the old man so long as he hoped for a Successour out of his Family and to be adopted in the Army where his reputation was great He secretly despised Cromwel's Relations as too low and unfit for Principality thinking that he alone remained worthy to be advanced to Supremacy Which afterwards more secretly but not more justly he attempted rather than obtained The awe of Cromwel whilst alive gave some check such as it was to the dissembled madness of the Democratical Republicans But the Family of the Cromwels being ruined the British affairs were in that state that amongst the Regicides no faith love judgment nor truth was to be found The furious unsetled Colonels without sense or honesty laying aside all care of Reputation or Justice softened and fed their private hopes The Power of the Rulers was mutually suspected and the Honour of the Nation wholly slighted And the same Army of Cromwel abandoning the Family of their General perfidiously abolished the Protectordom which by perjuries they had established as a brave and memorable Constitution The Rabble also were so inclined that many desired and all accustomed to the Yoke of Bondage suffered the Rump-Parliament though of old notorious for flagitiousness and now for buoying up the aspiring Colonels In the mean time all things were carried according to the pleasure of the Rump and the dictates of Fanaticks the terrour of the present and presages of future evils But the turns of the Government were no less odious than the vices of the Parricides to those who any ways concerned themselves for the Publick In the mean time they were not free from danger whom Quality the suspicion of Loyalty to the King Wealth or eminent Parts rendred obnoxious to the Jealousies of the Rulers The old Souldiers of the King and such as were devoted to Charles the Second in the mean while who had hearts to do and suffer any thing rejoyced in secret having without the loss of reputation or degenerating from the ancient care they were sprung from endured the calamities of Adversity the long insulting and many Rapines of Robbers and all the shams of Fortune with an honest and patient Poverty Though the settlement of Cromwel in the government and the unshaken fidelity of his Adherents had so often defeated all their endeavours of restoring the King yet they carefully eyed the dissensions and distractions of the Fanaticks and the turns and revolutions of the Government And now the mutual clashings of the Rebels gave courage to the Loyal Nobility secretly to contrive the restauration of their Liberty and under pretence of a free and full Parliament the recovery of the just Rights of King CHARLES For that end they made use of the assistance of some Presbyterians an inflexible sort of men a bad presage of a certain overthrow since they are a kind of people that make use of good fortune rather for the subversion than the establishment of Kings Thus a framed Conspiracy all over England produced both glory and danger to the illustrious Undertakers Sir George Booth now Lord Delamere appeared first in the Insurrection in Cheshire He was assisted with the advice and hands by the Earls of Derby and Kilmurry Sir Thomas Middleton Major-General Egerton and many others of less note who having incited their Country-men to take up Arms and having formed an Army they put a Garrison in Chester an ancient City washed by the River Dee Booth himself in the mean time with 2000 Horse and Foot took the Field expecting the aid of all good men throughout England in so illustrious an Undertaking but with more Loyalty than Fortune At the news of so sudden an Eruption the Rump was terrified and being doubtful of their New Government startled at the present Commotions apprehensive of future and conscious of the greatness of their own Crimes they were in fear of all men And so much the more that they knew that Booth was not the sole Head of the Party but that there were many more besides him who hatched the same designes The Parricides had no other hopes of safety but in daring boldly wherefore arming with expedition the fiercest of the Sectarian Rout doubling their Guards and sending flying parties of the old Forces into all Counties and Towns they no sooner smelt out but they prevented the designes of the Royalists In the mean time Lambert is ordered with a body of Horse and Foot to march in all haste against Booth But the guilty Parricides could not think themselves secure unless they were re-enforced with Souldiers from Scotland and the Garrison of Dunkerk and with two Regiments called from Ireland commanded by Zanchie and Axtell After that Booth had in vain endeavoured to hinder their conjunction both Armies come in view one of another near Norwich but the River that runs by the Town hindred the Enemy from approaching Booth had set a strong Guard to defend the Bridge over the River and had drawn up his men beyond it but still inferiour both in number and fortune For Lambert having gained the Bridge charged Booth's Forces so warmly that the raw and unexperienced Country-Rout were not able to endure the shock of the old and expert Souldiers Lambert having put all of them to flight Chester is surrendered unto him Booth after his overthrow hunting about for a safe retreat was discovered in disguise at Newport and taken from whence being carried to London he was clapt up in the Tower His whole Estate which was pretty considerable being seized his head had likewise gone had not a greater destiny preserved him from the imminent cruelty of the Rump For the shortness of their government seems to be the cause that the punishment of Booth's Party was rather deferred than remitted The short-lived Rump in the mean time were not a little proud of the overthrow of their enemies and emboldened by this auspicious beginning of their New Government And the Cheshire-Insurrection was so convenient for Lambert's interest that he reckoned it amongst the favours of his prosperous fortune For having thereby attained which he so much desired to the pre-eminence of a General he intended to triumph not so much over Booth as over the conquered Rump and indeed the mutual confidence of the Knaves was not durable for the Rump was jealous of the Army and the Army of the Rump Lambert in the mean time who had a vast power in the Army exceeding all bounds of a private condition so wheadled the Officers and Souldiers that upon their return they drew up and signed a Petition at Derby wherein after they had alleadged many ridiculous falshood of their dutifulness towards the Rump their affection to the Publick and Liberty of the People they saucily desire the House that the Command of the Army should be put into the hands of Fleetwood and Lambert as the onely means of uniting the Forces in faithfulness and concord which
Argile with the Forces he had raised being no less an Army at home than Cromwel was abroad reduced them in a short time to such streights that the Army which had been raised by order of Parliament was forced to lay down Arms and submit to the discretion of Argile's Faction Then was a new Parliament called all being excluded who had taken up Arms or voted for engaging in a War for the delivery of the King In this the Acts of the last Parliament were recinded the War declared to have been unlawful Cromwel had the publick thanks and Argile privately engaged as Cromwel himself boasted that he would concur with the Oligarchicks of England and root out Monarchy when occasion offered in Scotland as well as in England Besides many Ships the Tyde turning according to the innate levine of Seamen prepare to make defection from the Prince casting themselves into the protection of the Earl of Warwick who had won their hearts by frequent Largesses and who was set over a new Fleet for a time that he might draw over the Seamen again to the obedience of the Parliament but being beset with the Spies Of the Oligarchick Rebels and having done their job he justly received the usual Reward from these Masters that is he was turned out and laid aside Whilst the Army is busied in these Wars the Members of Parliament being a little rid of the yoak of the Army and Cromwel that were now at a distance and seriously considering how ill all the People of the Kingdom would resent the injuries done to the King and how ticklish their own affairs stood they begin to think of Peace and growing wise behind hand against the advice of the Oligarchick Republicans they rescind the Votes of None Addresses by the unanimous consent of both Houses They appoint a Conference with the King for composing Differences but by Commissioners and that in the Isle of Wight For this purpose they commissionate five Lords for the Vpper House and ten Commoners for the Lower The Propositions to be debated in that Conference are prescribed to the Commissioners ¶ That the Translator relates all which verbatim though it be contrary to the designe of this Work and of the Author who hath onely entred the short Articles marked with the numbers I. II.III I hope the Reader will not dislike since the Articles at large contain so excellent a description of the Changes that were then intended to be made in the Government of England that it is thought very fit to publish them according to the perfect Copy printed by order of both Houses the 29th of August 1648. May it please your Majesty WE the Lords and Commons assembled in the Parliament of England in the name and on the behalf of the Kingdoms of England and Ireland and the Commissioners of the Parliament of Scotland in the name and on the behalf of the Kingdom of Scotland Do humbly present unto your Majesty the humble desires and Propositions for a safe and well-grounded Peace agreed upon by the Parliaments of both Kingdoms respectively unto which we do pray your Majesties Assent And that they and all such Bills as shall be tendered to your Majesty in pursuance of them or any of them may be Established and Enacted for Statutes and Acts of Parliament by your Majesties Royal Assent in the Parliaments of both Kingdoms respectively I. WHereas both Houses of the Parliament of England have been necessitated to undertake a War in their just and lawful defence and afterwards both Kingdoms of England and Scotland joyned in Solemn League and Covenant were engaged to prosecute the same That by Act of Parliament in each Kingdom respectively all Oaths Declarations and Proclamations heretofore had or hereafter to be had against both or either of the Houses of the Parliament of England the Parliament of the Kingdom of Scotland and the late Convention of Estates in Scotland or Committees flowing from the Parliament or Convention in Scotland or their Ordinances and Proceedings or against any for adhering unto them or for doing or executing any Office Place or Charge by any Authority derived from them and all Judgments Indictments Outlawries Attainders and Inquisitions in any the said Causes and all Grants thereupon made or had or to be made or had be declared Null suppressed and forbidden And that this be publickly intimated in all Parish-Churches within his Majesties Dominions and all other places needful II. That his Majesty according to the laudable example of his Royal Father of happy memory may be pleased to swear and signe the late Solemn League and Covenant and that an Act of Parliament be passed in both Kingdoms respectively for enjoyning the taking thereof by all the Subjects of the three Kingdoms and the Ordinances concerning the manner of taking the same in both Kingdoms be confirmed by Acts of Parliament respectively with such Penalties as by mutual advice of both Kingdoms shall be agreed upon III. That a Bill be passed for the utter abolishing and taking away of all Archbishops Bishops their Chancellors and Commissaries Deans and Sub-Deans Deans and Chapters Arch-Deacons Canons and Prebendaries and all Chaunters Chancellors Treasurers Sub-Treasurers Succentors and Sacrists all Vicars Choril and Choresters old Vicars and new Vicars of any Cathedral or Collegiate-Church and all other their under-Officers out of the Church of England and Dominion of Wales and out of the Church of Ireland with such alterations concerning the Estates of Prelates as shall agree with the Articles of the late Treaty of the date at Edenburgh 29 November 1643. and joynt Declaration of both Kingdoms IV. That the Ordinances concerning the calling and sitting of the Assembly of Divines be confirmed by Act of Parliament V. That Reformation of Religion according to the Covenant be setled by Act of Parliament in such manner as both Houses have agreed or shall agree upon after consultation had with the Assembly of Divines For as much as both Kingdoms are mutually obliged by the same Covenant to endeavour the nearest Conjunction and Uniformity in matters of Religion That such Unity and Uniformity in Religion according to the Covenant as after consultation had with the Divines of both Kingdoms now assembled is or shall be joyntly agreed upon by both Houses of the Parliament of England and by the Church and Kingdom of Scotland be confirmed by Acts of Parliament of both Kingdoms respectively VI. That for the more effectual disabling Jesuits Priests Papists and Popish Recusants from disturbing the State and deluding the Laws and for the better discovering and speedy conviction of Popish Recusants an Oath be established by Act of Parliament to be administred to them wherein they shall abjure and renounce the Popes Supremacy the Doctrine of Transubstantiation Purgatory worshipping of the Consecrated Hoast Crucifixes and Images and all other Popish Superstitions and Errours and refusing the said Oath being tendred in such manner as shall be appointed by the said Act to
and France as being divided at home and many of them had the confidence openly to glory that they would break that Yoke wherewith the Kings of the Earth oppress the People Nor truly could any man have told where the fierceness of this Scourge would have ended and where that Floud would have spent it self unless the divine Majesty which hath hollowed a channel for the Sea set bounds and limits to it and said Hither shalt thou come and no further had not opposed the over-swelling pride of these Waters and commanded his Angel to sound the Retreat A Chronological INDEX FOR This First Part. Old Stile MDCXXV KIng James being dead CHARLES the First succeeds King of Great Britain He marries Henrietta Maria Sister to Louis XIII King of France MDCXXV VI VII VIII The King calls three Parliaments and little or nothing done as often dissolves them MDCXXX Prince CHARLES is born MDCXXXIII James Duke of York is born MDCXXXVII Prin Burton Bastwick having lost their ears are put in prison The Scots grow rebellious MDCXXXIX The King meets the Scots intending to invade England but having made a Pacification disbands his Army MDCXL The Stirs of the Scots occasioned the Kings calling of a Parliament at Westminster which was dissolved without any success So the Scots invade England and take Newcastle The King marches against them but having made a Truce calls a Parliament at Westminster The Parliament meets and under pretext of Reformation put all into Confusion Thomas Wentworth Earl of Strafford Deputy of Ireland and William Laud Archbishop of Canterbury are accused MDCXI The Deputy of Ireland condemned by a Law made for the purpose is beheaded The King also by Act of Parliament grants That the Parliament shall not be dissolved without the consent of both Houses William of Nassaw Son to Frederick Prince of Orange is married to Mary Daughter to K. Charles The Scots full of money return into their own Country The King follows them into Scotland The Irish conspire against the English and cruelly fall upon them The King returns to London from Scotland A Remonstrance of the Lower House offered to the King MDCXLI MDCXLII The King accuses five Commoners and one Lord of High-Treason The King goes into the House of Commons The King withdraws from London Sends a Pacificatory Letter to the Parliament Sends the Queen into Holland with her Daughter He himself goes towards York Sir John Hotham shuts the Gates of Hull against the King Vnjust Propositions of Peace are made by the Parliament to the King The Parliament raising an Army the King at length sets up his Standard at Nottingham Both Armies engage at Edge-hill and both challenge the Victory MDCXLIII A Treaty of Peace appointed at Oxford comes to nothing The Earl of Newcastle gets the better of Fairsax Commander of the Rebels in the North. In the West Waller a Commander of the Rebels is routed by the Kings Party Prince Rupert taketh Bristol Maurice his Brother takes Exeter In the mean time the King himself besieges Gloucester Essex General of the Rebels relieves Gloucester The King meets Essex upon his return and fights him at Nubury The English Rebels put to a streight call in the Scots and take the Covenant The King therefore makes a Truce with the Irish for a year MDCXLIII IV. James Marquess of Hamilton is committed to prison The Scots again enter England The King holds a Parliament at Oxford The Earl of Montross is sent Commissioner into Scotland Essex and Waller Generals of the Rebels march towards Oxford The King defeats Waller at Cropredian-bridge Then pursues Essex into the West The Scots in the mean time joyned with the English defeat the Cavaliers at Marston-moore And then take York by surrender In the West the King breaks all Essex his Forces Vpon his return he is met by Manchester at Newbury where they fight a second time Alexander Carey is beheaded MDCXLIV V. Hotham the Father and Son are beheaded William Laud Archbishop of Canterbury is beheaded Macquire an Irish Lord is hanged The Treaty of Peace at Uxbridge comes to nothing Fairfax General of the Parliament Forces defeats the King at Naseby Henceforward all by degrees fell into the hands of the Parliament MDCXLVI The King having in vain tried the English departing privately from Oxford commits himself into the hands of the Scots Fairfax takes Oxford by composition Robert Earl of Essex dies MDCXLVI VII The Scots sell the King to the English and return fraighted with Money The King is made close Prisoner in Holdenby-Castle The Marquess of Ormond Lord Lieutenant of Ireland delivers up Dublin to the English The Army take the King out of Prison And march against the Parliament The Speakers of both Houses with fifty other Members flie to the Camp The Souldiers attend the Members that fled to West-minster Vnjust Conditions of Peace are proposed to the King at Hampton-court The King makes his escape to the Isle of Wight From thence writing Pacificatory Letters they propose to him four Demands as preliminary to a Conference The King is made close Prisoner MDCXLVII VIII The Parliament votes no more Addresses to the King The Counties everywhere stir the Kentish Essex-men and some others take up Arms. The Duke of Buckingham Francis his Brother and Earl of Holland in vain take up Arms. The Fleet comes over to the Prince of Wales The Scots commanded by Duke Hamilton advance into England They are defeated by Cromwel and Hamilton taken Fairfax takes Colchester upon surrender Rainsborough a Commander of the Parliament Army killed at Duncaster A Conference appointed with the King in the Isle of Wight The Marquess of Ormond returns Lord Lieutenant into Ireland The Remonstrance of Ireton is approved in a Council of War And is presented to the Parliament in name of the Army and People of England The King is carried from the Isle of Wight to Hurst-Castle Nevertheless the Parliament votes That the Kings Concessions are a sufficient ground for a Peace Many Parliament-men are made Prisoners by the Souldiers MDCXLVIII IX The rest amongst other and unheard things vote That all Power is originally in the People Then That the King himself is to be brought to a tryal The King therefore is brought to the Bar. The King is brought a fourth time and condemned CHARLES the best of Kings by unparallel'd Villany is beheaded James Duke of Hamilton Henry Earl of Holland and the generous Arthur Lord Capel are beheaded Lastly Monarchy it felf is abolished by the Regicides The Act is proclaimed by the mock-Mayor of London
the Booty which they thought themselves sure of whisper about that they observed the Enemies Horse feeding without the Walls and that if an old demolished Castle called Baggoâ—s-wreath about a Musquet shot from the Walls were new Fortified which might be done in a Nights time the Enemy might be hindred both from Forage and Provisions which being wanting Dublin must of necessity be surrendred within the space of a Week And therefore they earnestly desire that before they drew off they might have leave to attempt this The Counsel upon viewing the place was thought good and it was not long before the Army was drawn out and a choice made of Pioneers for the Work To whom Orders were given to repair the Castle raise it higher and cast up a Wall about it whilst the Horse and Foot were in readiness behind to defend them About Mid-night the Lord Lieutenant came thinking that the work had been almost finished but finding that it was not as yet begun by their mistaking the way having severely chid the Labourers and placed another Overseer over them he encourages them to the work then returning to the Camp he kept Watch all the rest of the Night and by break of day gave Orders that the Army should stand to their Arms and be in a readiness whilst he refresh'd himself a little in Bed But before he had been there an hour he was wakened out of sleep by the noise and firing of Shot and starting up immediately to see what the matter was Alas he found too late that the Souldiers had been negligent in keeping Watch and that in the mean time Jones had broken in into that half-repaired Castle and that the Captain of the Guard being at first onset killed all his Men were turned to a shameful flight These things succeeding so well with the Enemy their boldness as it usually happens increasing with their good Fortune not only the whole Souldiers to the number of twelve hundred Horse and four thousand Foot but a great many of the Citizens also came rushing out of the Town and fiercely charge the Kings Forces who were in disorder putting all into Confusion there being nothing but Horror Noise Slaughter and flying of Men to be heard or seen In this deplorable state of Affairs the Lord Lieutenant having with Sword in Hand Prayers and Intreaties in vain endeavoured to stop and rally the Fugitives he breaks through the thick of the Enemy crosses the River and encourages Dillo with all speed to come to the assistance of the Army and fall upon the Enemy now wearied and busie at Plunder But he finds them tho they had not as yet seen the Enemies Face seized with a panick Fear throwing away their Arms and betaking themselves to flight In this fatal Engagement the wealthy Camp is plundered and all that during the space of a whole year had been with much Labour and most diligent care gathered together is scattered in the twinkling of an Eye Three thousand Men were killed two thousand and one hundred private Souldiers an hundred and fifty Officers higher and lower taken above eight thousand Arms the Tents Warlike Engines all the Baggage and Ammunition fell all into the hands of the devouring Enemy A great Overthrow indeed and which gave an incurable wound to the Royal Cause in Ireland The Kings Souldiers taking the advice that was given them in their slight betake themselves to Drogheda The Lord Lieutenant hastens to Kilkenny that he might muster his broken Forces having upon his march summoned the strong Castle of Bellison upon pretext that Dublin was taken which surrendred There having represented to the Convention of Estates that were still sitting what loss he had sustained and having moved them for Supplies and Money he sets forward to Drogheda with three hundred Horse And that in a very opportune time for Jones had hastned thither with some Horse that by the sole presence of the Conquerour he might reduce the City now in disorder by the news of the late overthrow and confusion of the Souldiers But the coming of the Lord Lieutenant scaring away Jones the Fear and Danger were both quickly over Next he Fortifies Trim Neury Dundalk and other neighbouring places putting strong Garrisons where it was needful he views all places gives Orders and prepares for a vigorous defence being resolved to meet Cromwell if he came that way whilst his Horse relieving the places that were in danger he might in the beginning of the Spring raise a new Army But in that also his hopes were in vain For Cromwell having received the glad tydings of the Victory set Sail from Milford-Haven and that he might pursue the Point upon the discomfited Enemy and carry the Wound home to the Heart he steers his Course straight to Dublin with a Fleet of about an hundred Ships Men of War and Tenders and wholly slighting Munster arrived there in the Month of August One thousand six hundred and forty nine where having put ashore the Souldiers with the Artillery Ammunition and Baggage he makes a General-Muster of about fifteen thousand Men most of them old Souldiers for he thought it better to excel in Valour than in Number and to take along with him stout Hands and not many Heads He declares Jones Lieutenant-General Ireton Major-General and Reynolds General of the Horse assigning to every one their several Offices He orders Venables to march to Derry to the Elder Coot with a Regiment of Horse and two Regiments of Foot He himself with ten thousand Men marches streight to Drogheda having committed the care of the Fleet to Aiskew the Admiral In this Town the Lord Liuetenant had put the Flower of his Veterane Souldiers most English under the Command of Sir Arthur Aston a Gentleman Renowned in the Wars both at home and abroad but for the most part unfortunate And here Cromwell resolved to make his first Essay of the War Aston on the contrary laid his Design to tire out and break the Enemy insolent through Victory by the badness of the Weather Watching and Hunger then expose them to be harrassed and alarmed by the Lord Lieutenants Horse and the Foot that were shortly to be recruited until the Royalists being reassured and encreased in force might have the courage to provoke the Cromwellians and fight them in a pitched Battel But he flatters himself in vain for Cromwell attacks not the place by opening of Trenches slow Approaches and the other acts of a Siege But having forthwith caused a Battery to be raised on the North side of the Town and planted with Guns he so plied the place with continual Shooting that he quickly made two Breaches in the Wall and immediately Commands an Assault to be made that with Courage and Resolution they might force their entry into the place But this having been twice unsuccessfully attempted he himself with Ireton commanding the Attack with Indignation and Courage
Garrison to Kilkenny about six hundred English falling off to the Enemy he marches thither with fifteen hundred A horrid piece of Villany and not to be excused were it not for the bad Correspondence that was betwixt the English and Irish Souldiers and that he would preserve his own Irish entire for a Battel and divide at least Cromwells Forces by the multitude of Garrisons his Army being already much impaired and hardly able to wagg worn out by Fatigue Fluxes lying abroad in the Fields and for want of Winter-Quarters About this time by the Mediation of Daniel Oneal a Peace was made betwixt the Lord Lieutenan and Ouen-Ro-Oneal with the rest of the Irish Papists almost upon the same Conditions as we told you formerly had been offered to the Rump-Parliament and were rejected by them and thereupon both Forces Joyn. But Ouen shortly after died Nor is it here to be pass'd over in silence how the Princes Rupert and Maurice with no more than six Ships the remaining part of that Fleet which two years before fell off from the Rump-Parliament had the boldness to infest the Seas hover upon the Coast of Ireland put in Souldiers and Ammunition and by all ways divert the supplies of the Enemy But Blake and Popham pursuing them with a stronger Fleet they were fain to sly to King sale and from thence the Sea-men being idle and running away to the Enemy that they might consult their own safety prevent the danger that might befall them from the defection of Munster which they might foresee and that they might have the opportunity of Sea-room Wind and Tide favouring them they break through the whole Fleet of the Enemies and with the loss only of two Ships escaping out of that noose they steer their Course towards Portugal But this is out of the Rode I now return to Cromwell whose Victories were such as could not be limited by the banks of the River of Barrow For he cast over it a Bridge of Boats at Ross having first taken Estionege a small but Walled Town standing upon this side of the same River five Miles above Ross Afterward having past a great part of his Horse with his nimblest Foot he reduces Carick a Town upon the River Suir eight miles above Waterford then quickly crossing the River he takes Passage a very strong Fort with five Canon lying two Miles below Waterford where the Conjunction of the two Rivers Suir and Barrow by the impetuosity of the Current render it difficult for Vessels to reach the Town Nay he had the boldness to attaque Waterford it self though in vain But Dungarvan which the English Souldiers might have defended with the Canon and Ammunition is delivered up into his hands And now at length Cromwell begins to think of Winter Quarters for refreshing of his Men who were not above four thousand Sound and in Health The Lord Lieutenant on the other hand had eight thousand which though for the most part they were raw Men yet were very conveniently posted But what he had best to do or whether to go he was uncertain For neither could he march back to Dublin being at such a distance without a necessity of Fighing nor yet Winter in those parts without the greatest Inconvenience the Enemy being posted about him on all Hands who would continually Allarm him and intercept his Provisions Whilst he was casting about in his mind what course to take the most desirable and by Cromwell long expected defection happened for all Munster that had stood for the King revolted to the Rump-Parliament Some combined Souldiers had long ago given hopes of this if ever occasion offered and now Cromwell being upon their Borders and past the River Barrow when they saw Succours at hand they attempt the performance of what they had promised The first sparks of this Flame appeared long ago at Youghal which the Mayor and a great many Citizens conspiring with two Colonels and other Commanders agreed to deliver into the hands of Cromwell The Lord Inchiqueen smelling the Treachery seized the Mayor and Souldiers and committed them to Prison in Cork Youghal and King sale until they might be brought to a fair Tryal But that kind of Custody was unlucky since thereby the sparks spread farther For the Colonels being too negligently kept at Cork draw over the Commanders one after another into the same Conspiracy and in the absence of Inchiqueen whil'st the Souldiers carelesly kept the Guard they of a sudden seize the Town From thence the sparks fly into Youghal Kingsale Bandon-Bridge Mallow and other places and by the coming of the Lord Broghill Colonel Far and a great many of Cromwell's Forces was fomented into a Conflagration Inchiqueens House at Cork was plundered where neither the modesty of the dress could protect his Lady nor innocent Age his Children for all together were clapt up in Prison and there detained till by an exchange that happened shortly after they were set at liberty Here at length Cromwell in the beginning of December put his Men into Winter Quarters and disappointed the Lord Lieutenant who had intercepted his way on his return to Dublin with an Army double in number Nor will it be amiss in this place to take notice of the death of Jones for it happened about the same time who basely stained the Reputation that he gained in subduing the Irish Rebels by the defending even unto the last the Cause of the Murderers of the King The Lord Lieutenant in the mean time that he might provide what lay in his power against ensuing Storms calls a general Council where representing how grateful and profitable the Divisions and Animosities were to the Enemy he intreats the Clergy Nobility and Gentry to mutual Peace and Concord shewing them how that might be done This produced amongst all a pretence of Sorrow for what was past of true Friendship by shaking Hands and promises of mutual Assistance in causing the Commands of the Lord Lieutenant to be obey'd pay raised for the Souldiers Quarters and other necessaries for the War provided and in persuading the Inhabitants especially of Limmerick Waterford and Galloway to Obedience and Submission This put the Lord Lieutenant in heart again who whilst Cromwell refreshed his Men in Winter-Quarters resolves to recover Wexford and Passage For the effecting of which Inchiqueen Armstrong and Trevers are designed for the one and Farell with the Forces of Ouen-Ro-Oneal for the other Farell marching secretly to Passage falls into the Snare that he had laid for others For Cromwell presently having notice of the Design Colonel Zankie pursues him in the Rear Alarms and puts him to flight kills three hundred takes two hundred and had not suffered a Man to escape if in the nick of time Farell had not in great disorder cross'd the River in Boats By this misfortune it plainly appeared how the Waterfordians were affected whilst
for they grow openly mutinous and infect others with the same itch of Rioting They accuse the Lord Lieutenant in presence of the Lord O-Bryan Inchiqueen as the Disturber of the Affairs of Ireland whose continuing longer at the Helm would quickly be the ruin of the Government but that if he alone would undertake the management of Affairs being a person descended of the ancient Race of their Kings whom they had found to be a Valiant Watchful Faithful and Successful General they all promise to swear Obedience to him and willingly submit to his Government On the other hand they whisper the Lord Lieutenant in the Ear that Inchiqueen having been an inveterate Rebel had not as yet laid aside the thoughts of his ancient Enmity nor would he cordially defend the cause of those against whom he had been so long accustomed to draw his Sword that if the Lord Lieutenant would consent to lay him aside the Irish would unanimously joyn and in all things obey his Commands Thus whilst by an abominable Treachery and Hatred to either they strive to Calumniate and Blacken both they make it their business to propagate Faction and Divisions But the Lord Lieutenant meeting the Bishops and Great Men earnestly exhorts them That at length laying aside all private Grudges and Animosities which still remained to be composed they would consult the Publick Interest become Friends and unanimously prepare for a more vigorous defence That they would reflect upon the great danger they were in three Provinces being already almost wholly subdued and the last not like to resist much longer That if his Government was less grateful to them and was a hindrance to the defence of the Country he would hasten his departure and commit the charge to another For he had already secretly obtained leave to depart from the King being still at Jersey and had got the Goverment conferred on Clanricard When they heard this all of them pretended extraordinary Sorrow that they would submit to his Will and Pleasure banish all mutual Jealousies and perswade the Towns to Obedience They departed with glad and cheerful Countenances as abundantly satisfied though they were still inwardly discontented So true it is That those whom God intends to destroy he first infatuates For the Inhabitants and Roman Catholick Clergy combining privately together kept Clubs and Cabals and dispersed infamous Libels wherein they shew the Rancour of their Minds by calumniating the Lord Lieutenant as unactive Cowardly and Treacherous finding fault with the Commissions that were granted to Officers of the Reformed Religion and repining that the War should be committed to the Caâ—e and Conduct of unfit Men wholly addicted to Whoring Gaming Gluttony and Impiety The Bishops of Cork and Toam and of Clonfert and the rest of the Clergy declare the Government void and the Followers of the Lord Lieutenant liable to Excommunication And therefore they order the Army to be Disbanded before they could think of the raising of another Nevertheless the Lord Lieutenant that he might as much as lay in his Power preserve the Forces in their Duty and Loyalty to the King he left the charge of them to the Earl of Clanricard with the Title of Lord Deputy who being admitted by the unanimous consent of all that stuck to the Kings Party took upon himself the management of the War A general Muster being thereupon appointed new Levies are made the Souldiers Exercised necessaries for the War provided and all things prepared afresh the Clergy being very Zealous and the People assistant in carrying on the Work About that time Ireton betook himself to Winter Quarters in Dublin that he might consult with the Commissioners of the Common-wealth about the future War and other Affairs having left Orders to Axtel Governour of Kilkenny to have an eye upon the Garrisons about Athlome Axtel by chance whil'st he was upon Duty fell in with Clanricards Men who passing the Shannon at Athlome had taken some of Iretons Garrisons and had surprised more if he had not come in the nick of time They charge Axtel who being much inferiour in number retreated a little until being recruited from Wexford and other places he had joyned thirteen hundred men to the eight hundred which he himself had and then he made head against the Enemy But so soon as they began to Skirmish though the Irish were five thousand Foot and four hundred Horse strong yet not daring to venture a battel they retreat to the River Shannon and skulk in two Boggs about Melecha fortifying themselves with Poles and Stakes driven into the ground and filled up with Earth as by a double Wall However the English leaving no means unessayed and breaking through all impediments bravely drove them out of their Station and destroyed them five hundred men who were partly slain and partly drowned After this overthrow it was thought safer in the very extremity of Winter to keep the Souldiers betwixt the Shannon vast Lakes and the Collough Mountains than any more to molest the Enemy whom daily Success made bolder The Reader may be apt to wonder that the Irish shewed themselves so Cowardly and Timerous during the whole Series of this War as if from Men they had degenerated into Women being every where defeated though they fought for their Lives and Liberties But whoever equally weighs matters will easily leave off to wonder For on the one hand he 'll find the English provided of all necessaries for a War unanimous amongst themselves all expert in War and confiding as it is usual in their continual good Fortune The Irish on the other hand almost without Arms for most part destitute of Weapons and other necessaries disagreeing also amongst themselves miserably rent into Factions raw and unskillful in War and in a manner cowed by constant ill Fortune Besides they are neither comparable to the English in Foot nor Horse how brave soever they be in Foreign Countries The private Souldiers I know not whether it be by the Skill and Knowledge they have of the Bogs and lurking Places that they are to soon enticed to fly or that through the force of an old Custom they could not but turn their Backs envied to the Blows of the English Now as to their Horse they are far exceeded by the English not only in number but also in the quality of the Horses and Riders The Horses indeed march but softly but in bulk of Body strength of Limbs and Courage one Troop of them is worth three almost of the Irish and breaks Ranks better And the Riders again are for close Fighting discharging their Pistols in the Enemies Breast and laying about them with their Swords Hence it is that in every Engagment the Irish presently betake themselves to flight nor can they endure the looks yea hardly the Neighing of the Horses of the English I hope the Reader will pardon me that I have tacked this Apology
place standing in the middle of the Forth leaving behind them sixteen piece of Cannon and Blackness Brantiland also on the other side of the Frith over against Leeth surrenders no less disgracefully delivering up the Guns Ammunition and Ships Cromwell being informed of these successes would not lose time by waiting the motions of the King's Army Wherefore he passed over to Brantiland whence sending Whaley to take in the smaller Garrisons which lay upon the Coast of Fiffe he himself marches towards St. Johnston which the King had entrusted to the defence of the Lord Duffus with twelve hundred men though to no purpose For Cromwell having drained the water out of the Mote and Ditches and battering the Walls with his Cannon forces a surrender of the place Cromwell being now at a great distance from Sterling and wholely taken up about these matters the King having given the best Orders he could about the Affairs of Scotland sets out upon his march into England that in that Kingdom of his he might try his fate which had been very cross to him in the other Therefore on the last of July one thousand six hundred fifty one at Carlisle he enters England with about fourteen thousand men Horse and Foot But the Soldiers march with so much hardship and so severe discipline that hardly any Age hath seen the like so that from Carlisle to Worcester about two hundred Miles distant from one another no man much less any house received the least injury if you 'l except the breaking of one Orchard and the taking of four or five Apples for which notwithstanding the Soldier that committed it was presently shot to Death In all places on their march the Garrisons are summoned in the Kings name to surrender but without any success And in the more eminent places by Heralds CHARLES the Second is proclaimed King of England Scotland France and Ireland the people in the mean while being in great Consternation So soon as the news of this expedition was by Post brought to the Rump-Parliament and the report flying that the King having mounted his Soldiers on Horses which he found upon the Rode hastened his March towards London as it is common to fear to make dangers far greater than they are such Horror and Consternation invaded the minds of the Parricides and Rebels that in despair they began to cast about for lurking holes and places of escape and accused Cromwell of rashness and precipitancy Until they had notice that the King had diverted to Worcester and received fresh comforts from Cromwell's Letters who bad them be of good cheer and use their utmost force to obviat that last danger and wholely destroy the Enemy Harrison on the left hand with three thousand Horse waited the motion of the King's Army being for that end left behind on the Borders of England after followed Lambert with two thousand both as occasion offered harassing and hindering them in their March At Warrington Bridge they made the chiefest attempt to hinder the King's Forces to pass it But before the Bridge could be cut Lambert's men being engaged and forced to retreat the Scots get over And now leaving London Rode they resolve to rest at Worcester a City scituated upon the Savern from whence they hoped to receive succours from Wales and make great levies in Glocester and Oxford shires by the means of Muffey who heretofore had with reputation been Governour of Glocester for the Parliament Thither therefore they march and having met with one repulse from some of the Paliament Souldiers that were there by chance they possess the City but were much weakened and impaired in strength by the tediousness and length of the march From hence the Kings Majesty by Letters invites the Lord Mayor and Common-Council of London to Arm for his Defence and for their own just Liberties promising Pardon to all for what was past except the Murderers of his Father But these Letters are burnt at the Royal Exchange by the Hand of the Common Hangman a Copie of them is also burnt by the Hand of the Speaker Lental at a general Muster of the Trained-bands of London in Moor-fields The King presently after his arrival in Pitchford-field near Worcester by Proclamation Commands all from sixteen to sixty years of Age according to the Ancient Laws of the Kingdom to come to his Assistance In obedience to that Proclamation shortly after Francis Lord Talbot eldest Son of the Earl of Shreusbury with sixty Horse Thomas Hornihold with fourty John Mashburn with fourty John Parkinton Walter Blunt Ralph Clair and many more both Knights and Esquires besides two thousand common People come in this desperate State of Affairs to hazard their Lives in the Kings Service The conjunction of these makes in all fourteen thousand two thousand Scots either for fear or because of the tediousness of the March having dropt off by the way Why more did not come into the Kings Camp any Man may guess at the reason of it to wit That the late suppression of the Insurrection of the Welsh Londoners and Norfolk and Suffolk Men and the cruelty of the Rump-Parliament in punishing the fruitless attempts of rising run in all Peoples Minds Besides the sudden and unexpected coming of the King gave no truce to the well affected of animating one another and of associating for his Service Nor lastly could the injuries done by the Scots not long before in England be got out of the Minds of the English it seeming much the same to them whether they suffered Bondage under the Tyranny of their Countrey-men or the Insolence of the Scots And above all we are to consider the great diligence of the Republicans of both sorts in stirring up the Countries encreasing their Forces and in observing and suppressing those who were Loyal to the King Cromwell who left Monck in Scotland with Eight thousand Men to carry on his Victories there being now come back into England animates with new Vigour the Forces of the Rebel-Parricides and presently joyning his Men with Lambert Harrison Gray and Fleetwood and those who from all parts came flocking in partly voluntarily and partly by compulsion he made up an Army if some be not mistaken in their reckoning of fourscore thousand Men and more whom he posts round the City of Worcester But the brave though unfortunate attempts of the Earl of Derby which happened about that time are not to be past over in silence He with a small handful of two hundred and fifty Men from his own Isle of Man arrived at a little Town in Lancashire and in that Countrey raised almost fifâ—n hundred Men with whom he marches to â—chester there to joyn five hundred more bâ— to his misfortune he met with Lilburn a Colonel of the Rump-Parliament Forces with sixteen hundred Men. For coming presently to blow up the Town of Wigan after a smart conflict the
Fellow-Subjects some of them who had more sense upon a day appointed went with their Speaker to attend him earnestly beseeching him to take upon himself the Supreme Authority now again fallen at his Feet Cromwell made a shew of wonder denying utterly and rejecting it but at length with much ado suffered himself to be prevailed upon but with this Condition That an Instrument or Form of the Thing under Hand and Seal should be given him This being done though the Inferiour Officers of the Army and the Republicans were against it who promised to themselves profitable Places under that Government and a Licencious Liberty of domineering or at least constant and standing Commands in the Army yet Lambert who at present promised himself the Second Place in the Government and afterterwards the First hiding a proud Ambition under a Cloke of Humility by Words and by his Example persuaded the other Officers not onely to comply with that Monarchy but also to stickle for and desire it So now the Name of a Commonwealth stinks and the Popular State which heretofore they gloried in is despised The Single Government of One Person onely pleases them and what heretofore they had cursed with so many private and publick Imprecations after a Consultation with the Officers is declared to be the Government of this Nation Yet Cromwell would not accept of it by the Title of KING though he was persuaded to it by many lest he might seem to make Shipwrack of all Modesty and too openly to prevaricate But joyning together a Common-wealth and Single Government which formerly were inconsistent under the Title of Protector he takes into his Hands the Reins of Government modelled according to the Conditions of an Instrument which here we shall insert THE Instrument of Government THat the Supreme Legislative Authority should be in a Single Person and the People in Parliament but the Administration thereof to be left to the Lord Protector and to his Council whereof the Number was not to be above Twenty and one That all Charters Patents Writs and Commissions should be passed by the Protector All Power of Magistracy Honours and Titles to be deriv'd from him Likewise the Pardon of all Offences excepting Treason and Murder He also to have the Administration of all things with the Advice of his Council and according to the Tenor of this Instrument That the Militia sitting the Parliament should be in the disposal of the Protector and the Parliament but in the Intervals in the Protector and his Council The Power also of making Peace and War with Foreign Princes to be in the Protector and his Council but he to have no Authority of Repealing or Making any Laws without the Consent of Parliament That the Parliament should be called before the end of Six Months then next ensuing and afterwards once in Three years or oftner if need require and that it should not be in the Protector 's Power to Dissolve the same for the first Five Months without the Consent of the House That the Number of Members for England should consist of full Four hundred Elected according to an equal Distribution for Scotland Thirty and for Ireland the like Number the Number for each County and City to be also assigned That the Calling of such Parliament should be under the Seal of the Commonwealth by Writs to the Sheriff in the Protector 's Name But if the Protector should not call the same within the times limited the Chancellor then to do it under the Penalty of High Treason and if he should fail therein then that the Sheriffs should peform it And after such Election should be made to be transmitted by the Chief Magistrate by Indenture to the Chancellor signed with his Hand Twenty days before the Sitting of the same Parliament Also if the Sheriff or Mayor should make a false Return that he be fined in Two thousand Marks That none should be capable to Elect who had ever born Arms against the Parliament or been Actors in the Irish Rebellion Nor that any Papist should ever be capable to give his Voice And that all Elections against these Rules should be void and the Transgressors fined at Two years Value of their Revenues and a third part of their Goods That no Person under the age of One and twenty years should be capable of being Elected nor any other than of known Credit fearing God and of good Behaviour No Man likewise to have Power of Electing whose Estate should not be worth 20 l. per An. Sterling That the Return of the Persons Elected should be transmitted by Prothonotary in Chancery unto the Council of State within two days after they should come to his Hands to the end that Judgment might be made of the Persons if any Question should arise touching the Lawfulness of the Choice That Sixty Members should be accounted a Parliament in case the rest be absent Nevertheless that it should be lawful to the Protector to call a Parliament when he shall see cause That the Bills agreed on in Parliament should be presented to the Protector for his Assent thereto and if he should not give his Assent to them within Twenty days that then they should have the force of Laws without it That if any Counsellor of State should die or be outed of his Place for Corruption in the Intervals of Parliament the Protector with the rest of the Council to substitute another in his stead That a certain Annual Tax should be made throughout the Three Commonwealths for the Maintenance of Ten thousand Horse and Fifteen thousand Foot which Tax should also supply the Charge of the Navy And that this Rate should not be lessened or altered by the Parliament without the Consent of the Protector and his Council But if it should not be thought necessary hereafter that any Army should be maintained then whatsoever Surplusage of this Tax should be to be kept in the Treasury for sudden Emergencies That if there might happen to be occasion of making extraordinary Choices and to raise new Forces it should not be done without Consent of Parliament but that in the Intervals of Parliament it should be lawful for the Protector and his said Council both to make new Laws and to raise Monies for the present Exigencies That all the Lands Forests and Jurisdictions not then sold by the Parliament whether they had belonged to the King Queen Prince Bishops or any Delinquents whatsoever should thenceforth remain to the Protector That the Office of Protector should thenceforth be Elective but that none of the King's Line should be ever capable thereof and that the Election should belong to the Council That for the present Oliver Cromwell should be Protector That the Great Offices of the Commonwealth viz. Chancellor Keeper of the Seal Governour of Ireland Admiral Treasurer in case they should become void in Parliament-time to be filled up by the approbation of Parliament and in the Intervals by the like approbation
Churches under their government The King answered With a willing and devout heart I promise and grant my Pardon and that I will preserve and maintain to you and the Churches committed to your charge all Canonical Priviledges and due Law and Justice and that I will be your Protector and Defender to my power by the assistance of God as every good King in his Kingdom in right ought to protect and defend the Bishops and Churches under their government Then the King arose and was led by the Bishops of Duresme and Bath and Wells to the Communion-Table where he made a solemn Oath in sight of all the People to observe the Premises and laying his hand upon the Bible said The OATH The things which I have here promised I shall perform and keep So help me God and the Contents of this Book On the eighth of May a new Parliament met which continued many years Since the year before the Regicides had been brought to condign punishment the three Estates of Parliament now condemned to the flames the Solemn League and Covenant the Bond of the English and Scottish Conspiracy and Sacrament of the Presbyterian Villany The same was done by the Parliament of Scotland and Ireland and that which had raised a Civil Combustion and propagated the same all over Britain and Ireland is now burnt by the hand of the Hangman and by its own ashes expiated at length the wickedness of three Nations This year was concluded or the new begun by the further punishment of Regicides For by Order of Parliament Mouson an upstart Lord Sir Henry Mildmay heretofore Keeper of the Jewels to the late King and therefore the more criminal and Robert Wallop on the seven and twentieth of January the day whereon the blessed King had been condemned were in Hurdles with Halters about their necks dragged to Tyburn and back again to Town being sentenced to perpetual imprisonment It was sufficiently made out that they had been Members of that execrable High Court of Justice but because they had not signed the Warrant for the Kings execution they were onely punished by Bonds and Imprisonment Hazelrigg in the mean time one of the bitterest of all the Traytors being sentenced to the same punishment pined away with anger and grief and unable to bare his disgrace prevented the dishonour and his captivity by a timely death in the Tower of London The same punishment was inflicted upon the Traytors who as we said before came in upon the Kings Proclamation For being brought to the Bar because waving all defence they humbly acknowledged their Crime and that they were a Crew most part of them of silly seduced Rascals drawn in either by the arts or threatnings of Cromwel they redeemed their necks from the Gallows which they had so often deserved by a perpetual imprisonment to which being closely confined they lived to see their Villany punished by Infamy But fortune was more favourable to the Traytors that came in at home than to those who fled abroad for about that time Sir George Downing being Embassadour in Holland had intelligence that three of the Fugitive Regicides Barkstead Okey and Corbet being come back out of Germany lurked in Delf He therefore having obtained a Warrant from the States General seized them and sent them over to England where being brought to a tryal they were condemned for High-Treason and April the nineteenth executed at Tyburn They went all to death with a fanatical ostentation of Piety But Barkstead and Corbet approaching to their end after many ugly delays and cups of Strong-waters unwillingly put their trembling necks into the Halter which quickly put an end to the Wretches half dead already for fear But Okey being a man of an undaunted mind and making use of his courage to the last went off with the bravoury of a Souldier and not undecently had he so died for his Country Corbet was heretofore an inspired prating Lawyer more skilful in the Principles of Fanaticks than in the Laws he got to be a Member of that long and black Parliament and no man was more professedly an implacable Enemy to the King The low extraction of Okey is buried in obscurity Being a Tallow-chandler in London and weary of his poor condition he followed the profitable Wars of the Parliament where his daringness advanced him to the place of a Colonel and at length to be one of the chief Judges in trying and sentencing the King Barkstead was heretofore a whifling Goldsmith in London and had raised himself upon the Ruines of his Country But those who knew the cunning of Oliver in chusing his Magistrates wondered that he preferred so silly and idle a fellow even to be a Colonel and Lieutenant of the Tower of London besides other Offices But that kind of stupid fierceness was more useful to Cromwel than the cunninger knavery of others for the Tyrant himself for the most part looked another way and commanded the Villanies which he would not behold so that this fellow no doubt was privy to the furious Councils of Cromwel and a trusty Minister of his Protectoral Cruelty And so long as he was chief Jaylor to Oliver the barbarous Villain was never startled at the sight of the Murders and Imprisonments of so many Nobles and worthy Subjects His head was set upon a Gate of the Tower whereof heretofore he had been Governour that upon the same Stage where he acted his greatest Crimes he might suffer his greatest Punishment The first Prodigy of the Regicides was their matchless impudence in putting to death the King and their next their obstinacy to the last For when they had murdered the best of Kings to the shame of Christianity the infamy of the Reformation and the universal reproach and malediction of Fanatick Zeal these godly Regicides were ashamed when Treason stuck in their breasts to confess their hypocritical pretending Religion even at the last gasp Nay their Godliness made them so impudent as rather to know themselves guilty and deny it to save their reputation amongst their Brethren than humbly and modestly to acknowledge their Crimes The Authority of Parliament was the onely thing that all of them alleadged to justifie their Parricide as if a Gang of fifty Robbers who had so often violated that Authority had been worthy of that name when there was neither the colour nor resemblance of a House of Commons left Nec color Imperii nec frons fuit illa Senatûs But since they could live no longer to do mischief their whole care was at their death to harden the minds of their Party by a fanatical assertation of dying good men when it was rather the highest Judgment of an offended God to let them fill up the Cup of their bold Indignities by a desperate end It was time now for the King who was a Batchelour to think of Marriage that he might leave a Posterity for the future
Archbishop of Canterbury are accused of High-Treason both the English and Scots impeaching them Against Strafford also out of Ireland where the greatest matter of accusation was to be pickt up both Witnesses and Accusers are brought For whilst he was Deputy of Ireland he had by some severities which though perhaps they could not stand the test of the punctilio's and niceties of Law yet were necessary for the publick raised the indignation of the Inhabitants in that he endeavoured to reclaim the native Irish from their wonted Barbarity to Industry Civility and better Manners and to enure them to the Customs and Practices of the English Whence in a short time he had been so successful in this that having setled Trades Husbandry and Commerce amongst those lazy and stubborn people they began to flourish more than in all Ages before and to bring money into the Exchequer of England which by Rebellions they had so often exhausted before From amongst these though they were Roman Catholicks and sworn enemies to the English Government and even then plotting a Conspiracy against it Accusers in name of the Kingdom of Ireland and Witnesses were sent for who being prone enough of themselves to the work that they might the more securely attempt the Rebellion which then they hatched in their minds the wise Deputy being taken off were by all civilities and kind offices caressed by the Factious that by accumulated crimes they might overwhelm Strafford The Lord Keeper Finch was also accused and all the Judges who being sworn had after long deliberation declared in favour of the King as to the lawfulness of Ship-money Twelve Bishops also who by the riotous Rabble having been barred from coming into the House of Lords protested against all Laws that should be made as invalid until all that were concerned in the Council of the Kingdom might safely be present Others withdrew to avoid the impendent storm The Judges scared with this Parliamentary Thunderclap and taught to obey their Lords and Masters are at last all freely discharged and some of them continued in their places or promoted to higher The Bishops having lost their power of voting in the Lords House by a Law made in their absence being likewise set at liberty Canterbury is reserved for a future Sacrifice All the Storm at present fell upon the head of the Earl of Strafford whose Tragedy since it lay heavy upon the King during his whole life and at his death and that he by the Rebels was reckoned the most guilty I shall more fully relate that by the instance of one judgment may be made of the rest what kind of men they were who were so hated by the Parliament With great pomp he is accused by the Commons of twenty eight Articles of High Treason before the House of Lords all the Commons were present of whom six of the most violent were his Prosecutors or Managers of the Tryal the King also Queen and Prince being there privately behind the Curtain The weight of his Impeachment lay in this That in Ireland he had acted many things arbitrarily contrary to Law That in time of Peace he had raised Money of the Inhabitants against their wills by Military Exactions That he had advised the King to force the Subjects of England to obedience by foreign Arms and to make War against Scotland The Tryal lasted many days during which the Earl with great presence of mind and judgment defending himself so refuted the Arguments of his Prosecutors that amongst so many Articles there was not one even in the judgment of his enemies that could amount to Treason nor could all put together be constructed an acumulative Treason which inraged the House of Commons so far that having no colour of Law to take his life they make a new Law ex post facto whereby he is made guilty of High-Treason with a clause therein That it should not be made a Precedent in other Courts But this past not without great debate and opposition many speaking and arguing to the contrary and fifty nine of the chief Members of the House dissenting whose names were posted up in publick places that being exposed to the view and fury of the Mobile they might learn to vote with the Factious for the future if they had not rather be torn in pieces alive This Bill was in two days time past and engrossed in the House of Commons and carried up to the Lords for their consent but a matter of such moment was more seriously deliberated about there The Factious impatient of this delay stir up the Rabble and Dregs of the People who armed with Staves and Clubs and what Weapons Rage put into their hands came rushing to the Parliament-house roaring out Justice Justice and growing dayly more and more insolent morning and evening persisted in their riotous Clamours These Blades besetting the House of Lords lay hands upon what Lords and Bishops they please and tossing them to and fro hinder them from entering and threaten them worse if they obstinately refused to comply with the Commons Next they break in into Westminster-Abbey pull down the Organs rob the Vestments and sacred Furniture of the Church and then with furious clamours run to White-hall the Kings own house Nay they proceeded to that impudence as to dare to affront the King by sawcy and insolent Answers when his Majesty from a Balcony told them as they passed by White-hall that they should keep at home and mind their business Whilst some of the Justices of Peace according to their Oath and duty imprison those of that Rabble whom they could catch to be kept there for condign punishment they themselves are clapt up by the factious House of Commons pretending that it was free for all to come and petition the Parliament though they had caused the Gates of London to be shut against the men of Kent who came to petition the contrary and frightened others who intended to have done the like And when some discreet and good men had desired the Factious that they would at length lay the Devils whom they had raised they made answer That they ought rather to thank their Friends Nay so far was the Parliamentary Dignity debased that many times Members of the House of Commons came to the Clubs of Apprentices where they consulted about related and examined the affairs that past in Parliament what was designed to be done what parts they themselves were to act and when Hence their Tumults became by this kind of schooling in a manner to be regular being distributed into proper Classes and Fraternities as of Porters Watermen Taylors c. who under pretext of petitioning at the least hint from their Demagogues flocked together into bodies And that once for all we may lay open the nature of this Sore if any difficult knot occurred which by other arts they could not unty they presently betook themselves
rob their Parents Fathers their Children Servants their Masters Wives their Husbands so that the mutual Offices to which men are bound in society were denied to those that differed from them in opinion For these reasons many contrary to the Dictates of Conscience run into the noose of the Covenant and at length whether that they thought themselves obnoxious to the Kings Laws or really bound in conscience by their Oath they seriously espoused the Party of the Parliament Against this many learned and pious men took up the Cudgels and in several Treatises amongst which was the Judgment of the University of Oxford an unanswerable piece in Latin confuted it as contrary to the Laws both of God and man the Covenanters in the mean time making no answer but with force and the sharper Arguments of the Sword The Scots who faithfully promised the King to give him no trouble in his affairs in England having by those previous artifices cleared their way into that Kingdom with twenty thousand men come to the assistance of the Parliament But first for forms sake they send Commissioners to the King to perswade him being inclinable enough of himself to make peace with the Parliament and to offer themselves as Mediators of the Controversie but the King having rejected them as unjust and partial Judges and commanded them to mind their own affairs at home they call a Parliament against all Law in the Kings name and then declare War The King foreseeing the Storm that was like to fall upon himself and Party had provided against it as well as possibly he could The Lords and Members of the House of Commons who though they were excluded the Houses thought it their duty still to stand by the Publick came over to the Kings side and the former to the number of forty with the Lord Keeper of the great Seal and the latter above two hundred transfer the Parliament to Oxford where being called to Council before they were admitted to take Arms by the King they held a Session of Parliament by the Kings authority nothing being wanting to the power and dignity of a Parliament but Walls and the place appointed by the Kings Writ To these the King gave strictly in charge that they would do what lay in their power to avert the Storm or at least consult how they might be able to resist it This Parliament wrote to the Scots that they would not in an hostile manner invade the King and Kingdom of England nor violate the Pacification formerly made They declare it Treason to take up Arms against the King or without his consent to call a foreign Nation into the Kingdom and that therefore the Rump-Parliament sitting at Westminster were upon both accounts guilty of High-Treason They also pass an Act for raising as much money as could reasonably be expected from the exhausted Counties and Towns which still continued in obedience to the King for defraying the charges of a double War now approaching The King also by Letters earnestly dehorted the Scots from that unlawful attempt and prohibits them by Proclamation That being his Subjects and obliged by so many bonds they would not come to the assistance of Rebels But this being signed by the hands of nineteen Lords the prevailing Rebels of Scotland with matchless insolence in Subjects cause it publickly to be burnt by the common Hangman The Marquess of Hamilton is commanded to keep the Scots at home that they might not meddle in the affairs of another Kingdom who being discovered to have unfaithfully discharged that Office having under pretext of danger fled out of Scotland to the King was afterward committed to Prison The Marquess of Montross being made General and Commissioner of Scotland is dispatched thither that by giving them a diversion at home they might be kept from invading England This Commission was valiantly discharged by the Marquess having with a handful of men and those raw and undisciplined put whole Armies to flight and every-where wasted the Country However the Scots pursuing their point left not England before by the help of Fairfax they had routed no small part of the Kings Army which they had long diverted from quelling the Parliamentarians elsewhere taken Newcastle and other strong places and handed on the Victory into the more Southern parts Henceforward the Kings affairs do dayly decline and were at length totally ruin'd Victory everywhere smiling upon the Rebels The Republican Rebels having obtained many Victories began to vent their hatred and indignation against the Lords and especially after the last Newberry-Fight they grew sick of the Earl of Manchester For he in a Council of War giving his opinion and exhorting them to Peace which he judged more expedient to the State seemed not so thorough-paced and fierce upon the War as they could have desired and being therefore in a long Speech accused by Cromwel in the Lower House he defends himself in the Vpper retorting the accusation So that both Houses thought it more convenient to compose the difference betwixt them than to enter into the merits of the Cause The Kings Forces being at length scattered and broken by the Scots on the one hand and the Parliament-Rebels on the other Pay and Provisions being wanting and Factions arising betwixt the Commanders of the Army and the Lords that all things might conspire to draw down Judgments upon us His Majesty had in his mind first to come to London and trust himself in the hands of the Parliament next to cast himself into the arms of the English Army but being rejected by both and his affairs in a very doubtful condition he ventured to betake himself to the Scots the French Embassadour who then was in the Scottish Army and some Scottish Commanders having obtained from them promises of honour safety and freedom for his Majesties person This revived former Grudges betwixt the English and Scottish Rebels which had almost broken out into a War It was likewise given out that the Earl of Essex who from a General was now become a private person would joyn with the Lords and Commons that conspired for their ruine in new Articles and Resolutions with the Scots but his sudden death occasioned by lying on the ground when he was all in a sweat after hunting dissipated all those rumours Nevertheless the Rebels thought fit at publick cost to humour him with magnificent Funerals as being more for their interest to shew gratitude to a dead friend than to have him perhaps a living enemy Upon this they began to deny the Scots their Pay put a necessity upon them of exacting Money and free Quarters from the Counties where they lay expose them to hatred extenuate their merits undervalue the courage of the Nation call them mercenary Souldiers of fortune whilst they in the mean time paid them onely with Reproaches threaten to drive them out of the Kingdom by force of Arms publickly provoke
vigilant part by degrees circumvented the greater but less sedulous If any thing were moved in Parliament that they would not have pass or which at a distance they foresaw might be hurtful to their practices they vigorously opposed it or by shams evasions scruples started in the heat of debate and the like arts got it put off till another time If the greater number of Voices were against them they brought in some other Bill over head and shoulders that might invalidate the former and elude the intention thereof If they contrived any thing that might give suspicion to their Adversaries or that they despaired to obtain in a full House they send the Presbyterians of an Errand into the Country either about real and urgent business or feigned necessities In the unavoidable absence or supine neglect of whom they got any thing voted and past with a nemine contradicente Nor did their private Clubs and Cabals a little promote their designes where having laid their heads together they took their best measures before hand how they should behave themselves in publick and what Province every one was to undertake By these and such-like arts that branch of the Rebels being advanced to no small power and separated as we said before from the Presbyterians under the name of Independents who would have no Head make head against them This Title did well quadrate to all the other Sects in general and was used by them because depending on the government of no National Church nor Civil Power they ordered all things relating to Doctrine and Church-Discipline in their private Congregations Not that most part of them had any concern for Religion but that that specious Profession giving a comprehensive latitude to all Sects Anabaptists Quakers Millenaries and all other Fanaticks they might swell the number and power of their Faction whom others in derision called the Holy Brethren a name they themselves affected Nevertheless that they might enlarge their Party and by a hypocritical humanity and readiness to condescend hook in the good will of many they sollicitously strike in with men of all Perswasions and by allurements suitable to their tempers feel their Pulses To the godly they promise Reformation of Divine Worship sweeten the Preachers with the hopes of the Revenues of the Bishops Deans and Chapters and of establishing Presbytery by Law allowing still liberty to tender Consciences do really grant indemnity to Hereticks and Schismaticks draw in the Ambitious by honour and titles feeding the Covetous with money under the notion of Pensions or Rewards for good services they threaten the Obnoxious protect Malefactors and in a word no man resolutely opposed them but was by Emissaries and Spies whom they had in all places Letters intercepted misinterpreted words and actions brought into suspicion and danger Whoever they admitted into their friendship and service though the most infamous and flagitious wretch living yet in all things they protected him and amongst others the Speaker of the House of Commons who being a man for their turn when he was accused of Bribery they brought him off gave him money and gain'd him to their Party as one that would be no less serviceable to them for all that and the more faithful to their Party as he was the more obnoxious and guilty They tamper also with the Earl of Essex who being dejected by his defeat in Cornwall they thought might be grown more tractable and therefore they put it to him if he would for the future be for a down-right Commonwealth Upon which condition they promise To put him at the head of a new Army to be payed monthly and supplied with Ammunition and all necessary Provisions But he refusing it was said that the same Conditions were privately offered to other Noblemen not that they had any respect for the Lords whom shortly they intended to turn out and to level with the Commoners but that they might poyson them with their own venom and rise to greater authority by drawing more over to their side But they being of a contrary mind and more inclinable to the Kings Party no sooner rejected the offers but the Rebels cast their eyes upon another By a new and specious Ordinance whereby they said they would reform the Parliament and restore it to its integrity to which they gave the title of the Self-denying Ordinance they clipt the Presbyterians wings and confirmed their own strength For by this Ordinance it was provided that none of either House after a limited day should bear any Office Military or Civil whereby it was brought about that many of the emulous Faction were obliged to resigne the places they held This gives them a fair opportunity of altering the whole Civil State and new modelling the Army as they called it to the administration of which the Candidates of that Faction are for the most part preferred nor could some Republican Lords long refrain from the ambition of the rest hunting after all opportunities of Preferment and turning the Self-denying Ordinance into an Act of pure Self-love Essex who suited not so well with their temper being laid aside they give the command of the Army to Sir Thomas Fairfax onely Son to Fardinand Lord Fairfax a valiant man indeed and of a good natural disposition but easie and forward to undertake and execute any thing that he was put upon as a sure Tool to work the effect which was designed by the hand that managed it wherefore he was the more readily chosen by both Parties To him they joyn Cromwel with the Title of Lieutenant-General but with intention of being his Governour by whom some Officers at first desired onely to be commanded for a time though afterwards contrary to the intent of the Self-denying Ordinance they were established and commissionated by authority of Parliament This last having wholly run out his Estate which was not very great resolved to trade in Religion for repairing his broken Fortune and for that end became the Ringleader and Stickler for the Schismaticks and by means of these he was chosen a Member of Parliament Would you see him painted to the life in his natural colours and such as his own Party have drawn him in in their publick Writings He was a great Master in Hypocrisie and Dissimulation who lifting up his eyes to Heaven and laying his hand upon his breast would invoke the Name of God weep pray and bewail his sins till he stabb'd him he spoke to under the fifth rib I mention not his Ambition Avarice and Pride which the Republicans who were before his Brethren and Companions afterwards openly charged him with The Colonels Captains and inferiour Officers are for the most part chosen from among the Schismaticks or those that were no great enemies unto them In the mean while Cromwel's Son-in-law and his other Relations and Friends have the chief Commands in the Army bestowed upon them These having got so fair
to death Out comes presently an Ordinance under pain of High-Treason That no man should presume to declare CHARLES STEUART commonly called Prince of Wales King And as if this had been but a small matter That no man should pray for CHARLES the Second under the name of Prince of Wales King of Scotland or eldest Son of the King or for the Duke of York or any of the Royal Family under pain of Sequestration Monarchy and the House of Lords being both abolished the first under pretext of change uselesness and danger and the other both of uselesness and danger they make an Ordinance for changing the most ancient Government of England into a Democraty or Popular Commonwealth and because the Mayor of London refused to publish the Ordinance they turn him out of his Office fine him in two thousand pounds and commit him to the Tower notwithstanding his alleadging That such an act was to be performed by the Sheriffs and not the Mayor of London and that being bound by so many Oaths he could not in conscience do it A dull blockhead one of the Kings Judges was forthwith put into his place and that others upon account of conscience might not boggle at any of their commands they abolish the Oath which all men upon their entry into publick place were obliged to take to the Kings Majesty They purge the Common Council of the City which was wont to consist of the richer and graver Citizens and turn out many Aldermen making this their colour for it that the year before though at the desire of the major part of the Parliament They had signed the Petition for a personal Conference with the King and filled their places with the abject Riff-raff of the Rabble many of them very young and most of them broken fellows They also turn out the Recorder Town-Clerk and other Officers of the City who had refused to attend the Mayor at the publishing of the Ordinance for abolishing of Monarchy other factious Villains of their own Gang being preferred to their places who leading the other Citizens by the noses the City of London in a trice became obedient to the Orders of the Mock-Parliament With one single Vote they repeal all the ancient Laws made against Sects and Schisms They deprive the Ministers of the promised Revenues I mean of Deans and Chapters Lands They also make profession of easing tender Consciences from the burthen of Tythes assigning some thousands a year out of the Kings Revenue for Stipends and Salaries for the Preachers that so they might be at the beck of the Republicans and be at length by Office constrained with mutual Assistance and Pay to conspire against Monarchy Nay it was debated whether they should not for some time shut the Church-doors and restrain the licentiousness of Presbyterians but milder Councils prevailing some having been imprisoned others threatned with death all are commanded upon pain of Sequestration to refrain from Invectives and to comply with their Rulers in keeping Fasts and Thanksgiving-days and whatever else concerned the affairs of the Church They break down the Kings Arms and Statues that were set up in publick places and put up their own instead of them They coyn new money with the impression of a Cross and Harp as the Arms of England and Ireland In a word as by Law and in full right they invade and appropriate to themselves all the Regalia which as by way of Sequestration they had before usurped From henceforward without any regard to Justice and Honesty they spare neither Sex nor any Order of men The Kings Children who remained in England to wit the Lady Elizabeth and Henry Duke of Gloucester Princes of singular accomplishments of Nature are many ways basely used by them Amongst the Regicides it was moved oftener than once whether they had not better put her out Apprentice to a Trade that she might get her living than to breed her up in a lazy life at the charge of the Publick From the gentle tuition of the Earl of N. she is turned over to the severer discipline of another with orders that when there was no occasion for it she should not be treated as the Daughter of a King Afterward she was confined to Carisborough-Castle in the Isle of Wight under the custody of one Mildmay an inspired fool but implacable enemy to the Royal Family that she poor Lady thus put in mind of her Fathers Imprisonment and Murder being already consumptive might the sooner be brought to her end And indeed when through the irksomness of Prison Grief and Sickness she visibly and daily decayed and pined away the inhumane Traytors deny her the assistance of a Physician nay the Physician whose presence she earnestly desired they so frighten from his duty that he durst not wait upon her She being dead they send the Duke of Gloucester into banishment having allowed him a small piece of money that I may not omit any act of their humanity to carry him over into Flanders They basely treat the Countess of Carlisle by an usage unworthy of her Sex and Quality as being one who of too much a friend before was now become an Enemy and commit her to the Tower of London Duke Hamilton and the Earl of Holland who now too lately repented their having been the first of the Lords and chief of the Factious who for their own safety had too much served the times against the King and of the Royal Party the heroick Lord Capel a prime Champion both for his King and Country are by the same President Bradshaw who dyed red with Royal bloud knew not what it was to spare the bloud of other men in the same Court of Justice sentenced to lose their heads Whom the Rebels thought fit they banished and seized all Estates and Inheritances how large soever at their own discretion There was a debate amongst them about making a Law that whosoever was by them suspected to be an ill willer to the Commonwealth or an enemy to the Army might be brought to a tryal before a Council of War and sentenced by them as they thought fit Nay they order the stately Fabricks of the Royal Houses and Palaces to be thrown down that Kings for the future might not have a house of their own to cover their heads under God any stately Temples wherein he might be worshipped or the Kingdom any publick Structures to shew its magnificence St. Paul's Church in London that of Salisbury and the Kings house of Hampton-Court Fabricks that may compare for stateliness with the best of Europe with much ado escaped the fury of their desolating hands A Council of forty persons is erected which by a gentle name to the common people they call the Keepers of the Liberties who altogether or at least seven of the number had the full administration of the Commonwealth Amongst these were three or four contemptible Lords Slaves to the Republican Faction admitted of whom
sends two thousand five hundred Horse under the command of Reynolds and Theophilus Jones the Brother of the late Jones to hinder the Lord Lieutenants Levies and to reduce Towns every where as occasion did present For he understood that the Lord Lieutenant having held a Council of the Irish Nobility and Bishops at Baltimore in West Meath it was resolved that on the one hand that is to say in the North Cromwell should be kept in play and harressed with frequent Incursions whilst he should make greater Levies and join together the Forces of the Counties that on the other hand to wit in the South the Bishop of Ross should relieve the Besieged in Clonmell or at least give Cromwell some diversion But Reynolds being much stronger in Horse prevents the Lord Lieutenant and as if he had had him in a Toyl renders all unsafe nor did he desist before he had driven the Earl of Castle-haven and all the Governours of Castles into Connaght Nay and over and above he took Bala-house near to Trim and forced Finagh and other neighbouring places to Surrender But a greater storm was coming upon the English out of Munster for the Bishop of Ross pittying the Condition of so many brave Men that were Besieged in Clonmel advanced to their relief with four thousand Foot and three hundred Horse But Broghill meeting him with twelve hundred Foot and fourteen hundred Horse part of which he himself had and part he had received from Cromwell he easily defeated and put them all to slight having slain and wounded seven hundred and taken an hundred Prisoners and amongst them the Bishop whom because he had turned his Myter into a Helmet and used the Temporal Sword instead of the Spiritual he caused ignominiously to be hanged before Caringdred which Garrison he having lately taken in Munster the Captain would not deliver up till he was terrified by that sad Spectacle In the mean time the Siege of Clonmel is carried on and though the Garrison bravely defended it and had beat off the Enemy in a fierce Assault with the loss of Colonel Culham and many others yet fearing since there was no hopes of Relief that they would at length fall as Sacrifices under the bloody hands of Cromwell packing up Bag and Baggage about Mid-night thay desert the Town and secure themselves by flight The Mayor and Towns-People destitute of Defence without mentioning the departure of the Garrison desire a Cessation and Parly and upon condition of saving their Houses from being Plundered and of liberty of living as they had formerly done they very willingly open their Gates But the morning discovering the trick Cromwell was vexed and sends some Troops to pursue the Garrison in the Rear But they were before got out of reach having in the night time past the Hills and most difficult ways but the Cromwellians overtaking many Straglers who by reason of their Wounds or other hindrances staid behind amongst them there were not a few Women put them all without Mercy to the Sword Afterwards the little Towns that lay about Duncannon Waterford and Carlow were taken in that these stronger Garrisons being more and more straitned if they could not by Force and Assault they might at least at length be starved into a Complyance and Submission Nor were the other Cromwellian Commanders less successful in the remaing parts of Ireland For the Elder Coot joyned to Venables in Vlster not to mention any but the principal strong holds took Culmore Done Ems Castle seated in Logh Suile Colrane famous for a Salmon fishing standing commodiously upon the River Wane Armagh and the Scots and Irish to the number three thousand four hundred whom Monro a Scottish Man brought to raise the Siege being cut off Karick Fergus Belfast Castlefordan Carlingford Margraff Monagh and Liskelagh At length he routed Eyer-Marmahon Bishop of Cloger who by the Votes of the Vlster Nobility being substituted in place of the late Oneal commanded four thousand Foot and four hundred Horse But coming to an Engagement they were all broken and dispersed and their Mitered General taken and Hanged It is observable of this Army that they were all Roman Catholicks who upon that account more confidently promised themselves the Victory Charlemont cost a great deal of Labour and Pains nor at length would the Garrison surrender it but upon very honourable terms Huson also subdued Kilmalock Hariston Hau Blackwater Rabrig Talbo At h Dermit Castle and which we mentioned before Kildare Belsannon and Lochlin I purposely omit Yekrohan and other places which Reynolds and other Commanders subdued to the rest of Logh Foyl It was about the beginning of May when Cromwell within less than a year with wonderful success having carried his victorious Ensignes through three Provinces of Ireland like a thunderbolt of War of whom it might truly have been said and to his praise had he fought for his Prince Veni vidi vici I came I saw I overcame is now recalled to fresh Labours and to a new War against the Scots of which I shall hasten to the Relation after I have given the Reader in one glance a view of the remaining affairs of Ireland Cromwell therefore hastening his expedition leaves Ireton his Son in Law General of the Forces of Ireland who without longer delay besieges Waterford and at the same time two other Castles Carlow and Duncannon Preston Commanded Waterford not very willing to hold out a place difficult to be maintained by reason it was beset on all hands and no hopes of relief Nevertheless at first he seemed to carry high and demands Conditions accordingly which being rejected by the Enemy when he perceived himself shut up within the Walls Batteries raised and the great Guns begin to roar he abates a little of his height and at length condescends to these Articles That the Ships Guns Ammunition and publick Provisions shall be delivered up to the Common-wealth That the Governour all the Colonels inferiour Officers and Souldiers with their Horses shall march out with Drums beating flying Colours charged Musquets lighted Matches and have safe conduct to Athlome That the Sick and wounded Towns-People shall remain there until they recover That such as intended to transport their Families beyond Sea shall have three Months time to do it in That those who would stay at home shall be free from all Injuries That the Servants of Preston shall have liberty to pack up and carry away all his Goods that he hath either in this place or else-where at Carlow In the same manner and upon the same Conditions out of Carlow and Duncannon fifteen hundred Men marched all under the Command of young Preston for the elder was at that time sick But it is now time to return to the Lord Lieutenant whom as the Papist Clergy had by all means formerly withstood so now affairs declining and daily running into Ruin they licentiously slight and despise
Youth Unhappy English who with blind rage have consumed the Relicts of the Palatinat and accursed Broils of Britain that shipwrack't that Life which escaped the Sword of Austria I should give way to lamentations if our shame could add Glory to the Dead or give comfort to the surviving Family But a Valiant man is not to be by womanish houling lamented neither does true Grief require an ambitious pomp of Words nor great sorrow admit it Let us only then which is all we can do with our Tears wash out the stain of our unlucky Age to which Crime it is no small accession that the Ocean and other World are also polluted with the destruction of the Royal Family But Prince Rupert which was some comfort having sent his Goods into France with much adoe was saved I return to Portugal from whence the steam of Sugar attracted an Ambassadour to London Now would God the Supreme disposer of all things suffer that so remarkable constancy of so good a King should turn to the dammage of his Subjects For the Ships being restored the War that was threatened was upon supplication averted a new League made and the Peace afterward more religiously observed The Rebels indeed think it below them to make reparation for dammages yet they make them good by a War they were to engage in with the Dutch and Spaniards to the great advantage of the Portuguese I mention not the Glory of assisting distressed Princes a rare thing amongst Kings But after all he himself has no cause to fear but that his kindness shew'd to a King heretofore in distress will by the same Prince who never forgets those that have deserved well of him now raised to the Throne of his Ancestours and joyned to him in Affinity be repayed to him and his Subjects with plentiful interest But now we have affairs nearer home and with the Dutch again to consider Strickland having long resided in Holland as Ambassadour is now slighted and being allowed no more a place in the Assembly of the States he returns home But that the Parricides might repay one Affront with another they command Jacobin Vanodenskirk the Dutch Ambassadour to depart the Kingdom of England upon pretext that the King being dead the Negotiation with the States was now at an end But soon after as if they repented what they had done Schaepie is sent to treat of Peace who though he was but an Agent and empowred only by one City to wit Amsterdam to treat yet by the Rump-Parliament he is honoured with the Title of Ambassadour who take occasion on the other hand to send two Ambassadours with Royal and Magnificent Equipage to wit Oliver St. Jones one of the Members of the Rump-Parliament and Lord Chief Justice of the Common-Pleas and Walter Strickland These have Instructions To clap up a Peace and that by a Coalition of both Nations into one they might live under the same Government have the mutual Priviledges of Habitation Trading and Harbours of each Country indifferently But these were not to be divulged but piece and piece and by degrees if they found the People inclineable and fit to comply with such Propositions But the States had no inclination to settle a Peace until they found the success of the affairs in Scotland But after much adoe having at length given Audience to the Ambassadours they put them off from day to day till they proposed at long run some long winded Articles of Peace drawn up in the time of Henry VII to be considered which so soon as the Ambassadours had rejected they devise others to drive away time until the Ambassadours finding themselves fooled might hasten their departure But during their stay in Holland the States were necessitated to place a Guard at their Door nor was that sufficient to secure them from Affronts but that their Windows were every night broken or they themselves disturbed by I know not what Bug-bears and Apparitions There was also a strong report that a certain Relation of St. Jones came to his House that with a Bow-string he might strangle him after the manner of the Turks Mutes but that because he saw no way to escape if he had committed the Fact he abstained from attempting it The Ambassadours being startled at these things and daily fearing worse and not knowing how long they might stay nor what answer bring back they return without any effect of their Negotiation But great were the Disorders that this Affront occasioned and severe was the Revenge which the Parricides hatched in their Hearts being resolved that if the affairs in Scotland succeeded according to their wishes they would never rest nor sheath their Sword before they had forced by Arms the Conditions which by Ambassadours they could not obtain In the mean time they thought it enough at present to give out Letters of Reprisal and by other mens hands revenge the Injuries done to themselves and to make an Act that no Merchandise of what Country soever it were should be brought into England unless imported in English Bottoms by English Sea-men or fraighted by English Merchants Let us make a trip over to Sweden the Queen whereof had lately sent an Envoy to Compliment and Congratulate the Regicides To her therefore Whitlock is sent in a splendid Embassie to return the Honour and Compliment and also to make Peace with her to which she very willingly consented But the Queen being shorttly after removed or to use a softer expession having resigned the Crown the King of Sweden sends over a Reciprocal and no less Honourable Embassy by the Lord Christopher Bond a Senator of the Kingdom to Cromwell who then had the chief administration of the Government The Isles of Silly lay very convenient for molesting the Trade of the English There the Royalists cruising too and again with four or five small Vessels did no little hurt to the Regicides and would have done much more could they have been morgaged to the Dutch as it was commonly reported For plucking out of this Thorn great preparations are made at Plimouth not above fifteen Leagues distant from the Islands Where Blake and Popham having provided some small Vessels and Boats they take the opportunity and set Sail from thence in the night time with three hundred Souldiers besides Sea-men and having had a fair Wind next morning they come to the Land There are in all ten adjacent Islands divided only by narrow Passages of an Eddy Sea and on all sides secured by Shelves and Rocks In three hours time they take Threscoe and Briari with the loss of fifteen Men but of the Garrison a Boat being sunck about fourty were drowned one hundred and twenty made Prisoners and about fourty Guns taken which the Royalists out of two Friggats had planted upon the shoar The raging of the Sea appeasing the Fury of the Souldiers made for two days time a Cessation not unlike to a
so many dangers under the protection of Almighty God they all safely arrived in the Spey The People were not a little gladded by the Kings Landing in Scotland testifying their Joys with Shouts and Acclamations and Bonefires But the Commissioners that with shew of greater Honour they might conduct him to Edinburrough put back those that in sense of Duty came to salute and honour him and beat off others with Fists and Sticks that more importunately approached He was splendidly entertained by the Magistrates of Aberdeen who for a pledge of their Love presented him with fifteen hundred Marks which he distributed amongst his indigent and almost famished Servants And that occasioned a Proclamation for securing their Money That such as thought fit to bestow any thing for the interest of the King it should only be brought into the publick Treasury The Magistrates of Dundee entertained him likewise magnificently saving that a Member of Montross was to be seen upon a Poll on the top of the Town Hall and that the Estates urged him to sign new Articles Afterwards he came to Edinburrough amidst the reiterated and joyful Acclamations of all the People and is again by the Heralds proclaimed King of Scotland England and Ireland The Kings Majesty is managed according to the pleasure of some Commissioners access is allowed to such as they thought fit all others being kept back His Guard is Commanded by the Lord Lorn Son to the Marquess of Argile by whom all the avenues are observed that no man might envy that splendid custody In the mean time the Presbyterian Ministers talk of nothing but Crimes now inveighing against the Sins of his Father and by and by again against the Idolatry and Heresie of his Mother and the obstinacy of both towards the Reformation the Government and Church of Christ They never rest telling him of Wars Slaughter Bloodshed of his Education and living amongst Bishops Men of no Religion and that in a saucy manner without the least sense of reverence or shame Labouring to make him a new Creature by lessons of Repentance and Humility severe rebukes and admonitions that he might carry his Cross before he put on his Crown and mount by the Valley of Bacha to the Throne of regal Authority And all these things they so absurdly and clownishly set about that their Doctrins and Instructions were more apt to make him nauseate and eternally hate their ways than to gain him to a liking or assent to their Opinions The King one evening walking in the Garden a couple of dapper Covenant Levites making up to him and very severely chid him for profaning the Lords Day by a Walk though he had heard two Sermons and been publickly at Morning and Evening Prayers that day besides other private Meditations that he was much given to The Laity also instead of a Crown of Gold shining with Jewels which they bragg'd they would Crown him with the precious Stones being secretly and by degrees pick'd out of it give him one of Feathers such as Demetrius truly said no man in his senses would stoop and take up from the ground by allowing him his Robes the Name of Majesty and Ensigns of a King with the troubles and difficulties of doing Justice though that also must be administred after their way whilst they invaded and reserved to themselves the substantial Prerogatives of making Laws and Peace and War But these things could not be so kept up from the Regicides though the Parliaments claw'd one another with mutual signs of good-will by Conferences and Messengers at least no Hostility as yet appears but that by their Friends and Emissaries in Holland and Scotland who were well paid for their pains they were informed of the whole series of the pacification And therefore they consult how they might provide before hand against a storm that haug over their heads There was an Army in readiness under the Command of Fairfax but that General was not very prone to enter into a War with the Scots who had not as yet provoked the English by any injuries they suspected him rather to have a kindness for that Nation and to be inwardly displeased at the Murder of the King and subversion of the Government They therefore recal Cromwell out of Ireland to give him the charge of the Scottish War He quickly returning home Crowned with Victories and Success in a triumphant manner entred London amidst a crowd of Attendants Friends Citizens and Members of the Rump-Parliament Guarded by a Troop of Horse and a Regiment of Foot and amongst them Fairfax himself went out two miles to meet him and congratulate his Arrival But when they were come to Tyburn the place of publick Execution where a great croud of spectators were gathered together a certain flatterer pointing with his finger to the Multitude Good God! Sir said he what a number of People come to welcome you home He smiling made answer But how many more do you think would flock together to see me hanged if that should happen There was nothing more unlikely at that time and yet there was a presage in these words which he often repeated and used in discourse The Regicides and he having consulted it is thought fit to ease the Lord Fairfax of the burden and Cromwell is declared Captain General of all the Forces in England Scotland and Ireland who undertakes the War against the Scots having ordered Souldiers and Provisions to be sent towards Berwick The Scots instantly send Letters to the Rump-Parliament Cromwell and Haselrigg Governour of New-Castle wherein they complain that the Rump-Parliament design an Invasion of their Country and that contrary to the Vnion agreed upon betwixt both Nations and the publick Faith mutually given no War being denounced the Cause not published nor their Answers expected without giving them time to repent if they had offended in any thing But that the Scene might be continued The English Officers give an Answer The summ of which that the Genius of these times may the better appear to Posterity I shall here shortly relate And after a Preface it was to this purpose We are blamed for the Murder of the King for which we are bound rather to give God thanks and applaud the Parliament since the King was guilty of more bloodshed than the cruelty of all his Predecessours an obstinate Enemy of Reformation and of all good men who besides taught his Son to follow his footsteps Him the sounder part of the People the timorous and bad Members being secluded justly put to death God Almighty show'd them the who way at first approving it by wonderful successes and continual benedictions What is on the other hand objected that the Treaty the Law of Arms and the League and Covenant are violated by a War made before it be denounced but that Treaty is already abrogated by Hamilton at the Command of his own Parliament unless it be thought that the English
These reasons so prevailed that at length he withdrew Then do the Nobles and Ministers inquire into the Authors of the Kings coming and order almost a thousand Horse and two thousand Foot to be disbanded as being Malignants or that they had not at all or too late taken the Covenant without any previous signs of Repentance But Cromwell at that time knew none of these things who without any ransome sent the Prisoners whom he had taken in his own Coach to Edenburrough that by that good Office he might oblige the Kirk having not as yet lost all hopes of the Ministers or at least that he might have an occasion of getting Intelligence of the affairs of the Enemies Cromwell marches back to Dunbar where the Ships rode at Anchor that he might refresh his faint Souldiers with Provisions give them some rest and draw the Scots farther off from their Camp but being impatient of delay after a few days he marched back again and found much rejoycing and feasting at Edenburrough for the departure of the English which his sudden approach quickly put a stop to David Leslie is sent to Cromwell from the Comittee of the Kirk to acquaint him That the King stumbling at and refusing to subscribe to the Declaration offered him by the Committee of Estates and Commissioners of the Kirk concerning his former Carriage and resolution for the future is cause of just Grief and Offence in reference to the Cause of God and the Enemies and Friends thereof And therefore they do declare that they do not nor will not espouse any malignant Party or Quarrel but that they fight meerly upon their former Grounds and Principles in the cause of God and the Kingdom nor will they own the King nor his Interest farther than he owns and prosecutes the Cause of God c. Cromwell perceiving that there was no way to allure the Scots to a Battel marches towards Pentland Hills and in sight of the Army takes in Collington and Red-house both garrisoned by Souldiers that so he might draw the Scots out of their Trenches But when neither that could do he drew up his Army marches too and again about the Camp views provokes them and threatens a present attempt Nevertheless the Scots keep to their resolution sometimes indeed skirmishing with and harassing the Enemy but not daring to put it to the tryal of a Battel Until the Souldiers were enured by Skirkmishes and slight Engagements to look the Cromwellians in the Face use their Arms and lay aside all fear and that they might at length with no great labour defeat Cromwell's Forces tired out and weakned by the badness of Air Cold Hunger watching and frequent Skirmishing But because a rumour was spread abroad that the Scots kept within their Dens and lurking holes with a whole Skin not daring like Cowards to hazard a Battel that they might wipe off that Aspersion they send a splendid message to Cromwell to assure him that within a few days he should have experience of the contrary And that they might be as good as their word two days after drawing out their Forces they march to the right hand as towards Sterling and after a short march halt Cromwell that he might not seem to decline an opportunity of Fighting now by them offered advances against and follows them But when he came within Musquet-shot of the Enemy he puts Spurs to his Horse and advances that he himself might view what it was that hindered the Scots from coming on Finding a great Marish there which could not without difficulty be passed over with his great Guns which was all he could do he thunders against the Army to which the Scots on the other side return the like answer This roaring of great Guns lasted about the space of two hours with no great loss on either side and then both draw-off put an end to that kind of Mock-fight Cromwell returning to his Camp on Pentland Hills has intelligence that the Enemy was about to surprise Musselbrough and intercept the Provisions which he usually received in Boats from Dunbar Therefore they march thither in the dead of the Night and having refreshed the Army they put on board Ships fifteen hundred Men who being sick or wounded were not able to carry Arms and the rest march towards Haddington The Scots are at their heels Skirmishing with them in the Reer and flouting and jeering them nor were they sooner encamped but that they were set upon yet only to disturb and allarm them not to engage them with the whole Army Next day the Cromwellians march to Dunbar midway betwixt Berwick and Edenburrough upon the Sea shoar Lamner-moor Hills to the South being almost impassable The Scots sent a Body of Men to Cobberspath who though they were but few in number might hinder a far greater to pass over the Hills and pitch their Camp about Dunbar This being a very Rainy night the Officers rambled up and down and the private Souldiers I know not by whose Order had put out their Matches which as it usually happens when things go amiss was imputed to Treachery though there was a strong Guard kept next to the English But Cromwell having that night refreshed and cherished his Souldiers in good Lodging in the Town of Dunbar divided his Forces about break of day and sends Lambert first to charge the main Guard of the Scots he himself follows after and after a sharp dispute wherein most part being wounded many were killed he dispersed them all and follows them to the Camp where presently there was nothing but noise and confusion Men running to and again they knew not whither the groaning and sighing of dying Men shouts and joyful acclamations of the Conquerours flying and slaughter Three thousand are killed nine thousand taken Prisoners fifteen thousand Arms all the Artillery and Ammunition with above two hundred Colours fall into the hands of the Victorious The Prisoners after the wounded sick and weak and those that were of no value were set at liberty are sent to New-Castle in England where by the Governour Haselrig many of them were starved having nothing to eat but green Cabbage Leaves and Oats in a small proportion The more Robust that out-lived this Diet are condemned to the Sugar-Mills and by the English Planters are transported to the West-Indies Whilst these things were acting the Pulpits of Edenburrough resound with Prayers and promise a certain and speedy Victory and that the Feet of those who brought glad tydings were at hand But whil'st they are hourly in expectation of joyful they receive sad and sorrowful news Leslie himself arrives about ten of the Clock the same day and assures them of a total overthrow So dangerous a thing it is to pass a Judgment of God Almighty and by the line of our weak Reason to fathom the depth of unsearchable Providence For the purposes of a sincere heart are
had not been for the reverence and awe they stood in of the King would have flown in the faces of those Countrey-men of theirs at least would have been very troublesome unto them And now being informed how basely the King was used by the Covenanters they invite him to them promising to protect and defend him these were the Marquess of Huntley Earls of Athol and Seaforth the Lords Ogilby and Gordon Middleton and several other great men The King had already listned to these and secretly casts about with himself how he might make his escape out of the hands of those Covenanters Therefore mounting on Horse-back without Boots as if he had been going a Hawking with three or four more in Company he slips out of Town and directs his Journey to the house of the Lord Vicount Diddop with a purpose to abscond until the return of the Messengers who had been sent to learn the minds of the Highlanders whether or not they were able and were indeed willing to assist him In the mean time an Englishman having discovered where the King was great debates arise amongst the Nobles whether the Scots should leave him to shift for himself and onely look to themselves or having made submission unto him and promised greater obedience for the future they should use his means and Authority for reconciling all parties and perswasions This was liked of by most and for that end Montgomery is quickly dispatched with a trusty party of Horse that he might represent to his Majesty how dangerous that forsaking of the Covenanters would be to himself and his Affairs intreat him to return and promise better usage for the future In pursuance of his orders he came and beset the Lord Diddop's house in the night time and entring in the morning fell at his Majesties feet and pressed him so urgently that by his and others perswasion he was prevailed upon to return back with him to St. Johnston About that time as an accession to other Calamities the Death of the Prince of Orange happened He had fallen sick of the small Pox which at first seemed to threaten no danger having been let Blood put on clean Linnen and eaten Flesh unseasonably he suddenly dies and indeed too soon for the King and his own Family But he left a posthumous Son the present Prince to inherit his just Rights and Dignities in the Vnited Provinces Now began the minds of the Scots to bend by degrees Heretofore none to be admitted into the War but he who first gave a confession of his Faith and whose Religion was no ways suspected Flatterers who could countefeit Godly looks and grimaces were freely admitted but men of Courage who had signalized themselves in the Wars were put back No Water could serve them to quench the fire but what came from the clear Fountain Head no Sword but the Holy Sword of the Spirit was to be drawn against the Enemy Now all are sharers in the War yet not before they had confessed their Sins and by a kind of Repentance scowred their Consciences The Marquess of Hamilton is oblig'd of new to take the Covenant as also the Earls of Lauderdale Crawford Buchan the Lords Diddop Levingstone and many other Persons of great Quality Nay and the English also as the Duke of Buckingham Lord Wilmot Earl of Cleveland Massey and others whose names I do not remember are associated But Middleton and Huntley not satisfied with the Act of Indemnity having joyned the forces of the Earl of Athol march against them and defeat Browns Regiment and had also engaged Lesly had not the coming of the King put an end to the Controversie all being relaxed from Excommunication taking the Covenant and associated into the War Whilst these things are in agitation on the other side of Forth the effects of Cromwell's Letters and practises began to appear in that Seeds of Sedition being sown amongst the Scots the foundations of the Kirk were miserably shaken the Remonstrators from the Pulpit railing at the King and his Ministers and publishing Libels nay at length appealing to Cromwell against General Assemblies which they sawcily enveigh against because they prohibited their clamorous buffoonery And in all places cry that it was lawful for none that were truly Godly to take up Arms for the cause above mentioned at the Command of the Parliament King or Kirk All the South part of Scotland with greatest part of the Ministers and the Horse that were Commanded by Ker and Straughan are drawn in to subscribe the Remonstrance wherein they spew out the poison of their rancour against all those Who had called in the King too hastily before he had given certain marks of sincere Repentance and Conversion to God and before they had sounded the minds of the Parricides who had not had satisfaction objecting to them much more of the same stuff At last they propose ways for remedying those Evils The Parliament and Assemblie of the Kirk at first essay to mitigate and appease those violent Spirits with Lenities inviting them to send Commissioners to St. Johnston that if they had any remaining Scrupules they might be removed without noise But they returning an answer more insolently propose Sterling as a place of greater security to both meetings That the Parliament might repress that Sedition they order Ker to apprehend Straughan and bring him to Justice But he discovering the Train instantly sled into Cromwell's Camp where soon after dying he concluded the Catastrophe of his Fortune And so Ker alone has the command of the Horse Cromwell now despairing of the intestine dissentions amongst the Scots pursues Ker and having ordered Lambert and Whaley with five Regiments of Foot and an hundred Dragoons to keep along the South side of the River Clide he himself advances on the North side Lambert marching through Peebles quartered at Hamilton which Ker being informed of by his Scouts and knowing that Cromwell was absent with fifteen hundred Horse he suddenly falls upon Lambert in the night time and that very successfully at first till by chance a Tree being laid cross the street in the middle of the Town which a Captain with a Company defended put a stop to their Progress whilst Lambert drew up his Men and surrounding the Enemy charged them on the Rear And having made a considerable slaughter of them and Ker himself who was shot through the hand being taken he pursued the rest to Air which Town being presently taken was secured with a Garrison And so those of the old Army that hitherto remained are quite broken and dispersed whether more to the grief or satisfaction of the King I cannot tell About the same time a great Conspiracy of Presbyterians both Ministers and Lay-men is discovered at London which took vent first in Scotland and was by Cromwell upon some suspitions he had not without ground conceived recommended to the Regicides of England to
they must cross the River on a Wooden Bridge The Gate which they opened making a noise the Miller comes out and in a threatning tone asks them whither they were going so late at Night and bids them stand Pendrell terrified by that unexpected thunderclap leaving the Bridge hastily wades through the Water and is followed by his August Companion who in the thick darkness was not so much guided by his sight as by the ratling of his Leathern Breeches The Pursive Fat Miller soon gave over the pursuit and the rest of the way was free from danger At length they come to Madely where Pendrell knocking at the Door is presently let in The Guest is kindly received by Wolfe who being acquainted with the design lodges him in the Barn because in the day time his House was seldom free from Souldiers They send to be enformed of an opportunity of passing the River and have news brought back that not only the Bridges are guarded by Souldiers but also the Ferry-Boats most strictly observed and therefore it would be very difficult and unsafe to pass the River When it was night he was received into the House where the good Woman stained his Hands and Face somewhat more with a Decoction of Galls and having taken his leave he returns back the same way on Foot to Boscobel there to stay for a more commodious opportunity of travelling Being come back before Day he tarried in the Wood till Richard went to see if any Souldiers were in Boscobel House but he finds none there save Colonel Carlos whom we mentioned before to have with others kept the Cromwellians in Play at Sudbury-gate who being born thereabouts was just come to a Friends House to beg a little Bread Carlos being informed who lay hid in the Wood with the two Pendrells went streight out to him and after joyful Congratulations on all hands they conduct him into the House but the Sand that was got into his Shoes whilst he ran through the River had rub'd the Skin off and fetch'd Blood from his Feet which a poor Woman cured by washing them Then both being refreshed with Countrey-fare they forthwith return back into the Wood where climbing up to the top of a thick and leafy Oak they spend the Day there The King after long watching falling fast asleep upon the Arms and in the Bosom of Carlos At Night they come down and being very hungry return to the House where they were shew'd a Place called a Priests-hole almost unscrutable which pleased the King so well that whilst he stay'd there he would trust himself no more abroad Humphrey another of the five Brothers of the Pendrells who kept a Mill hard by had gone to Sheffual to pay his Assessment where in the House of Captain Broadway Collector of the Money he accidentally met with an Oliverian Colonel who very earnestly sought after the King and hearing that this Countrey-man lived near the Abbey of Whitladies he asked him if he knew any thing of the King or of the Abbey adding That if any would discover him he might gain a thousand pounds Sterling but that if he were found to have concealed or hid him he would undoubtedly suffer death for it Yet honest Humphrey preferring the safety of the King and his own honesty before any hopes of gain faithfully kept Counsel and made answer that he knew nothing When he returned home at Night he relates the whole matter to the King who the next Day being Sunday spent a great part of the Day in an Arbour adjoyning the House in reading the Scriptures In the mean time John Pendrell when he was shewing the Lord Wilmot his way to London found it every where so pestered with Souldiers that he thought it safest to hide him and his Horse in a Marle-pit until he could find out a more commodious lurking place and at length he happily committed him to the trust of Whitgrave and Hudlestone though both Roman Catholicks Hudlestone being Tutor in the House to Mr. Whitgrave's three Sons These having in the Night time sent the Horse to Colonel Lane's their intimate acquaintance who had formerly served the King Hospitably entertained Wilmot at Mosely The King having notice of this from John at his return he forthwith sends him back to find out Wilmot who had before changed his Lodging and removed to Bentley the House of Colonel Lane Being found there at length and acquainted with the Kings mind he promises next night to return and meet the King at Mosely five miles distant from Boscobel John being come back to Boscobel the King resolved to go thither and see Wilmot But the unlucky rubbing off the skin of his feet which we mentioned made him unable to walk it a foot Therefore mounting the Miller Humphrey's Beast upon an old coarse Saddle and bidding farewel to Carlos he goes to Mosely the four Pendrels and Francis Yates being his Guard Whither so soon as he was come he dismissed the countrey-men with many promises which have been since largely performed Then did Whitgrave and Hudlestone conduct him to Wilmot with whom having had a long conference about his Affairs and taken some refreshment of food he was led into a private Chamber to repose himself and sleep But next day Whitgrave had some notice that Soldiers were coming to seize him as one that had formerly served in the King's Army And so indeed they came yet he being innocent would not avoid them but the King slipping into a private place and the doors being all instantly opened he confidently speaks to them and by the testimony of Neighbours and other Arguments so clearly convinced them of the contrary of what they suspected that without so much as coming up the stairs of their own accord they left him without any further disturbance The same day Soldiers make a new search in the Abbey having been informed by an Ensign who was made Prisoner that the King certainly absconded there for that he had seen him with some other Company arrive there and that he had observed no such person depart from thence They therefore break into all the Rooms search every Chamber Closet and Corner break down the Wanescot and partition walls and seek in every little hole but in vain Then they examine the Master of the House with a charged Musket cockt at his Breast threatning him that if he did not forthwith bring forth the King he should die upon the spot But he absolutely denies that he knew the King yet confessed that many came to his house that night who having eat up all his Victuals went off again The Soldiers there upon turning to the Ensign soundly banged him for telling a lye The night following his Majesty having drawn a Bill of Exchange upon a Merchant in London for Money to be payed to his Landlord that if it should come to the knowledge of the Parricides that he had been harboured in
now at length sued for pardon But the hatred and animosities betwixt the Rump and the Soldiers the Seeds whereof had been long ago sown though during the common danger they appeared not began now to show themselves and after long and mutual grudges to break out into Flames and to devour one another So rare a thing it is for Thieves and Robbers to agree long together The Soldiers object that these men did for ever appropriate to themselves and their Friends all places of Honour and Command barring all others from any share with them and that under colour of the publick good they divided amongst themselves all profitable Offices without any regard to the Publick For what end had they taken Arms against the King exposed their lives to so many dangers ript up the bowels of their Country-men and friends Did they bring the King to the Block for in that execrable Villany they triumphed that they might only settle them in their Seats so as they might securely live at their ease for ever and right or wrong domineer over all without any distinction and Murder and Sacrifice to their own private Lust or Revenge as many Subjects as they pleased Away with it say they it were better to return to the old way of Government Raise King CHARLES from the Dead and submit to his Rule seeing it was known that he followed the Laws and accordingly squared the administration of his Government They therefore earnestly desire That at length an end might be put to the Parliament a new and fair Representative chosen by the good people and that the Laws might be reformed besides the many other things which had already so often cloyed them with Petitions The goodly Warriours made these specious demands not out of a pure zeal for the Publick good but that having baulked them by determining their Authority they themselves might have their turn in the Government hoping that by branding them with these reproachful Characters they would at length be fain to put the Power into their hands On the other hand the Rump-Members Magisterially grave by a long possession of Authority bid the Soldiers mind their own Affairs look to their Arms and obey Orders that they to whom the care of the Common-wealth was committed and the business of settling a new Government having long laboured in the Affair with no small Progress would at length by the help of God bring it to perfection They bid them have a care in the mean time that they make no Tumults seeing they who had pulled a King from his Throne wanted neither Resolution nor Force to reduce into order licentious Souldiers though milder courses were more pleasant to them But the Soldiers disdaining that they should be thought pragmatical and medlers in Affairs that did not belong unto them answer those State-Advisers That they were not Mercenary Soldiers nor had not taken up Arms only in Prospect of pay but for maintenance of the Publick Liberty neither would they lay them down till they found the common Fruit of their endeavours That they ought not to boast of putting the King to Death so they mutually gloried in that Horrid Villany since they onely stood by as in Disguise and Masquerade but that they by their Valour and at their own Peril accomplished the thing at the mention of which they would have started had they not been encouraged and set on by men of the Sword The Rump therefore being now more afraid of their Servants and idle Soldiers than formerly of the Royal Enemy endeavour by all ways to reduce them to Obedience or at least fairly to dismiss and disband them but still under another pretence alledging that the Commonwealth was not able to entertain so many idle and lazy Soldiers Wherefore under colour of lessening the Charges of the Publick they pass an Act for Disbanding part of the Army and the rest to have but half pay and to be divided and separated in several Countries that at once they might secure themselves against the attempts of the Cavaliers and take from their own Souldiers all opportunity of making Innovations The Soldiers smell out the design and it prickt them to the heart that they were now to be cast down from that height from whence they received plentiful incomes and almost shared in the Government They take it very ill to be cut short of their pay of their domineering after their accustomed manner in the Countries and of making their own advantages in suppressing the beginnings of Sedition Therefore the Officers refuse to be disbanded reciprocally pretending the Publick good They also frame a Petition such as they had formerly presented with proposals much to the same effect and desire a speedier answer nor would they lay down their Arms before the remnant of the old Parliament being abolish'd a Representative were lawfully chosen and that for the greater expedition some of the Officers of the Army as Commissioners should be admitted into the House or at least sit and debate about the Proposals with the Members of Parliament The Rump condescending to this twelve of each party meet and consult in common Where Oliver St Johns more skilful than the rest in the Common Law raising scruples and perplexing matters that were clear in themselves so confounded the Rude Soldiers that about one word they spent above two Months These Proposals were also debated in the Rump but since it would be tedious to mention all of them I shall briefly onely relate with what sharpness and quite opposite Opinions they clashed about the Representative Some were for shaping it after this manner some after another and some after none at all The Presbyterians who were but few in number are for having it conform to the Solemn League and Covenant a strict and previous Inquisition being made into the Manners and Religion of the men The Vtopians dreamt of I know not what Olygarchy made up of the Godlier Party winnowed and sifted to the highest Purity Others were for a kind of Circulation that every one successively and in course might have their turns in the Government Besides there was no less strife about the Time Some thought it very dangerous nay without doubt fatal to assign any day of dissolution and to introduce a new Representative Others would have no such change to be made but every third fourth or fifth year But those who were in Power think it safest that new Members should be chosen in place of those that died or were turned out And most Votes agreed in this which they forthwith enacted though the night before they had privately promised the contrary to the Officers to wit that they would model a new Representative So soon as Cromwell heard of that he hastens to the Parliament House ordering ten or twelve Soldiers to follow him and stay for him at the door He himself accompanied only with Fleetwood entring in To this
that they should certainly die for it This instance made him inveigh bitterly against the ancient way of Tryal reflecting also how Lilburn two years before by the same means escaped his fury and as luckily also one Stawell who was a Knight notwitstanding the Capitulation he had made upon the surrender of his Garrison being thrice brought to a Tryal of his Life a barbarous thing and contrary to Law to be again tried for one and the same crime was thrice acquitted by the Jury This though the strongest Bulwark against Tyranny he affirms ought to be taken away as a hindrance to Justice complaining That Sacred Justice was rashly put into the Hands of the Profane Common People that the weightiest matters of Law did not depend upon the Sentences of the Learned in the Law but upon the Pleasure and Prejudices of a Company of Men destitute of all Ingenious Learning nay and almost of Common Sense That it was more consonant to Justice that fifty Men chosen out of the flower of the whole Nation should determine of Lives and Fortunes Under these Colours and Pretexts he subverted the wholsom Constitutions of our Fore-fathers and invented a new way of Butchery of his own But I desire that both our Countrey-men and Foreigners would take notice that this Custom of Tryal by a Jury of Twelve Men founded on Reason and Equity granted us by the singular favour both of the Saxon and Norman Kings and practised amongst us time out of mind though it was in this Age for a short time intermitted yet it was approved by the Publick desires of all The truest Judges of the Commons are the Commons as of the Nobles their Peers since Men of the same Rank and Quality are aptest to love and not to envy one another Besides if the Sheriff empannel any who bear you a grudge you may challenge and reject them How are they to be accused of ignorance since the matter of Fact is known by Evidence who alledge and by their Oath prove it in open Court and the point of Law they are to be directed by the Judges who are versed therein The Fact is better examined by a plain and uncorrupted Conscience than cunning that serves the ends of another The Judges and Bench have onely their Duty to mind Consult for the common Interest and with the publick good procure the favour of their Princes On the other hand those whom the offended Conquerour appoints as Arbiters of your Life and Fortune obeying the pleasure of one Master and obsequiously oppress you Accused Subjects whom before they looked upon as Servants they now sternly frown upon as Publick Enemies and without more ado find them guilty of Treason and condemn them to suffer accordingly It is a Compendious and rare way of Justice indeed to have the same Men to be the Accusers Witnesses Informers Judges nay and plainly the Executioners and very often also the Authors of the Crimes About this time great Troubles hapned in Piedmont in Savoy for the Duke of that Country by Military force drove many of the Reformed Religion out of their own Habitations not without Blood and Slaughter Cromwell takes upon him their Protection writing for that end to the Suitzers and French King and having sent a Messenger to visit them who might intercede for them and relieve their Wants with Money For the Money that was charitably raised for their use all over England he partly indeed distributed amongst them but reserved the greatest part for other Times and Occasions At that time England was in a Fermentation secretly designing a War whereof the Mediterranean felt the first Effort which afterward fell upon Spain though not with the same force and violence Blake was made Admiral of the first Fleet being ordered to sail into the Mediterranean there to give a Proof of our Strength by Sea to block up Algiers Tripoly and Tunis and having redeemed the English Captives to make Peace with these Towns or rather Nests of Pyrats which if they refused to reduce them by force to better terms The Divan of Algiers upon payment of the just Ransoms and having mutually interchanged honourable Presents with the English without any difficulty restore the Captives and publish an Edict whereby free Commerce for the future is allowed to the English Nation But he chastises the Insolence of those of Tunis who had answered proudly having sent in some Ships and burnt eight of theirs in Porto-Ferina which having broken and humbled the Infidels at length they agree to a Peace But the other Expedition required greater preparatives as being carried on by the remains of the Dissenting and Disbanded Souldiers to wit of Essex Waller and Massey's Armies c. some Royalists and Republicans also but sparingly joyned with them For these being for the most part indigent and dangerous at home watched all opportunities of innovation and therefore business is found out for them abroad that they might not be troublesome to others but ease England a little by the departure of so many Men. The Protector made his brags openly that by a War with Spain the Nation would attain to much Glory Wealth and large Dominions in the West-Indies And not only cut off the Sinews of War whereby the Spaniards infested Europe but also hinder the Influx of the Spirits and Life of it by intercepting their Riches Nor did he doubt of an easie and cheap Victory For the Spaniards were but few and those dispersed over the vast Territories of America and that it was credible that the Natives weary of their hard and tedious Bondage would upon the first glimpse of liberty rise up against the Tyranny of the Spaniards That though the Towns were well fortified yet they were unprepared for making a resistance the Souldiers being unaccustomed to War nay though Garrisoned by such as had been inured to fighting yet all relief by Sea being stopt and the Land not affording Provisions either for the English or the Inhabitants they must in a short time be starved out The neighbouring Plantations of our Countrey-men besides accustomed to the Climat and Diet could yearly furnish supplies so that there could neither be any want of Souldiers for subduing the Provinces nor of People to be Transported into better Plantations Nâ—y and which went a great way there was not wanting a certain Divine that gave vent to the Ambition which flamed sufficiently of it self and who well understood the Enthusiastick humour of Cromwell This Man bid him Go and prosper calls him A Stone cut out of the Mountains without Hands that should break the Pride of the Spaniard crush Antichrist and make way for the Purity of the Gospel over the whole World Swollen therefore with this hope he sends for Officers and Commanders from all Places sollicits wheadles them with good words and with fair Promises of their past Arrears and I know not what Mountains of Gold perswades
the mean time moving from York came to Newcastle and Monk leaving Berwick marched along the borders of Scotland and pitched at Caldstream an inconsiderable Village upon the River of Tweed but now famous by the Pavillion of so great a General It was for some time the Capital of the Affairs of Britain and had the splendour of a City For Veios habitante Camillo Illic Roma fuit Veii was Rome if there Camillus lived The season was very sharp the ground being covered with Snow and Lambert's Souldiers wanting provisions and money were forced to live upon what they plundered from the Villages and Country about the want of Pay being some excuse for that licentiousness Monk's Forces in the mean time being provided of all necessaries kept themselves secure within their Camp Monk's Army more considerable for valour than number consisted onely of four Regiments of Horse commanded by Johnston Morgan Knight and Cloberry brave men and Commanders consummated in War and of six Regiments of Foot under the command of Major-General Morgan another Morgan Fairfax Rhede Lidcott and Hublethorn Price and Gomble were the Chaplains Clark Secretary and Barrow Physician to the General Whilst matters were in this state in the Camps at a distance London was divided by Factions On the one hand the Republican Sectarians whose hopes were founded on mischief stood for the Rump-Parliament on the other the Souldiers in the City were for Fleetwood and the Committee of Safety but juster Grievances were to be heard amongst the frequent sighs of the good Citizens That the Rump-Parliament made up of most profligate wretches was in vain turned out if the Government must remain in the hands of the Commitee of Safety a new name for old Rogues and the Cromwels had fallen in vain if Fleetwood and Lambert must be raised to Supreme Authority Though the soft temper of the one was less feared than the imperious ambition of the other And some there were that at a distance wished well to Monk and looked upon him as a fitter Restorer of their Liberty who taking boldness from despair spared not to say That the Commonwealth was almost undone whilst sacrilegious Robbers contend about the Government that England was never in so great distress nor reduced to such extremity that having suffered the greatest evils nothing worse could befal them And so with bitter Invectives they reckon up the Imprisonments Sequestrations continual Taxes and the other severities they had been obnoxious to That they had long enough born the burden of the accursed Parliament and groaned under the Yoke of an enraged Enemy That the Power of both was abominable and their Bondage grievous That wicked Parricides laughed at their Miseries whilst they falsly call Slavery Peace Cruelty and Slaughter Discipline That since whether they be overcome or do submit they must perish how much more honourably would they perish in the embraces of their Liberty and Country That slavery is less ignominious to those who attempt their freedom and that they had already sinned enough through cowardise That they should shake off the Yoke of the Jangling Traytors and put an end to so many years bondage That the rash attempts of the daring have often been favoured by fortune That secret hopes in Monk wealth in the City the fortune of London and God their Protector were still in being That it would be glorious to themselves and Posterity to have expiated the civil Troubles wantonly begun by their Ancestors and the Royal Bloud of Charles the Martyr by restoring his Son with no other helps than the Loyalty of his own Subjects Amidst these discontented Speeches and City-tumults a vast croud of Prentices and Serving-men got together a bold sort of men accustomed to an insolent kind of City-liberty who tired out by long slavery with a licentious freedom run about in all places in a tumultuary and confused manner demanding a new and full Parliament as the onely Remedy to their Evils But Colonel Hewson formerly a Cobler being by Fleetwood sent into the City with a Party of brisk Souldiers in a moment suppressed the defenceless anger of the Rabble and the headless Multitude and used many severities against the Citizens The Grievances of the City increasing daily Wetham Governour of Portsmouth admitted into the place three Members of the late excluded Rump and Colonels in the Army to wit Hazelrigg Walton and Morley against whom Fleetwood having sent Forces they despairing of the strength of their Friends and having neither money nor credit revolted to the Enemy Nor was this all the misfortune that befel Fleetwood and the Committee of Safety for Vice-Admiral Lawson with a Fleet of Ships true to the Cause stopt the mouth of the River of Thames threatning to suffer none to escape by Sea if they did not again restore the Rump to the power of Government All things everywhere growing worse and worse the Committee of Safety was startled and Fleetwood unfit for adversity who never could bear prosperity and growing daily more contemptible and cheap neither constant in his Resolution nor resolute in his Treachery having sent a fawning Messenger to Lenthal the Speaker he prays and beseeches more slavishly than became a General that the Members being forthwith called together they would take upon them the Government and receive them into favour who confessed their errour And indeed many of the Committee of Safety though they were very desirous of retaining their Power yet consulted about the restoring of the Rump knowing very well that their Government would not be long if Lambert returned victorious from the North. And now General Fleetwood's Regiments selling their souls and bloud for Eight pence a day under Colonels of the Democratical Faction return under the power of the Rump forgetting their yesterdays-Commander who carried the empty Title of General Nor was there any publick Commodity so saleable as the Treachery of the Souldiers This was the Exit of the two months-whirlegig of Government the very names of Fleetwood and Lambert grew contemptible and Safety forsook the Committee So soon as Monk understood that the Fleet were for the Rump and that the Garrison of Portsmouth was of the same mind having speedily recalled his Commissioners he broke off the Conference and Overture of Peace with Lambert In the mean time he wrote to him That since he understood that the Parliament by their own authority had chosen Portsmouth for their Session he thought it not consonant to his trust and modesty by private Debates to constitute a private Commonwealth but rather setting aside the Quarrels of the two Armies to refer the administration of publick Affairs to their prudence and care The Reverend Rump now strikes in again in the last year of their government and probably the best for the Publick though reinstated more by the beggary than the good will of the Souldiers And this was the reason that their chief care was
famous Colonel Knight received the Salutations and Respects of the Forces in their Arms and having praised them for their dutifulness and affection proceeded forwards the people strewing Flowers and Leaves of Trees in the way and in all places offering him the choicest marks of their Honour When he was come near the City the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London welcomed him upon their knees The Mayor delivered his Majesty the Sword the Badge of his Dignity which the King graciously gave him back again and being conducted into a large and richly-adorned Pavillion was entertained at a splendid Collation From thence with a magnificent train of Persons of all quality over London-bridge he entered the City amidst such a glorious appearance of brave and great men that scarcely in any Age the triumphal Bridge of Rome ever bore a greater Pomp or victorious Tyber saw or Euphrates of old or the yet more ancient Tygris Along the Streets from London-bridge to White-hall on the one side in a continued order the Trained-bands of the City were drawn up and on the other the Companies in their Livery-gowns the houses on each side being hung with Tapistry The tops of the houses and windows were filled with vast multitudes of Spectators the People from all places flocking to this glorious and joyful Show There were no less than twenty thousand richly attired on horseback The first that led the Cavalcade were some Troops of young Gentlemen in a various most rich dress and shining Arms with Trumpets sounding before them The Sheriffs of London's men with their Spears followed after next after whom marched six hundred of the chief Citizens in Velvet-coats and Gold-chains Then followed the Kings Horse-guards led by the Lord Gerrard their Captain With the chearful musick of Drums Trumpets and Waits next advanced the Sheriffs and Aldermen of London in their Scarlet-gowns and their Horses richly deckt with Trapings their Footmen attending them shining with Gold and Silver Then followed the Kings of Arms and Heralds in their rich Coats and next to them the Lord Mayor carrying in his right hand the naked Sword and after him the Illustrious Duke of Buckingham and the renowned General Monk And now appeared Charles the Wishes of all good men and the Joys of the happy conspicuous in a triumphant Majesty On the right hand rode the Duke of York on the left the Duke of Gloucester he himself on a stately horse in the middle carrying all Triumphs and Diadems in his looks which seemed then more than humane After his Majesty came his chief Courtiers and Servants General Monk's Life-guard commanded by Sir Philip Howard and then five Regiments of Horse of Monk's Army led by Colonel Knight This Triumphal Procession was brought up by a vast body of Noblemen and Gentlemen with red Colours fringed with Gold in rich Attire shining Arms their Swords drawn and Plumes of Feather in their Hats In this order the King marched slowly through the City amidst the shouts acclamations and joyful looks of his Subjects which he triumphantly heard and beheld And now entring his Royal Palace he mounted the Throne of his Forefathers on the twenty ninth of May heretofore the day of his Birth and now of his Restauration after he had been since Worcester-fight ten years banished his Country The Members of both Houses of Parliament came to wait on his Majesty in the Banquetting-house there to express their joyful Congratulations for his Return and unfeigned Loyalty to the Government which was eloquently done by the Earl of Manchester for the House of Lords and Sir Harbotle Grimstone for the Commons The King tired out with the Fatigues of his triumphant Journey made them this short Answer I Am so disordered by my Journey and with the noise still sounding in my ears which I confess was pleasing to me because it expressed the Affections of my People as I am unfit at the present to make such a Reply as I desire yet thus much I shall say unto you That I take no greater satisfaction to my self in this my Change than that I find my heart really set to endeavour by all means for the restoring of this Nation to their Freedom and Happiness and I hope by the advice of my Parliament to assert it Of this also you may be confident That next to the honour of God from whom principally I shall ever own this Restauration to my Crown I shall study the welfare of my People and shall not onely be a true Defender of the Faith but a just Assertor of the Laws and Liberties of my Subjects The night following was consecrated to Joy The Conduits running Wine and the whole City lighted by Bonfires The loyal Citizens willing to lull asleep the memory of twenty years Calamities merrily spent the night in the noise of Trumpets Drums and Volleys of shot The providence of God Almighty never appeared more visible in humane affairs for now the Golden Age returns a Happiness too good for our times the blessed day shone forth wherein King Charles being restored to his Country restored his Country to it self and united Liberty and Monarchy two things thought incompatible under the traiterous Usurpers The honour of the Laws which makes all things firm and durable returned The splendour of the Church of England and the ancient Rites of Worship also returned Piety coming in place of Sectarian Superstition The King having tasted a little of the delights of his Return seriously set about the setling of the State entangl'd with so many Civil Dissentions and rent by Divisions and in the first place appointed a Privy-Council and disposed of the chief places of his Kingdom and Court The King makes the most Illustrious James Duke of York Lord High Admiral a Prince renowned at home and abroad and crowned with many Victories Edward Hide Earl of Clarendon was made Lord Chancellor in Eloquence not inferiour to the most famed Orators nor in Prudence to the greatest Statesmen The uncorrupted Earl of Southampton with Honour and Integrity discharged the Office of Lord High Treasurer The Illustrious charge of Steward of the Kings Houshold was conferred upon the Duke of Ormond a Peer of a steddy Judgment of the Honesty of elder times and renowned both in Peace and War The Earl of Manchester whose Loyalty had been proved was created Lord Chamberlain of the House Nicholas and Morrice two aged Knights and consummated in business were the Principal Secretaries of State Monk the Restorer formerly by the Kings Commission made General of all the British Forces is now advanced to be Master of the Horse and honoured with the Illustrious Title of Duke of Albemarle For his noble Extraction gave him a claim to the Honour of the Albemarlian Family and the bounty of the King in rewarding his good Services an Estate to support it Nor was the most Religious King less careful of the
The two Houses come to congratulate the King The night-joys of the Citizens A happy revolution of affairs from the Kings Restauration The King appoints a Privy Council and Ministers of State The Duke of York made Admiral The Earl of Clarendon Chancellor The Earl of Southampton Treasurer The D. of Ormond Steward of the K.'s Houshold The E. of Manchester Chamberlain Nicholas and Morrice Secretaries of State Monk Master of the Horse and Duke of Albemarle Bishops restored in the Church Will. Juxon Archbishop of Canterbury An Act of Oblivion is past The Army receives their Pay and is disbanded The Duke of Gloucester dies Sept. 13. The King takes into consideration the Government of England and Ireland Congratulatory Embassies from neighbouring Princes to the King The Kings Murderers brought to tryal Octob. 10. What they were accused of They make an idle base defence And are condemned Harrison hang'd and quarter'd Octob. 3. Carew is hang'd Octob. 15. The death of Cook and Peters Octob. 16. Clements Scot Jones and Scroop executed Octob. 17. Hacker and Axtell hang'd at Tyburn Octob. 19. The punishment of the fugitive Regicides The bones of the deceased raised and buried under Tyburn Jan. 30. 1660 61. Ireton 's Character Of Pride And Bradshaw The Original of Cromwel And his Manners Catalin luxuria primum hinc conflata egestas in nefaria concilia opprimendae Patriae compulêre Flor. l. 4. Tacit. Annab l. 1. p. 4. In vitâ Agricolae Milton Mary Princess of Orange came into England Sept. 23. She died at London Dec. 24. 1661. The Solemnities of the K.'s Coronation Triumphal Arches The First The Second The Third The Fourth The King crowned at Westminster April 23. A new Parl. May 8. The traiterous Solemn League and Covenant is condemned burnt The punishment of Mouson Mildmay and Wallop Jan. 27. 1661 62. The Traytors that came in 1662. Hard. Waller â—eveningham Marten Jam. Temple Wayte Tichburn Lilburn Downs Penningt Smith Garland Geo. Fleetwood Roe Millingt Meyn Peter Temple Harvey Potter Barkstead Okey and Corbet taken Were hanged at Tyburn April 19. Corbet 's Character Okey ' s. And Barkstead ' s. The vanity of the Regicides even to the last And the cause of it The K. Thinkâ— of Marriage He marries Catharine at Portsmouth May 22. Sir Hen. Vane brought to tryal June 2. His Character 1663. Beheaded Jan. 14. 1662 63. Lambert is condemned But obtains Mercy from the King The Duke of Ormond goes Lord Deputy into Ireland July 9. The Ceremonies and Rites of the Church confirmed by Parl. May 29. The licentiousness of Fanaticks The attempt of Vennet the Cooper Flor. Infamous Libels are found Twine the Printer hang'd Feb. 24. 1663 64. Conventicles forbidden by Act of Parl. 1664. Complaints of the injuries of the Dutch What were the injuries of the Dutch They injure And provoke Holmes They falsly accuse him The Parl. is moved at the injuries of the Dutch and address to the King The King demands Reparation by his Embassadour But in vain De Ruyter 's action at Guiny The contumelious sauciness of the Dutch De Wit the Dutch Dictator His Character and Arts. The confidence of the Dutch and why Alan's action The K. visits the Colledge of Physicians of London April 15. 1665. 1665. The Royal Fleet ready to put to Sea about the end of April The chief Commanders And Flag-Officers Volunteers The number of Ships and men in the Royal Fleet. They set saiâ— April 22. The Royal Fleet blocks up the Coast And the Enemy delaying to come out returns back to the English Coast The Dutch Fleet comes out The number Commanders of it They take the English Hamborough Fleet. A Sea-fight June 3. Opdam's ship blown up The Dutch put to flight Dutch Ships burnt The Commanders of the Dutch Fleet killed Volunteers killed in the English Fâ—eet Lawson dies De Ruyter is abroad at Piracy Attempts Barbadoes April 20. Spoils New-found-land Is made Admiral The Earl of Sandwich braves the Dutch The Royal Fleet attacks the Dutch East India Fleet in Bergen A Plague breaks out in London And then rages over England The K. went to Oxford The K. returned to London Feb. 1. 1665 66. War proclaimed in London against the French Feb. 10. 1666. Prince Rupert and the D. of Albemarle Commanders of the Fleet. The Prince is sent against the French Fleet. May 29. In the mean time the Dutch Fleet offers Albemarle an Engagement And they fight June 1. The Fight is renewed June 2. The Royal Fleet thinks of retreating June 3. Prince Rupert opportunely rejoyns the Fleet. The Fight is again renewed June 4. The Dutch Fleet flies The Royal Fleet puts into Harbour June 6. The Dutch dare the Royal Fleet. The Royal Fleet sets out to engage them July 17. And engages the Dutch July 25. The Dutch flie The Royal Fleet blocks up Holland Holmes sails to the Uly And there burn 150 ships The Dutch Fleet sails for France Aug. 16. The Fire of London Sept. 2. The fire is put out Sept. 4. The Fictions of Fanaticks concerning the Fire Liv. l. 5. The Fleets put into Harbour 1667. The K. keeps his Fleet at home And secures the Coasts and Harbours Neighbouring Kings mediate a Peace The Dutch by surprize fall upon the Kings Fleet. June 10. Embassadours meet on both sides And conclude a Peace July 9. The building of London is taken into consideration The Royal Exchange founded Octob. 23. The death of Abraham Couley 1668. All hands are set to work in the rebuilding of London Liv. l. 26. The Monument of the dreadful Fire The Theatre of Oxford founded in the year 1664. is finished 1669. The Lord Roberts Deputy of Ireland Sept. 20. The D. of Ormond made Chancellour of the Vniversity of Oxford The Queen Mother dies in France The death of the Duke of Albemarle Jan. 2. 1669 70. His Birth and Extraction He followed the Wars in his youth Vnder Charles the First he served in the Scottish War In Ireland also 1669 70. He joyns the K. at Oxford Is taken by the Parliament and made prisoner in the Tower of London He takes on with the Parliament And goes to Ireland He marches with Cromwel into Scotland He fights against the Dutch under the Rump-Parliament Is by Cromwel made Governour of Scotland The Solemnity of his Funerals His Courage His Prudence And Modesty Tacit. Hist l. 3. Tacit. Annal. lib. 4. Plin. Panegyr A Catalogue of some Books printed for and to be sold by Abel Swalle DR Comber's Companion to the Temple or Help to Devotion in 4 parts fol. Dr. Allestry's Forty Sermons whereof Twenty one now first published The Works of Mr. Abraham Cowley The Eighth Edition The second part of the Works of Mr. Abraham Cowley being what was written in his younger years The Fifth Edition The Case of Resistance of the Supreme Powers Stated and Resolved by Dr. Sherlock in 8 o Dr. Sherlock's Vindication of the Rights of Ecclesiastical Authority being an Answer to the first part of the Protestant Reconciler 8 o Pet. Dan. Huetii de Interpret Lib. 2 o quarum prior est de Optimo Genere Interpret Alter de Claris Interpret c. in 8 o L. Coelii Lactantii Firmiani Opera quae extant ad fidem MSS. recognita Commenturiis Illustrata à Tho. Spark Oxon è Theat Sheld The Case of Compelling Men to the Sacrament of the Lords Supper considered By the Author of the Charge of Scandal A Sermon preached before the King at White-hall Nov. 23. by Gilb. Ironfide D.D. A Discourse concerning the Object of Religious Worship or a Scripture-proof of the unlawfulness of giving any Religious Worship to any other Being beside the one Supreme God Part 1. A Discourse about the Charge of Novelty upon the Reformed Church of England made by the Papists asking of us this Question Where was our Religion before Luther A Discourse about Tradition shewing what is meant by it and what Tradition is to be Received and what Tradition is to be Rejected The Protestant Resolution of Faith being an Answer to three Questions c. A Discourse concerning a Guide in Matters of Faith A Discourse concerning the Unity of the Catholick Church maintained in the Church of England A Discourse concerning Invocation of Saints A Discourse concerning Auricular Confession as it is prescribed by the Council of Trent and practis'd in the Church of Rome There is now in the Press and will speedily be published Philosophia Vetus Nova ad usum Scholoe accommodata in Regia Burgundia olim pertractata 2 Vol. Duodecim According to the Edition printed at Paris 1684. in 2 vol. 4 o