or_o any_o manner_n of_o article_n contain_v in_o that_o charter_n will_v and_o grant_v that_o such_o manner_n of_o statute_n and_o custom_n shall_v be_v void_a and_o frustrate_a for_o ever_o anno_fw-la 28_o ed._n 1._o artic._n super_fw-la chartaâ—_n ca._n 2._o upon_o complaint_n that_o the_o king_n minister_n of_o his_o house_n do_v to_o the_o great_a grievance_n and_o damage_n of_o the_o people_n take_v the_o good_n as_o well_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o the_o laity_n without_o pay_v any_o thing_n or_o else_o much_o less_o than_o the_o value_n it_o be_v ordain_v that_o no_o pourveyor_n shall_v take_v any_o thing_n but_o for_o the_o king_n house_n and_o touch_v such_o thing_n as_o they_o shall_v take_v in_o the_o country_n of_o meat_n and_o drink_n and_o such_o other_o mean_a thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o house_n they_o shall_v pay_v or_o make_v agreement_n with_o they_o of_o who_o the_o thing_n shall_v be_v take_v nor_o take_v more_o than_o shall_v be_v needful_a to_o be_v use_v 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the_o good_n of_o such_o man_n as_o have_v no_o will_n to_o sell_v they_o but_o to_o spend_v they_o for_o their_o own_o necessary_a use_n but_o afterward_o some_o abuse_n like_o weed_n get_v in_o among_o the_o best_a corn_n or_o great_a care_n of_o the_o watchful_a husbandman_n happen_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o pourveyance_n by_o take_v they_o without_o warrant_n or_o threaten_v the_o seller_n or_o assessor_n to_o make_v easy_a price_n or_o not_o pay_v ready_a money_n or_o the_o market_n rate_n for_o they_o or_o take_v more_o than_o they_o need_v or_o by_o great_a measure_n &_o make_v the_o pourveyance_n for_o divers_a nobleman_n belong_v to_o the_o court_n as_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o gloucester_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o and_o in_o his_o time_n also_o some_o ostler_n brewer_n and_o other_o victualler_n keep_v hostery_n and_o house_n of_o retail_v victual_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o realm_n have_v purchase_v the_o king_n letter_n patent_n to_o take_v horse_n and_o cart_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n do_v by_o colour_n of_o they_o take_v horse_n where_o no_o need_n be_v and_o bring_v they_o to_o their_o hostery_n and_o other_o place_n and_o there_o keep_v they_o secret_o until_o they_o have_v spend_v xx_o d_o or_o xl.d._n of_o their_o stuff_n and_o sometime_o more_o and_o then_o make_v the_o owner_n pay_v it_o before_o their_o horse_n can_v be_v deliver_v and_o sometime_o make_v they_o pay_v a_o fine_a at_o their_o will_n and_o at_o other_o time_n take_v fine_n to_o show_v favour_n and_o not_o to_o take_v their_o horse_n and_o many_o time_n will_v not_o pay_v for_o the_o hire_n of_o the_o say_a horse_n and_o cart_n divers_a act_n of_o parliament_n upon_o complaint_n at_o several_a time_n in_o parliament_n of_o the_o say_a abuse_n commit_v by_o pourveyer_n be_v make_v to_o prohibit_v and_o provide_v against_o they_o but_o none_o at_o all_o to_o take_v away_o the_o pourveyance_n it_o self_n or_o praeemption_a or_o the_o king_n just_a right_n and_o prerogatives_n therein_o but_o a_o save_n of_o the_o king_n right_n especial_o provide_v for_o in_o many_o of_o they_o as_o anno_fw-la 10_o ed._n 3._o ca._n 4._o the_o sheriff_n shall_v make_v pourveyance_n for_o the_o king_n horse_n anno_fw-la 18_o ed._n 3._o ca._n 4._o in_o the_o commission_n to_o be_v make_v for_o pourveyance_n the_o fee_n of_o the_o church_n shall_v be_v exempt_v in_o every_o place_n where_o they_o be_v find_v anno_fw-la 25_o ed._n 3._o ca._n 1._o after_o that_o in_o anno_fw-la 20_o ed._n 3._o divers_a pourveyer_n have_v be_v attaint_v and_o hang_v for_o fend_n against_o those_o law_n and_o that_o in_o the_o 23._o year_n of_o that_o king_n reign_n divers_a of_o the_o king_n pourveyer_n be_v indict_v for_o breach_n of_o those_o law_n it_o be_v enact_v that_o if_o any_o pourveyer_n of_o victual_n for_o the_o king_n queen_n or_o their_o child_n shall_v take_v corn_n litter_n or_o victual_n without_o ready_a money_n at_o the_o 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the_o antiquity_n legality_n reason_n duty_n and_o necessity_n of_o praeemption_a and_o pourveyance_n for_o the_o king_n or_o composition_n for_o his_o pourveyance_n as_o they_o be_v use_v and_o take_v for_o the_o provision_n of_o the_o king_n household_n the_o small_a charge_n and_o burden_n thereof_o to_o the_o people_z and_o the_o many_o great_a mischief_n and_o inconvenience_n which_o will_v inevitable_o follow_v the_o take_n of_o they_o away_o by_o fabian_z philipps_n manilius_n 3_o perquè_fw-fr tot_fw-la aetates_fw-la hominum_fw-la tot_fw-la tempora_fw-la &_o annos_fw-la tota_n bella_fw-la &_o varios_fw-la etiam_fw-la sub_fw-la pace_fw-la labores_fw-la virgil_n aeneid_n lib._n 8._o sic_fw-la placida_fw-la populos_fw-la in_o pace_fw-la regebat_fw-la deterior_fw-la donec_fw-la paulatìm_fw-la decolor_fw-la aetas_n et_fw-la belli_n rabbi_n &_o amor_fw-la successit_fw-la habendi_fw-la london_n print_v by_o richard_n hodgkinson_n for_o the_o author_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o 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antiquity_n right_a use_n and_o necessity_n of_o the_o praeemption_n and_o pourveyance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n or_o composition_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o their_o royal_a household_n for_o that_o your_o lordship_n be_v so_o well_o able_a to_o judge_v of_o they_o and_o have_v be_v comptroller_n of_o the_o household_n to_o his_o majesty_n royal_a father_n the_o martyr_n king_n charles_n the_o first_o and_o to_o the_o very_a great_a danger_n of_o your_o person_n and_o damage_n of_o your_o estate_n like_o one_o of_o david_n good_a servant_n go_v along_o with_o he_o in_o all_o his_o war_n and_o trouble_n when_o as_o he_o be_v first_o assault_v be_v enforce_v to_o take_v arm_n against_o a_o rebellious_a and_o hypocritical_a part_n of_o his_o people_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o people_n their_o religion_n law_n and_o liberty_n and_o the_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n and_o not_o only_o remain_v faithful_a to_o he_o during_o his_o life_n but_o after_o his_o 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view_n think_v to_o be_v a_o favourable_a and_o easy_a estimate_n some_o single_a one_o of_o which_o before_o recite_v undervaluation_n beside_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o toll_v of_o fair_n and_o market_n if_o right_o and_o just_o pay_v according_a to_o the_o true_a improve_a value_n or_o two_o of_o the_o most_o of_o they_o will_v make_v up_o in_o a_o constant_a revenue_n unto_o he_o a_o great_a deal_n more_o than_o the_o composition_n for_o his_o pourveyance_n yearly_a and_o late_o amount_v unto_o by_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o his_o rate_n or_o price_n and_o those_o of_o the_o market_n a_o due_a consideration_n whereof_o if_o there_o be_v nothing_o else_o to_o put_v in_o the_o balance_n may_v induce_v the_o earl_n marquess_n and_o duke_n of_o england_n who_o have_v receive_v their_o honour_n and_o dignity_n from_o his_o royal_a progenitor_n to_o permit_v he_o as_o well_o to_o enjoy_v his_o pourveyance_n and_o reasonable_a support_n &_o maintenance_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o royal_a family_n as_o they_o do_v take_v and_o receive_v of_o he_o their_o creation_n money_n be_v ancient_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o fine_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o county_n whereof_o the_o earl_n be_v denominate_v since_o reduce_v to_o a_o certain_a and_o yearly_a sum_n of_o money_n when_o as_o also_o not_o a_o few_o of_o they_o have_v have_v great_a and_o large_a revenue_n give_v they_o by_o his_o royal_a progenitor_n to_o uphold_v and_o sustain_v their_o dignity_n and_o honour_n and_o the_o bishop_n who_o bishopric_n and_o barony_n and_o most_o of_o the_o revenue_n belong_v unto_o they_o be_v of_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o king_n royal_a ancestor_n and_o receive_v their_o investiture_n and_o temporalty_n from_o he_o may_v if_o they_o shall_v think_v the_o compsition_n for_o pourveyance_n ought_v not_o
or_o assessment_n when_o they_o bear_v a_o moiety_n have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o fur_n of_o lapland_n bring_v unto_o he_o yearly_a for_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o and_o such_o of_o his_o court_n as_o he_o shall_v please_v to_o bestow_v they_o give_v the_o merchant_n or_o such_o as_o bring_v they_o some_o small_a retribution_n and_o reward_v many_o of_o his_o nobility_n and_o sometime_o stranger_n with_o the_o vassalage_n of_o diverse_a of_o the_o boor_n and_o husbandman_n of_o the_o nation_n who_o have_v few_o or_o no_o liberty_n of_o their_o own_o can_v make_v themselves_o gainer_n by_o invade_v germany_n and_o pretend_v to_o fight_v for_o the_o liberty_n of_o other_o man_n do_v not_o do_v as_o the_o dutch_a unite_a province_n and_o their_o hoghen_fw-mi mogen_fw-mi or_o corporation_n of_o king_n province_n be_v please_v to_o do_v who_o beside_o their_o schoorsteen_n geld_v or_o chimney_n money_n yearly_a pay_v and_o other_o money_n raise_v upon_o extraordinary_a necessity_n do_v yearly_a exact_a and_o leafy_a de_fw-fr twee_fw-fr honderâ—ste_fw-fr pen_v two_o hundred_o penny_n and_o the_o thousand_o penny_n of_o every_o man_n estate_n towards_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o war_n and_o as_o ordinary_a payment_n and_o assessment_n belgic_a quae_fw-la semel_fw-la recepta_fw-la as_o some_o of_o their_o own_o do_v acknowledge_v semper_fw-la exiguntur_fw-la once_o creep_v into_o a_o custom_n be_v always_o leavy_v the_o imposter_n uâ—n_fw-fr de_fw-fr huizen_n which_o be_v a_o eight_o penny_n pay_v out_o of_o the_o rent_n of_o every_o house_n and_o a_o gulder_n or_o our_o two_o shilling_n for_o every_o man_n or_o maidservant_n which_o the_o master_n or_o mistress_n be_v bind_v yearly_a to_o pay_v and_o as_o much_o for_o every_o wagon_n or_o boat_n the_o ship_n or_o great_a vessel_n have_v a_o rate_n impose_v upon_o they_o according_a to_o the_o tun_n six_o gulderen_n or_o twelve_o shilling_n sterling_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la upon_o every_o coach_n almost_o a_o six_o penny_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o land_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la as_o the_o magistrate_n shall_v estimate_v it_o four_o stivers_n and_o a_o half_a almost_o our_o five_o penny_n for_o every_o acre_n of_o land_n sow_v with_o corn_n or_o other_o thing_n for_o every_o month_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o sow_v of_o it_o until_o the_o reap_v or_o harvest_n thereof_o the_o fourâ—ieth_v penny_n and_o in_o amsterdam_n the_o eighti_v penny_n as_o well_o as_o the_o forty_o of_o all_o house_n land_n or_o ship_n sell_v which_o as_o to_o the_o house_n be_v so_o often_o as_o the_o state_n be_v believe_v to_o get_v in_o a_o few_o year_n the_o full_a price_n or_o value_n thereof_o den_n impost_n van_fw-mi veze_fw-mi gelde_v brieven_v which_o be_v upon_o every_o paper_n wherein_o any_o contract_n last_o will_v and_o testament_n petition_n or_o act_n in_o any_o court_n or_o assemly_n or_o before_o any_o magistrate_n shall_v be_v write_v to_o be_v of_o any_o force_n or_o validity_n and_o to_o be_v seal_v in_o the_o margin_n of_o every_o leaf_n of_o paper_n with_o a_o small_a seal_n two_o stiver_n or_o two_o penny_n half_a penny_n and_o with_o a_o great_a seal_n if_o it_o be_v of_o more_o concernment_n four_o stiver_n or_o five_o penny_n the_o impost_n van_fw-mi ongeâ—on_n cerde_v processen_v for_o a_o fine_a pay_v for_o not_o make_v good_a a_o action_n or_o suit_n for_o every_o fifty_o guilder_n or_o five_o pound_n sue_v for_o thirty_o stiver_n or_o three_o shilling_n english_a rout_n geld_v a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o salt_n sell_v by_o the_o magistrate_n at_o a_o certain_a rate_n or_o price_n to_o every_o family_n or_o town_n excise_n upon_o beer_n french_a spanish_a rhenish_a and_o brandewine_n oil_n vinegar_n butter_n corn_n ground_n at_o the_o mill_n pease_n fatche_n barley_n oat_n pease_n dry_v or_o undried_a in_o the_o oven_n apple_n pear_n nut_n grape_n herring_n salt_n fish_n candle_n either_o wax_n or_o tallow_n turf_n english_a or_o scottish_a coles_n tobacco_n soap_n pitch_n lead_v brick_n cloth_n silk_n and_o cloth_n of_o gold_n convoy_n gâ—lden_a convoy_n money_n for_o guard_v ship_n at_o sea_n and_o haven_n gelden_v for_o money_n to_o maintain_v and_o repair_v their_o port_n and_o havens_n a_o seven_o penny_n of_o the_o price_n of_o all_o beast_n or_o cattle_n sell_v three_o stiver_n for_o every_o month_n for_o every_o young_a beast_n of_o three_o year_n old_a or_o above_o and_o two_o for_o horse_n the_o nine_o penny_n of_o the_o price_n of_o sturgeon_n and_o salmon_n the_o eight_o of_o the_o price_n of_o wood_n and_o the_o nine_o of_o tapestry_n hang_n and_o guilt_n leather_n their_o licenten_a or_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v for_o pass_n or_o licence_n to_o carry_v merchandise_n into_o the_o enemy_n country_n or_o quarter_n for_o every_o hog_n or_o pig_n kill_v three_o stiver_n and_o a_o half_a for_o every_o gulder_n of_o the_o value_n cum_fw-la multis_fw-la aliis_fw-la with_o many_o other_o tax_n and_o assessment_n not_o here_o recite_v the_o most_o of_o which_o notwithstanding_o seven_o or_o eight_o year_n perfect_a and_o complete_a peace_n with_o their_o potent_a and_o long_o provoke_v enemy_n the_o spaniard_n in_o more_o than_o threescore_o year_n war_n mass_n of_o money_n expend_v on_o both_o side_n can_v be_v yet_o keep_v on_o foot_n and_o continue_v upon_o the_o pretence_n of_o pay_v of_o debt_n incur_v or_o to_o provide_v and_o furnish_v a_o treasury_n against_o future_a contingency_n or_o to_o keep_v the_o government_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o hoghen_fw-mi moghen_fw-mi high_a and_o mighty_a lord_n the_o state_n who_o have_v taste_v the_o sweetness_n of_o govern_v their_o fellow_n subject_n by_o lay_v out_o of_o the_o people_n money_n and_o impose_v tax_n to_o maintain_v that_o frame_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n which_o pessimo_fw-la exemplo_fw-la have_v so_o much_o trouble_v christendom_n and_o cost_v they_o more_o blood_n and_o money_n then_o will_v have_v subdue_v the_o turk_n and_o send_v he_o from_o his_o ottoman_a port_n to_o abide_v the_o resurrection_n of_o his_o mahomet_n or_o worthless_a progenitor_n at_o mecca_n and_o they_o that_o think_v themselves_o undo_v and_o ruin_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n government_n if_o they_o shall_v pay_v a_o ten_o for_o all_o that_o be_v buy_v or_o sell_v and_o make_v that_o to_o be_v one_o of_o their_o cause_n to_o shake_v off_o their_o obedience_n and_o engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o their_o lawful_a prince_n can_v since_o endure_v more_o than_o ten_o time_n great_a tax_n and_o imposition_n and_o can_v now_o be_v content_a to_o pay_v excessive_a rate_n and_o price_n for_o all_o thing_n that_o they_o do_v buy_v or_o use_v and_o great_a tax_n and_o tribute_n than_o any_o the_o most_o absolute_a king_n or_o prince_n will_v adventure_v to_o impose_v upon_o his_o subject_n et_fw-la haec_fw-la omne_fw-la testae_fw-la grotio_n tempus_fw-la &_o majora_fw-la &_o ferendi_fw-la assuetudine_fw-la molliâ—ra_fw-la fâ—cit_fw-la epist._n which_o as_o the_o learned_a grotius_n say_v time_n and_o a_o custom_n of_o beaâ—ing_v such_o burden_n have_v make_v more_o easy_a and_o their_o magistrate_n cunning_o observe_v the_o disposition_n of_o that_o people_n quaestus_fw-la inhiantem_fw-la ac_fw-la magis_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la quam_fw-la gloriae_fw-la ac_fw-la honoris_fw-la to_o be_v more_o greedy_a of_o gain_n and_o money_n then_o of_o honour_n or_o glory_n for_o so_o meteranus_n and_o strada_n describe_v their_o nature_n and_o condition_n 1._o have_v put_v they_o on_o and_o encourage_v they_o to_o a_o liberty_n of_o gain_n and_o enrich_n themselves_o aswell_o as_o their_o commonwealth_n and_o make_v that_o to_o be_v as_o the_o sugar_n to_o sweeten_v the_o bitterness_n of_o their_o tax_n quae_fw-la hic_fw-la multo_fw-la graviora_fw-la graviora_fw-la ac_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la siâ—_n dictis_fw-la non_fw-la liberis_fw-la regionibus_fw-la which_o be_v there_o great_a than_o in_o other_o country_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v not_o so_o free_a et_fw-la ex_fw-la hac_fw-la regiones_fw-la ac_fw-la urbes_fw-la seu_fw-la potius_fw-la earum_fw-la magistratus_fw-la liberum_fw-la absolutumque_fw-la exercent_fw-la imperium_fw-la imo_fw-la liberius_fw-la &_o absolutius_fw-la quam_fw-la multis_fw-la est_fw-la regibus_fw-la in_o sibi_fw-la subjectos_fw-la 131._o populus_fw-la autem_fw-la eodem_fw-la respecto_fw-la multo_fw-la subjectos_fw-la servilioris_fw-la &_o addictioris_fw-la est_fw-la conditionis_fw-la quam_fw-la ullae_fw-la aliae_fw-la in_o europa_n gentes_fw-la and_o by_o this_o mean_v those_o province_n and_o city_n or_o rather_o their_o governor_n or_o magistrate_n do_v exercise_v a_o â—ull_a and_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o they_o yea_o a_o great_a and_o more_o absolute_a than_o many_o king_n do_v over_o their_o subject_n and_o the_o people_n be_v thereby_o make_v to_o be_v under_o a_o great_a vassalage_n and_o in_o a_o more_o servile_a and_o slavish_a condition_n than_o any_o other_o nation_n in_o europe_n and_o it_o be_v therefore_o more_o than_o a_o surmise_n that_o lucri_fw-la faciendi_fw-la effraenata_fw-la
interpret_v fraud_n and_o deceit_n neque_fw-la verò_fw-la tantum_fw-la intellectum_fw-la rerum_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o in_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la usu_fw-la quaedam_fw-la contrahentibus_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la aequalitas_fw-la debetur_fw-la &_o ne_fw-la plus_fw-la exigatur_fw-la quam_fw-la par_fw-fr est_fw-fr and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o the_o right_a apprehension_n or_o understanding_n well_o what_o be_v buy_v but_o in_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o will_n there_o be_v a_o equality_n or_o rule_n of_o equity_n keep_v and_o observe_v betwixt_o the_o contracter_n so_o as_o nothing_o be_v exact_v or_o require_v more_o than_o be_v fit_v from_o whence_o the_o power_n of_o keep_v market_n and_o fair_n and_o of_o the_o meeting_n or_o gather_v together_o of_o the_o people_n to_o buy_v or_o sell_v thereat_o which_o have_v be_v so_o exceed_o profitable_a to_o the_o people_n and_o so_o abundant_o useful_a and_o not_o to_o be_v want_v be_v so_o original_o in_o government_n and_o so_o inherent_a to_o monarchy_n and_o magistracy_n as_o without_o the_o king_n licence_n or_o approbation_n it_o can_v not_o without_o the_o danger_n of_o sedition_n or_o ill_a intend_a or_o dangerous_a assembly_n or_o meeting_n of_o the_o people_n be_v leave_v to_o every_o man_n to_o do_v what_o he_o will_v in_o come_v thither_o nor_o be_v consistent_a with_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n to_o permit_v the_o rich_a and_o mighty_a to_o oppress_v the_o weak_a and_o needy_a by_o enhance_v of_o price_n use_v false_a weight_n or_o measure_n deceitful_a deal_n or_o sale_n of_o corrupt_a and_o unwholesome_a victual_n and_o in_o that_o particular_a also_o have_v no_o worse_a a_o foundation_n and_o original_n than_o the_o law_n and_o command_n of_o the_o almighty_a and_o the_o king_n of_o king_n 36._o you_o shall_v do_v no_o unrighteousness_n in_o judgement_n in_o meet_a yard_n in_o weight_n or_o in_o measure_n just_a balance_n just_a weight_n a_o just_a ephah_n and_o a_o just_a hin_n shall_v you_o have_v a_o false_a balance_n be_v a_o abomination_n to_o the_o lord_n but_o a_o just_a weight_n be_v his_o delight_n a_o just_a weight_n and_o balance_n be_v the_o lord_n or_o as_o the_o latin_a have_v it_o judicia_fw-la domini_fw-la sunt_fw-la 11._o all_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o bag_n be_v he_o 27.3_o &_o omnis_fw-la aestimatio_fw-la siclo_fw-la sanctuarii_fw-la ponderabitur_fw-la and_o the_o shekel_n of_o the_o sanctuary_n be_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n or_o standard_n et_fw-la statutum_fw-la ergo_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o haebraeorâ—m_fw-la republica_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la venditiones_fw-la emptiones_fw-la omnesque_fw-la contractus_fw-la qui_fw-la pecunia_fw-la conficiebantur_fw-la probatis_fw-la siclis_fw-la juxta_fw-la justum_fw-la sicli_fw-la sanctuarii_fw-la conficerentur_fw-la and_o it_o be_v therefore_o say_v 11._o menochius_fw-la a_o custom_n or_o law_n among_o the_o hebrew_n that_o all_o buy_v selling_n and_o contract_n make_v for_o money_n shall_v be_v according_a to_o that_o shekel_n &_o magistratibus_fw-la constitutis_fw-la ementium_fw-la indemnitati_fw-la consultum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o the_o care_n that_o buyer_n shall_v not_o be_v deceive_v belong_v to_o the_o magistrate_n the_o athenian_n have_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 3._o ad_fw-la quos_fw-la pertinebat_fw-la curare_fw-la ut_fw-la venditores_fw-la justis_fw-la mensuris_fw-la uterentur_fw-la officer_n like_o our_o clerk_n of_o the_o market_n which_o do_v oversee_v and_o take_v care_n that_o the_o seller_n shall_v sell_v by_o just_a and_o true_a measure_n and_o the_o other_o cites_n and_o part_n of_o greece_n be_v not_o without_o their_o officer_n qui_fw-la negotiationi_fw-la &_o nundinationi_fw-la praefuerunt_fw-la which_o be_v appoint_v to_o look_v to_o the_o market_n and_o fair_n which_o politic._n aristotle_n like_v so_o well_o of_o as_o he_o make_v it_o to_o be_v primum_fw-la ex_fw-la necessariis_fw-la more_fw-mi then_o ordinary_o necessary_a to_o which_o be_v something_o near_o relate_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o athens_n qui_fw-la curabant_fw-la ut_fw-la frumentum_fw-la farinae_fw-la &_o pane_n justo_fw-la pretio_fw-la venderentur_fw-la eâ—rumque_fw-la decem_fw-la in_o urbe_fw-la jus_o dicebant_fw-la quinque_fw-la in_o piraeo_n which_o order_v corn_n bread_n and_o other_o provision_n to_o be_v sell_v at_o reasonable_a rate_n ten_o of_o which_o have_v their_o judicatories_n in_o the_o city_n itself_o and_o five_o in_o the_o piraeum_n or_o haven_n whence_o probable_o the_o roman_n their_o imitator_n and_o after_o subduers_a have_v learn_v it_o have_v their_o 24._o aedile_n cereales_fw-la qui_fw-la falsas_fw-la mensuras_fw-la frangebant_fw-la which_o break_v any_o false_a measure_n they_o can_v find_v and_o impose_v fine_n upon_o offender_n quibus_fw-la as_o st._n hierom_n say_v 4._o vendentium_fw-la rabbis_n coercebatur_fw-la the_o extortion_n of_o seller_n be_v hinder_v and_o some_o age_n after_o under_o their_o emperor_n 5._o vini_fw-la carnis_fw-la &_o sabiâ—_n curam_fw-la prefectus_fw-la annonâ—_n habebat_fw-la ut_fw-la ne_fw-la immodico_fw-la pretio_fw-la obsonia_fw-la venderentur_fw-la the_o perfect_a or_o surveyor_n of_o victual_n and_o provision_n do_v take_v care_n that_o wine_n flesh_n salt_n and_o victual_n shall_v not_o be_v sell_v at_o unreasonable_a price_n aestimabantur_fw-la pecora_fw-la pro_fw-la anni_fw-la fertilitate_fw-la &_o usu_fw-la temporum_fw-la and_o set_v the_o rate_n of_o cattle_n according_a to_o the_o plenty_n of_o the_o year_n or_o accustom_a rate_n et_fw-la pecâ—rum_fw-la carniumque_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la ad_fw-la victum_fw-la civium_fw-la spectantium_fw-la prefectus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la arbyter_n erat_fw-la and_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n have_v also_o a_o power_n of_o rate_v the_o price_n of_o cattle_n flesh_n and_o other_o victual_n and_o the_o civil_a law_n inform_v we_o that_o in_o every_o town_n of_o the_o poâ—der_n roman_a empire_n which_o be_v once_o extend_v over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n there_o be_v some_o appoint_v to_o look_v to_o weight_n and_o measure_n which_o the_o goth_n as_o small_a friend_n as_o they_o be_v of_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o well_o like_v as_o they_o can_v not_o but_o cut_v out_o a_o pattern_n by_o it_o and_o the_o frank_n german_n swede_n and_o spaniard_n and_o all_o other_o nation_n of_o europe_n within_o the_o large_a line_n of_o communication_n of_o the_o jus_fw-la caesareum_fw-la or_o civil_a law_n though_o some_o of_o they_o as_o the_o dutch_a hungarian_n and_o other_o gain_v the_o great_a excise_n or_o tribute_n by_o the_o rise_n or_o heighten_v of_o the_o price_n of_o many_o thing_n which_o be_v sell_v at_o the_o market_n in_o the_o great_a and_o western_a empire_n of_o the_o roman_n hold_v to_o be_v so_o consistent_a with_o mercator_fw-la right_a reason_n and_o the_o end_n and_o good_a of_o government_n as_o by_o the_o love_n and_o like_n or_o necessity_n of_o it_o they_o will_v make_v that_o and_o no_o other_o the_o path_n and_o ready_a way_n to_o suppress_v or_o prevent_v the_o people_n too_o much_o exact_v and_o oppress_v of_o one_o another_o in_o the_o daily_a use_n of_o victual_n and_o necessary_n as_o the_o banda_n or_o rate_v set_v by_o the_o magistrate_n in_o rome_n florence_n italy_n and_o spain_n upon_o butcher_n meat_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o victual_n and_o commodity_n so_o as_o a_o child_n may_v be_v send_v to_o market_n and_o not_o be_v cozen_v will_v sufficient_o evidence_n the_o wisigothe_n ordain_v double_a the_o price_n quantum_fw-la de_fw-la justo_fw-la pretio_fw-la fraudatum_fw-la est_fw-la as_o much_o as_o be_v over_o and_o above_o their_o just_a price_n to_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o buyer_n to_o the_o seller_n et_fw-la si_fw-la in_o 5.6_o contractu_fw-la venditionis_fw-la minus_fw-la precium_fw-la datum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la &_o per_fw-la fraudem_fw-la if_o in_o the_o bargain_n a_o lesser_a price_n be_v give_v by_o deceit_n aut_fw-la etiam_fw-la contra_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la vendentis_fw-la amplius_fw-la datum_fw-la precium_fw-la or_o a_o price_n great_a than_o the_o seller_n will_v have_v take_v and_o four_o time_n the_o 259._o value_n of_o what_o be_v gain_v by_o deceit_n by_o false_a weight_n or_o measure_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o party_n grieve_v the_o old_a 78._o almain_n do_v rate_n and_o set_v the_o price_n of_o oxen._n the_o emperor_n charlemaigne_n command_v the_o longobard_n ut_fw-la mensurae_fw-la secundum_fw-la jussionem_fw-la svam_fw-la aequales_fw-la fiant_fw-la that_o their_o measure_n shall_v as_o he_o have_v ordain_v be_v 151._o equal_a and_o in_o time_n of_o scarcity_n and_o famine_n limit_v the_o price_n of_o oat_n and_o barley_n the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o second_o in_o anno_fw-la 1224._o ordain_v that_o deprehensus_fw-la in_o dolo_fw-la cibaria_fw-la prohibita_fw-la vel_fw-la corrupta_fw-la vel_fw-la vinum_fw-la lymphatum_fw-la pro_fw-la puro_fw-la vendendo_fw-la that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o 36._o sicilian_n shall_v deceive_v another_o or_o sell_v prohibit_v or_o corrupt_a meat_n or_o bad_a and_o adulterate_a wine_n though_o by_o no_o worse_a ingredient_n than_o water_n for_o good_a he_o shall_v pay_v a_o pound_n of_o the_o pure_a gold_n to_o his_o exchequer_n if_o he_o be_v poor_a and_o can_v not_o pay_v it_o he_o shall_v be_v
beat_v and_o if_o take_v in_o the_o fault_n the_o second_o time_n shall_v loose_v his_o hand_n and_o the_o three_o time_n shall_v be_v hang_v et_fw-la ad_fw-la legitima_fw-la pondera_fw-la &_o mensuras_fw-la merces_fw-la quaslibet_fw-la vendere_fw-la voluit_fw-la venditores_fw-la and_o command_v that_o all_o thing_n shall_v be_v sell_v by_o just_a weight_n and_o measure_n ordain_v that_o whosoever_o shall_v be_v find_v guilty_a in_o do_v contrary_a thereunto_o shall_v pay_v a_o pound_n of_o the_o pure_a gold_n to_o his_o treasury_n quam_fw-la si_fw-la dare_v non_fw-la poterit_fw-la condemnatus_fw-la cum_fw-la pondere_fw-la &_o mensura_fw-la ad_fw-la collum_fw-la ejus_fw-la appensis_fw-la in_o svi_fw-la paenam_fw-la a_o well_o deserve_v punishment_n and_o every_o where_o to_o be_v imitate_v &_o aliorum_fw-la exemplum_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la in_o qua_fw-la fraudem_fw-la commiserit_fw-la publicae_fw-la fustigetur_fw-la which_o if_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v he_o be_v with_o the_o weight_n or_o measure_n hang_v about_o his_o neck_n for_o a_o punishment_n to_o deter_v other_o from_o do_v the_o like_a to_o be_v beat_v about_o the_o place_n where_o the_o fraud_n be_v commit_v for_o the_o second_o offence_n to_o have_v his_o hand_n cut_v off_o and_o for_o the_o three_o to_o be_v hang_v the_o 2._o swede_n ordain_v that_o all_o moveable_n shall_v be_v buy_v presentia_fw-la testium_fw-la before_o witness_n and_o impose_v penalty_n upon_o any_o deceit_n use_v therein_o and_o in_o the_o former_a france_n for_o the_o modern_a aught_o to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o ancient_a as_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n since_o unhapy_o exchange_v their_o ancient_a law_n &_o liberty_n for_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n the_o survey_n &_o correction_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v as_o it_o be_v former_o un_fw-fr droit_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr couronne_fw-fr a_fw-fr right_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o ancient_o there_o be_v roys_n des_fw-fr mercier_n en_fw-fr toutes_fw-fr les_fw-fr province_n de_fw-fr france_n proveus_fw-la par_fw-fr le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr chambrier_n de_fw-fr france_n qui_fw-fr avoyent_n la_fw-fr visitation_n des_fw-fr poid_v et_fw-fr balance_n some_o officer_n call_v king_n of_o the_o 9_o mercer_n in_o every_o province_n of_o france_n appoint_v by_o the_o great_a chamberlain_n of_o france_n which_o be_v to_o visit_v the_o weight_n measure_n and_o balance_n and_o tiller_n say_v that_o the_o grand_a chambellan_n himself_o be_v therefore_o sometime_o call_v roy_fw-fr de_fw-fr mercier_n &_o quand_fw-fr l'_fw-fr office_n feodall_n du_fw-fr grand_fw-fr chambrier_n avec_fw-fr ses_fw-fr dependence_n a_o esâ—e_fw-fr reiiny_n a_fw-fr la_fw-fr couronne_fw-fr par_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr francois_n le_fw-fr premier_fw-fr en_fw-fr l'_fw-fr a_fw-fr 1545_o les_fw-fr roys_n ont_fw-fr bien_fw-fr commis_fw-la des_fw-fr visiteurs_fw-fr ou_fw-fr roys_n des_fw-fr mercier_n etc._n etc._n king_n of_o the_o mercer_n and_o that_o when_o the_o office_n feodal_n of_o the_o great_a chamberlain_n with_o its_o dependence_n be_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o king_n francis_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n 1545._o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v since_o appoint_v those_o visiteur_n etc._n etc._n et_fw-fr qu'en_n la_fw-fr menue_fw-fr merchandise_n qui_fw-fr sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr victual_n et_fw-fr autres_fw-fr petites_fw-fr commoditez_fw-fr pour_fw-fr l'_fw-fr entretien_n et_fw-fr usage_n iournalier_fw-fr du_fw-fr peuple_fw-fr les_fw-fr juges_fw-la de_fw-fr police_n y_fw-fr peuvent_fw-fr mettre_fw-fr tax_n et_fw-fr fair_a tout_fw-fr autre_fw-fr reglement_fw-fr pour_fw-fr empescher_fw-fr les_fw-fr monopole_n et_fw-fr autres_fw-fr abus_fw-la mesme_fw-fr pour_fw-fr fair_a fournir_fw-fr l'_fw-fr habitant_fw-la avant_fw-fr le_fw-fr marchand_n qui_fw-fr les_fw-fr vent_n revendre_fw-fr and_o as_o touch_v small_a merchandise_n as_o victual_n and_o other_o the_o like_a commodity_n for_o the_o daily_a use_n of_o the_o people_n the_o magistrate_n or_o judge_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n may_v set_v a_o rate_n or_o price_n make_v order_n to_o prevent_v ingrossing_n monopoly_n or_o other_o abuse_n and_o command_v the_o seller_n to_o furnish_v the_o inhabitant_n before_o such_o as_o buy_v to_o sell_v again_o et_fw-fr de_fw-fr cet_fw-fr article_n dependent_a les_fw-fr poid_v &_o mesure_n pour_v ce_fw-fr qu'en_n vain_a y_fw-fr mettroit_fw-fr en_fw-fr le_fw-fr prix_fw-fr si_fw-fr le_fw-fr poid_v et_fw-fr mesure_n n'y_fw-fr estoient_fw-fr certaines_fw-fr &_o juste_n and_o to_o they_o the_o care_n of_o weight_n and_o measure_n appertain_v for_o that_o otherwise_o it_o will_v be_v in_o vain_a to_o set_v the_o price_n if_o the_o measure_n and_o weight_n shall_v not_o be_v certain_a and_o just_a and_o our_o saxon_a king_n do_v think_v the_o marker_n deserve_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a care_n to_o be_v take_v therein_o when_o as_o king_n alured_n or_o alfred_n as_o good_a in_o his_o government_n as_o his_o name_n do_v as_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n think_v most_o probable_o ordain_v court_n leet_n to_o be_v hold_v twice_o a_o year_n in_o singulis_fw-la villis_fw-la in_o every_o or_o many_o town_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o in_o the_o multitude_n of_o those_o very_a atnient_a little_a court_n which_o our_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n have_v ever_o find_v to_o be_v very_o useful_a for_o their_o own_o just_a right_n and_o power_n over_o their_o tenant_n in_o their_o regality_n as_o they_o be_v now_o call_v and_o subordinate_a jurisdiction_n and_o if_o well_o observe_v and_o look_v unto_o will_v be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o profit_n both_o of_o the_o king_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o his_o people_n the_o steward_n give_v at_o this_o day_n in_o charge_n to_o the_o jury_n little_a or_o not_o at_o all_o observe_v the_o more_o be_v the_o pity_n to_o the_o great_a inconvenience_n and_o grievance_n of_o the_o people_n to_o inquire_v of_o deceit_n and_o abuse_n in_o trade_n or_o such_o as_o make_v or_o sell_v deceitful_a ware_n or_o sell_v by_o false_a weight_n and_o measure_n of_o baker_n and_o brewer_n which_o keep_v not_o the_o assize_n price_n and_o quantity_n according_a to_o the_o write_n or_o roll_n of_o the_o king_n marshalsey_n of_o victualler_n and_o fisher_n sell_v at_o unreasonable_a rate_n of_o forestaller_n regrator_n and_o engrosser_n or_o which_o buy_v up_o corn_n butter_n cheese_n and_o other_o victual_n with_o a_o intent_n to_o sell_v again_o to_o advance_v the_o price_n thereof_o etc._n etc._n king_n 2._o edward_n in_o anno_fw-la 912._o do_v ordain_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v buy_v any_o thing_n without_o a_o voucher_n nor_o out_o of_o a_o town_n unless_o in_o presence_n of_o a_o magistrate_n or_o other_o good_a man_n king_n 12._o athelstane_n about_o anno_fw-la 930._o ordain_v that_o extra_fw-la oppidum_fw-la quicquam_fw-la viginti_fw-la denariis_fw-la carius_fw-la aestimatum_fw-la no_o man_n shall_v buy_v any_o thing_n out_o of_o a_o town_n of_o above_o the_o value_n of_o twenty_o penny_n or_o within_o the_o town_n but_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o magistrate_n or_o the_o king_n officer_n king_n 8._o edgar_z do_v about_o the_o year_n 960._o ordain_v the_o price_n wool_n with_o a_o nec_fw-la pluris_fw-la be_v vendatur_fw-la that_o more_o shall_v not_o be_v give_v for_o it_o 22._o canutus_n make_v a_o law_n against_o false_a weight_n and_o measure_n and_o no_o man_n in_o city_n and_o country_n be_v to_o buy_v any_o thing_n live_v or_o dead_a exceed_v the_o price_n of_o four_o penny_n without_o the_o testimony_n of_o four_o good_a witness_n and_o if_o he_o do_v and_o another_o claim_v it_o he_o shall_v not_o vouch_v he_o that_o sell_v it_o the_o 24._o thol_n or_o toll_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o be_v before_o and_o at_o the_o conquest_n usual_o pay_v pro_fw-la libertate_fw-la vendendi_fw-la &_o â—mendi_fw-la for_o licence_n to_o buy_v or_o sell_v or_o as_o a_o tribute_n upon_o the_o sale_n thereof_o every_o man_n be_v 38._o prohibit_v to_o buy_v any_o thing_n sine_fw-la fidejussoribus_fw-la without_o voucher_n or_o pledge_n and_o if_o the_o seller_n have_v not_o pledge_n he_o be_v to_o be_v stay_v or_o arrest_v until_o he_o have_v bring_v a_o warranty_n et_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la aliter_fw-la emeret_fw-la quod_fw-la stultè_fw-la emisset_fw-la cito_fw-la perdet_fw-la and_o if_o any_o shall_v otherwise_o buy_v he_o be_v quick_o to_o loose_v what_o he_o have_v so_o foolish_o buy_v by_o the_o law_n of_o 43._o william_n the_o conqueror_n nemo_fw-la emat_fw-la quantum_fw-la quatuor_fw-la denariis_fw-la aestimatur_fw-la neque_fw-la de_fw-la re_fw-la mortua_fw-la ne_fw-fr que_fw-fr de_fw-fr viva_fw-la absque_fw-la testimonio_fw-la quatuor_fw-la hominum_fw-la aut_fw-la de_fw-fr burgo_n aut_fw-la de_fw-fr villa_n no_o man_n be_v to_o buy_v any_o thing_n which_o amount_v to_o the_o value_n of_o 4_o d._n without_o testimony_n of_o four_o witness_n of_o the_o town_n or_o village_n et_fw-la ut_fw-la nulla_fw-la viva_fw-la pecunia_fw-la vendatur_fw-la aut_fw-la ematur_fw-la nisi_fw-la intra_fw-la civitates_fw-la et_fw-la hoc_fw-la ante_fw-la tres_fw-la fideles_fw-la testes_fw-la nec_fw-la aeliquam_fw-la rem_fw-la vetitam_fw-la sine_fw-la fidejussore_fw-la &_o warranto_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la aliter_fw-la fecerit_fw-la