and would needs make others also believe that the States of Holland chose rather a way of Accommodation then to enter into a war which if it had proved successefull to them would have redressed Charles Stewarts affairs and his Nephews to the detriment of their Authority Others maintained that this Peace being utterly broaken the Country would quickly be lost Be it what it will mens passions have been so much the more discovered upon this matter as the liberty of speaking is greater in Holland then elsewhere A tumult at London raised by the Portugucles The tumult which was so temerarily excited at London by the Portugal Embassadours brother made him carry his head upon a Scaffold some moneths after and all issued so well for the great and most prudent Cromwell that he acquired together with the Title of Protectour of the Common-wealth of England the renown of the most acute Politician of this Age. For good successe made the Enterprizers admired gave the Protector full power and authority and left desolate Charles nothing but complements of compassion France the sanctuary of the afflicted France which hath alwayes vanted her self to be the Sanctuary of such as are poor and afflicted labours at present to strip her self of that glorious quality through a maxime of State She hath already felt the strength of the English Will have no war with the English by the loss of her ships and so knowes how dangerous this enemy is and the trouble she had in former Ages to pluck him out of her bowels Wherefore it is better to appease him by politick craft and comply with the Times The reasons then to fall into another war The motions are great enough yet in the Kingdom and it suffices to have the Spaniards for her enemies without drawing the English upon her back too We must sometimes kisse the hands of such as we would have farre enough from us for fear of irritating them And therefore it is that the King sent his Embassadour to London to acknowledge the Republick and treat of a good peace and settle Traffick The Lord Preâ—â—â—tour a great Politician General Cromwel hath expressed his incomparable dexterity in the mannagement of Arms in the direction of Affaires in his Allyances with strangers in dissipating the ambushes and treacheries which have from time to time been land against his designes and his authority and principally in the wars against the Hollanders And you shall now sce how he came to rise higher He assembled another Parliament some of the members whereof being inclined to him proposed one day in full Assembly that the burthen of the Common-wealth was too heavy for them and that it was necessary to impose it upon the shoulders of General Cromwell Some of them not approving of this change retyred secretly to shelter themselves from the contrary winds and the rest were dismissed by him and so the rest went forthwith to conferre that honour upon him congratulate with him and gave him the Title of Protectour England hat 's changed her Gevernment three several times which is not new in that Island and occultly the Soveraignty of England so that in a few years this said Island hath changed her government three severall times and yet leaves not to flourish and to be most formidable to all the powers on earth Some moneths before the dissolution of the Parliament the Kings youngest Son commonly called the Duke of Glocester was sent to Dunkerck in the condition of a private Gentleman with a summe of mony to defray his expences Whilest the Peace is treated at London with many dissiculties by the intervention of the Reformed Cantons of Swisserland and the recommendation of the Queen of Sweden we will take a turn through the North. The King of Denmark being fortified by the Allyance of the States-General and the jealousies which the King of Swedens Leavies gave him The King of Denmark fortifies himselfe being taken away had no other care then to keep his Subjects in arms to hinder all surprises and to intrench the Approaches at the same time when the scourge of God went ransacking all the Inhabitants of the North. At Stockholme Fortune manifested her Empire by casting for a time Count Magnus de la Gardia under her wheel Count Magnus de la Gardia disgraced and depriving him of his Mistresses favour but she was not so rigorous to him as she was to the brave Earle of Essex in Queen Elizabeths time in England Whilest this August Queen is disposing her self to do in the greatest vigour of her youth what the Emperour Charles the fifth did in his decline we will make an in-road into Poland Searce had King Casimir unlaced his Armour yet all stained with the blood of the Rebellious Cossacks The King of Poland attacked by the Muscovites when he saw himself oblidged to put his foot in the stirrop again to resist the Moscovits This Kingdom which had been so much afflicted by the excursions of the said Cossacks by Inundations contagious Diseases Partialities and Distrusts which are ordinary in Free Countries findes her self now in the necessity of making a Defensive War and the Natives to make resistance against a barbarous Nation which they have so often beaten and chased as far as the very heart of Russia and the very Gates of the Capital City Mosco But Changes are as well universal as Chastisements The death of that great Minister Mons de Brum In the beginning of the year 1554. religiously deceased at the Haghe that great man and most faithful Minister Monsicur Anthony de Brun Baron of Apremont and Ordinary Embassadour for the King of Spain to the States He was born at Dole in Burgundy had served his Master from his youth in very great affairs and nominatively in the General Peace at Munster Towards the Spring the Peace was concluded at London against the opinion of many and the news thereof was most agreeable to the Hollanders but when the Articles came to be published The Peace made between the English the Hollanders whereby the young Prince was excluded from all Charges or Offices it much troubled the Provinces and was like to cause divorces and great partialities in so much as the other Provinces set forth complaints and Protestations which were amply enough answered in a Manifest published by the States of Holland and which the Reader may see at good leasure But there were nothing but murmurations they taxed the said States with ingratitude and reproaches and slanders were scattred at random Is this the recompence said they every where of so many services rendred The Princes his Predecessours The cause of the murmurations in behalfe of the Prince of Orange spared not their blood nor their lives nor their meanes to purchase our liberty and in lien thereof we make Agreements so prejudicial to his Authority and so contrary to our duty Ah! what will not the Allyes of this
before the Elective of Poland three moneths after his arrivall he secretly departed leaving the Polanders the repentance of having chosen him and the trouble to choose another Stephen Batorins succeeds who sell out to be Stephanus Batorins Prince of Transylvania He reigned ten yeares reduced Dantsick to her obedience kept the bordering places within their duty and rejoyned Livonia to the Crown He governed the Kingdome both happily and wisely died in the resolution he had taken to subdue Muscavy to Poland left great grief for his so sudden death amongst tho Poles and a good odour of his vertues to posterity The Polanders after the decease of King Stephen found themselves in a dangerous sicknesse by a division which threatned utter ruine to the Crown The great Chancellour Samotskie the Bishops and many other of the great Lords elected Sigismund of Sweden sonne of King John and Queen Katherine of Poland daughter to Sigismund of Jaguellonne The other party had chosen Maximilian of Anstria who entring 〈◊〉 Poland with an Army made up in haste besieged Warsaw from whence being repulsed Maximilian forces and recruting his forces in Silesia he was the second time defeated and taken prisoner by the Great Chancellour aforesaid After these two victories was crowned Sigismund in the year 1587 and called by the name of Sigismund the third He married Anne of Austria who brought him a sonne named Vladislans who afterwards was King of Poland And this is that which we thought very sit to recount and which must serve us for the present History of this Age. Let us now passe into Sweden and hear what the Swedes alledge against the Polanders with the reasons and arguments both of the one and the other CAROLVS GVS'TMVS ' King of S'wethens Goths Vandalls greate mince of Finland Duke of Esthonia Carelia Lot of Jâ—â—ria Ciou'ned An Dom 1654. CHAP. V of Sweden The discords happening between King Sigismund and his Uncle Charles and why The successe of their Arms. SIgismund King of Sweden endeavouring to put two Crowns upon his head lost the Hereditary one See how all passed This young Prince had been brought up in the Roman Catholick Religion though yet he were the sonne of King Erick who embraced the Confession of Ausbourgh and introduced it into his Kingdome This Erick was sonne to King John and Nephew to Charles Duke of Sudermanic whom he left in Sweden to govern that Kingdome in his absence in the quality of Vice-Roy Now it often chances that Princes who have more then one kingdom grow by little and little to loose the affections of their remote subjects and their authority comes also by degrees to be eclipsed in regard that their said subjects are not warmed by the heat of their favour and prudence and so others grow insensibly to take place as well because their presence winnes the affections of the said subjects as also for that reasons are never wanting to such as have no will to obey And besides every one stands in fear of forraine Rule But the most powerfull argument of the coldness of subjects towards their Soveraigne is diversity of Religions which causes a change in State and alters and shakes it so as that many Princes for the strengthening and fixing of theirs have believed that they neither could nor ought to permit any more then one Sigismund goes into Sweden King Sigismund hearing many complaints from Sweden and conceaving some jealousies of his Uncle Charles resolved with leave of the States of Poland to transport himself thither with some Polish and German forces He departed from Dantsick with a fleet of sixty Sayle and was well received by the Governour of Colmar from whom he went to see his sister at Stebourgh Duke Charles hastened towards him from Finland with an Army to defend the kingdome against the King himself Sigismund beaten who as it was published came to take the Vice-King prisoner and change the State by subverting Religion So there occurred a fierce skirmish wherein the Vice-King had the better and Sigismund the King was forced to retite himself towards the Confines of Denmark In fine he was beaten again near Lincopin and his Fleet taken Upon which seeing his Uncle thus courted by Fortuâ—e through the mediation of some Lords he was fain to make peace with him under certain conditions by vertue whereof his Fleet was restored to him to go by Sea to Stockholm Makes Peace and Duke Charles in whose hands were put the prime Lords of Sweden who had been to fetch the King in Poland went thither by land Sigismund instead of going to the Assembly of States at Stockholm went secretly out of the kingdom which he thereby lost He retires our of the kingdom and regained Dantsick Some Authors have written that he had been advertised of some ill design of his Uncle Charles against him and a certain person who was then at Stockholm affirms that he sighed for his having let slip the bird which he had in his hand However those Lords were beheaded and their heads set upon stakes which were since taken away upon the request of a great Wanyer Duke Charles quickly recovered those places of strength which were in the Kings possession chastised the Citizens of Lubeck who had favoured him caused the States to approve of all his actions and ranged the Finlanders who held the Kings party under obedience to himself Some months after the States deposed the King by a publick Decree declaring him fallen from the Rights he had in the kingdom and renouncing all fidelity to him though yet still they were ready to receive his sonne Vladislans for King of Sweden in case he would forthwith send him thither to be bred in the Religion and customes of the Country But these conditions not seeming receivable were not accepted by the King and the proceedings of the States of Sweden cryed down by the Poles who resolved to take an account of them with the sword This is the summe of what is known of that difference which is yet remaining between the Heires of these two Princes and which is debated by very contrary reasons according to the predominancy either of Passion or Religion and according to the knowledge also of the Right of the Parties concerned The Polanders reproach the Swedes for that without any available reason and upon some ill grounded suspicions only yea even against all Right both Divine and Humane they took the kingdom from Sigismund to give it to Charles To which the Swede answer that the King against his promise had endeavoured under hand to bring in the Jesuits so to replant the Roman Catholick Religion and strangers to check and curb them and many other arguments there are both upon the one side and the other which I let passe in silence and which are found at large elsewhere Now you have had the words take also some effects of their arms Duke Charles after the reduction of Finlande went into
finding himselfe decaying employed the small strength he had left upon the care of his foul and the quiet of his Kingdom The death of Lewis the Just He declared the Queen Regent or Governesse of his Sonne the King recommended Cardinal Mazâ—â—â—n to her and then rendred up his spirit to God This Prince alwayes loved Justice and was carried to warre more by the ambition of his Minister then any motive of his own and consequently would have been glad to see a Peace made which he much instanced before his decease He destroyed the Huguenot Party which gave jealousie and obscured his Majesty after which he assisted the Duke of Nevers in his succession to the Dutchy of Mantua seazed upon Lorrain made an Ally-ance with the King of Sweden and all the Protestants against the Emperour and waged warre both against him and the King of Spain under the pretexts which we have already recounted The Bâ—â—tail of Rocroy glorious to the French Don Francisco de Melo went to besiege Rocroy 1643. with a most gallant Army but having declared the Duke of Alburquerque a young Portuguese Lord Generall of the Horse he so much offended the Officers thereof that when the French came they would not do their duty but forthwith began to run so that all the Foot was defeated by the Duke of Angnien now Prince of Conde This victory was very great in which Generall Gassion gave a high character of himself and was the cause of the taking of Theonâ—ille And Melo was so much discredited that the King was constrained to call him away and give the government to the Marquis of Castel-rodrigo who kept it till the Arch-Duke Leopold arrived The successe of the Armies was various and if one Party lost a Battail the Allies got another so that there could not faile to come a totall mine CARDINAL MAZARINE Rgoywood focit P Stent excudit These were two of the most memorable Battails of our Age the one whereof hapned in the moneth of May and in the beginning of the raigne of Lewis the fourteenth given-by-God by the conduct of the young Duke of Angulen and the other towards the end of November under that of the Duke of Lorrain and they may be compared to those of Leipsick and Nortlinghen After this glorious Victory the French treated with him but without any fruit at all For he had been once at Paris to be jeered and he would returne thither no more but with forces to take his revenge Wherefore he marched back to the Low-Countries took Falkenstein a strong place in his way and left the command of the brave Army to Francis Baron of Mercy who after having taken Rotweil went and besieged Vberling a place of importance upon the Lack seazest upon before by Stratagem for want of good Gard but it yeelded now upon composition for want of Victuals sower moneths after In the meau time the Garrison of Brisack mutinied for want of pay and whilest the disorder lasted there was found a certain Marchant who offered about fower hundred thousand Rixdollers but General Erlach by his care brake this bargain and punished five or six of the Authours of the sedition General Mercy having fayled to retake Hoheniwiel by treaty left it blocked up by five Forts and went to attack Friburgh and Brisgaco where we will leave him till the valliant Duke of Anguien came and disolodged him and see in what tearms the Swedes are We said that Generall Torstonton having been compelled to raise the Siege from before Friburgh marched and planted himself upon the Elbe General Counixmarck slept not in the interim but skipped up and down to and fro with so much speed and activity that he always surprized his Enemies and never returned without booty Crackow was sent into Pomeranid to make a diversion but he had not the wit to faise the Siege of Domitz not resist Connixmark though enough to runne away though Poland Torstenton went into Moravia where he beat Bucham and came back into Misnid At the beginning of December he entred Holstein with so much promptitude that he was seen passe before Hamburgh when he was thought to be upon the Fronteer of Bohemia The Swedes enter into Hollstein 1643. At that same time came news that Gustave Horns was entred into Scania with an Army of twelve thousand men whereat all the world was amazed and men began to beleeve that the Imperialists would grow to respire by this new War but it proved quite contrary for they made no protis of it at all and the Swedes marched our to earry the terrour to the very Gates of Vienna Let us speak a little of the pretexts of this expedition since the Danes themselves were ignorant of the cause which could not well be found but in the Generall Maxime This the French and Weymariant were beaten and the Swedes gone out of Germany to ingago themselves in a frest quarrel so that the Imperialists had fine sport and did wonders CHAP. XV Of the Warre of Denmark with all the circumstances thereof NEver did Fortune more undertake the Swedish Interest then in this War and never was good King Christian in more danger of being stripped of his States then in this perillous conjuncture It is said that that great Astrologer Ticho Brahe had foretold him that he should be droven out of his Kingdome that he should depart with a staffe in his hand and that this immutable fate should defal him in the moneth of Jannary in the year 1644. I know not whether this report be true but sure I am that the prediction was false though yet there were once very great apparence and probability that it would come to pass For had the Swedes been able to snap the ships and Barks which were in a certain haven of that Province as their designe was to do they would easily have entred into the Isle of Fune and crastily rendred themselves masters of the whole Kingdom at unawares and without striking stroake The war of the Swedes against the Dams But the most premeditated Enterprizes are sometimes hindred and overthrown by a meer matter of nothing for the Soule of great designes is silence and he who knows not how to keep that will never bring any thing to good effect The Swedes fayled not of themselves but God only made them faile The King was strucken with as much amazement at the first notice of this invasion as it a thunderbolt had fallen upon his head and writing to his Resident at the Haghe he commanded him to tell the States General that this irruption seemed so strange to him And why that he would father have believed that the Sky would fall then that he should see the Swedes enter into his dominions But what could move the Swedes to begin a new War having so great a one already in Germany and knowing that this latter endangered the losse of all their conquests yea of their very Kingdom it self For the reasons which they
himself of the advantage be hath upon any one alone by pursung him for fear of giving the rest the occasion of seizing upon his sheep This brave man did wonders Tromps praise but he had the displeasure of seeing seeing above twenty of his men of War fly without fighting at all The States ceased not during these fatal actions to employ all possible inventions to disingage themselves from these troubles which obstructed the Commerce either by force or friendship For the advantages which the Enemies had by the conveniency of their Havens before which they are necessitated to passe as at the mercy of the Canon oblidged such Fleets as were not furnished with sufficient Convoyes The Ships passe behinde Scotland to passe behinde Ireland and Scotland and before Norway a long paineful and perilous Voyage and which very often caused the merchandises to be corrupted and spoiled 〈◊〉 The great Fleet which departed this Spring from Rochel made this huge circuit and by an admirable felicity artiyed safely without having meâ— the Enemy who expected it at the passage that which was appointed towards the Baltick Sea was all the Summer at the Flie without daring to come out and that of the great Indies is not yet arrived In the Battel against General Deane Tromp was forced to retreat with considerable losse because he had a contrary winde General Deane beat the Hollanders and stayed before Flushing to repaire his Ships But the English kept the Sea and shewed themelves before the Brill and then before the Taxell where we will leave them to see what passes in the Province Seditions in Holland and chiefly at Enchuien During these Tragedies at sea murmurations and mutterings were heard a shore and certain Libells intitled the Lords of Louvenstein It was said that there was a design to ruin the House of Nassaw and that the Prince of Orange ought to be Governour of the Country and many other Calumnies which deserve to be suppressed When the Drum was beaten for the raysing of Souldiers the common people would needs have it done under the conduct of the Prince of Orange in such sort as that at Enchuysen there hapned a Tumult of very ill example The States considering the potency of their Enemies and many other affairs which might be thought of for security sent for a great Body of Horse into the very center of Holland and placed it near the Sea-coast The Horse comes into Holland But they chiefly expressed their infatigable care in the fitting and setting forth of a Fleet to chastise a Nation which neglected their friendship whereof the were deceived as the sequel will demonstrate Tromp having put his Fleet into a fighting posture again and the souldiers being payed and assured of maintenande in case they were may med set sayle towards the end of Iuly and went generously to face his Enemies and Witt Wittenson departed from the Texel to second him The fight began and the Hollanders charged twice through the English Fleet and in the third time it was A furious Battel wherein the Hollanders are worsted that this warlike Nation of the English shewed their magnanimity and courage by forcing the Hollanders to a retreat into their Havens three Dutch Fire-ships fastened on three of their Flag-ships But the English contemning all danger flung themselves into the flame and disingaged their Ships Tromps deaths The valliant Tromp dyed in this bed of Honour He was beloved and regretted by all in general for the mildnesse of his nature and for the services which he had done his Native Country He was ennobled by Lewis the thirteenth King of France in recompence of those services which he had done him and very much esteemed by Cardinal Richelieu Eâ—nobled by the King of France but Rarea took him a way before he had finished this War which drew the attention of the whole World upon it General Cromwel a most prudent Politician and most magnanintous Captain having surmounted the Royal Party subjugated the Irish defeated in many Battels Victorious Cromwel dissolves the Parliament and humbled the Scots as well in their own Country as in England and dissipated Charle's Forces had now no more to do then to dissolve the Parliament which he performed with as much glory to himself as shame to them So that he is now more absolute in Authority then any of the Kings ever were by vertue of his Army whereby he keeps the people in awe and order who governs the State not only like a Brutus but like a Caesar also He constituted a new Parilament which changed not their resolutions to hurt the Hollanders who had also the power to defend themselves This we see the State of England not onely under a Brutus but a Caesar afso Confusion in the Church of England the Church governed by Independents and full of confusions yea the women have preached against St. Pauls expresse Commandment and the Clâ—â—thes turned into Stables But a regulation of all these exorbitances is expected from the government of so sage a Ruler But in what condition have we lest Holland In the care of choosing a new Admiral and maintaining the Union of the Consoederated Provinces For conclusion we will go back to see that most famous Assembly of Ratisbone where there is nothing treated but what is of high The Assembly at Rausbone and noble consequence The saines are past the stormes scattered and the Mariners repair the Vessels the Sun of Justice shewes himself and such as have escaped shipwrack dry their Cloathes and rake together the fragments of what is left them However Ferdinand the third that most Religious and most August Emperour were arrived at Ratisbone together with the Electours and had sufficiently declared that for the good of the Empire is was necessary to provide a worthy Successor they endeavoured not yet to elect a King of the Romans till after the hews was come that the Swedes had restored into the hands of the Marquis of Brandenburgh The Hinder Pomerania rescorred Heir to the last Duke of Pomerania that Portion or Parcell which is called the Hinder-Pomerania the time being passed in visits divertisements and honest recreations But then the said Emperour transporting himself together with the Electoral Colledge and an infinite multitude of other Princes to Auxburgh his Son Ferdinand the fourth King of Bohemia and Hungary was with a common voice proclaimed King of the Romans Ferdinand the fourth proclaimed King of the Romans By the happy Conjunction of these Stars nothing could be expected but a previous influence of long repose through the whole Empire of Germany a reparation of disorders and an establishment of a good Peace by there-union of minds Great God! How infinite are thy wonders and how immovable is thy Providence The choose the Sen of him out of whose hand they laboured to pull the Helme to whom they give both with him and after him the government of this
The Father stripped himself of his States two years before his death to attend to pious exercises And the Sonne two years before his was afflicted with grievous pains and torments which he suffered with superlative patience Some Writers who take pleasure in looking back into the Causes of such accidents within the secrets of the Almighty have presumed to publish that it was a punishment from heaven for the cruelties which his Governours had practised as well in the Low-countries as in the Indies Others of more moderation have believed that God had a mind to shew in the person of this porent Prince that all the Greatness of this world is nothing but dust and vermin There is nothing constant in this world but the constant order of Change and Vicissitude The I'underbolt strikes none but the highest Towers and loftiest Mountaines By his endeavouring to succour the League in Francâ— he lost the confederated Provinces And in the design of invading England he lost a most powerfull Navy and armed enemies against his States who gave him much displeasure and trouble CHAP. XIII The differences which happened between the Earls of Frâ—ezland and the Town of Embden The States put a Garrison there THe knowledge of the difference of the Town of Embden with the Earls thereof is to be joyned to that of the Low-countries and so by consequence it is convenient to mention it here When Townes grow strong they ordinarily loose their will to obey for which they never want either examples or pretexts whether it be of Religion or Priviledge yea and to accuse the weaker party of injustice too if they get a good issue in it Now this Town whereof we are speaking being very much encreased and enriched by the great number of people which repaired thither there to seek as it were a sanctuary from the rigorous execution of the Placarts of the Duke of Alva against all such as had licentiously and perhaps by old priviledges broaken Images and thrown down Altars as also for the conveniencie of the Haven which was held then and still is one of the best of the Low-countries and of the North Seas In the first place the Citizens began to murmur against their Count saying that he would clip their priviledges and Religion That he bad already introduced a new one into his own House That he raised souldiers underhand That he forbad the Consistorial Assemblies and the like A bold and licentious pretext Tâ—â—â—ults in the Town Now their humours being thus prepared there wanted nothing but a hot â—iry and zealous Preacher to set them a work who also was quickly found in the person of one Mentzo Alting a man odious to the Count for some important reasons who got up into the Pulpit desplayed his Rhetorick cryed down his Masters actions foretold the ruine of the Town endeavored to excuse himself of what was imposed upon him protested to be gone with the consent of the Townsmen however he were content to stay with his Flock and live and die with his sheep and the like Words no lesse audacious then those of the Priests whom a certain learned person called Baals elsewhere for the League in France It concerns not Church-men to blow the Trumper nor such as thrust their noses into State-matters through passion of Religion to excuse in some what they accuse in others Iliacos intra muros peccatur extra These reasons were as welcome to the people which loves Novelty in State provided it be preached as a draught of water uses to be to a thirsty person In short they arm they choose six Collonels amongst the Citizens they invoke that Great God who hears and sees all and at length they turn their Ordnance upon the Counts Pallace O brave proceeding O true forms of Justice The Count asks the reason of this novelty and whether they disowned their obedience to the Emperour the Empyre and himself They answered that they had taken arms for Religion and their own defence against many falfe accusations That they made no difficulty to acknowledge the Emperour and him as their Lords and whatever else should be reasonable In these Contests they rush upon his House making themselves Masters thereof by force and dispatch their Embassadours to the Haghe as the Count also did his he to complain of the insolency of his subjects and they to justify their actions The effect of these Embasies was that they put themselves under the protection of the States A Garrison of the States in the Town and took a Garrison of a thousand men into the Town to the disadvantage of the said Count who at last was fain to suffer his House to be shut up and some other extremities which have much weakned and skattered his authority-The Townesmen embraced the Reformed Religion yea and they threw the Bowle yet farther For by a more ancient priviledge they had a grant of a Religion conform with that of Ausbourgh See Emmanuel de Merten From this disorder sprang much good to the united Provinces by securing to themselves this so advantageous Port which otherwise by these divisions might have fallen into the hands of their enemies But this agreement being made in hast could not last long and so there happened some disturbance which is an ordinary thing when any one party gets too much interest The Count complained to the Emperour of the said Town by which he was accused to have had some intelligences there so to make himself absolute Lord of it But these complaints as well as that which followed afterwards for the Traffick in Spain were quickly patched together with a weak thred In the mean time Count Edzard died and left five sonnes Enne Gustave John Christopher and Charles the Eldest whereof reconciled himself to the Town Christopher went to serve the Arch-Duke and was afterwards Governour of Luxenbourgh The Count will repaire his authority In the year 1602. Count Enne propped by some Gentry as Cuiphanse and others endeavoured to repayre his authority by imposing Taxes forcing the small Townes and nourishing a faction in Embden And so he raised souldiers under pretext of going against the Turk gave his Daughter to his Brother John who married her by a dispensation from the Pope and embraced the Roman Catholick Religion and fortified some villages to block up the River The States of Holland moved more by their own interest then by the complaints of the Town sent to oppose him drove him out of the Villages who retyred into Germany and justified their proceedings by suspicions and informations which they said they had received from Brussels that the said Count acted for the Spaniards and would bring them into the Town Now he had remonstrated before both to the Emperour and Empyre that it would be expedient to exercise an Admiralty upon the River of Enis so to prejudice the nearest Inhabitants with reasons strong enough to move that great and dull Body if it could be moved which so many Dyets have
sent speedily after Papenheim and resolved to stand fast and expect the Enemy The Shock or Ouset was furious and bloody The Croats did well enough at the beginning and the Swedes better and if Papenheim had stayed a little longer the Imperialists had fled But he came time enough Papenheim slain to redresse the Army which already began to stagger and to repulse the enemy but the shot of a Falkon a piece of Ordnance so called put a period to his life and all his glorious enterprizes Germany hath produced but few such Souldiers as he was for Valour Felicitie and Courage His elogies and the Emperour hath had few who have equalled him in fidelity He first made himself known in the Valtelme and at the Battail of Prague he was found amongst dead He finished the Tumults of the Peasants in Austria and above all after the Battail of Leipsick he redressed his Masters desperate party in Westphalia He seemed to dye content when he was told that the King was killed and it is held that if he had lived yet some years more he would have restored the Imperial Majesty to the first splendour The Horse basely gave ground as they had done in the first Battail It is beleeved that the King was slaine about the beginning of the Battail having receaved five wounds two whereof were mortal but it could never be learnt by whose hand he fell and opinions were so different that the truth could never be discovered The Swedes have reported that he was killed Gustave slain by a great Lord of his own Army others by Papenheim but neither the one nor the other is very likely to be true He was found amongst the dead so trodden and tumbled by the Army which had passed over his body that he was hard to be known What shall we say of the potency of this world since so much glory and merit is trodden under foot by horses This Prince who like another Alexander was grieved and vexed to stay so long in Germany and wished nothing more His praises then to go seek new Trophies elsewhere is borne down and that so venerable Majesty so much respected and feared every where is now reduced to dust This great Warrier this invincible Monarch the delight of the Protestants the terrour of the Catholicks the Darling of Fortune lost his life in the middle of Triumphs and of Germany His fall caused so much rage and despaire in the soules of his souldiers that they chose rather to die then retyre and obliged the Imperialists after they had fought till dark night to make a retreate but little more modest then plain flight towards Leipsick His life Duke Bernard and Cniphanse gave great testimonies of themselves in this bloody Fight and the whole Army melted in teares to see the King their Generall without sense and motion He was Son to Charles Duke of Sudermam who had taken away the Crown from his Nephew Sigismund King of Poland It is reported that he had made his Apprentiship in War disguised and unknown under Prince Maurice and that even after he was King he made a journey into Germany in the quality of an ordinary Horseman His Governours son hath told me that he was in the war of Bohemia saw the Count of Bucquoy's Army discovered himselfe to some Princes and then sowed the first seeds of his intelligence in the Empire He made War in Livonia and Prussia with a most singular odour of his great felicity His many Victories changed his sweet and tractable nature into a too rough and austere severity an hereditary Vice in the race of Erick as soon as they are past forty years old Thus gloriously ended Gustavus Adâ—phus his dayes and Parca by cutting off the thred of his life made him triumph to manifest that if he had lived some years longer Europ would have been too little for the number of his Conquests and his glory He presumed against the content and opinion of the Chiefe of his Council to come into Germany with an Army of eight thousand men to defend the Lutheran Religion and to check so vast and formidable a Power as that of the House of Austria but he was sure of his Allyes and of the affections of all the Protestants in general Also that though Fortune should have treated him as she had done others he had still the means left to save himselfe in his own Kingdom and draw up the Bridge after him But she was too kinde to him to break company with him so soone and his designes too high to please his Allyes Never was there Prince more regretted and deplored then he and all the North put on mourning whilest the South rejoyced at his fall but it felt the rough Attacks of his Generals after his death and the Swedes went not out of Germany till they got a Peace the spoiles and a share of the Empire a notable recompence The Battel of Lutzen the sixteenth of November for having whipped it so well This Battel hapned the sixteenth of November some dayes after deceased King Frederick at Mentz a milde Prince and much bewailed by his people He accompanied Gustave into Bavaria who was willing to restore him to the Palatinat The death of Frederick but under hard and unreceiuable conditions Let us see what passes in France CHAP. XXVIII The Elector of Trevirs takes the protection of France Monsieur enters into the Kingdom with an Army The death of the brave Duke of Montmorancy THe fidelity of the Ecclesiastical Electors was so great that they chose rather to suffer all the rigour and extremity of Fortune then untie themselves from the Emperour The French drivo the Spâ—niâ—ds from Trevirs save onely that the Elector of Trevirs sought to shelter his Country under the protection of France and received a French Garrison into Harmestein an inexpugnable place neer Cobelents where the Mosell casts her selfe into the lap of the Rheyn And he would have done as much at Trevirs if he had not been prevented by the Chapter which put a Spanish Garrison in before whereby the King was moved to send the Marshal De'stree to dislodge it and put in another Whilest the said King and Cardinal were looking upon the affairs of Germany Monsieur his Brother marched out of Brabant with an Army and published that he would deliver France from the Tyranny of the Cardinal The Duke of Montmorancy ranged himselfe with him Monsieur enters France and it looked as if all were disposed to Richelnis ruine Many of the Grandees inâ—lined also that way being jealous to see the King of Sweden destroy the Catholick League in Germany shouldered by the Allyance of the Eldest Sonne of the Church upon the suscitation of this proud Minister The Marshal of Schoonbergh followed this said Army with some ordinary forces There hapned a Skirmish wherein the Duke of Montmorancy would needs be nibbling and so was wounded and taken and his Party ruined
by his temerity It is in a general Definition and not in a particular fight that a General ought to shew his dexterity and valour A Peace was made in haste and the strangers who were ingaged with Monsieur very ill handled and he hoped to obtaine the aforesaid Dukes pardon but in vaine for he ended his life The Duke of Montmorancy beheaded by the hand of an ordinary Executioner and his House ended also with his life This brave Lord who had performed so many remarkable services was sacrificed to the interest which was taken in the Swedish Party his aversion from which was discovered by himselfe It is great wisdom to hide ones passions and to lay open those of others to hear much and say little This violent proceeding much amazed all the Lords of France augmented the Cardinals hatred and gave Monsieur a good horse to be gone again out of the Kingdom This very year the Embassadour of Spain arriving at London brought things so to passe with his frequent pursuits and instances Peace between Spain England that he terminated the difference between his Master and the King of England notwithstanding all the oppositions which were made and the thwartings which were brought by the Embassadours of France and the confederated States Pope Vrban to purge himselfe from the hatred which was born him by all the zealous Catholicks Pope Urban little loved by the zealous Catholicks for their seing him in secret intelligence with the Cardinal whom they made Author of all the misfortunes and mischiefs suffered by the Church published a Jubile but all that was not able to wash away the ill opinion which was conceived of him and in a Synod which was held in Spain they treated of abrogating his Authority in regard they saw him favour them who endeavoured to destroy a House which will never fall but with the ruine of the Catholick Religion Yea because he appeared not abroad at the publick rejoycing which was made at Rome for the death of King Gustave who had been so much feared many were heard to mutter and speak such bad and rash words as the licentiousnes and unlimitednes of the miserable Times produced When the Shepherd takes no care of his Sheep the Wolves get some of them very cheap Piety waxes cold and the weeds grow at length to stifle the good corne CHAP. XXIX The King of Sweden regretted and by whom Wallenstein causes some Officers to be executed John de Werdt makes himselfe known The Battel of Hamelen and the cruelty of the Victorious Brisac succoured by the Duke of Feria War in the Archbishoprick of Colein THe Body of this great Warrier was embalmed and carryed into Pomerania and from thence to Stockholme to be laid in the Tomb of his Ancestours He resuscitated the ancient glory of the Goths and the notice of his Army struck both Europ and Asia into terrour There was a report given out It is published that Gustave is not dead and beleeved by some of them who were most affectionate to him that he was not dead but had secretly transported himselfe into Sweden for some affairs of importance and to discover the humour of the Princes but this fiction was grounded upon Maxime of Policie and having gotten some Vogue was not unprofitable to the Party He was given neither to wine not women and he inexorably chastized all such as fayled of their duty He much changed at last from what he had been as his first entry into Germany and no marvail since his very Subjects themselves having been as gentle as Lambs before were now become arrogant by so much good success so many spoyles and the enjoyment of a Countrey so much better and happier then their own The Princes of the Party lamented him extrinsecally but were in effect glad enough to be rid of such a Conquerour who had gotten a far greater possession of the hearts of their Subjects then they had themselves But the King of France and the Cardinal were truly sorry for him because they had not brought that House lowenough which they had a minde to strip of some fayre States as it hath since appeared And now in regard they had payd the charge they prepared to go to the Banquet by buying the Towns which the Sweeds had taken neer the Rheyn He left one Daughter only He left behinde him only one Daughter Heyress to her Fathers vertues as well as his Crowne and he left his Lievtenants and Allyes the care to finish the worke not yet perfected The Hollanders began more to feare him then love him and by consequence expressed no great resentment of his death nor did they desire him at all for their neighbour wherefore they were not a little glad to see him leave Colein and march up into Bavaria He will never be forgotten either by his friends or his enemyes and his memory will live to the end of the world The Hughenots cal the Lutherans Brothers The Hughenots of France for his sake began already to call the Lutherans their Brethrea and it is held for certain that he was endeavouring to awaken the old quarrels in Italy and else where He was about two years and a half in Germany accompanyed by so much happiness yea too much to last long that his own very friends were amazed at it The Swedes make the Offensive every where To declare to all the world that he had obtained the Victory when he dyed his enemies retyred into Bohemia and the Swedes made every where the offensive The Duke of Brunswick and the Landgrave of Hassia brought War upon the Bishops in Westphalia who had lost their Souldier Gustave Herne and some others transported it into Alsatia and Swaveland and General Bawdas in the district of Colein Duke Bernard cleansed Misuia and Arnem subjugated Silesia But what did Wallenstein during all these floods He cut of the Heads of many of his Officers Wallenstein executâ—s some Officers and why And why for not having performed their duty Yea rather to begin thereby to warp the web of his treason and put in execution what he had hatched in his Soule and therefore he put to death such as he knew were most affectionate to the Emperours service Vertue comes upon the Scaffold as well as Vice There was no remedy for he had full power without appeal but the innocent blood spurted in his face sooner then he thought for the cry thereof never findes the ears of the great God stopped is must be revenged Baudits designe upon Tuits a small town upon the bank of the Rheyn opposite to Colein issued well but he was beaten out again and his proceeding abhorred for breaking the new trality So that he retyred to Siburgh a convenient place to incommodate the Archbishoprick Aldringers Victorâ— General Aldringers Victory was greater neer the Leck where he cut of the Troops of the Marquis of St. Andrew and retook some places in Sweveland and John
de Werdt did as much in Franconie who grew by little and little to make himself so formidable that it was beleeved he was another Papenheim sprung up out of his ashes But all these were but Skermishes in comparison of the huge Victory gotten by the Hassians and Luneburgians neer Hamelen in the moneth of July 1633. They had besiedged the Town and the others would succour it Colein the Mother of Armyes The seventh of July quickly produced one But in stead of Papenheim there was nothing but discord amongst the Generals Souldiers there were enow but there wanted a good The defeate of the Imperalists neer Hamelen 1633 and perfect intelligence amongst their Leaders However they advanced and General Merode thought that in this occasion the Commanders would lay aside all partiality for the Publick good The Foot fell on but was deserted by the Horse and the poor Souldiers who were almost all Wallons found themselves shut up in a dale and cryed to them to stand and make good their ground but their cries and groanes were carried away by the wind to follow the base Cowardise of the Horsemen and the slacknesse of some of the chief Officers General Merode and Baron Quad a Souldier of merit chose rather to dye with their Swords in their hands then follow this infamy The Forraine Foot threw down their Arms hoping for quarter but they were all massacred without mercie and so above six thousand of them miserably perished Hamelen was rendred and Bonichawse took party with the Swedes The discord of the Generals appeared This Army was sacrificed to the hatred which Wallenstein already carryed to such as were able to hurt him and therefore being Generalissmo he s ent the chief command to Grondstfeldt against the opinion and advice of the Electour of Colein Had there been a good harmonic amongst them they had not only succoured Hamelen but easily brought the War also into Meckelenburgh and Pomerania But it was to beat the Dog before the Wolfe This check advanced the Swedish Party favoured Frithlands designe aflicted all the Archbishoprick of Colein and put the French in mind that it was time to go into Lorraine to catch some planks of that ship which threatned to make ship wrack The Italians succour Brisat The Duke of Feria came with an Army of Italians to succour Alsatia where he had the same vexations though a little better end for he succoured Brisac crossed Horns Progresse and made those Catholick Provinces a little respire but the poor Peasants had the worst of it and the Italians being much ransacked and wasted by diseases he was forced to returne the same way he came Wallenstein would have had him obey his Orders as Generalissmo but he made a deaf ears however the other laid so many ginns in his way that he had much adoe to escape them and so all Alsatia save only Brisac suffered the Swedish yoke But since we are upon the Fronteer of Lorraine let us look what passes there before we take our flight to any other place CHAP. XXX The Siedge Nancy Rantsaw makes himself known at the Encounter of Haguenaw and at the Siedge of Andernack GReat Princes are always obliged to maintain their Stats conserve their Subjects and by the Maxims of prudence and justice divert the storme before it fall and overwhelme them The Duke of Lorraine arms The Duke of Lorraine seeing almost all Alsatia subdued by the Swedes and knowing the danger could not be far from himself when his neighbours house was on fire judged it more then time to look about him Wherefore he made levyes whereat the King of France formalized and marched into the Field A sad condition for a Soveraigne Prince that he may not be permitted to raise men for his own defence But the weakest must to the Wall For neither were the reasons which they alledged sufficient to justify their proceedings nor his strong enough to secure him from shipwrack The Cardinal of Lorraine went to meet the King and endeavoured to divert him by acquainting him with his brothers intentions which were all good but all this was not able to stop him It was in vain to speak for words are fruitlesse to such as are already condemned All Europe belongs to the Crowne of France and by consequence Lorraine See Arroy The Siedge of Nancy The King besieged Nancy The duke protested that he had desired nothing but peace and good correspondence with his Majesty Whilest this was a doing the Princesse Margaret made her escape disguised and went into the Low-Countries to her husband who came to meet her at Namurs and conducted her to Brussels where she was received by the Infanta with honour agreeable to her quality They of Colein took the protection of France The Swedes and their Allyes having obtained so great a Victory as that whereof we have lately spoken with so little losse entred into the Archbishoprick of Colein and tormented it so much that the Magistrates induced by the arguments of their Syndick and some others together with the necessity of their assayrs concluded upon the dispatch of their Embassadours to the King of France to implore his protection They had recourse to a Catholick Prince to shelter them from the insolence of Protestants and that by consent of the Clergy but the Citizens being most affectionate to their old Master would not be satisfyed by these reasons The said Embassadours were most honourably receaved at the Camp before Nancy where the Cardinal spared none of his Compliments the holy-water of the Court nor feates of cunning and skil to accomplish so huge a Conquest as this which would be sure to draine all the Emperours resources or fresh springs about the Rheyn hinder the Communication of the Spaniards with the Empyre and serve for an infallible meanes to seize upon the Low-Countryes But it chanced that some inopinated accidents and the good successe of a Battail made them of Colein repent and this Bargain miscarry to the said Cardinals great displeasure Nancy rendred The Duke of Lorraine found himself obliged for the obtaining of peace to yeeld up Nancy upon the same conditions that he had done the three other Towns being counselled not to expect extremities lest peradventure he might thereby incur the hazard of losing all his States Wherefore he did it with much freedom and submission but it had been better for him to have sustained the siege and expected the worst for his Country was not restored to him nor ever will be till his Enemies shall not be able to keep it any longer and shall have enough to do also to keep themselves in regard of forrain revolutions They reproached him that he had given his Sister in marriage to the Duke of Orleans against the lawes of the Kingdom and that he had refused to do homage to the King for the Dutchy of Bar. The former of these was excused by the said Duke of Orleans himself upon the
and all reduced to the same state wherein it was in the year 1627. and all such Ecclesiastical Lands and Goods as the Protestants had appropriated to themselves after the agreement of Pastavia confirmed upon them for forty years and at the expiration of this terme the difference to be composed in an amicable way Which displeases the most zealous But now the most zealous of both Parties not being pleased with this Peace the Emperour perceived that France was cutting some work for him and that of the Empire being but roughly framed he wisely considered that he who will make war abroad must make peace at home Such as would be comprised in this Agreement were obliged to give their forces to the Emperour their Head under paine of being declared Enemies to the Empire and so they resolved though many of them with grudging to enter this holy Temple of Peace from which yet since they could not force it many of them flinched afterwards upon the first occasion with greater animosities then ever as we will shortly demonstrate A Peace constrained is like a rapid Brook which may be stopped for a time by a strong Dam or Sluce though at length it either peirce it or flow over it The Dukes of Meckelemburgh were pardoned and re-invested in their Dutchyes And all participated of this common Good save onely the Lands which had been occupated or seized on by the Swedes and Duke Bernard Duke Bernard goes into France who not having been able to recover what his Ancestours had lost cast his eyes upon the Flower de Luce whose favour with that King had kindled a great jealousie in the Electors Soul which turned into hatred against the Swedes as it appeared in the continuation of the War The scatterings of this Army rallyed neer Francfurt and the Ryngrave who had had his singer in the pye and saved himselfe by swimming was there with the Great Chanceller Oxenstern who did all he could to hinder this Peace or re-Union of the Members with their Head For he pretended that being the Queens Lieutennant the direction of the Affairs belonged to him but neither his arguments nor any such as sounded like them could be heard Indeed if we must seek the justice of a Cause in good successe and argument the complaints of the Swedes seemed in some sort lawful and the reproaches which they cast upon the Germans proceeded from a strong resentment Is this the recompence said they of so many labours and troubles as we have suffered and so many Battels as we have hazarded for your liberty Do you make us this ungrateful payment for the blood which we have shed and for the life which our King hath lost to free you from the oppression of the Spaniards and save your Religion How will you endure to hear that they who have been your Deliverers shall be called your Enemies These notes rung loude every where and found both the eares and the hearts of a multitude of Protestants open to produce a seed the bitternesse whereof was soon tasted however they had to do with a Nation which was but too grateful and acknowledging The Elector of Saxony both in his own name and that of the whole Protestant Body offered them a hundred thousand Rix-Dollars for a reward and ordered them to withdraw A reward offered the Swedes which they refuse but they would have more and stay'd hankering and hunting after many difficulties for they saw that they had yet many good Towns and Provinces and that the whole Empire was not able to beat them out of Pomerania They had the Allyance of France the affections of the people yea and of some Princes alsounder hand who had signed the Peace but by constraint and with regret And so in fine they took a firme resolution to stand it out There is collusion and cheatery as well in Germany as in other Nations and Macchiavels lessons are very much practiced there in this Age. The Chanceller Oxenstern environed by a great number of Counts Barons and great Lords kept his Court at Francfurt but finding the approach of the Conquerours he made a stronger Allyance with the King of France put Philipsburgh and all that which the Swedes held thereabouts into his hands for a huge summe of money and retired himselfe with Rautzaw through France and Holland into Sweden having sent before his departure his Traine of a hundred and fifty brave horses for breed into Pomerania which fell all into his Enemies hands A Vessel loaden with Spoiles makes Shipwrack We must here take notice of the shipwrack of a certain Vessel which departed with a faire winde from Wismar fully loaden with the richest spoiles and principally those of the Churches for besides some silver Organs the twelve Apostles of Wurtzburgh were all shut up in this belly of wood But being neer her time she was delivered without a Midwife and all was lost within a league of Sweden save onely one man who escaped to carry the newes and bid them not expect her The spoiles of the Church produce nothing but misfortune CHAP. II The answer to the complaints of the Swedes The Cardinal of Richelieu will besiege Colein The States refuse succour He endeavours to ruine the House of Lorraine The Dutchesse Nicoll at Paris Prince Francis carried prisoner to the Cittadel of Nancy THe complaints of the Swedes had their answer which was that they had had wages and booty that the Germans did not send for them but that they joyned together amongst themselves The reproaches of the Germans to the Swedes and that the Princes were not obliged to continue the war to glutt their ambition and avarice That they had obtained that for which they took arms That the recompence which was offered them freed the Princes from ingratitude That it was not lawful for them to sell or alienate the Lands and Goods of the Empire and much lesse to draw the French their old enemies into Germany In briefe that their pretexts were but illusions to amuse and battle the Plaicsends of the Germans But let us now bring the French upon the Stage who will peradventure beat down this tottered Building since they are invited to it by the Swedes That great Cardinal the worthy Instrument of all bloody Playes and principal mover of that furious Ball or Revel which was so long danced amongst Christians was alwayes either neer or in Lorraine to provide for all occurrences and remedy the suddain changes of Fortune He was so extreamly angry at the inconstance of the Colonians The Cardinal demands succour of the Hollanders to besiege Colein but in vaine or Citizens of Colein that he could not long dissemble it And therefore he sent to intreat the Sates-General of Holland to assist him in his designe and by vertue of the streight Allyance to succour the French Army which he had destinated to besiege that City with Victuals Munition and some Shallops But they answered that they could
Duke of Mercoeur had been before Canisse in Hungary Hatsfeldt fell sick and the Swedes being re-inforced divided themselves into two Bands or Bodies the one under Bannier to go towards Silesia and the other under Wranghel towards Marche but this latter was met and defeated by General Bredaw which losse obliged them to stay in Pomerania During this bloody knocking where Fortune remained not constant the Landgrave William being advertised of the retreate of the Swedes began also to think of his own for Cassel was not able to shelter him and so he retyred into Holland with his Wife and Children himselfe and his Army The Landgrave retires into Holland with his Wife His death put themselves into East-Freezland to be shouldered by the States and the North-Sea but Parca cut off the thred of his life by a pestilent Feaver and left the Game to be played by his wife who did it with much felicity Let us leave them forging new designes and passe to the other side towards Lorraine CHAP. VI. Coleredo taken The Spainards pass into Picardy John de Werdts exploits The Siege of Dole raysed Gallasso enters into Burgundy War against the Duke of Parma who makes peace Truce prolonged in Prussia DUke Bernard of Weymar and Cardinal de la Valette having with very much adoe gotten loose from their Enemies by whom they were both followed and flanked retired themselves fighting to Metz but with the losse of Canon Baggage and a great number of men as well by the Sword as Famine And John de Werdt and Gallasso tracing them were also so received by this scourge and sicknesse that after a good part of their Army was consumed they were forced to retreate the latter into Germany and the former into the Province of Liedge The defeate of young Coleredo by young Crecqui in Lorraine brought the war back again into Alsatia The Spaniards in Picardy with a potent Army The House of Austria to make France feel what she had made her suffer in Germany and the Low-Countries resolved to carry the war into her very bowells and to the very Gates of Paris it selfe The greatnesse of the Spanish Nation was engaged herein to make the French know that they had force enough to revenge themselves effectively and not by vaine rodomont ados or ranting For which end the Cardinal Infanto was making huge preparations all the Winter long He entred by the way of Picardy with an Army of sixteen thousand Horse and fifteen thousand Foot The Imperialists were conducted by Piccolomini and John de Werdt and the Low-Country Country Forces by Prince Thomas It was thought that Army would have devoured all France there being none but the Count of Soissons with ten or twelve Regiments to hinder their passing the River of Some Take some places Catalet Capelle and Corbie made small resistance and the other places served but for pillage Count Soissons retyred with some losse and the ransack which Iohn de Werdt made together with the dust of his Army cast terror into the City of Paris He surprised some beat others and went on with so much speed that he compelled his Enemies who were very much steeightened to keep themselves upon their guard The King raised a puissant Army and marched directly to his Enemies who not being willing to hazard the Country by a generall Battail retyred and he having after some weeks siege retaken Corbie and finding the the winter near at hand did the same But the Hollanders upon the other side not enduring to see the Spaniards in the Fort of Schenck after a siege of nine moneths constrained them to change their lodging Let us pass into Burgundy and see in what condition the Prince of Conde is there The Burgund ans say that he attacked them contrary to his own word given them Dole besieged 1626. is sueâ—ured by the Duke of Lorraine Gâ—llasso retyred into Germany and that a Prince who breaks word can never have good luck He laid Siege before Dole and the Inhabitants were resolved rather to perish all with their swords in their hands then yeeld themselves to him The Duke of Lorrain came from the Low-Countries and made him raise the siege and Galasso went out of Germany with an Army of thirty thousand men and fell upon France but stayed not long there and returned with small glory and a smaller Train after he had shewed the French that the Germans knew how to plunder as well as they However he left no mark at all of his valour behinde him for his Army being diminished by almost the one half as well through famin as flight he returned from whence he came and Monsieur de Rantzaw behaved himself so valiantly against him that he acquired the Marshalls staffe These Attacks upon the one side and the other between these two Crowns not having wrought the effects which were both feared and expected it looked as if the Kings would open their eares to the holy propositions of Peace which were made them by Pope Vrban But this Iron Age admits no such Remonstrances and all the mischiefes must be fulsilled because they have been foretold it is an Age of slaughter and not of peace Piccolomini returned into Germany and Iohn de Werdt to the Diocese of Colein after having humbled the Country of Liedge and carried the Eagles into the Kingdom of France but the Flower de Luce had yet too strong a smell for thern to suffer Hermestein bâ—eked renders by faâ—â—in the sixteenth of June 1638. The Fort of Hermestein had been two yeares blocked up and the Garrison forced by famine to consume all their horses for the Hassians were in Frienland and in France too farre off to give succour to a place which was like to be lost for want of it Some Waggons there went from Wesel with Victualls and Cloathes but Iohn de Werdt having notice thereof marched and charged the Convoy with so good successe that he routed the Cavalty and took all They of Hannaw went more cunningly to work and put three Barks loaden with provisions into their Town which passed before Mentz with a Burgundian Crosse and two souldiers clad like Monks thereby to cozen their enemies It is not the Habit which makes the Monk This Euterprise issuted well but the second was not so happy and so the French were constrained to render this good place into the hands of the Imperialists Ferdinand the Think Emperour of Germany c The Italians were not exempt from the fury of warre for after the Cardinall Infanto's departure the Duke of Parma upon some discontentments made a League with the Duke of Savoy and took the protection of France which was of much more advantage to him then it had been to the Electour of Trevirs and his subjects The two Confederates besieged Valencia where they lost their time mony and a multitude of men The Dake of Parma at Paris The said Duke of Parma was received at Paris 1636.
Imperialists victualled the Town but the magazine being spoyled by fire they were constrained to send other Provisions which happily arrived but Fortune smiled upon them to deceive them For they were furiously attacked which they sustained with advantage and the fight was stubborn the Generals being both old Souldiers but the inconstant Goddess forsook them and so their Army of twelve thousand men was utterly defeated The besieged had patience The Imperalists beaten again Brisack besieged till another was raised where with Lamboy made such a happy assault that he got possession of a Fort neer the Bridge but not being soon enough seconded he was forced to quit it again The Duke of Lorrain who took to heart the praiservation of this place had no better luck then the Imperialists General Goetz being suspected of having too much temporized was made prisoner And Reinaker the Governour after having combated a desperate famin was compelled to surrender with a huge magazine Renders by famin in the maneth of December 1638. And the Weymarian goe into Burgundy and much riches the said Town of Brisack the very pillow upon which the House of Austria reposed and the best key of the Empire If this Victory were glorious to France it was so much the more dammageable to her Enemies and Duke Bernard to take off all impediments from the French in Germany fell in upon the Free County of Burgundy which he so quelted with Sieges Encounters Picories or Robberies that he reduced in almost all under obedience to them by whose power he had fubsisted after the Battail of Mortlingen He did also as much in Lorraine and it looked as if fortune would never abandon him Duke Berrard refuses to go to Paris The King in the mean while invited him to Paris under pretext to thank him for so many Victories obtained but he chose rather to stay at Brisack which was his heart the center of all his praetentions and the inestimable Pearl of all his conquests His refusal though coloured with some reason pleased not the Cardinals palat who desired to asture himself of that Gate whatsoever it cost him In matters of State interest is only observed and all other affections pass not beyond civility This brave Prince wanted no judgment and knew well of what importance this place was and therefore had no mind to give it the French but he had to do with a man who was more cunning then himself In fine he fel sick and after having made his Wil died in the flower of his age in the midst of his Victories and of his Army Some Germans published Falls sick and dyes hat he dyed of poyson wihich was sent from afar off as if a naturall death were not as well to be found in Armies as a violent one His life This Prince was desended from the Electoral House of Saxony which dignity was taken from his Praedecestors by Charlos the fifth and transferred upon them who have and dopossess it ever since upon which account he was always an enemy to the house of Austria even to the very last gasp of his breath After the King of Sweden no Prince was more lamented by all the Protestants then he and indeed withour lying he was one of the most valliant and prosperous Captains of this Age. The King sent forth with a hundred thousand Dublous to pay the Army and keep it in his service and the Duke of Longueville went out of Burgundy to command it who left the Germans the possession of Brisack Let us leave them to untwist their jealousies and make a turne through Germany to see what passes in Westphaha since it is all in trouble again Our right way thither is by Hannaw a strong Town neer Francfurt which being well seated and considerable was in the hands of the Earle of Ramsey a Scotch Coronel who commanded there like a petty Tyrant without sparing any yea not not so much as the Count himselfe who was Lord of the Place But this domination of his proved short Hannaw taken for as good a Souldier as he was he found himselfe attacked upon a faire occasion and taken in it though he left not his small Empire but with his life The Count of Dillingburgh was chiefe of this Enterprize and of all the Associates who had interest in it Pâ—terbone by the Swedes Meppen by the Imperialâ—â—ts The Hassians upon the other side took Paterborne by force and the Baron of Velleen the strong Town of Meppen by an enterprise upon the Prince Palatin His Army was defeated by Hatsfeldt neer Lemgow and Prince Robert his brother taken prisoner and carried to Vienna Which blow made him returne to the Haghe and confesse that Fortune was not yet weary of afflicting his Family and let us go the same way with him let us be gone I say out of this poor Empire all tottered by a Tyrannical war to see another beâ—tâ—r disciplined Indeed if Evils grow worse Prodigies went also multiplying and Christian vertues being ecclipsed gave way to all forts of impâ—etiâ—s horrours blasphemies and sacriledges CHAP. IX Breda renders it selfe to the Prince of Orange Venlo and Ruremund to the Cardinal Infanto Landrecies taken The French beaten from before St. Omers and Fontarriby The Queen-mother goes into England returns to Colein and dyes The defeate before Theonuille and that of the Hollanders before Callò The ruine of the Spanish Armada or Navy The revolt of the Normans ALbeit that these two unfruitful Fields and these huge Armies on both sides made more noise then effect as it ordinarily falls out yet could not the Popes exhortations dispose the Soveraâ—gne Heads ever the sooner to a good peace but that they would needs begin again the yeare following 1037. The Prince of Orange having affronted the Spaniards with his Fleer went unforeseen and unexpectedly to besiege Breda which in eleven weeks space he took Bredà besieged and taken and Charnasse the French Embassadour was killed there with a Musket bullet The Spaniards defeated before Leucate This year was happy for France by the defeate of the Spaniards before Leucate a strong place in the County of Rossillion which was both beleaguered and succoured on Michaelmasse Eve by the Duke of Alvin and by reprize or retaking of the Isles St. Margaret and St. Honorat which had been held by the Spaniards two years by the brave Count of Harcourt with but a handful of men Landrecies a most strong Town in the County of Hemâ—nwlt The French take â—â—â—y Towns in the Low-Countries was taken by the Marshal of Chastillon after a Siege of six weeks and many other small and untenible places followed it Capell was also retaken and Danvilliers having sustained some assaults yeilded to the Count of Soissons The Cardinal Infanto not being able to succour Bredà marched towards the Moze took with small trouble Venlo Ruremund And the Spaniards Venlo Ruremund and a great Magazine appointed for
Halberstadt and his Body was carried to Stockholm His Elogies He was a valiant souldier and more happy after the death of his King then before Bohemia and chiefly Saxony felt the effects of his cruelty which was covered with the title of vengeance He redressed the Swedish affaires in Germany after the Peace and Forstenton his Successour made them glorious The Swedish and Weymarian Armies being joyned together and fearing lest the Imperielists should succour Wolfenbottle which was besieged by the Dukes of Brunswick they all marched and incamped themselves before the said Town where we will leave them wasting and consuming in expectation of the success of the Siege CHAP. XI The prudence of the Cardinal Duke The Duke of Lorraine â—goes to Paris and why The Count of Soissons the Duke of Guise and Bouillon retire to Sedan The fight with Lamboy The Marshal of Chatillon The taking of Aire The Cardinal Infanto retires to Brussels his death GOod Mariners very often foresee a great Storme in a great Calme In high prosperity we must apprehend some misfortunes which being prevised will be lesse able to hurt by meanes of the preventive remedies which may be procured This potent Minister during the time of good successe had his eyes upon the Poupe of that vast Vessel the government whereof he had in his hands thereby to observe which way the Tempest might chance to come He easily discovered by the discontentment of some certaine Princes a kinde of fog which by condensing might cause a furious blast It is not sufficient to know what passes but to foresee also what is to come Wherefore he secretly caused the Duke of Lorraines pulse to be felt and laboured to untie him from the interest of Spain by rendring him his States The Duke who had so often experimented his pranks and who never had any other then good thoughts for France and never changed them till he saw that they endeavoured to deprive him of his Dutchy listened to the overtures made him received the Promises which were sent him signed to Brussels for his entire re-establishment and thereupon departed towards Paris where he was received with much honour more then a hundred and fifty Coaches going to meet him and the King expressed great kindnesse The Duke of Lorraine goes into France and benevolence to him They would make him sweare to the Treaty and yet they would keep Nancy for a pledge of his promise So that the poor Prince perceiving the Cardinals jugglings and the aversion of the Courtiers dissembled some affronts and endeavoured to withdraw himselfe thence to returne into Lorraine For they would needs ingage him against the Spaniards which he neither could nor would do The Cardinal conceiving that he would not be able to do any harme nor finde any credit in the Council of Spain suffered him to go A piece of cunning whereby he had couzened many In the mean time the discontented Princes contracted forces at Sedan with whom the Duke of Lorraine The discontented Princes at Sedan having already gotten a small body of an Army on foot refused to joyne but kept his word with the King But seeing that La Motte and some other small Places were not restored him and that he was but scoffed at by them at length full of generous resentment and zeal of revenge he cast himselfe again into the interest of Spain with intention to remaine therein till a General Peace Why would they needs retaine Nancy What assurance could he have of the restitution And what hope or apparence of constraining so great a Monarch to render it to him if he were untyed from the Spaniards If when he was re-established he should not keep his word whereof yet there was no doubt at all the King had but too much means with the forces in Germany and France to make him repent himselfe of any such light Change No no had it not been for the full restitution of his Country he would not have gone from Brussels and had they performed what they promised him he would have lived in pence and quiet with his Subjects But such as penetrated into this Ministers designes saw well enough that they would never render it him because they intended to adde to France such other Conquests as they had already made and hoped to make in Germany Those Writers who flattered the Cardinal and accused the Duke of levity either did not or would not know the bottome of the businesse and had a minde to make men believe that a Prince ought to want resentment and interest when they break their word with him in order whereunto I could produce the example of some others if it might be done without offence As soon as the season permitted the King of France put a strong Army into the Field Ayre besieged and taken under the command of Marshal de la Meillieraye who took some small places as the Islers and laid Siege to Ayre a strong Town in the Province of Artoise but the strength thereof served for nothing but to kindle the generous courage of the French who notwithstanding all the desences both within and without took it in leste then two moneths 1641. The Princes disemtented and why He sent also another Army under the conduct of Monsieur de Chatillon to watch the designes of the Princes of whose discontentments and the grounds thereof it is necessay to speak The Count of Soissons a Prince of the Blood having received au affront at the Siege of Corbie and many other at the Court too sensible to be endured removed himselfe and retired to Sedan where the Duke of Guise came to him and all complaining of the Cardinals unjust Ministery and of the oppression of the Kingdom they published a Manifest containing their complaints and the subject for which they took Arms which was for the peace of Europe and the expulsion of him who fomented the War They make Alliance with the House of Austria Beat the Duke of Chatillon and the Count of Soissons They made an Allyance with the Emperour and the Cardinal Infante and joyned their forces with those of General Lamboy In fine there grew a Battle wherein the brave Count of Soissons against the advice of all the Great ones would needs ingage and the Duke of Chatillon lost it and was pursued as farre as Resol This Victory was bought by the death of this brave Lord brought small profit to the Vanquishers but much more to him who was vanquished For if he had lived he would have raised more then halfe France The King left the Frontier of Flanders but the Cardinal would not leave him and so being followed by a gallant Army which shouldered that which was before Ayre they marched towards Sedan The Infanto lost no time for whilest the King was setting his Minister on work to make the Duke of Bouillon abandon the Party by promising him mountaines of Gold he besieged the Besiegers who not having
fatal to the French as Casal had been to the Spaniards nor was all that great preparation both of men The Prince of Comde in Catalunia and money able to save him from it For thinking to overcome a Place which had in vaine been attacked by two so great Warriers he besieged it whilest Harcourt was at Paris in great esteem where his vertue had already so far triumphed over all such as envyed him as that nothing was wanting but the issue of this Siege The King of Sweden when he was going to give the brave Count of Tilly battel was heard to utter these words If Fortune be against me it will not have been any grent affront to me to have lost against a man who hath alwayes been victorious but if she look upon me with a propitions eye what glory will be due to me for having surmounted a Mars who hath been alwayes invincible Besieges Lerida in vaine This young Alexander swolne with Victories continued the Siege but meeting with the same impossibilities the same disbandings and the strong relief which was near at hand he was faine to with draw himselfe from a place which was so disasterous to the French God hath limited Conquests and therefore let him come back into France Leaves the Country where he was reserved for great affairs For the horrible Change which hapned at Neaples the Comedy mingled with blood and the Tragedy interlarded with ridiculous accidents will not suffer us to stay any longer in Catalunia whether the King sent the Marshal of Schoonbergh who by a remarkable felicity repaired these disasters THE HISTORY OF THIS IRON AGE THE SECOND BOOK CHAP. I The tumu'ts at Naples begun by Thomaso Aniello and why The History of Conradine Prince of Swaveland His death The Sicilian Vespers or Even-Songs The History of Catenesa and of the Tragedies which happened at Naples PEace is an effect of Gods Grace and War another of his just Choler For since Charity is grown cold Faith almost dead and the wickednesse of man universall we must not wonder if the punishment of this present time be extended upon the whole Body of Christendom without exception of Age Sex or Condition But that which is most insupportable is the wicked have the winde in poupe and prosper and as the exhalations are ordinarily drawne from the vapours which offuscate or darken the Sun just so impunity of offences causes this disorder The Kingdom of Naples had been oft enough advertised of a scourge which was prepared for it by that Mountain near it which so often vomited up lumps of fire and sent it snowes of ashes but the Preservatives hindred not the disease The strange accidents happened in the kingdom of Naples in former ages The strange accidents which happened in this kingdom in the twelfth and thirteenth Age make us confesse that wickednesse parricides and perfidies were already known in those times but not so universally as in these For if there were found great vices amongst some great persons there were also found more vertues more piety and a quick and lively Faith in generall through all Christendom But at present Justice is trodden under foot mony does all vertue is made a laughing-stock even by them who boast to have drawn their Origin from it and vice being a la mode or in fashion is esteemed yea many sin rather by example then by inclination in this depraved Age and more to please the vicious then for that they approve of the vice By how much the more the Great ones retyre themselves from the Commons by so much the more do the Commons endeavour to withdraw themselves from their service But let us stay at Naples The infamous death to which Charles of Ainoâ—ü put Frederick Duke of Austria and his young Cousin Couradine the last Duke of the most ancient Imperial House of Swaveland for having sought his own Right which was taken from him by the Pope and given to the said Charles teaches us that this is not the first time that Soveraignes have ended their lives by the hand of an ordinary Executioner and that a good cause hath not alwayes a good issue For the three hundred French Gentlemen who were sacrificed to the spirits of these two Lords and the Torches of the Sicilian Vespers or Even-songs which were extinguished in the blood of the same nation tell us that vengeance hath alwayes been sweet and that it is most dangerous to put an irritated people into fury This Gatenesa from a mean Landress being grown the Nurse of a Prince and afterwards Governess of six Princesses one after another with such an absolute power upon their mindes and chiefly upon that of the last that she grew to dispose of the greatest Charges and Offices of the kingdom and distributed the best part thereof amongst her own children saw her self at last with all her family dragged to the execution Yea a King was hanged at the Grate of a window by consent of his wife and she some years after strangled by a just judgement of the Great Judge These were the miracles or rather the prodigies of those Ages which hapened all in the said kingdom with so many other as make us conclude that usurped possessions seldom pass to the fourth Heyr or else alwayes cause troubles Towards the end of the fourteenth Age this kingdom being revolted from Alfonso of Arragon the States thereof offered the Crown to Charles the eighth King of France who easily got it into his possession and the Neapolitans with the same facility shook off that yoke afterwards for being frustrated of their Charges and recalled the aforesaid Arragonian The French returned thither by the commandment of Lewis the twelfth who ought to share it with Ferdinand of Castill but they could not agree about the spoyles and so Gonsalvo rather by might then right drove them both our It hath been attacked since but not subdued and so remaines to the King of Spain Now the wars being grown hot both in Germany and the Low-Coumtries and the House of Austria finding her self taken to task by so many enemies the State of Neaples was oppressed by so many Imposts or Taxes that that House being strong and vigorous before became so lean and feeble that he could not longer carry so heavy a burthen This mischief began first to operate almost throughout all Sicily where the people constrained the Vice-King to take off the Imposts From thence it passed to Neaples and by that good success made the Ne politans take the same resolution and that by such meanes as you shall forthwith understand The beginning of the troubles at Neaples The tears of the poor peeople the advices and admonitions of some great ones the libells and burning of the Custome-Houses were all able to draw but faint promises of ease without any effect at all Whereupon a certain Fellow of the very dregs of the People who had dyed in the obscurity of his birth had
time till the Queen being supplicated to release them was content to grant it And thus Appeased was the first bout which was but precursory to greater evils past and a calme restored to that little world for three or four moneths It is very reasonable say the Strangers that the Shop where the Counsells of so many wars had been forged should feel a part of the Calamities by which Europe hath been so miserably tottered but the mischiefe falls upon the heads of the innocent Strange effects of the Divine Providence which leaves nothing firme and stable in this detestable Age and nothing unpunnished though deferred Let us passe to the second much more dangerous then the first The Queen together with the King and Princes went out of Paris upon the fifth or sixth of January at night 1649 which clandestine retreat The King goes out of Paris which causes a tumult gave the Inhabitants such an Alarme as imagining that she would revenge her selfe of the former Commotion that they took arms again with as much heate as they had done before and raised forces to conserve themselves under the command of the Duke of Beaufort Elbouf and Bouillon as also the Marshal de la Motte and their chief General was the Prince of Conty The King raised some also and there came many to him from all parts to reduce this great City to reason he had already seized upon some approaches and some hot Skermishes were made in one whereof The pretended Duke of Rohan killed His education that pretended Duke of Rohan was killed of whose education the Reader will be pleased to hear a word or two as I have been able to learne it Being yet an Infant he was carried into Holland by a certain Captain and put to nurse to a Country-woman in North-Holland where together with his milk he sucked in the love of the Roman Catholick Religion When he was grown pretty big he was sent to the Latin Schooles at Leyden but with so little care that he was as it were quite abandoned and almost reduced to the extremity of betaking himselfe to learne some Trade During this small state and low condition he told his School-fellowes and namely my sonne that he remembred well that he was come of a good House and that he well knew that he was the sonne of a French Gentleman He went publickly to the Sermons and privatly when he could to Masse which being come to the knowledge of some to whom he was recommended without knowing who he was they forbid him to go to the secret Assemblies of the Papists But in fine the vizard was taken off and the Dutchesse of Rohan acknowledged him by Letters for her sonne sent him men and mony to set up his Traine and bring him into France where he soone sound his grave for a Pistoll bullet decided the sure and the doubt of whether he were the true sonne of the deceased Duke of Rohan or no. Paris was in a more dangerous State then it had been in a long time before for the King held S. Dennis Mewdon Corbeil and Lagny so that to get out of one extremity recourse must be had to another and that to the uttermost parts of the Kingdom I mean they were faine to implore assistance of their Enemies which being favourably offered they received it The Arch-duke goes to sucour Paris 1649. The Arch-duke Leopold promised to succour the Parliament against the Perturbatour of the Peace and quiet of Christendom for so they tearmed Cardinal Mazarin with whom he refused to joyn in Arms to his own great advantage and the ruin of the Partsians Wherefore he departed in March 1649. with very good order in all parts where he passed but with discontentment to his Army which marched in the Enemies Countrey with their hands tyed without receaving mony or daring to take any thing from the Peasants Goodnesse is sometimes dammageabe and to spare ones Enemies is to give them will to hurt him and deminish his strength Cardmal Mazarin seeing the Arch-dukes approach and Parliaments care for the remedy of the disorders which threatned the Kingdome with a great breach gave way to this sterme which being once joyned might come to destroy him So that the Peace was made all those insurrections were pardoned and Leopold found at the bottom of this businesse what the Duke of Lorrain had told him before For he was advised to retyre with all speed for fear least his passage were stopt A considerable favour indeed for having saved Paris from ruin with the losse of almost two thousand Horses which dyed for want of sorrage This deceipt was imputed to the necessity of the rime which when it hath any ground passes for craft for otherwise The peace made it is but meer malice Parisians it will be payd you and your inconstance will be chastized for the busines will not be forgotten The Arch-duke being amazed at this piece of levity speedily retreated towards his borders Ypers besieged and gave the Marquis of Sfondrato order to invest Ypers which he did the 11 th of April with incredible diligence having taken some Forts which facilitated the succour of the Town from Dunkerk but he found more to doe then was imagined for they of the Garrison being in number three thousand having thrust out some fifteen hundred inhabitants such as were most suspected and shut up the Magistrates the Clergy and some of the Nobility in a Cloister til the Tragedie were finished made their Artillery sound lowde and their blowes fall heavy in many sallies and especially in that of the 24. of April when they went and beat up the quarters of the Spaniards which was a most glorious action for had the succour been ready the Town had been infallibly delivered from the Siege In fine after having well defended the Countersearpe and a Half-Moon they yeelded themselves up the eighth of May Renders it self the eighth of May 1649. after having consumed their powder and the Garrison in respect that it was Sunday went out the tenth which was Tuesday St. Venant submitted at discretion the sixth of April and the Garrison were made prisoners of War The French Army made Rendezvous between Perone and Guise being a body of five and twenty thousand effective men under the orders of that fortunate Warrier the Count of Harcourt who knowing that the Spanish Troops were scattered and dispersed marched with speed incamped and intrenched themselves before Cambray Cambray besiged and tâ—â—en This un-thought-of surprize did not a little puzed the Arch-duke who contracting all his forces hastened with the Duke of Lorrain to succour the place and so having put in a supply he obliged the Besiegers to raise the Siege This done he sent his Army into Garrison and the French out of revenge for this affront fell into Hennawlt took Conde and asked both that and all the whole County in such manner as if they had had no intention
usually happen about that season of the year withdrew themselves likewise into Harwich and Yarmouth Roades Let us leave them both labouring to repayre their ships without examining the number of the dead and wounded or lending eare to the cries and groanes of Widows and Orphanes which ring even to heaven it selfe in all parts of Europe to see what passed at that time in Guyenne and we shall meet by the way some Vessels richly loaden The French â—â—bes some ships of the Spaniands which Mons. de la Mâ—ilheraye carried in triumph from Spain to Nantes We have told you already that Bourdeaux had recourse to the Kings clemencie The reasons why Bourdeaux yealds the cause of which change was this The length of the siege the Plague Famin and more then all secret Intelligence and the Act of Oblivion prevayled for the King The â—pâ—nish Fleet â—â—rives too late In such sort as the Spanish Fleet which arrived two dayes after the accommodation returned into Spain to see the Admiral thereof beheaded and the Princesse of Condè retyred into the Low-Countries to her husband who after this reduction had no body lest in those parts who sides with him Indeed the tardity of the Spaniards and the proceeding of the Prince of Conty gave France glory and such as knew the affayres of the world matter to examine the reasons thereof All these successes were attributed to the Cardinals prudence who by destroying the Princes Party fortifyed his own and prepared himself to have the King annointed The tumult in Languedock passes like a flash for that tumult of Languedock between the Count of Rieux and them of the Religion which looked as if it would have caused an embarassement proved but a flash and forthwith disappeared so that the troubles were allayed in those two great Provinces and they in condition to see thenceforth no other forces there then they that are usually raysed for Catalunia The heat of the English recalls us speedily towards the North besides there passed nothing worthy of memory in the County of Rossillion After that bloody Navall Battail which makes the haire stand on the heads of such as hear it related and which looked as if it must needs have cooled the courage of these Champions for entring the lists any more which all Christendome beheld with terrour the English were the first who endeavoured to resume the Dance A tempest indâ—â—â—ages the English Fleet. but a horrible tempest arising made them repent their temerity and sent them back to their ports many of their ships being much incommodated In fine these most valorous Sea-souldiers gave the Belgick Lyon so many jerks and â—hogs that almost all the States of Europe foreseeing and apprehending this terrible Power desired to gain their amity amongst which the Swedes were not the last The Swedes make Amity with England to evidence that interest of State was not less near their hearts now then the pretext of Religion was formerly from which they drew so great advantage The Hollanders fearing lest the prosperity of their enemies should make them enterprize somewhat upon them by land as well as by water made the Country people take Arms and keep good Guard every where without neglecting what belonged to the Sea and the furnishing of Ships The Country people take Arms in Holland about which they laboured incessantly But this was not sufficient for they must chuse an Admirall who fell out to be Opdam of the most ancient House of Wassenaer who forthwith transported himself to Amsterdam Opdim Admirall and thence to Texel at the mouth of the North Sea to put all things in good order Eukhayse drawn out of the hands of the Rabble At the same time the Town of Enkâ—sen seated upon the South-Sea seven Leagues from Amsterdam was drawn out of the hands of the Rabble by means of some souldiers who entred very craftily whilest they were all running to the Town-house to heat a Proclamation This tumult was of so dangerous a consequence that it had dismounted the Magistrates but that of the Haghe about the young Prince A tumult at the Haghe and was begun by Children and augmented by some malicious persons who brake the glass-windowes of many houses made the Burghers or Townsmen run to their Arms and the Nobility get on horse-back to stop these petulances which deserved somewhat more then the rod. at Alckmaer That of Alckmaer had the same issue and was refrenated by the prudence of the Magistrates All which seditions had but one and the same Cause and their Pretexts were also very little different Indeed the Red-Lyon had very much to do both at home and abroad by the strength of his enemies Murmur against the States and by disunion of wills amongst his friends and such as were bound to the Helme were not a little exposed to the venimous traducements of evill tongues A tumult in England England felt also some Commotion for want of pay but that was smothered and no body stirred but some certain Seamen some whereof payd the score for all In the moueth of November the Holland Fleet having conducted another towards the Sownd and being fallen too near the Coasts was surprised by a suddain storme which cast many of the Ships so a ground A tempest afflicts the Holland Fleet. that they could not ger off into the Main and many poor Seamen miserably perished about a Musket-shot from the Mountains of Sand so that Fortune treated both parties alike in sight of the Coast laughed at their Enterprises but the more judicious sort of men foreseeing that at long running the Traffick would be utterly annihilated and the ruine of Holland advanced which was so much envied for her riches considered that a Peace though little glorious was better then a thousand triumphs The Embassadours of Holand return into England to begin the treaty of peace again Wherefore the States sent their Embassadours again to London to begin the Treaty for the last time and in case of refusal to tell the English that they would enter into a Confederation against them with some other Princes thereby to bring them to reason The confusion which was made by the plurality of voyces and the roaring of the Red Lyon rung so loud that the most considerate Lord Protector and his Parliament who regorged with booty taken from the Hollanders opened their ears to the Propositions of Peace But whilest these things were in agitation who would have believed but that many should needs be well disposed for the Kings eldest Son For the High-landers in Scotland had taken Arms and had received some from Holland the French spighted at the taking of their Fleet without a denunciation of war arrested all the English Merchants goods in Normandy the Hollanders made a shew of preparing themselves in good earnest for the war which yet notwithstanding they endeavored to shun as most pernicious to them Some beleeved