is noâ—thyng but that with gold it maye be ouer comed and woonne Whiche veraye selfe same thyng the poetes haue signified by the fable of * Ahas the xii kyng of the Argiues had a sonne called Acrisius whiche Acrisius succeded his father in the kyngdome of the said Argiues and had onely one doughter called Danae a goodly and a passyng beautifull ladie And so it was that Acrisius had knowelage geuen to hym by an oracle or voice comynge from heauen that he should be slain of his doughters soonne Wherfore he enclosed and shutte vp the saied Danaâ— his doughter in a veraye stronge toure and there kept hir to thentente that she myght neuer haue soonne At length Iupiter in fourme of a shoure raynyng droppes of golde gotte Danae with childe So by Iupiter she had a soonne called Perseusâ— Whiche thyng beeyng come to light and beeyng knowen hir father sette bothe hir and hir infant childe enâ—losed in a troughe or trounke of wood in the wilde sea So was she carryed by auentures on the sea vntyll she arriued in Italie and there Pilumnus the kyng and grauÌ„dfather of Turnus tooke hir to wife And afterward Perseus beeyng ones come to mannes stature killed Medusa and deliuered Andromeda And at last returnyng to Argos he slewe yâ— kyng Acrisius his graundfather accordyng to the prophecie and reigned in his stede Danae by Iupiter defloured but not vntill thesame god Iupiter had first transfourmed hymselfe in to golde whereof the poete Horatius speaketh in this maner Aurum per medios ire satellites et perrumpere pere a mat castra potentius ferro Golde hath a fansie and great delite Through harnessed meÌ„ passage to ieperde And to make waye through tentes of might More forceably then deynte of sweordeâ— WheÌ„ those persones that wer at Lasthenes found theimselfes greued and tooke highly or fumyshly that certain of the traine of Philippus called theim traitours Philippus auÌ„swered that the Macedonians wer feloes of no fyne witte in their termes The Macedonians wer plain feloes â—â— callynge eche thynge by it right name but alltogether grosse clubbyshe and rusticall as the whiche had not the witte to calle a spade by any other name then a spade Alludyng to that the commenused prouerbe of the grekes callyng figgues figgues and a bote a bote 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 As for his menyng was that thei wer traitours in veraye deede And the fair flatte truthe that the vplandyshe or homely and plain clubbes of the countree dooen vse nameth eche thyng by the right names It was his guyse to aduertise his sonne Alexander after a courteous familiare geÌ„tle sorte to vse hymselfe and to liue with the Macedonians A good lesson to all young princes and through beneuolence and hertie loue in the meane tyme purchaced abrode emonge the coÌ„menaltie to gather vnto hym mighte puissaunce while duryng the tyme of an other mannes reigne it laie in hym without any his harme or hindreaunce to shewe humanitee gentlenesse Like a prudent and an expert manne right well perceiuyng and vnderstandyng like as an empier by no yearthly thyng better or more fermely to bee establyshed A kyng maye not to all persones wtout excepcion shewe fauour then by the hertie loue and good wille of the subiectes towardes their prince euen so to bee a thyng of moste high difficultee and hardnesse for any persone that hath ones taken vpoÌ„ hym the office of a kyng hath now alreadie in hande the gouernaunce and ordreyng of a royalme or empier towardes all parties without excepcion to shewe gentlenesse and fauour not onely because the office power of a kyng lyeth in the open waye to bee enuied but also for that a commenweale maye not possibly bee preserued and kept in perfecte good state onlesse haynous transgressions bee restreigned and suppressed by due punyshemente and correccion Haynous transgressioÌ„s must of necessitee bee suppressed by due correccioÌ„ and punishement For kynges must so ferre extende humanitee and fauour towardes their subiectes as thei maye in the meane tyme accordyngly vpholde and maintein their autoritee and estate royal Kynges must so ferre exteÌ„de fauour that thei maye in the meane tyme not empeche their autoritee and estate royall For goodnesse and fauour without ende or measure shewed is many a tyme and ofte the mother of contempte Thesame Alexander he auised counsailled that he should wynne and make frendes vnto hym all suche persones bothe honeste and vnhoneste good and badde Kynges must vse honest persones and abuse the vnhoneste as beare any rewle stroke or autoritee in the commenweale and that the good menne he should vse the eiuill persones he should abuse that is to saye applye to some good vse that of theim selfes thei are not apte nor inclined vnto The chief and higheâ—t feacte of kynges is to reiecte no person The chief â—eaâ—te of kynges is to reiecte no persone but to make all persones profitable to the commen weale but rather to applye the labour and seruice of all menne to the publique vtâ—litee and profite As almightie god beeyng the onely Monarche and prince of the whole vniuersall worlde abuseth the eiuill sprites and the weeked menne to the vtilitee and profite of the churche so princes of high wisedome and policie haue the feacte to make instrumentes aswell of the honeste persones as of the vnhoneste not that theimselfes been werkers of any eiuill thyng by the helpe of the eiuill persones Wise â—rinces haue the feacte to make profitable instrumentes aswel of yâ—â—iuill persones as of the good but that by the eiuill thei dooe punyshe the eiuill Nerethelesse many princes there bee whiche contrarie to the right course dooen abuse the good menne and vse the eiuill In executyng matiers of cruell tyrannie thei associate and ioyne vnto theim suche persones as for the opinion of holynesse are famous and of greate name to th entent that the people should esteme all thyng that thei dooe to bee good and godly Thesame Philippus when he laye for hostage and pledge in the citee of Thebes â— soiourned was lodged in the hous of one Philo a Thebane and besydes his high entretainmente in that behalfe he receiued at the haÌ„des of thesame Philo many high beneficiall pleasures And when the said Philo would in no wyse take any rewarde or gifte of Philippus again Neuer maÌ„ne did any thyng for Philippus but that Philippus did asmuch for him again Naye ê™ Philippus robbe me not now by leauyng me behynd hande in bountifulnesse of that laude praise whiche hitherto I haue euer had that yet vnto this preseÌ„te daye no maÌ„ne hath passed me or gon beyoÌ„d me in doyng mutual plesures benefites Oh an hert stomakeworthie a croune emperiall He demed it a more high and ioly thyng to haue the ouerhande in dooyng deedes of bouÌ„tie then in the prerogatif of power WheÌ„ a greate mayny hauyng been taken priesoners in warre wer in sellyng
of the night without so muche as one wynke of slepe The high cures of a good prince On a certain daye it fortuned hym to come into the hous where Cato surnamed the Vticensian had enhabited in his life tyme. Cato killed hymselfe at Utica that he might not come aliâ—e into the handes of Iulius Caesar And so when one Strabo for to flater Caesar spake many sore woordes against the obstinacie of the said Cato * Cato the Uticensian or Cato of Utica was Cato the elders soonnes soonnes soonne This Cato the younger in the ciuile battaill betwene Iulius Caesar and Pompeius the greate tooke parte with Pompeius And when Caesar begoonne to weaxe stroÌ„ger and to preuaill Cato fledde vnto Utica a toune in Aphrica .xxx. myles from the cytee of Carthago and held thesame with a stronge garrison of menne of warre And wheÌ„ he sawe that Caesar had conquered he muste needes bee taken he killed hymself because he would not come aliue into the handes of Iulius Caesar. And because he did this at Utica he was surnamed Uticensiâ— Cato of Utica for a distinccion froÌ„ the other Cato his greate graundefather Reade of this more in the .xiii. apophthegme of Iulius Caesar. in that he thought better to kille hymselfe with his owne handes theÌ„ to agnise and knowlage Iulius Caesar for his conquerour He that is coÌ„tented with the presente state of his time is a good subiecte an honeste manne whatsoeuer persone ê™ Augustus is vnwillyng to haue the present state of a commeÌ„weale which is in his dayes chauÌ„ged or altreed thesame is both a good citezen and membre of a commenweale also a perfecte good honeste manne With one sole saiyng he bothe defended the memorie of Cato and also spake right well for the safegarde coÌ„tynuaunce of hymselfe puttyng all persones in feare from that daye foorthwarde to sette their myndes on newe chaunges For the presente state was by the woordes of Caesar called not onely thesame that was at that daye when Augustus spake these woordes but thesame also that had tofore been in the tyme of the conspiresie against Iulius Caesar For this latine diccion praesens emong the right latine speakers hath respecte vnto three tymes that is to weete the tyme past the tyme that now is and the tyme to come As for exaumple wee saie in latine of a manne that was not contented with suche thynges as wer in his dayes or in his tyme praesentibus non erat contentus This latine diccion praesens may bee referred vnto the tyme past the tyme that nowe is and the tyme to come we saie also in latine praesens uita this presente life that is now in ledyng and thirdly of a thyng at a more conueniente apte or propice tyme to bee dooen wee saie in latine praesens in tempus omittatur bee it omitted or leat alone vnto a tyme to serue for it that is to saie vntill a propice tyme of oportunitee and occasion herafter to come Like as Augustus had a greate delite phansie to fynde make pastyme at others with woordes of ieste consistyng within the boundes of honestee As Augustus had a greate delite to ieste at others so would he verayâ— paciently take mâ—rie iesting again so would he wouÌ„drefull pacieÌ„tely take merie bourdyng yea some tymes beeyng with the largest ouer plainly either begonne orels reuersed backe again vpon hym A certain young geÌ„tlemanne was come out of one or other of the prouincies vnto Roome in the likenesse of visage so mervaillously resembleyng the Emperour that he made all the people full and whole to gase on hym Augustus beeyng herof aduertised coÌ„maunded the said young gentleman to bee brought to his preseÌ„ce and hauyng well vieued the strauÌ„ger he examined or opposed thesame in this maner Tell me young manne hath your mother neuer been here at Roome No forsouth Sir ê™ the other And perceiuyng Augustus to ieste reuersed scoffe for scoffe saiyng more ouer in this wyse Howe Augustus was auÌ„swered by a young gentlemaÌ„ne whom he would haue brought in suspicion to bee his sooÌ„ne But my father hath many a tyme ofte Augustus beeyng pleasauntely disposed woulde fain haue laied vnto the young mannes mother suspicion as though he had had his pleasure on hir but the young manne with a tryce reuersed that suspicion to the mother of Caesar orels to his susâ—ur for the resembleauÌ„ce of the fauour or visage did no more argue or proue the partie to bee the soonne of Caesar then to bee his brother orels his neffewe that is to saie his sisturs soonne For excepte I â—ee muche deceiued Erasmus wrote it sororis filium and not nepotem For nepos is proprely the soonnes soonne or the doughters soonne noâ— the brothers soonne ne the sisturs soonne as Augustus hymself was vnto Iulius Caesar not nepos but sororis filius â— his sisturs soonne as afore is saied In the tyme whyle the ☞ The Triumuirate here mencioned was when three persones beeyng together confederated as sworn brethren tooke into their handes by vsurpacion the whole vniuersall empier of Roome to bee egually deuided emonge theim thei to haue the administracion rewle gouernaunce and ordreyng of all thynges the one to maintein the other in all causes Whiche begoonne in the tyme of Iulius Caesar beeyng so coupled with Pompeius the greate and Marcus Craâ—â—us the riche Triumuirate dured ✚ And ended in the tyme of Augustus when thesame fell to like societee and composicion with Marcus Lepidus Marcus Aâ—tonius Of whiche is somewhat touched before the first apophthegme of this Augustus There wer also in Roome diuerse other triumuirates of whom it wer superfluous in this presente place to make any mencion Octauius Lepidus Antonius all three together holdyng the empier of Roome in their handes as lordes of the worlde Augustus had written a greate * There was in Campania a toune called Fescenium the first inhabitauntes wherof issued from the Atheniens as Seruiâ—s reporteth In this toune was first inuented the ioylitee of mynstrelsie and syngyng merie songes and rymes for makyng laughter and sporte at marryages euen like as is nowe vsed to syng songes of the Frere and the Nunne with other sembleable merie iestes at weddynges and other feastynges And these soÌ„ges or rymes because their original begynnyng issued out of Feâ—senium wer called in Latin Fescennina carmina or Fescennini rythmi or Versus Which I dooe here traÌ„slate accordyng to our Englyshe prouerbe a ragmans rewe or a bible For so dooe we call a longe ieste that railleth on any persone by name or toucheth a bodyes honestee somewhat nere ragmans rewe or bille to bee soung on ‡ Because the name of Pollio is coÌ„meÌ„ to many I haue thought good to admonyshe that this Pollio was called Uedius Pollio alias Atedius Pollio a familiare frende of Augustus Of which Pollio shal be spoken more at large in the note of the
we also dooe a feloe that had neither learnyng nor good vttreaunce of toungue A certain manne was in hande with Aristippus to take his sonne to schoole to hym but when the philosophier required in rewarde for his peines of teachynge fiue hundred drachmes whiche was aboue the summe of eight poundes sterlyng The other partie beeynge clene discouraged with the greatnesse of the pryce saied for lesse money or better cheape then so myght I bye a bondeman that should dooe me tall and hable seruice But here now ê™ Aristippus thou shalt haue twain The peines of teachyng is woorthie great wages His menyng was that with thesame summe of money whiche was to bee paied for one bondeman he should purchace bothe a philosophier that should stand hym in good steede and also a soÌ„ne obediente to his father Moste parte of meÌ„ne geue moore wages to their horse kepers then to the good bryngers vp of their children in learnyng and vertue He did feactely checke the iudgemente of the commeÌ„ people who in no behalf are greater haines and niggardes of their purse then in prouidyng to haue their children well and vertuously brought vp in learnyng and maners and dooe bestowe more coste on kepyng or dressyng their horses then on the good guydyng and ordreyng of their sonnes and doughters Beeyng reproued for that he was a taker of money of his frendes Why Aristippus tooke money of riche folkes he saied that he dyd not take any suche money to the entente and purpose to conuerte it to his owne vse and commoditee but that thei might learne vpon what thynges money ought to bee bestowed The due and right vse of money For the moste parte of riche folkes casteth away their money either vpon horses or on buisie and sumptuous buildynges orels other ryottous wayes wheras it ought to bee geuen in almes to good and honest menne if thesame bee in neede Yea and a manne maye an other waye also vnderstaÌ„d applye this saiyng Aristippus â—id not spend any money but on thinges for his liuyng necessarie Aristippê° did not spend money but vpon thynges necessarie and therfore he tooke rewardes of richemen to declare plainly vnto the same the right waye to applye it to good vses and that could he not dooe onelesse thei had found vnto his handes wherewithall to dooe it as he that hath an earnest desire to learne the feacte of writyng fyndeth and deliuereth papyre penne ynke to the partie that shall teache hym To a feloe laiyng vnto hym in the waye of reproche that in a cause to his owne persone apperteinyng he had with money hyered the helpe of an oratour to pleade for hym at the barre he saied why that is not so greate a woondre for when I would haue any supper dressed too I hyer a cooke The other parties mynde was that it should appere the oratour to bee of more excelleÌ„cie or dignitee then the philosophier A philosophier to bee of more excellencie and dignitee then an oratour for this pointe because the philosophier gaue money to haue his helpe he turned it clene coÌ„trarieâ— notyfiyng hym to bee the inferiour of lesse dignitee that is hyered For the office of an oratour or a manne of laweâ— is of a more basse sorte theÌ„ to become a philosophier He was on a tyme bidden this that to talke out of his bookes of philosophie And when Dionysius woondreous earnestly and instauÌ„tely required hym theruÌ„to beeyng at that tyme veray eiuill willyng loth to medle he saied It is a fond a mad thyng if ye desire me some what to saye in philosophie and yet yourselfe will teache me appointe when my moste oportunitee occasioÌ„ is to speake He mened that one of the chief pointes to a philosophier belongyng is eueÌ„ this to knowe what tymes it is moste meete to speake and when not to speake The philosophier self best knoweth wheÌ„ to speake and when not But he that maketh requeste to heare any one thyng or other out of philosophie declareth that he would learne philosophie of the philosophier On the other side again he that would constreigne a manne to speake whether he bee disposed or no semâ—leth pretendeth to bee maister or superiour in learnyng to the philosophier self in that he taketh vpoÌ„ hym to haue better knowelage of the due and coÌ„ueniente tyme wheÌ„ to speake then the veray philosophier indede The kyng beeyng for this answere of Aristippus in an high fume coÌ„mauÌ„ded hym to sitte in the lowest place of al at the table Aristippus in this case nothyng discoÌ„teÌ„ted saied in this maner Sir kyng it is your pleasure I perceiue to nobilitate this place to make it honorable Not the lowe place maketh the manne of lesse dignitee but of the worthynesse of the persone much honoure groweth to the place Signifiyng not the place to make the maÌ„ of lesse dignitee but of the worthynes honestee of the persone much honoure to redounde and growe vnto the place A certain feloe standyng highly well in his own conceipte for his cunnyng in swymmyng Aristippus could not abyde And arte thou not ashamed saieth he with â—uche a saucy and presumpteous braggue to boste thyself of those thynges whiche been naturall propreties of the dolphin fishes It is a folishe thyng for a maÌ„ne to boste hymselfe of suche feactes as other thynges caÌ„ of their naturall propretee do better then he It had been more preatie and feacte if he had saied of frogues It is comely for a manne to glorie and braggue of suche thynges as bee naturall for a manne onely to dooe And nothyng is more aggreable with the nature of maÌ„ne then to excelle in reason wisedome and discretion There is no manne so expert a swymmer but that in this feacte qualitee he is ferre passed ouercomed of the dolphin fishes The dolphin fishes haue a propretee to swymme aboue the water and theâ— are delited in the melodious armonye of all musicall instrumentes They beare notable loue towardes manne in so muche that diuerse of theim haue caried children about ouer the sea dayly of course custome as wee read in Cicero in Plynius in Aulus Gellius in other writersâ— Beeyng asked in what thyng a manne of perfecte sapieÌ„ce diffreed from a man voide of all learnyng knowelage Send one of either sorte naked saieth he vnto menne vnknowen and thou shalt see He signified that a manne indewed with sapience carryeth aboute with hym wherwith to coÌ„mend hym self and to bee welcome vnto all maner persones in the worlde If therefore ye should send a learned manne and a persone vnlearned either of theim as naked as euer thei wer born in to a strauÌ„ge conntree where neither of theim bothe haue any acquaintaunce What difference â—here is betwene a learned manne a pâ—rsone vnlearned the sapiente manne vttreynge shewyng forth the treasures of his high knowelage and cunnynge
should anone fynd and geat bothe money and frendes the other not hauyng a raggue to hang about hym should bee skorned laughed at as a Iacke of bethleem should hardâ—y escape to perishe and dye for houÌ„gre To a feloe makyng his boste that he could drynke muche and yet not bee drunken Boste of drinkyng is vain what great wondre is it thou talkest of saied Aristippus sens that euery mule and horse dooeth thesame A certain persone laied vnto the charge of Aristippus as a vice that he kepte coumpaignie with a commeÌ„ stroumpette Whome he confuted with an induccion suche as Socrates commenly vsed in maner as foloeth Goo to tel me this dooest thou thynke it to make any mater whether a bodye take an hous whiche many haue inhabited orels an hous whiche nomanne hath afore dwelled in WheÌ„ he had saied that it made no mater What saied Aristippus doeth it any thyng force whether one bee a passinger and dooe saill in a shippe that hath carryed a greate nouÌ„bre aforetymes orels in a shippe that hath carryed none WheÌ„ he had saied naye to that also what mater of force is it then ê™ he whether a manne haue to dooe with a womaÌ„ that hath bestowed hirselfe on many soondrie persones afore orels vpon none at all This saiyng also might bee as a thyng meryly spoken accepted emong theim in whose opinion simple fornicacion was not rekened for a synne When he was taken vp and reproched of a feloe because that beeyng the disciple of Socrates he was contrarie to the vsage of Socrates a taker of money for his teachyng of philosophie Why Aristippus was a taker of money for teachynge phylosophie more thâ—n Socrates was I dooe that ê™ he not without good cause why For vnto my maister Socrates a greate nouÌ„bre of riche and welthie freÌ„des did send bothe wheate and wyne of the whiche his maner was to reserue a small porcion for his necessarie occupiynge and the residue to sende backe again In deede he hadde to his stewardes the greateste gentlemenne of all the Atheniens and I haue none other stewarde but myne owne boundseruaunte Eutychides whom I boughte with my money Eutychides the seruaunte of Aristippus He notified that he did sette euen as litle by money as did Socrates but that Socrates had freÌ„des of more bountee By this coloure might some persones excuse theimselfes euen now of dayes professyng outwardly in woordes excedyng greate contempte of golde and siluer wheras thei haue right good store of money lyyng in the handes and custodie of their frendes The excuse of some ê‘sones that in woordes professen contempte of money yet haue money enough lyyng in store in the haÌ„des of their frendes that forenyers they had bounteous stewardes and proctours for all their necessarie store of foode and viandrie but that nowe thei should make full many an hungry mele if thei had not a good summe of money in one place or other laied vp in store The reporte goeth that Aristippus was a customer of one Lais a veray notable mysliuyng woman Aristippus a customer of Lais the harlotte Lais was a stroumpette dwellynge in Corinthe vnto whoÌ„ for hir excellent beautie resorted many riche louers out of al parties of the countree of Grece but no man had his pleasur on hir except he gaue hir owne askyng whiche was euermore a greate For whiche mater wheras he had a veraye eiuil name abrode emong all the people to a feloe obiectyng vnto hym that beeyng a philosophier he was at the becke coÌ„maundemeÌ„te of Lais. Naye marie ê™ he Lais is at my commaundemente and not I at the commaundemente of Lais. Signifying that it was no mater of dishonestee nowe and then to take pleasure whiche at that season was thought lawefâ—ll but to bee as a bondeman and to bee wholly geuen therunto woorthie to bee rekeâ—ed in the noumbre of thynges skamefull and abomynable At an other season to a feloe laiyng to his rebuke that he was ouer deintie of his mouthe and dyete he did with this reason geue a stoppyng oystre Couldest not thyself â—ê™ heâ— fynd in thy herte to buye of yâ— same kynd of meates or dishes that I dooeâ— if thou mightest haue theim for a dandypratte And when he that would needes shewe hymself to bee a despiser of al delicates had therunto aunswered yes Then dooe not I saied Aristippus so earnestely mynde or teÌ„dre sensualitee as thou dooest auarice For he would fain haue vsed as delicate fare as Aristippus Iâ— it would haue come of free cost or for a veray litle money Manâ— y◠〈◊〉 thâ— contempâ—â— of delâ—â—â—â—tâ— would faâ—â— of yâ— best â—f thâ—i migâ—t of fâ—â— cosâ—â— or for a litle money In thesame wise dooen certain nacions laye vnto the Germains quaffyng The Germainâ— are noted of much drynkyngâ— and the Englâ—shemen of muche eatyng to the englishe menne gourmaundyng eatyng while yâ— bealye will hold wheras there bee no greâ—ter raueners or gluttons in the worlâ—e then theimselfes if at any tyme suche chaunce dooe fall that thei maye of free cost eate â—nd drynke their fille Couetousnes ofte tymes be guileth yâ— bealye Then more couetous are those nacions not more teÌ„peratâ— or sobre of diete Ueray muche like vnto thisâ— it is that I shewed of the pertrige afore in the secouÌ„de saiyng of thissame Aristippus The receiuer generall and treasourer vnto Dionysiâ—s named Simus Simus yâ— receiuer general and treasourer to Dioâ—ysius a Phrygian born shewed vnto Aristippus his mainour place beeyng in euery corner veray neat and clene yea euen the veraye floore couered checkerwise set throughout with square pauyng stones of greate price Aristippus when he had well looked about and vewed euery thynge voided the spetle of his mouth euen full in the bearde of Simus Aristippê° sâ—eâ—ted on the eiuill fauoured face of Simê°â— and to thesame Simus highly fuming at the mater he excused hymself by this colour that he could espye no place ne thyng in al the whole hous more meete to receiue the filthye dreiuill or spattreyng of the mouth Notyng thereby â—hat in yâ— who le hous there was nothyng more lothsome to behold or more vnclene theÌ„ the face of that barbarous feloe The face ought to bee the most clene of al the partes of the bodye wheras that parte of a manne ought to bee moste clene of all Albeit this saiyng is more like to bee of some Cynike theÌ„ of Aristippus how so euer it is fathered on hym Beeyng on a tyme delited with a notable sweete smelle that was about a delicate feloe thus he saied now a mischief on the hertes of these naughtie wretched mutton moungres that haue brought suche a singulare good thyng as this in slauÌ„dre and infamie Menyng that a great noumbre of thynges of theimselfes good Many good thynâ—es be reieâ—â—ed through the faulte of lewd pâ—rsons vsyng yâ— same naughtely bee abandoned and
he knewe not what it was To others it was sweete tarte to Diogenes it was no better then breade who did not eate it for sensualitee or for to sweete his lippes but for his necessarie foode and susteinaunce To one demauÌ„dyng why meÌ„ne wer liberall to geue almes bounteously to other beggers Why menne geue almes mâ—re bounteously to other beggers then to philosophiers and to philosophiers nothyng so Marie ê™ he because thei haue hope to see it sooner come to passe that thei shal bee lame or blynde then that thei shal bee philosophiers Suche folkes as taken pietee and compassion vpoÌ„ persones visited with affliccion of whiche sorte are all beggers for the moste parte dooen the same in consideracion of the state condicion or chaunce of this worlde beeyng indifferente and commen to al mortal menne in this presente life So thei releue a blynde bodye castyng thus in their mynde this veraye selfe same thyng maye in tyme to come chaunce vnto myself but of a philosophier thei haue no suche cogitacion The saiyng hath somewhat the more grace by reason of the impropre vsyng of the latin woorde sperant in englyshe thei haue hope or affiaunce for a man in processe to become a philosophier maye bee hoped for bâ—t for the losse of the yiesight or for haltyng like acreple no manne vseth to hope Diogenes asked whatsoeuer it was in the waye of almes of a feloe beeyng a nyggarde and lothe to departe with any thyng whome when he sawe long in dooyng and more like vtterly to saye hym naye then to geue hym aught O thou manne saied he I aske thee for a dynyng not for a dyyng To expresse as nere as maye bee the affinitee of the greke vocables 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the whiche 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is in latin cibus in englyshe meate and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in latin sepultura in englyshe a graue As if he should haue saied what nedest thou to make so muche stickyng at the mater I dooe not require the to go hang thyselfe but onely to geue me as muche money as maye suffise to paie for my poore dyner Which he spake because the feloe made as muche stickyng shewed hymselfe as lothe to departe with any money as if Diogenes had saied vnto hym goo thy wayes at ones and hang thyselfe All the mater is in dalyyng with the greke dictions To a certain persone laiyng to his charge that he had in tyme tofore been a false coyner of countre feacte money for he was vpon suche a mater banyshed his countree In the .cii. apophthegme of Diogenes as is aboue mencioned I coÌ„fesse saieth he the tyme to haue been when I was suche an one as thou art now but suche an one as I am at this presente thou art neuer like to bee whyle thou shalt liue It was a checke to those persones Many dooe rebuke in otâ—â—rs the trespaces of youth and yet emende not their owne in their olde age neither who dooe in others fynde greate faulte at the errours and folyes of youth whereas thesame dooe emende and correcte their owne mysdedes no not in their olde age neither To another feloe castyng hym in the nose with theself same mater he defended his cryme by the pretexte of youth saiynge Yea I did in my youth many thynges moo then that whiche I dooe not now in myne age For at that age I could haue pyssed quickely with out any peine so dooe I not nowe at this daye With a Cynical circuicion or goyng about the bushe he signified young age Many mennâ— dooe many poyntes of foly in youthâ— whiche thei will not dooâ— in age whiche dooeth easyly and at the first assaye make water wheras olde folkes bee muche coumbreed with a spiece of the â—trangurie that thei cannot pysse but with great peine one droppe after another So mâ—ned Diogenes that in his old age he could not possibly by any persuasion or meanes haue been brought to coyne false money wherunto the foly of youth had afore brought hym through default of mature discrecion Takyng a iorney on a tyme to the toune of Myndus Myndus a toune in Asia when he sawe greate wyde gates and of gorgeous or royall buildyng where as the toune was but a litle preaty pyle he saied ye toune dwellers or ye enhabitauntes of Myndus shutte fast your toune gates that your citee goo not out at theim Notyng tee toune to bee so litle that it were possible for thesame to goo foorth at the gates Seeyng a feloe attached that hadde by priue stelth embesleed a piece of purple sylke he applyed to thesame this verse of Homere 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That is The death of purple hath thee by the backe Purple death and princely destenâ— And by princely destiney þ u goest to wracke It cannot haue yâ— full grace in englyshe But 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in greke and purpureus a um purpureus a um an epithe â—on of morâ— is a denominatiue of purpura and the poetes dooen often ioyne it for an epitheton with the substantiue mors death Because that when a bodye is slain the gore bloode that issueth out of the wounde is of purple colour And he called it princely destiney to dye in riche araye or for preciouâ— and gaye thynges Craterus the lieutenaunte or high Capitaine with Alexander the greate beeyng a manne of greate welth richesse Craterus lieu tenauÌ„te with Alexander the greate had of his owne mere mocion inuited hertyly praied Diogenes to come dwell with hym To whom Diogenes made this aunswer What Diogenes aunswered to Craterê° inuityng hym to come and dwell with hym I can better bee contented to liue in Athenes with breade and chese theÌ„ with Craterus at myne owne will to haue all the deyntyes in the worlde Menyng that libertee bee it neuer so poore is rather to bee chosen Libertee bee it neuer so poore is to be preferred to al delices where libertee is restreigned then all the delices and iunkerie or sumptuous fare of the ryche cobbes to bee restreigned kept shorte of libertee ‡ Anaximenes a philosophier the scholare successour of Anaximander the maister next pÌ„decessour of Anaxagoras Anaximenes the rhetorician had a panche as fatte and greate as he he was hable to lugge awaye with all to whom Diogenes came What Diogenes saied to Anaximenes the rhetoriciaÌ„ hauyng a greate bealy and spake in this maner I praye you geue to vs lene craggues some bealy too for bothe yourself therby shal bee well lighted and eased of your burden and ye shall dooe to vs a good turne and a pleasure As Anaximenes was on a tyme in makyng an oracion to the people Diogenes bearyng in his hande and holdyng out a pestle or gaÌ„mounde of bakon made all the audience full and whole to turne awaye froÌ„ Anaximenes to gaze vpon hym Anaximenes fumyng
Whoso is led with euery pangue of naturall mocions hath many maisters to serue thesame detestable and mercylesse maisters hath many maisters to serue and thesame bothe detestable and also mercilesse and voide of all pietee Bondeseruauntes namely suche as bee renne awayes are called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whiche vocable semeth to bee compouned of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a manne and of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a foote Albeeit the grammarians declare another maner propriâ—tee of significacioÌ„ for thei saien theim to bee called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because that bondemenne are in respecte and comparison the feete of their maisters these as the heddes of the seruauntes So when a feloe ful of vngraciousnesse and of lewde disposicion had demaunded of Diogenes vpon what original cause bonedseruuÌ„ates that would renne awaye from their maisters wer called by the name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Why fugitiue bondemen are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in greke Marie ê™ he because thei haue the feete of menne and a mynde or herte of suche disposicioÌ„ as thy self hast at this presente which mouest the question Menyng that the partie had the mynde or stomake not of a manne but of a veraye brute and saluage beaste Of one that was a prodigall wastefull spender of all that euer he had he asked fowertie shillynges at ones in the waye of almes The partie meruaillyng at his earnest and ymportune crauyng asked this questioÌ„ of Diogenes wher as thy vse and custome is of other menne to desire an almes of an halfpenie vpoÌ„ what occasioÌ„ dooest thou aske of me the suÌ„me of awhole pounde or twoo Marie saied he again because yâ— of others I am in good hope after one almes to haue an other again at another season but whether I shall euer haue any more almes of thee Why Diogâ—nes of a prodigall wastâ—â— of his gooddes asked an almes of xl â— at ones after this one tyme or not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 yâ— is lyeth in goddes hande onely or muste bee as pleaseth God For that halfe verse of Homere he lynked to his saiyng to make it perfecte because it made so directely and was so fitte for his purpose And iÌ„ dede a good plain maner of knowelagâ— geuyng it was a shrewd likelyhood to bee towarde euen at haÌ„de to light on the necke of suche a wastefull consumer of his gooddes within fewe dayes to bee brought to suche extreme penurie that he should not haue so muche as one poore halfpenie leaft to coumfort or helpe hymself withall Certain persones laiyng to hym in reproche that he was a commen crauer asker of thynges at euery bodye his hande wheras Plato beeyng a philosophier as he was did not so he saied well Plato is a crauer aswell as I Diogenes said that Plato was a priue crauer and he and open asker But laiyng his hedde to on other maÌ„nes eare That no straunge persones maye it heare For that is the englyshe of this greke verse of Homerus Odysseae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Whiche verse Diogenes abused in an other sense then Homerus did to signifie that Plato was eueÌ„ as great a begger proller as he was sauyng that Plato did craue priuely whispreyng in mennes eares he apertely makyng no counsaill of it Espiyng a feloe shootyng veraye eiuill at his marke he sate hym down euen hard by the pricke and to suche persones as demaunded the cause of his so dooyng he saied Meryly spoken lest he should by some chauÌ„ce hitte me Signifiyng that the feloe was like to hitte what soeuer other thyng it wer sooner then the marke yet other lookers on conueighen theimselfes aside as ferre as possible is wyde from the marke for feare of catchyng a clappe Those persones that shoote or cast wyde of their marke or other wyse mysse to hitte it are saied proprely in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to lese their shotte or cast or to shoote or cast awrye What persones shoote or cast al awry But Diogenes auouched plainly not those persones to mysse to lese their shotte or to hitte awrye that wer wyde or shorte of their marke but theim that directed and leuelled their cares and studies towarde sensual pleasures as towarde their marke or butte For by suche pleasures Through sensualitee meÌ„ne fall in to the deepe pitte of miserie and wrechednesse thei seeke and desire to haue perfecte beatitude whereas by meanes of thesame thei fall or tumble down into the moste deepe pitte of miserie and wofulnesse Beeyng asked the questioÌ„ whether death wer an eiuill thyng by what meanes possible should it bee eiuill ê™ he How Diogenes argued death not to bee an eiuill thyng sens that wee feele it not at the veraye houre wheÌ„ it is come And when it is awaye it is eiuill or harme to no body As loÌ„g as a man hath perfecte sense and feelyng he is aliue so then death is not yet in place that if thesame bee presente then sense and feelyng is awaye And eiuill is it not that is not felt This maner of argumentacion or reasonyng certain writers ascriben to Epicurus And in dede death it selfe is not eiuil but the iourney or passage to death is pieteous full of miserie Of thesame iourney if we stand in feare all the whole life of manne what other thyng is it but a passage or iourney towarde death Thei tellen that Alexander the greate standyng at the elbowe of Diogenes demaunded of thesame whether he wer in any drede or feare of hym Then saied the other again The auÌ„swer oâ—â—iogenes to Aleâ—ander demaundyng whâ—â—â—er â—e stood in drede of hym why what art thou a good thyng or an eiuill thyng Alexander auÌ„swered a good thyng And who standeth in drede of a good thyng ê™ Diogenes He plainly coÌ„uinced that a kyng was not to bee feared excepte he would to all the worlde denounce hymselfe to bee an eiuill or a myschieuous persone But if that wer a sufficient good argumente he might thereby haue gathered and concluded that God wer not to bee feared Erudicion or learnyng Diogenes by these woordes commended vnto all menne How Diogenes commended erudicion to all menne allegeyng that thesame vnto young folkes geueth sobrenesse to aged persones coumforte and solace to the poore richesse to riche men ornameÌ„t or beautifiyng For because that the tendre youth beeyng of the owne propre inclinacion readie to fall it brydleeth and restreigneth from all inordinate demeanure the incommoditees or displeasures of a mannes later dayes it easeth with honeste passetemps and recreacion vnto poore folkes it is sure costage to liue by for thei that are learned bee neuer destitute of necessaries And the substaunce of welthie persones it dooeth gayly vernyshe and adourne The greke vocable 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dooeth indifferently betoken the balle of the yie and a virgin or a maiden And so it was that one Didymo Of
looked for but that the kyng beeyng highly displeased with the bolde and plain speakyng of Demaratus should haue commaunded the same to bee had awaye out of his sight Yet for al that because the woordes of Demaratus meaned to reuoke hym â—rom ire and wrathe to takyng better wayes the kyng pacified and reconciled hymselfe at the correpcion of the straunger and all indignacioÌ„ and wrathe laied a parte fell to a fulle atonemente with all his folkes To an olde wife beeyng a poore sely solle and cryyng and callyng vpon Philippus to haue the hearyng of her cause before hym nor ceassyng with this ymportune earnest prayer in manier dayly to ryng in his eare The office of kynges is to heare the complaintes and causes of all persones with out excepcion he at last made aunswer that he had noo leasure And when the olde wife had eftsons cryed out vpon hym saiyng why then bee no longer kyng neâ—ther Philppus greatly meruaillyng at her bolde and franke speakyng did fromthensfoorthe geue eare not onely vnto her but also to all others like This selfesame thyng the latines dooen attribute vnto Adrian Emperour of Roome Philippus when it was come to his eare that his soonne Alexander had in a certain place shewed him selfe to bee a cunnyng musician Not euery arte is meete for a kyng graciously and courtisely chidde hym for it saiyng Art thou not ashamed of thyself to haue so good sight in musike Signifiyng that other artes then musike were more meete and seemyng for a kyng Thesame Philippus hauyng on a tyme gotten a falle in the wrastleyng place Philippus reproued the ambicion of manne in desâ—ryng empier when in the arisyng again he had espied the priente measure of his wholle bodie in the doust he saied Oh the foly of manne how we to whoÌ„ of nature a veraye small porcion of the yearth is due desire to haue in our handes all the vniuersall worlde Would god this saiyng had been well enpriented in the herte of his soonne to whose ambicion and couetous desire all the wholle worlde semed but a litle angle The ambicioÌ„ of Alexander Philippus chidyng his soonne Alexander for that he laboured sought with presentes and giftes to purchace the beneuolence and hertie loue of the Macedonians did thus frame sette his woordes what the deiuill consideracion or meanes hath putte suche a vain hope in thy hedde and brought the into this fooles paradise to suppose that thei will in tyme to come bee feithfull and true vnto the Beneuolence ought to bee purchaced by vertue not by giftes whom thou shalte haue corrupted and bought with money what dooest thou goo about to bryng to passe that the Macedonians shall esteme yâ— to bee not their kyng but their almoyner or pursebearer The Atheniens had sent an ambassade vnto Philippus Thesame graciously receiued and heard to th ende that he would with all possible courtesie and humanitee dimisse the Ambssadours he willed theim to speake in what thyng he might doo to the Atheniens any good pleasure Anon Demochares taking the tale in haÌ„de saied forsouth sir if ye goo putte your necke in an halter hang yourselfe This Demochares was one of the Ambassadours and for his malaparte toungne called at home in his conntree in their language ‡ Demochares parrhesiastes one of the ambassadours sent in Legacie froÌ„ the Atheniens vnto Philippus The boldenesse that some ê‘sones haue plainly with out respecte feare acception or sparyng of any bodye whatsoeuer he bee to vtter to speake that lyeth in their stomake yea whether it bee to geue a checke and a rebuke to ones face orels any otherwise howsoeuer it bee is called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and therof whatsoeuer persone hath that propretee without feare or sparyng to saie his mynde in al thynges as he thynketh is called Parrhesiastes And suche an one was this Demochares 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is in a manne the qualitee contrarie to assentacion whiche assentacioÌ„ is the southyng of eche bodyes tale and saiynges and holdyng vp theyr yea and naye Parrhesiastes as ye woulde saye in englyshe Thom trouthe or plain Sarisbuirie The kynges frendes at suche a carlishe aunswer fumyng and takyng high indignacion Philippus appeased theim and commaunded theim safe and sounde to leat goo that same * Thersites was one of the Grekes and came emong the moo out of the countree of Aetolia vnto the battaill of Troye a greate gentleman born but the wurst of feacture of shape and of fauoure that possible might bee and a veraye cowarde Whom Homerus in his secounde volume of his werke entitleed Ilias that is of the battaill of Troye describeth bothe in woordes and sense much lyke as foloeth Emong all others to Troye there came An eiuill fauoured geaste called by name Thersites a pratleer bee ye sure Without all facion ende or measure What soeuer came in his foolishe brain Out it should wer it neuer so vain In eche mannes bote would he haue an ore But no woorde to good purpose lesse or more And without all maner would he presume With kynges and princes to cocke and fume In feactes of armes naught could he dooe Nor had no more herte then a gooce therunto All the Grekes did hym deride and mocke And had hym as their commen laughyng stocke Squynâ—yied he was and looked nyne wayes Lame of one leg and hympyng all his dayes Croump shouldreed and shrunken so vngoodly As though he had had but halfe a bodye An hedde he had at whiche to ieste and scoffe Copped like a tankarde or a sugar lofe With a bushe pendente vndernethe his hatte Three heares on a side like a drouned ratte And not long after his arriuall to Troye for that he was so buisie of his toungue so full of chattyng and praâ—leyng with euery kynge and noble manne of the Grekes Achilles beeyng moued with his saucynes and ymportunitee vp gaue hym suche a cuff on the eare that he slewe hym out of hande with a â—lowe of his fist Thersites Then turnyng hymselfe to the residue of the Ambassadours he saied Goo beare woorde again home to the Atheniens muche more pride and stately presumpcion to rest in the speakers of suche vngoodly woordes as these then in theim whiche heare the same spoken vnto theim and suffre it to passe vnpunished When all is dooen these are the stomakes and hertes worthye to haue empier THE SAIYNGES OF ALEXANDER THE GREATE IN the saiynges of Philippus there was nothyngâ— but whiche besides the vrbanitee and pleasaunte grace myght not also auayll to good maners honest behaueour Nether dooe I see whom more conueâ—iently to ioyne vnto Philippus theÌ„ his owne soonne Alexander This Alexander beeyng yet but a little boye when his father Philippus executed many right high entreprises many right puissaunte and noble actes of prowesse achiued with veraye prosperous happe and successe was therwithall nothyng wel apaied but to his
Here it appereth not to bee altogether a lye that is â—o commenly spoken in the prouerbe Like beareth loue vnto like like beareth fauour and loue vnto like For Alexâ—ander beeyng out of all measure desirous of renoume loued the sembleable affeccion and appetite in other persones Taxiles one of the kynges of India preseÌ„tyng hymself vnto Alexander This Taxiles as tâ—stifieth Plutarthus in the life of Alexanderâ— was a manne of singulare wisdome and sapienâ—e and had vnder his gouernauÌ„ce the more parte of India enuironed with al the whole circuite of the vniuersal couÌ„tree of Egypte a â—anke grouÌ„de for pasture an excellente good corne countree And of this Taxiles Alexandâ—r tooke many greate giftes and presentes and gaue to hym as many again and last of all sente vnto hym for a gifte a thousande talentes at ones spake vnto hym in this maner I ê“uoke the sir kyng saieth he not to fightyng nor yet to battail but to another sorte of tryyng maistries If thou be inferiour to me take some benefite at my haÌ„des if superiour let me receiue some bnÌ„fite at thine To whoÌ„ Alex. thus auÌ„swered Marie eueÌ„ for that veraye poynte ought we to striue together whether may in dooyng benefites haue the ouer haÌ„de of the other And herupon with al possible humanitee embracyng the said Taxiles he did not onely not depriue thesame of his domynioÌ„ but also gaue hym more to it WheÌ„ he had herde of a certain rocke in the Indies whiche by reasoÌ„ of the excedyng heigthe of it is called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a rocke in the Indies byrdelesse as if ye would saie so high that the byrdes maye not geat to the toppe of it When Alexander had heard of this rocke that the place self was harde to bee woonne but the capitain that kept it to bee a fearfull feloe and to haue no more herte then a sheepe By this tyme ê™ Alexander the place is easie enough to bee gotten Signifiyng that fortresses municioÌ„s doo nothing auayle at al excepte an hardie maÌ„nes body defeÌ„d maintein thesame Fortresses municions do nothynge auaill excepte hardie valiaunte meÌ„nes bodyes defeÌ„de and mainâ—aiâ— thesame For a castle or any strong holde is not so sure and fafe from enemies by the fense of dyches and walles as by valiaunte and hardie mennes bodyes Plutarchus thus telleth thesame historie Alexander hauyng with siege encoumpaced the towne of one Sisimethres staÌ„dyng on a rocke impenetrable when he sawe his souldyers to bee of heauie â—here he demaunded of one Oxiartes what hertâ— and courage the said Sisimethres was of Oxiartes aunsweryng that he was the verayest dastarde aliue well then ê™ Alexander by thy saiyng yâ— rocke wil soone easily bee woonne forasmuche as the lorde therof is a cowarde and no manne of waâ—â—e And eueÌ„ so came it to passe for Sisimithres was with the onely manacyng thretenyng facyng of Alexander so feared that he yelded â— gaue vp his hold without any resistence at al. An other certain capitain wher he held and kepte a rocke vnpossible to be won as it was thought neuerthelesse submitted and yelded hymselfe into the handes of Alexander How Alexander vsed a capitaine that gaue hymself and his holde into his handes mercie But Alexander not onely did make thesame partie lorde gouernour of all that seignourie countree about but moreouer spake saide as foloeth I holde this manne sapiente and wise in that he thought better and had more phansie to putte his trust affiaunce in an honest and a good manne then in a place strong and well fensed After the takynge of a certain strong holde or fortresse standyng on a rocke when the frendes of Alexander saied that in featesmarcial and in noble actes of prowesse he ferre surmounted Hercules Alexander coÌ„teÌ„ned Hercules in reâ—pecte of hymselfe Nay ê™ he I thynke the actes that I haue doone sens I haue been a kynge are totoo ferre oddes to bee in the waye of coÌ„parison conferred with the thynges whiche Hercules did in his tyme The mynd of Alexander no fâ—aterie was enough to satisfie The other spake to flater hym but the mynd of Alexander no flaterie was enough to satisfie Certain of his frendes he punyshed by the purse and putte to their fine because he had perceiued theÌ„ in plaiyng at dyce not to play for pastyme How Alexander vsed certain of his freÌ„des for beeyng ouer earnest in playyng at dyce as meete was For many there been that bestowe vse themselfes in this game as if it were in the moste earnest mater of the worlde For those persones dooe not playe who dooen hasard and auenture all their substaunce at ones The incommoditees that come by plaiyng at dyce yea and sometymes their soones and heyres too too stande to the grace and direccion of the dyce At lest wyse homely playe it is and a madde pastyme where menne by the course of the game goo together by the eares and many times murdre one another or at lestwyse of â—yght louyng freÌ„des are made mutuall enemies all dayes of their life after Emong those whom he reputed and tooke for his principall frendes or chief seruauÌ„tes about hym and most of power he shewed him selfe to honour Graterus aboue the rest Alexander of al his frendes and true seruauÌ„tes moste honoured Craterê° but moste loued Hephaestion but aboue all others to loue Hephaestion For Craterus saieth he loueth the kyng and Hephaestion loueth Alexander This saiyng hath more grace in the greke by reason of these twoo woordes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Craterus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hephaestion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The menyng of Alexander was that Craterus in suche thynges as concerned his dignitee royall did the partes of a true faythfull frende but Hephestion of a certain priuee affeccion to beare his hertie loue and beneuolence towardes the persone of Alexander without the respecte that he waâ— a kyng Wherfore these twoo parties whose loue and affeccion towardes hym proceded of vnlike respectes he did after two soondrie sortes egually rewarde either accordyng to his demerites * So high in dignitee and autoritee wer these twoo with Alexander that all the Macedonians whiche had any suite â—o the courte wer from tyme to â—yme assigned to fette their aunswer and despeche at the handes of Craterus and all the Barbarians of Hephaestion And so highly did the kyng honoure Craterus that when thesame Craterus was on a tyme sore sicke Alexander did openly muche sacrifice to the Goddes for his helthe wrote letters with his owne hande to Pausanias his physician that he should with all diligence and attendauÌ„câ— possible not onely tempre drynkes and medecines for hym but also bee presente with hym to teache hym how thesame should â—ee receiued For Craterus he auaunced to high dignitees HephestioÌ„ he receiued to moste entiere
in so victorious a prince yea ymmediately vâ—on so noble a conquest as might in a ChristiaÌ„ prince perchaunce bee an occasion of insolencie some cause of forgetâ—yng hymself he woulde bidde theim good morowe good eueÌ„ or good spede not castyng his yie on theim but lookyng downe to the grounde and that but sealdome neither standyng in fear of hymselfe to bee rauished with their excellente beautie And emoÌ„ges his familiares these wordes folowyng were muche in his mouthe The damyselles of Persia maken sore yies He gaue streight charge commaundemente by proclamacion Alexander gaue charge by proclamacion not to be peinted but of Apelles nor to bee engrauen in metall but by Lysippus that his physiognomie or porturature should not be draweÌ„ by any other peinter then by * Apelles the moste excelleÌ„t pâ—inter of the old tyme and Lysippus the best statuarie Apelles nor engrauen or cast in brasse or other metal by any other persone then by Lysippus Beyng the twoo principall and moste exceâ—lent werkemeÌ„ of that same tyme. For he iudged that same poynte also to appertein to the dignitee of a prince And with Cherilus the poete he was at a couenaunte that thesame for euery good verse that he made should receiue a * By a Philippes gildrâ—n is not mened here the coyne that is nowe curraunt in Flaundres by that appellacion but an olde coyne of fyne golde in whiche was striken the ymage of Philippus father vnto Alexander whiche coyne Budeus valueth at tenne frenche crounes philippes gildreÌ„ and for euery eiuill verse a good buffet Beyng asked the question in what place he had his treasoures lyyng in the handes of my frendes A mannes gooddes are no whermore safely laied vp theÌ„ in the handes of his frendes ê™ he Signifiyng that a maÌ„nes gooddes are nowhere more safely then so laied vp in store For wheÌ„ the case requireth gooddes so bestowed come again to ones handes with encreasse When a certain persone that had brought some message or tydynges came rennyng towardes hym hoppyng for ioye holdyng out his haÌ„de as ferre as he could stretche it The zele of Alexander towardes Homere about to make relacion of the good successe procedyng of his affaires Alexander saied what greate good newes haue ye to shewe vs good sir if ye dooe not bryng woorde that Homere is aliue again Signifiyng that all the glorie of his noble actes was like to perishe neuer after to bee spoken of onlesse it might bee his happe to haue suche a trumpette of his laudes as * In the werke of Homere entitleed Ilias are moste excelleÌ„tly described and sette out the actes the laudes and the prowesse marciall of Achilles to his ymmortall glorie and renoume For whiche câ—use Alexander had suche loue and zele towardes the said poete that wheresoeuer he wente he carryed thesame his werke entitleed Ilias euermorâ— about hym in the daye tyme â— in the night vsed euermore to haue his dagguer and the said Ilias of Homere lyyng vnder his bolster at his beddes hedde So desirous he was of honour renoume and eternall memorie and to bee sette out of the best and moste cunnyng dooers as maye appere by somethynges afore meâ—cioned and also by the .xlix. saiyng of this Alexander Homere was A certain countree to the ende that it might haue quiete reste no more to bee vexed with the armure and ordeinauÌ„ce of Alexander What AlexaÌ„der auÌ„swered to a certain citee offreyng hym parte of their landes halfe their gooddes to bee in reste and quiete offred vnto thesame a good porcion of their possessions and also the one moytie of all the other gooddes that thei had To whom Alexander thus aunswered I am come into Asia in this mynde and purpose not to take what liked you to geue me but that ye should haue what liked me to leaue vnto you Alxander had in seruice one Eudemonicus ☞ Parasites wer called suche smelle feastes as would seeke to bee free geastes at riche mennes tables Who to the ende yâ— thei might at all tymes bee welcome would speake altogether for to please and to delite the riche folkes flatreyng theim and holdyng vp their yea and naye whatsoeuer thei saied were it â—euer so contrarie to reason truthe or likelyhood a philosophier Eâ—demonicus a philosophier in seruice with AlexaÌ„der a great flaterer Albeit Plutarchê° maketh Anaxarchus yâ— sophiste speaker of these woordes but more full of flaterie then any parasite This Eudemonicus on a tyme wheÌ„ it thoundreed veray sore in somuch that al the coumpaignie wer right eiuil afraied saied vnto Alexander the soonne of Iupiter why dooe not yee also Alexander the soonne of Iupiter thouÌ„dre in this wyse But the other not hable to abide the woordes of such a vile philosopher laughed saied for I am not willyng to be terrible as thou teachest me to be which biddest me to make a supper seruice for my table with the heddes of dukes kynges Thus dooeth * Athenaeus a greke historiographier Athenaeus reherse it But Plutarcus in the life of Alexander telleth it somewhat variyng from this The tendre loue of AlexaÌ„der towardes his lordes What art yâ— angrye with me because I am serued at my table with fishe not rather with the heddes of noble meÌ„ne Alexander as he conueighed his host from place to place in the wynter season The exceding humanitee of Alexander tendrenesse ouer his souldyours sittyng by a fyer made in the felde begoonne to take vieue of his armie as thei passed by And wheÌ„ he espyed a certain aged persone quakyng and sheureyng for colde seekyng to haue a place to stand in by the fyer he commauÌ„ded the feloe to sitte down in his chaire saiyng Emong the Persianâ— it was a mater of death for anâ— priuate ê‘sone to sitte in the kynges seate If thou haddest been born in Persis it would cost the thy hedde to sitte in the kynges seate but for one born in Macedonia it is not vnleefull Alexander beeyng yet but euen a young striepleyng when he sawe his father Philippus about to reiecte and cast awaye as a thyng that would neuer bee brought to dooe any good seruice an * This horse was called Bucephalus as ye would saie in englyshe bulles hedde either of his ougly looke or â—ls of the figure and priente of a bulles hedde with an hotte iron marked on his shoulder One Philonicus a Thessalian had bought hym for .xiii. talentes purposely to the vse of kyng Philippus But after this facte Alexander had the horse and vsed hym for his owne sadle in al his warres afterwarde vntil the horse was thirtie yeres olde And then was he dedly wounded in a certain battaille and had muche cure dooen vpon hym to saue hym but it would not bee The death of Bucephalus Alexander tooke as heauyly as if he had lost one of his nighest and derest frendes in so muche that
Augustê° Caesar. and taken the parte of Augustus did at a certain banquette veraye arrogantely or with many highe braggyng woordes make greate vaunte of his desertes towardes Caesar What Augustus Caesar saied when Rhymirales made vaunte of his desertes towardes hym and without ende entwytyng thesame with takyng his parte in warre made muche tittle tattle nor would in no wyse lynne pratyng therof Caesar makyng as though he marked not the reprochefull chattyng of the saied Rhymirales dranke to one other of the kynges and saied The treason I loue well but the traitours I doo not coÌ„mende Signifiyng no thankes at all to bee due vnto suche persones as haue dooen a manne a good turne by committyng treason on their owne partie No thanke at all is due to theim that dooe an other body a pleasure by commitâ—yng treason on their owne behalf For though the pleasure that thei shewen bee for the tyme acceptable yet are the parties selfes reputed for naughty felooes and breakers of league and feithfull promyses afore made to another When the inhabitauntes of Alexandria the hedde citee of all Egypte after their citee entreed and takeÌ„ by force of armes The clemeÌ„cie of Augustus towardes the Alexandrines when he had woone takeÌ„ their citee thought to haue none other grace but vtter exterminacion by fyer and bloudshed Augustus gotte him vp into an high place takyng with hym euen by the hande one Arius a philosophier of the same citee borne and saied vnto the people that he did freely perdon the citee For what caâ—ses Augustus freely perdoned the citee of Alexandria first for the greatnes and goodlinesse of the citee selfe secondarily for the respecte of Alexander the great that was the first founder edifier and builder of it and finally for to dooe his frende Arius a pleasure Arius a philosophier of Alexandria to whom Augustus for his learnyng shewed muche honoure and frendship and familiaritee And as Plutarchus in yâ— life of Marcus Antonius writeth euen at this tyme besides this high pointe of honoure shewed towarde Arius he did at the intercession of thesame perdon many particular persones whiche had dooen hym muche displeasure and had deserued not onely his displeasure but also all extremitee It was a pointe of mercifulnesse not many tymes seen or heard of not to riefle or spoyle a citee whiche had moste stubbernely and obstinately rebelled but no lesse praise deserued that same his greate ciuilitee that the thanke of such a benefite as this was he tooke not to hymselfe but gaue one yea and the principall parte of the same vnto the citee selfe another porcion he attributed vnto Alexander whose memoriall he knewe to bee of moste high acceptacion emong the Alexandrines the thirde piece he putte ouer to Arius a burgoise of the same citee with so high a title commendyng â—ettyng foorth his frende vnto his owne countremen When it was complained vnto Augustus that one Erotes the solliciter of Egypte had bought a quaille which in fightyng would beate as many as came at no hande could bee beateÌ„ or putte to the wurse and thesame quaill beeyng rosted to haue eaten vp euery morsell he commaunded the feloe to bee brought afore hym and the cause well discussed ymmediately vpon the parties confessyng of yâ— cause he commaunded yesame to bee hanged vp on the toppe of a maste of a shippe Erotes yâ— solliciter of Egypte putte to death by Augustus for eatyng of a quaille Iudgeyng hym vnwoorthie to liue who for so small a delite of his onely throte or dentie mouth had not spared a byrde whiche in fightyng might many a long daye to many a persone haue shewed pleasure and solace and the whiche furthermore by a certain gladde signe of good lucke to ensue betokened vnto Caesar perpetuall sucsesse and prosperyng in his warres In the countree of Sicile in the stede or place of Theodore he made Arius capitain or lieuetenauÌ„t Tharsus the chief citee in Cilicia wher saincte Paule was borne And when a certain persone putte vp vnto Caesar a supplicacioÌ„ or bille of complainte in whiche wer writen these woordes The pield pated Theodore of Tharsus was a briber and a theefe what semeth you The bille perused Augustus subscribed nothyng but this onely Mesemeth Unto Athenodorus a philosophier by the pretexte or excuse of olde age makyng instaunte requeste that Athenodorus a philosophier in the tyme of Augustus There was also an other Athenodorus a philosophier of Athenes of whoÌ„ Plutarchus both in the life of AlexaÌ„der and also of Phocion maketh mencion And the thirde a werker of Imagerie in metal a Rhodian born of whom is meÌ„cioned in the xxxiiii and in the .xxxvi. boke of Plynie he might haue licence to departe home again into his countree Augustus grauÌ„ted his desire But wheÌ„ Athenodorus had takeÌ„ his leaue and all of the emperour beeyng in mynde and wille to leaue with the same some monumeÌ„te or token of remembreaunce meete semyng for a philosophier this he saied more theÌ„ euer he had dooen tofore Sir emperour at what tyme thou shalte bee angreed neither saie ne dooe thou any thyng before that thou shalt haue rekened vp by rewle one after other in thy mynde the names of the .xxiiii. lettres of the greke alphebete TheÌ„ Caesar freÌ„dly takyng the philosophiers hande in his saied What counsaill Athenodorus a philoâ—sophier gaue vnto Augustê° against yâ— furious heat of sodain angreâ— yet a whyle longer haue I nede of thy coumpaignie presence about me And so kept hym there with hym still euen a full yere more allegyng for his purpose that same the prouerbe of the Grekes Of feithfull silence the rewardes are daungerlesse Of feithfull silence the rewardes are daungerlesse Either allowyng the philosophiers senteÌ„ce for that in deede to represse and kepe in ones angre that it breaketh not out into woordes To kepe in angre that it breke not out into woordes is a poincte of safetie wer a thyng sure and safe from all perill of after clappes orels meanyng that it should haue been a good turne to the philosophier if he had spoken no suche woorde at the later ende beeyng in purpose and readynesse to departe his waye Albeeit suche an holsome and especiall good lesson deserued to haue some royall rewarde and recompense An holsome lesson geuyng deserueth at the handes of a price an high recompense When he had heard saie that Alexander beeyng twoo and thirtie yeres of age Alexander at the age of .xxxii yeres hauyng woonne almoâ—te all the worlde douâ—ted what he shuld haue to dooe all the residue of his â—ife after hauyng passed ouer not a fewe regions or countrees of the worlde had putte a greate doubte what he might haue to dooe all the residue of his life to come Augustus meruailled muche if AlexaÌ„der had not iudged it a greater acte or werke well to gouerne an empier gotten then to haue acquired or purchaced a
woordes but persisted in their querele noyse makyng heare me The autorite of Augustus eueÌ„ of a youÌ„g manne ye youÌ„g meÌ„ne ê™ Augusâ—ns to whom beeyng but a young manne olde folkes haue geuen eare For Augustus beeyng scacely come to mannes state was putte to haue dooynges in the commenweale The clemeÌ„ciâ— of Augustus was of right high autoritee With this onely saiyng he appeaced the parties that wer at strife neither did he ministre any ferther punyshemente to thesame for the troubleous rumour and noyse by theim areised and stiered vp When the people of Athenes semed to had trespaced against hym in a certain matier he wrote vnto theÌ„ froÌ„ the citee of Aegina in this maner What Augustus wrote to the Atheniens hauyng trespaced against hym I suppose not it to bee to you vnknowen that I am angry with you And in deede I purpose not to lye here at Aegina all this wynter to come Neither did he any thynge els speake or dooe vnto the saied Atheniens rekenyng sufficiente to manace and threaten theim onlesse thei would surceasse so to abuse hym WheÌ„ one of the accusers of Euclides takyng his libertee and pleasure to tell his tale at large and to speake euen his bealye full at the last had gon so ferre that he spake muche what these woordes folowyng If all these thynges seme not to your grace high and greate maters coÌ„maunde hym to rendre vnto me the seuenth volume of Thucidides Caesar beeyng highly displeased with those woordes coÌ„maunded the saied accuser to be had to warde The clemeÌ„cie of Augustus But as soone as he heard that the same partie was alone remaining aliue of the of sprynge of * Brasidas a stoute and valiaunte Capitain of the Lacedemonians slain in battail in defendyng the Grekes whiche inhabited Thracia For at his first settyng foorth towardes battaill he wrote vnto the officers of Lacedemon that either he woulde putte of for euer all the eiuill that was in battail orels he would dye for it And wheÌ„ word of his death was brought by ambassadours purposely sent therfore to his mother Archileonide at the first woorde that euer she spake she demaunded whether Brasidas had dyed with honour or not And wheÌ„ the Thracians praised his manhood and saied that the citee of Lacedemon had not his feloe leaft in it yes yes ê™ the woman again full litle dooe ye knowe what maner feloes the Lacemonians are In deede ê™ she Brasidas was a right good man of his handes but yet the citee of Lacedemon hath many better meÌ„nes bodyes then Brasidas was For the respecte memorie of this noble and valiaunte capitain Augustus perdoned the vnmeasurable accusar of Euclides Brasidas he bidde the same come to hym and after a moderate or gentle correpcion leat hym goo at his libertee Unto Piso substancyally buyldyng an hous euen from the foundacion vnto the vttermost raftreyng and reirynge of the roofe What Augustus saied vnto Piso buildyng a substaÌ„ciall hous Augustus saied O Piso thou puttest me in good cumforte and makest my herte glad in that thou so makest thy buyldinges as though Rome must euer endure and contynue to the worldes ende He was not offeÌ„ded with the ouer curious furniture of edefiyng Augustus enterpreted the dooynges of menne to the better parte not to the wurse but that some other prince woulde haue suspected mistrusted to meane some spiece * After the expulsion and final exterminacion of kynges out of the citee of Roome if any manne either had any high or large mansion place or attempted any sumptuous or ample buildyng he encurred suspicion of tyrannie and of takyng a kynges croune and power vpon hym in so muche that Ualerius Publicola a noble manne of Roome one of the chief dooers in expulsyng Tarquinius the proude the laste kyng of Roome because he had a faire hous and high and nere vnto the kynges palaice was not free of that suspicion but to declare hym selfe â— was fain to pul down his hous sticke and stone euen to the plain grounde Thesame thyng purchaced vnto Pompeius also and diuers others muche enuie and suspicion of vsurpyng a kynges power whiche to dooe in Roome at those daies was the moste high and ranke treason that could bee of tyranny Augustus turned vnto a glad begynnyng and prophecie of the Empier of Roome longe to endure Thus ferre hathe Plutarchus in his treactise of apophthegmes The apophthegmes folowyng are for the moste parte taken of Macrobius and out of Suetonius Augustus had writen a tragedie entitleed Aiax The tragedie of Augustus called Aiax and yesame tragedie afterwarde because it myslyked hym he wyped out with a spouÌ„ge So wheÌ„ one Lucius a writer of tragedies demaunded what is Aiax did by my feith ê™ Augustus woundreous merely again he hath reÌ„ne hymself through with a spounge Augustus his Aiax ranne hymselfe thorowe wyth a spounge Alludyng to the argumente or mater of the entrelude in the whiche it is conteined y◠‡ This Aiax was the sonne of TelamoÌ„ of Hesione the doughter of Laomedon and was the moste valiaunte and moste woorthie knight of all the Grekes next after Achilles But when Achilles was slain Aiax required to haue his harnesse and weapen as a manne moste apte and mete to haue the wearyng and vse of it Ulysses also made suite for thesame and by helpe of his eloquente toung preuailled against Aiax and had the said harnesse deliuered vnto hym by the iudges For angre wherof Aiax felle madde and in his madnesse went emong an hearde of catalle and slewe a greate noumbre of theim weenyng to hym that he had slain Ulysses and his couÌ„paignie Afterwarde beeyng come to hymselfe again wheÌ„ he considered his folyes he killed hymselfe synkyng downe on the poincte of his owne sweorde Aiax as soone as he wyst what thinges he had bothe saied and dooen in the tyme of his madnesse ranne or sounke downe vpon the poincte of his owne sweord kylled himself To a certain persone presenting vnto him a supplicacioÌ„ fearefully What Augustê° said to one fearefully puttyng vp a supplicacion vnto hym nowe puttyng forth his hand and nowe pullynge it backe again he saied what doest thou thynke thy selfe to geue a penie to an Elephante For litle boyes vsed to holde foorth and to geue litle pieces of coyne to an Elephante whiche pieces of coyne the same Elephante not without the woundreyng of the beholders will in suche wyse snatche vp quickely with his longe snoute that he wyll not hurt the childes hande In the same wyse doo wee see children pâ—tte their hande into the yanyng mouthe of beares not wtout our feare It was to this moste good prince a mater of greef that he was feared It was greuous to Augustê° that he was fâ—ared When one Pacinnius Taurus asked a rewarde of hym Howe Augustus auoyded one Paciâ—ius askynge a rewarde of hym beeyng not disposed to geue
had more phaÌ„sie to â—est An helmet a Iacke or platecote hideth all partes of a manne sauyng the legges Thesame Caesar vnto Metellus with standyng that he might not take any money out of the treasourie or chaumbre of yâ— citee This is touched afore in yâ—â—viii apophâ—hegme and bryngyng foorth lawes forbiddyng the same to bee dooen The tyme of weapen saieth he and of lawes is not all one What Iuliê° Caesar saied vnto Metellê° withstaÌ„dyng that hâ— should not take any money out of the treasourie of Roome That in case thou caÌ„st not bee conteÌ„ted with the matier now for this present gette the out of the waye after that al leages and bondes of peace throughly drieueÌ„ wee shall haue laied down all wepen then if thou shalt so thynk good laie to my charge in the behalf of the people I shall make the aunswer Thesame Caesar would often tymes saie that he had like enteÌ„te mynde of dealyng against his enemies Enemies in battaill are to bee ouercome rather with famyne then with the sweorde as the moste parte of good phisicians haue against the maladies and sores of mennes bodies whiche is rather with hungre then with iron to ouercome theim For the physicians dooe not fall to cuttyng except all other meanes wayes afore proued And this vsage euen at this presente daye still endureth emong the Italians The ItaliaÌ„â— in all diseases dooen enioynâ— abstinence against al kindes of diseases thei doo streightly enioyne abstinence A like thyng vnto this it is Dimitiê° Corbulo would enemies to be ouercomed sokyngly by litle and litle the Domitius Corbulo vsed muche to saie that a mannes enemies in bataill are to bee ouercomed with a carpeÌ„ters squareyng are that is to saie sokyngly one pece after an other A commeÌ„ axe cutteth through at the first choppe a squaryng axe by a litle and a litle werketh thesame effecte It breded areised greate enuie and grutchyng agaist Caesar What thyng was occasion of greaâ—e enuie grutche against Iuliê° Caesar. that one of those persones whom he had sent to Roome standyng in the senate hous as soone as he knewe that the senate would not geue ne graunte vnto Caesar prorogacion that is to saie a longer tyme in his dictature gaue a greate stroke with his hande vpoÌ„ the hiltes of his swerde saied well yet this feloe here shall geue it Thretenyng to the commenweale force and violence Iuliê° Caesar by force violâ—nce oppressed the coÌ„meÌ„weale Sylla hauyng obteined the pretourship manaced Caesar veraye sore What Caes. saied to Sylla thretenyng to vse his power vpoÌ„ him that he would vse his autoritee and power vpon hym yea ê™ Caesar laughyng at it thou dooest of good right call it thy power whiche thou hast bought with thy penie Sylla purchaced the praetourship with greate giftes rewardes Notyng Sylla that thesame had purchaced the said office by geuyng greate giftes and rewardes Marcus Tullius in the thirde booke of that his werke entitleed de officiis that is to saie of honeste behauour or how eche manne ought to vse and to demeane hymselfe writeth that Caesar had euer in his mouthe these greke verses out of the thirde tragedie of Euripides entitleed Phoenissae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That is If a manne should nedes dooe wrong It ought to bee onely in this case To make hymself a kyng by hande strong In other thynges leat right haue place When Caesar gooyng towardes the countree of Africa had slipped and gotten a falle in gooyng out of a shippe How Caesar turned an eiuil likelyhode to the better parte the likelyhood of euill chaunce to come he turned to the better parte saiyng I haue the fast in my handes o Afrike Sextus Iuliê° Frontinus a latine autour that writeth fower bokes of stratagemes that is to saie of the sâ—â—ightes and policies of warre Frontinus thynketh that this happened at his takyng of shippe and that he saied I haue the faâ—t o yearth whiche arte my mother Alludyng as I suppose herunto that where he was on a tyme sore troubleed with a certain dreame The dreame of Iul. Caes. in whiche it semed to hym that he had to dooe with his owne mother the reders or southsaiers expouned the empier of all the whole worlde to bee prophecied vnto hym THE SAIYNGES OF POMPEIVS THE GREATE CNeus * Of Pompeâ—us it is afore noted in the viii apophthegme of Augustê° Caesar Pompeius surnamed the greate was with the people of Rome as ferre in fauour as his ‡ Plutarchus in the life of Pompeius writeth that the Romaines neuer shewed against any Capitain or hedde citezen either greater orels more eagre hatered then against Strabo the father of PoÌ„peius For duryng his life tyme thei stood in perpetuall feare of his greate power purchaced and gotten by the sweorde for he was a veraye hardie and valyaunte manne of warre But after that he was ons departed out of this life strieken soâ—dainly to death with a flashe of lightenyng his corps beeyng carryed foorth to bee buiryed the people violently haled the ded bodye from the bere and did vnto it all the moste vilanie that thei could ymagyn The cause why he was so sore hated was estemed to bee his vnsaciable auariâ—e and coueteousnesse father before hym had been in grutche hatered This Pompeius beeyng yet a veraye young manne wedded hymselfe wholly to the faccion of Sylla PoÌ„peius beeyng but a veraye young manne gathered an armie in Italie before that he was eitâ—er any officer of the citee orels a senatour and tooke parte with Sylla And although he wer neither any officer of the citee nor senatour yet he gotte vnto hym out of one place and other of Italie a greate armie And when Sylla had coÌ„maunded thesame to come and ioyne with hym Nay ê™ he I wil neuer present an hoste vnto the high capitaine of Roome without booties or spoyles nor vnfleashed on their enemies Neither did he repair vnto Sylla before that he had in soondrie battrees and encountreynges vanquyshed diuerse capitaines of enemies Euen at the first date shewed he a greate token and lykelyhood of a prince moste woorthie and born to dooe greate thynges It was not his entente to bryng vnto Silla philip and cheiny moo then a good meiny but to bryng hable soudiours of manhood approued and well tryed to his handes And beeyng now created a capitaine Pompeius eueÌ„ at his first begynnyng did the partes both of a valiauÌ„t and of a righteous capitain when he was by Sylla sent into Sicilie he begoonne to dooe the partes not onely of a valiauÌ„te and woorthie capitaine but also of a iuste and righteous capitaine For when he had heard that his soudiours in gooyng foorthward on their viages made by stertes out of their waye and did muche oppression in the countree as thei went and pieled all that euer thei could
fyngre suche persones as he tooke rouyng and trottyng or scuddyng from place to place thei could not tell where about theim selfes he punyshed Pompeius would not his souldyours to dooe any oppressioÌ„ or piâ—lage where thei went and what compaignie hymself had sent afore he empriented on euery one of their sweardes the seall of his ryng that thei shuld dooe no bodie no wrong ne harme by the waye The * The Mamertines a people in Sicilie whose toune waâ— called Messana Mamertines because thei had taken parte and sticked hard with the enemies of Sylla he had appointed to slea euery mothers soonne But Sthenius the lorde of the citee or countree came vnto Pompeius with these wordes Sthenius the lorde of the Mamertines toke parte with Marius against Sylla O Pompeius ye dooe not accordyng to equitee and conscience in that ye goo about for one mannes cause that hathe offended to dooe a greate noumbre of innocentes to death I wys euen veray I myself am the manne that bothe haue persuaded my freÌ„des The noble maÌ„ly harte of Sthenius and also haue coarcted myne enemies to take the part of Marius against Sylla This was dooen in the ciuile battail betwene Mariê° and Sylla Here Pompeius greatly meruaillyng at the manly herte of this Sthenius said that he perdoned the Mamertines who had been persuaded by suche a manne â—oÌ„pâ—ius for the respecte of Stheniê° perdoned yâ— Maâ—niâ—tâ—ines as preferred his couÌ„tree aboue his own life and so deliuered bothe the citee and Sthenius In Sthenius ye haue an example what herte a prince ought to beare towarde the coÌ„menweale in case any perill or daungier dooe chauÌ„ce and in Pompeius a good lesson of placabilitee or myldenesse in that he was more propense to shewe honour vnto one that had a natural affeccion and zele toward his couÌ„tree then to execute his wrathe to the vttermost When he had passed ouer into Libya a parte of Afrike adâ—oâ—naunte to Egypte so named of Libâ—a yâ— wife of 〈◊〉 Iupiters soonne Libya against Domitius and had ouercomed thesame in a ‡ He calleth it a greate victorie for the saied Domitius a noble Senatour of Roome and consull with Messala peryshed in the battaill And of twentie thousande whiche he had in an armie there escaped aliue no mo but three thousande At this victorie Pompeius subdued all Aphrike into the power of the Romains And for this victorie was he surnamed Magnus and was called Pompeius the greate greate sore battaill his souldiours full whole salutyng hym with the title of Emperour he saied he would not take at their handes the honour of that high name as long as the trenches and bulwerkes of his enemies campe was standing whole This heard his soldiours The good couâ—age of Pompeius his souldyours although it wer theÌ„ a great raine to leat theim soodainly with all their might assaillyng the campe of their enemies woonne it and beate it down hande smoothe PoÌ„peius refused honour vntil he knew hymself to haue deserued it Thus the saied Pompeius refufed an honour not yet truely deserued with deedes Thesame Pompeius beeyng returned from the saied victorie The surname of Magnus when wherefore by whoÌ„ it was geuen to Pompeiê° was partely with other honours highly receiued by Sylla and also besydes other thynges he first of all gaue vnto hym the surname Magnus the greate But when Pompeius not satisfied wyth al this woulde nedes triumphe too Sylla would none therof because Pompeius was not yet of the degree of a senatour But when Pompeius had saied vnto the coumpaignie then preseÌ„te Sylla to bee ignoraunt that moo persones dooen worship the soonne when it ariseth Mo persones wurship the soonne whâ— it ariseth then when it gooeth downe saied Pompeius then when it gooeth down Sylla cryed with a loude voice leat hym triumphe He was strieken in fear of the courageous stomake of the freashe young manne PoÌ„peius triâ—mphed beeyng a veraye young manne not yet a Seâ—â—â—our and of his glorie dayly more and more encreasyng Neither sticked he or put any doubtes to geue place vnto suche an one as he sawe could in no wyse he brought to yeld an ynche to any manne lyuyng The menyng of Pompeius was that the people would bee more propense to fauour thâ— honour and glorie of a young manne comyng vpward and growâ—ng towardes the world as hymself was then of an olde manne beeyng almoste past and begynnyng to decaye as Sylla now did In the meane whyle euen against the tyme Seruilius a ioyly feloe and emong the hedde menne in the coÌ„menweale highly estemed was madde angrye that a * When any consull or other high Capitaine by the Senate people therunto deputed had holden greate warres and had with sauyng his owne armie or at leâ—t wyse with smal losse of menne achiued some notable high coÌ„queste or had gotteÌ„ some excelâ—ente victorie vpoÌ„ any foren nacion kyng or capitain to the high honour renoume and auauÌ„cemente of the commenweale of Roome or to the victorious enlargeyng of the empier of the same he should at his returnyng home bee receiued with all honour ioye solemnitee pompe and royaltee that might bee deuised He should haue to go before hym the kyng or capitaine by hym subdued all captiues taken in the warres he should haue pageauntes as gorgeously sette out as might bee of all the tounes castelles fortresses and people or prouinces by hym subdued hymself should ryde in a chairette moste goodly beseen bare hedded sauyng a garlande of laurell and after his taille should come his owne souldyours with all ioye mirth solace that was possible to bee made And this was called a triumphe the highest honour that might bee shewed Neither was it awarded to any manne but by the iudgemente of the whole armie with the decree of the Senate vpon thesame and consente of the whole vniuersall people nor without the â—esertes aboue rehersed triumphe was graunted to Pompeius The souldyours also not a fewe of theÌ„ made many stoppes lettes that there might bee no triuÌ„phe dooen not for that thei bare Pompeius any grutche but thei required to haue certain rewardes distributed emong theÌ„ as though the triumphe must haue been bought at their handes with greate largesse orels the souldiours thretened that thei would echemaÌ„ne for hymself catche awaye of the treasures and richesse that should bee carryed about in the triumphe And therfore the saied Seruilius and one Glaucia gaue hym aduise and counsaill rather willyngly to parte the saied money emong the souldyours theÌ„ to suffre it to bee taken awaye euery maÌ„ne a flyce by strong hande But wheÌ„ Pompeius had made theim aunswer that he would rather leat al alone and haue no triumphe at all Pompeius would rather make no triumphe at all theÌ„ flattre his souldyours or bye it with money then he would make any seekyng or entreactyng to his owne souldiours and euen with that woorde
sette down before theim the roddes bouÌ„den together with an axe in the middes garnyshed and decked with garlandes of laurel that thei should therof first begynne their spoyle if thei durst Naye ê™ Seruilius now I see the in veraye deede to bee Pompeius the greate and worthie to haue a triumphe What triumphe is honourable and shewe woorâ—â—â—â— For Pompeius iudged no triumphe to bee honourable and worthie shewe except that it wer as a thing in the waye of recompense or so duetie repaied to good demerites without any great suite makyng and without giftes geuyng It was the guyse in Roome The guyse custome in Roome for souldyours that had ben horsemen in the warres that the horsemeÌ„ whiche had been a conuenient space of tyme foorth in the warres should bryng forth their horse into a soleÌ„ne place appoincted before by the two officers called Censours Of the office of Censours in Roome it is afore noted in the xxxvii saiyng of Augustê° Caesar. and there after rehersall aswell of suche viages as thei had been in as also of the capitaines vnder whom thei had been in waiges accordyng to their demerites either to haue thanke and praise orels rebuke blame So Pompeius beeyng Consul euen in his owne persone came and brought his horse before Gallius and Lentulus then Censours How PoÌ„peius presented hymself his horse to Gallius and Lentulus the CeÌ„sours whiche persones accordyng to the custome and vsage demauÌ„dyng whether he had truely exercised and dooen all the partes and dueties to a souldyour belongyng yea ê™ Pompeius to the vttermust in al behalfes vnder myn owne self the lorde high capitaine Signifiyng Pompeius so executed the office of a capitaine that neuerthelesse he accomplished all the partes of an inferiour souldyer that he had in suche wyse executed ministred the office of a capitanie that he did neuerthelesse like no sleper accoÌ„plyshe all poinctes that euer belonged to an inferiour souldiour So was he one and the same manne bothe an especiall good capitaine The highest praise commendacion that a capitainâ— maye haue and a lustie valiaunte manne of his handes then the whiche praise and commeÌ„dacion there maye none higher or greater possible chaunce to a capitaine When he had in Spaine takeÌ„ the packette of * Sertorius was born in Nursia a toune of the Sabines and was a citezen of Roome at last an outlawe a banyshâ—d man of whom Plutarchus thus telleth Capitaines that haue been as good menne of warre as euer wer any haue lacked the one of their yies as Philippus Antigonus Anniball this Sortorius of whom no manne can denye but that he was a maÌ„ne more chaste of his bodye in absteinyng from womeÌ„ then Philippus more assured and feithfull to his frendes then Antigonus lesse fuâ—ious eagre on his enemies theÌ„ Annibal in witte inferiour to neuer an one of theim all but ferre behynd theim all in fortune whiche fortune although he found at all tymes more heauie and sore vnto hym then he found his enemies yeâ— did he matche to the vttermust in perfectenesse of warre Metellus in hardinesse of auenturyng PoÌ„peius in fortune Sylla in power the whole people of Roome beeyng a manne banyshed his owne countree and bearyng rewle emong the Barbarous that is to weete yâ— Portugalles whose couÌ„tree is called in latine Lusitania Sertorius his lettres in the whiche wer close trussed the lettres of capitaines not a fewe inuityng and callyng thesame Sertorius to Roome there for to make a newe turne of the worlde and to chaunge the state of the citee he burned the lettres euery one The moderacion and clemeÌ„cie of PoÌ„peius to the ende that he would geue vnto the caitifes tyme and occasion to repent and leue or power to chauÌ„ge their traitreous enteÌ„tes to better This historie like as it might well bee rekened in the noumbre of thynges vnwrathefully and prudentely dooen so doo I not see what it should make emong apophthegmes Albeeit right many of suche lyke sorte are found in the colleccions of Plutarchus If he had discryed their names thei would vndoubtedly by and by addressed theimselfes to a manifeste sedicion for veraye feare of punyshemente To opeÌ„ an other bodyes lettres or to discouer thynges coÌ„mitted to the by lettres sealed On the other syde in that he suppressed and kept secrete the lettres of his enemies he gaue a good lessoÌ„ what a greate offence it is to open other bodyes lettres or to crye at the high crosse what thou hast been putte in truste wtall by lettres vnder seale Unto Phraates kyng of the Parthians requiryng of hym by ambassadours to bee contented that the floodde ‡ Strabo in his werke of geographie that is to saie of the descripcioÌ„ of the yearth writeth that out of Niphates an hille in Armenia spryngeth and issueth Euphrates a greate a depe and a swifte riuer not ferre froÌ„ the riuer of Tigris It is the greate riuer of the Parthians and passyng through Babylon iâ— renneth into the redde sea In the first booke of Moses Euphrates is rekened one of the fower riuers whose fountaines or hedsprynges are in paradise Euphrates might bee the forthest marke for the boundes of the dominion of Roome How PoÌ„peius aunswered Phraates kyng of the ParthiaÌ„s requiryng that Euphrates might bee the boundes of the dominion of Roome naye ê™ he this wer a more meete requeste to bee made that iustice maie disseuer the boundes of the Romaines from the royalme of the Parthians Signifiyng not to bee any prescrâ—byng to the Romaines how ferre thei ought to extend their empier It was no â—â—â—scribyng to the Romaines â—ow ferre thei ought to extende their empier from daily enlargâ—yng wherof not hilles and flooddes ought theim to kepe backe but in suche place and none other euermore to bee appointed the limiâ—tes and boundes of the Segniourie of Roome where right would not suffre theim to passe any ferther WheÌ„ Lucius Lucullus after hauyng a long space folowed the trade of warre gaue hymself at the later cast vnto al sensualitee Luciê° Lucuâ—lus in his later daies gaue hymself altother to sensualitee ne would dooe any thyng but spend and make good chere and on a tyme called Pompeius foole for that thesame before he was of age conueniente had greate desire mynde to bee enwrapped in many coumbreous affaires What Poâ—peius saied oâ— Lucullus reprouyng hym for entreyng dooynges itâ— the commenweale oueâ— youÌ„g of age high dooynges Iwys ê™ Pompeius again much more out of season it is for an olde manne to bestowe hymself altogether on sensual delices then to bee an hed gouernour in a commenweale He greuously reproued the mynde and iudgemente of those persones whiche thynken that aged folkes should haue nomanâ—r thyng at all to dooe wheras it wer a gaye thyng for a manne hauyng the rewle and gouernaunce of a commenweale to dye eueÌ„ standyng on his foote And as for ryot and idlenesse
was the first that told the newes of the death of Alexandeâ— in Athenes Unto whom Demades an â—ratour saied that there was no credence to bee geuen allegeyng that it could none other wyse bee but al the whole vniuersall worlde to bee replenished and sâ—uffed with the odour of suche a dedde bodye euen yâ— first daye iâ— iâ— had been true that Alexander was dedde whose bryngyng vp noman could tell that Alexander was deceassed Anon out sterten yâ— oratours exhortyng the Atheniens to make no ferther delaie ne taryaunce but incontinente with all haste to begynne warre But Phocion willed theim What Phocion saied wheÌ„ the oratours of Athenes gaue theÌ„ coâ—â—â—asâ— to make warre vpon a rumour of the death of Alexander not bee ouer hastie vntil some more certain knowlage might bee had For saieth he if Alexander bee dedde this day he wil bee dedde the morowe too the nexte daye also He grauely restreigned and staied the heddie vndiscretenesse of the oratours When * Leosthenes was a manne at this tyme of greate authoritee and estimacion in Athenes who would not rest prouokyng the people to make warre vpon the residue of Grece vntill he had brought theim in mynde so to dooe And hymselfe was Capitain in thesame warre and fought a greate felde against Antipater and the Beocians and the Atheniens woonne the feldâ— But Leosthenes was slain in that battree And wheras the Atheniens myndyng to continue warre and perceiuyng Phociâ—â— to bee altogether against it had deuysed a wyle to haue onâ— Antiphilus succede Leosthenes and to put Phocion by lesâ— he would turne the warre into peace Phocion commaunded by proclamacion that as many as wer betwene the age of sixteen yeres seuentie should out of hande geat theim to their horsâ— and harnesse prouidyng theimselfes vitailles for fiue daieâ— to come and folowe hym This the people cryed out vpoÌ„ and thei that wer by reason of yeres ympoteÌ„te or vnhable or otherwise by the lawe discharged of gooyng to warre grutched a suche an vnreasonable proclamacion To whom PhocioÌ„ thuâ— aunswered why what wrong dooe I vnto you sens that I must goo foorth with you myself beeyng .lxxx. yeres olde Buâ— thus at the last he abated their hast towardes warre quieted the citee to kepe theimselfes at home in reste and peace Thiâ— annotacion maye serue for the perfecte elucidacion of the xviiâ— apophthegme Leosthenes had persuaded the citee of Athenes to make warre beeyng sette agog to thynke all the worlde otemele to imagin the recoueryng of an high name of freedome and of principalitee or soueraintee The woordeâ— of Leosthenes PhocioÌ„ likened to a cypres tree goodly to see to but in deede vnfruitefull Phocion affermed his woordes to bee sembleable vnto cypres trees yâ— whiche although thei bee of a greate highthe and goodly to behold yet haue no fruite ne goodnesse on theim Nothyng could possible haue been spoken to better purpose of talke that promiseth many gaye good morowes Uneth any tree more goodly to beholde afarre of theÌ„ the cypres tree nor in deede more barren and maketh ioyly royall warantiâ—e of thynges in wordes but without any effecte or comyng to passe of deedes euen sembleably as the cypres tree ‡ The Cypres tree saieth Plinius in the .xxxiii. chapitur of the xvi volume is elfishe and frowarde to spryng vp of a fruitâ— that maye well bee spared of beries euilfauouredly wythered and shronken of leafe bittur of sauour rammyshe and not so muche as for geuyng shadowe to bee loued or sette by oâ— boughes branches and leaues no more but here and there onâ— in maner euen like a litle thynne shrubbe c. shootyng vp into the aier with a toppe of a great highthe and growyng sharpe with a bushe greate beneth and smal aboue of a trymme facion semeth a ferre of to make assured warauÌ„tise of some especiall gaye thyng and yet in deede there is almoste no tree more barren But when the first begynnyng of thesame warre had happyly fortuned for as is aboue noted thei woonnâ— the first feldeâ— and vainquâ—shed the Beociansâ—â— putte Antipater to â—light the citee for the prosperous tydynges therof gaue laude and thankes to the goddes with sacrifice * high solemnitee PhocioÌ„ beeyng demauÌ„ded whether he would not with his good wille haue had yesame thynges so dooeÌ„ The constaÌ„cie of PhocioÌ„ in not repeÌ„tyng his good couÌ„saill geuen though the coÌ„trarie happened well and luckely saied yes veralye my wille was neuer other but to haue all executed and dooen eueÌ„ as it hath been now but that not withstandyng I am yet still of this mynde that I would the other waye had been decreed Menyng Thynges vndiscretely purposed dooen many tymes succede well but yet the best wayes are euermore to bee taken that thynges also without all wyâ—edome or good aduise purposed haue at many tymes prosperous and luckye happe and that as often as thesame dooeth so chaunce the partes of menne is to reioyce in the behalf of the commenweale but yet that menne ought not for any sucâ—e respecte or cause Not the begynnyng of â—hynges but the last ende must declare whether thesamâ— was well aâ—â—eÌ„pted or not not to purpose euermore the best and take the best wayes Yea and par auenture this ranne in Phocions hedde that menne ought not euen at the first choppe to putte assured truste and confidence in the luckie chaunces that happen at the first begynnyng of thynges but that the later ende of all the whole maâ—ier must bee it that shalâ— deâ—â—sâ—e of what sorte the first attemtyng â—â—ppoâ—â—â—emente of thesame entreprise was When the * Read of this in the apophtheâ—mâ— note next afore goyng And of the same matierâ— read in the xviâ— apophthegme of this Phocion Macedonians had by â—orceable entreaunce broken into the couÌ„tree of Attica and destroyed the sea costes of thesame round about Phocion tooke forth with hym a coumpaignie of young menne beeyng in their best luste age of whom soondrie persones hastyly approchyng vnto hym and like as if thei had been capitains geuyng hym couÌ„saill that he should by preueÌ„cion geat to a certain hillocke that was euen there in sight of the Macedonians and should in thesame pitche his campe and there sette his footemen This is adâ—ded out of Plutarchus in â—he life of Phocion other some affermyng to bee best that â—e should soodainly enuiâ—on the saied Macedoâ—ians with his horsemeÌ„ and other â—ome taking â—pon theim to teache hym to sette vpon his enemies oâ—e out of one place an other out of another place one this waye and another that way oh god Hercules ê™ Phocion what a mayny of capitaines I see here Many Capitaines fewâ— good souldyours ê™ Phocion and good souldyours woondreous fewe Notyng yâ— vnaduisednesse â—â—ndiscretâ— facion of young folkes whiche was so prest to take in haÌ„de to lede teache the capitain wheras the duetie and parte of a souldyour
death with suche an innocente and good manne as Phocion was At his last houre when the bruage of wyne and the iuice of hemlocke tempreed together was brought vnto hym Of yâ— maner of puttyng coÌ„deÌ„ned ê‘sones to death in Athenes reade afore in the annotacion of yâ— liiii apoph of Socrates one demaunded of hym whether he wer disposed anythyng to saie vnto his soonne for thesame was there present Dere soonne ê™ Phocion I bothe streightely charge and commaunde the What Phocion saied to his soonne at the houre of his death and also right hertyly desire and praie the neuer to beare towardes the Atheniens any grutche or malice for the remeÌ„breaunce of this matier To other persones when thei suffre execucion the chief coumforte that thei commenly haue is the hope of their death to beâ— afterward auenged The â—ntiâ—â—â—â—ele affeccioÌ„ of Phocioâ—Ì„ toward his couÌ„trâ—e but PhocioÌ„ did all that in hym laie to prouide that the soonne should not reuenge the wrongfull murdreyng of his own father and was more desireous that the same should beare tendre zele affeccion toward his countree then toward his pareÌ„te Unto Nicocles makyng instaunt requeste for liceÌ„ce to suppe of his parte of the poyson before yâ— PhocioÌ„ should well ê™ PhocioÌ„ though this bee an harde thyng to obtein and muche against my stomake PhocioÌ„ loued and fauoured Nicocles singuâ—arly well yet must it nedes bee graunted vnto that manne whoÌ„ I neuer saied naye of any thyng in all my life tyme. Phocion had euermore borne singuler loue affeccioÌ„ towardes Nicocles the mosâ— feithful and truest herted manne emong al the frendes he had Nicocles the moste trustie frende that PhocioÌ„ had and for yâ— coÌ„sideracion it would haue been a greate greef to yâ— herte of Nicocles to see the other passyng out of this worlde Whiche greef to auoid he desired to drynke first hymself And in this thyng also did Phocion shewe pleasure to his frende When all the cast menne sauyng he alone had droonken The price of an ounce of Hemlocke iuice in Athenes and onely Phocion was remainyng vnserued by reason that yâ— poison had been all consumed by the others the hangmaÌ„ saied plainly and swore that he would not serue hym except there wer laied down in his hande twelf good drachmes litle vnder â—â— s sterlyng for an ounce of hemlocke iuice he saied would coste not a ferthing lesse PhocioÌ„ therfore to th eÌ„de that his death might not bee delaied or slacked through the feloes brableyng What PhocioÌ„ saied wheÌ„ the hangman would not ministre the pâ—ison vnto him without mâ—ney to one of his frendes purposely called spake thus Forasmuche as it is so saied he that in the citee of Athenes a maÌ„ne cannot dye neither but he must paie for it I beseche you hertyly paie the hangman here his askyng When Demosthenes was buisie castyng out many blouddie woordes against Alexander beeyng now at the veraye poincte to wynne and entre the citee of Thebes Phocion tooke hym vp with this greke verse of Homere How PhocioÌ„ rebuked Demostenes caâ—tyng foorth many â—ailling woordes aâ—aâ—â—â— AlexaÌ„derâ— out of the first booke of the werke entitleed Odyssea 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 O weked creature what phansie hast thou Suche a â—oure feloe to prouoke now THE SAIYNGES OF MARCVS TVLLIVS CICERO Of Marcus Tullius Cicero to speake as his worthinesse requireth wâ—r to write an infinite volume couched replenished with whole â—eapes of laudes praisesâ— But for this preseÌ„t puâ—pose place it shal be enough to saie yâ— he lyneally deâ—ceÌ„ded from the hous of Tullius an annciente â—yng of the Uolsces But as the worlde and all thynges are full of chaunges so in long processe of yeres the ioylitâ—e of that bloudde and name fell to dâ—câ—ye and to ignobilitee Albeit eueÌ„ in the tyme of Cicero the Tullies remained in the degre and acceptacion of gentlemen and Cicero euen at his first comyng to Rome enioyed thâ— degree of a gentlemanâ— and lyke as he was vnder the estate of the Senatours â—hiche weâ— lordes so was he aboue the condicion and degre of the yeomanrie or comenaltie his father was called Tullius a manne of no greate name ne porte his mothers name Olbia a riche woman He was born in a toune of the Uolsces called ArpinuÌ„â— free of Roome to enioye all maniâ—r frauÌ„chesses libertees priuileges and offices in thesame Neuerthelesse al suche persones as neuer had their parentes dwâ—llyng in Roome ne beaâ—yng any magistrate or office there wer called noâ—â— homines newe men that is to saie come of straungiâ—rs and menne vnknowen to beare autoritee and rewle in the citee Tullius was at last the father of all eloquence a greate writer of bookes in all kyndes and a manne as Pliâ—ius of hym saiyth for witte and eloquence out of all comparison he gotte vp by litle and litle to beare offices in Roome euen to the veraye â—onsulship and that wiâ—h as muche honour aâ—toritâ—e glorie and renoume as euer manne did in somuche that he was yâ— first that euer was called in Roome parens patriae the â—ather of his â—ountree that is to saie the onely sauer kepeâ— of thâ— countree Neuerthelesse was he at lengtâ— banyshed his hous in despite beateÌ„ throwen down to the hard grounde but at last he was fette home again of their owne accorde and receiued with suche honour as neâ—er was any maÌ„ne there before or sens and had a newe hous builded for hym at the charges of the citee twys sâ— good double so faire as his owne was afore In fine he was by the permission suffreaunce of Augustus Caesar with all vilanie possible â—lain at the coÌ„maundement of Marcus Antoniê° his enemie who caused his right hande with whiche he had writen to bee strieken of and his â—oung to bee cut out of his hedde with whiche he had made many noble oraciâ—s before the Seâ—nate and pâ—ople of Roome And after that the saied Antonius had â—had his hedde presented iâ— a dyshe at his table and had â—aciated his mostâ—â—râ—ell yies with the contemplacion of it he caused thesame for extreme contumelie and despite to bee nailled vp in the place that was called â—ostra where Tullius had before that tyme proâ—ounced many a sore inuectiue against hym MArcus Tullius Maâ—cê° Tullius muche ieâ—ted at for the surname of Cicero forasmuche as he was muche tested on for the surname of * As touchyng the surname of Cicero it is to bee noted yâ— this Marcus Tullius right well knowyng his owne petigree and aâ—ncestrie resumed the surname of the stocke from whiche he was descended For the first Tullius was surnamed Cicero of a litle piece of fleashe growyng in the syde of his nose like to a cicer whiche is a litle puitz muche like to a pease some there been that call it the fatche but I doubte whether truely or not But in tyme of olde antiquitee a commen thynge it
Themistocles rather then Pericles seeyng that the cases of Themistocles Pompeius wer nothyng like at all and the cases of Pericles Pompeius muche what of a rate in all behalfes For Themistocles fledde vnto the Persians Pericles remained still resyaunt in Athenes WheÌ„ he was come to Pompeius and repented his foly of comyng beeyng asked the question where he had left Piso his soonne in lawe What Cicero saied to Pompeiê° demaundyng where he had left Piso his sonne in lawe mary ê™ he with your father in lawe Speakyng by Iulyus Caesar. Cicero euen like as though he had had halfe a rubuke for that he had separated and deuided hymself from Piso who had marryed his doughter Piso marryed yâ— doughter of Cicero tooke part with Caesar. PoÌ„peiê° had marryed yâ— doughter of Caesar yet warred against hym gaue Pompeius again taunte pour tauÌ„te for that yesame kept warre against his owne father in lawe whose doughter he had marryed WheÌ„ a certain persone hauyng renne awaye from Caesar to Pompeius saied that for greate desire to make haste he had left his horse behynd hym in Caesars campe marie ê™ Cicero theÌ„ hast thou dooen better by thy horse then by thy self Estemyng that the feloe should haue dooen muche better if hymself had taryed still with Cesar too To a feloe bryngyng tydynges that Caesars frendes wer all sadde and in their dumpes Plutarchus saieth that one Lentulê° tolâ— these newes That is eueÌ„ as muche ê™ Cicero as to saie that thei thynk a mischief on hym He mocked the flateryng brynger of newes as though Caesars mennes hertes wer in their heles and thei sore afeard of Pompeius After the battaill foughten in Pharsalia when Pompeius was fledde one Nonius saied Of this battaill is aboue meÌ„cioned in the saiynges of Caâ—sar and Pompeius that there wer seuen eagles yet left therefore encouraged the souldyours to bee of good chere and to take their hertes to theim Thy cheeryng wer veray good O Nonius What Cicero saied wheÌ„ one Nonius would with seuen â—egles crye a newe feld aâ—ainst Caesar at Phatsalium saied Cicero if our warre should bee against Iaies But Nonius wheÌ„ he saied eagles spakâ— of yeâ—omaines baners or staÌ„dardes which had euermore the picture of an eagle displaied on theim The menyng of Cicero was that for their seuen eagles Caesar who had alreadie vanquyshed theim and aâ—ainsâ— whem thei had to fight the nâ—we felde had tenne and that he had in his armie no dastardes but experte souldyours yea better menne of their handes then Pompeius had any In deede a iaie is nothyng in the talauntes of an eagle but an eagle to an eagle is a full matche tenne eagles to seueÌ„ is an ouermatche WheÌ„ Caesar beeyng lorde of all had with muche honour sette vp in their places again What Cicero saied wheÌ„ Caesar sette vp again the images of Pompeiê° in their places the images of Pompeius whiche some bodye had in despight cast down Cicero saied Caesar whyle he restoreth the images of Pompeius to their olde places dooeth sette vp and stablyshe his owne sure for euer Dooyng to weete that Caesar did not thesame for any fauour that his herte did beare toward Pompeius but to the ende that by the coulourable sembleauÌ„ce of mercifulnesse hymself might purchace fauour emong the citezens and by suche meanes might establyshe his owne reigne and dominacion yâ— longer to endure So carefull was Marcus Tullius to tell his tale after a good perfecte sorte and would bestowe so thoughtful study on such a matier that no woord might bee placed out of square The carefulnesse of Marcus Tulliê° â— studie that no woorde in his oracioÌ„ might bee amysse or out of frame that where he had an oracioÌ„ to make before the benche of iudges whiche wer called ‡ The people of Roome wer diuided into thirtie fiue tribes aâ— the citee of London is into twentie fiue wardes Out of euery tribe wer elected froÌ„ tyme to tyme as cause required three men to assemble for iudgeyng in sprciall cases of controuersie betwene partie and partie Their iudgemeÌ„tes and sittynges wer called centumuiralia iudicia the iudgementes of the hundred persones And the benche self though thei wer an hundred and fiue persones in all yet wer thei of the greater and the more woorthie noâ—mbre called centumuiri and not centum quinque uiri Centumuiri and the daie was come euen at hande he made free one Erote a bondeman of his for onely bryngyng hym tydynges that the sittyng was adiourned and putte of one daie ferther theÌ„ had been appoincted at the first Eros a bondeman of Cicero vpoÌ„ what cause he was made free This historie also hath some bodye putte in emoÌ„ges the apophthegmes wheras in deede it is none And yet as I haue afore noted any facte or exaumple that maye bee to vs anhoneste lesson or instruccion thouh it contein no woorde at all maye woorthely bee estemed to haue the strength name and place of anâ— apophthegme And suche good exaumpleâ— dooeth not Plutarchus refuse ne abhorre to putte in emong his apophthegmes as namely this presente historie of Cicero his facion And would Christe our grene prechers now of daieâ— whiche haue neither shame ne feare to steppe in to pulpites ere thei can well construe the gospelâ— or epistle whiche thei boldely take vpon theiâ— to preache wer of Cicero his modestie and careâ—fulnesse in this behalf At his arriuall into the campe of Pompeius vnto suche as saied ah Cicero ye are come tardie No neuer a whitte tardie ê™ he again for I see nothyng here yet in a readynesse He alluded to suche as come late to a dyner or supper The myrth of the saiyng to come tardie is grounded vpon the â—ouble menyng of the woorde tardie for thei come tardie that come late to the begynnyng and thei come tardie that come when all is past and dooen When Pompeius had admitted a certain galle free citezeÌ„ of Roome How Cicero taunted PoÌ„peius for makyng a Galle free citezen of Roome because yesame had forsaken Caesar for to come to bee on his syde A gaye feloe in deede ê™ Cicero to promise aliens the citee of other menne wheras he is not hable to restore vnto vs our propre owne After the victorie and conqueste of Caesar Cicero beeyng asked the questioÌ„ How Cicero was beguiled to leaue Caesar and cleuâ— to PoÌ„peius how he had so ferre missed the cushyn in chosyng of partes saied In feith the gyrdyng of their gounes deceiued me Caesar went in his goune wantoÌ„ly girâ— about hym Menyng hymself neuer to had trusted that the victorie would haue gon on suche a nyce effeminate persones syde With what wordes Sylla would ofteÌ„ tymes warnâ— Pompeiê° to beware of Caesar. For Caesar vsed to goo after suche sorte girded in his goune that he would goo euen as wanton or volupteous feloes dooen traillyng after hym the skyrtes of his goune
knowen as if thei wer true in veraye deâ—de Marcus Caelius more effectuously laiyng crymes to meÌ„nes charges then defendyng thesame What Cicero saied of Marcê° Caeliê° who could better laie to mannes charges then defend theim he aâ—ouched to haue a good right hande an eiuill left hande Alludyng herunto that at suche tyme as wee fight in the right hand wee hold our sweorde and in the lieft hande our bucler With the sweorde wee laie on with the bucler wee beare of Marcus Caelius an oratour of excellente witte and of singulare eloquence to whom Cicero writeth many epistles and Caelius many to hym again so purely wel endited that Cicero thought theim worthie to bee put in emong his owne epistles whiche honour he geueth but vnto fewe persones and Cicero in his epistles familiare is not ashamed to confesse hymself to be â—â—feriour to Caelius in witte faceciousnesse Iubius Curtius lyyng like a dog of the yeres of his age to the ende that he might bee thought youÌ„ger theÌ„ he was in deede Cicero thus proued a lyer How Cicero proued Iubius Curtius â— lyer why saieth he then at what seasoÌ„ you and I wer young scholares first and exercised makyng of oracions together ye wer not borne Unto Fabia Dolobella saiyng hirself to bee thirtie yeres of age How Cicero mocked Fabia Dolobella dissembleyng hir age it is true ê™ Cicero for thesame haue I heard euery daye these twentie yeres alreadie Hir desire was to bee thought youÌ„ger theÌ„ she was in deede Therefore Cicero mocked hir to thâ— harde teeth with sembleyng that he graunted hir saiyng and neuerthelesse signifiyng that she was fiftie yeres olde To suche as made it a matier of reproche that beeyng a manne of three score yeres of age How Ciceâ—â— auoided the reproche of marryyng a youÌ„g maide in his olde age he had marryed a young * Cicero beeyng an aged maÌ„ne diuorced his wife Terentia with whom he had liued many yeres The causes of deuorcemente wer these That she had so slendrely regarded hym that when he should take his iourney toward warrefare he was drieuen 〈◊〉 goo veraye barely prouided of all manier necessarie prouisioÌ„ Besides this after that he was returned home again froÌ„ thens into Italie he found his wife coumbresome crabbed snappyshe vnto hym Item whereas he made longe abode at BrundusiuÌ„ hir self would not take peines to come thither to hym yet wheÌ„ his doughter Tulliola should take hir iourney thither Terentia leâ—t hir go with a veraye slendre porcioÌ„ of money towardes hir charges Ouer and besides all this she had leat hiâ— hous fall sore in decaye and had made the walles of it bare â— brought it sore behynde hande in debte All these articles Terentia denyed but Cicero with a longe oracion proued euery one of theim to bee true Within fewe dayes after he marryeâ— a young giâ—rle beeyng rauyshed with hir beautie as Terentiâ— affâ—rmed but as Tiro his late seruaunt auouched to thenteÌ„tâ— that he might bee hable to paie and discharge his debte For the maiden had a greate dourie and was a veraye riche marryage Not long after this newe marryage the doughter of Cicâ—ro dyâ—d for whom he tooke woondrefull sorowe And because hiâ— younge wife semed to bee gladde of the death of Tulliola Cicero forsooke hir toâ— and putte hir awaye from hym by diâ—oâ—â—â— damyselle beeyng a maide well ê™ he to morowe she shal bee a woman Declaryng by a mery woorde thatsame reproche to beâ— a thyng that would with a tryce bee washed awaye for the nexte morowe folowyng it could not bee obiected vnto hym that he had a maide to his wife Thesame Cicero in this manier pleasauntely iested on Curio How Câ—cerâ— mocked Curio begynnyng his oracioÌ„s alwayeâ— of his age who at no tyme would faill to begynne the preaumble of any oracion makyng of his olde age that he affermed thesame to haue the proemes of his oracioÌ„s euery one daye more easie and light to make then other By reasoÌ„ of age growyng euery daye more and more vpon hym Yet on s again for a cast more at Vaâ—inius Uatiniê° moâ—ked of Cicero for saiyng that he had walkeâ— a couple of myles who although he wer sore diseased in his feete vtterly lamed with the goute would nedes yet neuerthelesse appere to bee veraye well emended and saied that he was hable now to take a walke of a couple of myles at ons yea I thynke well ê™ Cicero for the daies are a good deale longer then thei wer This apophthegme doeth Quintâ—lian attribute vnto Cicero and Macrobius vnto Augustus Caesar. It iâ— afore tâ— the .xxx. apophthegme of Augustuâ— There gooeth â—nother tale about at this daye also euen as â—ery as this sauyng that it hath not sembleable antiquitee ne auncientenesse to coÌ„mende and sette it out withall A certain lauÌ„ceâ— knight made his vauÌ„te at a banquette where he was that he had a crossebowe so good of castyng that it would send a bolte or a quarrell of suche a fersenesse as no maÌ„ aliue could beleue or thynke and named a certain space Al the coumpaignie whiche sate at the table cryyng foh at suche a shamefull lye he abode by it that his owne seruauÌ„te had seen the thyng dooen The seruaunte beeyng called in how saiest thou sirrha ê™ his maiâ—ster diddest not thou see suche a thyng and suche a thyng dooenâ— Then saied the seruaunte Yes sir ye tell a true tale but at that tyme when ye shotte the wynde was with you It had been muche meryâ—r if he had saied yes sir your quarell flewe so ferre as yâ— speake of in deede but it was at two shottes Cicero after hearyng the false ruâ—mour that was bruited of yâ— death of Vatinius What Cicero said to Ouiniê° of bruit of Uatinius his death when he had enquiered of one Ouinius late seruaunte with thesame Ouiniê° a late seruaunte of Uatinius by hym manuissed whether all wente well the partie aunswered yea veraye well why is he dedde in deede theÌ„ ê™ Cicero Signifiyng that all went not right if Uatinius wer still aliue Thesame Cicero beeyng called foorth for a witnesse to geue euidence when he had read in the bill of complainte Ennius an olde auncient latine poete of greate autoritee whom Cicero veray often tymes citeth in soondrie his werkes The defendaunte sued by Sextus Annalis and this accuser still called buisyly vpon hym in this manier speake on o Marcus Tullius if thou caÌ„st any thyng saie of Sextus Annalis he begoonne by by to recite versis out of the sixth booke of the werke of Ennius entitleed Annales What difference is betwene histories and annales such as be learned maye read in yâ—â—viii chapitur of yâ— v. booke of Aulus Gelliê°â— in this manier Quipotes ingentis causas euoluere belle c. For Ennius wrote in verses a cronicle of â—ctes dooen from yere to yere in ordre as thei wer dooen and
he auouched in all those praises to bee not so muche as one poincte comely for a kyng To drynke well is a proprete mete for a spouÌ„ge but not for a maÌ„ For the first he saied belonged to women the secounde to sophistes or rhetoricians and the thirde to spounges * This ambassade was at thesame tyme when Demochares saied to Philippus that he might do to the Atheniens muche pleasure if he would put his necke in an halter and hang hym self Wherof read the .xxxv. apoph of the saied Philippus Demosthenes had writteÌ„ vpon hiâ— shilde in lettres of golde 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 writeâ— about Demostâ—â—nes his bucler in lâ—tters of â—olde Good fortune Yet neuerthelesse when it was come to handie strokes ‡ This was at the battaill in Cherronea wherof is afore spoâ—â—en iâ— the .vii. apophthegme of Philippus in whiche battaill he subdued and conquiered all Grece And of this battaill Deâ—osthenes was the chief procurer and setter on in so muche that he onely persuaded the Thebanes and others therunto and was one of the chief ryngleders and capitaines hymself in so muche that the kyng of the Persians wrote letters about to â—is nobles in all places that thei should aide Demosthenes with money enough on all sydeâ— for the suppressyng of Philippus The battaill waâ— kept in Châ—rronea the countree of Plutarchus at Thermodon Whiche Thermodon as the reporte gooâ—th saieth Plutarchus shuld bee a litle preatie floudde renâ—yng into the riuer of Cephisus But thesame Plutarchus saieth that he knoweth no suche flodde there about of yâ— namâ— nor yet in any place of al Cherronea Neuerthelesse he beleueth that the floudde HaemoÌ„ whiche renneth along by Heraclium where the Grekes at that tyme pitched their caÌ„pe against Philippus was at the first in olde tyme called Thermodon and froÌ„ that battaill foorthward thesame to haue taken the appelacioÌ„ of Haemon because it was then filled vp with dedde corpses â—nd with bloudde For 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is greke for bloudde But this was suchâ— a sore battaill that Philippus feared Demosthenes all daies of his life after for that thesame had persuaded the Grekes to battaill Demosthenes euen at the first meetyng cast shilde and all awaye from hym togoo as fast as his legges might beare hym This poincte beeyng cast in his nose in the waye of mockage reproche How Demosthenes aâ—oided yâ— reproche of rennyng aâ—waye in battaill that he had in battaill cast awaye his bucler and taken hym to his heeles Plutarchus saieth that Pytheas it was whiche thus mocked Demosthenes for his mannely rennyng â—waye like a pretie maÌ„ne he auoided it with a litle verse commen in euery bodyes mouthe * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is I maÌ„ thaâ—â—leeth will renewe battaill again is a prouerbiall verse as Erasmê° in his chiliâ—des admonysheth by whiche we are warned not by and by to be brought in despaire if some thyng hauâ— not well come to our passe For though a manne bee now ouerâ—omed he maye at an other tyme haue better happe Wherof Homere calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is now stroÌ„g on the one syde now on the other And Alexander Pariâ— the soonne of Priamus kyng of Troie thus speaketh in Homere 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Uictorie chaungeth from parte â—o parte And thesame AlexaÌ„der in an other place again saieth Menelaus now through Pallas hath wonne And so shall I at an other season So Dauus in Terence Hac non successit alia aggredienduÌ„ est uia that is This waye it will not frame ne faie Therefore must we proue another waye So mened Demoâ—sthenes that though he had had missehappe at that season yeâ— an other more propice tyme should come when his chauncâ— should bee to dooe his countree better seruice c. And this waâ— a meetely honeste excuse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That same manne that renneth awaye Maye again fight an other daye Iudgeyng that it is more for the benefitâ— of ones couÌ„tree to renne awaye in battaill then to lese his life For a dedde manne can fight no more but who hath saued hymself aliue by rennyng awaye maye in many battailles mo doo good seruice to his couÌ„trâ— At leste wise if it bee a poincte of good seruice to renne awaye at al tymes when the counâ—ree hath moste nede of his helpe to sticke to it When Alexander on this condicion offreed peace vnto the Athenienâ— if thesame would yeld vp into his handes eight of the citezens How Demosthâ—nâ—s escaped beeyng deliuered into the handes of Aâ—â—xaÌ„der emoÌ„g whoÌ„ Demosthenes to bee one Demostheâ—nes told vnto theim the tale of the woulf who vpon this condicion offreed peace vnto the sheepe if yâ— same would yeld and deliuer hym their dogges that kept hym from the folde Under the name of the woulf betokenyng AlexaÌ„der by the dogges menyng those persones who at that present season had the cure and charge of all the publique affaires and by the sheepe signifiyng the commenaltie of the Atheniens He added moreouer an other exaumple As the mercatemenne saieth he dooe bryng out a litle modicum of wheate or other corne in a treendishe for a saumple or shewe Who betraieth the gouernours rewlers betraieth the whole people couÌ„tree desiryng by thesame to sell whole greate heapes so ye if ye betraie and deliuer vp the eight citezens whiche are demaunded of you ye betraie deliuer the whole vniuersall people euery mothers chylde When Demosthenes beeyng condemned of the Areopagites Of Arâ—opagus the Areopagites it is afore noted had escaped out of prieson was rennyng * The cause of the banyshemente of Demosthenes was this There was one Haâ—palus of whoÌ„ it is afore mencioned who partely of remorse and conscience of eiuill handleyng hymself in matiers committed vnto his fidelitee and partely for that he sawe AlexaÌ„der begyn to weaxe veraye rigorous and sore to his frendes fled out of Asia and came to Athenes And wheÌ„ hâ— had with certain shippes and greate substaunce of money submitted hymself to the pleasure and wylle of the people of Athenes the other oratours counsailled the people to receiue proâ—ecte hym but Demosthenes at the first begynnyng gaue theim counsaill in no wyse to receiue hym but to bee well aware lest thei should by reason of hym areise battaill of an vniuste and vnreasonable cause Within fewe daies after wheÌ„ Harpalus who by like had a good insight in suche matiers espiyng and markyng Demosthenes to haue an earneste yie a greate fansie vnto a goodly cuppe of golde that was of excellente werkmanshipâ— caused thesame to bee weighed Demosthenes muche woondreed at the weight of the cuppe and demaunded what the cuppe drawed menyng of weight in the balaunce I wys ê™ Harpalus smylyng vpon hym it shall drawe you twentie talentes and the nexte night folowyng sent vnto Demosthenâ—s the saied cuppe of golde secretely twentie