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A43552
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A short view of the life and reign of King Charles (the second monarch of Great Britain) from his birth to his burial.
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Heylyn, Peter, 1600-1662.
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1658
(1658)
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Wing H1735B; ESTC R213444
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52,561
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166
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Natives of that Countrey sent thither purposely in a new and unprecedent way to lie as Spies upon his Counsels and as controllers to his actions Some Messages there were betwixt him and the Houses of Parliament concerning the attoning of these differences whilst he was at York But the XIX Propositions sent thither to him did declare sufficiently that there was no peace to be expected on his part unlesse he had made himself a cypher a thing of no signification in the Arithmetick of State And now the War begins to open The Parliament had their Guards already and the Affront which Hotham had put upon his Majesty at Hull prompted the Gentlemen of York-shire to tender themselves for a Guard to his Person This presently voted by both Houses to be a leavying of War against the Parliament for whose defence not onely the Train-bands of London must be in readinesse and the good people of the countrey required to put themselves into a posture of armes but Regiments of Horse and Foot are listed a Generall appointed great summes of Money raised and all this under pretence of taking the King out of the hands of his evil Counsellours The noise of these preparations hastens the King from Yorke to Notingham where he sets up his Standard inviting all his good Subjects to repair unto him for defence of their King the Lawes and Religion of their Countrey He increased his Forces as he marched which could not come unto the reputation of an Army till he came into Shropshire where great bodies of the loyall and stout-hearted Welch resorted to him Strengthened with these and furnisht sufficiently with Field Pieces Armes and Ammunition which the Queen had sent to him out of Holland he resolves upon his march towards London but on Sunday the twenty third of October was encountred in the way at a place called Edge-Hill by the Parliament Forces The Fight very terrible for the time no fewer then five thousand men slain upon the place the Prologue to a greater slaughter if the dark night had not put an end unto that dispute Each part pretended to the victory but it went clearly on the Kings side who though he lost his Generall yet he kept the Field and possessed himself of the dead bodies and not so onely but he made his way open unto London and â—n his way forced Banbury Castle in the very sight as it were of the Earl of Essex who with his flying Army made all the haste he could towards the City that â—e might be there before the King to â—ecure the Parliament More certain â—gns there could not be of an absolute â—ictory In the Battel of Taro between the Conâ—derates of Italy and Charles the eight â—f France it hapned so that the Confederates kept the Field possest themselves of the Camp Baggage and Artillery which the French in their breaking through had left behind them Hereupon a dispute was raised to whom the Honour of that day did of right belong which all knowing and impartiall men gave unto the French For though they lost the Field their Camp Artillery and Baggage yet they obtained what they fought for which was the opening of their way to France and which the Confederates did intend to deprive them of Which resolution in that case may be a ruling case to this the Kiâ—g having not only kept the Field posseâ—â— himself of the dead bodies pillaged the carâ—iages of the enemy but forciâ—â—y opâ—â—eâ— his way towards London which the enemy endeavoured to hinder and finally entred triumphantly into Oxford with no fewer then aâ— hundred and twenty Colours taken in the Figâ—â— Having assured himself of Oxford foâ— his Winter Quarters he resolved on hiâ— Advance towards London but had made so many halts in the way that Essex was got thither before him who had disposed of his Forces at Kingston Brentford Acton and some other places there abouts not onely to stop his march but to fall upon him in the Rear as occasion served Yet he goes forward notwithstanding as far as Brentford out of which he beats two of their best Regiments takes five hundred Prisoners sinks their Ordnance with an intent to march forwards on the morrow after being Sunday and the thirteenth of November But understanding that the Earl of Essex had drawn his Forces out of Kingston and joyning with the London Auxiliaries lay in the way before him at a place called Turnham-Green neer Cheswick it was thought safer to retreat towards Oxford while the way was open then to venture his Army to the fortune of a second Battel which if it were lost â—t would be utterly impossible for him â—o raise another At Oxford he receives Propositions of peace from the Houses of Parliament but such as rather did beseem a conquering then a losing side But being resolved to treat upon them howsoever he found the Commissioners so straitned in time and so tied to such particular instructions as the Houses had given them that nothing could be yielded to which might conduce to the composing of the present Distempers At the opening of the Spring the Queen came to him who had landed at a place in York-shire called Burlington-Bay in the end of February and now brought with her unto Oxford some supplies of men with a considerable stock of Powder Arms and Ammunition 1643. The next Summer makes him master of the North and West some few places onely being excepted The Earl of New-castle with his Northern Army had cleared all parts beyond Trent but the Town of Hull of the enemies Forces And with his own Army under the command of Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice two of the younger Sons of his Sister Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia he reduced the Cities of Bristol and Exeter the Port Town of Waymouth and all the Towns of any importance in the Western parts except Pool Lime and Plimouth So that he was in a manner the absolute Commander of the Counties of Wilts Dorset Somerset Devon and Cornwall And though the Towns of Plimouth Lime and Pool still held out against him yet were they so bridled by his neighbouring Garrisons that they were not able to create him any great Disturbance The noise of these successes was so loud at London that most of the leading men in both Houses of Parliament prepared for quitting of the Kingdome and had undoubtedly so done if the King had followed his good fortunes and advanced towards London But unhappily diverting upon Glocester he lay so long there without doing any thing to the purpose that the Earl of Essex came time enough to raise the Siege and relieve the Town though he made not hast enough to recover London without blowes For besides some skirmishes on the by which fell out to his losse the King with the whole body of his Army overtook him at Newberry where after a sharp fight with the losse of the Earl of Carnarvon the Earl of Sunderland and the Lord Viscount Falkland on his Majesties side
himself was taken prisoner and with him all the Kings hopes lost of preserving Oxford till he could better his condition 1646. In this extremity he left that City in disguise on the 27 day of April Anno 1646. and on the fourth of May put himself into the hands of the Scots then lying at the siege of Newark After the taking of which Town they carried him to Newcastle and there kept him under a Restraint The news hereof being brought to Oxford and seconded by the coming of the whole Army of Sir Thomas Fairfax who laid siege unto it disposed the Lords of the Council and such of the principall Gentry who had the conduct of the Affair to come to a speedy Composition According whereunto that City was surrendered on Midsomer day James Duke of York the Kings second Son together with the Great Seal Privy Seal and Signet were delivered up into the hands of the enemy by whom the young Duke was sent to Westminster and kept in the House of S. James under a Gard with his Brother and Sisters the Seals being carried into the House of Peers and there broke in pieces But long these young Princes were not kept together under that restraint the Princess Henrietta being in a short time after conveyed into France by the Lady Dalkieth and the Duke of York attired in the habit of a young Lady transported into Holland by one Captain Bamfield The Scots in the meane time being desirous to make even with their Masters to receive the wages of their iniquity and to get home in safety with that spoil and plunder which they had gotten in their marching and remarching betwixt Tweed and Hereford had not the patience to attend the leisure of any more voluntary surrendries They therefore pressed the King to give order to the Marquesse of Ormond in Ireland and to all the Governours of his Garrisons in England to give up all the Towns and Castles which remained untaken to such as should be appointed to receive them for the Houses of Parliament assuring him that otherwise they neither could nor durst continue him in their protection To this necessity he submitted but found not such a generall obedience to his commands as the Scots expected For not the Marquesse of Ormand onely but many of the Governours of Towns and Castles in England considered him as being under a constraint and speaking rather the sense of others then his own upon which grounds they continued still upon their guard in hope of better times or of better conditions But nothing was more hotly pressed by the Scots then that the Marquesse of Montrosse should lay down his Commission who with small strength in the beginning and inconsiderable forces when they were at the best had acted things in Scotland even unto admiration For besides many victories of lesse consequence he had twice beaten the Marquesse of Argile out of the field followed him home and wasted his Countrey with Fire and Sword He vanquisht Baily one of the best Souldiers of the Faction commanding over a well-formed Army in a set battell fought between them followed his blow and made himself Master of the City and Castle of Edenburgh releasing divers of his Friends who had been seized and imprisoned there when he first took Arms Had the Lord Digby's Horse come to him he had not onely perfected but assured the conquest of that Kingdome But instead of those aids which he expected he was unexpectedly set upon and his whole Army broken by David Lesley sent from the Scots Army in England with six thousand Horse to oppose the progresse of his fortune whose coming being known to the Earl of Roxborow and Traquair in whom the King continued still his wonted confidence was purposely concealed from him to the end that he being once suppressed and in him the Kings power destroyed in Scotland they might be sure from being called to an account of their former Treasons however he began to make head again and was in a way of well-doing when he received the Kings command to disband his Forces to which he readily conformed took ship and put himself into a voluntary exile These Obstacles removed his Majesty conceived some thoughts of finding Sanctuary in Scotland the Scots having first assured him as he signified by Letter to the Marquesse of Ormond before he put himself into their hands that they would not onely take his person but so many of his party also as repaired unto him into their protection and stand to him with their lives and fortune According to which hopes on his part and those assurances on theirs he had a great mind to return to his Native Countrey his Ancient and Native Kingdome as he used to call it there to expect the bettering of his condition in the changes of time But the Scots hearing of his purpose and having long ago cast off the yoke of Subjection voted against his coming to them in a full Assembly so that we may affirm of him as the Scripture doth of Christ our Saviour viz. He came unto his own and his own received him not The like resolution also was entertained by the Commissioners of that Nation and the chiefe Leaders of their Army who had contracted with the Houses of Parliament and for the summe of two hundred thousand pounds in ready money sold and betrayed him into the hands of his Enemies as certainly they would have done with the Lord Christ himself for halfe the money if he had bowed the Heavens and came down to visit them By the Commissioners sent from the Houses to receive him he was conducted to Holdenby a fair house of his own and one of the goodliest Piles in England scituate not far from Naseby to the intent that he might be continually grieved with the sight of the fatall place of his overthrow but kept so close that none of his Domestick servants no not so much as any of his own Chaplains were suffered to have Accesse unto him In the mean time a breach began betwixt the Presbyterian Party in both Houses and some chief Officers of the Army which growing every day wider and wider one Cornet Joice with a considerable party of Horse was sent to seize on his Majesties Person and bring him safe to their head Quarters There at the first he was received with all possible demonstrations of Love and Duty some of his Chaplains licensed to repair unto him and read the Book of Common-Prayer as in former times and the way open to all those of his party who desired to see him This made the Animosities between those of the two Houses and the Army to be far greater then before the City closing with that party of the Houses which desired the Kings coming to the Parliament and going down in a tumultuous manner required the present voting of a Personal Treaty This made the Speaker and such of both Houses as either held for the Army or had no mind to see the Kings Return