Selected quad for the lemma: hand_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
hand_n	body_n	soul_n	spirit_n	5,254	5	5.2345	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A69834	Galen's art of physick ... translated into English, and largely commented on : together with convenient medicines for all particular distempers of the parts, a description of the complexions, their conditions, and what diet and exercise is fittest for them / by Nich. Culpeper, Gent. ...; Technē iatrikē. English	Galen.; Culpeper, Nicholas, 1616-1654.	1652 (1652)	Wing C7517; Wing G159; ESTC R22670	55,815	130

quantity hot or cold drink in respect of quality too frequent coming to or too long absenting from the School of Venus sweating motion or the like retention and immoderate flowing of the Menstruis or the Hemorrhoids all these are Neutral Indications of a sickness to come judg the like by an unaccustomed dulness of mind an usual forgetfulness troublesom sleeps deafness of the Ears dulness of the sight the bulk it self of the Body either greater or lesser than usual or whiter redder paler or blacker oftner sneezing belching or breaking wind than usual the excrements of the Brain purged out by the Ears Mouth or Nose altered either in Qantity Quality or Time and to conclude Whatsoever Natural thing else in the Body of man is altered in respect of Quantity Quality or Time 2. The Second kind of Indications consist in such things as are not natural to the Body and yet they are not so violent neither to cause a Disease such are Gnawings at the Stomach or Guts pain Vomiting Headach Heaviness of the Head overmuch sleeping or watching these shew the disposition to be either sick or Neutral judg the like when the Sences are burdened with any thing against Nature so long as they are not immoderately burdened neither hinder a man from his usual Imployments they are but Neutral signs of a Disease for instance when whatsoever is tasted tasts salt or bitter though it be nothing less when things smell stinking to the Nose though in themselves they have no such smel in them noise in their Ears black blew or red things appearing before the Eyes when there is no such thing present numbness or soreness in feeling stretching compression gnaving or heaviness of Body all these shew a Neutral disposition at present and a Sickness to come Chap. 83. Signs of a Sick Body VVE are now come to the Indications of a Sickness present whereof some prognosticate health others death the first of these may be called healthful the other unhealthful in the Genus dangerous in the Species these are taken from the strength and weakness of the operations in General if you take them in a General way from the operations of some speceal part if you take them in a special way These may partly be known by the Members of the Body afflicted taken 1. Per se 2. Per accidens As by excrements because in them appears signs either of concoction or crudity and therefore they must needs shew that Nature overcomes the offending matter or the offending matter Nature or at least that they equally contend for Dignities If Nature overcome the offending matter the Indication is Healthful the Game goes as it should do but if the offending matter grow too strong for Nature the sign is Unhealthful but if they contend in strength and you cannot tell which way the Scales will turn that 's a Neutral Sign Again Such as shew manifest concoction are Healthful Signs such as shew crudity are Unhealthful such as shew neither are Neutral There is besides these another kind of Neutral Signs that is when somtimes in the same party and same Disease the Signs give Indication of one thing one while and a while after of its contrary and these are called critical or decretory accidents of which we have spoken in our Treatise of the crisis of Diseases Chap. 84. Of Causes Healthful Vnhealthful and Neutral SEing therefore that of Causes some are Healthful some Unhealthful and others Neutral we shall speak first of all Healthful Causes and of these 1. Some are such as preserve Health 2. Others such as restore Health being lost Of these the dignity belongs to the former they deserve to carry the Bell away and therefore we shall begin with them and in so doing we must begin with a Body of an excellent Constitution and shew the means to maintain it in such a plight for if God had determined man of an unalterable Body this Constitution must needs so have continued still and never needed any art to help Nature but because the Body of man is alwaies subject to alteration corruption and change therefore it stands in continual need of help Chap. 85. How many waies our Bodies may be altered AS many waies as our Bodies may be altered so so many remedies are required to help and so many Conservatives to preserve but because all correctives work by degrees and all infirmities hast on Physitians usually call those Conservatives which by strengthning Nature preserve health in vigor Our bodies are altered by some things necessarily by other some not necessarily I say it is altered by some necessarily because they cannot be avoided as the Air we must needs receive some of it in by eating and drinking by sleeping and waking but to run amongst the wild Beasts or against the Swords is not of necessity therefore about the first of these this Conservative art is requisite not about the second to such things then as must of necessity alter the Body now turn we and they are these 1. Air 2. Motion and rest both of the whol Body and of every part thereof 3. Sleeping and watching 4. Meat and Drink 5. Excrements of the Body 6. Affections of the Soul 1. The Air alters the Body as it cools heats moistens or dries or according as these qualities are joyned together or the whol substance of the Air altered 2. Motion and rest offend on both hands when they exc●ed a measure also by drying moistning heating or cooling or by joyning any of these together 3. Sleeping and watching hurt by the same means 6. Affections of the Soul hurt by the same means But as for eating and drinking and expelling Eccrements the immoderate use of them hurts both by themselves and by other means or causes but of all these we have written in another Treatise All these well used are preservers of health but ill used are destroyers of it for when the Body desires motion exercise is healthful but when it needs you may take the word desires before under that notion needs if you please for many men and women desire many times things which are not needful for them and I had translated it so before had I thought of it I say when the Body needs rest idleness is better than Exercise for that helps Nature when the other weakens it The like you may say of meat and drink and all the rest being given in due measure and quality when the Body needs them they are healthful but necessity measure and quality erring they assalt Nature to thrust her out of her House of Clay or slime which you will If you please you may ad Time as a Companion to all these for none but a Blockhead will doubt but if both quantity and quality of such things as Nature needs be administred at an unfitting time the occasion of time may be the occasion of illness to the Body for seeing the Body of man is very subject to change therefore somtimes it needs one

which keeps his Court in the Spleen Thus you see how Elements Complexions and Humors are subservient the one to other even as the Spirit Soul and Body are if we may reason a minore ad ma●u● in the Microcosm 5. Me●b●●s or Limbs are Simple or Compound Principal or Subservient First Simple Members are 1. Bones 2. Cartilages 3. Ligaments 4. Veins 5. Arteries 6. Nerves 7. Tendons 8. Panides 9. Fat 10. Flesh 11. Skin Secondly Compound Members are 1. Head 2. Heart 3. Liver 4. Lungs 5. Legs 6. Arms 7. Hands Thirdly Principal Members are 1. Brain 2. Heart 3. Liver 4. Testicles Fourthly Members Subservient are 1. Nerves to carry the Animal Spirit 2. Arteries to carry the Vital Spirit 3. Veins to carry the Natural Spirit 4. Spermatick Vessels to carry the Procreative Spirit 6. Vertues are that whereby these act the Body and they are Vital Natural and Animal I forbear writing of them there being a Treatise of them Astrologo Physically handled by me already at the latter end of my Ephemeris for 1651. 7. Operations of these upon the Body of man are First The Animal Vertue causeth 1. Imagination Apprehension Fancy Opinion Consent c. in the two former Ventricles of the Brain 2. Judgment Esteem Reason Resolution Disposing Discerning in the middle Ventricle of the Brain 3. Calling to mind what is to come Remembrance of what is past in the hinder Ventricle of the Brain Secondly The Vital Vertue moveth 1. Joy Hope Mirth Singing by dilating the Heart 2. Sadness Sorrow Fear Sighing c. by compressing the Heart Thirdly The Natural Vertue 1. Altereth Food into Chyle Chyle into Blood and Humors Blood into Flesh 2. Joyneth formeth ingendreth encreaseth and nourisheth the Body of Man And now you see what Galen intends by a Healthful Body namely such a one where all these keep a good and orderly decorum CHAP. 5. Of a Body Vnhealtbful 1. A Body is simply unhealthful which is born mutilated by Nature as wanting some Members or some Operations or sences that is not perfect in respect of those Seven Natural things before mentioned as that cannot See Hear or Smel or is a Fool c. 2. According to time a Body is unhealthful that is at present sick in Body or distemper'd in mind or his Body broken or bruised in any part of it whether internal or external that hath an accidental distemper in any of the seven Natural things This is so cleer it needs no Comment CHAP. 6. Of a Body Neutral THis as we told you before carries a threefold signification 1. As things partake of either extremety swerving from the Rules of Healthfulness 2. As they partake of both of them together equally 3. As somtimes the one exceeds somtimes the other in resp●ect of time 1. Taken in the first Sence it is an exquisite medium between healthful and unhealthful Bodies And that First Naturally or Simply as many people are born of unhealthful or sickly Constitutions so that the Nativity as a cause produceth such an effect in every age Secondly According to time when the Body is neither perfectly in Health nor yet sick such a one as the proverb saith Is neither sick enough to lie in Bed nor well enough to follow his Imployment 2. Taken in the Second Sence A Neutral Body is such a Body as partakes of diverse contrary qualities either in one part of the Body or in diverse when there is an opposition between them and this concerns either the Formation of the Body or the Endowments of the mind or temperature of the parts when one contrary appears healthful the other unhealthful and this also 1. As it appears generally in al the ages of the Life 2. As it appears but particularly at some certain times 3. Taken in the third Sence it is when the ages of a mans Life Differ in respect of Health and Sickness as a man may be healthful in his Childhood and unhealthful in his youth and the contrary viz. sickly in his infancy and healthful in Youth c. Culpepers Comment The First of these needs no explanation the other two are somthing Obscure as in the second Galen saith a man may partake of contrary qualities in the formation of the Body Viz. A man may have a H●ad too big and feet as much too little a man may have a Nose exceeding the common bigness and Eyes as much less than the common proportion and the like 2. In the Endowments of mind as thus A man may have a very good Apprehension yet a bad Memory a man may have very good Judgment in ordering a Battel and yet be a Coward 3. In the temperature of the parts the Liver may be ●oo hot and yet the Brain too cold you may understand the rest by these examples which are sufficient to explain Galens meaning To the third When the Ages of a mans Life differ in respect of health and sickness saith Galen which is no more than thus to give you one example A Childs Body or any part thereof may be too hot by reason of sucking a Chollerick Woman in youth either the whol Body or the same part of it may be too cold imagine the Liver Brain or the like it may be too hot in Manhood too cold in Age or the contrary to these Thus much for Bodies we come now to unfold the Signs CHAP. 7. Of SIGNS OF these some indicate present health others proclaim health to come a third sort put us in mind of health past In the same manner likewise some unhealthful Signs shew present Sickness others give fair warning that sickness is coming other indications call to our remembrance the sickness past Imagine the like by Neutrals some shew a present Neutral condition foreshew it coming call it to mind being past and shew a disposition as well healthful as sickly The use of the First and Second of these is admirable the last is not so absolutely useful And thus have we shewed you what Signs are we come to treat of them particularly CHAP. 8. Signs of a very good Constitution OF these some are deduced from the Reason or Essential Cause thereof or from necessary consequen which follow such operations and cases of which the first are called Essential the othe● Accidental Such as are Essentially of good Constitution are such in whose Bodies heat coldness driness and moisture are equally tempered the Instruments of the Bodie are composed in every part of due bigness number place and Formation Culpeper I shall here for the benefit of yong Students intermix my Comment with the Text Whereas Galen saith a good Constitution consists of heat cold driness and moisture equally tempered you must not imagine they are so all over the Body but according to place for the Heart is and should be hotter than the Brain c. but each part exceeds not its due proportion in these the Brain is not hotter colder drier nor moister than it should be judg so by the Heart

view of the Eye viz. The Flesh and some of the Muscles for the Vessels which come to these are not a part of the substance but certain rivolets which administer to its wants We come now then to the Indications of this and we shall first of all give you the Indications of a good temper of the Habit of the whol Body which we state as a Basis of the rest that so you may see how much all distempers decline from it All Distempers discolour the Skin one way or other and from thence are Indications taken yet if the Region be never so temperate if the Body be never so well in Health and of never so good a Constitution yet if he expose his ●aked Body to the Sun in the Summer time it will mar all the Indications that can be taken from the colour and therefore you must heed custom as well as colour and therefore Virgins which vail their faces from the Sun preserve their Beauty by it All these words have been about what our intent is to do we now come to the matter it self Chap. 51. Signs of a Moderate Temperature THe Indications of a Moderate Temperature according to the whol Habit of the Body are a mixed colour in the Face of red and white as though the Lilly and the Rose strove for Superiority the Hair yellow and moderately curling the Carnosity or Fleshiness of the Body mean in respect both of quantity and quality all the Parts of the Body keep the Golden Mean and avoid excess on either hand excess to this are grossness thinness fleshiness leanness fatness hardness softness roughness smoothness all these swerve from meanness but a man of a moderate or mean temper is such a one according to the Rule of Polydetus that if you feel his flesh it is neither too hard nor too soft too hot nor too cold If you look upon his Body 't is neither too gross nor too thin too rough nor too smooth neither hath it any excess or defect Culpeper As for the colour of Hair I told you before it is to be considered according to the Country the man lives in for although happily in Greece where Galen lived good constitutions might have yellow Hair yet we find it not so in England but usually brown Chap. 52. Signs of a hot Temper THe Temper of the Body verging from mediocrity to heat and not at all to moisture nor driness the Body feels hot in touching and the more the temper declines from Mediocrity to Heat the hotter it feels also the hotter it is the rougher it is and the more hairy the less fat it hath the redder it looks the Hair curls the more Chap. 53. Signs of a cold Temperature VVAnt of Hair is one Indication of a cold temperature others are fatness and coldness which are obvious to the feeling the colour of the Hair is duskie the colour of the Face is swarthy or of a leaden colour Chap. 54. Signs of a dry Temperature THe drier the Temperature is the slenderer is the man and the more the Flesh recedes from its due temper to driness the harder it is so much then as you find the Flesh harder judg it as much dryer than it ought to be Chap. 55. Signs of a moist Temperature A Moist Temperature causeth a fat moist and soft Body and very smooth Thus much for the Indications of the Temperature offending in the first qualities The mixed follow Culpeper It is the opinion of some and indeed of my self for one that these Qualities seldom or never offend alone therefore I shall refer my judgment to them as they are mixed and first I shall give you my Authors Indications secondly my own Chap. 56. Signs of a hot and dry Temperature IF the Temperature be hot and dry the Body is exceeding rough and hairy hot and hard in touching thin and slender in sight and hath but little fat the colour is black and swarthy and the blacker the more heat abounds as appears in the Indians and AEthiopians Chap. 57. Signs of a hot and moist Temperature A Hot and moist Temper is soft warm and Fleshy and is indeed if it be equally mixed the best temper of all and yet the Body where heat and moisture exceed the due proportion is soon surprized with Diseases of Putrefaction and as readily molested with viciousness of Humors If heat exceed moisture the Body is but little softer than a due Temperature but much hotter they are pretty hairy very Fleshy but not fat and their Hair is usually blackish but if moisture exceed heat they have much Flesh a good colour their Body is smoother and not so hot in feeling By the like Rules in all Compound Temperatures you may know which of the first qualities is most Predominate and how much also it excels Chap. 58. Signs of a cold and moist Temperature IF the Temperature be colder and moister than it ought to be the Body the Head c. excepted is free from Hairs white soft gross and fat If the firs● Qualities viz. Coldness and moisture be unequally tempered viz. more cold than moist or more moist th●n cold repair to those Chapters which treat of the Temperatures offending in the first Qualities and ve●●●ay find out by them and that with a great deal of ease which Quality offends most Chap. 59. Signs of a cold and dry Temperature IF cold together with driness be equally encreased the Body is hard thin without Hairs If they have any fat 't is dispersed amongst the Flesh both the Hair and colour follow the proportion of the coldness but when in process of time a hot and dry Temperature turns into a cold and dry such are slender hard rough hairy and black and subject to Diseases of Addust Choller if coldness exceed driness or the contrary repair to what you were directed to in the last Chapter In whatsoever we have spoken before or shall speak hereafter take these common Indications 1. If the Member easily wax cold it is a sign of coldness or rariety if it wax not easily cold it is a sign of heat or thickness 2. If a Member be not easily moved and be offended by drying Medicines it is a Sign of driness but if it be offended by moistning Remedies 't is a sign of moistness 3. Alwaies consider the bigness of the Bones for ●●mtimes a Member may seem slender when 't is not so 〈◊〉 respect of the Muscles but only the Bones are smal ●nd somtimes a Member seems great not because the ●o●es are so but by reason of the multitude of Flesh 4. The sollid parts of the Body can by no means be ●ade moister than they should 't is well if you can keep them from overdrying but those parts which are in●●●cepted between these may possibly be filled with moisture 5. That is the proper nourishment of the Similary ●arts which is done by opposition not by attraction by the Vessels and this shall suffice we pass now to ●hat

I am now come to my last point Affections of the Mind and they are but two Content and Discontent In Content consider 1. What it is 2. Its Effects 3. Its Differences First By Content I mean such affections as are pleasing to the Nature of Man as Hope Joy Lové Mirth c. Secondly By their Effects 1. They dilate the Heart and Arteries 2. They distribute both Vital and Natural Spirit throughout the Body 3. They comfort and strengthen not only the parts of the Body but also the Mind and that in all their actions Thirdly Their Differences are two and no more 1. Moderation which comforts both Body and Mind 2. Immoderation which hurts both Body and Mind First By Discontent I mean such affections as disturb the Body as Anger Hatred Fear for things to come Care for things past Sorrow Grief of Mind c. Secondly The Effects of it are 1. They devert the Vital heat from the Circumference to the Center thereby consuming the Vital Spirits drying the Body and causing Leanness 2. They are forerunners of Evil 3. They are Destroyers Overthrowers and Murderers both of Body and Mind 4. They hasten old Age and death by consuming Radical Moisture Thus much for my Comment upon this Chapter which if it light into the Hands of a wise man I have written enough if of a Fool too much Chap. 86. Of Venereals THe Opinion of Epicurus was that it was Unhealthful for man to come to the School of Venus but indeed and in truth the Exercise is beneficial if a due interval of time be observed And this you may know if the man find himself the better and not the worse after the Act. As for the time to such business Let not the Body be too full nor too empty too hot nor too cold too dry nor too moist and if you must err in in one of these err as little as you can And because usually errors are in such case let the Body be rather hot than cold full than empty moist than dry Before you come to the School of Venus go to the School of Mars namely Exercise your Body before you take councel of the under sheet and so exercise it that you do not tire it If your Constitution be good you need not fear the Exercise of your Constitution can be otherwaies If there be deficiency in your Body it is no wonder if you reade it in your Child We have given you notice how you may know the deficiencies of your own Body and we have spoken of them severally in other Works of ours If the Temperature of the Body differ from Health the effects of the same Temperature must differ as much from the desired end and in that take a few Rules to help your selves Hot Bodies desire hot Nourishments cold Bodies cold Nourishments dry Bodies dry Nourishments and moist Bodies moist Nourishments and the reason is because every like is maitained by his like Therefore Whereas Motion want of Nourishment Watching a Loosness and Discontent dry the Body and procure Diseases thence coming the contrary to these moisten the Body for likes rejoyce in their likes and keep the Bodies in their Temperature and this we speak concerning Bodies Healthful The inequality of these is the breach of Health in the Body of man the way to correct which we have spoken of before only somthing we shall now ad If the Body be offended by much Idleness we ought to correct it by Exercise but this is to be done by degrees for Nature abhors all sudden change Understand the like by a Body weakned by too much Exercise as also by other things not natural which we spake of in the last Chapter Also it may so come to pass that the Stomach may be colder than it ought to be and yet the Brain at the same time hotter than its due temper in such a case you must remedy them both with Medicines proper for them Do the like by other parts of the Bodie when they are hotter colder drier or moister than they ought to be Culpeper By what means to do this you have before in my Comment Chap. 87. Of Healthful Causes of the Instrumental Parts AS concerning Healthful Causes of the Instrumental parts of the Body some consist in want of error in Formation others in want of error in Magnitude Number and Scituation In Formation many errors happen both in the fashion of the part and if there be any Cavity in it when it differs from the Golden Mean in the Passage Mouth Roughness or Smooth●ess these if they differ but little from what naturally they ought to be may deserve the appellation of Healthful but if much they may safely be called Unhealthful but if the difference be so great that the part cannot perform its operation it may truly be said to be sick Also difference must be made in the Quantity of the Defect as also in the Number whether one or mo●● or how many of the parts be deficient as also what the Scituation of the deficient part is The Differences then of these are four 1. Such whose Instrumental parts are in a due Decorum 2. Such as differ but little from it and therefore may also be called Healthful 3. Such as differ more and therefore are Unhealthful 4. Such as differ most and therefore are sick As for such Members as offend in Figure or fashion viz. such as are crooked or the like while the Child is yet yong and tender they may be reduced to their Natural habit by binding or such like means but when once the Child is grown up and the parts hardened 't is impossible to reduce them and indeed all errors in the Body are easier to be amended whilst the Body grows than afterwards for then according to the Opinion of most Phyfitians there is no place left for Remedy As for such Members as exceed their due proportion in bigness may be reduced by resting and convenient binding of them also Members may be encreased by motion and moderate rubbing for that calls the Blood to the place All defective parts which have their Original through Blood are not impossible to be corrected or restored but such parts of the Body as are Spermatical or have their Original by Seed are either altogether impossible to be restored or very neer the point although a callous matter grow in their places which performs the same office they did In all these Nature is the Work-woman and the Physitian but her Servant Also somtimes two or three Vices may accompany one and the same Part as in him that we told you before that had a smal and round Stomach and neer the Diaphragma for in him both Magnitude Formation and Scituation were depraved and the greatest Artificialness in the world could never bring this to a natural habit for if his Stomach were never so little full difficulty of breathing followed therefore his only Remedy was to take little meat and drink at a time and