_o be_v sovereign_a to_o morrow_n may_v cancel_v and_o dissolve_v all_o that_o be_v do_v or_o consent_v to_o by_o the_o sovereign_n who_o be_v yesterday_o or_o by_o himself_o as_o often_o as_o he_o change_v his_o mind_n it_o be_v the_o king_n office_n to_o cause_v his_o law_n to_o be_v execute_v and_o to_o compel_v his_o subject_n to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o they_o and_o in_o order_n thereunto_o to_o make_v choice_n of_o learned_a judge_n to_o interpret_v those_o law_n and_o to_o declare_v the_o intention_n of_o they_o who_o pag._n 140_o by_o a_o artificial_a perfection_n of_o reason_n get_v by_o long_a study_n and_o experience_n in_o the_o law_n must_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v more_o competent_a for_o that_o determination_n than_o mr._n hobbes_n can_v be_v for_o the_o alteration_n of_o law_n and_o government_n by_o the_o artificial_a reason_n he_o have_v attain_v to_o by_o long_a study_n of_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n no_o eminent_a lawyer_n have_v ever_o say_v that_o the_o two_o arm_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v force_n and_o justice_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v in_o the_o king_n the_o other_o deposit_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o parliament_n but_o all_o lawyer_n know_v that_o they_o be_v equal_o deposit_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n and_o that_o all_o justice_n be_v administer_v by_o he_o and_o in_o his_o name_n and_o all_o man_n acknowledge_v that_o all_o the_o law_n be_v his_o law_n his_o consent_n and_o authority_n only_o give_v the_o power_n and_o name_n of_o a_o law_n what_o concurrence_n or_o formality_n soever_o have_v contribute_v towards_o it_o the_o question_n only_o be_v whether_o he_o can_v repeal_v or_o vacate_v such_o a_o law_n without_o the_o same_o concurrence_n and_o formality_n and_o methinks_v the_o instance_n he_o make_v of_o a_o prince_n pag._n 139._o subdue_a another_o people_n and_o consent_v that_o they_o shall_v live_v and_o be_v govern_v according_a to_o those_o law_n under_o which_o they_o be_v bear_v and_o by_o which_o they_o be_v former_o govern_v shall_v manifest_v to_o he_o the_o contrary_a for_o though_o it_o be_v confess_v that_o those_o old_a law_n become_v new_a by_o this_o consent_n of_o he_o the_o law_n of_o the_o legislator_n that_o be_v of_o that_o sovereign_n who_o indulge_v the_o use_n of_o they_o yet_o he_o can_v say_v that_o he_o can_v by_o his_o word_n vacate_v and_o repeal_v those_o law_n and_o his_o own_o concession_n without_o dissolve_v all_o the_o ligament_n of_o government_n and_o without_o the_o violation_n of_o faith_n which_o himself_o confess_v to_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n notwithstanding_o that_o the_o law_n be_v reason_n and_o pag._n 139._o not_o the_o letter_n but_o that_o which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o legislator_n that_o be_v of_o the_o sovereign_n be_v the_o law_n yet_o when_o there_o be_v any_o difficulty_n in_o the_o understanding_n the_o law_n the_o interpretation_n thereof_o may_v reasonable_o belong_v to_o learned_a judge_n who_o by_o their_o education_n and_o the_o testimony_n of_o their_o know_a ability_n before_o they_o be_v make_v judge_n and_o by_o their_o oath_n to_o judge_n according_a to_o right_n be_v the_o most_o competent_a to_o explain_v those_o difficulty_n which_o no_o sovereign_a as_o sovereign_n can_v be_v presume_v to_o understand_v or_o comprehend_v and_o the_o judgement_n and_o decision_n those_o judge_n make_v be_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o sovereign_n who_o have_v qualify_v they_o to_o be_v judge_n and_o who_o be_v to_o pronounce_v their_o sentence_n according_a to_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n not_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o sovereign_n and_o therefore_o mr._n hobbes_n will_v make_v a_o very_a ignorant_a judge_n when_o he_o will_v not_o have_v he_o verse_v in_o the_o study_n of_o the_o law_n but_o only_o a_o man_n of_o good_a natural_a reason_n and_o of_o a_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o yet_o he_o say_v pag._n 154._o that_o
word_n countenance_n or_o gesture_n declare_v hatred_n or_o contemt_a of_o another_o if_o all_o man_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n pag._n 78._o that_o they_o that_o be_v at_o controversy_n submit_v their_o right_n to_o the_o judgement_n of_o a_o arbitrator_n as_o he_o say_v they_o be_v if_o nature_n have_v thus_o provident_o provide_v for_o the_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o her_o child_n by_o law_n immutable_a and_o eternal_a that_o be_v write_v in_o their_o heart_n how_o come_v they_o to_o fall_v into_o that_o condition_n of_o war_n as_o to_o be_v every_o one_o against_o every_o one_o and_o to_o be_v without_o any_o other_o cardinal_a virtue_n but_o of_o force_n and_o fraud_n it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v so_o sharp-sighted_a as_o to_o discern_v mankind_n so_o well_o enclose_v and_o fortify_v by_o the_o wisdom_n of_o nature_n and_o so_o blind_a as_o to_o think_v he_o in_o a_o more_o secure_a estate_n by_o his_o transfer_v of_o right_a to_o another_o man_n which_o yet_o he_o confess_v be_v impossible_a entire_o to_o transfer_v and_o by_o covenant_n and_o contract_n of_o his_o own_o devise_v and_o which_o he_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v void_a in_o part_n and_o in_o other_o part_n impossibe_v to_o be_v perform_v but_o i_o say_v if_o in_o truth_n nature_n have_v dictate_v all_o those_o excellent_a conclusion_n to_o every_o man_n without_o which_o they_o can_v be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o if_o it_o have_v far_a institute_v all_o those_o duty_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o second_o table_n all_o which_o he_o say_v be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n i_o know_v not_o what_o temptation_n or_o authority_n he_o can_v have_v to_o pronounce_v mankind_n to_o be_v leave_v by_o nature_n in_o that_o distract_a condition_n of_o war_n except_o he_o prefer_v the_o authority_n of_o ovid_n metamorphosis_n of_o the_o sow_v of_o cadmus_n tooth_n before_o any_o other_o scripture_n divine_a or_o humane_a and_o it_o be_v as_o strange_a that_o by_o his_o covenant_n and_o contract_n which_o he_o be_v so_o wary_a in_o word_v as_o if_o he_o be_v the_o secretary_n of_o nature_n that_o they_o may_v bind_v that_o man_n fast_o enough_o who_o he_o please_v to_o assign_v to_o those_o bond_n and_o as_o if_o he_o be_v the_o pleâ—potentiary_n of_o nature_n too_o to_o bind_v and_o to_o loose_v all_o he_o think_v fit_a he_o have_v so_o ill_o provide_v for_o the_o peace_n he_o will_v establish_v that_o he_o have_v leave_v a_o door_n open_a for_o all_o the_o confusion_n he_o will_v avoid_v when_o notwithstanding_o that_o he_o have_v make_v they_o divest_v themselves_o of_o the_o liberty_n they_o have_v by_o nature_n and_o transfer_v all_o this_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o single_a person_n who_o thereby_o be_v so_o absolute_a sovereign_n that_o he_o may_v take_v their_o life_n and_o their_o estate_n from_o they_o without_o any_o act_n of_o injustice_n yet_o after_o all_o this_o transfer_v and_o divest_v every_o man_n reserve_v a_o right_n as_o unalienable_a to_o defend_v his_o own_o life_n even_o against_o the_o sentence_n of_o justice_n what_o great_a contradiction_n can_v there_o be_v to_o the_o peace_n which_o he_o will_v establish_v upon_o those_o unreasonable_a condition_n than_o this_o liberty_n which_o he_o say_v can_v never_o be_v abandon_v and_o which_o yet_o may_v dissolve_v that_o peace_n every_o day_n and_o yet_o he_o say_v pag._n 70._o this_o be_v grant_v to_o be_v true_a by_o all_o man_n in_o that_o they_o lead_v criminal_n to_o execution_n and_o prison_n with_o arm_a man_n notwithstanding_o such_o criminal_n have_v consent_v to_o the_o law_n by_o which_o they_o be_v condemn_v which_o indeed_o in_o a_o argument_n that_o man_n have_v rather_o escape_v then_o be_v hang_v but_o no_o more_o a_o argument_n that_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o rescue_v themselves_o than_o the_o fashion_n of_o wear_v sword_n be_v a_o argument_n that_o man_n be_v afraid_a of_o have_v their_o throat_n cuâ—_n by_o the_o malice_n of_o their_o neighbour_n both_o which_o be_v argument_n no_o man_n will_v urge_v to_o man_n who_o understanding_n he_o do_v not_o much_o undervalue_n but_o upon_o many_o of_o these_o particular_n there_o be_v a_o more_o proper_a occasion_n hereafter_o for_o enlargement_n and_o so_o we_o pass_v through_o his_o prospect_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o many_o other_o definition_n and_o description_n with_o liberty_n to_o take_v review_n of_o they_o upon_o occasion_n that_o we_o may_v make_v haste_n to_o his_o second_o part_n for_o which_o he_o think_v he_o have_v make_v a_o good_a preparation_n to_o impose_v upon_o we_o in_o this_o first_o and_o he_o will_v often_o tell_v we_o when_o he_o shall_v prove_v what_o he_o affirm_v that_o he_o have_v evince_v that_o point_n and_o make_v it_o evident_a in_o such_o a_o chapter_n in_o his_o first_o part_n where_o in_o truth_n he_o have_v say_v very_o much_o and_o prove_v very_o little_a i_o shall_v only_o conclude_v this_o with_o a_o observation_n which_o the_o place_n seem_v to_o require_v of_o the_o defect_n in_o mr._n hobbes_n logic_n which_o be_v a_o great_a presumption_n that_o from_o very_o true_a proposition_n he_o deduce_v very_o erroneous_a and_o absurd_a conclusion_n that_o no_o man_n have_v power_n to_o transfer_v the_o right_n over_o his_o own_o life_n to_o the_o disposal_n of_o another_o man_n be_v a_o very_a true_a proposition_n from_o whence_o he_o infer_v that_o he_o have_v reserve_v the_o power_n and_o disposal_n of_o it_o to_o himself_o and_o therefore_o that_o he_o may_v defend_v it_o by_o force_n even_o against_o the_o judgement_n of_o law_n and_o justice_n whereas_o the_o natural_a consequence_n of_o that_o proposition_n be_v that_o therefore_o such_o transfer_v and_o covenant_v be_v void_a can_v provide_v for_o the_o peace_n and_o security_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n without_o doubt_n no_o man_n be_v dominus_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la suae_fw-la and_o therefore_o can_v give_v that_o to_o another_o which_o he_o have_v not_o in_o himself_o god_n only_o have_v reserve_v that_o absolute_a dominion_n and_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n to_o himself_o and_o by_o his_o put_v the_o sword_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n have_v qualify_v and_o enable_v he_o to_o execute_v that_o justice_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o peace_n and_o preservation_n of_o his_o people_n which_o may_v seem_v in_o a_o manner_n to_o be_v provide_v for_o by_o mr._n hobbes_n law_n of_o nature_n if_o what_o he_o say_v be_v true_a pag._n 68_o that_o right_a to_o the_o end_n contain_v right_a to_o the_o mean_n and_o this_o sole_a proposition_n that_o man_n can_v dispose_v of_o their_o own_o life_n have_v be_v always_o hold_v as_o a_o manifest_a and_o undeniable_a argument_n that_o sovereign_n never_o have_v nor_o can_v have_v their_o power_n from_o the_o people_n second_o part._n the_o survey_n of_o chapter_n 17_o 18._o mr._n hobbes_n have_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o imitate_v god_n and_o create_v man_n after_o his_o own_o likeness_n give_v he_o all_o the_o passion_n and_o affection_n which_o he_o find_v in_o himself_o and_o no_o other_o he_o prescribe_v he_o to_o judge_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o word_n according_a to_o the_o definition_n he_o set_v down_o with_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o creator_n after_o he_o have_v delight_v himself_o in_o a_o commendable_a method_n and_o very_o witty_a and_o pleasant_a description_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o humour_n of_o the_o world_n as_o far_o as_o he_o be_v acquaint_v with_o it_o upon_o many_o particular_n whereof_o which_o he_o call_v definition_n there_o will_v be_v frequent_a occasion_n of_o reflection_n in_o this_o discourse_n without_o break_v the_o thread_n of_o it_o by_o enter_v upon_o impertinent_a exception_n to_o matter_n positive_o aver_v without_o any_o apparent_a reason_n when_o it_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o no_o he_o come_v at_o last_o to_o institute_v such_o a_o commonwealth_n as_o never_o be_v in_o nature_n or_o ever_o hear_v of_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n till_o this_o structure_n of_o he_o and_o like_o a_o bountiful_a creator_n give_v the_o man_n he_o have_v make_v the_o sovereign_a command_n and_o government_n of_o it_o with_o such_o a_o extent_n of_o power_n and_o authority_n as_o the_o great_a turk_n have_v not_o yet_o appear_v to_o affect_v in_o which_o it_o be_v probable_a he_o have_v follow_v his_o first_o method_n and_o for_o the_o man_n after_o his_o own_o likeness_n have_v create_v a_o government_n that_o he_o will_v himself_o like_v to_o be_v trust_v with_o have_v determine_v liberty_n and_o propriety_n and_o religion_n to_o be_v only_o emty_a word_n and_o to_o have_v no_o other_o existence_n then_o in_o the_o will_n and_o breast_n of_o his_o sovereign_a governor_n and_o all_o this_o in_o
we_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n found_v upon_o our_o own_o consent_n to_o pretend_v neither_o to_o liberty_n or_o property_n other_o than_o our_o governor_n think_v fit_a to_o indulge_v to_o we_o he_o must_v be_v content_v not_o to_o be_v believe_v or_o must_v vouchsafe_a to_o tell_v we_o when_o and_o where_o that_o consent_n of_o we_o be_v give_v and_o we_o submit_v to_o those_o obligation_n and_o it_o will_v be_v no_o kind_n of_o answer_n of_o satisfaction_n to_o say_v magisterial_o that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o so_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o for_o our_o good_a which_o we_o clear_o find_v will_v turn_v to_o our_o irreparable_a damage_n and_o destruction_n and_o it_o be_v a_o very_a confident_a thing_n that_o he_o shall_v hope_v to_o support_v his_o sovereign_a right_n in_o so_o unlimited_a a_o extent_n upon_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n because_o p._n 176._o that_o forbid_v the_o violation_n of_o faith_n without_o be_v press_v to_o tell_v we_o when_o and_o where_o that_o faith_n be_v give_v that_o be_v so_o obligatory_a and_o the_o violation_n whereof_o must_v be_v so_o penal_a but_o it_o be_v more_o prodigious_o bold_a to_o confess_v upon_o the_o matter_n that_o there_o have_v not_o hitherto_o be_v any_o commonwealth_n where_o those_o right_n have_v be_v acknowledge_v or_o challenge_v and_o to_o undervalue_v the_o argument_n by_o make_v it_o as_o ridiculous_a as_o if_o the_o savage_a people_n of_o america_n shall_v deny_v there_o be_v any_o ground_n or_o principle_n of_o reason_n so_o to_o build_v as_o their_o architecture_n be_v not_o yet_o arrive_v at_o so_o he_o think_v that_o though_o his_o savage_a countryman_n and_o neighbour_n have_v yet_o only_o be_v accustom_v to_o government_n imperfect_a &_o apt_a to_o relapse_n into_o disorder_n he_o have_v find_v out_o principle_n by_o industrious_a meditation_n to_o make_v their_o constitution_n everlasting_a and_o true_o he_o have_v some_o reason_n to_o be_v confident_a of_o his_o principle_n if_o though_o they_o can_v be_v prove_v by_o reason_n he_o be_v sure_a they_o be_v principle_n from_o authority_n of_o scripture_n as_o he_o profess_v they_o to_o be_v and_o which_o must_v be_v examine_v in_o its_o course_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o may_v be_v think_v to_o be_v too_o indulgent_a to_o his_o sovereign_a governor_n and_o very_o near_o to_o contradict_v himself_o that_o after_o he_o have_v make_v the_o keep_n and_o observation_n of_o promise_n to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v unalterable_a and_o eternal_a and_o so_o the_o ground_n and_o foundation_n of_o that_o obedience_n which_o the_o subject_n must_v render_v how_o tyrannical_o soever_o exact_v yet_o all_o covenant_n enter_v into_o by_o the_o sovereign_a to_o be_v void_a and_o that_o to_o imagine_v that_o he_o be_v or_o can_v be_v bind_v to_o perform_v any_o promise_n or_o covenant_n proceed_v only_o from_o want_n of_o understanding_n and_o it_o will_v be_v worth_a his_o pain_n to_o consider_v whether_o the_o assign_v such_o a_o power_n to_o his_o governor_n or_o the_o absolve_v he_o from_o all_o covenant_n and_o promise_n be_v a_o rational_a way_n to_o establish_v such_o a_o peace_n as_o be_v the_o end_n of_o government_n and_o since_o he_o confess_v the_o just_a government_n may_v be_v overthrow_v by_o force_n it_o ought_v prudent_o to_o be_v consider_v what_o be_v like_a to_o prevent_v that_o force_n as_o well_o as_o what_o the_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o consent_v to_o and_o whether_o the_o people_n may_v not_o be_v very_o natural_o dispose_v to_o use_v that_o force_n against_o he_o that_o declare_v himself_o to_o be_v absolve_v from_o all_o oath_n covenant_n and_o promise_n and_o whether_o any_o obligation_n of_o reason_n or_o justice_n can_v establish_v the_o government_n in_o he_o who_o find_v it_o upon_o so_o unrighteous_a a_o determination_n if_o mr._n hobbes_n do_v not_o affect_v to_o be_v of_o the_o humour_n of_o those_o unreasonable_a gamester_n which_o he_o say_v pag._n 19_o be_v intolerable_a in_o the_o society_n of_o man_n who_o will_v after_o trump_n be_v turn_v use_v for_o trump_n upon_o every_o occasion_n that_o suit_n whereof_o they_o have_v most_o in_o their_o hand_n who_o he_o liken_n to_o those_o man_n who_o clamour_n and_o demand_v right_a reason_n for_o judge_n yet_o seek_v no_o more_o but_o that_o thing_n shall_v be_v determine_v by_o no_o other_o man_n reason_n then_o their_o own_o i_o say_v if_o mr._n hobbes_n be_v not_o possess_v by_o his_o supercilious_a spirit_n which_o he_o condemn_v since_o this_o his_o institution_n of_o sovereignty_n be_v a_o mere_a imagination_n he_o may_v with_o as_o much_o reason_n if_o he_o will_v have_v be_v please_v to_o have_v call_v it_o so_o because_o it_o will_v have_v carry_v with_o it_o more_o equality_n and_o consequent_o more_o security_n have_v suppose_v a_o covenant_n to_o be_v on_o the_o sovereign_n part_n which_o that_o he_o may_v not_o do_v he_o will_v not_o admit_v that_o they_o who_o be_v his_o subject_n make_v any_o covenant_n with_o their_o sovereign_n to_o obey_v he_o which_o if_o he_o do_v he_o can_v as_o well_o covenant_n again_o with_o they_o to_o govern_v righteous_o without_o make_v they_o the_o judge_n of_o his_o justice_n or_o himself_o liable_a to_o their_o control_n and_o jurisdiction_n so_o that_o the_o sovereign_n have_v no_o security_n for_o the_o obedience_n of_o his_o people_n but_o the_o promise_n they_o have_v make_v to_o each_o other_o and_o consequent_o if_o they_o rebel_v against_o he_o he_o can_v complain_v of_o any_o injustice_n do_v to_o he_o because_o they_o have_v break_v no_o promise_n they_o make_v to_o he_o and_o true_o by_o his_o own_o logic_n they_o may_v release_v to_o one_o another_o when_o they_o think_v it_o convenient_a whereas_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v mutual_a i_o do_v not_o say_v conditional_a the_o sovereign_n must_v not_o be_v at_o the_o mercy_n of_o his_o subject_n but_o as_o they_o put_v themselves_o under_o his_o power_n so_o he_o promise_v they_o not_o to_o use_v that_o power_n wanton_o or_o tyrannical_o which_o will_v be_v a_o proper_a and_o significant_a word_n against_o all_o his_o interpretation_n by_o which_o they_o have_v as_o much_o obligation_n upon_o he_o to_o be_v just_a as_o he_o have_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v obedient_a which_o be_v no_o other_o then_o that_o they_o swarve_v from_o justice_n if_o they_o withdraw_v their_o obedience_n from_o he_o this_o have_v be_v a_o more_o natural_a and_o equitable_a institution_n and_o more_o like_a to_o have_v last_v have_v in_o it_o the_o true_a essential_a form_n of_o contract_n in_o which_o it_o will_v never_o be_v find_v that_o one_o party_n covenant_n and_o the_o other_o not_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n mr._n hobbes_n himself_o give_v why_o no_o covenant_n can_v be_v make_v with_o god_n and_o that_o pag._n 89._o the_o pretence_n of_o covenant_n with_o god_n be_v so_o evident_a a_o lie_n even_o in_o the_o pretender_n own_o conscience_n that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o â—n_v act_n of_o a_o unjust_a but_o also_o of_o a_o vile_a and_o unmanly_a disposition_n which_o assertion_n be_v destructive_a of_o our_o religion_n and_o against_o the_o express_a sense_n of_o scripture_n the_o impossibility_n allege_v for_o such_o a_o covenant_n because_o it_o can_v not_o be_v do_v before_o he_o be_v sovereign_a for_o that_o the_o subject_n who_o submit_v to_o he_o be_v not_o yet_o one_o person_n and_o after_o he_o be_v sovereign_a what_o he_o do_v be_v void_a be_v but_o a_o fancy_n of_o word_n which_o have_v no_o solid_a signification_n nor_o be_v the_o instance_n which_o he_o give_v of_o the_o popular_a government_n by_o which_o he_o will_v make_v the_o imagination_n of_o such_o a_o covenant_n ridiculous_a of_o any_o importance_n for_o he_o say_v pag._n 90._o no_o man_n be_v so_o dull_a as_o to_o say_v that_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n make_v a_o covenant_n with_o the_o roman_n to_o hold_v the_o soveraignâ—y_n on_o such_o or_o such_o condition_n which_o not_o perform_v the_o roman_n may_v lawful_o depose_v the_o roman_a people_n which_o be_v according_a to_o his_o usual_a practice_n to_o put_v a_o objection_n into_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o foolish_a adversary_n to_o make_v his_o reader_n merry_a and_o yet_o he_o lay_v so_o much_o weight_n upon_o it_o that_o he_o say_v it_o be_v only_o over_o inclination_n to_o a_o popular_a government_n that_o man_n do_v not_o see_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n with_o reference_n to_o monarchy_n and_o so_o there_o be_v and_o the_o reason_n good_a to_o either_o for_o do_v not_o every_o man_n know_v that_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o government_n of_o rome_n that_o when_o the_o sovereignty_n be_v entire_o vest_v in_o the_o senate_n and_o have_v long_o be_v so_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n make_v a_o great_a alteration_n in_o
injury_n the_o contrary_a whereof_o he_o say_v he_o have_v show_v already_o for_o he_o take_v it_o as_o grant_v that_o all_o that_o he_o have_v say_v he_o have_v prove_v and_o if_o he_o have_v not_o he_o have_v do_v it_o now_o substantial_o by_o the_o example_n of_o jepthah_n in_o cause_v his_o daughter_n to_o be_v sacrifice_v of_o which_o he_o be_v not_o sure_a and_o by_o david_n kill_v vriah_n which_o he_o say_v though_o it_o be_v against_o equity_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o injury_n to_o vriah_n because_o the_o right_n be_v give_v he_o by_o vriah_n which_o i_o dare_v swear_v vriah_n never_o know_v he_o have_v do_v and_o by_o such_o unnatural_a argument_n he_o will_v persuade_v man_n to_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v undo_v very_o like_o those_o which_o the_o stoic_n as_o obstinate_o maintain_v that_o a_o wise_a man_n can_v not_o be_v injure_v because_o he_o be_v not_o capable_a nor_o sensible_a of_o it_o but_o i_o wonder_v more_o that_o he_o do_v not_o discern_v what_o every_o other_o man_n can_v but_o discern_v that_o by_o his_o so_o liberal_a take_v away_o he_o have_v not_o leave_v the_o subject_a any_o thing_n to_o enjoy_v even_o of_o those_o narrow_a concession_n which_o he_o have_v make_v to_o he_o for_o how_o can_v any_o man_n believe_v that_o he_o have_v liberty_n to_o buy_v and_o sell_v when_o the_o sovereign_a power_n can_v present_o take_v away_o what_o he_o have_v sell_v from_o he_o who_o have_v buy_v it_o and_o consequent_o no_o man_n can_v sell_v or_o buy_v to_o any_o purpose_n who_o can_v say_v that_o he_o can_v choose_v his_o own_o abode_n or_o his_o own_o trade_n of_o life_n or_o any_o thing_n when_o assoon_o as_o he_o have_v choose_v either_o he_o shall_v be_v require_v to_o go_v to_o a_o place_n where_o he_o have_v no_o mind_n to_o go_v and_o to_o do_v somewhat_o he_o will_v not_o choose_v to_o do_v for_o his_o person_n be_v no_o more_o at_o his_o own_o disposal_n than_o his_o good_n be_v so_o that_o he_o may_v as_o gracious_o retain_v to_o himself_o all_o that_o he_o have_v grant_v whether_o the_o sovereign_a power_n or_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n receive_v the_o great_a injury_n and_o prejudice_n by_o this_o brief_a state_n and_o description_n he_o make_v of_o the_o no_o liberty_n that_o be_v the_o portion_n he_o leave_v to_o the_o subject_a will_v be_v a_o great_a question_n if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v please_v himself_o to_o determine_v that_o his_o subject_n for_o god_n forbid_v that_o any_o other_o prince_n shall_v have_v such_o a_o subject_a be_v not_o capable_a of_o a_o injury_n by_o which_o the_o whole_a mischief_n be_v like_a to_o fall_v upon_o the_o sovereign_n and_o what_o great_a mischief_n and_o ruin_n can_v threaten_v the_o great_a prince_n then_o that_o their_o subject_n shall_v believe_v that_o all_o the_o liberty_n they_o have_v consist_v only_o in_o those_o thing_n which_o the_o sovereign_n have_v hitherto_o pretermit_v that_o be_v which_o he_o have_v not_o yet_o take_v from_o they_o but_o when_o he_o please_v in_o regulate_v their_o action_n to_o determine_v the_o contrary_a they_o shall_v then_o have_v neither_o liberty_n to_o buy_v or_o sell_v nor_o to_o contract_v with_o each_o other_o to_o choose_v their_o own_o abode_n their_o own_o diet_n their_o own_o trade_n of_o life_n or_o to_o breed_v their_o own_o child_n and_o to_o make_v their_o misery_n complete_a and_o their_o life_n as_o little_a their_o own_o as_o the_o rest_n that_o nothing_o the_o sovereign_n can_v do_v to_o his_o subject_n on_o what_o pretence_n soever_o as_o well_o in_o order_n to_o the_o take_v away_o his_o life_n as_o his_o estate_n can_v be_v call_v injustice_n or_o injury_n i_o say_v what_o great_a insecurity_n can_v any_o prince_n be_v in_o or_o under_o then_o to_o depend_v upon_o such_o subject_n and_o alas_o what_o security_n to_o himself_o or_o they_o can_v the_o sword_n in_o his_o hand_n be_v if_o no_o other_o hand_n be_v lift_v up_o on_o his_o behalf_n or_o the_o sword_n in_o all_o other_o hand_n be_v direct_v against_o he_o that_o he_o may_v not_o cut_v off_o their_o head_n when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o and_o it_o be_v not_o mr._n hobbes_n authority_n that_o will_v make_v it_o believe_v that_o he_o who_o desire_v more_o liberty_n demand_v a_o exemtion_n from_o all_o law_n by_o which_o all_o other_o man_n may_v be_v master_n of_o their_o life_n and_o that_o every_o subject_a be_v author_n of_o every_o act_n the_o sovereign_n do_v upon_o the_o extravagant_a supposition_n of_o a_o consent_n that_o never_o be_v give_v and_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o have_v be_v give_v must_v have_v be_v void_a at_o the_o instant_n it_o be_v give_v by_o mr._n hobbes_n own_o rule_n as_o shall_v be_v make_v out_o in_o its_o place_n he_o himself_o confess_v pag._n 295._o and_o say_v it_o be_v evident_a to_o the_o mean_a capacity_n that_o man_n action_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o opinion_n they_o have_v of_o the_o good_a and_o evil_n which_o from_o those_o action_n redound_v unto_o themselves_o and_o consequent_o man_n that_o be_v once_o possess_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o their_o obedience_n to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n will_v be_v more_o hurtful_a to_o they_o then_o their_o disobedience_n will_v disobey_v the_o law_n and_o thereby_o overthrow_v the_o commonwealth_n and_o introduce_v confusion_n and_o civil_a war_n for_o the_o avoid_v whereof_o all_o civil_a government_n be_v ordain_v if_o this_o be_v true_a as_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v be_v it_o possible_a that_o any_o man_n can_v believe_v that_o the_o people_n for_o we_o speak_v not_o of_o convince_a the_o philosopher_n and_o the_o mathematician_n but_o of_o the_o general_a affection_n of_o the_o people_n which_o must_v dispose_v they_o to_o obedience_n that_o they_o can_v be_v persuade_v by_o a_o long_a train_n of_o consesequence_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n and_o the_o end_n of_o government_n and_o the_o institution_n thereof_o by_o contract_n and_o covenant_n of_o which_o they_o never_o hear_v to_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v best_o for_o they_o to_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o nakedness_n in_o which_o they_o be_v create_v for_o fear_v their_o clothes_n may_v be_v steal_v from_o they_o and_o that_o they_o have_v part_v with_o their_o liberty_n to_o save_v their_o life_n there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o of_o all_o calamity_n the_o calamity_n of_o war_n be_v great_a and_o the_o rage_n and_o uncharitableness_n of_o civil_a war_n most_o formidable_a of_o all_o war._n indeed_o foreign_a war_n seldom_o destroy_v a_o nation_n without_o domestic_a combination_n and_o conspiracy_n which_o make_v a_o complication_n with_o civil_a war_n and_o sure_o nothing_o can_v more_o inevitable_o produce_v that_o than_o a_o universal_a opinion_n in_o the_o people_n that_o their_o sovereign_n can_v take_v from_o they_o all_o they_o have_v whenever_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o it_o and_o their_o life_n to_o without_o any_o injustice_n and_o consequent_o that_o their_o obedience_n to_o he_o will_v be_v more_o hurtful_a to_o they_o then_o their_o disobedience_n so_o well_o have_v he_o provide_v for_o the_o security_n of_o his_o sovereign_n if_o his_o doctrine_n be_v believe_v mr._n hobbes_n be_v too_o much_o conversant_a in_o both_o those_o learned_a language_n to_o wish_v that_o the_o western_a world_n be_v deprive_v of_o the_o greek_a and_o latin_a tongue_n for_o any_o mischief_n they_o have_v do_v and_o upon_o my_o conscience_n what_o ever_o error_n may_v have_v be_v bring_v into_o philosophy_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o aristotle_n no_o man_n ever_o grow_v a_o rebel_n by_o read_v he_o and_o if_o the_o great_a monarch_n that_o have_v ever_o be_v in_o the_o world_n except_o the_o monarch_n of_o the_o world_n have_v think_v his_o tutor_n aristotle_n have_v be_v so_o great_a a_o enemy_n to_o monarchy_n yet_o he_o know_v he_o be_v bear_v and_o breed_v in_o a_o republic_n and_o that_o his_o work_n contribute_v so_o much_o to_o sedition_n as_o mr._n hobbes_n suppose_v he_o will_v not_o have_v value_v his_o person_n so_o much_o nor_o read_v his_o work_n with_o such_o diligence_n as_o he_o do_v and_o if_o mr._n hobbes_n will_v take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o insurrection_n and_o the_o civil_a war_n which_o have_v at_o any_o time_n be_v stir_v up_o in_o the_o western_a part_n he_o will_v not_o find_v that_o they_o have_v be_v contrive_v or_o foment_v by_o man_n who_o have_v spend_v much_o time_n in_o the_o read_v greek_n and_o latin_a author_n or_o that_o they_o have_v be_v carry_v on_o upon_o the_o maxim_n and_o principle_n which_o they_o find_v there_o jack_n straw_n and_o wat_n tyler_n who_o insurrection_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o number_n and_o the_o progress_n it_o make_v be_v as_o dangerous_a as_o have_v happen_v in_o
upon_o a_o true_a account_n as_o this_o paction_n be_v the_o more_o or_o less_o exact_o observe_v and_o comply_v with_o mr._n hobbes_n be_v much_o mistake_v in_o his_o historical_a conclusion_n as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n he_o use_v to_o be_v when_o he_o say_v pag._n 129._o that_o the_o conqueror_n and_o his_o successor_n have_v always_o lay_v arbitrary_a tax_n on_o all_o subjest_n land_n except_o he_o call_v what_o have_v be_v do_v by_o the_o free_a consent_n of_o the_o subject_a which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o paction_n to_o be_v the_o arbitrary_a tax_n of_o the_o sovereign_n because_o the_o law_n be_v the_o stamp_n of_o his_o own_o royal_a authority_n and_o if_o such_o arbitrary_a tax_n have_v in_o truth_n at_o any_o time_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o subject_n he_o may_v have_v observe_v for_o sometime_o it_o have_v be_v do_v that_o the_o sovereign_n have_v receive_v much_o more_o damage_n than_o profit_n by_o it_o and_o the_o kingdom_n be_v in_o a_o worse_a state_n of_o security_n than_o it_o be_v before_o nor_o can_v any_o argument_n be_v make_v from_o the_o glory_n and_o prosperity_n of_o some_o crown_n which_o have_v sometime_o exercise_v that_o arbitrary_a power_n and_o reduce_v the_o rule_n they_o ought_v to_o govern_v by_o to_o the_o standard_n of_o their_o own_o will_n which_o yet_o they_o have_v do_v with_o such_o formality_n as_o imply_v the_o consent_n of_o their_o subject_n though_o they_o dare_v not_o but_o consent_n it_o have_v be_v too_o frequent_o see_v too_o that_o the_o hurt_n and_o wound_a patience_n of_o the_o people_n have_v when_o it_o may_v be_v it_o be_v least_o apprehend_v redeem_v themselves_o for_o lâ—sa_fw-la patientia_fw-la est_fw-la furor_fw-la by_o as_o unwarrantable_a rebellion_n from_o unwarrantable_a oppression_n or_o out_o of_o contemt_fw-mi of_o their_o own_o ruin_n because_o they_o have_v so_o little_a comfort_n in_o their_o preservation_n have_v obstinate_o refuse_v to_o give_v any_o assistance_n to_o their_o sovereign_a when_o he_o have_v real_a need_n of_o it_o because_o he_o have_v wanton_o extort_a it_o from_o they_o when_o he_o have_v no_o need_n and_o then_o man_n pay_v too_o dear_a for_o their_o want_n of_o providence_n and_o find_v too_o late_o that_o the_o neglect_n of_o justice_n be_v a_o infallible_a underminer_n how_o undiscerned_a soever_o of_o that_o security_n which_o their_o policy_n will_v raise_v for_o themselves_o in_o the_o place_n of_o that_o which_o wisdom_n and_o justice_n have_v provide_v for_o they_o i_o agree_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o foresee_v what_o the_o expense_n which_o a_o sovereign_n may_v be_v put_v to_o will_v amount_v to_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a by_o land_n or_o otherwise_o to_o set_v aside_o such_o a_o proportion_n as_o be_v necessary_a but_o those_o extraordinary_a occasion_n must_v be_v supply_v by_o such_o extraordinary_a way_n and_o with_o those_o formality_n which_o the_o sovereign_n oblige_v himself_o to_o observe_v by_o observe_v whereof_o much_o less_o inconvenience_n shall_v befall_v he_o or_o the_o public_a then_o by_o cancel_v those_o law_n which_o establish_v propriety_n if_o mr._n hobbes_n have_v not_o be_v a_o profess_a enemy_n to_o greek_a and_o latin_a sentence_n as_o a_o argument_n of_o indisgestion_n when_o they_o come_v up_o again_o unchewed_a and_o unchanged_a he_o may_v have_v learn_v from_o seneca_n who_o understand_v and_o feel_v the_o utmost_a extent_n of_o a_o absolute_a sovereignty_n and_o have_v a_o shrewd_a foresight_n what_o the_o end_n of_o it_o will_v be_v how_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o subject_n may_v well_o consist_v with_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n jure_fw-la civili_fw-la say_v he_o omne_fw-la regis_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o tamen_fw-la illa_fw-la quoâ—um_fw-la ad_fw-la regem_fw-la pertinet_fw-la universap_n ssâ—ssio_fw-la in_fw-la singulos_fw-la dâ—minos_fw-la descripta_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o unâ—quaeque_fw-la res_fw-la habet_fw-la possessorem_fw-la suum_fw-la itaque_fw-la dare_v regi_fw-la &_o domum_fw-la &_o mancipium_fw-la &_o pecuniam_fw-la possumus_fw-la nâ—c_fw-la dâ—nore_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la dicimur_fw-la ad_fw-la reges_fw-la enim_fw-la potestas_fw-la omnium_fw-la pertin_n tâ—ad_fw-la singulos_fw-la proprietas_fw-la and_o that_o prince_n who_o think_v his_o power_n so_o great_a that_o his_o subject_n have_v nothing_o to_o give_v he_o will_v be_v very_o unhappy_a if_o he_o have_v ever_o need_v of_o their_o hand_n or_o their_o heart_n the_o survey_n of_o chapter_n 25._o when_o mr._n hobbes_n have_v erect_v such_o a_o sovereign_n and_o institute_v such_o a_o people_n that_o the_o one_o may_v say_v and_o do_v whatsoever_o he_o find_v convenient_a for_o his_o purpose_n and_o the_o other_o must_v neiâ—her_o say_v or_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v displease_v he_o the_o consideration_n of_o what_o and_o how_o counsel_n shall_v be_v give_v under_o such_o a_o government_n can_v require_v very_o little_a deliberation_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o discourse_n of_o this_o chapter_n with_o the_o difference_n between_o command_n and_o counsel_n be_v more_o vulgar_a and_o pedantic_a than_o he_o be_v usual_o guilty_a of_o and_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o his_o description_n of_o the_o office_n of_o a_o counsellor_n and_o of_o the_o ability_n of_o counsel_v pag._n 134._o that_o it_o proceed_v from_o experience_n and_o long_a study_n and_o that_o it_o require_v great_a knowledge_n of_o the_o disposition_n of_o mankind_n of_o the_o right_n of_o government_n and_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o equity_n law_n justice_n and_o honour_n not_o to_o be_v attain_v without_o study_n and_o of_o the_o strength_n commodity_n place_n boâ—k_v of_o their_o own_o country_n and_o their_o neighbour_n as_o also_o of_o the_o inclination_n and_o design_n of_o all_o nation_n that_o may_v any_o way_n annoy_v they_o and_o this_o he_o say_v be_v not_o attain_v without_o much_o experience_n he_o make_v so_o lively_a a_o representation_n of_o that_o universal_a understanding_n which_o he_o will_v be_v think_v to_o be_v possess_v with_o that_o he_o can_v not_o be_v without_o hope_n that_o câ—omwell_n will_v think_v he_o worthy_a to_o be_v a_o counsellor_n who_o have_v give_v he_o such_o a_o earnest_n that_o he_o will_v serve_v he_o with_o success_n and_o without_o hesitation_n yet_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n if_o to_o ask_v counsel_n of_o another_o be_v to_o permit_v he_o to_o give_v such_o counsel_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v best_a and_o if_o it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o a_o counsellor_n when_o a_o action_n come_v into_o deliberation_n to_o make_v manifest_a the_o consequence_n of_o it_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o he_o that_o be_v counsel_v may_v be_v true_o and_o evident_o inform_v why_o he_o be_v so_o very_o angry_a with_o those_o two_o word_n exhort_v and_o dehort_v as_o to_o brand_v those_o who_o use_v either_o with_o the_o style_n of_o corruption_n and_o be_v bribe_v by_o their_o own_o interest_n since_o it_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o faith_n and_o integrity_n of_o a_o counsellor_n to_o persuade_v he_o that_o ask_v his_o advice_n to_o do_v that_o which_o he_o think_v best_a to_o be_v do_v and_o to_o dissuade_v he_o from_o do_v that_o which_o he_o think_v to_o be_v mischievous_a which_o be_v to_o exhort_v and_o dehort_v and_o the_o example_n of_o person_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o book_n may_v be_v pertinent_o apply_v to_o either_o since_o few_o accident_n fall_v out_o in_o state_n and_o empire_n which_o have_v not_o in_o former_a time_n happen_v in_o such_o conjuncture_n and_o then_o if_o the_o same_o have_v be_v faithful_o represent_v to_o posterity_n with_o all_o the_o circumstance_n and_o success_n which_o be_v the_o natural_a end_n of_o all_o good_a history_n to_o transmit_v nothing_o can_v more_o proper_o be_v reflect_v on_o or_o bring_v clear_a light_n to_o the_o present_a difficulty_n in_o debate_n than_o the_o memory_n of_o what_o be_v upon_o those_o occasion_n do_v fortunate_o or_o unhappy_o leave_v undo_v which_o sure_o can_v but_o introduce_v useful_a and_o pertinent_a reflection_n into_o the_o consultation_n and_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o comprehend_v what_o that_o great_a ability_n be_v which_o his_o counsellor_n be_v to_o attain_v to_o by_o long_a study_n and_o can_v be_v attain_v without_o if_o that_o study_n be_v not_o to_o be_v conversant_a with_o book_n and_o if_o neither_o the_o example_n in_o or_o authority_n of_o book_n be_v in_o any_o degree_n to_o be_v consider_v nor_o be_v such_o expression_n which_o may_v move_v the_o affection_n or_o passion_n of_o he_o who_o ask_v counsel_n or_o of_o those_o who_o be_v to_o give_v it_o repugnant_a to_o the_o office_n of_o a_o counsellor_n since_o the_o end_n of_o counsel_n be_v to_o lead_v man_n to_o choose_v that_o which_o be_v good_a and_o avoid_v that_o which_o be_v worse_o and_o he_o to_o who_o the_o counsel_n be_v give_v will_v best_a judge_n whether_o it_o tend_v to_o other_o end_v rather_o than_o his_o
principle_n against_o law_n lest_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o stand_v or_o fall_v according_a to_o the_o rectitude_n or_o error_n thereof_o though_o every_o instance_n he_o give_v of_o his_o sovereign_n absolute_a power_n make_v it_o the_o more_o unreasonable_a formidable_a and_o odious_a yet_o he_o give_v all_o the_o support_n to_o it_o he_o can_v devise_v and_o indeed_o when_o he_o have_v make_v his_o sovereign_n word_n a_o full_a and_o enact_v law_n he_o have_v reason_n to_o oblige_v his_o subject_n to_o do_v whatsoever_o he_o command_v be_v it_o right_n or_o wrong_n and_o to_o provide_v for_o his_o security_n when_o he_o have_v do_v and_o therefore_o he_o declare_v pag._n 157._o that_o whosoever_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v contrary_a to_o a_o former_a law_n by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o sovereign_n he_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o any_o crime_n and_o so_o can_v be_v punish_v because_o when_o the_o sovereign_n command_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v against_o a_o former_a law_n the_o command_n as_o to_o that_o particular_a fact_n be_v a_o abrogation_n of_o the_o law_n which_o will_v introduce_v a_o licence_n to_o commit_v murder_n or_o any_o other_o crime_n most_o odious_a and_o against_o which_o law_n be_v chief_o provide_v but_o he_o have_v in_o another_o place_n give_v his_o subject_a leave_n to_o refuse_v the_o sovereign_n command_n when_o he_o require_v he_o to_o do_v a_o act_n or_o office_n contrary_a to_o his_o honour_n so_o that_o though_o he_o will_v not_o suffer_v the_o law_n to_o restrain_v he_o from_o do_v what_o the_o sovereign_a unlawful_o command_v yea_o his_o honour_n of_o which_o he_o shall_v be_v judge_n himself_o may_v make_v he_o refuse_v that_o command_n though_o lawful_a as_o if_o the_o sovereign_n command_v he_o to_o prison_n as_o no_o doubt_n he_o lawful_o may_v for_o a_o crime_n that_o deserve_v death_n he_o may_v in_o mr._n hobbes_n opinion_n refuse_v to_o obey_v that_o command_n whereas_o government_n and_o justice_n have_v not_o a_o great_a security_n then_o that_o he_o that_o execute_v a_o verbal_a command_n of_o the_o king_n against_o a_o know_a law_n shall_v be_v punish_v and_o the_o case_n which_o he_o put_v in_o the_o follow_a paragraph_n that_o the_o king_n will_v be_v a_o law_n if_o he_o shall_v not_o obey_v that_o there_o will_v appear_v two_o contradictory_n law_n which_o will_v total_o excuse_v be_v so_o contrary_a to_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o justice_n that_o a_o man_n be_v oblige_v to_o believe_v when_o the_o king_n require_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o any_o law_n that_o he_o do_v not_o know_v of_o that_o law_n and_o so_o to_o forbear_v execute_v his_o command_n and_o if_o this_o be_v otherwise_o king_n of_o all_o man_n will_v be_v most_o miserable_a and_o will_v reverse_v their_o most_o serious_a counsel_n and_o deliberation_n by_o incogitancy_n upon_o the_o suggestion_n and_o importunity_n of_o every_o presumptuous_a intruder_n king_n themselves_o can_v never_o be_v punish_v or_o reprehend_v public_o that_o be_v a_o reproach_n not_o consistent_a with_o the_o reverence_n due_a to_o majesty_n for_o their_o casual_a or_o wilful_a error_n and_o mistake_n let_v the_o ill_a consequence_n of_o they_o be_v what_o they_o will_v but_o if_o they_o who_o malicious_o lead_v or_o advise_v or_o obey_v they_o in_o unjust_a resolution_n and_o command_n be_v to_o have_v the_o same_o indemnity_n there_o must_v be_v a_o dissolution_n of_o all_o kingdom_n and_o government_n but_o as_o king_n must_v be_v leave_v to_o god_n who_o vicegerent_n they_o be_v to_o judge_n of_o their_o breach_n of_o trust_n so_o they_o who_o offend_v against_o the_o law_n must_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o punishment_n the_o law_n have_v provide_v for_o they_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o pardon_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o sentence_n the_o law_n inflict_v except_o in_o those_o case_n where_o the_o offence_n be_v great_a to_o other_o then_o to_o the_o king_n as_o in_o the_o murder_n of_o a_o husband_n or_o a_o father_n the_o offence_n be_v great_a to_o the_o wife_n and_o to_o the_o son_n for_o their_o relation_n then_o to_o the_o king_n for_o a_o subject_a and_o therefore_o upon_o a_o appeal_n by_o they_o the_o transgressor_n may_v suffer_v after_o the_o king_n have_v pardon_v he_o it_o be_v a_o great_a prerogative_n which_o mr._n hobbes_n do_v in_o this_o chapter_n indulge_v to_o his_o fear_n his_o precious_a bodily_a fear_n of_o corporal_a hurt_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o only_o extenuate_v a_o ill_a action_n but_o total_o excuse_v and_o annihilate_v the_o worst_a he_o can_v commit_v that_o if_o a_o man_n by_o the_o terror_n of_o present_a death_n be_v compel_v to_o do_v a_o fact_n against_o the_o law_n he_o be_v whole_o excuse_v because_o no_o law_n can_v oblige_v a_o man_n to_o abandon_v his_o own_o preservation_n and_o suppose_v such_o a_o law_n be_v obligatory_a yet_o a_o man_n will_v reason_n pag._n 157._o if_o i_o do_v it_o not_o i_o die_v present_o if_o i_o do_v it_o i_o die_v afterward_o therefore_o by_o do_v it_o there_o be_v time_n of_o life_n gain_v nature_n therefore_o compel_v he_o to_o the_o fact_n by_o which_o a_o man_n seem_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v compel_v even_o for_o a_o short_a reprieve_n and_o to_o live_v two_o or_o three_o day_n long_o to_o do_v the_o most_o infamous_a and_o wicked_a thing_n that_o be_v imaginable_a upon_o which_o fertile_a soil_n he_o do_v hereafter_o so_o much_o enlarge_v according_a to_o his_o natural_a method_n in_o which_o he_o usual_o plant_v a_o stock_n suppose_v a_o principle_n the_o malignity_n whereof_o be_v not_o present_o discernible_a in_o a_o precedent_a chapter_n upon_o which_o in_o a_o subsequent_a one_o he_o graft_v new_a and_o worse_a doctrine_n which_o he_o look_v shall_v grow_v and_o prosper_v by_o such_o cultivation_n as_o he_o apply_v to_o it_o in_o discourse_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v defer_v my_o consideration_n to_o the_o contrary_a till_o i_o wait_v upon_o he_o in_o that_o enlarge_a disquisition_n the_o survey_n of_o chapter_n 28._o the_o eight_o and_o twenty_o chapter_n be_v a_o discourse_n of_o punishment_n and_o reward_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o he_o to_o forget_v in_o how_o weak_a a_o condition_n he_o have_v leave_v his_o sovereign_n for_o want_v of_o power_n to_o punish_v since_o want_v of_o power_n to_o punish_v and_o want_v of_o authority_n to_o cause_v his_o punishment_n to_o be_v inflict_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n especial_o when_o the_o guilty_a person_n be_v not_o only_o not_o oblige_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o sentence_n how_o just_a soever_o but_o have_v a_o right_a to_o resist_v it_o and_o to_o defend_v himself_o by_o force_n against_o the_o magistrate_n and_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o he_o think_v it_o of_o much_o importance_n to_o inquire_v by_o what_o door_n the_o right_a and_o authority_n of_o punish_v in_o any_o case_n come_v in_o he_o be_v a_o very_a ill_a architect_n that_o in_o build_v a_o house_n make_v not_o door_n to_o enter_v into_o every_o office_n of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v very_o strange_a that_o he_o shall_v make_v his_o door_n large_a and_o big_a enough_o in_o his_o institution_n to_o let_v out_o all_o the_o liberty_n and_o propriety_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o the_o very_a end_n of_o his_o institution_n be_v to_o make_v a_o magistrate_n to_o compel_v man_n to_o their_o duty_n for_o he_o confess_v they_o be_v before_o oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o perform_v it_o one_o towards_o another_o but_o that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o sovereign_a sword_n to_o compel_v man_n to_o do_v that_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v yet_o that_o he_o shall_v forget_v to_o leave_v a_o door_n wide_a enough_o for_o this_o compulsion_n to_o enter_v in_o at_o by_o punishment_n and_o bring_v the_o offender_n to_o justice_n since_o the_o end_n of_o make_v the_o sovereign_n be_v disappoint_v and_o he_o can_v preserve_v the_o peace_n if_o guilty_a person_n have_v a_o right_a to_o preserve_v themselves_o from_o the_o punishment_n he_o inflict_v for_o their_o guilt_n it_o be_v very_o improvident_o do_v when_o he_o have_v the_o draught_n of_o the_o whole_a contract_n and_o covenant_n that_o he_o will_v not_o insert_v one_o by_o which_o every_o man_n shall_v transfer_v from_o himself_o the_o right_n he_o have_v to_o defend_v himself_o against_o public_a justice_n though_o not_o against_o private_a violence_n and_o sure_o reason_n and_o self-preservation_n that_o make_v a_o man_n transfer_v all_o his_o estate_n and_o interest_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o sovereign_n and_o to_o be_v dispose_v by_o he_o that_o he_o may_v be_v secure_a against_o the_o robbery_n and_o rapine_n of_o his_o neighbour_n &_o companion_n will_v as_o well_o dispose_v he_o to_o leave_v his_o life_n to_o his_o discretion_n that_o it_o may_v be_v
secure_a from_o the_o assault_n of_o every_o other_o man_n who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o take_v it_o from_o he_o but_o he_o think_v life_n too_o precious_a to_o part_v with_o willing_o and_o therefore_o care_v for_o no_o more_o than_o to_o invest_v his_o sovereign_n with_o a_o just_a title_n to_o punish_v how_o unable_a soever_o he_o leave_v he_o to_o execute_v it_o and_o true_o his_o fancy_n be_v very_o extraordinary_a in_o bring_v it_o to_o pass_v he_o will_v not_o suffer_v his_o power_n to_o punish_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o concession_n or_o gift_n of_o the_o subject_n from_o which_o fountain_n all_o his_o other_o extravagant_a power_n flow_v which_o be_v as_o unnatural_a for_o they_o to_o give_v but_o say_v it_o be_v original_o inherent_a in_o he_o by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o every_o man_n may_v subdue_v or_o kill_v another_o man_n as_o he_o think_v best_o for_o his_o own_o preservation_n which_o right_o still_o remain_v in_o he_o when_o all_o other_o man_n transfer_v all_o their_o right_n to_o he_o because_o he_o never_o contract_v with_o they_o to_o part_v with_o any_o thing_n and_o so_o he_o come_v pag._n 162._o to_o a_o right_a to_o punish_v whiâ—h_o be_v not_o give_v but_o leave_v to_o he_o and_o to_o he_o only_o as_o entire_a as_o in_o the_o condition_n of_o mere_a nature_n be_v not_o this_o mere_a fancy_n without_o any_o reason_n which_o he_o need_v not_o have_v exercise_v to_o so_o little_a purpose_n to_o erect_v a_o lawful_a power_n which_o any_o man_n may_v lawful_o resist_v and_o oppose_v nor_o be_v the_o right_a much_o great_a that_o be_v leave_v he_o then_o what_o it_o seem_v be_v tacit_o reserve_v to_o every_o man_n who_o notwithstanding_o all_o transfer_v have_v still_o right_a to_o resist_v the_o sword_n of_o justice_n in_o his_o own_o defence_n and_o for_o aught_o appear_v to_o kill_v he_o that_o carry_v it_o so_o that_o in_o truth_n his_o sovereign_n be_v vest_v in_o no_o other_o authority_n then_o lawful_o to_o fight_v so_o many_o duel_n as_o the_o law_n have_v condemn_v man_n to_o suffer_v death_n since_o he_o can_v command_v none_o of_o his_o subject_n to_o execute_v they_o and_o they_o have_v all_o lawful_a power_n to_o defend_v their_o own_o life_n how_o this_o right_a and_o authority_n of_o punish_v come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o sovereign_n we_o shall_v not_o follow_v his_o example_n in_o repeting_n have_v before_o confess_v that_o it_o neither_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v ground_v on_o any_o concession_n or_o gift_n of_o the_o subject_a but_o be_v indubitable_o inherent_a in_o the_o office_n of_o be_v sovereign_n and_o inseparable_o annex_v to_o it_o by_o god_n himself_o corporal_n or_o capital_a punishment_n ignominy_n imprisonment_n or_o exile_n be_v not_o better_o understand_v than_o they_o be_v before_o his_o definition_n and_o description_n which_o he_o make_v of_o they_o and_o in_o which_o he_o do_v not_o so_o much_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o definition_n as_o that_o he_o may_v insert_v somewhat_o into_o it_o to_o which_o he_o may_v resort_v to_o prove_v somewhat_o which_o man_n do_v not_o think_v of_o when_o they_o read_v those_o definition_n and_o assume_v to_o himself_o to_o declare_v what_o will_v serve_v his_o turn_n to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n he_o make_v such_o inference_n and_o consequence_n as_o he_o think_v necessary_a to_o prove_v his_o desperate_a conclusion_n there_o can_v be_v a_o more_o pernicious_a doctrine_n and_o more_o destructive_a to_o peace_n and_o justice_n then_o that_o all_o man_n who_o be_v not_o subject_n be_v enemy_n &_o that_o against_o enemy_n who_o the_o commonwealth_n judge_v capable_a to_o do_v they_o hurt_v it_o be_v lawful_a by_o the_o original_a right_n of_o nature_n to_o make_v war_n which_o will_v keep_v up_o a_o continual_a war_n between_o all_o prince_n since_o they_o be_v few_o who_o be_v not_o capable_a to_o do_v hurt_v to_o their_o neighbour_n nor_o can_v this_o mischief_n be_v prevent_v by_o any_o treaty_n or_o league_n for_o while_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o do_v hurt_v the_o lawfulness_n still_o remain_v and_o be_v the_o original_a right_n of_o nature_n can_v be_v extinguish_v but_o the_o wise_a and_o most_o learned_a who_o have_v write_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o nation_n abominate_a this_o proposition_n and_o the_o incomparable_a grotius_n say_v de_n jure_fw-la b._n &_o p._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 1._o part_n 17._o illud_fw-la minime_fw-la ferendum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la quidam_fw-la tradiderunt_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la arma_fw-la recte_fw-la sumi_fw-la ad_fw-la imminuendam_fw-la potentiam_fw-la crescentem_fw-la quae_fw-la nimium_fw-la aucta_fw-la nocere_fw-la potest_fw-la it_o may_v be_v a_o motive_n when_o there_o be_v other_o just_a cause_n in_o prudence_n towards_o the_o war_n but_o that_o it_o give_v a_o title_n in_o justice_n ab_fw-la omni_fw-la aequitatis_fw-la ratione_fw-la abhorret_fw-la and_o he_o say_v in_o another_o place_n cap._n 22._o part_n 5._o that_o it_o must_v constare_fw-la non_fw-la tantum_fw-la de_fw-fr potentia_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o de_fw-la animo_fw-la &_o quidem_fw-la ita_fw-la constare_fw-la ut_fw-la certum_fw-la id_fw-la sit_fw-la ea_fw-la certudine_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o morali_fw-la materia_fw-la locum_fw-la habet_fw-la and_o yet_o from_o this_o erroneous_a proposition_n and_o because_o in_o pag._n 165._o war_n the_o sword_n judge_v not_o nor_o do_v the_o victor_n make_v distinction_n of_o nocent_a and_o innocent_a nor_o have_v other_o respect_n of_o mercy_n then_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o good_a of_o his_o own_o people_n he_o make_v no_o scruple_n to_o tell_v cromwell_n that_o as_o to_o those_o who_o deliberate_o deny_v his_o authority_n for_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n establish_v can_v have_v no_o other_o signification_n the_o vengeance_n be_v lawful_o extend_v not_o only_o to_o the_o father_n but_o also_o to_o thâ—_n three_o and_o four_o generation_n not_o yet_o in_o be_v and_o consequent_o innocent_a of_o the_o fact_n for_o which_o they_o be_v afflict_v because_o they_o that_o so_o offend_v suffer_v not_o as_o subject_n but_o as_o enemy_n towards_o who_o the_o victor_n may_v proceed_v as_o he_o think_v fit_a and_o best_a for_o himself_o after_o the_o give_v which_o advice_n it_o be_v a_o marvellous_a confidence_n that_o introduce_v he_o into_o the_o king_n presence_n and_o encourage_v he_o still_o to_o expect_v that_o his_o doctrine_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o be_v industrious_o teach_v and_o believe_v if_o mr._n hobbes_n be_v condemn_v to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o many_o man_n believe_v he_o may_v with_o great_a justice_n be_v and_o so_o become_v a_o exile_a person_n he_o will_v be_v a_o more_o competent_a judge_n to_o determine_v whether_o banishment_n be_v a_o punishment_n or_o rather_o a_o escape_n or_o a_o public_a command_n to_o avoid_v punishment_n by_o flight_n and_o he_o will_v probable_o then_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o mere_a change_n of_o air_n be_v a_o very_a great_a punishment_n and_o if_o he_o remember_v his_o own_o definition_n pag._n 108._o that_o a_o free_a man_n be_v he_o that_o in_o those_o thing_n which_o by_o his_o strength_n and_o wit_n he_o be_v able_a to_o do_v be_v not_o hinder_v to_o do_v what_o he_o have_v a_o will_n to_o he_o will_v believe_v that_o the_o take_v that_o freedom_n from_o he_o and_o the_o restrain_v that_o liberty_n be_v a_o very_a severe_a punishment_n whether_o just_o or_o unjust_o inflict_v and_o be_v in_o no_o degree_n mitigate_v by_o his_o declare_v pag._n 165._o that_o a_o banish_a man_n be_v a_o lawful_a enemy_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n that_o banish_v he_o as_o be_v no_o more_o a_o member_n of_o the_o same_o and_o then_o he_o may_v be_v lawful_o prosecute_v as_o well_o in_o and_o after_o he_o have_v undergon_v the_o punishment_n of_o banishment_n as_o he_o be_v before_o but_o the_o duty_n that_o a_o banish_a person_n still_o ow'_v to_o his_o country_n and_o to_o the_o sovereign_n of_o it_o be_v set_v down_o before_o but_o the_o truth_n be_v he_o have_v very_o powerful_o extinguish_v all_o those_o difference_n and_o privilege_n which_o all_o writer_n of_o the_o ius_n gentium_fw-la have_v careful_o preserve_v between_o a_o just_a and_o unjust_a war_n between_o lawful_a enemy_n and_o the_o worst_a rebel_n and_o traitor_n and_o have_v put_v the_o last_o into_o a_o better_a condition_n than_o the_o former_a by_o make_v they_o liable_a only_o to_o those_o pain_n and_o forfeiture_n which_o the_o law_n have_v literal_o provide_v for_o they_o and_o which_o in_o some_o case_n preserve_v their_o estate_n for_o their_o family_n whereas_o the_o lawful_a enemy_n even_o after_o quarter_n give_v remain_v at_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o victor_n who_o may_v take_v his_o life_n and_o inflict_v any_o other_o punishment_n upon_o he_o arbitrary_o and_o