Selected quad for the lemma: hand_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
hand_n	call_v	great_a	king_n	4,654	5	3.5737	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57249	The compleat statesman, or, The political will and testament of that great minister of state, Cardinal Duke de Richilieu from whence Lewis the XIV ... has taken his measures and maxims of government : in two parts / done out of French.	Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, duc de, 1585-1642.; Du Chastelet, Paul Hay, marquis, b. ca. 1630.	1695 (1695)	Wing R1418; ESTC R35327	209,076	398

Your Majesty's Innocence is the more apparent in that your Ambassador never enter'd into any Treaty with that Conquerour until Six Months after his entring into Germany which evidently justifies that the Conditions that were made with the said Prince were the Remedy of the Evil of which they could not be esteem'd the Cause The Treaties that were made not only with that Great King but also with many other Princes of Germany are the more just in that they were absolutely necessary for the safety of the Duke of Mantua unjustly attack'd and for that of all Italy over which Spain had no less Right than over the Dominion of that poor Prince since they thought their Convenience a sufficient Right The Danger this Kingdom had been reduc'd to by the Division the Spaniards had openly fomented in your Royal House oblig'd your Majesty to seek out proper Expedients to resettle it Monsieur having left the Court of France for the third time by divers Artifices which the Spaniards certainly were the principal Authors of and the Cardinal Infant having receiv'd the Queen your Mother in Flanders as he did at that time it is natural to conclude that unless those good Neighbours had been employ'd at home they would have proceeded farther and would have employ'd themselves at your Majesty's Cost in this Kingdom It was absolutely necessary to remove the Storm and moreover to prepare to sustain the Effort of it in case it could not be avoided For that reason after your Majesty was assur'd of a potent Diversion you did like those who in order to prevent the Plague which the Corruption of the Air threatens them with carefully purge themselves being perswaded that the best and safest way to secure themselves from external Injuries is to cleanse the Inside God's Providence prov'd so favourable to you on that occasion that those who animating the Queen and Monsieur against France thought thereby to put them in a way to do it a great deal of Harm only rendred them incapable of doing any and your Conduct appear'd so much the more wonderful on that occasion that in recalling the one and desiring the return of the other your Goodness towards them was evident to all the World while the Effects of your Justice fell upon those who had advis'd them to take such ill Measures The Duke de Bellegarde was depriv'd of the Government of Burgundy and consequently of the Keyes of the Gates he had open'd to Monsieur to let him out of the Kingdom The Duke d' Elboeuf was likewise turn'd out of that of Picardy which your Majesty had lately given him The Duke of Guise being conscious of his Faults retiring into Italy when you call'd him to Court there to give an Account of his Actions that Criminal Retreat made him lose the Government the late King your Father had honour'd him with Thus your Majesty was deliver'd of ungrateful faithless Governours and Burgundy Picardy and Provence Provinces of great Consideration remain'd in your Hands free from those dangerous Spirits You gave the first to the first Prince of your Blood who was passionately desirous of it and thereby you prudently interess'd him in the Affairs of the Time and fill'd Monsieur with anxious Thoughts who with reason dreaded nothing so much in the World as the Establishment of a Person who came up so close to him You bestow'd the Second on the Duke of Chevreuse a Prince of Lorrain to shew that Faults are personal and that your Indignation extended only on those of that Family who had made themselves guilty by their ill Conduct You gratify'd the Marshal de Vitri with the Third as well upon the account of his Loyalty as because that being upheld by your Authority he was naturally capable to oppose him who had lost it In the mean time the Declarations you caus'd to be Register'd in the Parliament were highly approv'd of by every body seeing that in condemning the Authors and Adherents of the Queen and of Monsieur's Flight you excus'd those two Persons who are as dear as nearly related to your Majesty altho' the contrary had been done formerly on the same occasions Your Majesty eluded with a great deal of Vigilancy divers Designs and many Enterprizes meditated and attempted in the Queen and Monsieur's Names and you shew'd so much Patience on those unhappy Occurrences that I may almost affirm that you made nothing known of their Ill Conduct but what you could not dissemble Nevertheless in order to stop the Course and remove the License wherewith all things seem'd lawful to be undertaken under their Shadow you caus'd the Marshal de Marillac's Head to be cut off with so much the more reason that being condemned with Justice the present Constitution of the State requir'd a great Example Those great and vexatious Affairs did not hinder you from repressing with as much Authority as Reason certain Enterprizes of the Parliament of Paris which had been tolerated in many other occasions which is more remarkable in that it was done during the Heat of the Discontents of the Queen and of Monsieur and of all their Adherents than for the thing it self Afterwards Monsieur enter'd France with Sword in Hand at the Instigation of the Spaniards and of the Duke of Lorrain with Forces of which those good Neighbours had furnish'd the greatest part One should have thought that the News your Majesty receiv'd at that time of his being expected in Languedoc by the D. de Montmorency who had a great Authority in that Province which he was Governour of should have put a stop to the Design which had led you in Lorrain to disingage that Duke out of the ill Party he had espous'd but finishing what you had begun to so good an end you caus'd Monsieur your Brother to be pursu'd so close by the Marshal de Schomberg and you follow'd him so soon your self after having receiv'd three Places from the Duke of Lorrain as Pledges of his Faith that all the Efforts of those who were Leagu'd against you prov'd ineffectual The Victory which your Majesty's Forces commanded by that Marshal obtain'd at Castelnaudari was as certain an Argument of the Blessing of God on your Majesty as the Favours you afterwards granted to Monsieur and to his Followers when the ill state of his Affairs might have induc'd you to use them otherwise was an evident Testimony of your Goodness The Sincerity wherewith you observ'd all the Promises which were made to them in your Name at Beziers tho' you were sensible that Puy-Laurens's only Design was to avoid the Danger he was in under the pretence of Repentance which he could avoid no other way was also as Authentick a Proof of your Majesty's great Courage as of your inviolable Faith The Chastisement of the Duke de Montmorency who never could contain himself from making an Inlet to all manner of dangerous Rebellions at all times and particularly when an Heir apparent of the Crown made himself by ill Counsel Head

would be pleas'd often to call to mind what I have represented several times to you That no Prince can be in a worse Condition than he who not being always able to do those things himself which he is oblig'd to do is loth to permit others to do them for him and that to be capable to suffer himself to be serv'd is not one of the least Qualities a great King can have seeing that otherwise occasions are often sooner fled than Men can dispose themselves to take hold of them whereby favourable Conjunctures for the advancement of the State are lost for Subjects of no consideration The late King your Father being reduc'd to a great Necessity paid his Servants with good Words and made them do things by Caresses which his Necessity did not allow him to incline them to any other way Your Majesty not being of that Constitution has a natural driness which you take from the Queen your Mother as herself has often told you in my presence which hinders you from imitating the late King on this Subject I cannot forbear representing to you that it is your Interest to do good to those who serve you and that at least it is reasonable to take particular care not to say any thing to disoblige them As I shall have an occasion in the sequel to treat of the Liberality which is necessary in Princes I will say no more of it in this place but I will enlarge upon the Evils which attend those who speak too freely of their Subjects The Wounds which are receiv'd by Swords are easily cur'd but it is not so by those of the Tongue particularly by the Tongues of Kings the Authority of which makes them incurable unless the Cure comes from themselves The higher a Stone is thrown from the more impression it makes where it lights many would freely expose themselves to be run through by the Swords of their Master's Enemies who cannot bear a Scratch from his hand As a Fly is not Meat for an Eagle as the Lion despises those Animals which are not of his Force as a Man attacking a Child would be blam'd by all the World so I presume to say That great Kings ought never to wound private Persons with Words because they bear no proportion to their Grandeur History is full of the ill Events which have been occasion'd by the liberty great Men have formerly allow'd their Tongues to the prejudice of Persons they deem'd to be of no Consideration GOD has been pleas'd to favour your Majesty so much that you are not naturally inclin'd to do harm and therefore it is reasonable you should regulate your Words so much that they may not do the least prejudice I am certain that you will not willingly fall into that Inconvenience But as it is difficult for you to stop your first Motions and your sudden Agitations of Mind which do sometimes transport you I should not be your Servant unless I acquainted you that your Reputation and Interest requires your taking a particular care to suppress them seeing that though such liberty of Speech should not wound your Conscience yet it would very much prejudice your Affairs As to speak well of one's Enemies is an Heroick Vertue A Prince cannot speak licentiously of those who would venture a thousand Lives for his Service without committing a notable Fault against the Laws of Christians as well as against sound Policy A King whose Hands are undefiled whose Heart is pure and whose Tongue is innocent has not a common Vertue and those who possess those two first Qualities eminently as your Majesty does may easily acquire the third As it suits with the Grandeur of Kings to be reserv'd in their Words that nothing may come out of their Mouths capable to offend private Persons so in Prudence it behoves them not only to take care never to say any thing to the disadvantage of the Principal Communities of their State but moreover to speak in such a manner of them that they may have reason to believe they have an Affection for them The most important Affairs of the State oblige them so often to cross them for Publick Good that Prudence requires they should be satisfied in things which are not of that nature It is not sufficient for great Princes never to open their Mouths to speak ill of any body but Reason requires they should shut their Ears against Slanders and false Reports and that they should turn out and banish the Authors of them as dangerous Plagues which infect the Courts and Hearts of Princes and the Minds of all those who come near them If those who have a free access to the Ears of Kings without deserving it are dangerous those who possess their Hearts out of pure Favour are much more so seeing that in order to preserve such a Treasure they must needs make use of Art and Malice to supply the want of Vertue which is not in them I cannot forbear adding upon this Subject That I have always dreaded for your Majesty the Power of such Men more than the Power of the greatest Kings of the World and that it behoves you more to beware of the Artifice of a Menial Servant than of all the Factions the Grandees could form in your State though they should all tend to the same End When I was first introduc'd into the Management of Affairs those who had had the Honour to serve you before were prepossess'd that your Majesty believ'd whatever was reported to their prejudice and upon that Foundation their principal Care was ever to keep some of their Confidents about you to secure themselves against the Evil they were afraid of Though the Experience I have of your Majesty's steadiness in relation to me obliges me to acknowledge either that their Opinion was ill grounded or that the Reflections which Time has allow'd you to make upon me have remov'd that Easiness of Youth yet I must needs conjure you to settle your self so firmly in the Conduct you have been pleas'd to use towards me that no body may have reason to dread a contrary Fate In the next place I must also tell you That as Prince's Ears must be shut against Calumnies so they must be open to hearken to the Truths which are useful to the State and that as the Tongue must have no motion to say any thing to the prejudice of any body's Reputation so it must be free and bold to speak when Publick Interest is concern'd I mention these two Points because I have often observ'd that it was no small trouble to your Majesty to have the Patience to hearken even to that which was most important to you and that when the Welfare of your Affairs oblig'd you to express your Will not only to Persons of great Quality but also to those of mean Condition you had much ado to resolve to do it when you suspected that it would be disagreeable to them I confess that the said Dread is a sign

Regulation of ancient Monasteries so it behoves your Prudence to put a stop to the progress of the over-great number of new Monasteries which are daily establish'd In order whereunto it is necessary to despise the Opinion of certain Persons as Weak as Devout and more Zealous than Prudent who often fansie that the Salvation of Souls and the Safety of the State depends on that which is prejudicial to both As none but such as are wicked or blind can be insensible or disown that Religious Houses are not only very useful but also necessary so none but those who have an indiscreet Zeal can be ignorant that the excess of them is inconvenient and that it might come to such a point as would be ruinous That which is done for the State being done for God who is the Basis and Foundation of it to Reform the Houses that are already establish'd and to put a stop to the excess of new Establishments are two Works very agreeable to GOD who loves Rule in all things SECT IX Of the Obedience which is due to the POPE THe Order which God requires in all things gives me an occasion to represent to your Majesty in this place That as Princes are oblig'd to acknowledge the Authority of the Church to submit to their Holy Decrees and to pay an entire Obedience to the same in what relates to the Spiritual Power which God hath placed in her hands for the Salvation of Mankind and that as it is their Duty to maintain the Honour of the Popes as Successors of St. Peter and Vicars of Jesus Christ so they ought not to yield to their Attempts when they endeavour to extend their Power beyond its Bounds As Kings are oblig'd to respect the Thiara of the Soveraign Pontifs the same Obligation lies upon them to preserve the Power of their Crown This Truth is acknowledged by all Theologians but it is very difficult to distinguish the Extent and Subordination of these two Powers aright In such a matter Princes are neither to credit the Gentlemen of the Long Robe who commonly measure the King 's by the Form of his Crown which being round has no end nor those who by the excess of an indiscreet Zeal declare themselves openly in favour of Rome Reason advises us to hear both the one and the other in order afterwards to resolve the Difficulty by Persons of so much Learning that they may not be liable to mistake through Ignorance and so sincere that neither the Interests of the State nor those of Rome may prevail with them against Reason I may declare with Truth That I have ever found the Doctors of the University of Paris and the most Learned Monks of all Orders so reasonable on this Subject that I have never observ'd the least Weakness in them that could hinder them from defending the just Rights of this Kingdom neither have I ever observ'd any excess of Affection in them for their Native Country which could induce them contrary to the true Sentiments of Religion to diminish those of the Church to augment the others In such Cases the Opinion of our Fathers must be of great Weight the most famous and most impartial Historians and Authors who have written in all Ages must be carefully consulted on those Occasions in which nothing can be more dangerous than Weakness or Ignorance SECT X. Which sets forth the Advantage of Learning and shews how it ought to be Taught in this Kingdom HAving represented that Ignorance is sometimes prejudicial to the State I am now to speak of the Necessity of Learning one of the greatest Ornaments of States this being the most proper place for it since the Empire of it is justly due to the Church by reason that all sorts of Truths have a natural Relation to the first the Sacred Mysteries of which Eternal Wisdom has been pleas'd to make the Ecclesiastical Order Depositories of As the Knowledge of Letters is absolutely necessary in a Commonwealth it is certain that they ought not to be taught without distinction to every body As a Body having Eyes in all its Parts would be monstrous a State would be the same if all the Inhabitants thereof were Learned we should find as little Obedience in it as Pride and Presumption would be common The Commerce of Letters would absolutely banish that of Trade which enriches Nations would ruine Husbandry the true Mother of the People and would soon destroy the Nursery of Souldiers which encreases more in the Rudeness of Ignorance than in the Politeness of Sciences Finally it would fill France with Litigious Persons more proper to ruine private Families and to disturb publick Peace than to do the State any good If Learning were prophan'd to all sorts of Minds we should see more Persons capable to form Doubts than to resolve them and many would be fitter to oppose Truths than to defend them 'T is this Consideration which induces Politicians to say that a well regulated State requires more Masters of Mechanick Arts than Masters of Liberal Arts to teach Letters I have often heard Cardinal du Perron for the same Reason earnestly wish the Suppression of part of the Colledges of this Kingdom he was desirous to have four or five famous ones establish'd in Paris and two in every Metropolitan City of the Provinces He added to all the Considerations I have urg'd that it was impossible to find a sufficient number of Learned Men in every Age to supply a great number of Colledges whereas being contented with a moderate number they might be fill'd with worthy Persons who would preserve the Fire of the Temple in its Purity and would transmit by an uninterrupted Succession the Sciences in their Perfection I cannot forbear thinking when I consider the great number of Men who profess the Teaching of Letters and the multitude of Children that are instructed that I see an infinite number of Sick People who only aiming to drink pure and clear Water for their Cure are press'd with such a disorderly Drought that receiving without distinction all those that are presented to them the major part drink such as are impure and often out of payson'd Cups which encreases their Drought and their Distemper instead of easing either In fine this great number of Colledges indifferently establish'd in all places produces two Evils the one by the mean Capacity of those that are oblig'd to Teach there not being a sufficient number of eminent Persons to fill the Pulpits the other by the want of natural Disposition in those whose Fathers oblige them to study by reason of the Conveniences of it without examining their Capacity which is the reason that most of those that study have only a mean Tincture of Learning some for want of more Capacity others for not being well instructed Tho' this Evil is of great consequence the Remedy is easie since it only requires to reduce all the Colledges of such places as are no Metropolitans to two or three Classis

honour of the success should be imputed to La Vallette From the very beginning he had not answer'd either in relation to the Father or to the Son the Affection they both expected to find in him and which they had had proofs of on other occasions he perhaps being instructed in this by the Court and being desirous to oblige the Minister But after all as far as ever I could hear the true or principal Reason of the raising of that Siege with so little honour reflected upon the Cardinal himself more than upon any other in his Quality of Admiral without laying any stress upon his having joyn'd Commanders whom he knew could never agree The Naval Army which should have appeared at the same time with the Land Forces was not ready and whether the Prince had orders to begin the Siege before hand or that the said precipitation proceeded from his own impatience and the fear of losing the fair season for it was in the Month of July the Spaniards who were Masters of the Sea took their time to succour the Town twice within sight of him and to put a Governor into it who contributed considerably towards its Vigorous defence The Spanish Army appear'd to relieve it by Land The Duke de la Vallette's advice tho' often reiterated to march against and to Fight them was not hearken'd unto and the event justify'd on that occasion as in so many others that commonly to be attack'd is to be half Vanquish● All things pass'd among ours with great surprise Tumult and Disorder without any of the Quarters being inform'd what pass'd in the other The Prince of Conde's was forc'd and taken The French never made so little resistance which gave way to the Vain reports of the People which they are still possessed with in those parts to this very day as if the Prince had consented to it himself being bribed with Spanish Doubloons which were sent to him they say in great quantity in large Bottles in the guise of Wine for the Provision of his Table The Duke de la Vallette had only notice of the Rout and Combat by run-aways and soon after it by the Prince himself who retiring to Bayonne left him to perform what could be done in that misfortune The Duke approv'd what it would have been useless to Condemn and moreover he exhorted the Prince to secure his Person But as soon as his back was turn'd he could not forbear smiling and that prov'd since the main head of the accufation against him After which giving his Orders with great Tranquility and unconcernedness he not only put all his Men in Battalia but rallying the remainder of the others and opposing the pursuit of the Enemys he sav'd the Major part of the French Army and such Guns and Equipages as were not taken yet The Victorious Souldiers in Fontarabie boasted that they had plundered the Prince's Camp and that they had spar'd La Vallette who was their Friend Another great Crime which was to be plac'd with the Bottles of Doubloons and which nevertheless was afterwards laid to his Charge It is impossible to express the Minister's anger against the Duke de la Vallette whether it were that he only hearken'd to the interrested relations of the Prince of Conde and the Arch-bishop or that such an occasion kindled anew all his Resentment against the Duke d' Espernon's Family or that he dreaded lest the King and the Public should impute that misfortune to his Conduct in case the Prince or the Arch-bishop or the delay of our Naval Army should seem to be the chief cause of it He declar'd ●● Altorney he would 〈…〉 General against his Kinsman than to leave his fault unpunish'd The Dutchess de la Vallette had the Generosity on ths occasion as in many others not to waver one moment between her Uncle Regnant and her Husband out of favour but the Cardinal when she spoke to him upon that account fell into such a passion that those who were not to be acquainted with the secret and who were order'd to withdraw on purpose overheard it The Dutchess d' Eguillon who was the Duke's faithful Friend after having used all her Credit Art and Addresse with her Uncle could obtain nothing but bitter Complaints and open menaces after which she xpress'd sufficiently that it would not be safe for the Duke to come tho' on the one side he was passionately desirous to justify himself in Person and on the other he had been sent for to give an account of his Conduct It is very probable that the Minister designed not to spare him At least what he said and declar'd publicly was not a great inducement to Invite him to Court A Little Council was held hercupon at Paris by the Duke's Order of Persons he thought wholly devoted to his Interest in which was called among a few others one of the most Zealous and most grateful Creatures of his Family It was Philip de Cospean then Bishop of Nantes formerly Bishop of Aire and since Bishop of Lisieux for whom the old Duke during his favour our of respect to his Merit being delighted with his Sermons had not only obtain'd the Bishoprick of Aire without his knowledge but ●caused the Bulls of the same to be expedited at his own Charge and so sent them to him This Gentlemen who was a Man of Sence and Wit after having heard many arguments upon the circumstances of the Affair of Fontarabie upon the facility the Duke would have to destroy such frivolous accusations and not only to justify his Innocence but also his Services All this said he is good and I believe it but who has told us that they will not speak of the Man and the Mill. This prov'd sufficient to persuade the little Assembly and that indeed was a thing to be dreaded in the hands of an incens'd Minister For tho the Duke had clear'd himself before him and before the King about it and that instead of being punish'd he was soon after honor'd with a considerable Command it was no abolition in forms and the Laws of the State oblige all Subjects and particularly all the Officers of the Crown to reveal what ever they know against the King's Service without examining whether they have opposed it in secret whether they could not prevent it whether they thought the advice would be useless finaly without distinguishing Prince Friend Master or Benefactor Wo to those whose Fate and that diversity of Dutys put to such a terrible Tryal However the Duke contrary to his own inclination follow'd the advice of his Friends and retir'd into England His process was made The Cardinal would needs have the information against him brought in before the King The President de Bellievre since first President and some others had the Courage to say they saw no proofs The greater Number follow'd the false and pernicious Maxim that one may always Condemn an absent Person because his Life is in no danger and that it