chaunceth in the face Noli me tangere it is called noli me tangere If it chaunce in the thyghes or in the legges it is called lupus Lupus in other partes it is called a cāker And they assygne an other dyfference and qualitie of complexion and they saye that a canker called lupus or woulfe is caused of more burnynge choler than Noli me tangere But touchynge the distinction of the later doctours we haue founde nothynge in auncyent wryters A canker taketh hys name for one of the two causes folowynge as Auicenne sayeth namelye bycause it stycketh to the membres of the patient as a creuyce or a crabbe called in latyne cancer in the hande of hym that holdeth it or it is called cancer bycause of the rounde forme and bycause that all aboute there bene sondrye veynes as it were the feete of a crabbe or creuyce This canker as Rasis wryteth to kynge Almansor is a disease in whiche is greate laboure and werynesse Fynallye of the dyfference bytwene a canker and Sephiros we haue playnly wryttē in the Chaptre of Sephiros Note this one thynge that a canker is engendred by the way of cōmencement or begynnynge Sephiros by the way of cōsequution or folowynge Thus endeth this chaptre for which god be praysed ¶ The .xi. Chaptre of the cure of a canker and hys kyndes WE haue shewed in the former Chapter what a canker is The cure of a canker in this chaptre we wyll speake of his cure aswel eradicatyue as palliatyue There ben foure intentions necessarye in this disease The fyrste is accomplysshed by the ordynaunce of diete The seconde by digestyon of the mattier antecedent The thyrde by purgation of the mattier antecedent The fourth by a gentle resolution of the matter conioynct wyth a comfortation of the sore place The fyrst and the seconde intention is accomplysshed after the doctryne wrytten in the Chaptre of the cure of Sephiros The thyrde intention which is to purge the matter antecedent after digestion is accomplysshed by medicynes that purge euyll humours Fyrst let the matter be thus dygested ℞ of syrupe of fumiterye Digestyue of the iuces of sorell of buglosse Ana ℥ ss of the water of fumiterre Buglosse and maydenheere Ana ℥ i. mengle them whan the Pacient hathe vsed thys Syrupe the space of tenne dayes let hym be purged with thys purgation ℞ of electuarie lenitiue of Diacatholicon Ana ʒ vi of the cōfection of Hamech ʒ iii. Make a smal potion with the decoction of cordyal floures and frutes of myrobolanes called Kebuli and emblici Note that ye ought not to be contented wyth one purgation as we haue sayde for the matter is melancholyke Neyther muste ye proceade with a stronge medicyne as Galene testifyeth sayinge whan the matter is melancholyke ye must purge it by lyttle and lyttle wherfore we haue wrytten sondrye remedyes to digest and purge melancholye in the Chapter of Sephiros Haliabas is of the same opynyon touchyng the purgation of this matter sayinge be not content with one purgation in the mattier that causeth a Canker but purge it ofte tyl ye perceyue that the sayde mattier is clene euacuated Flebotomie Galene and Auicenne saye that we may sometime vse Phlebotomie chefely in a yonge and stronge body And in this flebotomie large incision must be made that the grosse melancholy bloude maye easely yssue out Purgation we haue proued the purgation folowyng in this case and afterwarde the purgation aboue named And this is the forme of it ℞ of the coddes of sene of epithimum Ana ʒ i. of the confection of Hamech ʒ ii of iuleb of vyolettes of roses by infusion of Buglose Ana ℥ ss of gootes whey ℥ ii mengle them Gyue this to the patiente in the mornynge and thys small purgation must oft be renued The fourth intention whiche is to take away the matter conioynct shal be accomplysshed by the administration of conuenyent medycynes vpon the canker And those shall be gentle resolutyues resoluynge by lytle and lyttle the mattier conioynct and they are pryncipally good whan the canker is not vlcered Resolutyne The fyrste ordynaunce is this ℞ of the oyle of Roses omphacine of the oyle of vyolets Ana ℥ ii of vnguentum rosarum of Vnguentum Populeon Ana ʒ x. of the iuce of Plantayne and nyghtshade Ana ℥ ss of the decoction of malowes vyolettes and holyhocke of the seede of Quynces of Psillium sodden accordynge to arte li. i. of calues tallowe ℥ iiii of the mary of calues legges and of an oxe legge of duckes grese of oyle of camomylle Ana ℥ i. Let them boyle all vnto the consumption of the iuce and decoctiō and than strayne them and put vnto the straynynge of whyte Diaquilon ℥ iii. of lytarge of golde well brayed ℥ iiii of tutia Alexandrina ʒ x. And make a softe cerote with whyte wax by arte and fyre styrrynge it about This cerote is very good in this case resoluynge matter and comfortyng the place with some mollification Also to the same intention the descryption folowynge is cōmendable An other ℞ of Oyle of Roses ℥ ii of Oyle of Vyolettes ℥ i. of calues grese ʒ x. of the iuce of nyghtshade and plātayne Ana ℥ i. let them boyle vnto the consumption of the iuyce than strayne them and styrre them about in a mortare of leade two houres Yf it chaunce that the canker be engendred in suche a place that it may be roted vp without cuttyng of great veynes and synnowes and if it be in a stronge bodye you maye vse incision or cauterisation and it shall be a true curation Anicenne sayeth that a canker at the begynnynge maye be healed but whan it is confyrmed it receyueth not true curation And it chaunceth often in the inner partes so that hys generacyon is hyd and than it maye be easely rectifyed The rectification is that it be not moued wyth a stronge medycyne For yf it be moued wyth a stronge medicyne it maye brynge the pacient to sodayne death But yf ye procede wyth gentle medicynes it is possyble that the lyfe of the patient maye be prolonged and some health recouered in palliynge the canker It is euydent by the aucthoritie of auntient men that an olde and malygne canker canne not be healed by true cure that is to saye by incision or cauterisation or application of medicynes wherfore Albucazar coūsayleth this whan a canker is olde and confyrmed meddle not wyth it And he sayeth moreouer that he neuer sawe nor hearde that anye bodye was healed of an olde canker Thys it appereth that Hipocrates doctrine is true ☞ whiche sayeth it is best not to take cure of them that haue hydden cankers but to vse a cure palliatyue Yf ye stoppe the canker the humours which were wonte to come to the vlcered place wyll go to the princypall membres Yf it chaunce that ye wyll make incision in this disease ye must do it wysely For as Auicenne
the bodye but also it is a meane of all the substaunce generatiue and corruptiue The membres simple hote and moyst ben spirites fleshe as Auerroys sayeth The mary flegme and fatte are colde and moyste ¶ The seconde Chaptre Compounde membres NOwe that we haue spoken of symple membres it is coÌ„uenient that we traicte of membres compounde The membres compounde ben those which ben coÌ„posed or set together of the foresayd symple membres And they bene called properly Membra heterogenia that is membres made of other that may be diuided into another kynde or membres instrumentall because they ben the instrumentes of the soule as the face the handes the fete the herte the lyuer And of these membres compounde some ben called membres principall some not principall Principall membres The principal membres ben foure the herte the brayne the lyuer and the stones The membres compounde not principall ben all the other excepte the symple Membres not principal as the eyes the nose the eares the head the face the necke the armes the legges and semblable whose complection shal be declared in the chaptre folowynge ¶ The thyrde chaptre of the Anatomie of the heade and of the membres conteyned in the same WE haue traicted sufficientlye of the Anatomie of membres compouÌ„de and that it behoueth to consyder nyne thynges touchynge euery membre of mans bodye but Auicenna sayeth that in the Anatomie of the heade The situatioÌ„ of the heade we muste coÌ„sydre aleuen thinges and fyrst the situation of the same The heade was not set in the hyghest parte of the bodye for the nastrelles nor for the brayne nor for any other sens but cheifly for the eyes as Auicenna sayth and for the vertue of seynge And the reason is thys bycause the eyes haue the garde kepynge of the body so that men maye se theyr enemyes afarre of auoyde that that is noysome to the bodye They were ordeyned of nature in the former part that they might receaue the visible spirite by the synnowe called Optique and that they might carye visible thinges to the coÌ„mune sens for the synnowe Optique beyng diuided into two brauÌ„ches entreth into the composition of the eye as we shall declare here after An other reason is thys bycause the eyes receaue mouynge of the seconde payre of synnowes whych procede from the brayne And for these causes nature hath set the heade in the hyghest parte of the bodye The parte couered wyth heere The brayne panne and conteynynge the brayne and the interiour partes of the same and the Animal spirites is called after the philosophers the vessell or panne It foloweth consequently that we consyder the ioynynges of the partes of the same For froÌ„ the heade the muscles procede and Lacertes whyche go to the necke and to the face ben moued throughe all the partes of the heed The brayne panne of a man is greater then of any other lyuyng thynge bycause the braine is of greater quantite in man then in other beestes The fourme of the heed is rounde as a boole and as Galene sayeth a rounde fygure amonge all other is moost noble and in lest dauÌ„ger of noysome thynges It is also bossie and bouncheth out in the fore and in the hynder partes The composition of the same is partly bonye partly ful of mary and is of a colde complexion also the partes therof and the dyseases whyche chaunce in it as the tothache dysease of the eyes Catarrhes lyke thynges as it shal be declared in a chapter for the same purpose The noÌ„bre of the partes is knoweÌ„ by the partes conteynynge and coÌ„teyned Basilare and by the bone called Basilare vpon whych all the bones of the heade haue theyr seate and fouÌ„dation The partes conteynynge ben fyue the heere the skyn the musculous fleshe the pannicle whyche is called pericranium or gingiua mater bycause it procedeth from dura mater by the commissures of the bones of the heade after thys is the bone named Cranium or the fyrst table of the bones of the heade The partes conteyned ben fyue The fyrst is the bone called the seconde table The seconde is a grosse pannicle called Dura mater The thyrde couereth the substauÌ„ce of the brayne and is called Pia mater or the Teye The fourth is Rhete mirabile The fyfth is the substauÌ„ce of the brayne Vnder thies is the bone called Basilare whych susteyneth the head And it is called Basilare of Basis whych sygnifyeth a fouÌ„dation There ben in the composition of the heade seuen principall bones of whych the fyrst is called Coronale Coronale and begynneth after the opinion of Haliabas in the fore parte aboute the eye browes endeth at the Coronale coÌ„missure And in that bone there is some tymes a strayte coÌ„missure or seame goynge dyrectly to the myddest of the heade chiefly of womeÌ„ And it is called the bone coronale bycause kynges beare theyr crownes vppoÌ„n that bone In the nether partes of thys bone ben two holes whyche are called Colatories or strayners of the nastrelles and betwene the concauite or hollownes of the two eyes there is a lytle bonye addition in the facyon of a cokescombe vpon the whyche nature hathe planted the grystelles of the nastrelles to diuide the nastrelles After this ben the two Laterall or syde bones ioyned to the bone coronal on both sydes Syde bones Os Laude and in the hynder parte they ben ioyned to the bone called Laude or occipitall in the hynder parte And in the toppe of the heade they ben closed together lyke a sawe And they make the commissure called sagittalis For they come dyrectly from the coronall bone to the coÌ„missure called Lauda and thys is the commyssure called Transuersalis Transuersalis in thys fygure of ciffre 7. and the bone called Lauda is of harder substaunce theÌ„ the other in whych there is an hole and through that hole the marye called Nuka descendethe from the brayne to the ende of the backe by Spondiles After this ben the bones called Petrosa or stonye Pâ—trosa whych are false coÌ„missures or seames touchyng the two Laterall or syde bones in the ryghte and the left syde And they ben called false coÌ„missures bycause they ben skalie stonye and harder theÌ„ other And they are bored through for the necessitie of hearynge And these bones begynne at the commissure called Lauda and ende in the myddest of the temples The last bone is called Basilare whyche susteyneth the heade as it is aforesayde And thys bone hathe manye holes and spongiositees whych serue to purge the superfluities of the brayne of these seuen bones procede fyue commyssures where of thre ben trewe and the other false as we haue sayde The fyrste of the thre commyssures is called the commyssure Coronall The seconde Sagittall The thyrde Laudale Nature hath produced the bones of the heede spongious and full of pores or priuye holes in the myddes of two
it is after the doctryne of Rasis the instrument of voluntary motion Neyther is it possyble to make a distinction of them as of boones for they bene of one fygure sauyng that some ben long and some greater thaÌ„ other As the muscles that gyue motion to the thyghes ben greater than they which gyue motion to the tonge And some muscles haue power to extende the membre in whiche they are situated And some haue power to drawe backe as within the arme And the muscles whyche haue power to drawe backe ben within the arme And they that haue power to extend ben without the arme Therfore whan a man hathe the muscles cut which beÌ„ wtout the arme he can not stretche out his arme And whan the muscles within the arme ben cut he can not bowe hys arme And whan the muscles of the arme ben egallye cut without and within it can be neither bowed nor stretched out But it contynueth euer in one estate These muscles beÌ„ distributed to the membres of the body by nature but it wolde be longe to declare the sondrye motions that they gyue to mans body as of them that come to the necke some gyue motioÌ„ to lyft vp the heed on high some to bow it down some to turne it on the left side som on the ryght so forth of other meÌ„bres And generally all the membres of the bodye hauyng voluntary motion haue certayne muscles And customably they ben situated about the ioyntures And that the better remembraunce of them may be had I wyll name them in ordre after this sorte The muscles which moue the heed and the necke ben .xxiii. The muscles of the face ben in noÌ„bre .xlv of which nature hath coÌ„ueyed .xxiiii. to the eyes and .xii. to the iawes and the other to other partes of the face and ther beÌ„ two which moue the nastrels The muscles of the roote of the tonge ben ix And they which moue the throte and the epiglote ben xxxii The muscles of the shulders ben xiiii There bene xviii muscles that gyue motion to the bones called Adiutores or helpers of the armes And they of the parte named Domestica or homelike gyue motion to the armes to bow them And those of the parte called Siluestris or wylde gyue motion to the armes to stretch out as we haue sayd And there bene ten in the parte Syluestre or wylde and eyght in the parte Domestike or homelyke And in ech hand on eche syde there ben .18 muscles by which the fyngers moue In the brest there bene an hundred seuen muscles And the muscles of the backe ben .xlviii. In the bellye after the ouer parte of the stomake vnto the thyghbone in length there ben viii And to the yarde of a man there bene .iiii and so many to the stoones and they gyue motion to the yarde whan it is erected or falleth downe And one goeth to the necke of the blader which retayneth the vrine accordynge to the wyll of man And to the conduicte behynde there belonge .iiii. whiche retayne the superfluities beneth as longe as necessitie requyreth And to the buttockes there belonge xxv whiche ayde the motion of the thyghes And lykewyse there pertayne to the thyghes .xxv. and to the rybbes .xx. whyche extende downewarde and ayde the motion of the legges To the legges vndre the knees there belonge .xxviii. which gyue motion to the feete and there bene .xxii. vpon eche fote ¶ The .xvi. Chapter of nerues or synnowes in generall WE sayd afore that all the synnowes of the body grow from the brayne the nuke which is the braynes lieutenaunt Synnowes The synnowes as we haue declared beÌ„ simple membres gyuyng felynge mouynge to the partis of the bodye Of whiche there bene seuen payre symply procedyng from the brayne And xxxi payre whiche procede from the nuke and one without a felowe and they bene thus declared by ordre Seuen payre growe from the seuen spondiles of the necke And .xii. paire growe from the .xii. spondiles of the backe and lykewyse fyue growe froÌ„ the fyue spondyles called Catin And from a bone called Halohanis there growe iii. payre And thre other payre from the boone called Alohosos and one without a felow which procedeth from the extreme parte of the same bone Alohosos And the sinnowes of the nuke ben dispersed into dyuers partes of the body The fyrst payre of the necke and the seconde the thyrde come to the face and ioyn them selues with the muscles of the heed gyuyng felynge and mouynge to the sayde heed From the fourth spondyle of the necke a payre of synnowes yssue out coÌ„myng to the pannicle which couereth the spirituall membres called the mydriffe And it ioyneth it selfe with the muscles of the backe The other come to the herte the liuer the loÌ„ges to the pannicles and ligamentes of the same from the seuenth paire procedynge from the spondyles of the backe they ben directed to the armes and muscles of the same they come euen to the handes And of the sinnowes procedyng from the bone Halohanis they come which desceÌ„d to the legges And that synnowe whiche lacketh a felowe coÌ„meth â—o the yarde and to the muscles of the arse and to the necke of the bladder Bycause of shortnesse we wyll speake no more of them sauyng of the seuen which procede from the brayne ¶ The .xvii. Chapter THe fyrst payre of synnowes proceadynge from the brayne is directed to the eyes as we haue declared in the Cha. of the Anatomye of the eyes And they ben called Nerui optici and they are greater than the other we declared in the same place how they carye vysible seÌ„blauÌ„ces to the comune sens And in them there bene thre vtilities The fyrst is that the vysible spirites shulde be directed to the eyes The seconde that the vysible seÌ„blauÌ„ces shuld be sent from the eyes to the commune sense The thyrde that the pannicles of the eyes shulde procede from those synnowes The seconde payre of synnowes of the brayne come to the eyes and meÌ„gle them selues with the muscles of the eyes to gyue them felyng and voluntary mouynge The thyrde payre is deuyded in to manye partes Of which some come to the visage and the other come to the tonge as AuiceÌ„na wytnesseth and the other parte ioyneth it selfe with the fourth payre which descendeth downe to the pannicle called Diaphragma or midryfe and is directed to the stomake and guttes gyuynge them felynge and mouynge And the other parte of the fourth payre of synnowes As MoÌ„dine sayth commeth to the palate or roufe of the mouth gyuyng it felyng and mouynge The fyfth paire descendeth toward the boones called Petrosa and vnder the eare And of these synnowes the Pannycles bene engendred in whyche the vertue of hearynge is receyued The syxt payre is deuyded in thre partes Of which one ioyneth it selfe with the muscles of the throte The seconde commeth to the muscles of the shulders The thyrde commeth to the guttes
fygure of a crosse of such quantitie that the skynne or blader maye be clearely taken away But yf it can not be taken awaye at the tyme of incision by the reason of the issuynge of bloode in suche case it is conuenient to fille the place with vnguentum egyptiacum of oure description or wyth a trocisque of minium or elles rubbe it wyth a ruptorye of capitell of whyche we wyl speake by the grace of God in oure Antidotary Afterwarde whan the blader is takē awaye the vlcered place must be cured as we haue sayde before Furthermore there chauncethe in chyldrennes heedes an aposteme full of water The cause is after Guilhelmus Placentinus the multitude of mēstrual moystnesse which coulde not be rectified by the mother nor by the chylde bycause of hys evyll qualitye and nature coulde not dryue it from the heade Thys watrinesse sometimes is betwene the sculle and the skinne and causeth often so great eleuation that the chirurgien can not fele the sculle pressynge hys fyngers vpon it Sometymes thys watrines is betwene the dura mater and the brain panne thā it is of harder cure than the fyrst of greater daunger The doctoures haue shewed no great remedie of thys watrines willyam Placentyne and Lāfrancke cured it wyth oyle of camomille and of dylle wherein the strength of branne is Some commaunde to open the place wyth an actuall cauterye poynted applyeng it in sondry places and causynge the water to come oute by lytle and lytle not dryenge it sodaynly They lay vpō the cauterysed place wolle weeted in the foresayd oyle We wyll describe oure curation of thys aposteme Epitheme whych we haue often proued wyth the profitte of the patient and our owne honoure makinge no incision after thys sorte R. of camomylle and melilote ana m̄ i. and ss of sticados of the leaues and graynes of mirtilles of roses ana m̄ i. ten nuttes of cypresse of branne and beanes ana m̄ ss boyle all these thynges together wyth redde wine and lye of vine asshes vnto the cōsūption of half thā strayne thē with two large spōges dipped in this decoctiō and somwhat pressed let the head be epithemed in the place wher the aqnositie or watrines is the space of a quarter of an houre takyng away one and layeng one another After this euaporation I applied the vnguent folowynge layenge on agayne the sayd sponge strōgly pressed and wrounge And so remouynge the sponge from syxe houres to syxe houres renuynge it within a few dayes I healed the aposteme Oyntment The forme of the linimēt is thys ℞ of oyle of camomill roses myrte ana ℥ ss of oyle of spike ℥ i. oyle of dille ℥ i. ss of brāne ʒ x. of camo melilote dille sticados squinātū ana a lytle of nuttes of cypresse in nombre ij braye the thynges that ben to be brayed grossely then boyle them wyth a cyath of wyne of good odoure beynge two yeares olde vnto the consūption of the wyne thē strayne them adde to the straynynge of saffran ℈ i. of whyte waxe ℥ i. Let them boyle agayne a lytle Thys liniment hath a merueylous effecte in dryenge the water wyth resolution and confortation of the place Yf it chaunce that there be engendred in the head a pustle or carbuncle for the cure thereof resorte to the chapiter of a carbuncle One thynge is diligently to be obserued in the application of all remedyes that is that the sore membre be conserued in hys naturall complection Foure consyderations in all cures as Guido sayeth there ben foure consyderations by whyche the demonstration of the cure of al dyseases is taken The fyrst The fyrst consideration is taken of the complection of the mēbre For Galene sayeth that hote membres desyre hote aydes drye membres drye aydes for theyr conseruation and lykewyse moyste membres wyll haue moyste preseruatiōs c. For euery mēbre desyreth to be conserued by his semblable or lyke And as a dysease wyll be healed by hys contrarye so euerye parte wyll be conserued by hys semblable fleshye membres desyre no greate desiccation or dryeng bycause of theyr moysture but the drye desyre to be more dryed The seconde The seconde consyderation of curynge is taken of the complection of the bodye For some bodyes ben of thynne conuerture some of thicke and we must procede otherwyse in them that haue rare or thynne bodyes then in them that haue thycke For thynnes declareth that the matter maye easely come forthe and thycknes contrarywyse And Auicenne sayeth speakynge of humidite in hote places and in colde places that humidities in colde places are of greater actiuite and dygeste better The reason is bycause ther strengthes bene greater And he speaketh cōtrarye wyse of humidities that chaūce in hote places sayenge these men are sone resolued the other not lyghtlye Wherfore the countre or region is to be obserued of whych Cornelius Celsus speaketh ☜ in the preface of hys fyrst boke sayenge that the kyndes of medicines dyfferre accordynge to the dyuersite of the places as one medicine is good at Rome another in Egypte another in Fraunce And yf the causes of dyseases were semblable and egall in all countrees semblable remedyes shulde be in al countrees Wherfore it is euidente by the reasons alleged that we muste vse dyuerse medicines accordynge to the dyuersyte of membres and after dyuersyte of tyme and countrees Thyrdly The thyrde the cōsyderation of the cure of a dysease is taken of the vertue and complection of the medicine and of the sensibilite or felyng of the membre For sensyble membres as the pannicles of the eyes synnowes pia mater can not endure stronge and sharpe medicines The membres that haue no felynge as bones and ligamentes procedyng of bones maye sustayne strōger medicines Wherfore Auicēne sayde well as a synnowe dyscouered nedeth alleuiation or easynge of the payne so ligamētes that growe out of bones nede stronge medicines bycause they haue no sensibilitie The fourth The fourth consyderation is taken of the makynge or position of the membre For some membres are set in superfyciall places some in depe Dyseases that ben in superficial places must be cured wyth lyght medicines But those that are in depe places requyre strōge medicines The reason is that before the operation of the medicine canne come to the depe place it loseth a great dele of hys vertue wherfore the medicine muste be stronge and penitratiue Concernynge the forsayd dyseases it is to be noted that some take theyr denomination after the places where they growe As yf a quytterous and flegmatyke aposteme be engendred in the heade it is called Talpa yf thys matter come to the eyes it is called Ophtalmia yf it come to the throte it is called Squinantia or a quince yf to the handes a chyragra yf to the fete Padagra yf to all the legges Vndimia and so forth of other humours Thus endeth thys presēt
take awaye the inflamaciō and sharpenes of the oyntement and afterwarde ye shal applye the forsaid collyrie and ye muste renewe the sayd remedyes tyll the hardenes and skabbes be vtterly remoued And ye muste consyder one thynge that is to say when this disease is ioyned wyth some euell accidente as is peyne and euell complexion or ophtalmia or some other ye must remoue the same before ye come to the cure and yf the scabbes be dry ye shal moysten them wyth a moystyng medicine hauynge resolucyon and abstercyon as is thys lotion ℞ of the rotes of holye hockes and dockes Cure of drye scabbes of the leues of malowes vyolettes and plantayne ana m̄ i. of sower apples nombre thre of lentylles of barly of branne ana m̄ i. ss of roses m̄ ss seeth these thinges in sufficyent quantitie of reyne water tyll two partes of .iij. ben consumed and than washe the place therewyth as we sayde befor the space of a weke twyse a daye and afterwarde applye the collyrie aboue wrytten After a weke ye shal washe the place with this grene water that foloweth ℞ of water of plantayne of water of rooses A precious grene water ana ℥ ij of odiferous whyte wyne ℥ i. ss of tucia of antimonium ana ʒ i. ss of verdegrece of roche alume ana ʒ ss of lytarge of golde of lycium ana ʒ iij. seeth the waters with alume a lytle and pouder the reste and putte thē to the waters when ye take them from the fire After that ye haue washed the place wyth thys water ye shal apply the abouenamed collyry in maner aboue sayde And if nede be of greater exiccacion ye shal repayr to that that is wrytten in thys presente chapter And for as muche as in thys case there chaunceth great ytchyng which is engendred of salte fleme to remoue the same ye shal vse the forsayd grene water wyth an vnction made of lard of tucia and of the water of rooses for it taketh awaye itchynge and healeth the sorenes of the eye lyddes c. thus we ende thys presente chapter The .v. chapter of the dysease of the eyes called vngula VNgula after the doctoures Of vngula in the eyes is a pannycle of coniunctiua somewhat reysed vp whyche appereth for the most parte in the the wepyng parte of the ryghte syde howebeit somtyme it chaunceth in the lefte syde and at the begynnyng it is small and afterward extendeth it selfe vnto the commissure of the pannycle called cornea And because the matter causynge thys pannycle sometyme groweth in the ouer parte of the kyrtylle of the eye and somtime in the nether part of the same whan it is in the ouer part it apereth to be somewhat redde because of the veynes whyche are wythoute and when it is in the nether parte it is of a whytyshe coloure The causes of thys disease are grosse and flegmatyke humours engendred of euell dyete dyscendynge frome the heade by the veynes and conduites to the kyrtyll of the eye The cure of these dyseases is accōplyshed by the admynistracion of localle medycynes hauinge vertue to resolue and drye and to byte somwhat Fyrst obseruation of the dyet and purgacyon as it is declared in the chapter of ophthalmia presupposed we wyll ordayne ii pryncypall remedyes of whych the fyrst is thys ℞ of the iuce of horhound of the iuce of sowre pomgranades of the iuce of lyqueryce of myrabolanes cytryne well poudred Collorye ana ʒ i. of liciū ʒ ss of aloes epatike of tucia preparate ana ℈ ii of the grene water descrybed in the former chapter ʒ vi of the sief of memyte of whyt sief wythoute opium ana ʒ ss of odoryferous whyte wyne ʒ x. make a collyrye accordynge to arte Thys collyrie applied in the eye is verye good in all kyndes of vngula of sebell and other dyseases of the eyes Item to thys entencyon this water folowynge is conuenyentlye vsed ℞ of the iuce of saladine ʒ v. of the iuce of sowre pōgranates wyth the rindes ℥ iij. of the iuce of liquerice carwaies ana ℥ ss of cumin ʒ ss of sirup of roses of hony of roses ana ʒ iiii of water of rooses ℥ ij of myrobalanes emblyke and cytryne ana ℈ ij of antimonium ceruse ana ʒ v. of roche alume ʒ j ss of oxe galle and of capons and of partryches ana ʒ ij of cloues of nutmegges ana ʒ ss of tucia of lyme tenne tymes washed with water of plantaine sorrell ana ʒ iii. let the harde thynges be pounded before ye myngle thē wyth the other and afterwarde putte them all to gether in a lembicke of glasse and whan the water is stylled kepe it in a glasse well couered and ye muste applye therof into the eye one droppe at once for it is an excellente water and consumeth superfluytees and is desiccatiue and resolutyue and yf ye wyll that the foresayde water shall more strongelye consume superfluous fleshe ye shall take of the sayde water ℥ iij. of odoriferous whyte wyne ℥ j. of water of rooses ʒ x. of tutia and antimonie ana ʒ j. ss of verdegrece wel poudered ℈ ij heate the waters a lytle at the fyre than put to the reste applye therof in the eye as it is sayd Yf the desease be so rooted that yt cannot be drawen oute wyth these remedyes ye muste come to handye operacyon thoughe thys curacyon be hard and daungerous for in pullyng vp the vngula yf the chirurgyen be not experte he maye plucke vp the pānycle called cornea and so marre the apple of the eye Wherefore the frendes of the pacyente are to be admonyshed of the daunger and the matter is to be taken in hande wyth greate feare and cyrcumspection howbeit my counsayle is to leue suche thynges to the vacabounde toothdrawers Neuerthelesse I wyll declare my mynde herein fyrst ye muste haue an ynstrumente of syluer made after the maner of smalle tenacles or pynsones croked take the vngula by the parte that is towarde the ende and not towarde the root that is to saye toward the pannicle called cornea and as ye hold it wyth the sayde instrument ye must haue another sharpe cuttynge instrumente and cutte it by lytle and lytle into the roote And after that the vngula is remoued ye muste dygeste the place with womans mylke and suger candye of a syrupe of vyolettes to swage the payne ye must put vpon the eye a plaster made wyth rosted apples wryten in the chapter of the cure of ophtalmia After that the payne is swaged yf there reste anye superfluytie ye shall procede with the forsayd waters collyryes which haue vertue to consume superfluous fleshe thus we ende this presente chapter c. The syxte chapter of Sebel and of the cure therof SEbell Of Sebell in the eyes after Iesu haly is a replecyon of the veynes of the pannycle of the eye called con unctiua and it
that it shal be of greter exiccation or drying put to the forsayd oyntment of lyme thryse washed with rayne water ℥ i. ss of liquide storax ℥ ss and so vse thē Forthermore all meates that engendre grosse brente and colerycke bloode muste be auoyded as grosse flesh pepered and salted meates garlyke mustarde drye fygges c. Somtyme yf the age and strength of the patient wolde suffre it is conuenient to draw blood out of the veyne basilica most often in this case ventoses are to be vsed vpon the shulders armes buttockes and thyghes chefely whā the scab is spred through oute all the body And therefore Auicen aloweth wel the application of ventoses vpō the thighes with scarificatiōs we haue proued moreouer that laying of blood-suckers vpon the emorroidal veines is verye profytable to drawe oute gros melancholy and burned blood Pylles also in this case are greatlye praysed of Auicenne so that one onelye be taken at one tyme. But I was wonte to admynistre the pylles vnderwrytten ℞ of wasshed aloes ℥ i. of pylles of mastik ℥ ii make pylles lyke peason with the iuce of celydonye The receyte of them in hole parsōs is ʒ ss vnto .iii. ℈ Yf ye wyll haue it of a stronger purgation put therunto of pylles of fumiterry ℈ .i. c. ¶ The .v. Chapter Of the paynes of the ioyntes that is of artetik goute in the handes and feete and kneees ¶ To the moost reuerende lorde my lorde Sixtus prest of the Romayne church vicechaunceler of the titule of saynt Peter ad vincula A Passion arthetyke as the aunciente and later wrytters declare is an outwarde payne of the ioynctes caused of abūdaunce of fleume Of the peyne in the ioynctes and sometymes of colerike humours rennyng to the sayd ioynctes And according to the places wherunto the mattier floweth it receyueth sondrye names wherfore when it floweth to the fete it is called podagra when it floweth to the handes it is called chiragra and when it renneth to the knees it is called genugra and when the sayd humours be arriued into the hyppes it causeth the gout called sciatica The payne wherof is extended from the hippe to the lytle too In the goute called Podagra the peyne begynneth about the great too In chiragra about the fore finger or thōbe they whyche haue thys disease lyue in reste and pleasure a riotous lyfe wtout excersice of the body whiche also eate grosse and melancholike meates and pulses as beanes peason Cycers c. wherfore Ypocrates sayeth that the grecians called Helenes were troubled wyth the gout bycause they vsed to eate beanes and peason and other pulse Thys passion moreouer is founde in prelates of the churche in those whych were poore men and afterwarde came to some hye dignitie wherefore they gaue them selfe to slouthfulnes delicate lyuyng wherwyth the ioynctes are wont to be troubled wyth grosse slymye humours thorow euyl digestion wherfore moderate excercise is verye good to auoide this disease idelnes doth the cōtrarye For as yron cankreth when it is not exercised so mannes body thorowe rest is corrupted with euyl humours Neuerthelesse immoderate exercise chiefly vehement walkynge prouoketh the goute in the fete as Arnolde de noua villa doth witnesse sayeng of muche drynkynge of wyne of greate walkynge of often vse of women and by forbearynge of accustomed purgatiōs innumerable persōs become goutie And thys passion cometh by inheritaunce and it is merueylouse peynful chiefly yf it be engendred of a hote cause so that it bryngeth the patiente in despiratiō to a palsy to apoplexia to difficultie of breathyng perturbation of the sences and sodeyne death But the peynes of a goute caused of a colde grosse and slymye mattier be not very greate Howbeit they contynewe longe and therfore Hipocrates sayth that sometyme they are not ended in .xl. dayes But when the mattier is hote they ende in .xiiii. dayes as I haue sene in Iulio secundo I haue often sene that this disease hath proceded of a grosse slymye and chalkye mattier so that the mēbers haue euer remayned croked and knobbye And this kind of the gout receyueth no cure but a palliatyue cure as Ouide sayth Soluere nodosam nescit medicina podagram that is no medicyne can heale the knobbie gout And marueale not yf the peynes of ioynctes procedyng of a hote cause ben greate for as Galene sayeth that humours whyche cause peyne in the handes fete knees or haunches fyl the concauitie or holownes whych is betwene the ioynctes and stretche out the ligamētes muscules and synnowes and thorow that stretchyng a great peyn is caused and no crampe which peynes chaunce for the moost part in the spryng of the yere and in the heruest chiefly in the ioynctes of the fyngers and the toes Cornelius Celsus sayth to thys purpose that the peynes of ioynctes come soner to the toes and fyngers thā to other partes And the thys disease chaunceth not to gelded men nether to yong mē that haue not had copulation with womē nether to women that haue not theyr accustomed purgations reteyned To come to our purpose we ought to consider the cause and the accedentes of the disease And we must know that one kynde of the goute cometh of a colde cause an other of hote And of those the procede of hote mattier some are with great peyne as those which come of pure choler and some ar not of so great peyne they come of choler mēgled with fleume The peynes of the ioynctes procedyng of cold mattier are small moderate but they are hard to heale and dure longer as we haue said and the place where the peyne is is swollen and whyte But if the mattier be hote the place is red and in thys passion there chaunceth often a lytle fieuer whych is wont to ende whē the mattier leaueth his sinnowie places and cometh to the outwarde partes And therfore Galene sayth that in the peynes of the teeth and of the ioynctes it is a good signe For when swellyng chaunceth in the outwarde partes it is a greate token that the mattier hath left his synnewe and is come to the fleshye particule Further we saye that thys disease maye be nombred amonge colde and hote apostemes and therfore there be thre causes therof as antecedent primityue and conioyncte as we haue declared in the treatyse of apostemes The members from whence the mattier of the said peynes procede are diuers for when the mattier is flegma tyke and slymye it cometh from the stomake or from the brayne And yf the mattier be hote that is to say choleryke or sanguine those humours procede alwaye from the lyuer And so sayeth Anicenne declarynge that thys disease procedeth of the superfluitie of the seconde and thyrde digestion And the mēbers that receiue this mattier are the ioynctes But Anicēne deuideth these causes .iii. maner waies Fyrste into a cause efficient which hath humours Secōdly into a cause instrumētall and
swage the payne and to remoue apostemacion as is the yolke and whyte of an egge beaten wyth oyle of rooses omphacyne oyle of cammomylle and oyle myrtyne Moreouer the member muste not be bounde ne splented but it shall suffyce to ley the member comelye in a lynyn clothe whereof we wyll speake more playnelye here after In the sayd fracture the member moueth vneaselye for the cure whereof we haue dyscrybed a good remedye in oure antidotarye in the chapter of cerotes The fracture whyche is accoÌ„panyed wyth payne wyth an aposteme musclous flesshe brused and lytle peces of boones is of euell and harde curation and excepte the sayde accydentes be fyrste corrected and remoued there can be no good curation wherefore ye muste dylygentlye endeuoure yourselfe to remoue the same and afterwarde resorte to the proper cure at fractures I wyll speake of the remotion of them whan I shall treate of the foure ententions concernynge the cure of accydentes Furthermore the fracture that is with a wounde is cured wyth greate dyffycultie because it can not conuenyentelye be splented ne bounde for the mouth of the wounde muste nedes be kept open yee and that worse is splentes must not be vsed at al in thys fracture tylle ye be sure that there is nor shal be no apostemation Touchynge the restauration of a broken boone Bones muste be spedely râ—stored it must be done as sone as maye be for the aduoydaunce of aposteme and payne Wherefore in the daye and houre when the fracture chaunseth the chirurgien muste go aboute the restauration wyth the meanes aforesayde for whan the boone is hardned and somewhat bounde to gether wyth the pore called sarcoydes for the restauration thereof there nedeth extencyon or stretchynge of the member in whyche stretchynge as Auycenne sayth aspasme is to be suspected Ye shal vnderstand more ouer as the foresayde man sayth that yf the fracture be chaunged often and be often bathed wyth whote water and yf haste be in mouynge and therewyth al yf there be a pece of a bone that cannot be mayntayned wyth nature and yf the member be bounde to hard and layed vncomelye for these causes restauration is hindered Ye stall marke also that the fracture in old bodies and coleryk and in those that haue bene late sycke is slowelye cured throughe the defaute of noryshemente whyche shulde bynde and ioyne the bone to gether Signes of restauration A sygne of perfyte restauration of a fracture is when the broken member is lyke to his felowe in composicion and wyth oute payne and whan in the first dayes the payne swellynge is remoued Some boones are restored in .xxxv. dayes as the boones of the heade the boones of the rybbes in eyghte and twentye the canell bone in foure and twentye the boones of the shoulders in foure and twentie dayes the boone called adiutorium in fortie dayes the armes in foure and thyrtie the bones of the thyghe in fyftie dayes the boones of rascete of the handes in twentie dayes the boones of the legges in .xl. dayes Howbeit in thys case the age or complexion encreaseth or dymynysheth the tyme of restauracion of the same The vniuersall cure of fractures hathe .iiii. ententions as Galiene and Auycenne saye The fyrste is equacyon of the broken bone The second conseruacyon of the boone returned into hys naturall place The thyrde is a stronge and comelye byndynge of the poore called sarcoydes The fourth is to correct the accidentes As touching the fyrste entention the maner to restore broken members is thys Fyrste ye muste prepare a bedde and conuenyente cloutes and lyghce splyntes of woode whyche muste be .ii. fyngers brode and they muste be in dystaunce the one frome another the bredth of a fynger and they muste be compassed about wyth cloutes wette in vyneger and roose water and ye must prepare bandes .v. fyngers brode and also cordes meane betwene grosse and thyn Furthermore ye muste haue at hande whytes of egges beten wyth oyle of rooses and myrtyne for oyle myrtyne amonge other remedyes excelleth in restorynge of broken boones Lykewyse oyle of rooses omphacyne is to be admynystred in the fyrste medycyne wyth a pece of fyne flaxe dypped in oyle in suche quantitie as maye compasse the member rounde aboute and thys medycine muste be applyed warme in the somer and hoote in the wynter A nedle also and a threde are necessarye to the fyrste curation The sayde splyntes muste be lyghte as we sayde afore made of a wyllowe tree or of a scabbarde of asworde and lette them be wrapped wyth cloutes wette in warme water The length thereof muste be accordyng to the length of the broken member and fyue fyngers beyonde the fracture so that the ioynte be not hurted therewyth whan all these thynges be prepared ye must haue two expert mynisters of whyche one muste take the broken member in the nether part and the other in the ouer parte and they muste stretche oute the pacyente ryghtelie and strongely but yet with as lytle payne as maye be Than the mayster muste take the broken member aboute the fracture pressynge it myghtelye so that the peces of the boones maye be well set together and yf the fracture can not be broughte to hys place agayne than yf it be in the legge ye must roll it in a towell or bands vnder the knee and lette one mynyster drawe one ende towarde the ouer parte and the other mynyster the other ende towarde the nether parte layinge hys handes aboute the bowynge of the foote and than let the mayster compose the boones Lykewise yf the fracture be in the ouer parte of the thyghe set the band about the flaÌ„ke and drawe one of the endes towarde the ryghte syde and the other towarde the lefte syde crosse wyse and let the mynyster that muste holde the endes stande behynde the backe of the pacyente and so draw the same tyll the boone be redused to hys place And for as muche as the fracture is so hardened and glewed together by the pore called sarcoydes that the foresayde meanes are not sufficiente we muste as Hipocrates sayth vse an instrumente whyche instrumente as all the practicioners affyrme is wrythen and is called tortulare Fyrste ye muste bynde the pacyentes handes hys feete and ye muste tye hym vnder the armes to a pyller and extende the broken member as it is sayde before wyth two mynisters and in the tyme of the stretchynge the mayster muste compose and set the boones dulye together After the restauration is accomplyshed take a fyne lynen cloute dypped in hote oyle of rooses omphacyne and wyth oyle myrtine mingled together whych maye compasse the member after the length of the splentes and applye it wythoute wryncles or playtes And afterwarde ye shal ley two stoupes dyped in the white of an egge beaten wyth the foresayd oyles stretche them oute vpon the member beynge actuallye hote than take a bande and rolle it vpon the fracture streynynge it somewhat more stronglye
in the doctrine of wouÌ„des This restauration comunelye is brought to passe within .xx. daies Of diete purgation we haue spokeÌ„ sufficientlye in the vniuersall chapter of fractures As touchinge bynding though sondry men haue taught sondrye thynges therof neuertheles bycause the place is vnapt to be bounde it is better as experience hath taught vs onely to vse the forsaid remedies For if the bindyng shulde be to streit the meÌ„bers myght be made euyll fauoured therby yf it be to loose it shal profitte nothynge ¶ The .iiii. chapter of the breakynge of the iawes IT happeneth sometymes that the iawe boone is broken through a fal or through a stroke which thing is easely knoweÌ„ by the equality of the teeth and by the depressioÌ„ of the one iawe standing vp of the other For the restauration therof the doctours coÌ„maund to put the thombe into the mouthe vpoÌ„ the fracture to lift vp the bone and to lay the other hande vnder the chynne to lift vp the .ii. extremities of the bone and so ioyne them together The restauratioÌ„ of this fracture is knowen be the equalitie of the teeth by the natural figure of his felow Yf ye feare lest the teeth wyl fal let them be bouÌ„de with a goldeÌ„ threde or with a seared threde as ye shal thinke best After that the iawe is returned ye shal emplayster the place the space of .vii. dayes with the whyte of an egge beaten with the oyle of roses oyle myrtine a litle myldust afterward ye shall bynd it coÌ„ueniently Yf the fracture be with a wouÌ„d in the outward part ye muste procede as it is declared in the former chapter But if the wounde be within ye must procede with hony of roses and wyth sirupe of roses and afterwarde for the reste of the cure ye shall vse the remedies described in the former chapter Concernynge diete purgation and flebothomye ye shall resort to the vniuersal chapter of fractures and thus we make an ende c. ¶ The .v. chapter of the fracture of the canell bone of the brest called furcula IT chaunceth often that the canell bone of the brest is brokeÌ„ or depressed and moost comunely it is depressed towarde the inner part which thyng may be easely knowen by touchyng of the fingers Thys fracture maybe restored as foloweth First if the bone incline inward The cure ye must lift him vp thrustyng down the other part of the bone that standeth vp And yf it can not be reduced into his place by this meane ye must vse another remedy Let the patient syt vpoÌ„ a benche let him haue two ministers of whych let one holde the adiutory of the broken part let the other hold the adiutory bones stretch out the same ThaÌ„ let the maister restore the fracture thrustyng downe with his fingers the parte that standeth vp lyftynge vp the parte depressed And if there nede greater extention or stretchynge it is profitable to make a rounde thyng like a bowle to fyll it wyth cloutes to lay it vnder the forked bone then the pacient must encline his elbowe to his ribbes on the same syde For thys workynge maketh moch to the restoryng of a fracture Somtimes it chaunceth that the canel bone called furcula is only broken wtin is gretly depressed for the restauration therof the patient must laye hys belly vpward ye must lay vnder his shulder on the sore side a wel stuffed cusshen ye must thrust down the shulder stroÌ„gly with your handes til the pressed ê‘te of the canel bone be lifted vp which done let the fracture be made eueÌ„ wyth your fingers streining the bones stroÌ„gly And for asmuch as the forke bone is wont to be brokeÌ„ in smal peces causeth great peyne when ye perceyue that it is so ye must take awaye the peces make an incisioÌ„ which thyng must be wisely done lest the inner paÌ„nicle of the brest be touched Yf the canel boone be brokeÌ„ in his ende toward the adiutory the adiutory being depressed with the canel bone then ye must lyfte vp the adiutory with a round balle made with cioutes with baÌ„des tied vpoÌ„ the head vnder the adiutorye But if any pece of the forke bone be lifted vp aboue the adiutory which chauÌ„ceth seldom then the adiutory must in no wise be reised vp but ye must only restore it in drawing the shulder in pressing your fyngers vpoÌ„ it As touching pronosticatioÌ„ ye must know Pronostication that this fracture is of hard restauration it requireth a maÌ„ excercised in this affayre As touching diete ye shall resort to the vniuersal chap. of fractures As touching purgatioÌ„ phlebotomy let the patient be purged accordinge to his age coÌ„plexion with cassia maÌ„na diacatholicoÌ„ with the decoctioÌ„ of cordiall floures frutes the veyn of the head called cephalica must be cut on the coÌ„trary ê‘t of the sore wheÌ„ the canel bone is restored by handy operation let the place be emplaistred with stoupes wette in water wine wel wroÌ„gen therupon lay a plaister made with the white of egges myldust beateÌ„ with oyle of roses oyle mirtine vnto the seuenth day which remedy must be renewed euery seconde day For the rest of the cure the generation of the pore called sarcoides ye shall procede with the remedyes described in the forsaid chapter Yf a slender splent or in the stede therof a pece of lether be required in thys case let it be bounde on with coÌ„uenient baÌ„des vnto the ê‘fit restauratioÌ„ of the bone so it be done wythout payne leste mattier shulde be drawen to the place c. ¶ The .vi. chapter of the fracture of the shulder IT chaunceth seldome that the shulder boone is broken but it chaunceth often that the endes and sydes therof be broken For the curation whereof ye muste procede wiselye in conueyeng the broken parte into hys place with al diligence and it may thys be restored Lette the chirurgien thurst hys hande vpon the place that standeth vp and wyth the other hande let hym draw downe the toppe of the shulder accordyng to the length of the fracture By thys meane the parte lyfted vp or depressed maye be brought to hys proper place And yf nede be in the tyme of restauration ye may laye a great balle of flaxe moysted in wyne vnder the arme hole drawynge the elbowe downewarde towarde the rybbes And yf necessitie requyre let the chirurgien haue another minister helpyng hym yf he caÌ„ not restore the place by hym selfe When the boone is restored let the place be emplastred with stoupes moisted in wyne and water afterward lay vpoÌ„ it a playster made of myldust wrytteÌ„ in the vniuersal chapter of fractures and ye must laye vpon the plaister light splentes or in the stede therof peces of lether whyche muste be bound coÌ„ueniently and ye must leaue the balle vnder the arme holes For the reste
of the cure ye shal peruse the cha of fractures nether shal you chaunge the apparel or medicine but euery sixt day Some apply at the beginnyng only the white of an egge beaten with oyle of roses oile myrtyne And whē seuē dayes are passed they applye the foresayd plaister And this kynd of curing hath euer pleased me I haue obtayned therby honour and profitte Last of al I sealed vp fortifyed the place wyth embrocations and wyth the cerote writtē in our antidotary for fractures The restauration of this bone is dispatched in .xxiiij. dayes c. ¶ The .vii. chapter of attrition breakyng of the boones of the necke PAule as auicenne witnesseth sayeth that the bone of the necke maye receyue a fracture Howe be it Albucasar holdeth a contrarye opinion And thoughe it be so that a fracture chaunceth seldome in the bones of the necke by the reason of their roundnes Yet there happeneth oftē in them attrition whyche fracture and attrition be reason of the nobilltie of the nuke presēce of pānicles sinnowes of the same there ensue euyll accidentes as great peyne difficultie of brethyng stretchyng of the inwarde synnowes lacertes apostemation and palsy of the armes chieflye when the fracture is in the spōdiles of the necke But if the fracture be in the nether partes spondiles there foloweth a palsy of the thighes legges fete somtime death The pronostication of the fracture of the spondyles attritiō of the same is thys namely that yf the patient lye vpon the spondiles hys excrementes vryne wyndines come from hym they signifye death The cure of the attrition and fracture of the spondilles of the necke and of the backe without a wounde must be fynely and subtylye restored But yf the forsayd attrition or fracture be with a wounde ye must cōsider immediatly whether therbe any pece of a bone in the wounde and yf there be ye shal take it out discretlye and diligently to swage the payne ye shall put into the wound oyle of roses of mastyke of camomylle wyth the decoction of earth wormes wherunto if ye put a lytle of clere terebētine it shal be much the better we haue founde it good also to cōfort the nuke wyth thys vnction rubbynge it from the heade to the ende of the backe bone Howebeit Auicenne prayseth in al hurtes of the head hennes grese and oyle of dylle and of camomylle and dylle wherwythall ye may cōueniently boyle earthwormes Yf the fracture be wythout a wound and that the boone is restored to hys place ye shal apply at the begynnyng a plaister of mildust wherof we spake in the formerchapter and ye shall also vse lytle splentes and bynde them as it shall seme good Here ye shall note that the pacient must alway haue a loose belly eyther by nature or by a linityue clyster and at the begynnyng cut the veyne of the heade called cephalica in the hande cōtrary to the hurte place or in the stede therof ye maye vse ventoses vpon the buttockes and thus we make an ende ¶ The .viii. chapter of the fracture of the bone of the tayle or rumpe THere is a bone in the ende of the spine or the backe bone called os caude or the rumpe bone whych is manye tymes broken or displaced throughe a fall And comunely the practicioners restore it into hys place thrustyng down the part that standeth vp therwythall puttynge their thombe in the fundament lyftynge vp the bone depressed when the boone is reduced into his place ye shall applye vpon it a playster of mylduste or one of the playsters described in the vniuersall chapter of a fracture And ye must bynde it conuenientlye laye vpon it a splente halfe a handfull long wrapped in stoupes for the rest of the cure ye shal resort to the vniuersal chapter of fractures c. ¶ The .ix. chapter of the fracture of the bone called adiutorium ALbeit that we haue sufficientlye declared the knowlege of all fractures of boones in the vniuersall chapiter of fractures neuertheles I thoughte it good to declare the signes that signifye a full fracture of the boone of the adiutorie Wherfore as Auicenne sayeth in the boone adiutorye one parte is raysed vp and an other depressed when the chirurgien toucheth it he feleth the bone to moue and to crashe The restauration may be thus accōplished Firste all necessarye thynges must be prepared as we haue sayd in the fractures of greate bones and the chirurgien must haue two ministers of whych one must take the arme of the patient about the hand and the other must take the heade of the adiutory in both hys handes they must stretche the arme together the mayster must addresse the fracture into hys proper place as wel as he can After that the bone is restored into his natural place the chirurgien must applye a bande moysted in oyle myrtine and in oyle of roses omphacine afterwarde he must laye vpon it stoupes wyth the whyte of an egge rolled beaten with the forsayde oyles afterwarde he muste bind on the splentes and settle the member accordynge as it is declared in the vniuersal chapter And if the chirurgiē did cut the veyn called basilica or the comune veyne in the cōtrary arme it shuld be very profitable a clister going before Itē in the first daies the belly must be loosed with cassia manna and diacatholicon before the fourth day Also the syrupe vnder wrytten may be conueniently vsed in the mornyng from the first day of the fracture tyl the daunger of apostemation be passed to engrosse the mattier and to conforte the members R. of syrupe of roses by infusion of syrupe of violettes an̄ ʒ vi of the water of violettes buglosse and lupins an̄ ℥ i. for diete and chaung of remedies ye shal resort to the vniuersal chapter of fractures Thys restauration is confirmed in the space of .xl. dayes ¶ The .x. chapter of the fracture of the arme SOmetyme as Auicenne sayeth the two boones of the arme called focilia are broken and sometyme but one onely whē the litle bone is brokē it is easye to be restored but yf the greater boone be broken it is harde to be cured For the great focille is the which susteineth the arme and cometh to the lytle fynger The ende of the other focille bone is continued with the thombe And wilelmus Placentinus sayeth that in yong chyldren they ben tender and pliable The cure of this fracture and of the bowyng Cure differ not from the cure of the bones called adiutoria wherfore whē ye shal come to thys cure cōsider whether the fracture be in the lesse or greater focile or in both for yf the fracture be in the greater or in bothe the focilles then in the tyme of equation great stretchyng is required but yf the fracture be in the lesse focille then small stretchyng shal suffice wherefore prouide two
softe rere egges for throughe the mouynge of the iawes he myghte fall into hys olde dysease If the pacyente hathe no feuer he maye dryncke delayed wyne and yf he hathe a feuer he shall dryncke water sodden wyth honye ⸫ The thyrde chapiter of the dislocation of the spondiles of the necke HAliabas sayth that a complete dislocation of the spōdiles of the necke Dislocation of the necke bryngeth the pacyent with oute fayle to death by reasō of the wrestynge and breking of the sinowes and hurting the nuke for as Galiene sayth the accydentes of the nuke and of the brayne are like Wherefore in the dyslocation of the spondiles of the necke the pacyent is choked incontinently with the quince his breth is stopped and so he dieth sodenlye And lyke wyse through the dislocation of the spondyles of the brest by reason of the lacertes that moue it bicause the longes sease frō theyr natural action And of the dislocation of the spondiles of the necke and of the backe boone there is one whyche enclyneth towarde the inwarde parte the restauration whereof is impossible thoughe some men commaunde to applye ventoses vppon the necke and to prouoke neysynge in tyme of restauratyon whyche thing is reproued of Hypocrates There is another dislocation whyche enclyneth toward the outwarde parte and maye be restored as it foloweth The pacyent must lye vppon a bedde and ye muste bynde two bandes one vnder the chynne and an nother in the insteppes of the feete ye muste haue three mynisters which must draw together and than the master must addresse the dysplaced spondile thrustynge and pressynge harde vppon the dislocation howebeit he had nede to be a discret and an expert man But yf the dislocations of the spōdile be lower then the neck it is better to tye the bandes vnder the arme holes crossewayes There is another dislocation of the backe boone called of Haliabas arcuatio spine and that is whan some spondile is enclyned towarde the ryght or lefte syde and it maye be restored by the foresayde stretchynge and thrustyng of the spondile into hys naturall place Furthermore it is to be noted that in all dislocation of spondyles commynge aswel by a cause primytiue as bi a cause antecedente there is daunger leste a bunch happen in the place cheyfelye in yonge children but of the cure therof we wyll speke in our boke of addicions The sygnes of euel pronostication are these reteynynge of vryne Eyell sygnes and issuynge of excrementes agaynste the pacyentes wyll by reason that the synowes bene hurted and coldenes of the extreme partes and some tyme there chaunceth therewyth all dyslocation of the rompe and that is thus knowen as Auycenne sayethe namelye whan the pacyente can not bowe hys knee nor lyfte vp hys heele towarde hys rompe and whan there is greate payne and deformytie of the place for the restauration hereof the pacyent must lye vpon the bedde and hys belly downward and the master muste put hys thombe or hys myddle finger anointed with oyle of roses in to the foundament and he muste lyfte vp the boone as strongly as he canne and therewythall presse downe wyth hys tother hande the boone that standeth oute and so bryng it into hys naturall place After restauration ye muste applye vpon the place a plaister made of myl duste the whyte of an egge and oyle of roses and myrtine vnto the fourth day and for the rest of the cure ye may aply a playster of mylduste made with the iuce of plantayne and comferye wrytten in the vnyuersall chapter of dislocations And ye must bynd vpon the place a splente of woode or lether And thus we make an ende The .iiij. chapter of the dislocation of the shulder or of the toppe of the boone called adiutorium ⸫ DIslocation of the boone called adiutorium chaūceth not often but in the nether parte by reson of the thyckenes of the muscles whych are in the sayde places and because that the shulder is well couered and there chaunceth not often dislocation towarde the hynder parte as Auycenne sayth because the shulder defendeth it Lykewyse it chaunceth not towarde the breaste for there is a greate lacert whyche hath two heddes and kepeth the bone of the adiutorie that it be not dysplaced on that syde Howebeit Albucrasis saith that the toppe of the adiutorie maye be dysplaced on euerye syde whyche opynion is approued of very fewe wryters whan ye haue perceaued the dyslocation by the holownes vpon the shoulder and by swellynge vnder the arme hooles and by comparynge the one wyth the other ye muste go about the restauration wyth all spede yf thys dyslocation be in yonge chyldren ye maye restore it by puttyng your thōbe vnder the arme holes lyftynge vp the boone and drawyng downe the arme wyth the other hand And yf thys dislocation be in a stronge and harde bodye than ye muste putte a round pece of woode vnder the arme hooles and thrust the boone to his place after the maner as is aforesayd Howebeit we wyl declare .iiij. wayes to restore the boone into hys place The fyrste is to putte a wedge of woode vnder the arme viii fyngers or ynches longe and foure fyngers brode hauynge a rounde ende whych ende muste be compassed wyth stoupes and set iustly vnder the arme Then the master muste laye the pacyente vpon a benche or vpon a bedde and set hys heele vpon the tother ende of the wedge of woode and therwith all he muste drawe downe the arme wyth both hys handes as strōgly as he maye Thys is the moost certayne waye of restauration that is and it is of oure inuention There is a nother waye wyth a longe barre hauynge in the myddle a roundenes somewhat bigger than an egge made wyth stoupes and cloutes whyche barre muste be holden by two stronge mynysters vppon theyr shulders standynge in a hygh place that whan the pacyente hangethe on the barre settynge hys arme hoole vppon thys roundnes hys feet may not touche the grounde Than let one mynyster pul downe the arme of the pacyente and another hys feete to the grounde warde softely let there be a thyrde mynyster whych may thrust the shulder wyth hys handes beneth an other maner The pacyent must be hanged vppon the steppe of a ladder wrapped aboute wyth cloutes wyth some emynence or standynge oute after the maner of an egge and let hys arme be drawen downe myghtelye wherein ye shall marke that in the tyme of restauration the roundnes of the sayd steppe be vnder the armehole leste parchaunce the boone called adiutorium shulde be broken We haue another waye of restauration whyche is accomplysshed onelye by handes Ye must haue a lynnen band .iii. or .iiii. times doubled and ye muste tye it to a beame of a celler and set the pacyentes arme hole vpon the band fyrsteleying vnder as it were a great ball of cloutes and than vse the maner declared in the vse of the lader Furthermore
sodden in the brothe of fleshe it maye be vsed with oyle and pepper for it sharpeneth the syght Pastyes or pyes are seldome to be vsed Item muschrymes of all kyndes are to be auoyded If ye chaunce to vse them ye must seth them in water wyth leekes and afterwarde frye thē wyth organye and pepper All kyndes of fyshe except see fysh and skalye fysshe and all frutes that lyghtly be corrupted in the stomake muste be eaten in small quantitie The best among them are these grapes fygges prunes rype peches peres and apples of good sente These thynges my sonne Aluisius shal suffyce for preseruation of thy healthe yf thou remembre to kepe a moderation in slepe that is to saye that thou slepe not past .vii. or eyght houres and that in the nyght and not in the daye c. ¶ The .ii. Chapter Of Flebothomye and ventoses FLebothomye as the doctours testify is a good euacuation of humours and surer than a purgation receyued by the mouth for it lyeth in the chirurgyens wyll to emptye euyl blood and kepe in the good by closynge of the veyne And it is a synguler remedye to heale diseases procedynge of aboundaunce of bloode of euyll qualitie as Arnoldus de villa noua declareth gyuynge a good definition of the same Flebotomie and sayinge Flebothomye is the cuttynge of a veyne purgynge bloode and humours rennynge therewithall Here ye shall obserue a generall rule whiche is that ye purge the bellye wyth a lenitiue clyster before ye vse flebothomye lest the emptye veynes be fylled wyth euyl vapours ascendynge from dregges and noughtye humours The lettynge of blood must neyther be to aboundaunte nor to smalle for yf it be to aboundaunt the strengthe of the pacyent shall be weaked yf it be to smalle the disease shall not be cured Howbeit it is better to fall in to lytle then in to moch wherfore Auicenne sayeth that we must auoyde that we brynge not the patient to one of these two infirmyties that is to saye to the boylynge oute of colerycke humours or to the rawnesse of colde humours Rasis sayeth that flebothomye vsed in due tyme mayntayneth health and defēdeth diseases It semeth conuenient to cut a veyne the seconde or thyrde day of the sycknesse but it is better to renewe flebothomye than to let oute moche blood at ones for lyfe consistteth in blood Flebotomye preseruatyue maye not be vsed in wynter nother in somer but in the spryng of the yere and in haruest Antonius Gaynerius saythe that whan yong menne ben infected with the pestilence they muste be let blood aboundantlye for so the venemouse matter maye be soone purged and the pacient healed But ye shal note that as flebothomye duly vsed is the cause of many commodities so if it be vsed out of season and inordinately beside that it weakeneth nature it bringeth many diseases as the dropsye c. Wherfore we muste procede discretelye If flebothomye be vsed for the remouynge of some disease a lenytyue clyster muste go before and the nexte daye ye must cut a veyne afterward ye must geue an other medicine of gentle solution The doctoures assigne many vtilities of flebothomy The first is to emtye all humours the seconde to turne matter frome place to place the thrid to drawe the fourth to alter the fifte to preserue the bodye that it fal not in to some disease the syxt to lyghten the patient wherof Galene speketh sayeng If the patientes age and strengthe wyll suffer it is verye good to cut a veyne not onelye in continuall feauers but in all diseases commyng of rotten humours Howebeit flebothomy must not onely be vsed because of multitude of humours but also because of the foresayd vtilities and for the intemperance of diseases The in temperaunce of a disease as Galene sayeth is accordynge to .iii. thynges that is to say accordyng to the principalitie of the greued parte according to the actiuitie of the disease accordyng to the euyll qualytie and disposition of the same Seynge that we haue shewed the vtylyties of flebotomye we wylle nowe declare what veynes are wont to be cutte A declaration of the order of phlebotomye and whan persones maye endure the cuttynge of theym Those whyche maye endure flebothomy are menne of strong and sanguyne complexion hauyng ample and large veynes Contrary wyse weake and pale personnes can not susteyne flebothomye neyther chyldren before they be twelue nor olde menne after .lxx. yere olde excepte great necessitie requyre it Howebeit Auenzoar dyd lette his sonne bloode at thre yeare olde The veynes whyche are wont commonly to be opened are these fyrst the veynes of the forhead agaynste the dysease ophtalmia and the mygryme to heale greatte peynes in the heade and the frenesye and a leprye not confyrmed The .ii. veynes whiche are founde in the necke are sometyme cut to auoyde humours and rewmes The veyne aboute the nosthrilles is commonly cutte to recouer lost hearynge and to purge the humours of the head Item the .ii. veynes whych are within the mouthe are cutte agaynste skalles and pustules in the heade and agaynst peynes of the teth and of the iawes Also it amendethe heuynes of the head and dyseases of the mouthe and of the throte The veyne of the lyppes beyng cut easeth apostemes of the throte and of the gummes The veyne that is in the toppe of the nose is cut agaynste heuynesse of the head and droppyng of the eyes The two veynes vnder the tongue are cutte for the passions of the throte chyefly for the quynce to purge the matter conioncte The veyne betwene the lytle fynger the ryng fynger is opened for the diseses of the mylt and quartayne feuers The veyne called cephalica is cutte in the hande agaynst the passions of the heade and the eyes at the begynnynge in the contrarye parte and in the state on the same syde that the matter conioyncte maye be purged The veyne called Cardiaca or mediana is cut agaynst passions of the harte The veyne called Basilica or epatica is ordeyned for the passions of the lyuer and in them that haue quarteyne feuers The veyne called Saphena whyche is in the insteppe is wonte to be cutte agaynst the payne in the hyppes and agaynst inflammation and a postemes of the stones and the matrice and to prouoke the floures The veyne called sciatica which is in the outward parte of the fote is opened agaīst the dysease called also sciatica The veynes behynd the eares are opened agaīst apostemes of the eyes and to amende remembraunce and mundifye pustles and spottes of the face The veynes of the tēples are opened to swage greate payne of the eyes and to heale the dysease called Ophtalmia And whē they ben opened the heade muste be bound diligentlye The veynes emoroidall are opened or haue leches applyed vnto them to purge melancholyke humours and to preserue the body from leprye canker scabbes mortmale vertigo and melancholia And therfore Hipocrates
cephalica in the contrary side afterwarde to geue the patient a digestiue made of syrupe of violets roses waters of borage hoppes vnto the fyft day cōsequentlye to administer this medicine folowynge R. of cassia diacatholicō an̄ ʒ vi make morcelles with suger Or for rich men ye maye vse this medicine R. of chosē māna of diaprunis not solutiue or diacassia an̄ ʒ vi of good reubarbe infused according to art ℈ ii make a smal potion with the water of endyue hoppes addinge of syrupe of violettes ℥ i. The reason why phlebotomy is more conuenient at the beginning then a solutiue medicine is this The humours which are redy to rūne to the wounded mēber brynge it to an aposteme are bloode cholere wherfore the cuttynge of the veyne cephalica on the contrary part is necessary to turne awaye to purge the sayd humours As touchyng thys purgation ye shall note that ye muste not geue the patient a medicine wher into scamonye entreth for as Auerroes sayth Scamonye troubleth and inflameth the humours and can not be so corrected but it wyll hurte the principall members And Galene sayeth that the aposteme vpon the ryme Dura mater is a sharpe disease and in sharpe diseases stronge medicines must not be geuen but such as purge easely wythout violence HOwe we wyll describe the instrumentes wherof we made mention afore The first instrumēt called instrumentū masculum must be made of fyne stele about the length of .viii. fyngers in the ende wherof there must be an handel like the handel of a wymble or percer in the other ende it must haue small teeth lyke a sawe and must be holow the length of fyue ynches hauynge a quadrate and sharpe pricke in the middes therof standing out a litle farther then the saw whych shal serue onely to make a cercle vpon the skulle The seconde instrument shal be made as the fyrste wythout any pricke in the myddest Neuertheles a nespula is set in the toppe of the saw dented or tothed to cutte two maner of wayes for one part of the nespula must cut the bone towarde the ryght syde when the instrument is turned to the same syde the other parte of the nespula muste cut towarde the lyft side when the instrumente is turned to the same side The effecte of thys instrumente is to perce the skulle vnto the second table and is called nespula femina The thyrde instrument whyche is called instrumentum securitatis shal be holowe and dented and shall haue a handle also shal be holowe dented without a nespula and without a pricke in the middes but it shall haue entring in the ende of the saw a peece of yron or of siluer .iii. ynches longe after the facion of a wrethed vyne and in the maner of a vice whiche when it is turned aboue by litle and lytle shal perce the second table without daunger of hurtyng the ryme dura mater The fourth instrumēt is called lenticula it must be made with the said wrethed vine or vice as it is sayd in the thyrd instrument and it must haue no saw and in the ende it shal haue a lenticula an ynche aboue it must haue a lineal rounde instrument to reteyne or holde the sayde instrument For the lēticula shal helpe to remoue the roughnes or prickes of the boone Also a file shall take awaye the sayd peces of bones and thus the skulle may be perced wythout daunger ¶ A chapter of the cure of woundes of mariners soulders Forasmuch as the bodies of mariners and souldiours ar customed to labour the cure of theyr woundes must differ from them that are of delicate cōplexion lyue idelly Fyrste yf they be hurt in the head ye shal procede with the remedies declared in the chapter of the cure of woūdes that is to say with a capital cerote aqua vite and Auicennes pouder And if they be hurt vpon the ioynctes wyth a great wounde ye shall cauterise the same wounde with a lyght cauterie of terebētyne oyle of roses and afterward ye shall sewe vp the same leauyng in the lowest part a hole that the water may issue out ye shall put a tent in the hole moysted wyth oyle of the yolkes of egges or wyth oyle of ipericō with as much terebentyne And vpon the wounde ye shall laye vnguentum basilicon magistrale of our description and whan quytture is ingendered in the wound in stede of oyle of ipericō ye shal apply a mūdificatiue of sirupe of roses Item a playster of beanes whyche we ordeyned for the goute is conueniente in thys case And yf the wounde be in a fleshye place ye shall make a seame and washe the place wyth aqua vite with a pouder made of aloes and myrrhe And ye must lay therupon vng basilicum of oure description If the wounde be wyth losse of substaūce by an instrumēt called a scopette then after cauterisatiō of the place ye shall finishe the cure as we haue declared in a proper chapter therof when the wounde perceth into the stomake or into the belly ye shall likewyse procede wyth aqua vite aloes myrrhe and with a cerote of minium wrytten in a chapter of additions Finallye ye maye also vse conueniently thys playster folowynge ℞ of beane floure li. ii of branne fynely poudred li. i. seeth them wyth sufficient sapa whyte wyne a lytle water tyll they be thycke addynge of oyle of roses camomylle and dylle ana ℥ i. ss As touchynge diete and conuenient potions ye shall resorte to the chapter of woūdes that perce into the brest c. ¶ The maner of cuttynge veynes from the heade to the fete ALbeit that in a proper cha of flebotomy in the nynth boke we haue spokē largelye of the cōmodities incōmodities therof yet that the doctrine of the sayd chapter may be more playne we wyll here declare howe ye may vse phlebotomy as well diuersiue as euacuatiue in apostemes woundes and breakynges of bones Fyrst it is a general rule that phlebotomye be made in the contrary parte by one diameter complete excepte the mattier be venomouse and thys must be done in the begynnyng to augmentation but in the state ye must cutte a veyne in the same syde for then there is no intention to turne awaye the mattier whyche floweth no longer Yea it is ryghte conuenient to purge the bodye by phlebotomye euacuatiue for then the mattier anticedente is found vnder the fourme of the mattier conioyncte The order of phlebothomy As concernynge the order of phlebotomye all the auncient and later doctours kepe this that foloweth that is to saye yf the mattier be in the ryght the bodye and the heade not beyng ful of humours then a clister premised it is mooste conuenient to open the veyne called cephalica whyche is betwene the forefinger and the thombe of the contrary hande but in the state the practicioners
Aristologia Aristolochia hathe his name of that that it helpeth greatly women in labour for the expulsyon of the secondes There bene two kyndes hereof the male and the female The male is called longe the female rounde The roote of the Female is rounde lyke a rape but the male is an ynche thycke and a span longe Wyllyam Turner a man besydes his other lerning of excellēt knowlege in herbes shewed me that he founde this herbe in Italye with a frute fassyoned lyke a pere And he gaue me seedes to set howbeit they prospered not Aromatike Aromata be spyces of good odour Aromatike is that that hath the nature and qualitie of good spyces Arsenyke Arsenicon is a greke worde and is called in latyne auripigmētū bicause it hath the colour of golde And it is digged oute of mynes and hath vertue to gnawe to bynde to represse It rayseth bladders lyke fyre and fynally it roteth vp heere 's and causeth baldnesse Vigon vseth arsenike and auripigmentū for .ii. thinges whiche difference I fynde not in lerned auncient auctours Aromaticum rosatū Aro ro is a confection made of red roses saunders cinamome c. to comforte the herte and the stomake Arthetica Arthritis is when there is weakenesse in all the ioyntes of the body a noughty humour flowing to the same It is caled podagra whan the humour is in the feete chiragra when it is in the handes Ischia dica or as they call it sciatica whē it is about the huclebone whiche is called ischion in Greke Arterie An arterie is the waye passage or conduyct of the natural spirites as a veyne is the waye of bloode Asa Asa fetida is a stynkynge gumme which heateth vehementlye Asparage Asparagus is an herbe ful of braūches and longe leaues lyke fenell his roote is greate long hauing a būche There bene two kyndes hereof The garden asparage is a good meate for the stomake and looseth the bellye Assignatio Assignatiō appoyntynge Assarum bacchar Some cal assarū wylde spikenarde Some Asarū bacchar It is an herbe of good odour hauynge leaues lyke yuye sauynge that they ben lesse and rounder The floure of this herbe is of purple colour wherin there are seedes lyke the stones of grapes Thys herbe healeth and prouoketh vryne Hermolaus Barbarus teacheth that there is a difference betwene Asarum Bacchar though theyr vertues are lyke Ruellius sayth that Bacchar is called in the countrie our ladyes gloues Aspis Aspis is a venemous serpente whose styngyng bryngeth heuynesse of the heed and slepynesse Attractiue That is called attractiue that hath strength to drawe to a place Attrition Attrition wearynge asondre Augmentation Augmentatio Encrease Atramentum minerale Atramentū minerale or metallicū groweth togyther in mynes of brasse and semeth to be of the nature of brasse It hath the same strength to burne that vitriolle Romayne hath Baurach BAurach is the fome of the salte called nitrum And therefore it is called in Greke Aphronitrum Baucia The later wryters cal pastinacū that is persnepes Bauciam Bedeguar Serapion teacheth that bedeguar is that that Dioscorides calleth spinam albam which groweth in moūtaynes and wooddye places wyth rough and pryckynge leaues purple leaues and an hollowe stalke and whytysh in the toppe wherof it hath a pryckye heed Bechichie Bechichie I thynke they wolde saye Bechie that is agaynst the cough For Bechion sygnifyeth the cough in Greke Ben. Ben. Dioscorides calleth ben balanon myrepsicam and the latynes glādē vnguentariam And the sayde autour teacheth that it is the frute of a tree growynge in Ethiopia Egypt and Aphrica about the bignesse of an hasel nutte which frute being pressed sendeth out a liquour which they vse in precyous oyntmentes Biarbor Loke in vitis alba for the Italiās call vitis alba biarbor Bdelium Bdelium is a lyquoure of a tree of Arabie Bisantia The pandectarie sayth that bizantia is the iuce of herbes that prouoke vryne Blacce bisantie Blatte bisātie ben shel fyshes found in India in waters by whiche spikenarde groweth they eate the spykenarde and therfore haue a pleasaunt and aromaticke odoure The smoke hereof draweth downe the secondes of women and the same rayseth thē vp that haue the fallynge sycknesse The latynes call them vngues odoratos Bolearmenie Bolearmenie is a veyne of red erth founde in armenie Boras Boras other wryte it borax and Plinie sayth that it is a lyquoure in pyttes runnyng by a veyne of golde and by the colde of wynter it is hardened It is called in greke chrysocolla as if you wold saye the glue of gold Bozomus This worde Bozomus is found in no good auctour that euer I chaunced to see Bromus in greke signifieth the corne which we call Otes let the reader iudge whether Vigon vse bozomus for bromus Bruscus Some thynke that Bruscus is a wilde myrt It hath leaues prycking in the ende and a frute lyke cheryes The latynes call it ruscum In some places they make besommes of it to swepe pauementes I founde it Englysshed in an olde wrytten boke litholme Some call it gueholme Bubon Bubon is a swellynge in the kernelles In the pestilence it is wonte to appeare in the necke in the flankes and vnder the armehooles CAncrena Gangrena is whan some parte of the body through gret inflāmation dieth but is not yet perfitly deed when it is perfytelye deed and without felynge it is called sphacelos in Greke whiche they haue turned to ascachillos sideratio in latyne Some saye that gangrena is whan a membre is apte to putrefye Ascachillos when it is putrifyed but hathe not al partes of putrefaction Esthiomenos when a membre hath all degrees of putrefaction Camphore Camphora or as some wryte it caphura is a gumme of red coloure spottie And it is cold and dry in the thyrd degree It stoppeth blood with vynegre and defendeth hote apostemes c. Cantharides Cantharides are certayne as it were flyes of sondry colour of longe bodyes hauynge yolowe and croked strakes on theyr wynges They haue strength to drawe heate to the ouermost part of the bodye and to blystre Capsula cordis Capsula cordis called pericardion in Greke is the skynne that couereth the herte the skaberde or sheth of the herte Caput monachi Caput monachi soundeth a monkes heed and it is thought to be the herbe which the Grecians call buphthalmon that is oxe eye and whyche we call mayweede Carduus benedictus Carduus benedictus Hieromye Tragus sayeth that they are disceyued whiche thynke that car bene is groundeswel or housleke and he iudgeth it to be carduus which is a thistell bearynge floures somwhat redder than purple Some cal it wolfethystell Cassia Cassia fistularis or nigra is a frute longe rounde hollowe conteynynge in it a liquour rongeled which is deuyded by certayne spaces as it were with thyn peces of wood it purgeth boylyng colere There groweth an other cassia in Arabie of colour lyke coral of a pleasaunt odour it is called cōmenly
cerote called Isope it oughte to be thus redde of Galenes cerote of fat called Isope or of Galenes cerote of Isope Ireos The Apothecaries vse the genitiue case for the nominatiue Iris is the roote of the flouredeluyce when it is put in receites Iua Iua muscata is thought to be a kinde of chamaepitys Loke for chamepitys The Germaines calle Iua or Ibiga vergessemeinit that is forgette me not Iuleb Iuleb is made of â—uâ—ed waters or of iuyces and sugâ—â— Iuiubae Iuiubae are frutes whiche the latines calle zizipha Howbeit Brasâ—â—olê° saieth that they 〈◊〉 rather thaÌ„ frutes The phisicions vse them in decoctions for the breste Lacea LAcha is a gumme or liquor of a tree in Arabie hauing a pleasaunt odour some calle it cancamum Lacertes Braunie synnowes Lanciola Vigo sayeth that Lanciola is hote and drye in the fourth degre therfore I thinke he meaneth speare worte LaÌ„ciolata signifieth the lesse plantaine Lapis lazuli Is a stone of blewe colour whiche as Dioscorides sayeth is digged out of brasse mynes in Cypres The french men calle it pierre dazur that is the stone of azure Laudanum Resorte to Hypoquystidos Lethargus Lethargê° is a disease which bringeth a merueilouse necessitye of sleeping and forgetfulnes of al thynges Lethe in Greke signifieth forgetfulnes argia ydlenes slouthfulnes Leuitiue That that soupleth is called lenitiue Ligamentes Ligamenta come of ligando whiche signifieth to bynde Lingua passerina Lingua passerina is the female of wylde tasell Peruse Vigon in virga pastoris Lignum aloes Lignum aloes otherwise called agal lochon is a wood brought out of India and Arabia spottie of stronge sauoure and somewhat bytter in taste Liniment Liniment is an oyntmeÌ„t linire signifieth to smere to annoynte Litarge Litargyrion spuma argenti that is to saye the fome of syluer is made partlye of burnte syluer and partly of burnt leade That whych is of yelow coloure is called litargyrion auri litarge of golde Local They cal that local that perteyneth to a place that muste be applyed vpon some outwarde parte of the bodye Loch Loch is vsed for an electuarie in a liquide fourme wyth some slymines that it may tariesome whyle before it synke in to the stomake Lotions Lotions washynges Lunaria The dutch men cal lunaria moone-kraute that is moone worte bycause the leafe therof resembleth the halfe moone Some thynke it to be a kynde of nyghtshade as we haue shewed in Manicon Lupines Lupinus is a kynde of pulse soÌ„what bytter excepte it be steeped in water The floure of lupines hathe vertue to discusse to drye to open c. Lutum sapientiae LutuÌ„ sapientiae is made of wheate floure and moyste paper small toosed and wyth the whytes of egges beaten Licium Licium is a tree ful of pryckes and it beareth frute lyke pepper of blacke coloure and bytter in taste A iuyce is gathered out of the rootes stamped wyth the other partes of the tre which is much vsed in confections Maculae MMaculae ben wheÌ„ throughe a strype bloode is gathered betwene the skynnes of the eye litle spottes appearing in the outwarde parte Malaxe Malasso in greke signifieth to soften to mollifie MalabathruÌ„ There bene two kindes of malabathrum One is the leafe of a tree in Siria whereout an oyle is strayned The other swymmethe vppon marysshes in India without a roote The apothecaries calle malabathrum folium Indie Malum mule I thynke that malum mule is the kybe called in greke cheimallon bycause it commeth in the wynter Manicon There bene foure kyndes of nyghtshade The fyrst groweth in gardens and is called morrell The seconde is that that is called Alkakengi The thyrde is called lunaria The fourthe manicon bycause it bryngeth maddenes For mania in greke is madnes Malignitie Though malignus be properlye illiberall yet they take it comunelye for wycked mischeuous c. Manna Manna is a dewe thicked and fallynge in certayne places vpon trees so gathered and vsed for purgations It is brought from the mount libane Some cal it mel aerium that is honye of the ayre Maturatiue That that hathe strength to rype is called in latine maturatiuum Maturation Maturation rypynge Mesenterion That parte whych is sette in the myddeste of the entrayles and is tied to the backe is called Mesenterion or Mesaraeon To whych mesareon ther descende veynes from the gate of the lyuer whyche veynes the lyuer vseth as handes to brynge hym iuyce from the stomake Mediastine From the skynne that gyrdeth and enuironeth the ribbes there growe out two thinne skinnes one froÌ„ the right and the other froÌ„ the lyfte syde which as it were make an hedge and deuide the middle of the bodye And thys is it that they cal Mediastinum Marchasita Marchasita is a stone wherwyth brasse is tryed out It is lyke brasse wheÌ„ it is strycken sparkes of fyre flye out therfore it is called pyrites in greke For pyr signifieth fyre Thys stone hath vertue to scour awaye such thinges as darken the syght Merdasengi Merdasengi is vsed for litarge or burnte leade resorte to lithargyrion Minerals are thynges digged out of mynes Memithe Some thynketh that memithe is the iuyce of the great salendine or celidony But Leo. Fuchsius other lerned meÌ„ affirme that they are deceiued say that it is rather glauciuÌ„ which as Dioscorides sayeth is the iuyce of an herbe growynge about the citie hierapolis in Syria hauynge leaues lyke vnto poppie and a iuyce of yelowe coloure which cooleth and is ministred in me dicines for the eyes Melissa Melissa in greke signifieth a bee It is taken for an herbe wherein the bees delite Some call it baume Mercurie Mercurie is vsed somtyme for an herbe of that name and somtimes for quyckesyluer MiliuÌ„ solis Lithospermon for it is iudged to be milium solis hath leaues like oliue leaues but they bene longer and broder The brauÌ„ches ben streyght smal and woody The seedes are smal and stonie and beynge dronken with whyte wyne they breake the stone Milium Milium is a kind of corne It hath vertue to coole and to drye to make thynne as some thynke Minium Dioscorides sayth that minium is made in Spayne of a certayne stone mengled wyth syluersande The paynters call vermillon whych is made of brimstone and quyckesyluer minium whiche is in dede cenabriuÌ„ or cinober Vigon sayth that it is made of cerusse through burnynge Antonius Musa sayeth that in the veynes of quycksyluer there is dygged out a clotte of red coloure whych hath redde dust about it that duste is minium after the sayde auctours opinion Minoratiue That the diminisheth or maketh lesse they call minoratiuuÌ„ Mirtilles The seedes of myrte are comunelye called myrtilli Howebeit Iohn VigoÌ„ often tymes byddeth to take the leaues and graynes of myrtilles vsyng myrtilles for myrte Mirach Vnder the vpper skynne of the bellie there is another skynne whych the Arabians call Myrach the latine abdomen and sumen the grecians epigastrion After the muscles of
retayneth the meate so longe tyll by the alteratiue power it is turned into good iuyce ThaÌ„ the stomake reserueth the beste for hys owne noryshment dryueth downe the rest vnto the guttes and froÌ„ theÌ„ce that that is best is returned to the liuer by the veynes called meseraicae Howbeit that the lyuer shulde not tarye to longe for hys meate the stomake sendeth vnto hym in the meane season by lytle short veynes whyche growe to the lyuer and to the stomake the fyneste and purest parte of his prepared iuce Pessarie Pessus is woll toosed and made rounde after the fassyon of a fynger wherewith medicines are receyued and conueyed into the matrice Phlegmon Phlegmone besyde boylyng heate sygnifyeth a paynefull redde harde swellynge Petrolium PetroliuÌ„ is vsed for naphtha which droppeth out of a babilonyke lyme hath power to drawe fyre vnto hym though it be somewhat remoued Pilosella Pilosella is founde in no lerned auctour Howbeit the later wryters descrybe it to be an herbe that groweth in stonie and drye places with a red floure and with leaues spredde vpon the grounde in which leaues ther beÌ„ as it were heere 's and therfore they haue barbarously called it pilosella of pilus an heere The description agreeth with mouseeare sauiÌ„g in the flour It is Englysshed in an olde wrytten boke hertwort Where this herbe is not found some thinke it good to vse mouseeare PhilomuÌ„ PhilomuÌ„ is a confection so called of Philon the inuentoure of it or as some saye of philos which sygnifyeth a frende bycause it is frendlye to hym that receyueth it Policariam The auctour of the paÌ„dectes sayth that they vse policaria for conyza which is that that the latines cal pulicaris which may be called fleiwort For pulex signifieth a fley Ieronimê° Tragê° thynketh that one kynde of pulicaris is arsmerte This herbe dryueth awaye fleys Polium montanuÌ„ PoliuÌ„ montanuÌ„ is a lytle shrubbe of whyte colour an handfull hyghe full of seede In the top it hath a lytle heed lyke the hoore heere 's of a man smellynge strongly wyth some pleasauntnesse Polypodie Some call polipodiuÌ„ oke ferne It draweth out fleame and cholere but chefely melancholye Pori vritides Vreteres ben passages by whyche brine sondred from blood is coÌ„ueyed to the bladder Psidia They vse psidia for sydia whiche signifyeth the ryndes of a pomegranade Psillium Psillium hath his name of psille which signifyeth a fley For the seede of this herbe is like a fley and is vsed in medicines to coole The latines also call this herbe pulicaris of fleys It groweth nygh the see and also in other vntylled and baren places Pthisis Phthisis in Greke signifyeth wastyng a consumynge sycknesse a consumption as we call it Pulsatiue Pulsatiue Beatynge Pruna Pruna a fyrye coole Resort to anthrax Pustles There ben two kyndes of pustles or pusches For some pusches are hygh some brode The hygher are engendred of hote and subtyle humoures and cause ytchyng and are called of some morbilli The brode ar lower and come of grosse and cold humoures neither cause ytchynge and bene called variolae of barbarous wryters Putrefactiue That that hath power to rotte is called putrefactiuum Pyretrum Pyrethron is called in latyn herba fauliaris bycause it prouoketh spettel merueilously it groweth in the mouÌ„taynes of Italye called Alpes Howbeit that that commeth out of grecelaÌ„de is hoote It hath his name of fyrye heate For pyr in greke signifyeth fyre And our worde fyre is borowed of the grecians by addition of this lettre H as the custome of the hyghe Almaynes is whose speache we vse make of pyr phyr whereunto we haue put of our owne letter E and pronounce it phyre Rasceta RAsceta the barbarous doctours call the wrest of the hande vnto the knoccles Rascetam Radicall Radical belongyng to the roote Realgar Realgar is made of brymstone vnsleked lyme and orpigment It kylleth rattes Refrigeration Refrigeration coolynge Repletion Repletion fyllyng Restauration Restauration renuynge repayryng restorynge Repercussiue Repercussiue that that hath power to dryue backe Resolutiue Resolutiue loosynge Retentiue Retentiue retaynyng holdynge backe Ribes Serapion sayeth that ribes is a plante hauyng great and grene leaues redde clusters of swete taste Io. Agricola sayeth that for Ribes we maye vse the iuyce of an orenge or of sorell Rob. Rob or robub is vsed for a purifyed iuce thycked by the heate of fyre or of the sunne vnto the forme of honye Fuchsius calleth it Succum medicatum Ruptorie Ruptorie that that hath strength to breake Salis gemme SAl gemmae In the Mountaynes of Germanie and Pannonie ther is a salt dygged out whereof the whitest is called Sal gemmae bycause it shyneth lyke a precyous stone Sanamunda Sanamunda Auens Sanious Sanious full of matture fylthe corruption Sandarache There ben two kyndes of Sandarach one is of the nature of metalles dygged out of the grounde about hypanis a ryuer of Schythia the other is counterfayte made of ceruse boyled in a fornace Sanguis draconis Sanguis dra soundeth dragons blood for Plinie thought it to be a coÌ„mixtion of dragons and Elephantes bloode when they fyght togyther the dragon being oppressed by the fall of the elephant Other think that which we coÌ„menly vse in medicines to bethe lyquoure of a tree And Cadamustus sayeth that he sawe the tree in one of the newe found ylandes Sarcocoll Sarcocoll is the lyquour of a tree growynge in Persia Sarcocides The Grecians call that Sarcocides that hath the resemblaunce of flesshe Sapa Sapa is newe wyne sodden vnto the thyrde parte Saphatum Runnynge sores whiche perce the skynne of chyldrens heedes with sondry lytle holes wherout there coÌ„meth a gluysh matture and filth ben called of the later barbarous wryters Saphata in Greke achores Sebesten Sebestae bene frutes lyke prunes which in Siria they strayne and gather out a slymye liquour wherwith they make lyme And for this cause the later wryters call them myxas For myxa signifyeth grosse and slymye liquoure These frutes are vsed to quenche thyrste and represse cholere Scarification Scarification scorchynge raysynge of the skynne Sclirotike Sclirotike The fyrst skynne of the eye which conteyneth vnder hym all the other skinnes couereth in the hinder parte the glassye and cristalline humour is called in Greke Scleros and barbarouslye sclirotike that is to saye harde Sclirosis Sclerosis hardnesse ScaÌ„monie ScaÌ„monia is an vnknowen herbe the iuce of it is vsed to purge choler and they call it diagredium or diacrydion It is of a stronge sauour vnplesaunt in taste and payneth the herte And therfore some wish that it were vsed nomore Scotomia They shoulde saye Scotoma and it is a disease when darkenesse ryseth before the eyes and wheÌ„ all thynges seme to go round about Scotos in greke signifyeth darknes This disease is called vertigo in latyne ofâ—nâ—nyng about though some go about to make a foolysh difference of scotoma and vertigo Semen macedonicum Semen macedonicum is the